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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ý☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20182020
OR
¨☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from             to             
Commission File Number: 1-13087 (Boston Properties, Inc.)
Commission File Number: 0-50209 (Boston Properties Limited Partnership)
BOSTON PROPERTIES, INC.
BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
(Exact name of Registrants as specified in its charter)
Boston Properties, Inc.Delaware04-2473675
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
Boston Properties Limited PartnershipDelaware04-3372948
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
Prudential Center, 800 Boylston Street, Suite 1900, Boston, Massachusetts 02199-8103
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(617) 236-3300
(Registrants’ telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
RegistrantTitle of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Boston Properties, Inc.Common Stock, par value $.01 per shareBXPNew York Stock Exchange
Boston Properties, Inc.Depository Shares Each Representing 1/100th of a shareBXP PRBNew York Stock Exchange
 of 5.25% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per shareNew York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
RegistrantTitle of each class
Boston Properties Limited PartnershipUnits of Limited Partnership



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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    
Boston Properties, Inc.:    Yes  x☒    No  ¨☐        Boston Properties Limited Partnership:    Yes  x☒    No  ¨☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    
Boston Properties, Inc.:    Yes  ¨☐     No  x☒        Boston Properties Limited Partnership:    Yes  ¨☐     No  x☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    
Boston Properties, Inc.:    Yes  x☒    No  ¨☐        Boston Properties Limited Partnership:    Yes  x☒    No  ¨☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Boston Properties, Inc.:    Yes  x☒    No  ¨☐        Boston Properties Limited Partnership:    Yes  x☒    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  x☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Boston Properties, Inc.:    
Large accelerated filer  xAccelerated filer  ¨Filer  ☒         Accelerated Filer  ☐        Non-accelerated filer  ¨Filer  ☐         Smaller reporting company  ¨Reporting Company  ☐
Emerging growth company¨Growth Company☐
Boston Properties Limited Partnership:
Large accelerated filer  ¨Accelerated filer  ¨Filer  ☐         Accelerated Filer  ☐         Non-accelerated filer  xFiler  ☒           Smaller reporting company  ¨Reporting Company  ☐
Emerging growth company¨Growth Company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Boston Properties, Inc. ¨☐  Boston Properties Limited Partnership ¨☐ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
Boston Properties, Inc. ☒ Boston Properties Limited Partnership ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    
Boston Properties, Inc.:    Yes  ¨☐   No  x☒        Boston Properties Limited Partnership:    Yes  ¨☐    No  x☒
As of June 30, 2018,2020, the aggregate market value of the 154,123,162155,311,291 shares of Common Stock held by non-affiliates of Boston Properties, Inc. was $19,330,126,978$14,037,034,481 based upon the last reported sale price of $125.42$90.38 per share on the New York Stock Exchange on June 29, 2018.30, 2020. (For this computation, Boston Properties, Inc. has excluded the market value of all shares of Common Stock reported as beneficially owned by executive officers and directors of Boston Properties, Inc.; such exclusion shall not be deemed to constitute an admission that any such person is an affiliate of Boston Properties, Inc.).
As of February 22, 2019,2021, there were 154,509,216155,805,646 shares of Common Stock of Boston Properties, Inc. outstanding.
Because no established market for common units of limited partnership of Boston Properties Limited Partnership exists, there is no market value for such units.
Certain information contained in Boston Properties Inc.’s Proxy Statement relating to its Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held May 21, 2019May 20, 2021 is incorporated by reference in Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III. Boston Properties, Inc. intends to file such Proxy StatementStatement with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the end of its fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.
2020.


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EXPLANATORY NOTE
This report combines the Annual Reports on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20182020 of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership. Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to “BXP” mean Boston Properties, Inc., a Delaware corporation and real estate investment trust (“REIT”), and references to “BPLP” and the “Operating Partnership” mean Boston Properties Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership. BPLP is the entity through which BXP conducts substantially all of its business and owns, either directly or through subsidiaries, substantially all of its assets. BXP is the sole general partner and also a limited partner of BPLP. As the sole general partner of BPLP, BXP has exclusive control of BPLP’s day-to-day management. Therefore, unless stated otherwise or the context requires, references to the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” mean collectively BXP, BPLP and those entities/subsidiaries consolidated by BXP.
As of December 31, 2018,2020, BXP owned an approximate 89.7%90.0% ownership interest in BPLP. The remaining approximate 10.3%10.0% interest was owned by limited partners. The other limited partners of BPLP are (1) persons who contributed their direct or indirect interests in properties to BPLP in exchange for common units or preferred units of limited partnership interest in BPLP and/or (2) recipients of long-term incentive plan units of BPLP pursuant to BXP’s Stock Option and Incentive Plans. Under the limited partnership agreement of BPLP, unitholders may present their common units of BPLP for redemption at any time (subject to restrictions agreed upon at the time of issuance of the units that may restrict such right for a period of time, generally one year from issuance). Upon presentation of a common unit for redemption, BPLP must redeem the unit for cash equal to the then value of a share of BXP’s common stock. In lieu of a cash redemption by BPLP, however, BXP may elect to acquire any common units so tendered by issuing shares of BXP common stock in exchange for the common units. If BXP so elects, its common stock will be exchanged for common units on a one-for-one basis. This one-for-one exchange ratio is subject to specified adjustments to prevent dilution. BXP generally expects that it will elect to issue its common stock in connection with each such presentation for redemption rather than having BPLP pay cash. With each such exchange or redemption, BXP’s percentage ownership in BPLP will increase. In addition, whenever BXP issues shares of its common stock other than to acquire common units of BPLP, BXP must contribute any net proceeds it receives to BPLP and BPLP must issue to BXP an equivalent number of common units of BPLP. This structure is commonly referred to as an umbrella partnership REIT, or UPREIT.
The Company believes that combining the Annual Reports on Form 10-K of BXP and BPLP into this single report provides the following benefits:
•enhances investors’ understanding of BXP and BPLP by enabling investors to view the business as a whole in the same manner as management views and operates the business;
•eliminates duplicative disclosure and provides a more concise and readable presentation because a substantial portion of the disclosure applies to both BXP and BPLP; and
•creates time and cost efficiencies through the preparation of one combined report instead of two separate reports.
The Company believes it is important to understand the few differences between BXP and BPLP in the context of how BXP and BPLP operate as a consolidated company. The financial results of BPLP are consolidated into the financial statements of BXP. BXP does not have any other significant assets, liabilities or operations, other than its investment in BPLP, nor does it have employees of its own. BPLP, not BXP, generally executes all significant business relationships other than transactions involving the securities of BXP. BPLP holds substantially all of the assets of BXP, including ownership interests in joint ventures. BPLP conducts the operations of the business and is structured as a partnership with no publicly traded equity. Except for the net proceeds from equity offerings by BXP, which are contributed to the capital of BPLP in exchange for common or preferred units of partnership in BPLP, as applicable, BPLP generates all remaining capital required by the Company’s business. These sources include working capital, net cash provided by operating activities, borrowings under its credit facilities, the issuance of secured and unsecured debt and equity securities and proceeds received from the disposition of certain properties and interests in joint ventures.
Shareholders’ equity, partners’ capital and noncontrolling interests are the main areas of difference between the consolidated financial statements of BXP and BPLP. The limited partners of BPLP are accounted for as partners’ capital in BPLP’s financial statements and as noncontrolling interests in BXP’s financial statements. The noncontrolling interests in BPLP’s financial statements include the interests of unaffiliated partners in various consolidated partnerships. The noncontrolling interests in BXP’s financial statements include the same


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noncontrolling interests at BPLP’s level and limited partners of BPLP. The differences between shareholders’ equity and partners’ capital result from differences in the equity issued at BXP and BPLP levels.
In addition, the consolidated financial statements of BXP and BPLP differ in total real estate assets resulting from previously applied acquisition accounting by BXP for the issuance of common stock in connection with non-sponsor redemptions of common units of BPLP. This accounting resulted in a step-up of the real estate assets at BXP. This resulted in a difference between the net real estate of BXP as compared to BPLP of approximately $301.1$271.3 million, or 1.8%1.5% at December 31, 2018,2020, and a corresponding difference in depreciation expense, impairment losses and gains on sales of real estate upon the sale of certain properties having an allocation of the real estate step-up. The acquisition accounting was nullified on a prospective basis beginning in 2009 as a result of the Company’s adoption of a new accounting standard requiring any future redemptions to be accounted for solely as an equity transaction.
To help investors better understand the key differences between BXP and BPLP, certain information for BXP and BPLP in this report has been separated, as set forth below:
•Item 5. Market for Registrant'sRegistrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities;
•Item 6. Selected Financial Data;
•Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations includes information specific to each entity, where applicable;
•Item 7. Liquidity and Capital Resources includes separate reconciliations of amounts to each entity’s financial statements, where applicable;
•Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data which includes the following specific disclosures for BXP and BPLP:
•Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies;
•Note 3. Real Estate;
•Note 10. Noncontrolling Interest;
•Note 11.12. Stockholders’ Equity / Partners’ Capital;
•Note 13. Segment Information; and
•Note 14. Earnings Per Share / Per Common Unit; and
•Note 18. Selected Interim Financial Information (unaudited); and
• Item 15. Financial Statement Schedule—Schedule 3.

This report also includes the following separate items for each of BXP and BPLP: Part II, Item 9A. Controls and Procedures, consents of the independent registered public accounting firm (Exhibits 23.1 and 23.2), and certifications (Exhibits 31.1, 31.2, 31.3, 31.4, 32.1, 32.2, 32.3 and 32.4).



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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM NO.DESCRIPTIONPAGE NO.
2
1.
2
1A.
19
1B.
42
2.
43
3.
49
4.
49
50
5.
50
6.
52
7.
57
7A.
110
8.
111
9.
182
9A.
182
9B.
182
183
10.
183
11.
183
12.
183
13.
184
14.
184
185
15.
185
16.
199


   
ITEM NO.DESCRIPTIONPAGE NO.
  
PART I
 
1
1.
BUSINESS
1
1A.
RISK FACTORS
15
1B.
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
33
2.
PROPERTIES
34
3.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
40
4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
40
   
PART II
 
41
5.
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
41
6.
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
43
7.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
48
7A.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
112
8.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
113
9.
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
181
9A.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
181
9B.
OTHER INFORMATION
182
   
PART III
 
183
10.
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
183
11.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
183
12.
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
183
13.
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
183
14.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
183
   
PART IV
 
184
15.
EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
184
16.
FORM 10-K SUMMARY
198

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Summary of Risk Factors
The risk factors detailed in Item 1A titled “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are the risks that we believe are material to our investors and a reader should carefully consider them. Those risks are not all of the risks we face and other factors not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also affect our business if they occur.The following is a summary of the risk factors detailed in Item 1A:
•The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe disruptions in the United States and global economies and we expect it will continue to materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, liquidity and performance and that of our tenants.
•Our performance depends upon the economic climates of our markets—Boston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco and Washington, DC.
•Adverse economic and geopolitical conditions, health crises and dislocations in the credit markets could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay dividends and/or distributions.
•Our success depends on key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed.
•Our performance and value are subject to risks associated with our real estate assets and with the real estate industry, including, without limitation:
◦potential difficulties or delays renewing leases or re-leasing space; and
◦potential adverse effects from major tenants’ bankruptcies or insolvencies.
•Our actual costs to develop properties may exceed our budgeted costs.
•Our use of joint ventures may limit our flexibility with respect to the assets they own and other assets we may wish to acquire.
•Some potential losses are not covered by insurance.
•We face risks associated with the physical effects of climate change.
•Potential liability for environmental contamination could result in substantial costs.
•An increase in interest rates would increase our interest costs on variable rate debt and could adversely impact our ability to re-finance existing debt or sell assets on favorable terms or at all.
•Covenants in our debt agreements could adversely affect our financial condition.
•We face risks associated with the use of debt to fund acquisitions and developments, including refinancing risk.
•Our degree of leverage could limit our ability to obtain additional financing or affect the market price of our equity and debt securities.
•We face risks associated with BXP’s status as a real estate investment trust (REIT), including, without limitation:
◦failure to qualify as a REIT would cause BXP to be taxed as a corporation, which would substantially reduce funds available for payment of dividends;
◦possible adverse state and local tax audits and changes in state and local tax laws could result in increased tax costs that could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and the amount of cash available for the payment of dividends and distributions to our securityholders; and
◦in order to maintain BXP’s REIT status, we may be forced to borrow funds during unfavorable market conditions.
•Litigation could have a material adverse effect.
•We face risks associated with security breaches through cyber attacks, cyber intrusions or otherwise, as well as other significant disruptions of our information technology (IT) networks and related systems.
•Changes in accounting pronouncements could adversely affect our operating results, in addition to the reported financial performance of our tenants.
This section contains forward-looking statements. You should refer to the explanation of the qualifications and limitations on forward-looking statements beginning on page 57.
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PART I

Item 1. Business


General
BXP, a Delaware corporation organized in 1997, is a fully integrated, self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust, or “REIT,”REIT, and is one of the largest developers, owners and managerspublicly-traded office REITs (based on total market capitalization as of office propertiesDecember 31, 2020) in the United States.States that develops, owns and manages primarily Class A office properties.
Our properties are concentrated in five markets—Boston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco and Washington, DC. At December 31, 2018,2020, we owned or had joint venture interests in 197a portfolio of 196 commercial real estate properties, aggregating approximately 51.651.2 million net rentable square feet of primarily Class A office properties, including 11six properties under construction/redevelopment totaling approximately 5.33.7 million net rentable square feet. As of December 31, 20182020, our properties consisted of:
 
178•177 office properties (including ninesix properties under construction/redevelopment);
twelve•12 retail properties;
•six residential properties (including two under construction);properties; and
•one hotel.
We consider Class A office properties to be well-located buildings that are professionally managed and maintained, attract high-quality tenants and command upper-tier rental rates, and that are modern structures or have been modernized to compete with newer buildings.buildings and professionally managed and maintained. As such, these properties attract high-quality tenants and command upper-tier rental rates. Our definition of Class A office properties may be different than those used by other companies.
We are a full-service real estate company, with substantial in-house expertise and resources in acquisitions, development, financing, capital markets, construction management, property management, marketing, leasing, accounting, risk management, tax and legal services. BXP manages BPLP as its sole general partner. As of December 31, 2018, we had approximately 760 employees. Our 37 senior officers have an average of 31 years of experience in the real estate industry, including an average of 21 years of experience with us. Our principal executive office and Boston regional office are located at The Prudential Center, 800 Boylston Street, Suite 1900, Boston, Massachusetts 02199 and our telephone number is (617) 236-3300. In addition, we have regional offices at 2400 Broadway,3250 Ocean Park Boulevard, Suite 510,300, Santa Monica, California 90404,90405, 599 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10022, Four Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, California 94111 and 2200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037.
Our internet address is http://www.bostonproperties.com.www.bxp.com. On our website, you can obtain free copies of our annual reportsAnnual Reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. You may also obtain BXP’s and BPLP’s reports by accessing the EDGAR database at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov, or we will furnish an electronic or paper copy of these reports free of charge upon written request to: Investor Relations, Boston Properties, Inc., Prudential Center, 800 Boylston Street, Suite 1900, Boston, Massachusetts 02199. “Boston Properties” is a registered trademark and the “bxp” logo is a trademark, in both cases, ofowned by BPLP.
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
BPLP is a Delaware limited partnership organized in 1997, and the entity through which BXP conducts substantially all of its business and owns, either directly or through subsidiaries, substantially all of its assets. BXP is the sole general partner of BPLP and, as of February 22, 2019,2021, the owner of approximately 89.5%89.8% of the economic interests in BPLP. Economic interest was calculated as the number of common partnership units of BPLP owned by BXP as a percentage of the sum of (1) the actual aggregate number of outstanding common partnership units of BPLP and (2) the number of common units issuable upon conversion of all outstanding long term incentive plan units of BPLP, or LTIP Units, for which all performance conditions have been satisfied for such conversion. We exclude from (1) and (2) above other than LTIP Units issued in the form of Multi-Year Long-Term Incentive Plan Awards in 2019 or later (“MYLTIP Awards”) that, which remain subject to performance conditions, assuming all conditions have been met for the conversion of the LTIP Units, (3) the 2012 Outperformance Awards that were issued in the form of LTIP Units and earned as of February 6, 2015 (the “2012 OPP Units”), (4) the 2013 MYLTIP Units that were issued in the form of LTIP Units and earned as of February 4, 2016 (the “2013 MYLTIP Units”), (5) the 2014 MYLTIP Units that were issued in the form of LTIP Units and earned as of February 3, 2017 (the “2014 MYLTIP Units”), (6)

the 2015 MYLTIP Units that were issued in the form of LTIP Units and earned as of February 4, 2018 (the “2015 MYLTIP Units”) and (7) the 2016 MYLTIP Units that were issued in the form of LTIP Units and earned as of February 9, 2019 (the “2016 MYLTIP Units”).conditions. An LTIP Unit is generally the economic equivalent of a share of BXP’s restricted common stock, although LTIP Units issued in the form of MYLTIP Awards are only entitled to receive one-tenth (1/10th)10th) of the regular quarterly distributions (and no special distributions) prior to being earned. BXP’s general and limited partnership interests in BPLP entitles BXP to share in cash distributions from, and in the profits and losses of, BPLP in proportion to BXP’s percentage interest and entitles BXP to vote on all matters requiring a vote of the limited partners.
Preferred units of BPLP have the rights, preferences and other privileges set forth in an amendment to the limited partnership agreement of BPLP. As of December 31, 20182020 and February 22, 2019,2021, BPLP had one series of
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Preferred Units outstanding consisting of 80,000 Series B Preferred Units. The Series B Preferred Units have a liquidation preference of $2,500 per share (or an aggregate of approximately $193.6 million at December 31, 20182020 and February 22, 2019,2021, after deducting the underwriting discount and transaction expenses). The Series B Preferred Units were issued by BPLP on March 27, 2013 in connection with BXP’s issuance of 80,000 shares (8,000,000 depositary shares each representing 1/100th of a share) of 5.25% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock”). BXP contributed the net proceeds from the offering to BPLP in exchange for Series B Preferred Units having rights, performance and privileges generally mirroring those of the Series B Preferred Stock. BXP will pay cumulative cash dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock at a rate of 5.25% per annum of the $2,500 liquidation preference per share. BXP did not have the right to redeem the Series B Preferred Stock prior to March 27, 2018, except in certain circumstances relating to the preservation of BXP’s REIT status. On and after March 27, 2018, BXP, at its option, may redeem the Series B Preferred Stock for a cash redemption price of $2,500 per share, plus all accrued and unpaid dividends. The Series B Preferred Stock is not redeemable by the holders, has no maturity date and is not convertible into any other security of the Companyours or itsour affiliates.
Transactions During 20182020
Dispositions
For information explaining why BXP and BPLP may report different gains on sales of real estate, see the Explanatory Note that follows the cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
On January 9, 2018,28, 2020, we entered into a joint venture with a third party to own, operate and develop properties at our Gateway Commons complex located in South San Francisco, California. We contributed our 601, 611 and 651 Gateway properties and development rights with an agreed upon value aggregating approximately $350.0 million for our 50% interest in the joint venture. 601, 611 and 651 Gateway consist of three Class A office properties aggregating approximately 768,000 net rentable square feet. The partner contributed three properties and development rights with an agreed upon value aggregating approximately $280.8 million at closing and will contribute cash totaling approximately $69.2 million in the future for its 50% ownership interest in the joint venture. As a result of the partner’s deferred contribution, we have an initial approximately 55% interest in the joint venture. Future development projects will be owned 49% by us and 51% by our partner. Upon the partner’s contribution, we ceased accounting for the joint venture entity on a consolidated basis and are accounting for the joint venture entity on an unconsolidated basis using the equity method of accounting, as we have reduced our ownership interest in the joint venture entity and no longer have a controlling financial or operating interest in the joint venture entity (See Note 6). We recognized a gain on the retained and sold interest in the real estate contributed to the joint venture totaling approximately $217.7 million for BXP and $222.4 million for BPLP during the year ended December 31, 2020 within Gains on Sales of Real Estate on the respective Consolidated Statements of Operations, as the fair value of the real estate exceeded its carrying value (See “Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures” below).
On February 20, 2020, we completed the sale of our 500 E Street, S.W. propertyNew Dominion Technology Park located in Washington, DCHerndon, Virginia for a net contractgross sale price of approximately $118.6$256.0 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $116.1$254.0 million, resulting in a gain on sale of real estate totaling approximately $96.4$192.3 million for BXP and approximately $98.9$197.1 million for BPLP. 500 E Street, S.W.New Dominion Technology Park is ancomprised of two Class A office properties aggregating approximately 262,000493,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property.feet.
On May 24, 2018,June 25, 2020, we completed the sale of a portion of our 91 Hartwell AvenueCapital Gallery property located in Lexington, MassachusettsWashington, DC for a gross sale price of approximately $22.2$253.7 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $21.7$246.6 million, resulting in a gain on sale of real estate totaling approximately $15.5$203.5 million for BXP and approximately $15.9$207.0 million for BPLP. 91 Hartwell AvenueCapital Gallery is an approximately 119,000631,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property. The portion sold was comprised of approximately 455,000 net rentable square feet of commercial office space. We continue to own the land, underground parking garage and remaining commercial office and retail space containing approximately 176,000 net rentable square feet at the property.
On September 27, 2018,December 16, 2020, we completed the sale of our Quorum Office Park propertya parcel of land located in Chelmsford,Marlborough, Massachusetts for a gross sale price of approximately $35.3$14.3 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $34.3$14.2 million, resulting in a gain on sale of real estate totaling approximately $7.9 million for BXP and approximately $9.2 million for BPLP. Quorum Office Park is an approximately 268,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property.
On November 30, 2018, we completed the sale of our 1333 New Hampshire Avenue property located in Washington, DC for a gross sale price of approximately $142.0 million, including the retention of a $5.5 million future payment by the anchor tenant. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $133.7 million, resulting in a gain on sale of real estate totaling approximately $44.4 million for BXP and approximately $48.4 million for BPLP. 1333 New Hampshire Avenue is an approximately 315,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property.
On December 13, 2018, we completed the sale of our 6595 Springfield Center Drive development project located in Springfield, Virginia, for a sale price of approximately $98.1 million, consisting of the land and project costs incurred through the closing date. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $97.1$5.2 million. Concurrently with the sale, we agreed to act as development manager and have guaranteed the completion of the project. The book

value of the property exceeded its estimated fair value prior to the sale, and as a result, we recognized an impairment loss totaling approximately $8.7 million during the three months ended December 31, 2018. 6595 Springfield Center Drive is an approximately 634,000 net rentable square foot Class A office project.
On December 20, 2018, we completed the sale of a 41-acre parcel of land at our Tower Oaks property located in Rockville, Maryland for a gross sale price of approximately $46.0 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $25.9 million, resulting in a gain on sale of real estate totaling approximately $15.7 million. We agreed to provide seller financing to the buyer totaling $21.0 million, which is collateralized by a portion of the land parcel that secures the loan, bears interest at an effective rate of 1.92% per annum and matures on December 20, 2021. The loan has been reflected as Note Receivable on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Impairment Loss
For information explaining why BXP and BPLP may report different impairment losses, see the Explanatory Note that follows the cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
During the three months ended December 31, 2018, we reevaluated our strategy for the sale of our 2600 Tower Oaks Boulevard property. Based on a shorter than expected hold period, we reduced the carrying value of the property to its estimated fair value at December 31, 2018 and recognized an impairment loss totaling approximately $3.1 million for BXP and approximately $1.5 million for BPLP. Our estimated fair value was based on a pending offer for the sale of the property. 2600 Tower Oaks Boulevard is an approximately 179,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property (See Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Developments/Redevelopments
As of December 31, 2018,2020, we had 11six office properties under construction/redevelopment, comprised of nine office properties and two residential properties, which we expect will total approximately 5.33.7 million net rentable square feet. We estimate our share of the total investment to complete these projects, in the aggregate, is approximately $2.7$2.2 billion, of which we had alreadyapproximately $848.7 million
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remains to be invested approximately $1.0 billion as of December 31, 2018.2020. Approximately 87% of the commercial space in these development projects was pre-leased as of February 22, 2021. For a detailed list of the properties under construction/redevelopment see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” within “Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
On January 24, 2018,March 26, 2020, we entered into a lease agreement with an affiliate of Leidos Holdings, Inc. forcompleted and fully placed in-service 17Fifty Presidents Street located in Reston, Virginia. 17Fifty Presidents Street is a build-to-suit project with approximately 276,000 net rentable square feet of Class A office space at our 17Fifty Presidents Street development project located in Reston, Virginia. Concurrently with the execution of the lease, we commenced development of the project and expect the building to be completed and available for occupancy during the second quarter of 2020.
On February 23, 2018, we entered into a lease agreement with Fannie Mae to lease approximately 850,000 net rentable square feet of Class A office space at our Reston Gateway development project located in Reston, Virginia. The initial phase of the project will consist of two Class A office buildings aggregating approximately 1.1 million net rentable square feet. On August 31, 2018, we commenced development of the project.that is 100% leased.
On June 7, 2018,1, 2020, we completed and fully placed in-service our Signature at Reston development project comprised of 508 apartment units and retail space aggregating approximately 518,000 square feet located in Reston, Virginia. This project was partially placed in-service on January 31, 2018.
On August 7, 2018, we entered into an agreement with a third party to (1) share certain pre-development costs during the pre-lease period and (2) to form a joint venture to thereafter own and develop a leasehold interest in 343 Madison Avenue located in New York City, which will support a Class A office tower with approximately 850,000 net rentable square feet. We will serve as development manager of the project and will own a 55% interest in the joint venture. In 2016, we were selected by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority ("MTA") as the developer of the project and will enter into a pre-lease agreement and a 99-year ground lease with the MTA for the site. There can be no assurances that the transaction will be completed on the terms currently contemplated, or at all.
On September 1, 2018, we completed and fully placed in-service our Proto Kendall Square development project comprised of 280 apartment units and retail space aggregating approximately 167,000 square feet located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. This project was partially placed in-service on June 20 2018.

On November 9, 2018, we completed and fully placed in-service 191 Spring Street, a Class A office redevelopment project with approximately 171,000 square feet located in Lexington, Massachusetts. This property is 100% leased.
On December 1, 2018, a consolidated entity in which we have a 95% interest completed and fully placed in-service Salesforce Tower,CityPoint, a Class A office project with approximately 1,421,000211,000 net rentable square feet located in Waltham, Massachusetts. As of December 31, 2020, the office portion of the property was 100% leased, including a lease with a future commencement.
On June 26, 2020, we completed the acquisition of real property at 777 Harrison Street (known as Fourth + Harrison and formerly known as 425 Fourth Street) located in San Francisco, California (See Notes 10for a gross purchase price, including entitlements, totaling approximately $140.1 million. On July 31, 2020 and 19December 16, 2020, we acquired real property at 759 Harrison Street located in San Francisco, California, which is expected to be included in the Consolidated Financial Statements). Including leasesFourth + Harrison development project, for an aggregate purchase price totaling approximately $4.5 million. 759 Harrison Street and Fourth + Harrison are expected to support the development of approximately 850,000 square feet of primarily commercial office space.
On August 15, 2020, we completed and fully placed in-service The Skylyne, an approximately 331,000 square foot project comprised of 402 residential units and retail space located in Oakland, California.
On November 3, 2020, we signed an approximately 138,000 square-foot, 10-year lease with future commencement dates,a new tenant at 200 West Street in Waltham, Massachusetts. We are currently redeveloping a portion of 200 West Street into life sciences space with expected completion in 2021. With this lease, the property is 100% leased.
Ground Lease Arrangement
On NovemberJuly 29, 2018,2020, we executedentered into a 65-year99-year ground lease with a third-party hotel developer for land totaling approximately 5.6 acres at Platform 16our Reston Next property located in San Jose, California,Reston, Virginia, which will support the development of a 270-room, approximately 1.1 million241,000 square feet of commercial office space.foot hotel property. The lease commenced on October 21, 2020 and, upon commencement, we performed classification testing. The ground lease provides usis subject to termination rights with respect to the righthotel developer’s ability to purchaseobtain construction financing for the land during a 12-month period commencing inproperty and, as of the 13th month following the rentlease commencement date, at a purchase price of approximately $134.8 million. We made a deposit totaling $15.0 million, which deposit may onlywe were not reasonably certain that those termination rights would not be credited against the purchase price of the land. Our option to purchase the land is considered a bargain purchase optionexercised and as a result,such we have concluded that the lease should be accounted for this as a capital lease. At the inception of the groundan operating lease only a portion of the land was available for lease from the lessor (See Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). As a result, we recorded an approximately $12.4 million capital lease asset and liability, which is reflected within Real Estate (Land Held for Future Development) and Other Liabilitiesthat will expire on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, reflecting the portion of the land available for lease from the lessor under the ground lease. Capital lease assets and liabilities are accounted for at the lower of fair market value or the present value of future minimum lease payments. The capital lease is for land only. Therefore, we will not depreciate the capital lease asset because land is assumed to have an indefinite life.August 28, 2022.
Unsecured Debt Transactions
On April 24, 2018, BPLP exercised its option to draw $500.0 million on its delayed draw term loan facility ("Delayed Draw Facility"). The Delayed Draw Facility bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 0.90% per annum based on BPLP's December 31, 2018 credit rating and matures on April 24, 2022.
On November 28, 2018,May 5, 2020, BPLP completed a public offering of $1.0$1.25 billion in aggregate principal amount of its 4.500%3.250% unsecured senior notes due 2028.2031. The notes were priced at 99.641%99.850% of the principal amount to yield an effective rate (including financing fees) of approximately 4.628%3.343% per annum to maturity. The notes will mature on December 1, 2028,January 30, 2031, unless earlier redeemed. The aggregate net proceeds from the offering were approximately $988.1 million$1.24 billion, after deducting underwriting discounts and transaction expenses.
On December 13, 2018, BPLP completed the redemption of $700.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 5.875% senior notes due October 15, 2019. The redemption price was approximately $722.6 million. The redemption price included approximately $6.6 million of accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date. Excluding the accrued and unpaid interest, the redemption price was approximately 102.28% of the principal amount being redeemed. We recognized a loss from early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $16.5 million, which amount included the payment of the redemption premium totaling approximately $16.0 million.
Equity TransactionTransactions
During the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, BXP acquired an aggregate of 83,136856,811 common units of limited partnership interest, including 48,38988,168 common units issued upon the conversion of LTIP Units, 2012 OPP Units, 2013 MYLTIP Units, 2014 MYLTIP Units, 2015 MYLTIP Units, 2016 MYLTIP Units and 20142017 MYLTIP Units presented by the holders for redemption, in exchange for an equal number of shares of BXP common stock.
Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
On April 19, 2018,January 28, 2020, we entered into a joint venture with a third party to own, operate and develop properties at our Gateway Commons complex located in South San Francisco, California. We contributed our 601, 611 and 651 Gateway properties and development rights with an agreed upon value aggregating approximately $350.0 million for our 50% interest in the joint venture (See Note 3). 601, 611 and 651 Gateway consist of three Class A office properties aggregating approximately 768,000 net rentable square feet. The partner contributed three properties and development rights with an agreed upon value aggregating approximately $280.8 million at closing and will contribute cash totaling approximately $69.2 million in the future for its 50% ownership interest in the joint
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venture. As a result of the partner’s deferred contribution, we had an initial approximately 55% interest in the joint venture. Future development projects will be owned 49% by us and 51% by our partner (See “Dispositions” above).
On February 20, 2020, a joint venture in which we have a 55% interest acquired the land underlying the ground lease at its Platform 16 property located in San Jose, California for a purchase price totaling approximately $134.8 million. The joint venture had previously made a deposit totaling $15.0 million, which was credited against the purchase price. Platform 16 consists of a parcel of land totaling approximately 5.6 acres that is expected to support the development of approximately 1.1 million square feet of commercial office space.
On June 9, 2020, a joint venture in which we have a 20% interest refinanced with a new lender the mortgage loan collateralized by its Metropolitan Square property located in Washington, DC. The outstanding balance of the loan totaled approximately $155.9 million, bore interest at a fixed rate of 5.75% per annum and was scheduled to mature on August 5, 2020. The new mortgage loan totaling $325.0 million, of which $288.0 million was advanced at closing, bears interest at a variable rate equal to (1) the greater of (x) LIBOR or (y) 0.65%, plus (2) 4.75% per annum, and matures on July 7, 2022, with two, one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions. The joint venture entered into an interest rate cap agreement with a financial institution to limit its exposure to increases in the LIBOR rate at a cap of 3.00% per annum on a notional amount of $325.0 million through July 7, 2022. The joint venture distributed excess loan proceeds from the new mortgage loan totaling approximately $112.7 million, of which our share totaled approximately $22.5 million. Metropolitan Square is a Class A office property with approximately 654,000 net rentable square feet.
On June 25, 2020, a joint venture in which we have a 50% interest obtained construction financingcompleted the sale of Annapolis Junction Building Eight and two land parcels located in Annapolis, Maryland for a gross sale price of $47.0 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $45.8 million after the payment of transaction costs. We recognized a gain on sale of real estate totaling approximately $5.8 million, which is included in Income (Loss) from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. The joint venture distributed approximately $36.8 million of available cash and the net proceeds from the sale after the pay down of the mortgage loan, of which our share totaled approximately $18.4 million. Annapolis Junction Building Eight is an approximately 126,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property, which is vacant. The two land parcels will support the development of approximately 300,000 square feet of commercial office space with one parcel currently containing surface parking for approximately 511 vehicles.
On June 25, 2020, in conjunction with the joint venture’s sale of Annapolis Junction Building Eight, the joint venture in which we have a total commitment of $180.0 million50% interest modified the mortgage loan collateralized by its Hub on Causeway - Residential development project.  The construction financing bearsAnnapolis Junction Building Seven and Building Eight with the release of Annapolis Junction Building Eight as collateral under the loan in exchange for a principal pay down of approximately $16.1 million using a portion of the net proceeds from the sale of the property. At the time of the modification, the outstanding balance of the loan totaled approximately $34.5 million, bore interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.00%2.35% per annum and was scheduled to mature on June 30, 2020. The modified mortgage loan totaling approximately $18.4 million is collateralized by Annapolis Junction Building Seven, continues to bear interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.35% per annum and matures on April 19, 2022,March 25, 2021. Annapolis Junction Building Seven is a Class A office property with two, one-year extension options, subjectapproximately 127,000 net rentable square feet located in Annapolis, Maryland.
On July 23, 2020, we acquired a 50% interest in a joint venture entity that owns Beach Cities Media Campus, a 6.4-acre parcel of land located in El Segundo, California, for a purchase price of approximately $21.2 million. Beach Cities Media Campus is expected to certain conditions. Assupport the development of December 31, 2018, approximately $40.5 million has been drawn under the loan.  The Hub on Causeway - Residential is275,000 square feet of Class A office space.
On July 24, 2020, a joint venture in which we have a 50% interest completed and fully placed in-service Hub50House, an approximately 320,000 square foot project comprised of 440 residential units located in Boston, Massachusetts.

On April 27, 2018, a joint venture in which we have a 60% interest refinanced the mortgage loan collateralized by its 540 Madison Avenue property located in New York City totaling $120.0 million.  The mortgage loan bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 1.10% per annum and matures on June 5, 2023.  The previous mortgage loan bore interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 1.50% per annum and was scheduled to mature on June 5, 2018.  540 Madison Avenue is an approximately 284,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property.
On July 13, 2018,September 1, 2020, we entered into a joint venturean agreement with a third party to acquire a development site at 3 Hudson Boulevard that, upon the future acquisition of additional available development rights, can accommodate a Class A office tower with up to 2.0 million net rentable square feet located on the entire square block between 11th Avenue and Hudson Boulevard Park from West 34th Street to West 35th Streetour partner in New York City.  We own a 25% interest in, and are the managing member of the joint venture.  The acquisition includes improvements consisting of excavation work and foundation elements that are currently being constructed on the site. We contributed cash totaling approximately $45.6 million at closing and will contribute approximately $62.2 million in the future for our initial capital contribution, a portion of which will fund the remaining costs to complete the foundation elements to grade for the future office building.  In addition, we provided $80.0 million of mortgage financing to the joint venture that bears interest atowns 1265 Main Street located in Waltham, Massachusetts to (1) form additional joint ventures to own and develop a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 3.50% per annum and matures on July 13, 2023, with extension options, subject to certain conditions. The loan has been reflected as a Related Party Note Receivable on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
On July 19, 2018, we entered into a joint venture with Canada Pension Plan Investment Board ("CPPIB") to acquire Santa Monica Business Park in the Ocean Park neighborhood of Santa Monica, California for a net purchase price of approximately $626.7 million, including $11.5 million of seller funded leasing costs after the effective date of the purchase and sale agreement. Santa Monica Business Park is a 47-acre office park consisting of 21 buildings totalingmixed-use property containing approximately 1.2 million net rentable square feet. Approximately 70%feet to be developed in phases on an approximately 41-acre site adjacent to 1265 Main Street and (2) share the costs of the rentable square footage is subject to a ground leasecertain offsite infrastructure improvements with 80 years remaining, including renewal periods. The ground lease provides theour joint venture with the right to purchase thepartner and other third-party abutting land underlying the properties in 2028 with subsequent purchase rights every 15 years. CPPIB invested approximately $147.0 million for a 45% ownership interest in the joint venture. We are providing customary operating, property management and leasing services to, and invested approximately $179.7 million, in the joint venture. The acquisition was completed with $300.0 million of financing. The mortgage financing bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 1.28% per annum and matures on July 19, 2025. At closing, the borrower under the loan, which is a subsidiary of the joint venture, entered into interest rate swap contracts with notional amounts aggregating $300.0 million through April 1, 2025, resulting in a fixed rate of approximately 4.063% per annum through the expiration of the interest rate swap contracts. (See Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
On July 27, 2018, we entered into a joint venture with our partner at The Hub on Causeway mixed-use development in Boston, Massachusetts to acquire the air rights for the development of an approximately 627,000 net rentable square foot Class A office tower at the site to be known as 100 Causeway Street. In addition, the joint venture entered into a lease agreement with an affiliate of Verizon Communications, Inc., under which Verizon will lease approximately 70% of the office tower for a term of 20 years. With the execution of the lease, the joint venture commenced development of the project.owners. We will serve as the co-developmentdevelopment manager for the project. The joint venture partner contributed an air rights parcel and improvements, withexpect to own a fair value of approximately $41.3 million, for its initial 50% interest in each of the joint venture. We contributed improvements totaling approximately $3.9 million and will contribute cash totaling approximately $37.4 million for our initial 50% interest.ventures.
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On November 16, 2018,September 30, 2020, a joint venture in which we have a 50% interest extended the mortgage loan collateralized by its Annapolis Junction Building SixMarket Square North property. At the time of the extension, the outstanding balance of the loan totaled approximately $13.1$114.2 million, bore interest at a fixed rate of 4.85% per annum and was scheduled to mature on October 1, 2020. The extended loan was scheduled to mature on November 1, 2020. On October 30, 2020, the joint venture refinanced the mortgage loan. The outstanding balance of the loan totaled approximately $114.2 million, bore interest at a fixed rate of 4.85% per annum and was scheduled to mature on November 17, 2018.1, 2020. The new mortgage loan totals $125.0 million, bears interest at a variable rate equal to (1) the greater of (x) LIBOR or (y) 0.50%, plus (2) 2.30% per annum, and matures on November 10, 2025, with one, one-year extension option, subject to certain conditions. Market Square North is a Class A office property with approximately 418,000 net rentable square feet.
On October 1, 2020, a joint venture in which we have a 50% interest completed and fully placed in-service Dock 72, a Class A office project with approximately 669,000 net rentable square feet located in Brooklyn, New York that is 33% leased. During December 2020, we recognized a non-cash impairment charge totaling approximately $60.5 million, which represented the other-than temporary decline in the fair value below the carrying value of our investment in the unconsolidated joint venture that owns Dock 72. The non-cash impairment charge was the result of an increase in costs and an extension of the projected period to fully lease the property and lower projected rental rates due to the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in a current fair value that was less than the carrying value of our investment. We assessed the impairment and concluded that it was other than temporary. We determined that our valuation of the investment was categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, as it utilized significant unobservable inputs in its assessment including an exit capitalization rate of 5.25%, a discount rate on our equity investment (the property is encumbered by mortgage debt) of 8.0% and an average lease commencement on currently vacant space of mid-2023. In addition, on December 14, 2020, the joint venture extended the mortgage loan collateralized by the property. At the time of the extension, the outstanding balance of the loan totaled approximately $198.6 million, bore interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.25% per annum and was scheduled to mature on December 18, 2020. The extended mortgage loan has a total commitment amount of approximately $14.3$250.0 million, bears interest at an initial variable rate equal to (1) the greater of (x) LIBOR or (y) 0.25%, plus (2) 2.85% per annum and matures on December 18, 2023.
On November 13, 2020, a joint venture in which we have a 50% interest extended the mortgage loan collateralized by its Annapolis Junction Building Six property located in Annapolis, Maryland. At the time of the extension, the outstanding balance of the loan totaled approximately $12.0 million, bore interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.00% per annum and was scheduled to mature on November 17, 2020. The extended mortgage loan has a total commitment amount of approximately $13.2 million, bears interest at a variable rate equal to (1) the greater of (x) LIBOR or (y) 0.50%, plus (2) 2.50% per annum and matures on November 17, 2019, with one, one-year extension option, subject to certain conditions.16, 2021. Annapolis Junction Building Six is a Class A office property with approximately 119,000 net rentable square feet located in Annapolis, Maryland (See Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
On December 31, 2018, we entered into a distribution agreement with our partner in the joint venture in which we have a 50% interest and that owns Annapolis Junction. Under the agreement, the joint venture distributed its Annapolis Junction Building One property to the partner and the partner assumed the mortgage indebtedness collateralized by the property. We recognized a gain on sale of real estate totaling approximately $8.3 million, which is included within Income from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Annapolis Junction Building One is an approximately 118,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property.

feet.
Stock Option and Incentive Plan
On February 6, 2018,4, 2020, BXP’s Compensation Committee approved a new equity-based, multi-year, long-term incentive program (the “2018“2020 MYLTIP”) as a performance-based component of our overall compensation program. Under the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718 “Compensation - Stock Compensation,” the 20182020 MYLTIP has an aggregate value of approximately $13.3$13.7 million, which amount will generally be amortized into earnings over the four-year plan period under the graded vesting method (See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
On February 4, 2018,6, 2020, the measurement period for our 20152017 MYLTIP awards ended and, based on BXP’s relative TSR performance, the final awards were determined to be 22.0%83.8% of target or an aggregate of approximately $3.6$17.6 million(after giving effect to voluntary employee separations). As a result, an aggregate of 337,847 2015270,942 2017 MYLTIP Units that had been previously granted were automatically forfeited.
Business and Growth Strategies
Business Strategies
Our primary business objective is to maximize return on investment to provide our investors with the greatest possible total return in all points of the economic cycle. Our strategies to achieve this objective are:
•to target a few carefully selected geographic markets: markets—Boston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco and Washington, DC, DC—and to be one of the leading, if not the leading, developers, owners and managers in
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each of those markets with a full-service office in each market providing property management, leasing, development, construction and legal expertise. We select markets and submarkets with a diverse economic base and a deep pool of prospective tenants in various industries and where tenants have demonstrated a preference for high-quality office buildings and other facilities. Additionally, our markets have historically been able to recruit new talent to them and as such created job growth that results in growth in rental rates and occupancy over time. We have explored, and may continue to explore for future investment, select domestic and international markets that exhibit these same traits;traits, including specifically Seattle;
•to emphasize markets and submarkets within those markets where the difficulty of receiving the necessary approvals for development and the necessary financing constitute high barriers to the creation of new supply, and where skill, financial strength and diligence are required to successfully develop, finance and manage high-quality office research and developmentlife sciences space, as well as selected retail and residential space;
•to take on complex, technically challenging development projects, leveraging the skills of our management team to successfully develop, acquire or reposition properties that other organizations may not have the capacity or resources to pursue;
•to own and develop high-quality real estate designed to meet the demands of today’s tenants who require sophisticated telecommunications and related infrastructure, support services, sustainable features and amenities, and to manage those facilities so as to become the landlord of choice for both existing and prospective clients;
•to opportunistically acquire assets that increase our market share in the markets in which we have chosen to concentrate, as well as potential new markets, which exhibit an opportunity to improve returns through repositioning (through a combination of capital improvements and shift in marketing strategy), changes in management focus and leasing;
•to explore joint venture opportunities with (1) existing property owners located in desirable locations, who seek to benefit from the depth of development and management expertise we are able to provide and our access to capital and/or to explore joint venture opportunities withand (2) strategic institutional partners, leveraging our skills as developers, owners and managers of Class A office space and mixed-use complexes;
•to pursue on a selective basis the sale of properties or interests therein, including core properties, to either (1) take advantage of the demand for our premier properties and realize the value we have created or (2) pare from our portfolio properties that we believe have slower future growth potential;

•to seek third-party development contracts to enable us to retain and utilize our existing development and construction management staff, especially when our internal development is less active or when new development is less-warranted due to market conditions; and
•to enhance our capital structure through our access to a variety of sources of capital and proactively manage our debt expirations. In the current economic climate with relatively low interest rates we have and will continue to attempt to lower the cost of our debt capital and seek opportunities to lock in such low rates through early debt repayment, refinancings and interest rate hedges.
Growth Strategies
External Growth Strategies
We believe that our development experience, our organizational depth and our balance sheet position us to continue to selectively develop a range of property types, including high-rise urban developments, mixed-use developments (including office, residential and retail), low-rise suburban office properties and research and laboratorylife sciences space, within budget and on schedule. We believe we are also well positionedwell-positioned to achieve external growth through acquisitions. Other factors that contribute to our competitive position include:
•our control of sites (including sites under contract or option to acquire) in our markets that could support in excess of 17.1approximately 16.7 million additional square feet of new office, life sciences, retail and residential development;
•our reputation gained through 4951 years of successful operations and the stability and strength of our existing portfolio of properties;
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•our relationships with leading national corporations, universities and public institutions, including government agencies, seeking new facilities and development services;
•our relationships with nationally recognized financial institutions that provide capital to the real estate industry;
•our track record and reputation for executing acquisitions efficiently provide comfort to domestic and foreign institutions, private investors and corporations who seek to sell commercial real estate in our market areas;
•our ability to act quickly on due diligence and financing;
•our relationships with institutional buyers and sellers of high-quality real estate assets;
•our ability to procure entitlements from multiple municipalities to develop sites and attract land owners to sell or partner with us; and
•our relationship with domestic and foreign investors who seek to partner with companies like ours.
Opportunities to execute our external growth strategy fall into three categories:
•Development in selected submarkets. We believe the selected development of well-positioned office, buildings,life sciences and residential buildings and mixed-use complexes may be justified in our markets. We believe in acquiring land after taking into consideration timing factors relating to economic cycles and in response to market conditions that allow for its development at the appropriate time. While we purposely concentrate in markets with high barriers-to-entry, we have demonstrated throughout our 49-year51-year history, an ability to make carefully timed land acquisitions in submarkets where we can become one of the market leaders in establishing rent and other business terms. We believe that there are opportunities at key locations in our existing and other markets for a well-capitalized developer to acquire land with development potential.
In the past, we have been particularly successful at acquiring sites or options to purchase sites that need governmental approvals for development. Because of our development expertise, knowledge of the governmental approval process and reputation for quality development with local government regulatory bodies, we generally have been able to secure the permits necessary to allow development and to profit from the resulting increase in land value. We seek complex projects where we can add value through the efforts of our experienced and skilled management team leading to attractive returns on investment.

Our strong regional relationships and recognized development expertise have enabled us to capitalize on unique build-to-suit opportunities. We intend to seek and expect to continue to be presented with such opportunities in the near term allowing us to earn relatively significant returns on these development opportunities through multiple business cycles.
•Acquisition of assets and portfolios of assets from institutions or individuals. We believe that due to our size, management strength and reputation, we are well positioned to acquire portfolios of assets or individual properties from institutions or individuals if valuations meet our criteria. In addition, we believe that our market knowledge and our liquidity and access to capital may provide us with a competitive advantage when pursuing acquisitions. Opportunities to acquire properties may also come through the purchase of first mortgage or mezzanine debt. We are also able to appeal to sellers wishing to contribute on a tax-deferred basis their ownership of property for equity in a diversified real estate operating company that offers liquidity through access to the public equity markets in addition to a quarterly distribution. Our ability to offer common and preferred units of limited partnership in BPLP to sellers who would otherwise recognize a taxable gain upon a sale of assets for cash or BXP’s common stock may facilitate this type of transaction on a tax-efficient basis. Recent Treasury Regulations,regulations may limit certain of the tax benefits previously available to sellers in these transactions.
•Acquisition of underperforming assets and portfolios of assets. We believe that because of our in-depth market knowledge and development experience in each of our markets, our national reputation with brokers, financial institutions, owners of real estate and others involved in the real estate market and our access to competitively-priced capital, we are well-positioned to identify and acquire existing, underperforming properties for competitive prices and to add significant additional value to such properties
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through our effective marketing strategies, repositioning/redevelopment expertise and a responsive property management program.
Internal Growth Strategies
We believe that opportunities will exist to increase cash flow from our existing properties through an increase in occupancy and rental rates because they are of high quality and in desirable locations. Additionally, our markets have diversified economies that have historically experienced job growth and increased use of office space, resulting in growth in rental rates and occupancy over time. Our strategy for maximizing the benefits from these opportunities is three-fold: (1) to provide high-quality property management services using our employees in order to encourage tenants to renew, expand and relocate in our properties, (2) to achieve speed and transaction cost efficiency in replacing departing tenants through the use of in-house services for marketing, lease negotiation and construction of tenant and capital improvements and (3) to work with new or existing tenants with space expansion or contraction needs, leveraging our expertise and clustering of assets to maximize the cash flow from our assets. We expect to continue our internal growth as a result of our ability to:
•Cultivate existing submarkets and long-term relationships with credit tenants. In choosing locations for our properties, we have paid particular attention to transportation and commuting patterns, physical environment, adjacency to established business centers and amenities, proximity to sources of business growth and other local factors.
The averageweighted-average lease term of our in-place leases, including leases signed by our unconsolidated joint ventures, was approximately 7.57.4 years at December 31, 2018,2020, and we continue to cultivate long-term leasing relationships with a diverse base of high-quality, financially stable tenants. Based on leases in place at December 31, 2018,2020, leases with respect to approximately 6.0%8.1% of the total square feet in our portfolio, including unconsolidated joint ventures, will expire in calendar year 2019.2021.
•Directly manage our office properties to maximize the potential for tenant retention. We provide property management services ourselves, rather than contracting for this service, to maintain awareness of and responsiveness to tenant needs. We and our properties also benefit from cost efficiencies produced by an experienced work force attentive to preventive maintenance and energy management and from our continuing programs to assure that our property management personnel at all levels remain aware of their important role in tenant relations. In addition, we reinvest in our properties by adding new services and amenities that are desirable to our tenants.

•Replace tenants quickly at best available market terms and lowest possible transaction costs. We believe that we are well-positioned to attract new tenants and achieve relatively high rental and occupancy rates as a result of our well-located, well-designed and well-maintained properties, our reputation for high-quality building services and responsiveness to tenants, and our ability to offer expansion and relocation alternatives within our submarkets.
•Extend terms of existing leases to existing tenants prior to expiration. We have also successfully structured early tenant renewals, which have reduced the cost associated with lease downtime while securing the tenancy of our highest quality credit-worthy tenants on a long-term basis and enhancing relationships.
•Re-development of existing assets. We believe the select re-development of assets within our portfolio, where through the ability to increase the building size and/or to increase cash flow and generate appropriate returns on incremental investment after consideration of the asset’s current and future cash flows, may be desirable. This generally occurs in situations in which we are able to increase the building’s size, improve building systems, including conversion to higher yielding life sciences uses, and sustainability features, and/or add tenant amenities, thereby increasing tenant demand, generating acceptable returns on incremental investment and enhancing the long-term value of the property and the company. In the past, we have been particularly successful at gaining local government approval for increased density at several of our assets, providing the opportunity to enhance value at a particular location. Our strong regional relationships and recognized re-development expertise have enabled us to capitalize on unique build-to-suit opportunities. We intend to seek and expect to continue to be presented with such opportunities in the near term allowing us to earn attractive returns on these development opportunities through multiple business cycles.
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Sustainability
Our Sustainability Strategy
We actively work to promote our growth and operations in a sustainable and responsible manner across our five regions. The BXP sustainability strategy is to conduct our business, the development and operation of new and existing buildings, in a manner that contributes to positive economic, social and environmental outcomes for our customers, shareholders, employees and the communities we serve. Our investment philosophy is shaped by our core strategy of long-term ownership and our commitment to our communities and the centers of commerce and civic life that make them thrive. We are focused on developing and maintaining healthy, high-performance buildings, while simultaneously mitigating operational costs and the potential external impacts of energy, water, waste, greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. To that end, we have publicly adopted long-term energy, emissions, water and waste goals that establish aggressive reduction targets and have been aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. BXP is a corporate member of the U.S. Green Building Council® (“USGBC”) and has a long history of owning, developing and operating properties that are certified under USGBC’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design™ (LEED®) rating system. In 2018, we announced a partnership with a leading healthy building certification system, Fitwel, to support healthy building design and operational practices across our portfolio, becoming a Fitwel Champion. We completed our Fitwel Champion commitments in 2019, adding 12.4 million square feet of Fitwel certified buildings.
In addition, we have been an active participant in the green bond market since 2018, which provides access to sustainability-focused investors interested in the positive environmental externalities of our business activities. BXP and its employees also make a social impact through charitable giving, volunteerism, public realm investments and diversity and inclusion. Through these efforts, we demonstrate that operating and developing commercial real estate can be conducted with a conscious regard for the environment and wider society while mutually benefiting our stakeholders.
Industry Leadership in Sustainability
We continue to be recognized as an industry leader in sustainability. In 2020, BXP ranked among the top real estate companies in the Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmark (“GRESB”) assessment, earning a fifth consecutive 5 Star rating, the highest rating and recognition for being an industry leader. It was the ninth consecutive year that BXP earned the GRESB “Green Star” designation, achieving the highest scores in several categories, including: Data Monitoring & Review, Targets, Policies, Reporting and Leadership. BXP was also named one of America’s Most Responsible Companies by Newsweek magazine in 2020. BXP ranked 56th overall out of 400 companies included. It was the second highest ranking of all property companies and the highest ranking of any office REIT. In 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018 and 2019, BXP was selected by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“Nareit”) as a Leader in the Light Award winner. Nareit's annual Leader in the Light Awards honor Nareit member companies that have demonstrated superior and sustained sustainability practices.
BXP has adopted sustainable development and operational practices across its portfolio. BXP became a proud signatory of the We Are Still In pledge after the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, and has aligned emissions reduction targets with climate science. The SBTi Target Validation Team has classified BXP’s emissions reduction target ambition and has determined that it is in line with a 1.5°C trajectory, currently the most ambitious designation available. As of the end of 2020, BXP is one of six North American Real Estate companies with this distinction and the only North American office company in that group. We have LEED certified 28.8 million square feet of our portfolio, of which 96% is certified at the highest Gold and Platinum levels. BXP’s master lease form includes green lease clauses that support a more sustainable tenant-landlord relationship. In 2020, BXP was named a Green Lease Leader at the highest Gold level by the Institute for Market Transformation and the U.S. Department of Energy for exhibiting a strong commitment to high performance and sustainability in buildings and best practices in leasing. Through active asset management and tenant engagement, BXP has been a leader in energy efficiency and healthy building practices. In 2020 BXP was recognized by the Environmental Performance Agency (“EPA”) as an ENERGY STAR Partner of the Year for Sustained Excellence. This award is reserved for ENERGY STAR partners demonstrating outstanding leadership, year over year. Partners must perform at a superior level of energy management, demonstrate best practices across the organization and prove organization-wide energy savings. BXP was named a 2020 Best in Building Health award winner. We completed the first Fitwel Design Certified project in the world in 2019 and executed more Fitwel certifications by count and building area than any other company in 2019. BXP has 11 Fitwel Ambassadors among our Sustainability, Development and Property Management teams.
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Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (“SASB”)
The Real Estate Sustainability Accounting Standard issued by SASB in 2018 proposes sustainability accounting metrics designed for disclosure in mandatory filings, such as the Annual Report on Form 10-K, and serves as the framework against which we have aligned our disclosures for sustainability information. The recommended energy and water management activity metrics for the real estate industry include energy consumption data coverage as a percentage of floor area (“Energy Intensity”); percentage of eligible portfolio that is certified ENERGY STAR® (“ENERGY STAR certified”); total energy consumed by portfolio area (“Total Energy Consumption”); water withdrawal as a percentage of total floor area (“Water Intensity”); and total water withdrawn by portfolio area (“Total Water Consumption”). Energy and water data is collected from utility bills and submeters and is assured by a third-party, including all SASB 2019 energy and water metrics, which have been assured. During the 2019 calendar year, 45 buildings representing 42% of our eligible portfolio were ENERGY STAR certified. A licensed professional has verified all ENERGY STAR applications.
The charts below detail our Energy Intensity, Total Energy Consumption, Water Intensity and Total Water Consumption for 2015 through 2019 for which data on occupied and actively-managed properties was available.1,2,3,4,5
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(1)Full 2020 calendar year energy and water data will not be available to be assured by a third party until March 31, 2021. 2019 is the most recent year for which complete energy and water data is available and assured by a third party.
(2)The charts reflect the performance of our occupied and actively-managed office building portfolio in Boston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco and Washington, DC. Occupied office buildings are buildings with no more than 50% vacancy. Actively-managed buildings are buildings where we have operational control of building system performance and investment decisions. At the end of the 2019 calendar year, this included 102 buildings totaling 40.9 million gross square feet.
(3)Floor area is considered to have complete energy consumption data coverage when energy consumption data (i.e., energy types and amounts consumed) is obtained by us for all types of energy consumed in the relevant floor area during the calendar year, regardless of when such data was obtained.
(4)The scope of energy includes energy purchased from sources external to us and our tenants or produced by us or our tenants and energy from all sources, including fuel, gas, electricity and steam. Energy use intensity (kBtu/SF) has been weather normalized.
(5)Water sources include surface water (including water from wetlands, rivers, lakes and oceans), groundwater, rainwater collected directly and stored by the registrant, wastewater obtained from other entities, municipal water supplies or supply from other water utilities.
Climate Resilience
As a long-term owner and active manager of real estate assets in operation and under development, we take a long-term view of potential risks, including climate change. We are in the process of evaluating physical and transition risks associated with climate change. We view this as an opportunity to protect asset value by proactively assessing climate risk, implementing measures, planning and decision-making processes to protect our investments by improving resilience. We are preparing for long-term climate risk by considering climate change scenarios and will continue to assess climate change vulnerabilities resulting from potential future climate scenarios and sea level rise. In 2020, we began using Four Twenty Seven climate risk scoring to evaluate the forward-looking physical
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climate risk exposure of our entire portfolio. Event-driven (acute) and longer-term (chronic) physical risks that may result from climate change could have a material adverse effect on our properties, operations and business. Management’s role in assessing and managing these climate-related risks and initiatives is spread across multiple teams across our organization, including our executive leadership and our Sustainability, Risk Management, Development, Construction and Property Management departments. Climate resilience measures include training and implementation of emergency response plans and the engagement of our executives and BXP’s Board of Directors on climate change and other environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) aspects.
Reporting
A notable part of our commitment to sustainable development and operations is our commitment to transparent reporting of ESG performance indicators, as we recognize the importance of this information to investors, lenders and others in understanding how BXP assesses sustainability information and evaluates risks and opportunities. We publish an annual sustainability report that is aligned with the Global Reporting Initiative reporting framework, United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the SASB framework and includes our strategy, key performance indicators, annual like-for-like comparisons, achievements and historical sustainability reports, which is available on our website at http://www.bxp.com under the heading “Sustainability.” In addition, we continue to work to further align our reporting with the recommendations of the Financial Stability Board’s Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (“TCFD”) to disclose climate-related financial risks and opportunities.
In 2018 and 2019, BPLP issued an aggregate of $1.85 billion of green bonds. The terms of the green bonds have use of proceeds restrictions limiting its allocation to “eligible green projects.” We published our first Green Bond Allocation Report in June 2019, disclosing the full allocation of approximately $988 million in net proceeds from BPLP’s inaugural green bond offering to the eligible green project at our Salesforce Tower property in San Francisco, California. We recently published our September 30, 2020 Green Bond Allocation Report disclosing the full allocation of approximately $841 million in net proceeds from BPLP’s green bond offering in June 2019. The Green Bond Allocation Reports are available on our website at http://www.bxp.com under the heading “Sustainability.”
Except for the documents specifically incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K, information contained on our website or that can be accessed through our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Human Capital Management
Our company culture supports and nurtures our employees and provides a unique competitive advantage. We believe our employees are a significant distinguishing factor that sets BXP apart. As of December 31, 2020, we had approximately 750 employees. Our operational and financial performance depends on their talents, energy, experience and well-being. Our ability to attract and retain talented people depends on a number of factors, including work environment, career development and professional training, compensation and benefits, and the health, safety and wellness of our employees. We have an established reputation for excellence and integrity and these core values are inherent in our culture and play a critical role in achieving our goals and overall success.
Diversity & Inclusion
We strive to create a diverse and inclusive workplace. It has been, and will continue to be, our policy to recruit, hire, assign, promote and train in all job titles without regard to race, national origin, religion, age, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability, or protected veteran status, or any other characteristic protected by local, state, or federal laws, rules, or regulations. By implementing this policy, we aim to ensure that all employees have the opportunity to make their maximum contribution to us and to their own career goals.
In 2020, we took concrete steps to formalize and elevate our focus on diversity and equity within our company and in the communities we serve. We launched the Diversity & Inclusion Committee in early 2020 with the mission of promoting diversity, inclusion, equality and transparency as part of our culture, business activities and decision-making practices, while also providing an additional mechanism through which we can make a positive impact in the communities in which we operate. Areas of priority include recruiting, retention and professional development, review and assessment of our policies with a focus on business partner diversity and other relationships, and community outreach. In addition, our Chief Executive Officer is a signatory to the CEO Action for Diversity campaign, which is the largest CEO-driven business commitment to advance diversity and inclusion in the workplace.
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Diversity & Inclusion at BXP(1)
TOTAL WORKFORCE(2)
MANAGER & ABOVE(2)
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
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(1) As of December 31, 2020. We determine race and gender based on our employees' self-identification. Ethnic minorities are defined as those included in the EEO Ethnicity and Race Categories: Asian, Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, Native American or Pacific Islander, or multiracial background.
(2) Represents percentages for all of our employees excluding union employees for which the unions control all aspects of the hiring process.
Culture & Employee Engagement
We believe that the success of our business is tied to the quality of our workforce, and we strive to maintain a corporate environment without losing the entrepreneurial spirit with which we were founded more than 50 years ago. By providing a quality workplace and comprehensive benefit programs, we recognize the commitment of our employees to bring their talent, energy and experience to us. Our continued success is attributable to our employees’ expertise and dedication.
We conduct employee engagement surveys to monitor our employees’ satisfaction in all aspects of their employment, including leadership, communication, development and benefits offerings. Employee responsiveness to the engagements surveys have been consistently high and the results help inform us on matters that our employees view as key contributors to a positive work experience. Based on the employee engagement survey conducted in 2020, with 93% responsiveness, the overall company-wide favorability result was a “very favorable” rating with ratings exceeding 80% favorability in all categories.
The success of our efforts in the workplace is demonstrated by the satisfaction and long tenure of our employees, 32% of whom have worked at BXP for ten or more years. The average tenure of our employees is approximately 9.8 years and that of our executive leadership is 18.2 years. In 2020, our total workforce turnover rate was 10.2%, which is below the total turnover rate of 18.0% reported in the Nareit 2020 Compensation & Benefits Survey (based on 2019 data).
Career Development & Training
We invest significant resources in our employees’ personal and professional growth and development and provide a wide range of tools and development opportunities that build and strengthen employees’ leadership and professional skills. These development opportunities include in-person and virtual training sessions, in-house learning opportunities, various management trainings, departmental conferences, executive townhalls and external programs.
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One particularly relevant training that was offered to all employees in 2020 was Unconscious/Implicit Bias training. We offered this training as part of our commitment to recognize that we all have a role to play to mitigate unconscious bias in the work environment and support an inclusive workforce. We strive for a truly inclusive environment where all employees feel valued and provided the opportunity to succeed.This training, coupled with other trainings and initiatives, aims to enhance awareness, knowledge, collaboration and teamwork and overall enrich our culture.
Compensation & Benefits
Our employee benefit programs are designed to meet the needs of our diverse workforce, support our employees and their families by offering comprehensive programs that provide flexibility and choice in coverage, make available valuable resources to protect and enhance financial security and help balance work and personal life. Some of the benefits that we offer our employees include:
•health, telehealth, dental and vision insurance,
•a 401(k) plan with a generous matching contribution,
•an employee stock purchase plan,
•health care and dependent care reimbursement accounts,
•income protection through our sick pay, salary continuation and long-term disability policies,
•a scholarship program for the children of non-officer employees,
•a commuter subsidy to support the use of public transportation,
•tuition reimbursement, and
•paid vacation, holiday, personal and volunteer days to balance work and personal life.
Health, Safety & Wellness
As one of the largest publicly-traded office REITs (based on total market capitalization as of December 31, 2020) in the United States, we are keenly aware of the influence of buildings on human health and its importance to our tenants and employees. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, our focus on healthy buildings has become even more important. The health, safety and security of our employees, tenants, contractors and others is our highest priority. In early 2020, we convened a Health Security Task Force of subject matter experts from both inside and outside BXP to develop the BXP Health Security Plan, which we published in May of 2020. The BXP Health Security Plan is a comprehensive set of building operational measures, including cleaning and disinfection, air and water quality, physical distancing, screening and personal protective equipment and health security communication. We conduct health and security quality audits to ensure implementation and effectiveness of the plan at our properties.
We believe the success of our employees is dependent upon their overall well-being, including their physical health, mental health, work-life balance and financial well-being. In addition to the benefits outlined above, we also offer our employees an Employee Wellness Program and an Employee Assistance Program. The Employee Wellness Program was established in 2016 to encourage employees to improve their health and well-being by offering activities facilitated through an engaging and personalized approach. Program participants receive a reduction in their health insurance deduction cost. The Employee Assistance Program includes services for childcare, eldercare, personal relationship information, financial planning assistance, stress management, mental illness and general wellness and self-help.
Policies with Respect to Certain Activities
The discussion below sets forth certain additional information regarding our investment, financing and other policies. These policies have been determined by BXP’s Board of Directors and, in general, may be amended or revised from time to time by the Board of Directors.
Investment Policies
Investments in Real Estate or Interests in Real Estate
Our investment objectives are to provide quarterly cash dividends/distributions to our securityholders and to achieve long-term capital appreciation through increases in our value. We have not established a specific policy regarding the relative priority of these investment objectives.
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We expect to continue to pursue our investment objectives primarily through the ownership of our current properties, development projects and other acquired properties. We currently intend to continue to invest primarily in developments of properties and acquisitions of existing improved properties or properties in need of redevelopment, and acquisitions of land that we believe have development potential, primarily in our existing markets of Boston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco and Washington, DC.DC and the target market of Seattle. We have explored and may continue to explore for future investment select domestic and international markets that exhibit these same traits. Future investment or development activities will not be limited to a specified percentage of our assets. We intend to engage in such future investment or development activities in a manner that is consistent with the maintenance of BXP’s status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. In addition, we may purchase or lease income-producing commercial and other types of properties for long-term investment, expand and improve the real estate presently owned or other properties purchased, or sell such real estate properties, in whole or in part, when circumstances warrant. We do not have a policy that restricts the amount or percentage of assets that will be invested in any specific property, however, our investments may be restricted by our debt covenants.
We may also continue to participate with third parties in property ownership, through joint ventures or other types of co-ownership. These investments may permit us to own interests in larger assets without unduly restricting diversification and, therefore, add flexibility in structuring our portfolio.
Equity investments may be subject to existing mortgage financing and other indebtedness or such financing or indebtedness as may be incurred in connection with acquiring or refinancing these investments. Debt service on such financing or indebtedness will have a priority over any distributions with respect to BXP’s common stock. Investments are also subject to our policy not to be treated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).

Investments in Real Estate Mortgages
While our current portfolio consists primarily of, and our business objectives emphasize, equity investments in commercial real estate, we may, at the discretion of the Board of Directors of BXP, invest in mortgages and other types of real estate interests consistent with BXP’s qualification as a REIT. Investments in real estate mortgages run the risk that one or more borrowers may default under such mortgages and that the collateral securing such mortgages may not be sufficient to enable us to recoup our full investment. We may invest in participating, convertible or traditional mortgages if we conclude that we may benefit from the cash flow, or any appreciation in value of the property or as an entrance to the fee ownership. As of December 31, 2018,2020, we had twothree note receivables outstanding, which aggregated approximately $99.5$96.3 million.
Securities of or Interests in Entities Primarily Engaged in Real Estate Activities
Subject to the percentage of ownership limitations and gross income and asset tests necessary for BXP’s REIT qualification, we also may invest in securities of other REITs, other entities engaged in real estate activities or securities of other issuers, including for the purpose of exercising control over such entities.
Dispositions
Our decisionWe decide to dispose or partially dispose of properties is based upon the periodic review of our portfolio and the determination by the Board of Directors of BXP that such action would bedoing so is in our best interests. Any decision to dispose of a property will be authorized by the Board of Directors of BXP or a committee thereof. Some holders of limited partnership interests in BPLP could incur adverse tax consequences upon the sale of certain of our properties that differ from the tax consequences to BXP. Consequently, holders of limited partnership interests in BPLP may have different objectives regarding the appropriate pricing and timing of any such sale. Such different tax treatment derives in most cases from the fact that we acquired these properties in exchange for partnership interests in contribution transactions structured to allow the prior owners to defer taxable gain. Generally, this deferral continues so long as we do not dispose of the properties in a taxable transaction. Unless a sale by us of these properties is structured as a like-kind exchange under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended or the Code(the “Code”), or in a manner that otherwise allows deferral to continue, recognition of the deferred tax gain allocable to these prior owners is generally triggered by a sale. As of December 31, 2018,2020, we havehad no properties that arewere subject to a tax protection agreement.
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Financing Policies
The agreement of limited partnership of BPLP and BXP’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws do not limit the amount or percentage of indebtedness that we may incur. Further, we do not have a policy limiting the amount of indebtedness that we may incur, nor have we established any limit on the number or amount of mortgages that may be placed on any single property or on our portfolio as a whole. However, our mortgages, credit facilities, joint venture agreements and unsecured debt securities contain customary restrictions, requirements and other limitations on our ability to incur indebtedness. In addition, we evaluate the impact of incremental leverage on our debt metrics and the credit ratings of BPLP'sBPLP’s publicly traded debt. A reduction in BPLP’s credit ratings could result in us borrowing money at higher interest rates.
The Board of Directors of BXP will consider a number of factors when evaluating our level of indebtedness and when making decisions regarding the incurrence of indebtedness, including the purchase price of properties to be acquired with debt financing, the estimated market value of our properties upon refinancing, the entering into agreements such as interest rate swaps, caps, floors and other interest rate hedging contracts and the ability of particular properties and us as a whole to generate cash flow to cover expected debt service.
Policies with Respect to Other Activities
As the sole general partner of BPLP, BXP has the authority to issue additional common and preferred units of limited partnership interest of BPLP. BXP has issued, and may in the future issue, common or preferred units of limited partnership interest to persons who contribute their direct or indirect interests in properties to us in exchange for such common or preferred units. We have not engaged in trading, underwriting or agency distribution or sale of securities of issuers other than BXP and BPLP does not intend to do so. At all times, we intend to make investments in such a manner as to enable BXP to maintain its qualification as a REIT, unless, due to changes in circumstances or to the tax code,Code, the Board of Directors of BXP determines that it is no longer in the best interest of BXP to qualify as a REIT. We may make loans to third parties, including, without limitation, to joint ventures in which we participate or in connection with the disposition of a property. We intend to make investments in such a

way that we will not be treated as an investment company under the 1940 Act. Our policies with respect to these and other activities may be reviewed and modified or amended from time to time by the Board of Directors of BXP.
SustainabilityGovernmental Regulations
As oneGeneral
Compliance with various governmental regulations has an impact on our business, including our capital expenditures, earnings and competitive position, which can be material. We incur costs to monitor and take actions to comply with governmental regulations that are applicable to our business, which include, among others, (1) federal securities laws and regulations, (2) applicable stock exchange requirements, and (3) federal, state and local laws and regulations related to (a) our status as a REIT and other tax laws and regulations, and (b) real property, the improvements thereon and the operation thereof, such as laws and regulations relating to the environment, health and safety, zoning, usage, building, fire and life safety codes, (4) the requirements of the largest developers, owners and managersOffice of primarily Class A office properties inForeign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury and (5) the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. In addition to the discussion below, see “Item 1A – Risk Factors” for a discussion of these governmental regulations and other material risks to us, including, to the extent material, to our competitive position, and see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” together with our consolidated financial statements, including the related notes included therein, for a discussion of material information relevant to an assessment of our financial condition and results of operations, including, to the extent material, the effects that compliance with governmental regulations may have upon our capital expenditures and earnings.
Environmental Matters
It is our policy to retain independent environmental consultants to conduct or update Phase I environmental assessments (which generally do not involve invasive techniques such as soil or ground water sampling) and asbestos surveys in connection with our acquisition of properties. These pre-purchase environmental assessments have not revealed environmental conditions that we actively workbelieve will have a material adverse effect on our business, assets, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity, and we are not otherwise aware of environmental conditions with respect to promote our growthproperties that we believe would have such a material adverse effect. However, from time to time environmental conditions at our properties have required and may in the future require environmental testing and/or regulatory filings, as well as remedial action. 
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For example, in February 1999, we (through a joint venture) acquired from Exxon Corporation a property in Massachusetts that was formerly used as a petroleum bulk storage and distribution facility and was known by the state regulatory authority to contain soil and groundwater contamination. We developed an office park on the property. We engaged a specially licensed environmental consultant to oversee the management of contaminated soil and groundwater that was disturbed in the course of construction. Under the property acquisition agreement, Exxon agreed to (1) bear the liability arising from releases or discharges of oil and hazardous substances which occurred at the site prior to our ownership, (2) continue monitoring and/or remediating such releases and discharges as necessary and appropriate to comply with applicable requirements, and (3) indemnify us for certain losses arising from preexisting site conditions. Any indemnity claim may be subject to various defenses and contractual limitations, including time limits, and there can be no assurance that the amounts paid under the indemnity, if any, would be sufficient to cover the liabilities arising from any such releases and discharges. 
Environmental investigations at some of our properties and certain properties owned by our affiliates have identified groundwater contamination migrating from off-site source properties. In each case we engaged a licensed environmental consultant to perform the necessary investigations and assessments, and to prepare any required submittals to the regulatory authorities. In each case the environmental consultant concluded that the properties qualify under the regulatory program or the regulatory practice for a status which eliminates certain deadlines for conducting response actions at a site. We also believe that these properties qualify for liability relief under certain statutory provisions or regulatory practices regarding upgradient releases. Although we believe that the current or former owners of the upgradient source properties may bear responsibility for some or all of the costs of addressing the identified groundwater contamination, we will take such further response actions (if any) that we deem necessary or advisable. Other than periodic testing at some of these properties, no such additional response actions are anticipated at this time. 
Some of our properties and certain properties owned by our affiliates are located in urban, industrial and other previously developed areas where fill or current or historical use of the areas have caused site contamination. Accordingly, it is sometimes necessary to institute special soil and/or groundwater handling procedures and/or include particular building design features in connection with development, construction and other property operations in order to achieve regulatory closure and/or ensure that contaminated materials are addressed in an appropriate manner. In these situations, it is our practice to investigate the nature and extent of detected contamination, including potential issues associated with vapor intrusion concerns and/or potential contaminant migration to or from the subject property in ground water, assess potential liability risks and estimate the costs of required response actions and special handling procedures. We then use this information as part of our decision-making process with respect to the acquisition, deal structure and/or development of the property. For example, we own a sustainableparcel in Massachusetts which was formerly used as a quarry/asphalt batching facility. Pre-purchase testing indicated that the site contained relatively low levels of certain contaminants. We have developed an office park on this property. Prior to and responsible manner across our five regions. Our sustainability strategy is broadly focusedduring redevelopment activities, we engaged a specially licensed environmental consultant to monitor environmental conditions at the site and prepare necessary regulatory submittals based on the economic, social andresults of an environmental aspectsrisk characterization. A submittal has been made to the regulatory authorities in order to achieve regulatory closure at this site. The submittal included an environmental deed restriction that mandates compliance with certain protective measures in a portion of the site where low levels of residual soil contamination have been left in place in accordance with applicable laws. 
We expect that resolution of the environmental matters described above will not have a material impact on our activities, which include the design and constructionbusiness, assets, financial condition, results of our new developments and the operation of our existing buildings. We are focused on creating healthy workspaces and high performance properties while simultaneously mitigating operational costs and the potential external impacts of energy, water, waste and greenhouse gas emissions. Tooperations or liquidity. However, we cannot assure you that end, we have publicly adopted long-term energy, emissions, water and waste goalsidentified all environmental liabilities at our properties, that establish aggressive reduction targets. As a company with a core strategy of long-term ownership, we are committed to charitable giving, volunteerism and public realm investments that make a positive impact on the communities in which we conduct business. Through these efforts, we demonstrate that operating and developing commercial real estate can be conducted with a conscious regard for the environment while mutually benefiting our tenants, investors, employees and the communities in which we operate.
Weall necessary remediation actions have been recognized as an industry leaderor will be undertaken at our properties, that we will be indemnified, in sustainability. In 2018, BXP ranked among the top 8% of 874 real estate companiesfull or at all, or that we will have insurance coverage in the Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmark (“GRESB”) assessment. 2018 wasevent that such environmental liabilities arise. 
Corporate Governance
BXP is currently governed by an eleven-member Board of Directors. The current members of the seventh straight year thatBoard of Directors of BXP has ranked inare Kelly A. Ayotte, Bruce W. Duncan, Karen E. Dykstra, Carol B. Einiger, Diane J. Hoskins, Joel I. Klein, Douglas T. Linde, Matthew J. Lustig, Owen D. Thomas, David A. Twardock and William H. Walton III. All directors of BXP stand for election for one-year terms expiring at the top quartilenext succeeding annual meeting of GRESB assessment participants, earning another “Green Star” recognition and the highest GRESB 5-star Rating. In 2014, 2015, 2017 and 2018, BXP was selected by the National Associationstockholders.
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Table of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“Nareit”) as a Leader in the Light Award winner. Nareit's annual Leader in the Light Awards honor Nareit member companies that have demonstrated superior and sustained sustainability practices.Contents
In March 2016, the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (“SASB”) issued the provisional standard, Real Estate Owners, Developers & Investment Trusts Sustainability Accounting Standard. The provisional standards propose sustainability accounting metrics that have been designed for disclosure in mandatory filings, suchJoel I. Klein currently serves as the Form 10-K.Chairman of BXP’s Board of Directors. The recommended energyBoard of Directors of BXP also has Audit, Compensation and water management activity metrics for the real estate industry include energy consumption data coverage as a percentageNominating and Corporate Governance Committees. The membership of floor area (“Energy Intensity”); percentageeach of eligible portfolio thatthese committees is certified ENERGY STAR® (“ENERGY STAR certified”); total energy consumed by portfolio area (“Total Energy Consumption”); water withdrawal as a percentage of total floor area (“Water Intensity”); and total water withdrawn by portfolio area (“Total Water Consumption”). Energy and water data is collected from utility bills and submeters. All utility data is checked by a third-party. A licensed professional has verified all ENERGY STAR applications.described below.
The charts below detail our Energy Intensity, Total Energy Consumption, Water Intensity and Total Water Consumption for 2015 through 2017 for which data on occupied and actively managed properties was available.
updatedgraphs.jpg
_______________
(1)Independent DirectorFull 2018 calendar year energyAuditCompensationNominating and water data is not available fully checked by a third party until March 31, 2019. 2017 is the most recent year for which complete energy and water data is available and checked by a third party.
Corporate Governance

Kelly A. AyotteX(1)X
Bruce W. DuncanXX
Karen E. DykstraX
(2)Carol B. EinigerThe charts reflect the performance of our occupied and actively managed office building portfolio in Boston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco and Washington, DC. Occupied office buildings are buildings with no more than 50% vacancy. Actively managed buildings are buildings where we have operational control of building system performance and investment decisions. At the end of the 2017 calendar year, this included 101 buildings totaling 39.4 million gross square feet.
X
(3)Diane J. HoskinsFloor area is considered to have complete energy consumption data coverage when energy consumption data (i.e., energy types and amounts consumed) is obtained by us for all types of energy consumed in the relevant floor area during the fiscal year, regardless of when such data was obtained.X
Joel I. Klein (2)
(4)Matthew J. LustigThe scope of energy includes energy purchased from sources external to us and our tenants or produced by us or our tenants and energy from all sources, including fuel, gas, electricity and steam.X(1)
David A. TwardockX(1)X
William H. Walton IIIX
(5)Water sources include surface water (including water from wetlands, rivers, lakes and oceans), groundwater, rainwater collected directly and stored by the registrant, wastewater obtained from other entities, municipal water supplies or supply from other water utilities.
(6)During the 2017 calendar year, 66 buildings representing 61% of our eligible portfolio were ENERGY STAR certified.
We are committed to transparent reporting
X=Committee member, (1)=Committee Chair, (2)=Chairman of environmental, socialBXP’s Board of Directors
BXP has the following corporate governance documents and governance sustainability indicators. BXP publishes an annual sustainability report thatprocedures in place:
•The Board of Directors has adopted charters for each of its Audit, Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees. A copy of each of these charters is aligned with the Global Reporting Initiative reporting framework. More detailed sustainability information, including our strategy, key performance indicators, annual like-for-like comparisons, achievements and historical sustainability reports are available on our website at http://www.bostonproperties.comwww.bxp.com under the heading “Sustainability.“Corporate Governance” and subheading “Committee Charters.” Except for the documents specifically incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K, information contained
•The Board of Directors has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines, a copy of which is available on our website or that can be accessed throughat http://www.bxp.com under the heading “Corporate Governance” and subheading “Governance Documents” with the name “Governance Guidelines.”
•The Board of Directors has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which governs business decisions made and actions taken by BXP’s directors, officers and employees. A copy of this code is available on our website at http://www.bxp.com under the heading “Corporate Governance” and subheading “Governance Documents” with the name “Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.” BXP intends to disclose on this website any amendment to, or waiver of, any provisions of this Code applicable to the directors and executive officers of BXP that would otherwise be required to be disclosed under the rules of the SEC or the New York Stock Exchange.
•The Board of Directors has established an ethics reporting system that employees may use to anonymously report possible violations of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, including concerns regarding questionable accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters, by telephone or over the internet.
•The Board of Directors has adopted a Policy on our Political Spending, a copy of which is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Reportavailable on Form 10-K.our website at http://www.bxp.com under the heading “Corporate Governance” and subheading “Governance Documents” with the name “Policy on Political Spending.”
Competition
We compete in the leasing of office, life sciences, retail and residential space with a considerable number of other real estate companies, some of which may have greater marketing and financial resources than are available to us. In addition, our hotel property competes for guests with other hotels, some of which may have greater marketing and financial resources than are available to us and to the manager of our one hotel, Marriott International, Inc.
Principal factors of competition in our primary business of owning, acquiring and developing office properties are the quality of properties, leasing terms (including rent and other charges and allowances for tenant improvements), attractiveness and convenience of location, the quality and breadth of tenant services and amenities provided, and reputation as an owner and operator of quality office properties in the relevant market. Additionally, our ability to compete depends upon, among other factors, trends ofin the national and local economies, investment alternatives, financial condition and operating results of current and prospective tenants, availability and
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cost of capital, construction and renovation costs, taxes, utilities, governmental regulations, legislation and population trends.
In addition, we currently have six residential properties (including two under construction) and may in the future decide to acquire or develop additional residential properties. As an owner, we will also face competition for prospective residents from other operators/owners whose properties may be perceived to offer a better location or better amenities or whose rent may be perceived as a better value given the quality, location and amenities that the resident seeks. We will also compete against condominiums and single-family homes that are for sale or rent. Because the scale of our residential portfolio is relatively small, we expect to continue to retain third parties to manage our residential properties.
Our Hotel Property
We operate our hotel property through a taxable REIT subsidiary. The taxable REIT subsidiary, a wholly-owned subsidiary of BPLP, is the lessee pursuant to a lease for the hotel property. As lessor, BPLP is entitled to a percentage of gross receipts from the hotel property. The hotel lease is intended to provide the economic benefits of ownership of the underlying real estate to flow to us as rental income, while our taxable REIT subsidiary earns the profit from operating the property as a hotel. Marriott International, Inc. continues to manage the hotel property under the Marriott name and under terms of the existing management agreements. Marriott has been engaged under a separate long-term incentive management agreement to operate and manage the hotel on behalf of the taxable REIT subsidiary.

Corporate Governance
BXP is currently governed by an eleven-member Board of Directors. The current members of the Board of Directors of BXP are Kelly A. Ayotte, Bruce W. Duncan, Karen E. Dykstra, Carol B. Einiger, Dr. Jacob A. Frenkel, Joel I. Klein, Douglas T. Linde, Matthew J. Lustig, Owen D. Thomas, Martin Turchin and David A. Twardock. All directors of BXP stand for election for one-year terms expiring at the next succeeding annual meeting of stockholders.
Joel I. Klein currently serves as the Lead Independent Director of BXP's Board of Directors. The Board of Directors of BXP also has Audit, Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees. The membership of each of these committees is described below.
Independent DirectorAuditCompensation
Nominating and
Corporate Governance
Kelly A. AyotteXX
Bruce W. DuncanXX
Karen E. DykstraX
Carol B. EinigerX*
Dr. Jacob A. FrenkelX
Joel I. Klein **
Matthew J. LustigX*
Martin TurchinX
David A. TwardockX* X
X=Committee member, *=Chair, **=Lead Independent Director

BXP has the following corporate governance documents and procedures in place:
The Board of Directors has adopted charters for each of its Audit, Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees. A copy of each of these charters is available on our website at http://www.bostonproperties.com under the heading “Corporate Governance” and subheading “Committees and Charters.”
The Board of Directors has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines, a copy of which is available on our website at http://www.bostonproperties.com under the heading “Corporate Governance” and subheading “Governance Guidelines.”
The Board of Directors has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which governs business decisions made and actions taken by BXP’s directors, officers and employees. A copy of this code is available on our website at http://www.bostonproperties.com under the heading “Corporate Governance” and subheading “Code of Conduct and Ethics.” BXP intends to disclose on this website any amendment to, or waiver of, any provisions of this Code applicable to the directors and executive officers of BXP that would otherwise be required to be disclosed under the rules of the SEC or the New York Stock Exchange.
The Board of Directors has established an ethics reporting system that employees may use to anonymously report possible violations of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, including concerns regarding questionable accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters, by telephone or over the internet.
The Board of Directors has adopted a Policy on our Political Spending, a copy of which is available on our website at http://www.bostonproperties.com under the heading “Corporate Governance” and subheading “Policy on Political Spending.”
Recent Tax Legislation Affecting BXP and BPLP
The following discussion supplements and updates the disclosures under “United States Federal Income Tax Considerations” in the prospectus dated June 2, 2017 contained in our Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed with the SEC on June 2, 2017, as well as the disclosures under “United States Federal Income Tax Considerations” in the prospectus supplement dated June 2, 2017.

Consolidated Appropriations Act
On March 23, 2018, President Donald J. Trump signed into law the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (the “CAA”), which amended various provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and implicate certain tax-related disclosures contained in the prospectus. As a result, the discussion under “United States Federal Income Tax Considerations-Taxation of Stockholders and Potential Tax Consequences of Their Investment in Shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock-Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders” in the second full paragraph on page 65 and in the first full paragraph on page 66 of each of the three documents listed above, respectively, is replaced with the following paragraphs:
Qualified Shareholders. For periods on or after December 18, 2015, to the extent our stock is held directly (or indirectly through one or more partnerships) by a “qualified shareholder,” it will not be treated as a USRPI. Further, to the extent such treatment applies, any distribution to such shareholder will not be treated as gain recognized from the sale or exchange of a USRPI. For these purposes, a qualified shareholder is generally a non-U.S. stockholder that (i)(A) is eligible for treaty benefits under an income tax treaty with the United States that includes an exchange of information program, and the principal class of interests of which is listed and regularly traded on one or more stock exchanges as defined by the treaty, or (B) is a foreign limited partnership organized in a jurisdiction with an exchange of information agreement with the United States and that has a class of regularly traded limited partnership units (having a value greater than 50% of the value of all partnership units) on the New York Stock Exchange or Nasdaq, (ii) is a “qualified collective investment vehicle” (within the meaning of Section 897(k)(3)(B) of the Code) and (iii) maintains records of persons holding 5% or more of the class of interests described in clauses (i)(A) or (i)(B) above. However, in the case of a qualified shareholder having one or more “applicable investors,” the exception described in the first sentence of this paragraph will not apply to the applicable percentage of the qualified shareholder’s stock (with “applicable percentage” generally meaning the percentage of the value of the interests in the qualified shareholder held by applicable investors after applying certain constructive ownership rules). The applicable percentage of the amount realized by a qualified shareholder on the disposition of our stock or with respect to a distribution from us attributable to gain from the sale or exchange of a USRPI will be treated as amounts realized from the disposition of USRPIs. Such treatment shall also apply to applicable investors in respect of distributions treated as a sale or exchange of stock with respect to a qualified shareholder. For these purposes, an “applicable investor” is a person who generally holds an interest in the qualified shareholder and holds more than 10% of our stock applying certain constructive ownership rules. Subject to the exception described above for qualified shareholders having one or more applicable investors, distributions received by qualified shareholders will be taxed as described above at -Dividends as if the distribution is not attributable to the sale of a USRPI. Gain treated as gain from the sale or exchange of our stock (including capital gain dividends and distributions treated as gain from the sale or exchange of our stock under the rules described above at - Dividends) will not be subject to tax unless such gain is treated as effectively connected with the qualified shareholder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business, in which case the qualified shareholder generally will be subject to a tax at the graduated rates applicable to ordinary income, in the same manner as U.S. stockholders.
Qualified Foreign Pension Funds. For periods on or after December 18, 2015, for FIRPTA purposes neither a “qualified foreign pension fund” nor any entity all of the interests of which are held by a qualified foreign pension fund is treated as a non-U.S. stockholder. A “qualified foreign pension fund” is an organization or arrangement (i) created or organized in a foreign country, (ii) established by a foreign country (or one or more political subdivisions thereof) or one or more employers to provide retirement or pension benefits to current or former employees (including self-employed individuals) or their designees as a result of, or in consideration for, services rendered, (iii) which does not have a single participant or beneficiary that has a right to more than 5% of its assets or income, (iv) which is subject to government regulation and with respect to which annual information about its beneficiaries is provided, or is otherwise available, to relevant local tax authorities and (v) with respect to which, under its local laws, (A) contributions that would otherwise be subject to tax are deductible or excluded from its gross income or taxed at a reduced rate, or (B) taxation of its investment income is deferred, or such income is excluded from its gross income or taxed at a reduced rate. Distributions received by qualified foreign pension funds and their wholly owned non-U.S. subsidiaries will be taxed described above at - Dividends as if the distribution is not attributable to the sale of a USRPI. Gain of a qualified foreign pension fund or its wholly owned on-U.S. subsidiary treated as gain from the sale or exchange of our stock, as well as our capital gain dividends and distributions treated as gain from the sale or exchange of our stock under the rules described above at - Dividends, will not be subject to tax unless such gain is treated as effectively connected with the qualified foreign pension fund’s (or the subsidiary’s, as applicable) conduct of a U.S. trade or business, in which case the qualified foreign pension fund (or wholly owned subsidiary) generally will be subject to a tax at the graduated rates applicable to ordinary income, in the same manner as U.S. stockholders.

Recent FATCA Regulations
On December 18, 2018, the Internal Revenue Service promulgated proposed regulations under Sections 1471-1474 of the Code (commonly referred to as FATCA), which proposed regulations eliminate FATCA withholding on gross proceeds and thus implicate certain tax-related disclosures contained in the prospectus and the prospectus supplement. While these regulations have not yet been finalized, taxpayers are generally entitled to rely on the proposed regulations (subject to certain limited exceptions) As a result, the discussion under “United States Federal Income Tax Considerations-Taxation of Stockholders and Potential Tax Consequences of Their Investment in Shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock-Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders-Withholding on Certain Foreign Accounts and Entities” the prospectus and the prospectus supplement (found on page 66 of each) is replaced with the following:
Withholding on Certain Foreign Accounts and Entities. The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, or FATCA, imposes withholding taxes on “withholdable payments” (as defined below) made to “foreign financial institutions” and certain other non-U.S. entities unless (1) the foreign financial institution undertakes certain diligence and reporting obligations or (2) the foreign non-financial entity either certifies it does not have any substantial United States owners or furnishes identifying information regarding each substantial United States owner. “Withholdable payment” generally means any payment of interest, dividends, and certain other types of generally passive income if such payment is from sources within the United States. If the payee is a foreign financial institution, it must enter into an agreement with the United States Treasury requiring, among other things, that it undertakes to identify accounts held by certain United States persons or United States-owned foreign entities, annually report certain information about such accounts, and withhold 30% on payments to account holders whose actions prevent them from complying with these reporting and other requirements. Investors in jurisdictions that have entered into “intergovernmental agreements” may, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, be required to report such information to their home jurisdictions. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding this legislation.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Set forth below are the risks that we believe are material to our investors. Weinvestors and they should be carefully considered. Throughout this section, we refer to the equity and debt securities of both BXP and BPLP as our “securities,” and the investors who own securities of BXP, BPLP or both, as our “securityholders.” These risks are not all of the risks we face and other factors not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also affect our business if they occur. This section contains forward-looking statements. You should refer to the explanation of the qualifications and limitations on forward-looking statements beginning on page 48.57.
Risks Related to Our Business and Operations
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe disruptions in the United States and global economies and we expect it will continue to materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, liquidity and performance and valuethat of our tenants.
The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve and public health officials and governmental authorities, including those in all of the markets in which we operate, continue to implement measures restricting travel, issuing “stay-at-home” orders, restricting the types of businesses that may continue to operate (including the types of construction projects that may proceed) and the capacity at which businesses may operate. Most of these restrictions began in earnest in March 2020 and they quickly had a material adverse impact on economic and market conditions around the world, including the United States and the markets in which our properties are subjectlocated, and on us. It is likely that the restrictions and measures of public health officials and governmental authorities will continue through the end of 2021 and possibly longer. There remains uncertainty regarding the duration and breadth of the COVID-19 pandemic. The degree to risks associatedwhich the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operation, cash flows, liquidity and performance, and that of our tenants, will be driven primarily by the speed, effectiveness and distribution of vaccines, the duration of indirect economic impacts such as recession, dislocation in capital markets, and job loss, potential longer term changes in consumer and tenant behavior, as well as possible future governmental responses, which makes it impossible for us to predict with certainty the overall impact that COVID-19 will have on us and our real estate assetstenants at this time. Factors related to COVID-19 that have had, or could have, a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition, include:
•a complete or partial closure of, or other operational issues at, one or more of our properties resulting from government or tenant action, including delays in re-opening or subsequent closures of previously re-opened properties, which could adversely affect our operations and those of our tenants;
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•reduced economic activity impacting the businesses, financial condition and liquidity of our tenants has caused, and is expected to continue to cause, one or more of our tenants to be unable to meet their obligations to us, including their ability to make rental payments, in full or at all, or to otherwise seek modifications of such obligations, including rent concessions, deferrals or abatements, or to declare bankruptcy;
•the failure of our tenants to properly implement or deploy their business continuity plans, or if those plans are ineffective, could have a material adverse effect on our tenants’ businesses and their ability to pay rent;
•the impact of new or continued complete or partial shutdowns of the operations of one or more of our tenants’ businesses, including office, life sciences, hotel and retail tenants, and parking operators, temporary or long-term disruptions in our tenants’ supply chains from local, national and international suppliers or delays in the delivery of products, services or other materials necessary for our tenants’ operations, could force our tenants to reduce, delay or eliminate offerings of their products and services, which could result in less revenue, income and cash flow, and possibly their bankruptcy or insolvency, which in turn could:
•reduce our cash flows,
•adversely impact our ability to finance, refinance or sell a property,
•adversely impact our ability to continue paying dividends to our stockholders at current levels, or at all, and
•result in additional legal and other costs to enforce our rights, collect rent and/or re-lease the space occupied by the distressed tenant;
•the duration and scope of the mandatory business closures and “stay-at-home” orders have had, and are expected to continue to have, a severe negative impact on our retail, fitness and entertainment tenants that depend on in-person interactions with their customers to generate revenues and have resulted, and are expected to continue to result, in most retail, fitness and entertainment tenants being unable to make timely rental payments in full or at all;
•the real estate industry.extent to which COVID-19 decreases customers’ willingness to frequent, or prevents customers from frequenting, our tenants’ businesses in the future, may result in our retail tenants’ continued inability to make timely rental payments to us under their leases;
Our economic performance•many of our retail and select office tenants have approached us seeking either rent concessions, deferrals or abatements, and the extent to which we grant these requests or instead seek to enforce our legal remedies could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity and cash flows;
•the degree to which our tenants’ businesses have been, and continue to be, negatively impacted has required, and may continue to require, us to write-off a tenant’s accrued rent balance and this could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and liquidity;
•if new or existing actions or measures implemented to prevent the spread of COVID-19 continue to result in increasing unemployment, it may negatively affect the leasing of residential units as well as the ability of our existing residential tenants to generate sufficient income to pay, or make them unwilling to pay rent, in full or at all, in a timely manner;
•the impact of prolonged restrictions on freedom of movement and business operations, such as travel bans, business closures and “stay-at-home” orders have had, and are expected to continue to have, a material adverse effect on the operators of our parking garages and our hotel property, which negatively impacts our revenues and may also result in a decrease in demand for hotel stays even after the travel bans and other restrictions are lifted;
•our failure, or the failure of any of our joint venture partners, to meet our or their, as applicable, responsibilities or obligations to the other or to third parties, such as lenders, including a failure to contribute additional capital needed by the ventures or a default by a party under a joint venture agreement or other agreement relating to a joint venture, each of which, in our case, could result in dilution of our interest or a loss of our management and other rights relating to our joint ventures, and in the case of a joint venture partner, could result in our payment of the partner’s share of the additional capital;
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•the impact of COVID-19 could result in an event or change in circumstances that results in an impairment in the value of our real estate assets,properties or our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, and consequently the valueany such impairment could have a material adverse effect on our results of our securities, are subject to the risk that if our properties do not generate revenues sufficient to meet our operating expenses, including debt service and capital expenditures, our cash flow and ability to pay distributions to our securityholders will be adversely affected. The following factors, among others, may adversely affect the income generated by our properties:
downturnsoperations in the national, regional and local economic conditions (particularly increasesperiods in unemployment);which the charge is taken;
competition from other office, hotel, retail and residential buildings;
local real estate market conditions, such as oversupply•we may be unable to restructure or reduction in demand for office, hotel, retail or residential space;
changes in interest rates and availability of financing;
vacancies, changes in market rental rates and the need to periodically repair, renovate and re-let space;
changes in space utilization by our tenants due to technology, economic conditions and business culture;
increased operating costs, including insurance expense, utilities, real estate taxes, state and local taxes and heightened security costs;
civil disturbances, earthquakes and other natural disasters or terrorist acts or acts of war which may result in uninsured or underinsured losses or decrease the desirability to our tenants in impacted locations;

significant expenditures associatedamend leases with each investment, such as debt service payments, real estate taxes, insurance and maintenance costs which are generally not reduced when circumstances cause a reduction in revenues from a property;
declines in the financial conditioncertain of our tenants on terms favorable to us or at all;
•the impact and validity of interpretations of lease provisions and applicable laws related to claims by tenants regarding their obligations to pay rent as a result of COVID-19, and any adverse court rulings or decisions interpreting these provisions and laws, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and liquidity;
•restrictions intended to prevent the spread of COVID-19 have limited, and are expected to continue to limit, our leasing activities, such as property tours, and may have a material adverse effect on our ability to renew leases, lease vacant space, including vacant space from tenant bankruptcies and defaults, or re-lease available space as leases expire in our properties on favorable terms, or at all;
•COVID-19 has caused a material decline in general business activity and demand for real estate transactions, and if this persists, it would adversely affect our ability or desire to make strategic acquisitions or dispositions;
•the impact of recent and future efforts by state, local, federal and industry groups to enact laws and regulations have restricted, and may further restrict, the ability of landlords, such as us, to collect rent, enforce remedies for the failure to pay rent, or otherwise enforce the terms of the lease agreements, such as a rent freeze for tenants or a suspension of a landlord’s ability to enforce evictions;
•the extent of construction delays on our development/redevelopment projects due to work-stoppage orders, disruptions in the supply of materials, delays in permitting or inspections, or other factors could result in our failure to meet the development milestones set forth in any applicable lease agreement, which could provide the tenant the right to terminate its lease or entitle the tenant to monetary damages, delay the commencement or completion of construction and our anticipated lease-up plans for a development/redevelopment project or our overall development pipeline, including recognizing revenue for new leases, that may cause returns on investment to be less than projected, and/or increase the costs of construction of new or existing projects, any of which could adversely affect our investment returns, profitability and/or our future growth;
•we may be unable to access debt and equity capital on attractive terms, or at all, and a further disruption and instability in the global financial markets or deteriorations in credit and financing conditions may affect our tenants’ and our access to capital and other sources of funding necessary to fund our respective operations or address maturing liabilities on a timely basis;
•the financial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our future financial results, cash flows and financial condition could adversely impact our compliance with the financial covenants of our credit facility and other debt agreements and could result in an event of default and the acceleration of indebtedness, which could negatively impact our financial condition, results of operations and our ability to collect rentsmake additional borrowings and pay dividends;
•adaptions made by companies in response to “stay-at-home” orders and future limitations on in-person work environments could lead to a sustained shift away from collective in-person work environments or relocations away from the cities in which we operate, either of which could adversely affect the overall demand for office space across our tenants;portfolio over the long term;
•the effectiveness or lack of effectiveness of governmental relief in providing assistance to large and
decreases in the underlying value small businesses, including some of our real estate.tenants, that have suffered significant declines in revenues as a result of mandatory business shut-downs, “stay-at-home” orders and social distancing practices, and the potential for a prolonged, severe recession, could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations;
We•increased vulnerability to cyber-security threats and potential breaches, including phishing attacks, malware and impersonation tactics, resulting from the increase in numbers of individuals working from home;
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•the potential that business interruption, loss of rental income and/or other associated expenses related to our operations will not be covered in whole or in part by our insurance policies, which may increase unreimbursed liabilities;
•if the health of our employees, particularly our key personnel and property management teams, are dependentnegatively impacted, we may be unable to ensure business continuity and be exposed to lawsuits from tenants;
•we may, in managing our liquidity depending on business conditions, choose to pay dividends in our stock instead of cash, which may cause our stockholders to pay income taxes on the dividends without receiving a corresponding amount of cash;
•uncertainty as to the conditions that must be satisfied as government authorities continue to lift “stay-at-home” orders and public health officials continue the process of gradually returning Americans to work and whether government authorities will impose (or suggest) requirements on landlords, such as us, to protect the health and safety of tenants and visitors to our buildings could result in increased operating costs and demands on our property management teams to ensure compliance with any such requirements, as well as increased costs associated with protecting against potential liability arising from these measures, such as claims by tenants that the measures violate their leases and claims by visitors that the measures caused them damages; and
•limited access to our facilities, management, tenants, support staff and professional advisors could decrease the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, internal controls over financial reporting and other risk mitigation strategies, increase our susceptibility to security breaches, hamper our ability to comply with regulatory obligations and prevent us from conducting our business as efficiently and effectively as we otherwise would have.
The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our operations and those of our tenants will depend on future developments, which remain highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence at this time. The fluidity of the situation presents material uncertainty and risk with respect to our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, liquidity and overall performance. Moreover, many risk factors detailed in this Item 1A titled “Risk Factors” are heightened risks as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Our performance depends upon the economic climates of our markets—Boston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco and Washington, DC.
Substantially all of our revenue is derived from properties located in five markets: Boston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco and Washington, DC. A downturn in the economies of these markets, or the impact that a downturn in the overall national economy may have upon these economies, could result in reduced demand for office space and/or a reduction in rents. Because our portfolio consists primarily of office buildings (as compared to a more diversified real estate portfolio), a decrease in demand for office space in turn could adversely affect our results of operations. Additionally, there are submarkets within our markets that are dependent upon a limited number of industries. For example, in our Washington, DC market, we focus on leasing office properties to governmental agencies and contractors, as well as legal firms. A reduction in spending by the federal governmentFederal Government could result in reduced demand for office space and adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, in our New York market, we have historically leased properties to financial, legal and other professional firms. A significant downturn in one or more of these sectors could adversely affect our results of operations.
In addition, a significant economic downturn over a period of time could result in an event or change in circumstances that results in an impairment in the value of our properties or our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of the asset (1) is not recoverable over its expected holding period and (2) exceeds its fair value. There can be no assurance that we will not take charges in the future related to the impairment of our assets or investments. Any future impairment could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in the period in which the charge is taken.
Adverse economic and geopolitical conditions, health crises and dislocations in the credit markets could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay dividends and/or distributions.
Our business may be affected by market and economic challenges experienced by the U.S. and global economies or real estate industry as a whole, by the local economic conditions in the markets in which our
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properties are located, including the impact of high unemployment, volatility in the public equity and debt markets, and international economic and other conditions, including pandemics. These current conditions, or similar conditions existing in the future, may adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay dividends and/or distributions as a result of the following, among other potential consequences:
•the financial condition of our tenants may be adversely affected, which may result in tenant defaults under leases due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, lack of funding, operational failures or for other reasons;
•significant job losses may occur, which may decrease demand for our office space, causing market rental rates and property values to be negatively impacted;
•our ability to borrow on terms and conditions that we find acceptable, or at all, may be limited, which could reduce our ability to pursue acquisition and development opportunities and refinance existing debt, reduce our returns from our acquisition and development activities and increase our future interest expense;
•reduced values of our properties may limit our ability to dispose of assets at attractive prices or to obtain debt financing secured by our properties and may reduce the availability of unsecured loans;
•the value and liquidity of our short-term investments and cash deposits could be reduced as a result of a deterioration of the financial condition of the institutions that hold our cash deposits or the institutions or assets in which we have made short-term investments, a dislocation of the markets for our short-term investments, increased volatility in market rates for such investments or other factors;
•one or more lenders under our line of credit could refuse to fund their financing commitment to us or could fail and we may not be able to replace the financing commitment of any such lenders on favorable terms, or at all; and
•to the extent we enter into derivative financial instruments, one or more counterparties to our derivative financial instruments could default on their obligations to us, or could fail, increasing the risk that we may not realize the benefits of these instruments.
Our success depends on key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed.
We depend on the efforts of key personnel, particularly Owen D. Thomas, Chief Executive Officer, Douglas T. Linde, President, and Raymond A. Ritchey, Senior Executive Vice President. Among the reasons that Messrs. Thomas, Linde and Ritchey are important to our success is that each has a national reputation, which attracts business and investment opportunities and assists us in negotiations with lenders, joint venture partners and other investors. If we lost their services, our relationships with lenders, potential tenants and industry personnel could diminish.
Our Chief Financial Officer and Regional Managers also have strong reputations. Their reputations aid us in identifying opportunities, having opportunities brought to us, and negotiating with tenants and build-to-suit prospects. While we believe that we could find replacements for these key personnel, the loss of their services could materially and adversely affect our operations because of diminished relationships with lenders, prospective tenants and industry personnel. 
Risks Related to Real Estate
Our performance and value are subject to risks associated with our real estate assets and with the real estate industry.
Our economic performance and the value of our real estate assets, and consequently the value of our securities, are subject to the risk that if our properties do not generate revenues sufficient to meet our operating expenses, including debt service and capital expenditures, our cash flow and ability to pay distributions to our securityholders will be adversely affected. The following factors, among others, may adversely affect the income generated by our properties:
•downturns in the national, regional and local economic conditions (particularly increases in unemployment);
•competition from other office, life sciences, hotel, retail and residential buildings;
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•local real estate market conditions, such as oversupply or reduction in demand for office, life sciences, hotel, retail or residential space;
•changes in interest rates and availability of financing;
•vacancies, changes in market rental rates and the need to periodically repair, renovate and re-let space;
•changes in space utilization by our tenants due to technology, economic conditions and business culture;
•increased operating costs, including insurance expense, utilities, real estate taxes, state and local taxes and heightened security costs;
•civil disturbances, earthquakes and other natural disasters or terrorist acts or acts of war which may result in uninsured or underinsured losses or decrease the desirability to our tenants in impacted locations;
•significant expenditures associated with each investment, such as debt service payments, real estate taxes (including reassessments and changes in tax laws), insurance and maintenance costs which are generally not reduced when circumstances cause a reduction in revenues from a property;
•declines in the financial condition of our tenants and our ability to collect rents from our tenants; and
•decreases in the underlying value of our real estate.
Our properties face significant competition.
We face significant competition from developers, owners and managers of office, life sciences and residential properties and other commercial real estate, including sublease space available from our tenants. Substantially all of our properties face competition from similar properties in the same market. This competition may affect our ability to attract and retain tenants and may reduce the rents we are able to charge. These competing properties may have vacancy rates higher than our properties, which may result in their owners being willing to lease available space at lower rates than the space in our properties.
We face potential difficulties or delays renewing leases or re-leasing space.
We derive most of our income from rent received from our tenants. If a tenant experiences a downturn in its business or other types of financial distress, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic or due to the costs of additional federal, state or local tax burdens, it may be unable to make timely rental payments. Also, when our tenants decide not to renew their leases or terminate early, we may not be able to re-let the space or there could be a substantial delay in re-letting the space. Even if tenants decide to renew or lease new space, the terms of renewals or new leases, including the cost of required renovations or concessions to tenants, may be less favorable to us than current lease terms. As a result, our cash flow could decrease and our ability to make distributions to our securityholders could be adversely affected.
Changes in rent control or rent stabilization and eviction laws and regulations in our markets could have a material adverse effect on our residential portfolio’s results of operations and residential property values.
Various state and local governments have enacted, and may continue to enact, rent control or rent stabilization laws and regulations or take other actions that could limit our ability to raise rents or charge certain fees, such as pet fees or application fees. We have seen a recent increase in governments considering, or being urged by advocacy groups to consider, rent control or rent stabilization laws and regulations, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Depending on the extent and terms of future enactments of rent control or rent stabilization laws and regulations, as well as any lawsuits against us arising from such issues, such future enactments could have a material adverse effect on our residential portfolio’s results of operations and the value of our residential properties.
State and local governments may also make changes to eviction and other tenants’ rights laws and regulations that could have a material adverse effect on our residential portfolio’s results of operations and the value of our residential properties. If we are restricted from re-leasing apartment units due to the inability to evict delinquent residents, our results of operations and property values for our residential properties may be adversely effected.
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We face potential adverse effects from major tenants’ bankruptcies or insolvencies.
The bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant may adversely affect the income produced by our properties. Our tenants could file for bankruptcy protection or become insolvent in the future. We cannot evict a tenant solely because of its bankruptcy. On the other hand, a bankrupt tenant may reject and terminate its lease with us. In such case, our claim against the bankrupt tenant for unpaid and future rent would be subject to a statutory cap that might be substantially less than the remaining rent actually owed under the lease, and, even so, our claim for unpaid rent would likely not be paid in full. This shortfall could adversely affect our cash flow and results of operations.
Our actual costs to develop properties may exceed our budgeted costs.
We intend to continue to develop and substantially renovate office, life sciences, retail and residential properties. Our current and future development and construction activities may be exposed to the following risks:
•we may be unable to proceed with the development of properties because we cannot obtain financing on favorable terms or at all;
•we may incur construction costs for a development project that exceed our original estimates due to increases in interest rates and increased materials, labor, leasing or other costs, which could make completion of the project less profitable because market rents may not increase sufficiently to compensate for the increase in construction costs;
•we may be unable to obtain, or face delays in obtaining, required zoning, land-use, building, occupancy, and other governmental permits and authorizations, which could result in increased costs and could require us to abandon our activities entirely with respect to a project;
•we may abandon development opportunities after we begin to explore them and as a result we may lose deposits or fail to recover expenses already incurred;
•we may expend funds on and devote management’s time to projects that we do not complete;
•we may be unable to complete construction and/or leasing of a property on schedule or at all; and
•we may suspend development projects after construction has begun due to changes in economic conditions or other factors, and this may result in the write-off of costs, payment of additional costs or increases in overall costs when the development project is restarted.

Investment returns from our developed properties may be less than anticipated.
Our developed properties may be exposed to the following risks:
•we may lease developed properties at rental rates that are less than the ratesprojected, or at a slower pace then projected, at the time we decide to undertake the development;
•operating expenses and construction costs may be greater than projected at the time of development, resulting in our investment being less profitable than we expected; and
•occupancy rates and rents at newly developed properties may fluctuate depending on a number of factors, including market and economic conditions, and may result in our investments being less profitable than we expected or not profitable at all.
We face risks associated with the development of mixed-use commercial properties.
We operate, are currently developing, and may in the future develop, properties either alone or through joint ventures with other persons that are known as “mixed-use” developments. This means that in addition to the development of office space, the project may also include space for residential, retail, hotel or other commercial purposes. We have less experience in developing and managing non-office and non-retail real estate than we do with office real estate. As a result, if a development project includes a non-office or non-retail use, we may seek to develop that component ourselves, sell the rights to that component to a third-party developer with experience in that use or we may seek to partner with such a developer. If we do not sell the rights or partner with such a developer, or if we choose to develop the other component ourselves, we would be exposed not only to those risks typically associated with the development of commercial real estate generally, but also to specific risks associated with the development and ownership of non-office and non-retail real estate. In addition, even if we sell the rights to develop the other component or elect to participate in the development through a joint venture, we may be exposed
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to the risks associated with the failure of the other party to complete the development as expected. These include the risk that the other party would default on its obligations necessitating that we complete the other component ourselves (including providing any necessary financing). In the case of residential properties, these risks include competition for prospective residents from other operators whose properties may be perceived to offer a better location or better amenities or whose rent may be perceived as a better value given the quality, location and amenities that the resident seeks. We will also compete against condominiums and single-family homes that are for sale or rent. Because we have less experience with residential properties than with office and retail properties, we expect to retain third parties to manage our residential properties. If we decide to not sell or participate in a joint venture and instead hire a third party manager, we would be dependent on them and their key personnel who provide services to us and we may not find a suitable replacement if the management agreement is terminated, or if key personnel leave or otherwise become unavailable to us.
Failure to comply with Federal Government contractor requirements could result in substantial costs and loss of substantial revenue.
As of December 31, 2020, the U.S. Government was one of our largest tenants by square feet. We are subject to compliance with a wide variety of complex legal requirements because we are a Federal Government contractor. These laws regulate how we conduct business, require us to administer various compliance programs and require us to impose compliance responsibilities on some of our contractors. Our failure to comply with these laws could subject us to fines, penalties and damages, cause us to be in default of our leases and other contracts with the Federal Government and bar us from entering into future leases and other contracts with the Federal Government. There can be no assurance that these costs and loss of revenue will not have a material adverse effect on our properties, operations or business.
Our properties face significant competition.
We face significant competition from developers, owners and managersuse of office and residential propertiesjoint ventures limits our flexibility with respect to the assets they own and other commercial real estate,assets we may wish to acquire.
In appropriate circumstances, we intend to develop, acquire and recapitalize properties in joint ventures with other persons or entities. We currently have joint ventures that are and are not consolidated within our financial statements. Our participation in joint ventures subjects us to risks, including sublease space available from our tenants. Substantially allbut not limited to, the following risks that:
•we could become engaged in a dispute with any of our properties face competition from similar properties in the same market. This competition mayjoint venture partners that might affect our ability to attractdevelop, finance or operate a property and retain tenantscould lead to the sale of either parties’ ownership interest or the property;
•some of our joint ventures are subject to debt and in the current credit markets the refinancing of such debt may reduce the rentsrequire equity capital calls;
•our joint venture partners may default on their obligations necessitating that we are able to charge. These competing propertiesfulfill their obligation ourselves;
•our joint venture partners may have vacancy rates higherdifferent objectives than we have regarding the appropriate timing and terms of any sale or refinancing of properties or the commencement of development activities;
•our properties, whichjoint venture partners may result in their owners being willing to lease available space at lower ratesbe structured differently than the spaceus for tax purposes and this could create conflicts of interest;
•our joint venture partners may have competing interests in our properties.markets that could create conflicts of interest;
We face potential difficulties or delays renewing leases or re-leasing space.
We derive most of •our income from rent received from our tenants. If a tenant experiences a downturn in its business or other types of financial distress, including the costs of additional federal, state or local tax burdens, itjoint ventures may be unable to make timely rental payments. Also, when our tenants decide not to renew their leases or terminate early,repay any amounts that we may not be ableloan to re-letthem; and
•our joint venture agreements may contain provisions limiting the spaceliquidity of our interest for sale or there could be a substantial delay in re-lettingsale of the space. Even if tenants decide to renew or lease new space, the terms of renewals or new leases, including the cost of required renovations or concessions to tenants, may be less favorable to us than current lease terms. As a result, our cash flow could decrease and our ability to make distributions to our securityholders could be adversely affected.

We face potential adverse effects from major tenants’ bankruptcies or insolvencies.
The bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant may adversely affect the income produced by our properties. Our tenants could file for bankruptcy protection or become insolvent in the future. We cannot evict a tenant solely because of its bankruptcy. On the other hand, a bankrupt tenant may reject and terminate its lease with us. In such case, our claim against the bankrupt tenant for unpaid and future rent would be subject to a statutory cap that might be substantially less than the remaining rent actually owed under the lease, and, even so, our claim for unpaid rent would likely not be paid in full. This shortfall could adversely affect our cash flow and results of operations.entire asset.
We face the risk that third parties will not be able to service or repay loans we make to them.
From time to time, we have loaned and in the future may loan funds to (1) a third-party buyer to facilitate the sale of an asset by us to such third party, or (2) a third party in connection with the formation of a joint venture to acquire and/or develop a property. Making these loans subjects us to the following risks, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flow, results of operations and/or financial condition:
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•the third party may be unable to make full and timely payments of interest and principal on the loan when due;
•if the third-party buyer to whom we provide seller financing and utilizes the assets as collateral does not manage the property well, or the property otherwise fails to meet financial projections, performs poorly or declines in value, then the buyer may not have the funds or ability to raise new debt with which to make required payments of interest and principal to us;
•if we loan funds to a joint venture, and the joint venture is unable to make required payments of interest or principal, or both, or there are disagreements with respect to the repayment of the loan or other matters, then we could have a resulting dispute with our partner(s), and such a dispute could harm our relationship(s) with our partner(s) and cause delays in developing or selling the property or the failure to properly manage the property; and
•if we loan funds to a joint venture and the joint venture is unable to make required payments of interest and principal, or both, then we may exercise remedies available to us in the joint venture agreement that could allow us to increase our ownership interest or our control over major decisions, or both, which could result in an unconsolidated joint venture becoming consolidated with our financial statement; doing so could require us to reallocate the purchase price among the various asset and liability components and this could result in material changes to our reported results of operations and financial condition.
We face risks associated with the use of debt to fund acquisitions and developments, including refinancing risk.
We are subject to the risks normally associated with debt financing, including the risk that our cash flow will be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest. We anticipate that only a small portion of the principal of our debt will be repaid prior to maturity. Therefore, we are likely to need to refinance at least a portion of our outstanding debt as it matures. There is a risk that we may not be able to refinance existing debt or that the terms of any refinancing will not be as favorable as the terms of our existing debt. If principal payments due at maturity cannot be refinanced, extended or repaid with proceeds from other sources, such as new equity capital, our cash flow may not be sufficient to repay all maturing debt in years when significant “balloon” payments come due. In addition, we may rely on debt to fund a portion of our new investments such as our acquisition and development activity. There is a risk that we may be unable to finance these activities on favorable terms or at all. These conditions, which increase the cost and reduce the availability of debt, may continue or worsen in the future.
We have had and may have in the future agreements with a number of limited partners of BPLP who contributed properties in exchange for partnership interests that require BPLP to maintain for specified periods of time secured debt on certain of our assets and/or allocate partnership debt to such limited partners to enable them to continue to defer recognition of their taxable gain with respect to the contributed property. These tax protection and debt allocation agreements may restrict our ability to repay or refinance debt.As of December 31, 2018, we had no tax protection or debt allocation agreement requirements that may restrict our ability to repay or finance debt.

Adverse economic and geopolitical conditions and dislocations in the credit markets could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay distributions to you.
Our business may be affected by market and economic challenges experienced by the U.S. and global economies or real estate industry as a whole, by the local economic conditions in the markets in which our properties are located, including the impact of high unemployment, volatility in the public equity and debt markets, and international economic conditions. These current conditions, or similar conditions existing in the future, may adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay distributions as a result of the following, among other potential consequences:
the financial condition of our tenants, many of which are media and technology, financial, government, legal and other professional firms, may be adversely affected, which may result in tenant defaults under leases due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, lack of funding, operational failures or for other reasons;
significant job losses in the financial and professional services industries may occur, which may decrease demand for our office space, causing market rental rates and property values to be negatively impacted;
our ability to borrow on terms and conditions that we find acceptable, or at all, may be limited, which could reduce our ability to pursue acquisition and development opportunities and refinance existing debt, reduce our returns from our acquisition and development activities and increase our future interest expense;
reduced values of our properties may limit our ability to dispose of assets at attractive prices or to obtain debt financing secured by our properties and may reduce the availability of unsecured loans;
the value and liquidity of our short-term investments and cash deposits could be reduced as a result of a deterioration of the financial condition of the institutions that hold our cash deposits or the institutions or assets in which we have made short-term investments, a dislocation of the markets for our short-term investments, increased volatility in market rates for such investments or other factors;
one or more lenders under our line of credit could refuse to fund their financing commitment to us or could fail and we may not be able to replace the financing commitment of any such lenders on favorable terms, or at all; and
to the extent we enter into derivative financial instruments, one or more counterparties to our derivative financial instruments could default on their obligations to us, or could fail, increasing the risk that we may not realize the benefits of these instruments.
An increase in interest rates would increase our interest costs on variable rate debt and could adversely impact our ability to refinance existing debt or sell assets on favorable terms or at all.
As of February 22, 2019, we had approximately $550 million of outstanding indebtedness, excluding our unconsolidated joint ventures, that bears interest at variable rates, and we may incur more indebtedness in the future. If interest rates increase, then so would the interest costs on our unhedged variable rate debt, which could adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to pay principal and interest on our debt and our ability to make distributions to our securityholders. Further, rising interest rates could limit our ability to refinance existing debt when it matures or significantly increase our future interest expense. From time to time, we enter into interest rate swap agreements and other interest rate hedging contracts, including swaps, caps and floors. While these agreements are intended to lessen the impact of rising interest rates on us, they also expose us to the risk that the other parties to the agreements will not perform, we could incur significant costs associated with the settlement of the agreements, the agreements will be unenforceable and the underlying transactions will fail to qualify as highly-effective cash flow hedges under guidance included in ASC 815 “Derivatives and Hedging.” In addition, an increase in interest rates could decrease the amounts third-parties are willing to pay for our assets, thereby limiting our ability to change our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions.
Covenants in our debt agreements could adversely affect our financial condition.
The mortgages on our properties contain customary covenants such as those that limit our ability, without the prior consent of the lender, to further mortgage the applicable property or to discontinue insurance coverage. Our unsecured credit facility, unsecured debt securities and certain secured loans contain customary restrictions, requirements and other limitations on our ability to incur indebtedness, including total debt to asset ratios, secured debt to total asset ratios, debt service coverage ratios and minimum ratios of unencumbered assets to unsecured debt, which we must maintain. Our continued ability to borrow under our credit facilities is subject to compliance

with our financial and other covenants. In addition, our failure to comply with such covenants could cause a default under the applicable debt agreement, and we may then be required to repay such debt with capital from other sources. Under those circumstances, other sources of capital may not be available to us, or be available only on unattractive terms. Additionally, in the future our ability to satisfy current or prospective lenders’ insurance requirements may be adversely affected if lenders generally insist upon greater insurance coverage against acts of terrorism or losses resulting from earthquakes than is available to us in the marketplace or on commercially reasonable terms.
We rely on debt financing, including borrowings under our unsecured credit facility, issuances of unsecured debt securities and debt secured by individual properties, to finance our existing portfolio, our acquisition and development activities and for working capital. If we are unable to obtain debt financing from these or other sources, or to refinance existing indebtedness upon maturity, our financial condition and results of operations would likely be adversely affected. If we breach covenants in our debt agreements, the lenders can declare a default and, if the debt is secured, can take possession of the property securing the defaulted loan. In addition, our unsecured debt agreements contain specific cross-default provisions with respect to specified other indebtedness, giving the unsecured lenders the right to declare a default if we are in default under other loans in some circumstances. Defaults under our debt agreements could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Our degree of leverage could limit our ability to obtain additional financing or affect the market price of our equity and debt securities.
As of February 22, 2019, our Consolidated Debt was approximately $11.1 billion (excluding unconsolidated joint venture debt).
The following table presents Consolidated Market Capitalization as well as the corresponding ratios of Consolidated Debt to Consolidated Market Capitalization (dollars and shares / units in thousands):
  February 22, 2019 
  Shares / Units Outstanding Common Stock Equivalent Equivalent Value (1) 
Common Stock 154,509
 154,509
 $20,962,236
 
Common Operating Partnership Units 18,041
 18,041
 2,447,622
(2)
5.25% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock 80
 —
 200,000
 
Total Equity (A)   172,550
 $23,609,858
 
        
Consolidated Debt (B)     $11,054,428
 
        
Consolidated Market Capitalization (A + B)     $34,664,286
 
Consolidated Debt/Consolidated Market Capitalization [B / (A + B)]   31.89% 
_______________  
(1)Except for the Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, which have been valued at the liquidation preference of $2,500 per share, values based on the closing price per share of BXP’s Common Stock on February 22, 2019 of $135.67.
(2)Includes 1,197,012 LTIP Units (including 118,067 2012 OPP Units, 68,659 2013 MYLTIP Units, 23,100 2014 MYLTIP Units, 28,724 2015 MYLTIP Units and 105,980 2016 MYLTIP Units), but excludes an aggregate of 951,850 MYLTIP Units granted between 2017 and 2019.
Our degree of leverage could affect our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, development or other general corporate purposes. Our senior unsecured debt is currently rated investment grade by the three major rating agencies. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain this rating, and in the event our senior debt is downgraded from its current rating, we would likely incur higher borrowing costs and/or difficulty in obtaining additional financing. Our degree of leverage could also make us more vulnerable to a downturn in business or the economy generally. There is a risk that changes in our debt to market capitalization ratio, which is in part a function of BXP’s stock price, or BPLP’s ratio of indebtedness to other measures of asset value used by financial analysts may have an adverse effect on the market price of our equity or debt securities.

We face risks associated with property acquisitions.
We have acquired in the past and intend to continue to pursue the acquisition of properties and portfolios of properties, including large portfolios that could increase our size and result in alterations to our capital structure. Our acquisition activities and their success are subject to the following risks:
•even if we enter into an acquisition agreement for a property, we may be unable to complete that acquisition after making a non-refundable deposit and incurring certain other acquisition-related costs;
•we may be unable to obtain or assume financing for acquisitions on favorable terms or at all;
•acquired properties may fail to perform as expected;
•the actual costs of repositioning, redeveloping or maintaining acquired properties may be greater than our estimates;
•the acquisition agreement will likely contain conditions to closing, including completion of due diligence investigations to our satisfaction or other conditions that are not within our control, which may not be satisfied;
•acquired properties may be located in new markets, either within or outside the United States, where we may face risks associated with a lack of market knowledge or understanding of the local economy, lack of business relationships in the area, costs associated with opening a new regional office and unfamiliarity with local governmental and permitting procedures;
•we may acquire real estate through the acquisition of the ownership entity subjecting us to the risks of that entity; and
•we may be unable to quickly and efficiently integrate new acquisitions, particularly acquisitions of portfolios of properties, into our existing operations, and this could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We have acquired in the past and in the future may acquire properties through the acquisition of first mortgage or mezzanine debt. Investments in these loans must be carefully structured to ensure that BXP continues to satisfy the various asset and income requirements applicable to REITs. If we fail to structure any such acquisition properly, BXP could fail to qualify as a REIT. In addition, acquisitions of first mortgage or mezzanine loans subject us to the risks associated with the borrower’s default, including potential bankruptcy, and there may be significant delays and costs associated with the process of foreclosure on collateral securing or supporting these investments.  There can be no assurance that we would recover any or all of our investment in the event of such a default or bankruptcy.
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We have acquired in the past and in the future may acquire properties or portfolios of properties through tax deferred contribution transactions in exchange for partnership interests in BPLP. This acquisition structure has the effect, among others, of reducing the amount of tax depreciation we can deduct over the tax life of the acquired properties, and typically requires that we agree to protect the contributors’ ability to defer recognition of taxable gain through restrictions on our ability to dispose of the acquired properties and/or the allocation of partnership debt to the contributors to maintain their tax bases. These restrictions could limit our ability to sell an asset at a time, or on terms, that would be favorable absent such restrictions. 
Acquired properties may expose us to unknown liability.
We may acquire properties or invest in joint ventures that own properties subject to liabilities and without any recourse, or with only limited recourse, against the prior owners or other third parties with respect to unknown liabilities. As a result, if a liability were asserted against us based upon ownership of those properties, we might have to pay substantial sums to settle or contest it, which could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flow. Unknown liabilities with respect to acquired properties might include:
•liabilities for clean-up of undisclosed environmental contamination;
•claims by tenants, vendors or other persons against the former owners of the properties;
•liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of business; and
•claims for indemnification by general partners, directors, officers and others indemnified by the former owners of the properties.

Competition for acquisitions may result in increased prices for properties.
We plan to continue to acquire properties as we are presented with attractive opportunities. We may face competition for acquisition opportunities with other investors, and this competition may adversely affect us by subjecting us to the following risks:
•we may be unable to acquire a desired property because of competition from other well-capitalized real estate investors, including publicly traded and private REITs, institutional investment funds and other real estate investors; and
•even if we are able to acquire a desired property, competition from other real estate investors may significantly increase the purchase price.
Any future international activities will be subject to special risks and we may not be able to effectively manage our international business.
We have underwritten, and in the future may acquire, properties, portfolios of properties or interests in real estate-related entities on a strategic or selective basis in international markets that are new to us. If we acquire properties or platforms located in these markets, we will face risks associated with a lack of market knowledge and understanding of the local economy, forging new business relationships in the area and unfamiliarity with local laws and government and permitting procedures. In addition, our international operations will be subject to the usual risks of doing business abroad such as possible revisions in tax treaties or other laws and regulations, including those governing the taxation of our international income, restrictions on the transfer of funds and uncertainty over terrorist activities. We cannot predict the likelihood that any of these developments may occur. Further, we may in the future enter into agreements with non-U.S. entities that are governed by the laws of, and are subject to dispute resolution in the courts of, another country or region. We cannot accurately predict whether such a forum would provide us with an effective and efficient means of resolving disputes that may arise.
Investments in international markets may also subject us to risks associated with funding increasing headcount, integrating new offices, and establishing effective controls and procedures to regulate the operations of new offices and to monitor compliance with U.S. laws and regulations such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar foreign laws and regulations, such as the U.K. Bribery Act.
We may be subject to risks from potential fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies of the other countries in which we invest.
If we invest in countries where the U.S. dollar is not the national currency, we will be subject to international currency risks from the potential fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies of those other countries. A significant depreciation in the value of the currency of one or more countries where we have a significant investment may materially affect our results of operations. We may attempt to mitigate any such effects by borrowing in the currency of the country in which we are investing and, under certain circumstances, by hedging exchange rate fluctuations; however, access to capital may be more restricted, or unavailable on favorable terms or at all, in certain locations. For leases denominated in international currencies, we may use derivative financial instruments to manage the international currency exchange risk. We cannot assure you, however, that our efforts will successfully neutralize all international currency risks.
Our use of joint ventures may limit our flexibility with jointly owned investments.
In appropriate circumstances, we intend to develop, acquire and recapitalize properties in joint ventures with other persons or entities. We currently have joint ventures that are and are not consolidated within our financial statements. Our participation in joint ventures subjects us to risks, including but not limited to, the following risks that:
we could become engaged in a dispute with any of our joint venture partners that might affect our ability to develop, finance or operate a property and could lead to the sale of either parties' ownership interest or the property;
some of our joint ventures are subject to debt and in the current credit markets the refinancing of such debt may require equity capital calls;
our joint venture partners may default on their obligations necessitating that we fulfill their obligation ourselves;

our joint venture partners may have different objectives than we have regarding the appropriate timing and terms of any sale or refinancing of properties or the commencement of development activities;
our joint venture partners may be structured differently than us for tax purposes and this could create conflicts of interest;
our joint venture partners may have competing interests in our markets that could create conflicts of interest;
our joint ventures may be unable to repay any amounts that we may loan to them; and
our joint venture agreements may contain provisions limiting the liquidity of our interest for sale or sale of the entire asset.
We may have difficulty selling our properties, which may limit our flexibility.
Properties like the ones that we own could be difficult to sell. This may limit our ability to change our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions. In addition, federal tax laws limit our ability to sell properties and this may affect our ability to sell properties without adversely affecting returns to our securityholders. These restrictions reduce our ability to respond to changes in the performance of our investments and could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Our ability to dispose of some of our properties is constrained by their tax attributes. Properties which we developed and have owned for a significant period of time or which we acquired through tax deferred contribution transactions in exchange for partnership interests in BPLP often have low tax bases. Furthermore, as a REIT, BXP may be subject to a 100% “prohibited transactions” tax on the gain from dispositions of property if BXP is deemed to hold the property primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, unless the disposition qualifies under a safe harbor exception for properties that have been held for at least two years and with respect to which certain other requirements are met. The potential application of the prohibited transactions tax could cause us to forego potential dispositions of property or other opportunities that might otherwise be attractive to us, or to undertake such dispositions or other opportunities through a taxable REIT subsidiary, which would generally result in income taxes being incurred. If we dispose of these properties outright in taxable transactions, we may be required to distribute a significant amount of the taxable gain to our securityholders under the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code forapplicable to REITs, which in turn would impact our future cash flow and may increase our leverage. In some cases, without incurring additional costs we may be restricted from disposing of properties contributed in exchange for our partnership interests under tax protection agreements with contributors. To dispose of low basis or tax-protected properties efficiently we from time to time use like-kind exchanges, which are intended to qualify for non-recognitionnon-
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recognition of taxable gain, but can be difficult to consummate and result in the property for which the disposed assets are exchanged inheriting their low tax bases and other tax attributes (including tax protection covenants). 
Conflicts of interest exist with holders of interests in BPLP.
Sales of properties and repayment of related indebtedness will have different effects on holders of interests in BPLP than on BXP’s stockholders.
Some holders of interests in BPLP could incur adverse tax consequences upon the sale of certain of our properties and on the repayment of related debt which differ from the tax consequences to BXP and its stockholders. Consequently, such holders of partnership interests in BPLP may have different objectives regarding the appropriate pricing and timing of any such sale or repayment of debt. While BXP has exclusive authority under the limited partnership agreement of BPLP to determine when to refinance or repay debt or whether, when, and on what terms to sell a property, subject, in the case of certain properties, to the contractual commitments described below, any such decision would require the approval of BXP’s Board of Directors. While the Board of Directors has a policy with respect to these matters directors and executive officers could exercise their influence in a manner inconsistent with the interests of some, or a majority, of BXP’s stockholders, including in a manner which could prevent completion of a sale of a property or the repayment of indebtedness.
Agreement not to sell some properties.
We have had and may have in the future agreements with the contributors of some properties that we have acquired in exchange for partnership interests in BPLP pursuant to which we have agreed not to sell or otherwise transfer the properties, prior to specified dates, in any transaction that would trigger taxable income to the contributor. In addition, we are responsible for the reimbursement of certain tax-related costs to the prior owners if

the subject properties are sold in a taxable sale. In general, our obligations to the prior owners are limited in time and only apply to actual damages suffered.
Also, BPLP has had and may have in the future agreements providing prior owners of properties with the right to guarantee specific amounts of indebtedness and, in the event that the specific indebtedness they guarantee is repaid or reduced, additional and/or substitute indebtedness. These agreements may hinder actions that BPLP may otherwise desire to take to repay or refinance guaranteed indebtedness because BPLP would be required to make payments to the beneficiaries of such agreements if it violates these agreements.
Because we own a hotel property, we face the risks associated with the hospitality industry.
The following factors, among others, are common to the hotel industry, and may reduce the receipts generated by our hotel property:
•our hotel property competes for guests with other hotels, a number of which may have greater marketing and financial resources than our hotel-operating business partners;
•if there is an increase in operating costs resulting from inflation and other factors, our hotel-operating business partners may not be able to offset such increase by increasing room rates;
•our hotel property is subject to the fluctuating and seasonal demands of business travelers and tourism; and
•our hotel property is subject to general and local economic and social conditions that may affect demand for travel in general, including war and terrorism.
In addition, because our hotel property is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, it is subject to the Cambridge market’s fluctuations in demand, increases in operating costs and increased competition from additions in supply.
We face risks associated with short-term liquid investments.
We may invest cash balancesDue to the COVID-19 pandemic, our hotel closed in March 2020 and did not re-open until October 2020. As a varietyresult of short-term investments thatthe pandemic, the hotel has been operating at a diminished occupancy and generating minimal revenue. The closing of the hotel for more than two fiscal quarters, weak demand and low occupancy since its re-opening, have had, and are intendedexpected to preserve principal value and maintain a high degree of liquidity while providing current income. From timecontinue to time, these investments may include (either directly or indirectly):
direct obligations issued by the U.S. Treasury;
obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies;
taxable municipal securities;
obligations (including certificates of deposit) of banks and thrifts;
commercial paper and other instruments consisting of short-term U.S. dollar denominated obligations issued by corporations and banks;
repurchase agreements collateralized by corporate and asset-backed obligations;
both registered and unregistered money market funds; and
other highly rated short-term securities.
Investments in these securities and funds are not insured against loss of principal. Under certain circumstances we may be required to redeem all or part of our investment, and our right to redeem some or all of our investment may be delayed or suspended. In addition, there is no guarantee that our investments in these securities or funds will be redeemable at par value. A decline in the value of our investment or a delay or suspension of our right to redeem may have, a material adverse effect on our resultsthe hotel’s operations. We expect hotel occupancy to remain low until a sufficient number of operations or financial condition. people have been vaccinated and the demand for travel and leisure returns to historical levels.
Our success depends on key personnel whose continued service isWe did not guaranteed.obtain new owner’s title insurance policies in connection with properties acquired during BXP’s initial public offering.
We depend on the efforts of key personnel, particularly Owen D. Thomas, Chief Executive Officer, Douglas T. Linde, President, and Raymond A. Ritchey, Senior Executive Vice President. Among the reasons that Messrs. Thomas, Linde and Ritchey are important to our success is that each has a national reputation, which attracts business and investment opportunities and assists us in negotiations with lenders, joint venture partners and other

investors. If we lost their services, our relationships with lenders, potential tenants and industry personnel could diminish.
Our Chief Financial Officer and Regional Managers also have strong reputations. Their reputations aid us in identifying opportunities, having opportunities brought to us, and negotiating with tenants and build-to-suit prospects. While we believe that we could find replacements for these key personnel, the loss of their services could materially and adversely affect our operations because of diminished relationships with lenders, prospective tenants and industry personnel. 
Compliance or failure to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act or other safety regulations and requirements could result in substantial costs.
The Americans with Disabilities Act generally requires that certain buildings, including office buildings, residential buildings and hotels, be made accessible to disabled persons. Noncompliance could result in the imposition of fines by the federal government or the award of damages to private litigants. If, under the Americans with Disabilities Act, we are required to make substantial alterations and capital expenditures in one or moreacquired many of our properties includingfrom our predecessors at the removalcompletion of access barriers, it could adversely affect our financial condition and resultsBXP’s initial public offering in June 1997. Before we acquired these properties, each of operations, as well asthem was insured by a title insurance policy. We did not obtain new owner’s title insurance policies in connection with the acquisition of these properties. To the extent we have financed properties after acquiring them in connection with the initial public offering, we have obtained new title insurance policies, however, the amount of cash availablethese policies may be less than the current or future value of the applicable properties. Nevertheless, because in many instances we acquired these properties indirectly by acquiring ownership of the entity that owned the property and those owners remain in existence as our subsidiaries, some of these title insurance policies may continue to benefit us. Many of these title insurance policies may be for distributionamounts less than the current or future values of the applicable properties. If there was a title defect related to our securityholders.
Ourany of these properties, are subjector to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local fire and life safety requirements. If we fail to comply with these requirements,any of the properties acquired at the time of the initial public offering of BXP, that is no longer covered by a title insurance policy, we could incur fineslose both our capital invested in and our anticipated profits from such property. We have obtained title insurance policies for all properties that we have acquired after the initial public offering of BXP, however, these policies may be for amounts less than the current or private damage awards. We do not know whether existing requirements will change or whether compliance with future requirements will require significant unanticipated expenditures that will affect our cash flow and resultsvalues of operations.the applicable properties. 
Failure to comply with Federal Government contractor requirements could result in substantial costs and loss of substantial revenue.
As of December 31, 2018, the U.S. Government was our largest tenant by square feet. We are subject to compliance with a wide variety of complex legal requirements because we are a Federal Government contractor. These laws regulate how we conduct business, require us to administer various compliance programs and require us to impose compliance responsibilities on some of our contractors. Our failure to comply with these laws could subject us to fines, penalties and damages, cause us to be in default of our leases and other contracts with the federal Government and bar us from entering into future leases and other contracts with the federal Government. There can be no assurance that these costs and loss of revenue will not have a material adverse effect on our properties, operations or business.
Some potential losses are not covered by insurance.
Our property insurance program per occurrence limits are $1.0 billion for its portfolio insurance program, including coverage for acts of terrorism other than nuclear, biological, chemical or radiological terrorism (“Terrorism Coverage”). We also carry $250 million of Terrorism Coverage for 601 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York (“601 Lexington Avenue”) in excess of the $1.0 billion of coverage in our property insurance program. Certain properties, including the General Motors Building located at 767 Fifth Avenue in New York, New York (“767 Fifth Avenue”), are currently insured in separate insurance programs. The property insurance program per occurrence limits for 767 Fifth Avenue are $1.625 billion, including Terrorism Coverage. We also currently carry nuclear, biological, chemical and radiological terrorism insurance coverage for acts of terrorism certified under the Federal Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (as amended, “TRIA”) (“NBCR Coverage”), which is provided by IXP as a direct insurer, for the properties in our portfolio, including 767 Fifth Avenue, but excluding certain other properties owned in joint ventures with third parties or which we manage. The per occurrence limit for NBCR Coverage is $1.0 billion. Under TRIA, after the payment of the required deductible and coinsurance, the NBCR Coverage provided by IXP is
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backstopped by the Federal Government if the aggregate industry insured losses resulting from a certified act of terrorism exceed a “program trigger.” In 2018, theThe program trigger was $160is $200 million, the coinsurance is 20% and the coinsurance was 18%, however, both will increase in subsequent years pursuantdeductible is 20% of the premiums earned by the insurer for the year prior to TRIA.a claim. If the Federal Government pays out for a loss under TRIA, it is mandatory that the Federal Government recoup the full amount of the loss from insurers offering TRIA coverage after the payment of the loss pursuant to a formula in TRIA. We may elect to terminate the NBCR Coverage if the Federal Government seeks recoupment for losses paid under TRIA, if TRIA is not extended after its expiration on December 31, 2020,2027, if there is a change in our portfolio or for any other reason. We intend to continue to monitor the scope, nature and cost of available terrorism insurance.

We also currently carry earthquake insurance on our properties located in areas known to be subject to earthquakes. In addition, this insurance is subject to a deductible in the amount of 3% of the value of the affected property. Specifically, we currently carry earthquake insurance which covers our San Francisco and Los Angeles regions with a $240 million per occurrence limit and a $240 million annual aggregate limit, $20 million of which is provided by IXP, as a direct insurer. The amount of our earthquake insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover losses from earthquakes. In addition, the amount of earthquake coverage could impact our ability to finance properties subject to earthquake risk. We may discontinue earthquake insurance or change the structure of our earthquake insurance program on some or all of our properties in the future if the premiums exceed our estimation of the value of the coverage.
IXP, a captive insurance company which is a wholly-owned subsidiary, acts as a direct insurer with respect to a portion of our earthquake insurance coverage for our Greater San Francisco and Los Angeles properties and our NBCR Coverage. Insofar as we own IXP, we are responsible for its liquidity and capital resources, and the accounts of IXP are part of our consolidated financial statements. In particular, if a loss occurs which is covered by our NBCR Coverage but is less than the applicable program trigger under TRIA, IXP would be responsible for the full amount of the loss without any backstop by the Federal Government. IXP would also be responsible for any recoupment charges by the Federal Government in the event losses are paid out and its insurance policy is maintained after the payout by the Federal Government. If we experience a loss and IXP is required to pay under its insurance policy, we would ultimately record the loss to the extent of the required payment. Therefore, insurance coverage provided by IXP should not be considered as the equivalent of third-party insurance, but rather as a modified form of self-insurance. In addition, BPLP has issued a guarantee to cover liabilities of IXP in the amount of $20.0 million.
The mortgages onDue to the current COVID-19 pandemic, we anticipate the possibility of business interruption, loss of lease revenue and/or other associated expenses related to our properties typically contain requirements concerning the financial ratingsoperations across our portfolio. Because this is an ongoing situation it is not yet possible to quantify our losses and expenses, which continue to develop. Because of the insurers who providecomplexity of our insurance policies coveringand limited precedent for claims being made related to pandemics, it is not yet possible to determine if such losses and expenses will be covered by our insurance policies. Therefore, at this time, we are providing notice to the property. We provide the lenders on a regular basis with the identityapplicable insurers of the insurance companiespotential for claims in order to protect our insurance programs. The ratings of some ofrights under our insurers are below the rating requirements in some of our loan agreements and the lenders for these loans could attempt to claim that an event of default has occurred under the loan. We believe we could obtain insurance with insurers which satisfy the rating requirements. Additionally, in the future, our ability to obtain debt financing secured by individual properties, or the terms of such financing, may be adversely affected if lenders generally insist on ratings for insurers or amounts of insurance which are difficult to obtain or which result in a commercially unreasonable premium. There can be no assurance that a deficiency in the financial ratings of one or more of our insurers will not have a material adverse effect on us.policies.
We continue to monitor the state of the insurance market in general, and the scope and costs of coverage for acts of terrorism, and California earthquake risk and pandemics, in particular, but we cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in future policy years. There are other types of losses, such as from wars, for which we cannot obtain insurance at all or at a reasonable cost. With respect to such losses and losses from acts of terrorism, earthquakes or other catastrophic events, if we experience a loss that is uninsured or that exceeds policy limits, we could lose the capital invested in the damaged properties, as well as the anticipated future revenues from those properties. Depending on the specific circumstances of each affected property, it is possible that we could be liable for mortgage indebtedness or other obligations related to the property. Any such loss could materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition and results of operations.
Actual or threatened terrorist attacks may adversely affect our ability to generate revenues and the value of our properties.
We have significant investments in large metropolitan markets that have been or may be in the future the targets of actual or threatened terrorism attacks, including Boston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco and Washington, DC. As a result, some tenants in these markets may choose to relocate their businesses to other markets or to lower-profile office buildings within these markets that may be perceived to be less likely targets of future terrorist activity. This could result in an overall decrease in the demand for office space in these markets generally or in our properties in particular, which could increase vacancies in our properties or necessitate that we lease our properties on less favorable terms or both. In addition, future terrorist attacks in these markets could
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directly or indirectly damage our properties, both physically and financially, or cause losses that materially exceed our insurance coverage. As a result of the foregoing, our ability to generate revenues and the value of our properties could decline materially. See also “—Some potential losses are not covered by insurance.” 

We face risks associated with our tenants and contractual counterparties being designated “Prohibited Persons” by the Office of Foreign Assets Control.
Pursuant to Executive Order 13224 and other laws, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury (“OFAC”) maintains a list of persons designated as terrorists or who are otherwise blocked or banned (“Prohibited Persons”). OFAC regulations and other laws prohibit conducting business or engaging in transactions with Prohibited Persons (the “OFAC Requirements”). Certain of our loan and other agreements require us to comply with OFAC Requirements. We have established a compliance program whereby tenants and others with whom we conduct business are checked against the OFAC list of Prohibited Persons prior to entering into any agreement and on a periodic basis thereafter. Our leases and other agreements, in general, require the other party to comply with OFAC Requirements. If a tenant or other party with whom we contract is placed on the OFAC list we may be required by the OFAC Requirements to terminate the lease or other agreement. Any such termination could result in a loss of revenue or a damage claim by the other party that the termination was wrongful. 
We face possible risks associated with the physical effects of climate change.
The physical effects of climate change could have a material adverse effect on our properties, operations and business. For example, many of our properties are located along the East and West coasts, particularly those in the central business districts of Boston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco and Washington, DC. To the extent climate change causes changes in weather patterns, our markets could experience increases in storm intensity, andextreme temperatures, rising sea-levels.sea-levels and/or drought. Over time, these conditions could result in declining demand for office space in our buildings or our inability to operate the buildings at all.costs associated with infrastructure-related remediation projects. Climate change may also have indirect effects on our business by making property insurance unavailable or by increasing the cost of (or making unavailable)(i) property insurance on terms we find acceptable, increasing the cost of(ii) real estate taxes or other assessments, (iii) energy and increasing the cost of snow removal at our properties.(iv) property maintenance. There can be no assurance that climate change will not have a material adverse effect on our properties, operations or business.
For additional discussion regarding our approach to climate resiliency and our continued commitment to transparent reporting of ESG performance indicators, see “Item 1. Business—Business and Growth Strategies—Policies with Respect to Certain Activities—Sustainability” and our annual sustainability report available on our website at http://www.bxp.com under the heading “Sustainability.”
Potential liability for environmental contamination could result in substantial costs.
Under federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, we may be required to investigate and clean up the effects of releases of hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products at or migrating from our properties simply because of our current or past ownership or operation of the real estate. If unidentified environmental problems arise, we may have to make substantial payments, which could adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to make distributions to our securityholders, because: as owner or operator we may have to pay for property damage and for investigation and clean-up costs incurred in connection with the contamination; the law typically imposes clean-up responsibility and liability regardless of whether the owner or operator knew of or caused the contamination; even if more than one person may be responsible for the contamination, each person who shares legal liability under the environmental laws may be held responsible for all of the clean-up costs; and governmental entities and third parties may sue the owner or operator of a contaminated site for damages and costs.
These costs could be substantial and in extreme cases could exceed the amount of our insurance or the value of the contaminated property. We currently carry environmental insurance in an amount and subject to deductibles that we believe are commercially reasonable. Specifically, we carry a pollution legal liability policy with a $20 million limit per incident and a policy aggregate limit of $40 million. The presence or migration of hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products or the failure to properly remediate contamination may give rise to third-party claims for bodily injury, property damage and/or response costs and may materially and adversely affect our ability to borrow against, sell or rent an affected property. In addition, applicable environmental laws create liens on contaminated sites in favor of the government for damages and costs it incurs in connection with contamination. Changes in laws, regulations and practices and their implementation increasing the potential liability for
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environmental conditions existing at our properties, or increasing the restrictions on the handling, storage or discharge of hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products or other actions may result in significant unanticipated expenditures.
Environmental laws also govern the presence, maintenance and removal of asbestos and other building materials. For example, laws require that owners or operators of buildings containing asbestos: 
•properly manage and maintain the asbestos;
•notify and train those who may come into contact with asbestos; and

•undertake special precautions, including removal or other abatement, if asbestos would be disturbed during renovation or demolition of a building.
Such laws may impose fines and penalties on building owners or operators who fail to comply with these requirements and may allow third parties to seek recovery from owners or operators for personal injury associated with exposure to asbestos fibers. 
Some of our properties are located in urban and previously developed areas where fill or current or historic industrial uses of the areas have caused site contamination. It is our policy to retain independent environmental consultants to conduct or update Phase I environmental site assessments and asbestos surveys with respect to our acquisition of properties. These assessments generally include a visual inspection of the properties and the surrounding areas, an examination of current and historical uses of the properties and the surrounding areas and a review of relevant state, federal and historical documents, but do not involve invasive techniques such as soil and ground water sampling. Where appropriate, on a property-by-property basis, our practice is to have these consultants conduct additional testing, including sampling for asbestos, for lead and other contaminants in drinking water and, for soil and/or groundwater contamination where underground storage tanks are or were located or where other past site usage creates a potential environmental problem. Even though these environmental assessments are conducted, there is still the risk that: 
•the environmental assessments and updates did not identify or properly address all potential environmental liabilities;
•a prior owner created a material environmental condition that is not known to us or the independent consultants preparing the assessments;
•new environmental liabilities have developed since the environmental assessments were conducted; and
•future uses or conditions such as changes in applicable environmental laws and regulations could result in environmental liability for us.
Inquiries about indoor air quality may necessitate special investigation and, depending on the results, remediation beyond our regular indoor air quality testing and maintenance programs. Indoor air quality issues can stem from inadequate ventilation, chemical contaminants from indoor or outdoor sources, and biological contaminants such as molds, pollen, viruses and bacteria. Indoor exposure to chemical or biological contaminants above certain levels can be alleged to be connected to allergic reactions or other adverse health effects and symptoms in susceptible individuals.effects. If these conditions were to occur at one of our properties, we may be subject to third-party claims for personal injury, or may need to undertake a targeted remediation program, including without limitation, special cleaning measures and steps to increase indoor ventilation rates and eliminate sources of contaminants. Such remediation programs could be costly, necessitate the temporary relocation of some or all of the property’s tenants or require rehabilitation of the affected property. 
We face risks associatedCompliance or failure to comply with security breaches through cyber attacks, cyber intrusions or otherwise, as well as other significant disruptions of our information technology (IT) networks and related systems.
We face risks associatedthe Americans with security breaches, whether through cyber attacks or cyber intrusions over the Internet, malware, computer viruses, attachments to e-mails, persons inside our organization or persons with access to systems inside our organization, and other significant disruptions of our IT networks and related systems. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber attack or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. Our IT networks and related systems are essential to the operation of our business and our ability to perform day-to-day operations (including managing our building systems) and, in some cases, may be critical to the operations of certain of our tenants. Although we make efforts to maintain the security and integrity of these types of IT networks and related systems, and we have implemented various measures to manage the risk of a security breach or disruption, there can be no assurance that our security efforts and measures will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging. Even the most well-protected information, networks, systems and facilities remain potentially vulnerable because the techniques used in such attempted security breaches evolve and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, and in some cases, are designed not be detected and, in fact, may not be detected. Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate security barriersDisabilities Act or other preventative measures,safety regulations and thus it is impossible for us to entirely mitigate this risk.

A security breach or other significant disruption involving our IT networks and related systems could:
disrupt the proper functioning of our networks and systems and therefore our operations and/or those of certain of our tenants;
requirements could result in misstated financial reports, violations of loan covenants, missed reporting deadlines and/or missed permitting deadlines;substantial costs.
result in our inabilityThe Americans with Disabilities Act generally requires that certain buildings, including office buildings, residential buildings and hotels, be made accessible to properly monitor our compliance with the rules and regulations regarding BXP’s qualification as a REIT;
disabled persons. Noncompliance could result in the unauthorized accessimposition of fines by the federal government or the award of damages to private litigants. If, under the Americans with Disabilities Act, we are required to make substantial alterations and destruction, loss, theft, misappropriationcapital expenditures in one or release of, proprietary, confidential, sensitive or otherwise valuable information of ours or others, which others could use to compete against us or which could expose us to damage claims by third-parties for disruptive, destructive or otherwise harmful purposes and outcomes;
result in our inability to maintain the building systems relied upon by our tenants for the efficient use of their leased space;
require significant management attention and resources to remedy any damages that result;
subject us to claims for breach of contract, damages, credits, penalties or termination of leases or other agreements; and
damage our reputation among our tenants and investors generally.
Any or all of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
We did not obtain new owner’s title insurance policies in connection with properties acquired during BXP’s initial public offering.
We acquired manymore of our properties, from our predecessors atincluding the completionremoval of BXP’s initial public offering in June 1997. Before we acquired these properties, each of them was insured by a title insurance policy. We did not obtain new owner’s title insurance policies in connection with the acquisition of these properties. To the extent we have financed properties after acquiring them in connection with the initial public offering, we have obtained new title insurance policies, however, the amount of these policies may be less than the current or future value of the applicable properties. Nevertheless, because in many instances we acquired these properties indirectly by acquiring ownership of the entity that owned the property and those owners remain in existence as our subsidiaries, some of these title insurance policies may continue to benefit us. Many of these title insurance policies may be for amounts less than the current or future values of the applicable properties. If there was a title defect related to any of these properties, or to any of the properties acquired at the time of the initial public offering of BXP, that is no longer covered by a title insurance policy, we could lose both our capital invested in and our anticipated profits from such property. We have obtained title insurance policies for all properties that we have acquired after the initial public offering of BXP, however, these policies may be for amounts less than the current or future values of the applicable properties. 
We may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes that could negatively impact our financial condition.
At any time, the U.S. federal income tax laws governing REITs or the administrative interpretations of those laws may be amended, including with respect to our hotel ownership structure. We cannot predict if or when any new U.S. federal income tax law, regulation, or administrative interpretation, or any amendment to any existing U.S. federal income tax law, Treasury regulation or administrative interpretation, will be adopted, promulgated or become effective and any such law, regulation, or interpretation may take effect retroactively. BXP, its taxable REIT subsidiaries, and our securityholders could be adversely affected by any such change in, or any new, U.S. federal income tax law, Treasury regulation or administrative interpretation.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “TCJA”), signed into law on December 22, 2017, represents sweeping tax reform legislation that makes significant changes to corporate and individual tax rates and the calculation of taxes.  While we currently do not expect the TCJA will have a significant direct impact on us,access barriers, it may impact us indirectly as our tenants and the jurisdictions in which we do business as well as the overall investment thesis for REITs may be impacted both positively and negatively in ways that are difficult to predict. Additionally, the overall

impact of the TCJA depends on future interpretations and regulations that may be issued by federal tax authorities, as well as changes in state and local taxation in response to the TCJA, and it is possible that such future interpretations, regulations and other changes could adversely impact us.
We face possible adverse state local tax audits and changes in state and local tax law.
Because BXP is organized and qualifies as a REIT, it is generally not subject to federal income taxes, but we are subject to certain state and local taxes. In the normal course of business, certain entities through which we own real estate either have undergone, or are currently undergoing, tax audits. Although we believe that we have substantial arguments in favor of our positions in the ongoing audits, in some instances there is no controlling precedent or interpretive guidance on the specific point at issue. Collectively, tax deficiency notices received to date from the jurisdictions conducting the ongoing audits have not been material. However, there can be no assurance that future audits will not occur with increased frequency or that the ultimate result of such audits will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
From time to time changes in state and local tax laws or regulations are enacted, which may result in an increase in our tax liability. A shortfall in tax revenues for states and municipalities in which we operate may lead to an increase in the frequency and size of such changes. If such changes occur, we may be required to pay additional taxes on our assets or income. These increased tax costs could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations, andas well as the amount of cash available for distribution to our securityholders.
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Our properties are subject to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local fire and life safety requirements. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we could incur fines or private damage awards. We do not know whether existing requirements will change or whether compliance with future requirements will require significant unanticipated expenditures that will affect our cash flow and results of operations.
Any future international activities will be subject to special risks and we may not be able to effectively manage our international business.
We have underwritten, and in the paymentfuture may acquire, properties, portfolios of dividendsproperties or interests in real estate-related entities on a strategic or selective basis in international markets that are new to us. If we acquire properties or platforms located in these markets, we will face risks associated with a lack of market knowledge and understanding of the local economy, forging new business relationships in the area and unfamiliarity with local laws and government and permitting procedures. In addition, our international operations will be subject to the usual risks of doing business abroad such as possible revisions in tax treaties or other laws and regulations, including those governing the taxation of our international income, restrictions on the transfer of funds and uncertainty over terrorist activities. We cannot predict the likelihood that any of these developments may occur. Further, we may in the future enter into agreements with non-U.S. entities that are governed by the laws of, and are subject to dispute resolution in the courts of, another country or region. We cannot accurately predict whether such a forum would provide us with an effective and efficient means of resolving disputes that may arise.
Investments in international markets may also subject us to risks associated with funding increasing headcount, integrating new offices, and establishing effective controls and procedures to regulate the operations of new offices and to monitor compliance with U.S. laws and regulations such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar foreign laws and regulations, such as the U.K. Bribery Act.
We may be subject to risks from potential fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies of the other countries in which we invest.
If we invest in countries where the U.S. dollar is not the national currency, we will be subject to international currency risks from the potential fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies of those other countries. A significant depreciation in the value of the currency of one or more countries where we have a significant investment may materially affect our results of operations. We may attempt to mitigate any such effects by borrowing in the currency of the country in which we are investing and, under certain circumstances, by hedging exchange rate fluctuations; however, access to capital may be more restricted, or unavailable on favorable terms or at all, in certain locations. For leases denominated in international currencies, we may use derivative financial instruments to manage the international currency exchange risk. We cannot assure you, however, that our efforts will successfully neutralize all international currency risks.
Risks Related to Our Indebtedness and Financing
An increase in interest rates would increase our interest costs on variable rate debt and could adversely impact our ability to refinance existing debt or sell assets on favorable terms or at all.
As of February 22, 2021, we had approximately $500 million of outstanding indebtedness, excluding our unconsolidated joint ventures, that bears interest at variable rates, and we may incur more indebtedness in the future. If interest rates increase, then so would the interest costs on our unhedged variable rate debt, which could adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to pay principal and interest on our debt and our ability to make distributions to our securityholders.
LitigationFurther, rising interest rates could have a material adverse effect.
limit our ability to refinance existing debt when it matures or significantly increase our future interest expense. From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedingsenter into interest rate swap agreements and other claims. We mayinterest rate hedging contracts, including swaps, caps and floors. While these agreements are intended to lessen the impact of rising interest rates on us, they also expose us to the risk that the other parties to the agreements will not perform, we could incur significant costs associated with the settlement of the agreements, the agreements will be namedunenforceable and the underlying transactions will fail to qualify as defendantshighly-effective cash flow hedges under guidance included in lawsuits allegedly arising out ofASC 815 “Derivatives and Hedging.” In addition, an increase in interest rates could decrease the amounts third-parties are willing to pay for our actions or the actions ofassets, thereby limiting our vendors, contractors, tenantsability to change our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other contractual partiesconditions.
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Covenants in our debt agreements could adversely affect our financial condition.
The mortgages on our properties contain customary covenants such as those that limit our ability, without the prior consent of the lender, to further mortgage the applicable property or to modify or discontinue insurance coverage. Our unsecured credit facility, unsecured debt securities and certain secured loans contain customary restrictions, requirements and other limitations on our ability to incur indebtedness, including total debt to asset ratios, secured debt to total asset ratios, debt service coverage ratios and minimum ratios of unencumbered assets to unsecured debt, which we must maintain. Our continued ability to borrow under our credit facilities is subject to compliance with our financial and other covenants. In addition, our failure to comply with such parties have agreedcovenants could cause a default under the applicable debt agreement, and we may then be required to indemnify, defendrepay such debt with capital from other sources. Under those circumstances, other sources of capital may not be available to us, or be available only on unattractive terms. Additionally, in the future our ability to satisfy current or prospective lenders’ insurance requirements may be adversely affected if lenders generally insist upon greater insurance coverage against acts of terrorism or losses resulting from earthquakes than is available to us in the marketplace or on commercially reasonable terms.
We rely on debt financing, including borrowings under our unsecured credit facility, issuances of unsecured debt securities and hold us harmlessdebt secured by individual properties, to finance our existing portfolio, our acquisition and development activities and for working capital. If we are unable to obtain debt financing from and against various claims, litigation and liabilities arising in connection with their respective businesses and/or added as an additional insured under certain insurance policies. An unfavorable resolution of any legal proceedingthese or other claim could have a material adverse effect onsources, or to refinance existing indebtedness upon maturity, our financial condition orand results fromof operations would likely be adversely affected. If we breach covenants in our debt agreements, the lenders can declare a default and, if the debt is secured, can take possession of the property securing the defaulted loan. In addition, our unsecured debt agreements contain specific cross-default provisions with respect to specified other indebtedness, giving the unsecured lenders the right to declare a default if we are in default under other loans in some circumstances. Defaults under our debt agreements could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Regardless
We face risks associated with the use of its outcome, legal proceedingsdebt to fund acquisitions and other claims may result in substantial costsdevelopments, including refinancing risk.
We are subject to the risks normally associated with debt financing, including the risk that our cash flow will be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and expenses and significantly divertinterest. We anticipate that only a small portion of the attentionprincipal of our management. Withdebt will be repaid prior to maturity. Therefore, we are likely to need to refinance at least a portion of our outstanding debt as it matures. There is a risk that we may not be able to refinance existing debt or that the terms of any refinancing will not be as favorable as the terms of our existing debt. If principal payments due at maturity cannot be refinanced, extended or repaid with proceeds from other sources, such as new equity capital, our cash flow may not be sufficient to repay all maturing debt in years when significant “balloon” payments come due. In addition, we may rely on debt to fund a portion of our new investments such as our acquisition and development activity. There is a risk that we may be unable to finance these activities on favorable terms or at all. These conditions, which increase the cost and reduce the availability of debt, may continue or worsen in the future.
We have had and may have in the future agreements with a number of limited partners of BPLP who contributed properties in exchange for partnership interests that require BPLP to maintain for specified periods of time secured debt on certain of our assets and/or allocate partnership debt to such limited partners to enable them to continue to defer recognition of their taxable gain with respect to any legal proceedingthe contributed property. These tax protection and debt allocation agreements may restrict our ability to repay or refinance debt.As of December 31, 2020, we had no tax protection or debt allocation agreement requirements that could restrict our ability to repay or finance debt.
Our degree of leverage could limit our ability to obtain additional financing or affect the market price of our equity and debt securities.
As of February 22, 2021, our Consolidated Debt was approximately $12.2 billion (excluding unconsolidated joint venture debt).
The following table presents Consolidated Market Capitalization as well as the corresponding ratios of Consolidated Debt to Consolidated Market Capitalization (dollars and shares / units in thousands):
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February 22, 2021
Shares / Units OutstandingCommon Stock EquivalentEquivalent Value (1)
Common Stock155,806 155,806 $15,029,047 
Common Operating Partnership Units17,685 17,685 1,705,895 (2)
5.25% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock80 — 200,000 
Total Equity (A)173,491 $16,934,942 
Consolidated Debt (B)$12,197,229 
Consolidated Market Capitalization (A + B)$29,132,171 
Consolidated Debt/Consolidated Market Capitalization [B / (A + B)]41.87 %
_______________  
(1)Except for the Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, which is at the liquidation preference of $2,500 per share, values are based on the closing price per share of BXP’s Common Stock on February 22, 2021 of $96.46.
(2)Includes LTIP Units (including 2012 OPP Units and 2013 - 2018 MYLTIP Units), but excludes MYLTIP Units granted between 2019 and 2021.
Our degree of leverage could affect our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, development or other claim,general corporate purposes. Our senior unsecured debt is currently rated investment grade by two major rating agencies. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to prevail, maintain this rating, and in the event our senior debt is downgraded from its current rating, we would likely incur higher borrowing costs and/or achievedifficulty in obtaining additional financing. Our degree of leverage could also make us more vulnerable to a favorable settlement or outcome, or that our insurancedownturn in business or the insuranceeconomy generally. There is a risk that changes in our debt to market capitalization ratio, which is in part a function of BXP’s stock price, or BPLP’s ratio of indebtedness to other measures of asset value used by financial analysts may have an adverse effect on the market price of our equity or debt securities.
We may be adversely affected by the potential discontinuation of LIBOR.
In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority (the “FCA”) announced it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. As a result, the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York organized the Alternative Reference Rates Committee which identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as its preferred alternative to USD-LIBOR. We are not able to predict when LIBOR will cease to be published or precisely how SOFR will be calculated and published. Any changes adopted by the FCA or other governing bodies in the method used for determining LIBOR may result in a sudden or prolonged increase or decrease in reported LIBOR. If that were to occur, our interest payments could change. In addition, uncertainty about the extent and manner of future changes may result in interest rates and/or payments that are higher or lower than if LIBOR were to remain available in its current form.
We have contracts that are indexed to LIBOR and are monitoring and evaluating the related risks, which include interest amounts on our variable rate debt, our unconsolidated joint ventures’ variable rate debt and the swap rate for our unconsolidated joint ventures’ interest rate swaps. In the event that LIBOR is discontinued, the interest rates will be based on an alternative variable rate specified in the applicable documentation governing such debt or swaps or as otherwise agreed upon. Such an event would not affect our ability to borrow or maintain already outstanding borrowings or swaps, but the alternative variable rate could be higher and more volatile than LIBOR prior to its discontinuance. 
Certain risks arise in connection with transitioning contracts to an alternative variable rate, including any contractual indemnitiesresulting value transfer that may occur. The value of loans, securities, or derivative instruments tied to LIBOR could also be impacted if LIBOR is limited or discontinued. For some instruments, the method of transitioning to an alternative rate may be challenging, as they may require substantial negotiation with each respective counterparty. If a contract is not transitioned to an alternative variable rate and LIBOR is discontinued, the impact is likely to vary by contract. If LIBOR is discontinued or if the method of calculating LIBOR changes from its current form, interest rates on our current or future indebtedness may be adversely affected.
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While we expect LIBOR to be available in substantially its current form until the end of 2021, it is possible that LIBOR will become unavailable prior to that point. This could result, for example, if sufficient banks decline to make submissions to the LIBOR administrator. In that case, the risks associated with the transition to an alternative variable rate will be accelerated and magnified.
We face risks associated with short-term liquid investments.
We may invest cash balances in a variety of short-term investments that are intended to preserve principal value and maintain a high degree of liquidity while providing current income. From time to time, these investments may include (either directly or indirectly):
•direct obligations issued by the U.S. Treasury;
•obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies;
•taxable municipal securities;
•obligations (including certificates of deposit) of banks and thrifts;
•commercial paper and other instruments consisting of short-term U.S. dollar denominated obligations issued by corporations and banks;
•repurchase agreements collateralized by corporate and asset-backed obligations;
•both registered and unregistered money market funds; and
•other highly rated short-term securities.
Investments in these securities and funds are not insured against loss of principal. Under certain circumstances we may be required to redeem all or part of our vendors, contractors, tenantsinvestment, and our right to redeem some or other contractual parties will be enough to cover all of our defense costsinvestment may be delayed or any resulting liabilities.
Changessuspended. In addition, there is no guarantee that our investments in accounting pronouncements could adversely affect our operating results,these securities or funds will be redeemable at par value. A decline in addition to the reported financial performancevalue of our tenants.
Accounting policies and methods are fundamental to how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. Uncertainties posed by various initiatives of accounting standard-setting by the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission, which create and interpret applicable accounting standards for U.S. companies, may change the financial accounting and reporting standardsinvestment or their interpretation and application of these standards that govern the preparationa delay or suspension of our financial statements. Changes include, but are not limitedright to changes in revenue recognition, lease accounting and the adoption of accounting standards likely to require the increased use of “fair-value” measures.
These changes couldredeem may have a material impactadverse effect on our reported financial condition and results of operations. In some cases, we could be required to apply a new or revised standard retroactively, resulting in potentially material restatements of prior period financial statements. Similarly, these changes could have a material impact on our tenants’ reported financial condition or results of operations or financial condition. 
Risks Related to Our Organization and Structure
Conflicts of interest exist with holders of interests in BPLP.
Sales of properties and repayment of related indebtedness will have different effects on holders of interests in BPLP than on BXP’s stockholders.
Some holders of interests in BPLP could affect our tenants’ preferences regarding leasing real estate.
Failure to qualify as a REIT would cause BXP to be taxed as a corporation, which would substantially reduce funds available for payment of dividends.
If BXP fails to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, it will be taxed as a corporation unless certain relief provisions apply. We believe that BXP is organized and qualified as a REIT and intends to operate in a manner that will allow BXP to continue to qualify as a REIT. However, we cannot assure you that BXP is qualified as such, or that it will remain qualified as such in the future. This is because qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex provisions of the Internal Revenue Code as to which there are only

limited judicial and administrative interpretations and involves the determination of facts and circumstances not entirely within our control. Future legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions may significantly change the tax laws or the application of the tax laws with respect to qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes or the federal incomeincur adverse tax consequences upon the sale of such qualification.
In addition, we currently hold certain of our properties through subsidiaries thatand on the repayment of related debt which differ from the tax consequences to BXP and its stockholders. Consequently, such holders of partnership interests in BPLP may have electeddifferent objectives regarding the appropriate pricing and timing of any such sale or repayment of debt. While BXP has exclusive authority under the limited partnership agreement of BPLP to be taxed as REITsdetermine when to refinance or repay debt or whether, when, and weon what terms to sell a property, subject, in the case of certain properties, to the contractual commitments described below, any such decision would require the approval of BXP’s Board of Directors. While the Board of Directors has a policy with respect to these matters directors and executive officers could exercise their influence in a manner inconsistent with the interests of some, or a majority, of BXP’s stockholders, including in a manner which could prevent completion of a sale of a property or the repayment of indebtedness.
Agreement not to sell some properties.
We have had and may have in the future determineagreements with the contributors of some properties that it iswe have acquired in our bestexchange for partnership interests in BPLP pursuant to hold onewhich we have agreed not to sell or more of our otherotherwise transfer the properties, through one or more subsidiariesprior to specified dates, in any transaction that elect to be taxed as REITs. If any of these subsidiaries fails to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, then BXP may also fail to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.
If BXP or any of its subsidiaries that are REITs fails to qualify as a REIT then, unless certain relief provisions apply, it will face serious tax consequences that will substantially reduce the funds available for payment of dividends for each of the years involved because:
BXP would not be allowed a deduction for dividends paid to stockholders in computing itstrigger taxable income and would be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates;
BXP also could be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax for tax years ending before January 1, 2018 and possibly increased state and local taxes; and
unless BXP is entitled to relief under statutory provisions, BXP could not elect to be subject to tax as a REIT for four taxable years following the year during which it was disqualified.
contributor. In addition, we are responsible for the reimbursement of certain tax-related costs to the prior owners if BXP failsthe subject properties are sold in a taxable sale. In general, our obligations to qualify as a REITthe prior owners are limited in time and only apply to actual damages suffered.
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Also, BPLP has had and may have in the relief provisions do not apply, it will no longerfuture agreements providing prior owners of properties with the right to guarantee specific amounts of indebtedness and, in the event that the specific indebtedness they guarantee is repaid or reduced, additional and/or substitute indebtedness. These agreements may hinder actions that BPLP may otherwise desire to take to repay or refinance guaranteed indebtedness because BPLP would be required to pay dividends. As a resultmake payments to the beneficiaries of allsuch agreements if it violates these factors, BXP’s failure to qualify as a REIT could impair our ability to raise capital and expand our business, and it would adversely affect the value of BXP’s common stock. If BXP or any of its subsidiaries that are REITs fails to qualify as a REIT but is eligible for certain relief provisions, then it may retain its status as a REIT, but may be required to pay a penalty tax, which could be substantial. agreements.
In order to maintain BXP’s REIT status, we may be forced to borrow funds during unfavorable market conditions.
In order to maintain BXP’s REIT status, we may need to borrow funds on a short-term basis to meet the REIT distribution requirements, even if the then-prevailing market conditions are not favorable for these borrowings. To qualify as a REIT, BXP generally must distribute to its stockholders at least 90% of its taxable income each year, excluding capital gains and with certain other adjustments. In addition, BXP will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which dividends paid in any calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of ordinary income, 95% of capital gain net income and 100% of undistributed income from prior years. We may need short-term debt or long-term debt or proceeds from asset sales, creation of joint ventures or sales of common stock to fund required distributions as a result of differences in timing between the actual receipt of income and the recognition of income for federal income tax purposes, or the effect of non-deductible capital expenditures, the creation of reserves or required debt or amortization payments. Any inability of our cash flows to cover our distribution requirements could have an adverse impact on our ability to raise short- and long-term debt or sell equity securities in order to fund distributions required to maintain BXP’s REIT status. 
Limits on changes in control may discourage takeover attempts beneficial to stockholders.
Provisions in BXP’s charter and bylaws, BXP’s shareholder rights agreement and the limited partnership agreement of BPLP, as well as provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and Delaware corporate law, may:
•delay or prevent a change of control over BXP or a tender offer, even if such action might be beneficial to BXP’s stockholders; and
•limit BXP’s stockholders’ opportunity to receive a potential premium for their shares of common stock over then-prevailing market prices.
Stock Ownership Limit
To facilitate maintenance of BXP’s qualification as a REIT and to otherwise address concerns relating to concentration of stock ownership, BXP’s charter generally prohibits ownership, directly, indirectly or beneficially, by any single stockholder of more than 6.6% of the number of outstanding shares of any class or series of its common stock. We refer to this limitation as the “ownership limit.” BXP’s Board of Directors may waive, in its sole discretion,

or modify the ownership limit with respect to one or more persons if it is satisfied that ownership in excess of this limit will not jeopardize BXP’s status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. In addition, under BXP’s charter, each of Mortimer B. Zuckerman and the respective families and affiliates of Mortimer B. Zuckerman and Edward H. Linde, as well as, in general, pension plans and mutual funds, may actually and beneficially own up to 15% of the number of outstanding shares of any class or series of BXP’s equity common stock. Shares owned in violation of the ownership limit will be subject to the loss of rights to distributions and voting and other penalties. The ownership limit may have the effect of inhibiting or impeding a change in control.
BPLP’s Partnership Agreement
BXP has agreed in the limited partnership agreement of BPLP not to engage in specified extraordinary transactions, including, among others, business combinations, unless limited partners of BPLP other than BXP receives, or have the opportunity to receive, either (1) the same consideration for their partnership interests as holders of BXP common stock in the transaction or (2) limited partnership units that, among other things, would entitle the holders, upon redemption of these units, to receive shares of common equity of a publicly traded company or the same consideration as holders of BXP common stock received in the transaction. If these limited partners would not receive such consideration, we cannot engage in the transaction unless limited partners holding at least 75% of the common units of limited partnership interest, other than those held by BXP or its affiliates, consent to the transaction. In addition, BXP has agreed in the limited partnership agreement of BPLP that it will not complete specified extraordinary transactions, including among others, business combinations, in which BXP receive the approval of its common stockholders unless (1) limited partners holding at least 75% of the common units of limited partnership interest, other than those held by BXP or its affiliates, consent to the transaction or (2) the limited partners of BPLP are also allowed to vote and the transaction would have been approved had these limited partners been able to vote as common stockholders on the transaction. Therefore, if BXP’s common stockholders approve a specified extraordinary transaction, the partnership agreement requires the following before it can complete the transaction:
•holders of partnership interests in BPLP, including BXP, must vote on the matter;
•BXP must vote its partnership interests in the same proportion as its stockholders voted on the transaction; and
•the result of the vote of holders of partnership interests in BPLP must be such that had such vote been a vote of stockholders, the business combination would have been approved.
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With respect to specified extraordinary transactions, BXP has agreed in BPLP’s partnership agreement to use its commercially reasonable efforts to structure such a transaction to avoid causing its limited partners to recognize gain for federal income tax purposes by virtue of the occurrence of or their participation in such a transaction.
As a result of these provisions, a potential acquirer may be deterred from making an acquisition proposal, and BXP may be prohibited by contract from engaging in a proposed extraordinary transaction, including a proposed business combination, even though BXP stockholders approve of the transaction.
We may change our policies without obtaining the approval of our stockholders.
Our operating and financial policies, including our policies with respect to acquisitions of real estate, growth, operations, indebtedness, capitalization and dividends, are exclusively determined by BXP’s Board of Directors. Accordingly, our securityholders do not control these policies.
Risks Related to BXP’s Status as a REIT
Failure to qualify as a REIT would cause BXP to be taxed as a corporation, which would substantially reduce funds available for payment of dividends.
If BXP fails to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, it will be taxed as a corporation unless certain relief provisions apply. We believe that BXP is organized and qualified as a REIT and intends to operate in a manner that will allow BXP to continue to qualify as a REIT. However, we cannot assure you that BXP is qualified as such, or that it will remain qualified as such in the future. This is because qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex provisions of the Internal Revenue Code as to which there are only limited judicial and administrative interpretations and involves the determination of facts and circumstances not entirely within our control. Future legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions may significantly change the tax laws or the application of the tax laws with respect to qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes or the federal income tax consequences of such qualification.
In addition, we currently hold certain of our properties through subsidiaries that have elected to be taxed as REITs and we may in the future determine that it is in our best interests to hold one or more of our other properties through one or more subsidiaries that elect to be taxed as REITs. If any of these subsidiaries fails to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, then BXP may also fail to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.
If BXP or any of its subsidiaries that are REITs fails to qualify as a REIT then, unless certain relief provisions apply, it will face serious tax consequences that will substantially reduce the funds available for payment of dividends for each of the years involved because:
•BXP would not be allowed a deduction for dividends paid to stockholders in computing its taxable income and would be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates;
•BXP also could be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax for tax years ending before January 1, 2018 and possibly increased state and local taxes; and
•unless BXP is entitled to relief under statutory provisions, BXP could not elect to be subject to tax as a REIT for four taxable years following the year during which it was disqualified.
In addition, if BXP fails to qualify as a REIT and the relief provisions do not apply, it will no longer be required to pay dividends. As a result of all these factors, BXP’s failure to qualify as a REIT could impair our ability to raise capital and expand our business, and it would adversely affect the value of BXP’s common stock. If BXP or any of its subsidiaries that are REITs fails to qualify as a REIT but is eligible for certain relief provisions, then it may retain its status as a REIT, but may be required to pay a penalty tax, which could be substantial. 
In order to maintain BXP’s REIT status, we may be forced to borrow funds during unfavorable market conditions.
In order to maintain BXP’s REIT status, we may need to borrow funds on a short-term basis to meet the REIT distribution requirements, even if the then-prevailing market conditions are not favorable for these borrowings. To qualify as a REIT, BXP generally must distribute to its stockholders at least 90% of its taxable income each year, excluding capital gains and with certain other adjustments. In addition, BXP will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which dividends paid in any calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of ordinary income, 95% of capital gain net income and 100% of undistributed income from prior years. We may need
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short-term debt or long-term debt or proceeds from asset sales, creation of joint ventures or sales of common stock to fund required distributions as a result of differences in timing between the actual receipt of income and the recognition of income for federal income tax purposes, or the effect of non-deductible capital expenditures, the creation of reserves or required debt or amortization payments. Any inability of our cash flows to cover our distribution requirements could have an adverse impact on our ability to raise short- and long-term debt or sell equity securities in order to fund distributions required to maintain BXP’s REIT status. 
We may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes that could negatively impact our financial condition.
At any time, the U.S. federal income tax laws governing REITs or the administrative interpretations of those laws may be amended, including with respect to our hotel ownership structure. We cannot predict if or when any new U.S. federal income tax law, regulation, or administrative interpretation, or any amendment to any existing U.S. federal income tax law, Treasury regulation or administrative interpretation, will be adopted, promulgated or become effective and any such law, regulation, or interpretation may take effect retroactively. BXP, its taxable REIT subsidiaries, and our securityholders could be adversely affected by any such change in, or any new, U.S. federal income tax law, Treasury regulation or administrative interpretation.
We face possible adverse state and local tax audits and changes in state and local tax laws.
Because BXP is organized and qualifies as a REIT, it is generally not subject to federal income taxes, but we are subject to certain state and local taxes. In the normal course of business, certain entities through which we own real estate either have undergone, or are currently undergoing, tax audits. Although we believe that we have substantial arguments in favor of our positions in the ongoing audits, in some instances there is no controlling precedent or interpretive guidance on the specific point at issue. Collectively, tax deficiency notices received to date from the jurisdictions conducting the ongoing audits have not been material. However, there can be no assurance that future audits will not occur with increased frequency or that the ultimate result of such audits will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
From time to time changes in state and local tax laws or regulations are enacted, which may result in an increase in our tax liability. A shortfall in tax revenues for states and municipalities in which we operate may lead to an increase in the frequency and size of such changes. If such changes occur, we may be required to pay additional taxes on our assets or income. These increased tax costs could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and the amount of cash available for the payment of dividends and distributions to our securityholders. 
General Risk Factors
Changes in market conditions could adversely affect the market price of BXP’s common stock.
As with other publicly traded equity securities, the value of BXP’s common stock depends on various market conditions that may change from time to time. Among the market conditions that may affect the value of BXP’s common stock are the following:
•the extent of investor interest in our securities;
•the general reputation of REITs and the attractiveness of our equity securities in comparison to other equity securities, including securities issued by other real estate-based companies;
•our underlying asset value;
•investor confidence in the stock and bond markets, generally;
•national economic conditions;
•changes in tax laws;
•our financial performance;

•changes in our credit ratings; and
•general stock and bond market conditions, including changes in interest rates.
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The market value of BXP’s common stock is based primarily upon the market’s perception of our growth potential and our current and potential future earnings and cash dividends. Consequently, BXP’s common stock may trade at prices that are greater or less than BXP’s net asset value per share of common stock. If our future earnings or cash dividends are less than expected, it is likely that the market price of BXP’s common stock will diminish. 
Further issuances of equity securities may be dilutive to current securityholders.
The interests of our existing securityholders could be diluted if additional equity securities are issued to finance future developments, acquisitions or repay indebtedness. Our ability to execute our business strategy depends on our access to an appropriate blend of debt financing, including unsecured lines of credit and other forms of secured and unsecured debt, and equity financing, including common and preferred equity.
The number of shares available for future sale could adversely affect the market price of BXP’s stock.
In connection with and subsequent to BXP’s initial public offering, we have completed many private placement transactions in which shares of stock of BXP or partnership interests in BPLP were issued to owners of properties we acquired or to institutional investors. This common stock, or common stock issuable in exchange for such partnership interests in BPLP, may be sold in the public securities markets over time under registration rights we granted to these investors. Additional common stock issuable under our employee benefit and other incentive plans, including as a result of the grant of stock options and restricted equity securities, may also be sold in the market at some time in the future. Future sales of BXP common stock in the market could adversely affect the price of its common stock. We cannot predict the effect the perception in the market that such sales may occur will have on the market price of BXP’s common stock. 
Litigation could have a material adverse effect.
From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings and other claims. We may change our policies without obtaining the approvalalso be named as defendants in lawsuits allegedly arising out of our stockholders.
Our operatingactions or the actions of our vendors, contractors, tenants or other contractual parties in which such parties have agreed to indemnify, defend and hold us harmless from and against various claims, litigation and liabilities arising in connection with their respective businesses and/or added as an additional insured under certain insurance policies. An unfavorable resolution of any legal proceeding or other claim could have a material adverse effect on our financial policies, includingcondition or results from operations. Regardless of its outcome, legal proceedings and other claims may result in substantial costs and expenses and significantly divert the attention of our policies withmanagement. With respect to acquisitionsany legal proceeding or other claim, there can be no assurance that we will be able to prevail, or achieve a favorable settlement or outcome, or that our insurance or the insurance and/or any contractual indemnities of real estate, growth,our vendors, contractors, tenants or other contractual parties will be enough to cover all of our defense costs or any resulting liabilities.
We face risks associated with security breaches through cyber attacks, cyber intrusions or otherwise, as well as other significant disruptions of our information technology (IT) networks and related systems.
We face risks associated with security breaches, whether through cyber attacks or cyber intrusions over the Internet, malware, computer viruses, attachments to e-mails, persons inside our organization or persons with access to systems inside our organization, and other significant disruptions of our IT networks and related systems. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber attack or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. Our IT networks and related systems are essential to the operation of our business and our ability to perform day-to-day operations indebtedness, capitalization(including managing our building systems) and, dividends, are exclusively determined byin some cases, may be critical to the operations of certain of our tenants.
The Audit Committee of BXP’s Board of Directors.Directors oversees our risk management processes related to cybersecurity. It meets no less frequently than annually with our IT personnel and senior management to discuss recent trends in cyber risks and our strategy to defend our IT networks, business systems and information against cyber attacks and intrusions. Under the oversight of the Audit Committee, we implemented our cybersecurity standards and overall program by reference to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (“NIST”) Cyber Security Framework. As part of our overall cybersecurity program:
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•we have implemented a continuous improvement methodology including, but not limited to, ongoing enhancements to processes and controls, quarterly control reviews, annual policy reviews, biannual penetration tests and annual investments in our security infrastructure;
•we annually assess our cybersecurity program against the NIST framework and periodically engage an outside consulting firm to conduct the assessment; and
•we conduct cybersecurity awareness training at least three times per year for our employees and primary on-site providers, and we conduct ongoing phishing simulations to raise awareness of spoofed or manipulated electronic communications and other critical security threats.
Although we make efforts to maintain the security and integrity of our IT networks and related systems, and we have implemented various measures to manage the risk of a security breach or disruption, there can be no assurance that our security efforts and measures will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging. Even the most well-protected information, networks, systems and facilities remain potentially vulnerable because the techniques used in such attempted security breaches evolve and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, and in some cases, are designed not be detected and, in fact, may not be detected. Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate security barriers or other preventative measures, and thus it is impossible for us to entirely mitigate this risk.
Like other businesses, we have been, and expect to continue to be, subject to attempts at unauthorized access, mishandling or misuse, computer viruses or malware, cyber attacks and intrusions and other events of varying degrees. To date, these events have not adversely affected our securityholders dooperations or business and have not controlbeen material, either individually or in the aggregate. However, a security breach or other significant disruption involving our IT networks and related systems could:
•disrupt the proper functioning of our networks and systems and therefore our operations and/or those of certain of our tenants;
•result in misstated financial reports, violations of loan covenants, missed reporting deadlines and/or missed permitting deadlines;
•result in our inability to properly monitor our compliance with the rules and regulations regarding BXP’s qualification as a REIT;
•result in the unauthorized access to, and destruction, loss, theft, misappropriation or release of, proprietary, confidential, sensitive or otherwise valuable information of ours or others, which others could use to compete against us or which could expose us to damage claims by third-parties for disruptive, destructive or otherwise harmful purposes and outcomes;
•result in our inability to maintain the building systems relied upon by our tenants for the efficient use of their leased space;
•require significant management attention and resources to remedy any damages that result;
•subject us to claims for breach of contract, damages, credits, penalties or termination of leases or other agreements; and
•damage our reputation among our tenants and investors generally.
Any one or more of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Changes in accounting pronouncements could adversely affect our operating results, in addition to the reported financial performance of our tenants.
Accounting policies and methods are fundamental to how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. Uncertainties posed by various initiatives of accounting standard-setting by the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission, which create and interpret applicable accounting standards for U.S. companies, may change the financial accounting and reporting standards or their interpretation and application of these policies.standards that govern the preparation of our financial statements. Changes
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include, but are not limited to, changes in revenue recognition, lease accounting and the adoption of accounting standards likely to require the increased use of “fair-value” measures.
These changes could have a material impact on our reported financial condition and results of operations. In some cases, we could be required to apply a new or revised standard retroactively, resulting in potentially material restatements of prior period financial statements. Similarly, these changes could have a material impact on our tenants’ reported financial condition or results of operations or could affect our tenants’ preferences regarding leasing real estate.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff CommentsComments.
None.

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Item 2. Properties.
At December 31, 2018,2020, we owned or had joint venture interests in 197196 commercial real estate properties, aggregating approximately 51.651.2 million net rentable square feet of primarily Class A office properties, including 11six properties under construction/redevelopment totaling approximately 5.33.7 million net rentable square feet. Our properties consisted of (1) 178177 office properties (including ninesix properties under construction/redevelopment), (2) twelve12 retail properties, (3) six residential properties (including two under construction) and (4) one hotel. The table set forth below shows information relating to the properties we owned, or in which we had an ownership interest, at December 31, 2018,2020, and it includes properties held by both consolidated and unconsolidated joint ventures.
PropertiesLocation% Leased as of December 31, 2020 (1)Number
of
Buildings		Net
Rentable
Square Feet
Office
767 Fifth Avenue (The GM Building) (60% ownership)New York, NY89.3 %1 1,957,768 
200 Clarendon StreetBoston, MA98.0 %1 1,768,163 
399 Park AvenueNew York, NY90.4 %1 1,576,437 
601 Lexington Avenue (55% ownership) (2)New York, NY97.6 %1 1,445,155 
Salesforce TowerSan Francisco, CA100.0 %1 1,420,682 
Times Square Tower (55% ownership)New York, NY94.7 %1 1,241,443 
100 Federal Street (55% ownership)Boston, MA98.2 %1 1,238,461 
800 Boylston Street - The Prudential CenterBoston, MA93.0 %1 1,235,538 
Colorado Center (50% ownership) (3)Santa Monica, CA93.6 %6 1,128,600 
Santa Monica Business Park (55% ownership) (3)Santa Monica, CA93.7 %14 1,102,722 
Gateway Commons (50% Ownership) (3) (4)South San Francisco, CA82.0 %6 1,070,388 
599 Lexington AvenueNew York, NY99.3 %1 1,062,708 
Bay Colony Corporate CenterWaltham, MA81.0 %4 1,001,136 
250 West 55th StreetNew York, NY99.4 %1 966,979 
Embarcadero Center FourSan Francisco, CA96.2 %1 941,138 
111 Huntington Avenue - The Prudential CenterBoston, MA100.0 %1 860,455 
Embarcadero Center OneSan Francisco, CA89.4 %1 822,264 
Embarcadero Center TwoSan Francisco, CA90.7 %1 799,366 
Atlantic Wharf Office (55% ownership)Boston, MA99.8 %1 793,823 
Embarcadero Center ThreeSan Francisco, CA91.5 %1 786,078 
Dock 72 (50% ownership) (3)Brooklyn, NY33.1 %1 668,625 
Metropolitan Square (20% ownership) (3)Washington, DC62.2 %1 654,145 
South of MarketReston, VA76.5 %3 623,250 
Mountain View Research ParkMountain View, CA76.3 %15 542,264 
901 New York Avenue (25% ownership) (3)Washington, DC74.6 %1 541,990 
Reservoir PlaceWaltham, MA90.1 %1 526,985 
680 Folsom StreetSan Francisco, CA99.1 %2 524,793 
101 Huntington Avenue - The Prudential CenterBoston, MA100.0 %1 506,476 
Fountain SquareReston, VA80.7 %2 505,458 
145 BroadwayCambridge, MA98.5 %1 488,862 
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Properties Location % Leased as of
December 31, 2018 (1)		   
Number
of
Buildings
 
Net
Rentable
Square Feet
  
Office            
767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building) (60% ownership) New York, NY 90.2%   1
 1,853,995
  
200 Clarendon Street Boston, MA 98.2%   1
 1,763,530
  
399 Park Avenue New York, NY 73.3%   1
 1,573,999
  
601 Lexington Avenue (55% ownership) (2) New York, NY 99.3%   1
 1,435,543
  
Salesforce Tower (95% ownership) San Francisco, CA 69.9%   1
 1,420,682
  
Times Square Tower (55% ownership) New York, NY 98.8%   1
 1,247,805
  
100 Federal Street (55% ownership) Boston, MA 98.2%   1
 1,238,184
  
800 Boylston Street - The Prudential Center Boston, MA 97.8%   1
 1,235,538
  
Colorado Center (50% ownership) (3) Santa Monica, CA 99.3%   6
 1,117,647
  
Santa Monica Business Park (55% ownership) (3) Santa Monica, CA 94.5%   14
 1,103,882
  
599 Lexington Avenue New York, NY 98.9%   1
 1,062,481
  
Bay Colony Corporate Center Waltham, MA 93.4%   4
 1,000,449
  
250 West 55th Street New York, NY 97.2%   1
 967,323
  
Embarcadero Center Four San Francisco, CA 87.6%   1
 939,760
  
111 Huntington Avenue - The Prudential Center Boston, MA 100.0%   1
 860,455
  
Embarcadero Center One San Francisco, CA 83.5%   1
 830,248
  
Atlantic Wharf Office (55% ownership) Boston, MA 100.0%   1
 793,827
  
Embarcadero Center Two San Francisco, CA 98.3%   1
 791,294
  
Embarcadero Center Three San Francisco, CA 96.8%   1
 781,900
  
Capital Gallery Washington, DC 100.0%   1
 631,029
  
South of Market Reston, VA 80.5%   3
 623,666
  
Metropolitan Square (20% ownership) (3) Washington, DC 83.6%   1
 613,425
  
Mountain View Research Park Mountain View, CA 95.5%   15
 542,289
  
901 New York Avenue (25% ownership) (3) Washington, DC 90.9%   1
 539,435
  
Reservoir Place Waltham, MA 92.7%   1
 526,985
  
680 Folsom Street San Francisco, CA 100.0%   2
 524,793
  
101 Huntington Avenue - The Prudential Center Boston, MA 94.3%   1
 506,476
  
601 and 651 Gateway South San Francisco, CA 94.5%   2
 506,279
  
Fountain Square Reston, VA 90.6%   2
 497,259
  
601 Massachusetts Avenue Washington, DC 98.4%   1
 478,818
  

PropertiesLocation% Leased as of December 31, 2020 (1)Number
of
Buildings		Net
Rentable
Square Feet
601 Massachusetts AvenueWashington, DC97.3 %1 478,818 
2200 Pennsylvania AvenueWashington, DC97.8 %1 458,831 
One Freedom SquareReston, VA64.1 %1 430,640 
Two Freedom SquareReston, VA100.0 %1 421,865 
Market Square North (50% ownership) (3)Washington, DC78.8 %1 417,979 
880 & 890 Winter StreetWaltham, MA78.5 %2 392,576 
The Hub on Causeway - Podium (50% ownership) (3)Boston, MA98.3 %1 382,497 
140 Kendrick StreetNeedham, MA99.4 %3 380,991 
One and Two Discovery SquareReston, VA100.0 %2 366,989 
888 Boylston Street - The Prudential CenterBoston, MA100.0 %1 363,320 
Weston Corporate CenterWeston, MA100.0 %1 356,995 
510 Madison AvenueNew York, NY98.4 %1 355,083 
One Reston OverlookReston, VA100.0 %1 319,519 
535 Mission StreetSan Francisco, CA95.7 %1 307,235 
Waltham Weston Corporate CenterWaltham, MA92.7 %1 301,611 
Wisconsin Place OfficeChevy Chase, MD82.3 %1 299,217 
230 CityPointWaltham, MA93.9 %1 296,212 
17Fifty Presidents StreetReston, VA100.0 %1 275,809 
Reston Corporate CenterReston, VA100.0 %2 261,046 
355 Main StreetCambridge, MA99.0 %1 259,640 
Democracy TowerReston, VA98.4 %1 259,441 
1330 Connecticut AvenueWashington, DC89.4 %1 253,941 
10 CityPointWaltham, MA98.1 %1 241,203 
510 Carnegie CenterPrinceton, NJ— %1 234,160 
500 North Capitol Street, N.W. (30% ownership) (3)Washington, DC98.5 %1 230,900 
90 BroadwayCambridge, MA100.0 %1 223,771 
3625-3635 Peterson Way (5)Santa Clara, CA100.0 %1 218,366 
255 Main StreetCambridge, MA92.9 %1 215,394 
20 CityPointWaltham, MA62.4 %1 211,476 
77 CityPointWaltham, MA95.4 %1 209,712 
Sumner SquareWashington, DC97.0 %1 209,556 
University PlaceCambridge, MA100.0 %1 195,282 
300 Binney StreetCambridge, MA100.0 %1 195,191 
North First Business Park (5)San Jose, CA61.9 %5 190,636 
150 BroadwayCambridge, MA100.0 %1 177,226 
Capital GalleryWashington, DC86.7 %1 176,078 
191 Spring StreetLexington, MA100.0 %1 170,997 
Lexington Office ParkLexington, MA67.4 %2 166,779 
206 Carnegie CenterPrinceton, NJ100.0 %1 161,763 
210 Carnegie CenterPrinceton, NJ79.2 %1 159,468 
Kingstowne TwoAlexandria, VA70.2 %1 155,995 
105 BroadwayCambridge, MA100.0 %1 152,664 
212 Carnegie CenterPrinceton, NJ76.6 %1 151,355 
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Properties Location % Leased as of
December 31, 2018 (1)		   
Number
of
Buildings
 
Net
Rentable
Square Feet
  
2200 Pennsylvania Avenue Washington, DC 100.0%   1
 458,831
  
One Freedom Square Reston, VA 96.8%   1
 432,585
  
Two Freedom Square Reston, VA 98.7%   1
 421,757
  
Market Square North (50% ownership) (3) Washington, DC 82.5%   1
 415,499
  
One Tower Center East Brunswick, NJ 36.1%   1
 412,060
  
140 Kendrick Street Needham, MA 100.0%   3
 380,987
  
One and Two Discovery Square Reston, VA 96.9%   2
 366,990
  
888 Boylston Street - The Prudential Center Boston, MA 95.1%   1
 363,320
  
Weston Corporate Center Weston, MA 100.0%   1
 356,995
  
510 Madison Avenue New York, NY 98.1%   1
 355,592
  
One Reston Overlook Reston, VA 100.0%   1
 319,519
  
535 Mission Street San Francisco, CA 100.0%   1
 307,235
  
Waltham Weston Corporate Center Waltham, MA 89.8%   1
 301,667
  
Wisconsin Place Office Chevy Chase, MD 99.0%   1
 299,186
  
230 CityPoint Waltham, MA 93.5%   1
 296,306
  
540 Madison Avenue (60% ownership) (3) New York, NY 82.3%   1
 283,727
  
355 Main Street Cambridge, MA 100.0%   1
 265,342
  
Reston Corporate Center Reston, VA 100.0%   2
 261,046
  
611 Gateway South San Francisco, CA 50.4%   1
 260,197
  
Democracy Tower Reston, VA 100.0%   1
 259,441
  
New Dominion Technology Park - Building Two Herndon, VA 100.0%   1
 257,400
  
200 West Street Waltham, MA 79.7%   1
 256,245
  
1330 Connecticut Avenue Washington, DC 87.2%   1
 251,874
  
10 CityPoint Waltham, MA 98.1%   1
 241,199
  
New Dominion Technology Park - Building One Herndon, VA 100.0%   1
 235,201
  
510 Carnegie Center Princeton, NJ 100.0%   1
 234,160
  
500 North Capitol Street, N.W. (30% ownership) (3) Washington, DC 100.0%   1
 230,860
  
90 Broadway Cambridge, MA 96.6%   1
 223,771
  
3625-3635 Peterson Way (4) Santa Clara, CA 100.0%   1
 218,366
  
255 Main Street Cambridge, MA 92.4%   1
 216,023
  
77 CityPoint Waltham, MA 100.0%   1
 209,707
  
Sumner Square Washington, DC 97.6%   1
 208,892
  
University Place Cambridge, MA 100.0%   1
 195,282
  
300 Binney Street Cambridge, MA 100.0%   1
 195,191
  
North First Business Park (4) San Jose, CA 90.6%   5
 190,636
  
2600 Tower Oaks Boulevard (5) Rockville, MD 52.6%   1
 179,421
  
150 Broadway Cambridge, MA 100.0%   1
 177,226
  
191 Spring Street Lexington, MA 100.0%   1
 170,997
  
Lexington Office Park Lexington, MA 77.3%   2
 166,775
  
206 Carnegie Center Princeton, NJ 100.0%   1
 161,763
  
210 Carnegie Center Princeton, NJ 100.0%   1
 159,468
  
Kingstowne Two Alexandria, VA 63.4%   1
 156,089
  
105 Broadway Cambridge, MA 100.0%   1
 152,664
  

PropertiesLocation% Leased as of December 31, 2020 (1)Number
of
Buildings		Net
Rentable
Square Feet
Kingstowne OneAlexandria, VA93.0 %1 150,957 
214 Carnegie CenterPrinceton, NJ43.2 %1 146,979 
2440 West El Camino RealMountain View, CA87.2 %1 141,392 
506 Carnegie CenterPrinceton, NJ80.5 %1 138,616 
200 West Street (6)Waltham, MA100.0 %1 134,921 
Two Reston OverlookReston, VA— %1 134,615 
508 Carnegie CenterPrinceton, NJ100.0 %1 134,433 
202 Carnegie CenterPrinceton, NJ91.2 %1 134,068 
804 Carnegie CenterPrinceton, NJ100.0 %1 130,000 
Annapolis Junction Building Seven (50% ownership) (3)Annapolis, MD100.0 %1 127,229 
504 Carnegie CenterPrinceton, NJ100.0 %1 121,990 
101 Carnegie CenterPrinceton, NJ100.0 %1 121,620 
502 Carnegie CenterPrinceton, NJ100.0 %1 121,460 
701 Carnegie CenterPrinceton, NJ100.0 %1 120,000 
Annapolis Junction Building Six (50% ownership) (3)Annapolis, MD75.2 %1 119,339 
1265 Main Street (50% ownership) (3)Waltham, MA100.0 %1 114,969 
7601 Boston BoulevardSpringfield, VA100.0 %1 108,286 
201 Spring StreetLexington, MA100.0 %1 106,300 
7435 Boston BoulevardSpringfield, VA83.4 %1 103,557 
104 Carnegie CenterPrinceton, NJ63.6 %1 102,930 
103 Carnegie CenterPrinceton, NJ68.5 %1 96,332 
8000 Grainger CourtSpringfield, VA— %1 88,775 
33 Hayden AvenueLexington, MA100.0 %1 80,876 
7500 Boston BoulevardSpringfield, VA100.0 %1 79,971 
7501 Boston BoulevardSpringfield VA100.0 %1 75,756 
Reservoir Place NorthWaltham, MA100.0 %1 73,258 
105 Carnegie CenterPrinceton, NJ56.3 %1 69,955 
32 Hartwell AvenueLexington, MA100.0 %1 69,154 
250 Binney StreetCambridge, MA100.0 %1 67,362 
302 Carnegie CenterPrinceton, NJ89.3 %1 64,926 
195 West StreetWaltham, MA— %1 63,500 
7450 Boston BoulevardSpringfield, VA100.0 %1 62,402 
7374 Boston BoulevardSpringfield, VA100.0 %1 57,321 
100 Hayden AvenueLexington, MA100.0 %1 55,924 
181 Spring StreetLexington, MA100.0 %1 55,793 
8000 Corporate CourtSpringfield, VA100.0 %1 52,539 
211 Carnegie CenterPrinceton, NJ100.0 %1 47,025 
7451 Boston BoulevardSpringfield, VA67.4 %1 45,615   
7300 Boston BoulevardSpringfield, VA100.0 %1 32,000   
92 Hayden AvenueLexington, MA100.0 %1 31,100 
17 Hartwell AvenueLexington, MA100.0 %1 30,000 
453 Ravendale DriveMountain View, CA60.8 %1 29,620 
7375 Boston BoulevardSpringfield, VA100.0 %1 26,865 
690 Folsom StreetSan Francisco, CA100.0 %1 26,080 
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Properties Location % Leased as of
December 31, 2018 (1)		   
Number
of
Buildings
 
Net
Rentable
Square Feet
  
212 Carnegie Center Princeton, NJ 65.5%   1
 151,547
  
Kingstowne One Alexandria, VA 86.4%   1
 151,483
  
214 Carnegie Center Princeton, NJ 49.1%   1
 148,942
  
2440 West El Camino Real Mountain View, CA 100.0%   1
 141,392
  
506 Carnegie Center Princeton, NJ 32.3%   1
 140,312
  
Two Reston Overlook Reston, VA 100.0%   1
 134,615
  
508 Carnegie Center Princeton, NJ 100.0%   1
 134,433
  
202 Carnegie Center Princeton, NJ 85.2%   1
 134,381
  
804 Carnegie Center Princeton, NJ 100.0%   1
 130,000
  
Annapolis Junction Building Seven (50% ownership) (3) Annapolis, MD 100.0%   1
 127,229
  
Annapolis Junction Building Eight (50% ownership) (3) Annapolis, MD —%
   1
 125,685
  
504 Carnegie Center Princeton, NJ 100.0%   1
 121,990
  
101 Carnegie Center Princeton, NJ 100.0%   1
 121,620
  
502 Carnegie Center Princeton, NJ 94.8%   1
 121,460
  
701 Carnegie Center Princeton, NJ 100.0%   1
 120,000
  
Annapolis Junction Building Six (50% ownership) (3) Annapolis, MD 75.2%   1
 119,339
  
325 Main Street Cambridge, MA 100.0%   1
 115,361
  
1265 Main Street (50% ownership) (3) Waltham, MA 100.0%   1
 114,969
  
7601 Boston Boulevard Springfield, VA 100.0%   1
 114,028
  
201 Spring Street Lexington, MA 100.0%   1
 106,300
  
7435 Boston Boulevard Springfield, VA 83.4%   1
 103,557
  
104 Carnegie Center Princeton, NJ 27.0%   1
 102,830
  
103 Carnegie Center Princeton, NJ 69.9%   1
 96,332
  
8000 Grainger Court Springfield, VA —%
   1
 88,775
  
33 Hayden Avenue Lexington, MA 100.0%   1
 80,872
  
7500 Boston Boulevard Springfield, VA 100.0%   1
 79,971
 ��
7501 Boston Boulevard Springfield VA 100.0%   1
 75,756
  
Reservoir Place North Waltham, MA —%
   1
 73,258
  
105 Carnegie Center Princeton, NJ 56.3%   1
 69,955
  
32 Hartwell Avenue Lexington, MA 100.0%   1
 69,154
  
250 Binney Street Cambridge, MA 100.0%   1
 67,362
  
302 Carnegie Center Princeton, NJ 96.1%   1
 64,926
  
164 Lexington Road Billerica, MA —%
   1
 64,140
  
195 West Street Waltham, MA 100.0%   1
 63,500
  
7450 Boston Boulevard Springfield, VA 100.0%   1
 62,402
  
7374 Boston Boulevard Springfield, VA 100.0%   1
 57,321
  
100 Hayden Avenue Lexington, MA 100.0%   1
 55,924
  
181 Spring Street Lexington, MA 100.0%   1
 55,793
  
8000 Corporate Court Springfield, VA 100.0%   1
 52,539
  
211 Carnegie Center Princeton, NJ 100.0%   1
 47,025
  
7451 Boston Boulevard Springfield, VA 67.4%   1
 45,615
  
7300 Boston Boulevard Springfield, VA 100.0%   1
 32,000
   
92 Hayden Avenue Lexington, MA 100.0%   1
 31,100
   
17 Hartwell Avenue Lexington, MA 100.0%   1
 30,000
  
453 Ravendale Drive Mountain View, CA 100.0%   1
 29,620
  
PropertiesLocation% Leased as of December 31, 2020 (1)Number
of
Buildings		Net
Rentable
Square Feet
201 Carnegie CenterPrinceton, NJ100.0 %— 6,500 
Subtotal for Office Properties90.0 %171 44,392,689 
Retail
Prudential Center (retail shops)Boston, MA97.3 %1 594,771 
Fountain Square RetailReston, VA86.0 %1 216,591 
Kingstowne RetailAlexandria, VA94.3 %1 88,288 
Santa Monica Business Park Retail (55% ownership) (3)Santa Monica, CA90.1 %7 74,404 
Star Market at the Prudential CenterBoston, MA100.0 %1 57,236 
The PointWaltham, MA84.7 %1 16,300 
Subtotal for Retail Properties94.2 %12 1,047,590 
Residential
Signature at Reston (508 units)Reston, VA78.7 %(7)1 517,783 
The Avant at Reston Town Center (359 units)Reston, VA90.0 %(7)1 355,374 
The Skylyne (402 units) (8)Oakland, CA8.0 %(9)1 330,996 
Hub50House (440 units) (50% ownership) (3)Boston, MA51.4 %(10)1 320,444 
Proto Kendall Square (280 units)Cambridge, MA90.4 %(7)1 166,717 
The Lofts at Atlantic Wharf (86 units)Boston, MA88.4 %(7)1 87,097 
Subtotal for Residential Properties63.1 %6 1,778,411 (11)
Hotel
Boston Marriott Cambridge (437 rooms)Cambridge, MA16.4 %(12)1 334,260 (13)
Subtotal for Hotel Property16.4 %1 334,260   
Subtotal for In-Service Properties90.1 %190 47,552,950   
Properties Under Construction/Redevelopment (14)
Office
325 Main StreetCambridge, MA90.0 %1 420,000 
100 Causeway Street (50% ownership) (3)Boston, MA94.0 %1 632,000 
7750 Wisconsin Avenue (Marriott International Headquarters) (50% ownership) (3)Bethesda, MD100.0 %1 734,000 
Reston Next (formerly Reston Gateway)Reston, VA85.0 %2 1,062,000 
2100 Pennsylvania AvenueWashington, DC56.0 %1 480,000 
Redevelopment
One Five Nine East 53rd Street (55% ownership) (15)New York, NY96.0 %— 220,000 
200 West Street (16)Waltham, MA100.0 %— 138,000 
Subtotal for Properties Under Construction/Redevelopment87.0 %6 3,686,000   
Total Portfolio196 51,238,950   

_______________
(1)Represents signed leases for in-service properties which revenue recognition has commenced in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”).
(2)Excludes the portion that was removed from the in-service portfolio during the third quarter of 2016 as part of a planned redevelopment.
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Table of Contents
Properties Location % Leased as of
December 31, 2018 (1)		   
Number
of
Buildings
 
Net
Rentable
Square Feet
  
7375 Boston Boulevard Springfield, VA 100.0%   1
 26,865
  
690 Folsom Street San Francisco, CA 100.0%   1
 26,080
  
201 Carnegie Center Princeton, NJ 100.0%   —
 6,500
  
Subtotal for Office Properties 91.3%   169
 43,750,746
  
Retail            
Prudential Center (retail shops) Boston, MA 96.1%   1
 595,334
  
Fountain Square Retail Reston, VA 98.0%   1
 223,030
  
Kingstowne Retail Alexandria, VA 100.0%   1
 88,288
  
Santa Monica Business Park Retail (55% ownership) (3) Santa Monica, CA 92.3%   7
 74,242
  
Star Market at the Prudential Center Boston, MA 100.0%   1
 57,235
  
The Point Waltham, MA 84.7%   1
 16,300
  
Subtotal for Retail Properties 96.6%   12
 1,054,429
  
Residential Properties            
Signature at Reston (508 units) Reston, VA 48.8% (6)  1
 517,783
 (7)
The Avant at Reston Town Center (359 units) Reston, VA 89.4% (8)  1
 355,374
 (9)
Proto Kendall Square (280 units) Cambridge, MA 56.4% (10)  1
 166,717
 (11)
The Lofts at Atlantic Wharf (86 units) Boston, MA 95.3% (8)  1
 87,097
 (12)
Subtotal for Residential Properties 65.6%   4
 1,126,971
   
Hotel Property            
Boston Marriott Cambridge (437 rooms) Cambridge, MA 84.6% (13)  1
 334,260
 (14)
Subtotal for Hotel Property   84.6%   1
 334,260
   
Subtotal for In-Service Properties 91.4%   186
 46,266,406
   
Properties Under Construction/Redevelopment (15)          
Office and Retail            
The Hub on Causeway - Podium (50% ownership) (3) Boston, MA 88.0%   1
 385,000
  
145 Broadway Cambridge, MA 98.0%   1
 485,000
  
Dock 72 (50% ownership) (3) Brooklyn, NY 33.0%   1
 670,000
  
17Fifty Presidents Street Reston, VA 100.0%   1
 276,000
  
20 CityPoint Waltham, MA 63.0%   1
 211,000
  
100 Causeway Street (50% ownership) (3) Boston, MA 70.0%   1
 627,000
  
7750 Wisconsin Avenue (Marriott International Headquarters) (50% ownership) (3) Bethesda, MD 100.0%   1
 740,000
  
Reston Gateway Reston, VA 80.0%   2
 1,062,000
  
Redevelopment            
One Five Nine East 53rd Street (55% ownership) (16) New York, NY 90.0%   —
 220,000
  
Residential            
The Hub on Causeway - Residential (440 units) (50% ownership) (3) Boston, MA  N/A
   1
 320,000
  
MacArthur Station Residences (402 units) (17) Oakland, CA  N/A
   1
 324,000
  
(3)Property is an unconsolidated joint venture.

(4)As a result of the partner’s deferred contribution, we own an approximately 55% interest in the joint venture at December 31, 2020. Future development projects will be owned 49% by us and 51% by our partner.
(5)Property is held for redevelopment.
Properties Location % Leased as of
December 31, 2018 (1)		   
Number
of
Buildings
 
Net
Rentable
Square Feet
  
Subtotal for Properties Under Construction/Redevelopment 78% (18) 11
 5,320,000
   
Total Portfolio       197
 51,586,406
   
(6)Excludes the portion that was removed from the in-service portfolio during the third quarter of 2019 as part of a planned redevelopment.
_______________
(7)Percentage leased is not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2020.
(1)Represents signed leases for in-service properties which revenue recognition has commenced in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”).
(2)Excludes the portion that was removed from the in-service portfolio during the third quarter of 2016 as part of a planned redevelopment.
(3)Property is an unconsolidated joint venture.
(4)Property is held for redevelopment.
(5)On January 24, 2019, we completed the sale of this property (See Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(6)This project was completed and fully placed in-service on June 7, 2018 and is still in its initial lease-up period. Percentage leased is not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2018.
(7)Includes 24,542 square feet of retail space which is 100% leased as of December 31, 2018. Note that these amounts are not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2018.
(8)Note that these amounts are not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2018.
(9)Includes 26,179 square feet of retail space which is 100% leased as of December 31, 2018. Note that this amount is not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2018.
(10)This project was completed and fully placed in-service on September 1, 2018 and is still in its initial lease-up period. Percentage leased is not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2018.
(11)Includes 14,527 square feet of retail space which is 100% leased as of December 31, 2018. Note that this amount is not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2018.
(12)Includes 9,617 square feet of retail space which is 100% leased as of December 31, 2018. Note that this amount is not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2018.
(13)Represents the weighted-average room occupancy for the year ended December 31, 2018. Note that this amount is not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2018.
(14)Includes 4,260 square feet of retail space which is 100% leased as of December 31, 2018. Note that this amount is not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2018.
(15)Represents percentage leased as of February 22, 2019, including leases with future commencement dates.
(16)The low-rise portion of 601 Lexington Avenue.
(17)This project is subject to a 99-year ground lease (including extension options) with an option to purchase in the future.
(18)Excludes residential units.
(8)This property is subject to a 99-year ground lease (including extension options) with an option to purchase in the future.
(9)This property was completed and fully placed in-service on August 15, 2020 and is in its initial lease-up period. Percentage leased is not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2020.
(10)This property was completed and fully placed in-service on July 24, 2020 and is in its initial lease-up period. Percentage leased is not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2020.
(11)Includes 87,690 square feet of retail space which is approximately 57.4% leased as of December 31, 2020. Note that this amount is not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2020.
(12)Represents the weighted-average room occupancy for the year ended December 31, 2020. Note that this amount is not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2020. As a result of COVID-19, the Boston Marriott Cambridge was closed in March 2020 and did not re-open until October 2, 2020 with limited occupancy.
(13)Includes 4,260 square feet of retail space which is 100% leased as of December 31, 2020. Note that this amount is not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2020.
(14)Represents percentage leased as of February 22, 2021, including leases with future commencement dates.
(15)The low-rise portion of 601 Lexington Avenue.
(16)Represents a portion of the property under redevelopment for conversion to life sciences space.
Percentage Leased and Average Annualized Revenue per Square Foot for In-Service Properties
The following table sets forth our percentage leased and average annualized revenue per square foot on a historical basis for our In-Service Properties. 
 December 31,December 31,
 2018 2017 2016 2015 201420202019201820172016
Percentage leased (1) 91.4% 90.7% 90.2% 91.4% 91.7%Percentage leased (1)90.1 %93.0 %91.4 %90.7 %90.2 %
Average annualized revenue per square foot (2) 
$66.63
 
$63.66
 
$62.54
 
$60.89
 
$58.97
Average annualized revenue per square foot (2)$72.67 $69.72 $66.63 $63.66 $62.54 
_______________
(1)Represents signed leases, excluding hotel and residential properties, for which revenue recognition has commenced in accordance with GAAP.
(2)
Represents the monthly contractual base rents and recoveries from tenants under existing leases as of December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014 multiplied by twelve. These annualized amounts are before rent abatements and include expense reimbursements, which may be estimates as of such date. The aggregate amounts of rent abatements per square foot under existing leases as of December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014 for the succeeding twelve-month period were $0.97, $1.67, $1.18, $0.60, and $1.05, respectively.

(1)Represents signed leases, excluding hotel and residential properties, for which revenue recognition has commenced in accordance with GAAP.
(2)Represents the monthly contractual base rents and recoveries from tenants under existing leases as of December 31, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016 multiplied by twelve. These annualized amounts are before rent abatements and include expense reimbursements, which may be estimates as of such date. The aggregate amounts of rent abatements per square foot under existing leases as of December 31, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016 for the succeeding twelve-month period were $1.73, $1.70, $0.97, $1.67 and $1.18, respectively.
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Table of Contents
Top 20 Tenants by Square Feet
Our 20 largest tenants by square feet as of December 31, 20182020 were as follows:
 Tenant Square Feet % of In-Service PortfolioTenantSquare Feet (1)% of In-Service Portfolio (1)
1. U.S. Government 1,389,348
 (1) 3.23%1.salesforce.com905,742 2.30 %
2. Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer 877,484
 2.04%2.Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer813,679 2.07 %
3. Kirkland & Ellis 861,214
 (2) 2.00%3.U.S. Government810,511 2.06 %
4. Biogen 772,212
 1.79%4.Biogen772,212 1.96 %
5. Wellington Management 648,032
 (3) 1.51%5.Akamai Technologies658,578 1.67 %
6. Bank of America 608,420
 (4) 1.41%6.Ropes & Gray539,467 1.37 %
7. salesforce.com 580,741
 (5) 1.35%7.Microsoft520,814 1.32 %
8. Google 550,524
 1.28%8.Google501,336 1.27 %
9. Ropes & Gray 539,467
 1.25%9.Shearman & Sterling500,109 1.27 %
10. Shearman & Sterling 472,144
 (6) 1.10%10.WeWork442,517 1.12 %
11. O’Melveny & Myers 458,399
 (7) 1.07%11.Kirkland & Ellis399,538 1.01 %
12. WeWork 448,294
 (8) 1.04%12.Wellington Management350,102 0.89 %
13. Weil Gotshal & Manges 413,395
 (9) 0.96%13.Blue Cross Blue Shield347,618 0.88 %
14. Genentech 392,540
 0.91%14.Bank of America333,885 0.85 %
15. Ann Inc. (fka Ann Taylor Corp.) 368,463
 (10) 0.86%15.Mass Financial Services313,584 0.80 %
16. Bechtel Corporation 365,606
 0.85%16.Leidos304,979 0.77 %
17. Snap 358,077
 (11) 0.83%17.Weil Gotshal & Manges272,593 0.69 %
18. Mass Financial Services 336,981
 0.78%18.Bain Capital268,913 0.68 %
19. Blue Cross Blue Shield 324,050
 0.75%19.Bechtel Corporation268,828 0.68 %
20. Finnegan Henderson Farabow 321,798
 (12) 0.75%20.SAIC260,780 0.66 %
__________________
(1)Includes 157,029 and 1,980 square feet of space in properties in which we have a 50% and 20% interest, respectively.
(2)Includes 576,798 and 223,424 square feet of space in properties in which we have a 55% and 20% interest, respectively.
(3)Includes 637,993 square feet of space in properties in which we have a 55% interest.
(4)Includes 50,887 and 540,559 square feet of space in properties in which we have a 60% and 55% interest, respectively.
(5)Includes 580,741 square feet of space in a property in which we have a 95% interest.
(6)Includes 43,661 square feet of space in a property in which we have a 50% interest.
(7)Includes 304,619 square feet of space in a property in which we have a 55% interest.
(8)Includes 76,401 and 161,879 square feet of space in properties in which we have a 95% and 20% interest, respectively.
(9)Includes 385,248 and 28,147 square feet of space in properties in which we have a 60% and 55% interest, respectively.
(10)Includes 351,865 square feet of space in a property in which we have a 55% interest.
(11)Includes 358,077 square feet of space in a property in which we have a 55% interest.
(12)Includes 251,941 square feet of space in a property in which we have a 25% interest.

(1)Amounts are calculated based on our consolidated portfolio square feet, plus our share of the square feet from the unconsolidated joint ventures properties (calculated based on our ownership percentage), minus our partners’ share of square feet from our consolidated joint venture properties (calculated based upon the partners’ percentage ownership interests).
Tenant Diversification
Our tenant diversification by square feet as of December 31, 2018 were2020 was as follows:
Sector% of In-Service Portfolio
Technology, Media & Technologyand Life Sciences29%30%
Legal Services19%
Financial Services - all other14%13%
Other13%
Other Professional Services8%9%
Financial Services - commercial and investment banking6%7%
RetailReal Estate & Insurance6%7%
Retail6%
Manufacturing4%
Government / Public Administration5%3%
Other2%

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Table of Contents
Lease Expirations (1)(2)
Year of Lease Expiration Rentable Square Feet Subject to Expiring Leases Current Annualized Contractual Rent Under Expiring Leases Without Future Step-Ups (3) Current Annualized Contractual Rent Under Expiring Leases Without Future Step-Ups p.s.f. (3) Current Annualized Contractual Rent Under Expiring Leases With Future Step-Ups (4) Current Annualized Contractual Rent Under Expiring Leases With Future Step-Ups p.s.f. (4) Percentage of Total Square FeetYear of Lease ExpirationRentable Square Feet Subject to Expiring LeasesCurrent Annualized Contractual Rent Under Expiring Leases Without Future Step-Ups (3)Current Annualized Contractual Rent Under Expiring Leases Without Future Step-Ups p.s.f. (3)Current Annualized Contractual Rent Under Expiring Leases With Future Step-Ups (4)Current Annualized Contractual Rent Under Expiring Leases With Future Step-Ups p.s.f. (4)Percentage of Total Square Feet
2018 (5) 85,959
 
$14,144,762
 
$164.55
 
$14,144,762
 
$164.55
 0.19%
2019 2,592,707
 137,259,806
 52.94
 138,310,784
 53.35
 5.78%
2020 3,946,894
 234,577,309
 59.43
 242,708,896
 61.49
 8.79%
2020 (5)2020 (5)467,288 $26,645,483 $57.02 $26,645,483 $57.02 1.03 %
2021 3,542,532
 212,591,474
 60.01
 220,729,635
 62.31
 7.89%20213,231,092 181,992,737 56.33 183,314,717 56.73 7.10 %
2022 4,066,621
 261,208,582
 64.23
 269,271,116
 66.21
 9.06%20222,810,834 180,036,563 64.05 177,956,865 63.31 6.17 %
2023 2,255,750
 141,070,158
 62.54
 152,977,171
 67.82
 5.03%20232,295,877 161,451,754 70.32 173,362,217 75.51 5.04 %
2024 3,617,153
 219,695,550
 60.74
 239,256,924
 66.15
 8.06%20243,769,171 248,606,447 65.96 259,372,010 68.81 8.28 %
2025 2,804,390
 171,282,622
 61.08
 191,383,737
 68.24
 6.25%20252,860,586 184,320,258 64.43 196,043,305 68.53 6.28 %
2026 3,221,596
 241,309,622
 74.90
 270,972,698
 84.11
 7.18%20263,676,130 297,198,209 80.85 324,783,712 88.35 8.07 %
2027 1,861,920
 127,425,562
 68.44
 147,493,704
 79.22
 4.15%20272,220,883 157,823,302 71.06 174,295,528 78.48 4.88 %
202820282,460,447 176,441,733 71.71 201,169,416 81.76 5.40 %
202920292,397,528 169,990,187 70.90 197,213,941 82.26 5.27 %
Thereafter 12,725,917
 943,306,135
 74.12
 1,221,121,708
 95.96
 28.35%Thereafter14,360,818 1,165,966,958 81.19 1,437,602,146 100.11 31.54 %
 _______________
(1)Includes 100% of unconsolidated joint venture properties. Does not include residential units or the hotel.
(2)Does not include data for leases expiring in a particular year when leases for the same space have already been signed with replacement tenants with future commencement dates. In those cases, the data is included in the year in which the future lease with the replacement tenant expires.
(3)Represents the monthly contractual base rent and recoveries from tenants under existing leases as of December 31, 2018 multiplied by twelve. This amount reflects total rent before any rent abatements and includes expense reimbursements, which may be estimates as of such date.
(4)Represents the monthly contractual base rent under expiring leases with future contractual increases upon expiration and recoveries from tenants under existing leases as of December 31, 2018 multiplied by twelve. This amount reflects total rent before any rent abatements and includes expense reimbursements, which may be estimates as of such date.
(5)Represents leases that expired on December 31, 2018.

(1)Includes 100% of unconsolidated joint venture properties. Does not include residential units or the hotel.
(2)Does not include data for leases expiring in a particular year when leases for the same space have already been signed with replacement tenants with future commencement dates. In those cases, the data is included in the year in which the future lease with the replacement tenant expires.
(3)Represents the monthly contractual base rent and recoveries from tenants under existing leases as of December 31, 2020 multiplied by twelve. This amount reflects total rent before any rent abatements and includes expense reimbursements, which may be estimates as of such date.
(4)Represents the monthly contractual base rent under expiring leases with future contractual increases upon expiration and recoveries from tenants under existing leases as of December 31, 2020 multiplied by twelve. This amount reflects total rent before any rent abatements and includes expense reimbursements, which may be estimates as of such date.
(5)Represents leases that expired on December 31, 2020.

Item 3. Legal ProceedingsProceedings.
We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. TheseMany of these matters are generally covered by insurance. Management believes that the final outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
Item 4. Mine Safety DisclosuresDisclosures.
Not Applicable.



49
Table of Contents
PART II


Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity SecuritiesSecurities.
(a) The common stock of Boston Properties, Inc. is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “BXP.” At February 22, 2019,2021, BXP had approximately 1,1731,106 stockholders of record.
There is no established public trading market for BPLP’s common units. On February 22, 2019,2021, there were approximately 261311 holders of record and 171,353,179173,490,466 common units outstanding, 154,509,216155,805,646 of which were held by BXP.
In order to enable BXP to maintain its qualification as a REIT, it must make annual distributions to its stockholders of at least 90% of its taxable income (not including net capital gains and with certain other adjustments). BXP has adopted a policy of paying regular quarterly dividends on its common stock, and, as BPLP’s general partner, BXP has adopted a policy of paying regular quarterly distributions on common units of BPLP.
Cash distributions have been paid on the common stock of BXP and BPLP’s common units since BXP’s initial public offering. Distributions are declared at the discretion of the Board of Directors of BXP and depend on actual and anticipated cash from operations, our financial condition, capital requirements, the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and other factors the Board of Directors of BXP may consider relevant.
Stock Performance Graph
The following graph provides a comparison of cumulative total stockholder return for the period from December 31, 20132015 through December 31, 2018,2020, among BXP, Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) 500 Index, FTSE Nareit Equity REIT Total Return Index (the “Equity REIT Index”) and the FTSE Nareit Office REIT Index (the “Office REIT Index”). The Equity REIT Index includes all tax-qualified equity REITs listed on the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange and the NASDAQNasdaq Stock Market. Equity REITs are defined as those with 75% or more of their gross invested book value of assets invested directly or indirectly in the equity ownership of real estate. The Office REIT Index includes all office REITs included in the Equity REIT Index. Data for BXP, the S&P 500 Index, the Equity REIT Index and the Office REIT Index was provided to us by Nareit. Upon written request, we will provide any stockholder with a list of the REITs included in the Equity REIT Index and the Office REIT Index. The stock performance graph assumes an investment of $100 in each of BXP and the three indices, and the reinvestment of any dividends. The historical information set forth below is not necessarily indicative of future performance. The data shown is based on the share prices or index values, as applicable, at the end of each month shown.
graph.jpg

bxp-20201231_g8.jpg
  As of the year ended December 31,
  2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Boston Properties, Inc. $100.00
 $135.53
 $138.43
 $139.40
 $147.62
 $131.55
S&P 500 Index $100.00
 $113.69
 $115.26
 $129.05
 $157.22
 $150.33
Equity REIT Index $100.00
 $128.03
 $131.64
 $143.00
 $155.41
 $149.12
Office REIT Index $100.00
 $125.86
 $126.22
 $142.84
 $150.33
 $128.54
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Table of Contents
 As of the year ended December 31,
 201520162017201820192020
Boston Properties, Inc.$100.00 $100.71 $106.64 $95.04 $119.82 $85.85 
S&P 500 Index$100.00 $111.96 $136.40 $130.42 $171.49 $203.04 
Equity REIT Index$100.00 $108.52 $114.19 $108.91 $137.23 $126.25 
Office REIT Index$100.00 $113.17 $119.11 $101.84 $133.83 $109.16 
 
Boston Properties, Inc.
(a) None.During the three months ended December 31, 2020, BXP issued an aggregate of 82,953 shares of common stock in exchange for 82,953 common units of limited partnership held by certain limited partners of BPLP. Of these shares, 37,460 shares were issued in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. BXP relied on the exemption under Section 4(a)(2) based upon factual representations received from the limited partners who received the common shares.
(b) Not applicable.Applicable.
(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Period(a)
Total Number of Shares of Common Stock
Purchased		(b)
Average Price Paid per Common Share		(c)
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		(d)
Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet be Purchased
October 1, 2020 – October 31, 2020428 (1)$0.01 N/AN/A
November 1, 2020 - November 30, 2020— — N/AN/A
December 1, 2020 – December 31, 2020— — N/AN/A
Total428 $0.01 N/AN/A
Period 
(a)
Total Number of Shares of Common Stock
Purchased
 
(b)
Average Price Paid per Common Share
 
(c)
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
 
(d)
Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet be Purchased
October 1, 2018 - October 31, 2018 —
 $—
 N/A N/A
November 1, 2018 - November 30, 2018 210
(1)129.97
 N/A N/A
December 1, 2018 - December 31, 2018 3,666
(1)118.02
 N/A N/A
Total 3,876
 $118.67
 N/A N/A
____________________
____________________
(1)Represents shares of common stock of BXP surrendered by certain employees to BXP to satisfy such employees’ tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted common stock.

(1)Represents shares of restricted common stock of BXP repurchased in connection with the termination of an employee’s employment with BXP. Under the terms of the applicable restricted stock award agreements, the shares were repurchased by BXP at a price of $0.01 per share, which was the amount originally paid by such employee for such shares.
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
(a) None.Not Applicable.
(b) Not applicable.Applicable.
(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Period(a)
Total Number of Units
Purchased		(b)
Average Price Paid per Unit		(c)
Total Number of Units Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		(d)
Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Units that May Yet be Purchased
October 1, 2020 – October 31, 20202,713 (1)$0.21 N/AN/A
November 1, 2020 – November 30, 2020— — N/AN/A
December 1, 2020 – December 31, 2020— — N/AN/A
Total2,713 $0.21 N/AN/A
____________________
(1)Includes 428 common units previously held by BXP that were redeemed in connection with the repurchase of shares of restricted common stock of BXP in connection with the termination of an employee’s employment with BXP and 2,285 LTIP units that were repurchased by BPLP in connection with the termination of certain employees’ employment with BXP. Under the terms of the applicable restricted stock award agreements and LTIP unit vesting agreements, such shares were repurchased at a price of $0.01 per share and such LTIP units were repurchased at a price $0.25 per unit, which were the amounts originally paid by such employees for such shares and units.
51
Period 
(a)
Total Number of Units
Purchased
 
(b)
Average Price Paid per Unit
 
(c)
Total Number of Units Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
 
(d)
Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Units that May Yet be Purchased
October 1, 2018 - October 31, 2018 —
 $—
 N/A N/A
November 1, 2018 - November 30, 2018 210
(1)129.97
 N/A N/A
December 1, 2018 - December 31, 2018 3,666
(1)118.02
 N/A N/A
Total 3,876
 $118.67
 N/A N/A
Table of Contents
____________________
(1)Represents common units previously held by BXP that were redeemed in connection with the surrender of shares of restricted common stock of BXP by certain employees to BXP to satisfy such employees’ tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted common stock.


Item 6. Selected Financial DataData.
The following tables set forth selected financial and operating data on a historical basis for each of BXP and BPLP. The following data should be read in conjunction with BXP’s and BPLP’s financial statements and notes thereto and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.Our historical operating results may not be comparable to our future operating results.
The impact that COVID-19 has had on our business, financial position and results of operations during 2020 is discussed throughout this report. The full extent of the impact of COVID-19 on our business, operations and financial results will depend on numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict. The impact of COVID-19 on our revenue, in particular lease, parking and hotel revenue was negatively impacted by COVID-19 for the year ended December 31, 2020, thus negatively impacting our FFO. These decreases are discussed under the heading “Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2020 to the year ended December 31, 2019” within “Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
Boston Properties, Inc.
 For the year ended December 31,
 20202019201820172016
 (in thousands, except per share data)
Statement of Operations Information:
Total revenue$2,765,686 $2,960,562 $2,717,076 $2,602,076 $2,550,820 
Expenses:
Rental operating1,017,208 1,050,010 979,151 929,977 889,768 
Hotel operating13,136 34,004 33,863 32,059 31,466 
General and administrative133,112 140,777 121,722 113,715 105,229 
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts11,626 10,386 9,590 — — 
Transaction costs1,531 1,984 1,604 668 2,387 
Depreciation and amortization683,751 677,764 645,649 617,547 694,403 
Total expenses1,860,364 1,914,925 1,791,579 1,693,966 1,723,253 
Other income (expense):
Income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures(85,110)46,592 2,222 11,232 8,074 
Gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture— — — — 59,370 
Gains on sales of real estate618,982 709 182,356 7,663 80,606 
Interest and other income (loss)5,953 18,939 10,823 5,783 7,230 
Gains (losses) from investments in securities5,261 6,417 (1,865)3,678 2,273 
Gains (losses) from early extinguishments of debt— (29,540)(16,490)496 (371)
Impairment losses— (24,038)(11,812)— (1,783)
Losses from interest rate contracts— — — — (140)
Interest expense(431,717)(412,717)(378,168)(374,481)(412,849)
Net income1,018,691 651,999 712,563 562,481 569,977 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(145,964)(130,465)(129,716)(100,042)(57,192)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc.872,727 521,534 582,847 462,439 512,785 
Preferred dividends(10,500)(10,500)(10,500)(10,500)(10,500)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders$862,227 $511,034 $572,347 $451,939 $502,285 
Basic earnings per common share attributable to Boston Properties, Inc.:
Net income$5.54 $3.31 $3.71 $2.93 $3.27 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding155,432 154,582 154,427 154,190 153,715 
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to Boston Properties, Inc.:
Net income$5.54 $3.30 $3.70 $2.93 $3.26 
Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding155,517 154,883 154,682 154,390 153,977 
52
Table of Contents
  For the year ended December 31,
  2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
  (in thousands, except per share data)
Statement of Operations Information:          
Total revenue $2,717,076
 $2,602,076
 $2,550,820
 $2,490,821
 $2,396,998
Expenses:          
Rental operating 979,151
 929,977
 889,768
 872,252
 835,290
Hotel operating 33,863
 32,059
 31,466
 32,084
 29,236
General and administrative 121,722
 113,715
 105,229
 96,319
 98,937
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts 9,590
 —
 —
 —
 —
Transaction costs 1,604
 668
 2,387
 1,259
 3,140
Depreciation and amortization 645,649
 617,547
 694,403
 639,542
 628,573
Total expenses 1,791,579
 1,693,966
 1,723,253
 1,641,456
 1,595,176
Other income (expense):          
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures 2,222
 11,232
 8,074
 22,770
 12,769
Gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture —
 —
 59,370
 —
 —
Gains on sales of real estate 182,356
 7,663
 80,606
 375,895
 168,039
Interest and other income 10,823
 5,783
 7,230
 6,777
 8,765
Gains (losses) from investments in securities (1,865) 3,678
 2,273
 (653) 1,038
Gains (losses) from early extinguishments of debt (16,490) 496
 (371) (22,040) (10,633)
Impairment losses (11,812) —
 (1,783) —
 —
Losses from interest rate contracts —
 —
 (140) —
 —
Interest expense (378,168) (374,481) (412,849) (432,196) (455,743)
Net income 712,563
 562,481
 569,977
 799,918
 526,057
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (129,716) (100,042) (57,192) (216,812) (82,446)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. 582,847
 462,439
 512,785
 583,106
 443,611
Preferred dividends (10,500) (10,500) (10,500) (10,500) (10,500)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders $572,347
 $451,939
 $502,285
 $572,606
 $433,111
Basic earnings per common share attributable to Boston Properties, Inc.:          
Net income $3.71
 $2.93
 $3.27
 $3.73
 $2.83
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding 154,427
 154,190
 153,715
 153,471
 153,089
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to Boston Properties, Inc.:          
Net income $3.70
 $2.93
 $3.26
 $3.72
 $2.83
Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding 154,682
 154,390
 153,977
 153,844
 153,308

 December 31, December 31,
 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 20202019201820172016
 (in thousands) (in thousands)
Balance Sheet information:          Balance Sheet information:
Real estate, gross $21,649,896
 $21,096,642
 $20,147,263
 $19,481,535
 $19,236,403
Real estate, gross$23,352,909 $22,889,010 $21,649,896 $21,096,642 $20,147,263 
Real estate, net 16,752,119
 16,507,008
 15,925,028
 15,555,641
 15,688,744
Real estate, net17,818,807 17,622,212 16,752,119 16,507,008 15,925,028 
Cash and cash equivalents 543,359
 434,767
 356,914
 723,718
 1,763,079
Cash and cash equivalents1,668,742 644,950 543,359 434,767 356,914 
Total assets (1) 20,256,477
 19,372,233
 18,851,643
 18,351,486
 19,852,195
Total indebtedness (1) 11,007,757
 10,271,611
 9,796,133
 9,188,543
 10,052,412
Noncontrolling interests —
 —
 —
 —
 105,325
Total assetsTotal assets22,858,190 21,284,905 20,256,477 19,372,233 18,851,643 
Total indebtednessTotal indebtedness13,047,758 11,811,806 11,007,757 10,271,611 9,796,133 
Redeemable deferred stock unitsRedeemable deferred stock units6,897 8,365 — — — 
Stockholders’ equity attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. 5,883,171
 5,813,957
 5,786,295
 5,709,435
 5,697,298
Stockholders’ equity attributable to Boston Properties, Inc.5,996,083 5,684,687 5,883,171 5,813,957 5,786,295 
Equity noncontrolling interests 2,330,797
 2,288,499
 2,145,629
 2,177,492
 2,205,638
Equity noncontrolling interests2,343,529 2,329,549 2,330,797 2,288,499 2,145,629 
          
 For the year ended December 31, For the year ended December 31,
 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 20202019201820172016
 (in thousands, except per share and percentage data) (in thousands, except per share and percentage data)
Other Information:          Other Information:
Funds from Operations attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders (2) $974,489
 $959,412
 $927,747
 $823,715
 $807,506
Dividends declared per share (3) 3.50
 3.05
 2.70
 3.85
 7.10
Cash flows provided by operating activities (4) 1,150,245
 911,979
 1,034,548
 817,898
 692,120
Cash flows used in investing activities (4) (1,098,876) (882,044) (1,337,347) (711,980) (231,571)
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities (4) 82,453
 55,346
 (74,621) (1,558,810) (632,487)
Funds from Operations attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders (1)Funds from Operations attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders (1)$978,191 $1,085,844 $974,489 $959,412 $927,747 
Dividends declared per shareDividends declared per share3.92 3.83 3.50 3.05 2.70 
Cash flows provided by operating activities (2)Cash flows provided by operating activities (2)1,156,840 1,181,165 1,150,245 911,979 1,034,548 
Cash flows used in investing activities (2)Cash flows used in investing activities (2)(613,719)(1,015,091)(1,098,876)(882,044)(1,337,347)
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities (2)Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities (2)484,322 (113,379)82,453 55,346 (74,621)
Total square feet at end of year (including development projects) 51,586
 50,339
 47,704
 46,495
 45,760
Total square feet at end of year (including development projects)51,239 51,969 51,586 50,339 47,704 
In-service percentage leased at end of year 91.4% 90.7% 90.2% 91.4% 91.7%In-service percentage leased at end of year90.1 %93.0 %91.4 %90.7 %90.2 %
 _______________
(1)
On January 1, 2016, we adopted ASU 2015-03 and retrospectively applied the guidance to our Mortgage Notes Payable and Unsecured Senior Notes for all periods presented. Unamortized deferred financing costs, with the exception of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, were previously included in Total Assets totaling approximately $28.0 million and $34.5 million are now included in Total Indebtedness as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
(1)Pursuant to the revised definition of Funds from Operations adopted by the Board of Governors of Nareit, we calculate Funds from Operations, or “FFO,” for BXP by adjusting net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders (computed in accordance with GAAP) for gains (or losses) from sales of properties, impairment losses on depreciable real estate consolidated on BXP’s balance sheet, impairment losses on our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures driven by a measurable decrease in the fair value of depreciable real estate held by the unconsolidated joint ventures and our share of real estate-related depreciation and amortization. FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure. We believe the presentation of FFO, combined with the presentation of required GAAP financial measures, improves the understanding of operating results of REITs among the investing public and helps make comparisons of REIT operating results more meaningful. Management generally considers FFO to be a useful measure for understanding and comparing BXP’s operating results because, by excluding gains and losses related to sales of previously depreciated operating real estate assets, impairment losses and real estate asset depreciation and amortization (which can differ across owners of similar assets in similar condition based on historical cost accounting and useful life estimates), FFO can help investors compare the operating performance of a company’s real estate across reporting periods and to the operating performance of other companies. Amount represents BXP’s share, which was 90.03%, 89.77%, 89.83%, 89.82% and 89.70% for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, after allocation to the noncontrolling interests.
(2)Pursuant to the revised definition of Funds from Operations adopted by the Board of Governors of Nareit, we calculate Funds from Operations, or “FFO,” for BXP by adjusting net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders (computed in accordance with GAAP) for gains (or losses) from sales of properties, impairment losses on depreciable real estate consolidated on BXP’s balance sheet, impairment losses on our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures driven by a measurable decrease in the fair value of depreciable real estate held by the unconsolidated joint ventures and our share of real estate-related depreciation and amortization. FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure, but we believe the presentation of FFO, combined with the presentation of required GAAP financial measures, has improved the understanding of operating results of REITs among the investing public and has helped make comparisons of REIT operating results more meaningful. Management generally considers FFO to be a useful measure for understanding and comparing BXP’s operating results because, by excluding gains and losses related to sales of previously depreciated operating real estate assets, impairment losses and real estate asset depreciation and amortization (which can differ across owners of similar assets in similar condition based on historical cost accounting and useful life estimates), FFO can help investors compare the operating performance of a company’s real estate across reporting periods and to the operating performance of other companies. Amount represents BXP’s share, which was 89.83%, 89.82%, 89.70%, 89.68% and 89.81% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, after allocation to the noncontrolling interests.
Our computation of FFO may not be comparable to FFO reported by other REITs or real estate companies that do not define the term in accordance with the current Nareit definition or that interpret the current Nareit definition differently. We believe that in order to facilitate a clear understanding of our operating results, FFO should be examined in conjunction with net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders as presented in BXP’s Consolidated Financial Statements. FFO should not be considered as a substitute for net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders (determined in accordance with GAAP) or any other GAAP financial measures and should only be considered together with and as a supplement to BXP’s financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.  
A reconciliation of FFO attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders to net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders computed in accordance with GAAP is provided under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Funds from Operations.”

(2)On January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) ASU 2016-15 and ASU 2016-18 and retrospectively applied the guidance to our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for all periods presented. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 and ASU 2016-18 required us to include Cash Held in Escrows with Cash and Cash Equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and required us to classify debt prepayment and extinguishment costs as a component of financing activities instead of as a component of operating activities in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows resulting in changes to the reported amounts of cash flows provided by (used in) operating, investing and financing activities.
(3)Includes the special dividends of $1.25 per share, $4.50 per share and $2.25 per share paid on January 28, 2016, January 28, 2015 and January 29, 2014, respectively, to shareholders of record as of the close of business on December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
(4)On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2016-15 and ASU 2016-18 and retrospectively applied the guidance to our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for all periods presented. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 and ASU 2016-18 required us to include Cash Held in Escrows with Cash and Cash Equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and required us to classify debt prepayment and extinguishment costs as a component of financing activities instead of as a component of operating activities in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows resulting in changes to the reported amounts of cash flows provided by (used in) operating, investing and financing activities (See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
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Boston Properties Limited Partnership
 For the year ended December 31, For the year ended December 31,
 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 20202019201820172016
 (in thousands, except per unit data) (in thousands, except per unit data)
Statement of Operations Information:          Statement of Operations Information:
Total revenue $2,717,076
 $2,602,076
 $2,550,820
 $2,490,821
 $2,396,998
Total revenue$2,765,686 $2,960,562 $2,717,076 $2,602,076 $2,550,820 
Expenses:          Expenses:
Rental operating 979,151
 929,977
 889,768
 872,252
 835,290
Rental operating1,017,208 1,050,010 979,151 929,977 889,768 
Hotel operating 33,863
 32,059
 31,466
 32,084
 29,236
Hotel operating13,136 34,004 33,863 32,059 31,466 
General and administrative 121,722
 113,715
 105,229
 96,319
 98,937
General and administrative133,112 140,777 121,722 113,715 105,229 
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts 9,590
 —
 —
 —
 —
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts11,626 10,386 9,590 — — 
Transaction costs 1,604
 668
 2,387
 1,259
 3,140
Transaction costs1,531 1,984 1,604 668 2,387 
Depreciation and amortization 637,891
 609,407
 682,776
 631,549
 620,064
Depreciation and amortization676,666 669,956 637,891 609,407 682,776 
Total expenses 1,783,821
 1,685,826
 1,711,626
 1,633,463
 1,586,667
Total expenses1,853,279 1,907,117 1,783,821 1,685,826 1,711,626 
Other income (expense):          Other income (expense):
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures 2,222
 11,232
 8,074
 22,770
 12,769
Income (loss) from unconsolidated joint venturesIncome (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures(85,110)46,592 2,222 11,232 8,074 
Gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture —
 —
 59,370
 —
 —
Gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture— — — — 59,370 
Gains on sales of real estate 190,716
 8,240
 82,775
 377,093
 174,686
Gains on sales of real estate631,945 858 190,716 8,240 82,775 
Interest and other income 10,823
 5,783
 7,230
 6,777
 8,765
Interest and other income (loss)Interest and other income (loss)5,953 18,939 10,823 5,783 7,230 
Gains (losses) from investments in securities (1,865) 3,678
 2,273
 (653) 1,038
Gains (losses) from investments in securities5,261 6,417 (1,865)3,678 2,273 
Gains (losses) from early extinguishments of debt (16,490) 496
 (371) (22,040) (10,633)Gains (losses) from early extinguishments of debt— (29,540)(16,490)496 (371)
Impairment losses (10,181) —
 (1,783) —
 —
Impairment losses— (22,272)(10,181)— (1,783)
Losses from interest rate contracts —
 —
 (140) —
 —
Losses from interest rate contracts— — — — (140)
Interest expense (378,168) (374,481) (412,849) (432,196) (455,743)Interest expense(431,717)(412,717)(378,168)(374,481)(412,849)
Net income 730,312
 571,198
 583,773
 809,109
 541,213
Net income1,038,739 661,722 730,312 571,198 583,773 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests:          Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests:
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships (62,909) (47,832) 2,068
 (149,855) (30,561)Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships(48,260)(71,120)(62,909)(47,832)2,068 
Noncontrolling interest-redeemable preferred units —
 —
 —
 (6) (1,023)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership 667,403
 523,366
 585,841
 659,248
 509,629
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership990,479 590,602 667,403 523,366 585,841 
Preferred distributions (10,500) (10,500) (10,500) (10,500) (10,500)Preferred distributions(10,500)(10,500)(10,500)(10,500)(10,500)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders $656,903
 $512,866
 $575,341
 $648,748
 $499,129
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders$979,979 $580,102 $656,903 $512,866 $575,341 
Basic earnings per common unit attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership:          Basic earnings per common unit attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership:
Net income $3.82
 $2.99
 $3.36
 $3.79
 $2.93
Net income$5.67 $3.37 $3.82 $2.99 $3.36 
Weighted average number of common units outstanding 171,912
 171,661
 171,361
 171,139
 170,453
Weighted average number of common units outstanding172,643 172,200 171,912 171,661 171,361 
Diluted earnings per common unit attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership:          Diluted earnings per common unit attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership:
Net income $3.81
 $2.98
 $3.35
 $3.78
 $2.92
Net income$5.67 $3.36 $3.81 $2.98 $3.35 
Weighted average number of common and common equivalent units outstanding 172,167
 171,861
 171,623
 171,512
 170,672
Weighted average number of common and common equivalent units outstanding172,728 172,501 172,167 171,861 171,623 
 
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 December 31, December 31,
 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 20202019201820172016
 (in thousands) (in thousands)
Balance Sheet information:          Balance Sheet information:
Real estate, gross $21,251,540
 $20,685,164
 $19,733,872
 $19,061,141
 $18,814,558
Real estate, gross$22,976,100 $22,493,789 $21,251,540 $20,685,164 $19,733,872 
Real estate, net 16,451,065
 16,188,205
 15,597,508
 15,214,325
 15,338,237
Real estate, net17,547,524 17,330,881 16,451,065 16,188,205 15,597,508 
Cash and cash equivalents 543,359
 434,767
 356,914
 723,718
 1,763,079
Cash and cash equivalents1,668,742 644,950 543,359 434,767 356,914 
Total assets (1) 19,955,423
 19,053,430
 18,524,123
 18,010,170
 19,501,688
Total indebtedness (1) 11,007,757
 10,271,611
 9,796,133
 9,188,543
 10,052,412
Total assetsTotal assets22,586,907 20,993,574 19,955,423 19,053,430 18,524,123 
Total indebtednessTotal indebtedness13,047,758 11,811,806 11,007,757 10,271,611 9,796,133 
Noncontrolling interests 2,000,591
 2,292,263
 2,262,040
 2,286,689
 2,415,371
Noncontrolling interests1,643,024 2,468,753 2,000,591 2,292,263 2,262,040 
Redeemable deferred stock unitsRedeemable deferred stock units6,897 8,365 — — — 
Boston Properties Limited Partnership partners’ capital 4,200,878
 3,807,630
 3,811,717
 3,684,522
 3,639,916
Boston Properties Limited Partnership partners’ capital4,698,372 3,525,463 4,200,878 3,807,630 3,811,717 
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships 1,711,445
 1,683,760
 1,530,647
 1,574,400
 1,602,467
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships1,726,933 1,728,689 1,711,445 1,683,760 1,530,647 
          
 For the year ended December 31, For the year ended December 31,
 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 20202019201820172016
 (in thousands, except per unit and percentage data) (in thousands, except per unit and percentage data)
Other Information:          Other Information:
Funds from operations attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders (2)(1) $1,084,827
 $1,068,119
 $1,034,251
 $918,543
 $899,094
$1,086,501 $1,209,601 $1,084,827 $1,068,119 $1,034,251 
Distributions per common unit (3) 3.50
 3.05
 2.70
 3.85
 7.10
3.92 3.83 3.50 3.05 2.70 
Cash flows provided by operating activities (4)(2) 1,150,245
 911,979
 1,034,548
 817,898
 692,120
1,156,840 1,181,165 1,150,245 911,979 1,034,548 
Cash flows used in investing activities (4)(2) (1,098,876) (882,044) (1,337,347) (711,980) (231,571)(613,719)(1,015,091)(1,098,876)(882,044)(1,337,347)
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities (4)(2) 82,453
 55,346
 (74,621) (1,558,810) (632,487)484,322 (113,379)82,453 55,346 (74,621)
Total square feet at end of year (including development projects) 51,586
 50,339
 47,704
 46,495
 45,760
Total square feet at end of year (including development projects)51,239 51,969 51,586 50,339 47,704 
In-service percentage leased at end of year 91.4% 90.7% 90.2% 91.4% 91.7%In-service percentage leased at end of year90.1 %93.0 %91.4 %90.7 %90.2 %
  _______________
(1)
On January 1, 2016, we adopted ASU 2015-03 and retrospectively applied the guidance to our Mortgage Notes Payable and Unsecured Senior Notes for all periods presented. Unamortized deferred financing costs, with the exception of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, were previously included in Total Assets totaling approximately $28.0 million and $34.5 million are now included in Total Indebtedness as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
(2)Pursuant to the revised definition of Funds from Operations adopted by the Board of Governors of Nareit, we calculate Funds from Operations, or “FFO,” for BPLP by adjusting net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders (computed in accordance with GAAP) for gains (or losses) from sales of properties, impairment losses on depreciable real estate consolidated on BPLP’s balance sheet, impairment losses on our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures driven by a measurable decrease in the fair value of depreciable real estate held by the unconsolidated joint ventures and our share of real estate-related depreciation and amortization. FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure, but we believe the presentation of FFO, combined with the presentation of required GAAP financial measures, has improved the understanding of operating results of REITs among the investing public and has helped make comparisons of REIT operating results more meaningful. Management generally considers FFO to be useful measures for understanding and comparing BPLP’s operating results because, by excluding gains and losses related to sales of previously depreciated operating real estate assets, impairment losses and real estate asset depreciation and amortization (which can differ across owners of similar assets in similar condition based on historical cost accounting and useful life estimates), FFO can help investors compare the operating performance of a company’s real estate across reporting periods and to the operating performance of other companies.
(1)Pursuant to the revised definition of Funds from Operations adopted by the Board of Governors of Nareit, we calculate Funds from Operations, or “FFO,” for BPLP by adjusting net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders (computed in accordance with GAAP) for gains (or losses) from sales of properties, impairment losses on depreciable real estate consolidated on BPLP’s balance sheet, impairment losses on our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures driven by a measurable decrease in the fair value of depreciable real estate held by the unconsolidated joint ventures and our share of real estate-related depreciation and amortization. FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure. We believe the presentation of FFO, combined with the presentation of required GAAP financial measures, improves the understanding of operating results of REITs among the investing public and helps make comparisons of REIT operating results more meaningful. Management generally considers FFO to be useful measures for understanding and comparing BPLP’s operating results because, by excluding gains and losses related to sales of previously depreciated operating real estate assets, impairment losses and real estate asset depreciation and amortization (which can differ across owners of similar assets in similar condition based on historical cost accounting and useful life estimates), FFO can help investors compare the operating performance of a company’s real estate across reporting periods and to the operating performance of other companies.
Our computation of FFO may not be comparable to FFO reported by other REITs or real estate companies that do not define the term in accordance with the current Nareit definition or that interpret the current Nareit definition differently. We believe that in order to facilitate a clear understanding of our operating results, FFO should be examined in conjunction with net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders as presented in BPLP’s Consolidated Financial Statements. FFO should not be considered as a substitute for net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders (determined in accordance with GAAP) or any other GAAP financial measures and should only be considered together with and as a supplement to BPLP’s financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.

A reconciliation of FFO attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders to net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders computed in accordance with GAAP is provided under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Funds from Operations.”
(3)Includes the special distributions of $1.25 per common unit, $4.50 per common unit and $2.25 per common unit paid on January 28, 2016, January 28, 2015 and January 29, 2014, respectively, to unitholders of record as of the close of business on December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
(4)On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2016-15 and ASU 2016-18 and retrospectively applied the guidance to our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for all periods presented. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 and ASU 2016-18 required us to include Cash Held in Escrows with Cash and Cash Equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and required us to classify debt prepayment and extinguishment costs as a component of financing activities instead of as a component of operating activities in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows resulting in changes to the reported amounts of cash flows provided by (used in) operating, investing and financing activities (See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).


(2)On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2016-15 and ASU 2016-18 and retrospectively applied the guidance to our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for all periods presented. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 and ASU 2016-18 required us to include Cash Held in Escrows with Cash and Cash Equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period
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and end-of-period total amounts shown on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and required us to classify debt prepayment and extinguishment costs as a component of financing activities instead of as a component of operating activities in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows resulting in changes to the reported amounts of cash flows provided by (used in) operating, investing and financing activities.

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Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report.
Forward-Looking Statements
TheThis Annual ReportsReport on Form 10-K, including the documents incorporated by reference, contain forward-lookingforward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. We intend these forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and are including this statement for purposes of complying with those safe harbor provisions.provisions, in each case, to the extent applicable. Such statements are contained principally, but not only, under the captions “Business—“Business—Business and Growth Strategies,” “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” We caution investors that any such forward-looking statements are based on current beliefs or expectations of future events and on assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. When used, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “budget,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “project,” “should,” “will” and similar expressions whichthat do not relate solely to historical matters are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions and are not guarantees of future performance or occurrences, which may be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties and factors that are, in some cases, beyond our control. Should one or more of these known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimatedexpressed or projectedimplied by the forward-looking statements. We caution you that, while forward-looking statements reflect our good-faith beliefs when we make them, they are not guarantees of future performance or occurrences and are impacted by actual events when they occur after we make such statements. Accordingly, investors should use caution in relying on forward-looking statements, which are based on results and trends at the time they are made, to anticipate future results or trends.
One of the most significant factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements is the ongoing impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic on the U.S. and global economies, which has impacted, and is likely to continue to impact, us and, directly or indirectly, many of the other important factors below and the risks set forth in this Form 10-K in Part I, Item 1A.
Some of the risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:
if there is a negative change•the risks and uncertainties related to the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic, including the duration, scope and severity of the pandemic domestically and internationally; federal, state and local government actions or restrictive measures implemented in response to COVID-19, the economy, including, but not limited to, a reversaleffectiveness of such measures, as well as the effect of any relaxation of current job growth trendsrestrictions, and an increasethe direct and indirect impact of such measures on our and our tenants' businesses, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, liquidity and performance, and the U.S. and international economy and economic activity generally; the speed, effectiveness and distribution of vaccines, whether new or existing actions and measures continue to result in increasing unemployment it could have a negative effect onthat impacts the following, among other things:
the fundamentalsability of our business, including overall market occupancy, tenant space utilizationresidential tenants to generate sufficient income to pay, or make them unwilling to pay rent in a timely manner, in full or at all; the health, continued service and rental rates;
the financial conditionavailability of our personnel, including our key personnel and property management teams; and the effectiveness or lack of effectiveness of governmental relief in providing assistance to individuals and large and small businesses, including our tenants, many of which are financial, legal, media/telecommunication, technology and other professional firms, our lenders, counterparties to our derivative financial instruments and institutions that hold our cash balances and short-term investments, which may expose us to increased risks of default by these parties; andhave suffered significant adverse effects from COVID-19;
the value of our real estate assets, which may limit our ability to dispose of assets at attractive prices or obtain or maintain debt financing secured by our properties or on an unsecured basis;
•volatile or adverse global economic and political conditions, health crises and dislocations in the credit markets could adversely affect our access to cost-effective capital and have a resulting material adverse effect on our business opportunities, results of operations and financial condition;
•general risks affecting the real estate industry (including, without limitation, the inability to enter into or renew leases, tenant space utilization, dependence on tenants’ financial condition, and competition from other developers, owners and operators of real estate);
•failure to manage effectively our growth and expansion into new markets and sub-markets or to integrate acquisitions and developments successfully;
•the ability of our joint venture partners to satisfy their obligations;
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•risks and uncertainties affecting property development and construction (including, without limitation, construction delays, increased construction costs, cost overruns, inability to obtain necessary permits, tenant accounting considerations that may result in negotiated lease provisions that limit a tenant’s liability during construction, and public opposition to such activities);

•risks associated with the availability and terms of financing and the use of debt to fund acquisitions and developments or refinance existing indebtedness, including the impact of higher interest rates on the cost and/or availability of financing;
•risks associated with forward interest rate contracts and the effectiveness of such arrangements;
•risks associated with downturns in the national and local economies, increases in interest rates, and volatility in the securities markets;
•risks associated with actual or threatened terrorist attacks;
•costs of compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and other similar laws;
•potential liability for uninsured losses and environmental contamination;
•risks associated with the physical effects of climate change;
•risks associated with security breaches through cyber attacks, cyber intrusions or otherwise, as well as other significant disruptions of our information technology (IT) networks and related systems, which support our operations and our buildings;
•risks associated with BXP’s potential failure to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended;
•possible adverse changes in tax and environmental laws;
•the impact of newly adopted accounting principles on our accounting policies and on period-to-period comparisons of financial results;
•risks associated with possible state and local tax audits; and
•risks associated with our dependence on key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed.

The risks set forth above are not exhaustive. Other sections of this report, including “Part I, Item 1A—Risk Factors,” include additional factors that could adversely affect our business and financial performance.Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment.environment, particularly in light of the circumstances relating to COVID-19. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all risk factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. Investors should also refer to our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for future periods and Current Reports on Form 8-K as we file them with the SEC, and to other materials we may furnish to the public from time to time through Current Reports on Form 8-K or otherwise, for a discussion of risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. We expressly disclaim any responsibility to update any forward-looking statements to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information, future events, or otherwise, and you should not rely upon these forward-looking statements after the date of this report.
Overview
Boston PropertiesBXP is one of the largest publicly-traded developers, ownersoffice real estate investment trusts (REITs) (based on total market capitalization as of December 31, 2020) in the United States that develops, owns and managers ofmanages primarily Class A office properties. Our properties in the U.S.,are concentrated in five markets in the United States - Boston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco and Washington, DC. BXP is a fully integrated real estate company, organized as a real estate investment trust (REIT). BPLP is the entity through which BXP conducts substantially all of its business and owns (either directly or through subsidiaries) substantially all of its assets. We generate revenue and cash primarily by leasing Class A office space to our tenants. When making leasing decisions, we consider, among other things, the creditworthiness of the tenant and the industry in which it conducts business, the length of the lease, the rental rate to be paid at inception and throughout the lease term, the costs of tenant improvements, free rent period and other landlord concessions, anticipated operating expenses and real estate taxes, current and anticipated vacancy in our properties and the market overall (including sublease space), current and expected future demand for the space, the impact of any expansion rights and general economic factors.
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Our core strategy has always been to develop, acquire and manage high-quality properties in supply-constrained markets with high barriers-to-entry and to focus on executing long-term leases with financially strong tenants. Our tenant base is diverse across market sectors and our averagethe weighted-average lease term for our in-place leases, excluding residential units, was approximately 7.4 years, as of December 31, 2020, including leases signed by our unconsolidated joint ventures,ventures. The weighted-average lease term for our top 20 office tenants was approximately 7.510.4 years as of December 31, 2018.2020. Historically, these factors have minimized our exposure in weaker economic cycles and enhanced revenues as market conditions improve. To be successful in any leasing environment, we believe we must consider all aspects of the tenant-landlord relationship. In this regard, we believe that our competitive advantage is based on the following attributes:

•our understanding of tenants’ short- and long-term space utilization and amenity needs in the local markets;
•our reputation as a premier developer, owner and manager of primarily Class A office properties;
•our financial strength and our ability to maintain high building standards;
•our focus on developing and operating in a sustainable and responsible manner; and
•our relationships with local brokers.
Outlook
DespiteStarting in March 2020, the market volatilityCOVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted global macroeconomic conditions. Following a drop in late 2018, job creation, oneU.S. GDP of 31% in the second quarter of 2020, GDP growth in each of the primary factors impacting our markets, remains constructive asthird and fourth quarters of 2020 showed sequential quarterly improvements after the U.S. economy created approximately 695,000 jobsenactment of federal stimulus programs. While initial estimates indicate that GDP grew 4% in the fourth quarter of 2018,2020, this was a decline from the third quarter as many of the stimulus programs began to expire toward the end of the year. U.S. stocks rose in November of 2020 as news about vaccine efficacy provided optimism. As we begin 2021, the U.S. economic recovery remains slow and operating conditions for several sectors, including commercial real estate, continue to be negatively impacted by the unemployment rate was near a 50-year low at 3.9%. Moreover,pandemic. The health of the overall economy and employment trends among professional workers have been, and we expect will continue to be, important drivers of office market conditions as vaccine distribution and efficacy drives a return to normal.
Late in the recent decelerationfirst quarter of growth2020, public health officials and governmental authorities, including those in all of the markets in which we operate, reacted to plateau,the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic by imposing various regulatory measures, including quarantines, travel restrictions, issuing “stay-at-home” orders, restricting the types of businesses that could continue to operate (including the types of construction projects that could proceed), closing schools and otherwise limiting the size of gatherings. Although the state and local authorities in many of our regions eased those regulations in the second half of 2020 to allow for the return to work, the physical occupancy of our properties remained well below capacity for the remainder of 2020 as the Federal Reserve projects 2019 GDP growth of approximately 2.3%, which is downinfection rates increased and most employers continued their COVID-19 response protocols and encouraged employees to work from 2018 GDP growth of 3.0%, and for U.S. economic growth to stabilize above 2.0%.home when possible.
The combinationfuture impact of favorable job growth trendsthe pandemic on the demand for office space is unclear as companies consider the recessionary impact on their business and their demand for labor while, at the same time, evaluate their space requirements in our particular markets, a stable outlook for U.S. economic growth,light of their current and projected headcounts and the continued successfocus on social distancing and employees’ desire for more flexibility to work from home. Real estate is by nature a long-term business and we do not believe these considerations and ultimate decisions by tenants will evidence a clear trend in the short term. In the meantime, we believe our strategically located, high quality office properties will continue to be a component of today’s forward-thinking organizations that desire collaboration, innovation, productivity and culture, and we expect tenants will take advantage of the availability of Class A space and upgrade.
In the fourth quarter of 2020, we signed approximately 1.2 million square feet of new leases and renewals with a weighted-average lease term of approximately eight years, indicating that, despite headwinds, many prospective and existing tenants continue to commit to the long-term use of space and view our properties as their preferred choice for a premium Class A office environment. Included in our fourth quarter 2020 leasing activity were (1) an approximately 196,000 square foot, 20-year lease for the U.S. headquarters of a multinational automotive company at our Reston Next development in Reston, Virginia; (2) an approximately 138,000 square-foot, 10-year lease with a biotechnology company at 200 West Street in Waltham, Massachusetts and (3) an approximately 75,000 square-foot, seven-year lease with a leading healthcare technology company at 20 CityPoint, a development in Waltham, Massachusetts that we fully placed-in service in June 2020.
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While the volume of leasing in the fourth quarter of 2020 was an improvement of approximately 350,000 square feet of leasing from the third quarter of 2020, new leasing activity in the fourth quarter of 2020 remained lower than it was prior to the COVID-19 pandemic as many existing and prospective tenants deferred decisions on their office space needs as they focused on their employees’ safety and managing their businesses through the recession and economic recovery.
The development of primarily pre-leased properties in supply-constrained markets with the strongest economic growth over time continues to be a cornerstone of our long-term growth strategy. As of December 31, 2020, we had approximately 3.7 million square feet of active developments and redevelopments in our pipeline, which are 87% pre-leased, as of February 22, 2021, to predominately credit-strong tenants with long-lease terms. Our development projects are projected to meet required delivery milestones as defined in our leases.
The health and safety of our employees, tenants, service providers and visitors continue to be our highest priorities. In the fourth quarter of 2020, we continued to operate in accordance with our health safety protocols in all in-service properties across our portfolio to provide a healthy and safe environment in accordance with the policies and applicable legal requirements in our regions.
Rent Collections
Cash rent payments for a particular month are generally due on the first day of that month (although tenants have varying grace periods). Our reported rent collection amounts are based on the total amount of rent billed by us, including all amounts from consolidated operations and all unconsolidated joint ventures, other than Gateway Commons, our residential properties and one hotel for which we do not handle billing.
During the fourth quarter of 2020, our rent collections as a percentage of the total amounts billed to all tenants were 99.1%.
•Approximately 96.2% of the total amounts billed were made to office tenants. Our fourth quarter rent collections from office tenants continued to be strong at 99.7%. Approximately 91.4% of our lease revenue in the fourth quarter of 2020 was generated by our office portfolio. Our office portfolio has long-term lease contracts and modest rollover exposure over the next few years.
•Approximately 3.8% of the total amounts billed related to retail leases. Our fourth quarter rent collections from retail tenants were 84.6%.
Revenue
As a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the current economic environment and on the commercial real estate sector in particular, our fourth quarter 2020 revenues, when compared to fourth quarter 2019, continued to be adversely affected due to (1) write-offs of accrued rent balances, (2) declines in revenue from our retail tenants, parking and our single hotel, and (3) a decline in occupancy in our in-service office and retail properties due to a slowdown in new leasing efforts leaves usactivity for vacant and expiring space.
When evaluating the collectability of a tenant’s accrued rent and accounts receivable balances, management analyzes the tenant’s creditworthiness, current economic trends, including the impact of COVID-19 on a tenant’s business, and changes in the tenant’s payment patterns on a lease-by-lease basis. In the fourth quarter of 2020, we recorded write-offs totaling approximately $40.1 million, of which approximately $39.8 million were primarily associated with the write-off of accrued rent of all tenants in the co-working sector and approximately $0.3 million were associated with accounts receivable. These amounts represent the write-offs in our consolidated portfolio, plus our share of the write-offs from the unconsolidated joint ventures (calculated based on our ownership percentage), minus our partners’ share of write-offs from our consolidated joint ventures (calculated based upon the partners’ percentage ownership interests). We will recognize lease revenue from tenants in the co-working sector on a cash basis commencing in the first quarter of 2021.
Our retail tenants were materially and adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Lease revenue from our retail leases was approximately $46.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2020, a $6.3 million, or 12.0%, decrease compared to $53.0 million during the fourth quarter of 2019.
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In the fourth quarter of 2020, our parking and other revenue was approximately $15.9 million, representing a small decrease compared to $16.3 million of parking and other revenue in the third quarter of 2020, but a decrease of approximately $10.8 million, or 40%, compared to the fourth quarter of 2019. The year-over-year decline was largely due to the decline in transient parking revenue as employees continue to work from home amid safety concerns during the pandemic.
Our hotel property, the Boston Marriott Cambridge, re-opened in October 2020 but operated at diminished occupancy and generated only $0.5 million in revenue in the fourth quarter of 2020. Although this was an improvement from the third quarter of 2020 when the hotel was closed, our hotel revenue in the fourth quarter of 2020 decreased $11.3 million as compared to the fourth quarter of 2019. We expect hotel occupancy to remain low until a sufficient number of people have been vaccinated and the demand for travel and leisure returns to historical levels.
The overall occupancy of our in-service office and retail properties was 90.1% at December 31, 2020, a decrease of 290 basis points compared to 93.0% at December 31, 2019. The decrease was primarily due to fully placing in-service Dock 72, an approximately 669,000 square foot office property located in Brooklyn, New York in which we have a 50% ownership interest, which was only 33% leased, as of December 31, 2020, and a slowdown of leasing activity for available space.
Despite the concerns of the COVID-19 pandemic and the negative impact on economic conditions in our markets, we continue to be optimistic for our industry generally and our company in particular.particular, given low interest rates, the high quality of our properties, the supply demand characteristics of our markets and the success of our development efforts. In addition, we anticipate our revenue from retail, parking and our hotel to improve as the pandemic subsides.
As a result, while the equity markets may experience volatility, our priorities remain constant. As a leading developer, owner and manager of marquee Class A office properties in the U.S., we continue to focusUnited States, our priorities remain focused on the following:
•ensuring tenant health, safety and satisfaction;
•leasing available space in our in-service and development properties, as well as proactively focusing on sizable future lease expirations;
•completing the construction of our development properties;
•continuing and completing the redevelopment and repositioning of several key properties to increase future revenue and asset values over the long-term;
•maintaining discipline in our underwriting of investment opportunities by (1) seeking significant pre-leasing commitments before beginning new construction, and (2) targeting acquisition activity in non-stabilized assets near innovation centers where we see favorable prospects for overall growth and our operational expertise can create value; andopportunities;
•managing our near-term debt maturities and maintaining our conservative balance sheet.sheet; and
•actively managing our operations in a sustainable and responsible manner.
The overall occupancyfollowing is an overview of our in-service properties was 91.4% at December 31, 2018, an increase of 30 basis points from 91.1% at September 30, 2018. portfolio activity and leasing activity in the fourth quarter and full year 2020.
During the fourth quarter of 2020, we signed leases across our portfolio totaling approximately 1.81.2 million square feet and we commenced revenue recognition on approximately 1.3 million935,000 square feet of leases in second generation space.space, including lease renewals. Of these second generation leases, approximately 880,000869,000 square feet had been vacant for less than one year and, in the aggregate, they represent an increase in net rental obligations (gross rent less operating expenses) of approximately 11.3%11% over the prior lease.leases.
Our investment strategy remains unchanged. We will continue to invest primarily in higher-yielding new development opportunities with significant pre-leasing commitments. Other than possible acquisitions of “value-add” assets that require lease-up or repositioning, and acquisitions that are otherwise consistentConsistent with our long-term investment strategy to invest in high-yielding development remains our core strategy and focusopportunities, in this current economic environment.
In 2018,2020, we completed and fully placed in-service approximately 2.31.8 million net rentable square feet of new developments/redevelopment, which included the 1.4 million square foot Salesforce Tower. Approximatelydevelopment, including two office development properties that are each approximately 100% of the commercial space in these properties,leased, including leases with future commencement dates, aredates: 17Fifty Presidents Street, an approximately 276,000 square foot property in Reston, Virginia, and 20 CityPoint, an approximately 211,000 square foot property in Waltham, Massachusetts. We also fully placed in-service Dock 72, an approximately 669,000 square foot office property located in Brooklyn, New York in which we have a 50% ownership interest, which was 33% leased as of December 31, 2018.2020. In addition, during 2020 we fully placed in-service two residential properties: Hub50House, a 440 unit residential property in Boston, Massachusetts in which we have a 50% ownership interest, and The Skylyne, a 402 unit residential property in Oakland, California.
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As of December 31, 2018,2020, our construction/redevelopment pipeline consisted of 11 projectssix properties that, when completed, we expect will total approximately 5.33.7 million net rentable square feet. Three of these development/redevelopment projects are owned by joint ventures. Our share of the estimated total cost for these projects is approximately $2.7$2.2 billion, of which approximately $1.6 billion of equity$849 million remains to be

invested as of December 31, 2018. As of February 22, 2019, approximately 78%2020. Approximately 87% of the commercial space in these development projects is pre-leased.was pre-leased as of February 22, 2021.
We have additional 2019 projected development starts totaling approximately 869,000 square feet, including an approximately 400,000 square foot Class A office building in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where we have secured pre-leasing for 100% of the office space, and an approximately 469,000 square foot Class A office building in Washington, DC that is 66% pre-leased.
We continue to focus on developments and investments in markets which we believe have the strongest economic growth opportunities and the potential to deliver strong returns over time. Consistent with this strategy, in the fourth quarter of 2018, we entered into a ground lease (with a future purchase option) to develop a site branded as Platform 16, an urban campus in downtown San Jose, California, that could support the development of approximately 1.1 million square feet of commercial office space near Diridon Station, which is becoming one of the region’s most prominent office locations for technology firms as well as consulting and financial organizations.
WhileAs we continue to focus on our strategythe development and acquisition of developing and acquiring assets to perpetuateenhance our long-term growth, we also continually review our portfolio to identify properties as potential sales candidates because they maythat either no longer fit within our portfolio strategy or they could attract premium pricing in the current market environment. For example, during the fourth quarter of 2018,2020, we completed the sale of 6595 Springfield Center Drive (TSA Headquarters)several properties and land parcels for aggregate net proceeds of $537.7 million (our share), a 634,000including New Dominion Technology Park in Herndon, Virginia; approximately 455,000 square foot development project in Springfield, Virginia, for a sale pricefeet of approximately $98.1 million, consisting of the land and project costs incurred through the closing date. We also completed the sale of 1333 New Hampshire Avenue, an approximately 315,000 square foot Class A office propertyCapital Gallery in Washington, DC for net cash proceedsDC; Annapolis Junction Building Eight and two parcels of approximately $133.7 million.
In 2018, we disposed of approximately $492 million of non-core assets.land at Annapolis Junction Business Park in Annapolis, Maryland and a land parcel in Marlborough, Massachusetts. We expect to continue to sell a modest number of non-coreselect assets in 2019,from time to time, subject to market conditions.
During the fourth quarter of 2018, we reduced our overall borrowing costs and extended our debt maturities with the completion of a $1.0 billion green bond offering of 4.500% unsecured senior notes maturing in 2028. We allocated an amount equal to the net proceeds of the offering to the financing and refinancing of completed and future eligible green projects. The net proceeds were initially used to repay outstanding debt, including the redemption of the $700.0 million of 5.875% unsecured senior notes that were scheduled to mature in October 2019 and to repay borrowings under BPLP's revolving line of credit (“Revolving Facility”). Excluding our unconsolidated joint venture assets, we have no debt maturing in 2019.
Given that interest rates remain relatively low, we may elect to supplement our liquidity position to provide additional capacity to fund our remaining capital requirements for existing development and redevelopment projects, refinance debt before maturity and pursue other attractive investment opportunities. Depending on the type and timing of financing, raising capital may result in us carrying additional cash and cash equivalents pending our use of the proceeds.
A brief overview of each of our markets follows.
Boston
The leasing market in the greater Boston region remains active and strong. TheOur Boston central business district (“CBD”) sub-market continuesin-service portfolio was approximately 98% leased as of December 31, 2020. This includes approximately 225,000 square feet of retail leases, representing 2.3% of our Boston CBD portfolio, that we terminated due to be driven by demand from traditional financial and professional servicesthe nonpayment of rent, but where the tenants a strong flow of new and expanding technology and life science companies, and an ongoing trend of urbanization.have yet to vacate. During the fourth quarter of 2018,2020, we completed lease transactions totaling more than 280,000executed approximately 451,000 square feet of leases and had approximately 171,000 square feet of leases commenced in the Boston region. Approximately 163,000 square feet of the leases that commenced had been vacant for less than one year and represent an increase in net rental obligations of approximately 54% over the prior leases.
Our approximately 1.62.0 million square foot in-service office portfolio in Cambridge is dominated by large users, iswas approximately 99% leased and continues to generate strong rental rates. We are also actively working to meet tenant demand through increasing density and redevelopment. For example,as of December 31, 2020. During the fourth quarter of 2020, we have signed a lease with Google, subject to certain conditions, to expand withincontinued our development of 325 Main Street at Kendall Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts, which is 90% pre-leased to an office tenant for a term of 15 years and have planswe expect to replace an existing 115,000 net rentable square foot building withdeliver into service in 2022.
Waltham and the area surrounding the Route 128-Mass Turnpike interchange continue to comprise a popular submarket of Boston for leading and emerging companies in the life sciences, biotechnology and technology sectors. In our suburban portfolio, we continued the redevelopment of 200 West Street, an approximately 400,000 net rentable273,000 square foot, modernfeet Class A office building with construction expected to commenceproperty in 2019.
In the suburban Waltham/Lexington sub-market, we continue to experience significant demand within our existing tenant base and from other tenants in the market, particularly from technology andWaltham, Massachusetts. The redevelopment is a conversion of approximately 138,000 square feet into life science companies, seeking space to accommodate their expanding workforces. The primary challenge we have in our Boston portfolio

is the lack of availablesciences space to meet growing demand in the life sciences sector. In the fourth quarter of 2020, we signed a 10-year lease with a new tenant demand. Asfor this life sciences space with occupancy expected by year-end 2021. With this lease, the property, including the office space, is approximately 100% leased. During the fourth quarter of 2020, we also signed a result,new 75,000 square-foot, seven-year lease with a leading healthcare technology company at 20 CityPoint, a Class A office property that was fully placed in-service in 2020. With this lease, the office portion of the property is 100% leased. Additionally, in the third quarter of 2020, we are focusedentered into an agreement with an existing joint venture partner for the future development of a 1.2 million square foot site in Waltham. The agreement allows for the phased development of office and life sciences properties across 41-acres and builds on future expirations. Rentsour current footprint of approximately 4.3 million square feet of office and life sciences properties in Boston, Cambridge and the suburban Waltham/Lexington market had strong increases in 2018.this submarket.
Los Angeles
The market inOur Los Angeles (“LA”), particularly in in-service portfolio of approximately 2.3 million square feet is currently focused on West LA remains strong. Ourand includes Colorado Center, complex,a 1.1 million square foot property of which we own 50% of, is approximately 99% leased. Our approach to property management, leasing, and commitment to invest capital has transformed this asset, which was 66% leased when we acquired it in July 2016, into a top-tier property in the marketplace.
In 2018, we expanded our footprint in the Santa Monica sub-market through our acquisition of the 21-building Santa Monica Business Park, through a joint venture in21-building, approximately 1.2 million square foot property of which we own 55%. Santa Monica Business Park (office and retail combined) isAs of December 31, 2020, our LA in-service properties were approximately 94% leased. We believe this acquisition provides us with ample opportunity for future growth, as a majority of the current leases are at below-market rents.
We will continue to explore opportunities to increase our presence in the LA market by seeking investments where our financial, operational, redevelopment and development expertise provide the opportunity, either alone or with partners, to achieve accretive returns. In the third quarter of 2020, we acquired a 50% ownership interest in Beach Cities Media Campus, a 6.4-acre land site on the Rosecrans Corridor of the El Segundo submarket of Los Angeles. The site is fully entitled to support the future development of approximately 275,000 square feet of Class A creative office
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space and is located in the South Bay of Los Angeles, a creative cluster where several Fortune 500 and emerging office tenants in the technology, entertainment and financial sectors are located.
New York
DuringAs of December 31, 2020, our New York CBD in-service portfolio was approximately 90% leased. In addition, we executed approximately 93,000 square feet of leases and approximately 264,000 square feet of leases commenced in the fourth quarter of 2018, we completed leases totaling approximately 1.0 million square feet. Most notably, we completed several leases at our 399 Park Avenue property, including an approximately 300,000 square foot lease with a large financial institution. Including this and other recent leases, 399 Park Avenue is approximately 93% leased, including leases with future commencement dates, surpassing our revenue goals for 2019 and 2020.
The New York region experienced strong leasing trends in 2018.  While rental growth rates remain muted due to increased supply, leasing activity remains strong due to ongoing demand for high quality office space, particularly in midtown Manhattan.  As a result, we experienced strong leasing activity at our 399 Park Avenue property, where we completed more than 525,000 square feet of leases during the year, and general rent stability throughout the region.  For 2019, we expect modest rent growth in most submarkets and stable tenant improvement allowances in our New York region.
San Francisco
The San Francisco CBD leasing market remains healthy and among the strongest markets in the U.S. with market absorption at historical highs. With no new uncommitted development projects anticipated through 2021 in the San Francisco CBD, combined with low vacancy and few available large blocks of sublease space, tenants have few options, which has created a supply and demand imbalance. We expect these fundamentals to continue. During the fourth quarter of 2018, we completed approximately 330,000 square feet of leasing in San Francisco and commenced revenue recognition on approximately 170,000 square feet of leases in second generation space. Of these second-generation leases, approximately 55,000239,000 square feet had been vacant for less than one year and represent an increase in net rental obligations (gross rent less operating expenses) of 28%approximately 12% over the prior leases. In addition, we have commitments or are in active negotiations on the remaining three full-floors of available space at our Embarcadero Center property.
Most importantly, duringIn the fourth quarter of 2018,2020, we fully placed in-service Salesforce Tower,Dock 72, an unconsolidated joint venture development located in Brooklyn, New York in which we own a 50% interest. The property consists of approximately 669,000 square feet of Class A office space and was 33% leased as of December 31, 2020. Excluding Dock 72, the remainder of the New York CBD in-service portfolio is approximately 94% leased. We recognized a $60.5 million non-cash impairment charge related to our 61-story new development. This property is 100% leased, including leases with future commencement dates, with occupancy and revenues expectedinvestment in Dock 72 due to continue to ramp up through the third quarter of 2019.
Outside of San Francisco, the San Jose market has seen an increase in demand, particularly from tenantsconstruction costs and an extension of the projected period to fully lease the property due to the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in the technology sector who seek large-scale sites that are in close proximity to public transportation. As a result, duringlower current fair value.
San Francisco
In the fourth quarter 2018,of 2020, governmental authorities in San Francisco extended travel quarantines, stay-at-home orders and restrictions on the types of businesses that could continue to operate, including offices, except for non-essential workers, which impacted the pace of new leasing activity.
Our San Francisco CBD in-service properties were approximately 95% leased as of December 31, 2020. During the fourth quarter of 2020, we entered into a ground lease (with a future purchase option), which will enable us to develop a site branded as Platform 16. Platform 16 is a 5.6-acre site that is located within walking distanceexecuted approximately 67,000 square feet of the Diridon Station, San Jose’s intermodal transportation hub,leases and adjacent to Google’s planned eight millionwe commenced approximately 50,000 square foot transit village. We expect to begin demolition and site improvements in 2019 and are pursuing tenant discussions for pre-leasing to begin development.

Washington, DC
Market conditionsfeet of leases in the Washington, DC CBD have not changedSan Francisco region. Of these leases, approximately 39,000 square feet had been vacant for less than one year and represent an increase in any meaningful waynet rental obligations of approximately 22% over the past few quarters. prior leases.
Washington, DC
In the Washington, DC region, our focus remainswe remain focused on (1) expanding our development potential in Reston, Virginia, where demand from technology and cybersecurity tenants remains strong, (2) divesting of certain assets in Washington, DC and select suburban markets and (3) matching development sites with tenants to begin development with significant pre-leasing commitments, (2) expanding our development potential in Reston, Virginia and (3) divesting of non-core assets. Our fourth quarter of 2018 activity reflects this focus.
commitments. During the fourth quarter of 2018,2020, we completed three asset salesexecuted approximately 547,000 square feet of leases and we commenced approximately 229,000 square feet of leases in the Washington, DC region. Of these leases, approximately 207,000 square feet had been vacant for an aggregate gross sale priceless than one year.
Our Washington, DC CBD in-service properties were approximately 84% leased, as of December 31, 2020, with modest near-term exposure, and we have reduced our exposure in the Washington, DC CBD market significantly over the past few years through the dispositions of assets.
Our Washington, DC suburban properties, which includes our significant presence in Reston, Virginia, were approximately $286.1 million. The sales consisted85% leased as of (1) 1333 New Hampshire Avenue,December 31, 2020. During the fourth quarter of 2020, we signed an approximately 315,000196,000 square foot, office building, (2)20-year lease with a 41-acre parcel of land located in Rockville, Maryland and (3) 6595 Springfield Center Drive (TSA Headquarters), antenant at Reston Next, our approximately 634,0001.1 million square foot development, project in Springfield, Virginia consisting of the land and project costs incurred through the closing date.
Leasing activity remains very competitive primarily because there has been an increase in supply without a corresponding increase in demand.
Conversely, we continue to see strong tenant demand in our Reston, Virginia portfolio. In Reston, we continued developmentnew phase of Reston Gateway, our mixed-useTown Center in Reston, Virginia. With this lease, the Reston Next development project, which will consistis 85% pre-leased, as of an aggregateFebruary 22, 2021, and we expect to place this property in-service in 2022.
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Table of approximately 4.5 million net rentable square feet. The initial phase is approximately 1.1 million net rentable square feet of which approximately 80% is pre-leased to Fannie Mae. Our Reston, Virginia in-service portfolio was 94% leased at December 31, 2018 and continues to be the strongest submarket in the region.Contents
Leasing Statistics
The table below details the leasing activity, including 100% of the unconsolidated joint ventures, that commenced during the year ended December 31, 2020:
Year ended December 31, 2020
Total Square Feet
Vacant space available at the beginning of the period3,135,170 
Property dispositions/properties taken out of service (1)(150,193)
Properties placed (and partially placed) in-service (2)824,665 
Leases expiring or terminated during the period5,446,846 
Total space available for lease9,256,488 
1st generation leases
342,007 
2nd generation leases with new tenants
2,034,259 
2nd generation lease renewals
2,362,837 
Total space leased (3)4,739,103 
Vacant space available for lease at the end of the period4,517,385 
Leases executed during the period, in square feet (4)3,727,571 
Second generation leasing information: (5)
Leases commencing during the period, in square feet4,397,096 
Weighted Average Lease Term102 Months
Weighted Average Free Rent Period151 Days
Total Transaction Costs Per Square Foot (6)$78.68 
Increase in Gross Rents (7)15.22 %
Increase in Net Rents (8)23.34 %
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(1)Total square feet of property dispositions/properties taken out of service during the year ended December 31, 2020 consists of 24,508 square feet due to the sale of a portion of Capital Gallery and 125,685 square feet due to the sale of Annapolis Junction Building Eight.
(2)Total square feet of properties placed (and partially placed) in-service during the year ended December 31, 2020 consists of 12,825 square feet at The Skylyne, 79,527 square feet at 20 CityPoint, 4,330 square feet at 685 Gateway, 5,156 square feet at 145 Broadway, 275,809 square feet at 17Fifty Presidents Street and 447,018 square feet at Dock 72.
(3)Represents leases for which lease revenue recognition has commenced in accordance with GAAP during the year ended December 31, 2020.
(4)Represents leases executed during the year ended December 31, 2020 for which we either (1) commenced lease revenue recognition in such period or (2) will commence lease revenue recognition in subsequent periods, in accordance with GAAP, and includes leases at properties currently under development. The total square feet of leases executed and recognized in the year ended December 31, 2020 is 758,340. Amounts for the year ended December 31, 2020 exclude lease modifications related to COVID-19 covering an aggregate of 4,687,343 square feet that were executed in the year ended December 31, 2020, to provide cash rent deferrals and/or abatements. Of these lease modifications, the lease terms associated with 637,713 square feet were extended for a period of 12 or more months during the year ended December 31, 2020.
(5)Second generation leases are defined as leases for space that had previously been leased by us. Of the 4,397,096 square feet of second generation leases that commenced during the three and twelve monthsyear ended December 31, 2018:2020, leases for 3,643,912 square feet were signed in prior periods.
(6)Total transaction costs include tenant improvements and leasing commissions but exclude free rent concessions and other inducements in accordance with GAAP.
(7)Represents the increase in gross rent (base rent plus expense reimbursements) on the new versus expired leases on the 3,670,156 square feet of second generation leases that had been occupied within the prior 12 months for the year ended December 31, 2020; excludes leases that management considers temporary because the tenant is not expected to occupy the space on a long-term basis.
(8)Represents the increase in net rent (gross rent less operating expenses) on the new versus expired leases on the 3,670,156 square feet of second generation leases that had been occupied within the prior 12 months for
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  Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2018
  Total Square Feet
Vacant space available at the beginning of the period 3,884,161
 4,039,528
Property dispositions/properties taken out of service (114,243) (223,520)
Vacant space in properties acquired —
 56,554
Properties placed (and partially placed) in-service 845,684
 1,473,779
Leases expiring or terminated during the period 1,000,448
 3,922,994
Total space available for lease 5,616,050
 9,269,335
1st generation leases
 432,125
 1,103,039
2nd generation leases with new tenants
 784,255
 2,409,250
2nd generation lease renewals
 539,773
 1,897,149
Total space leased (1) 1,756,153
 5,409,438
Vacant space available for lease at the end of the period 3,859,897
 3,859,897
   
  
Leases executed during the period, in square feet (2) 1,818,368
 7,191,362
     
Second generation leasing information: (3)
    
Leases commencing during the period, in square feet 1,324,028
 4,306,399
Weighted Average Lease Term 101 Months
 97 Months
Weighted Average Free Rent Period 95 Days
 97 Days
Total Transaction Costs Per Square Foot (4) 
$58.14
 
$67.49
Increase in Gross Rents (5) 7.10% 6.31%
Increase in Net Rents (6) 11.27% 9.47%
the year ended December 31, 2020; excludes leases that management considers temporary because the tenant is not expected to occupy the space on a long-term basis.
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(1)Represents leases for which rental revenue recognition has commenced in accordance to GAAP during the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2018.

(2)Represents leases executed during the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2018 for which we either (a) commenced rental revenue recognition in such period or (b) will commence rental revenue recognition in subsequent periods, in accordance with GAAP, and includes leases at properties currently under development. The total square feet of leases executed and recognized in the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2018 is 159,600 and 1,093,842, respectively.
(3)Second generation leases are defined as leases for space that had previously been under lease by us. Of the 1,324,028 and 4,306,399 square feet of second generation leases that commenced during the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2018, respectively, 1,164,428 and 3,287,255 square feet were signed in prior periods for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2018, respectively.
(4)Total transaction costs include tenant improvements and leasing commissions, but exclude free rent concessions and other inducements in accordance with GAAP.
(5)Represents the increase in gross rent (base rent plus expense reimbursements) on the new versus expired leases on the 879,438 and 2,990,009 square feet of second generation leases that had been occupied within the prior 12 months for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2018, respectively; excludes leases that management considers temporary because the tenant is not expected to occupy the space on a long-term basis.
(6)Represents the increase in net rent (gross rent less operating expenses) on the new versus expired leases on the 879,438 and 2,990,009 square feet of second generation leases that had been occupied within the prior 12 months for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2018, respectively; excludes leases that management considers temporary because the tenant is not expected to occupy the space on a long-term basis.
For descriptions of significant transactions that we completed during 2018,2020, see “Item 1. Business—Transactions During 2018.2020.”
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, requires management to use judgment in the application of accounting policies, including making estimates and assumptions. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. These judgments affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. If our judgment or interpretation of the facts and circumstances relating to various transactions had been different, it is possible that different accounting policies would have been applied resulting in a different presentation of our financial statements. From time to time, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. In the event estimates or assumptions prove to be different from actual results, adjustments are made in subsequent periods to reflect more current information. Below is a discussion of accounting policies that we consider critical in that they may require complex judgment in their application or require estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain.
Real Estate
Upon acquisitions of real estate, which includeswe assess whether the consolidationtransaction should be accounted for as an asset acquisition or as a business combination by applying a screen to determine whether the integrated set of previously unconsolidated joint ventures, weassets and activities acquired meets the definition of a business. Acquisitions of integrated sets of assets and activities that do not meet the definition of a business are accounted for as asset acquisitions. Our acquisitions of real estate or in-substance real estate generally will not meet the definition of a business because substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets (i.e. land, buildings, and related intangible assets) or because the acquisition does not include a substantive process in the form of an acquired workforce or an acquired contract that cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort or delay.
We assess the fair value of acquired tangible and intangible assets (including land, buildings, tenant improvements, “above-” and “below-market” leases, leasing and assumed financing origination costs, acquired in-place leases, other identified intangible assets and assumed liabilities) and allocate the purchase price to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, including land and buildings as if vacant. We assess and consider fair value based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize discount and/or capitalization rates that we deem appropriate, as well as available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including the historical operating results, known and anticipated trends, and market and economic conditions.
The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property considers the value of the property as if it were vacant. We also consider an allocation of purchase price of other acquired intangibles, including acquired in-place leases that may have a customer relationship intangible value, including (but not limited to) the nature and extent of the existing relationship with the tenants, the tenants’ credit quality and expectations of lease renewals. Based on our acquisitions to date, our allocation to customer relationship intangible assets has been immaterial.
We record acquired “above-” and “below-market” leases at their fair values (using a discount rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) equal to the difference between (1) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to each in-place lease and (2) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for each corresponding in-place lease, measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease for above-market leases and the initial term plus the term of any below-market fixed rate renewal options for below-market leases.

Acquired “above-” and “below-market” lease values have been reflected within Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets and Other Liabilities, respectively, in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Other intangible assets acquired include amounts for in-place lease values that are based on our evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease. Factors to be considered include estimates of carrying costs during hypothetical expected lease-up periods considering current market conditions, and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, we include real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods, depending on local market conditions. In estimating costs to execute similar leases, we consider leasing commissions, legal and other related expenses.
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Management reviews its long-lived assets for indicators of impairment following the end of each quarter and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. This evaluation of long-lived assets is dependent on a number of factors, including when there is an event or adverse change in circumstancesthe operating performance of the long-lived asset or a current expectation that, indicates an impairment in value.more likely than not, a long-lived asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life or hold period. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The evaluation of anticipated cash flows is highly subjective and is based in part on assumptions regarding anticipated hold periods, future occupancy, future rental rates, andfuture capital requirements, discount rates and capitalization rates that could differ materially from actual results in future periods. Because cash flows on properties considered to be “long-lived assets to be held and used” are considered on an undiscounted basis to determine whether an asset has beenmay be impaired, our established strategy of holding properties over the long term directly decreases the likelihood of recording an impairment loss. If our hold strategy changes or market conditions otherwise dictate an earlier sale date, an impairment loss may be recognized and such loss could be material. If we determine that an impairment has occurred, the affected assets must be reduced to their fair value.
Guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360 “Property Plant and Equipment” (“ASC 360”) requires that qualifying assets and liabilities and the results of operations that have been sold, or otherwise qualify as “held for sale,” be presented as discontinued operations in all periods presented if the property operations are expected to be eliminated and we will not have significant continuing involvement following the sale. Discontinued operations presentation applies only to disposals representing a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results (e.g., a disposal of a major geographical area, a major line of business, a major equity method investment or other major parts of an entity). The components of the property’s net income that are reflected as discontinued operations include the net gain (or loss) upon the disposition of the property held for sale, operating results, depreciation and interest expense (if the property is subject to a secured loan). We generally consider assets to be “held for sale” when the transaction has been approved by BXP’s Board of Directors, or a committee thereof, and there are no known significant contingencies relating to the sale, such that a sale of the property within one year is considered probable. Following the classification of a property as “held for sale,” no further depreciation is recorded on the assets, and the asset is written down to the lower of carrying value or fair market value, less cost to sell.
Real estate is stated at depreciated cost. A variety of costs are incurred in the acquisition, development and leasing of properties. The cost of buildings and improvements includes the purchase price of property, legal fees and other acquisition costs. We capitalize acquisition costs that we incur to effect an asset acquisition and expense acquisition costs that we incur to effect a business combination, including legal, due diligence and other closing related costs. Costs directly related to the development of properties are capitalized. Capitalized development costs include interest, internal wages, property taxes, insurance, and other project costs incurred during the period of development. After the determination is made to capitalize a cost, it is allocated to the specific component of the project that benefited from the investment. Determination of when a development project commences and capitalization begins, and when a development project is substantially complete and held available for occupancy and capitalization must cease, involves a degree of judgment. Our capitalization policy on development properties follows the guidance in ASC 835-20 “Capitalization of Interest” and ASC 970 “Real Estate-General.” The costs of land and buildings under development include specifically identifiable costs.
Capitalized costs include pre-construction costs necessary to the development of the property, development costs, construction costs, interest costs, real estate taxes, salaries and related costs and other costs incurred during the period of development. We begin the capitalization of costs during the pre-construction period, which we define as activities that are necessary for the development of the property. We consider a construction project as substantially complete and held available for occupancy upon the completion of tenant improvements, but no later than one year from cessation of major construction activity. We cease capitalization on the portion (1) substantially completed, (2) occupied or held available for occupancy, and capitalize only those costs associated with the portion under construction or (3) if activities necessary for the development of the property have been suspended.

Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
We consolidate variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which we are considered to be the primary beneficiary. VIEs are entities in which the equity investors do not have sufficient equity at risk to finance their endeavors without additional financial support or that the holders of the equity investment at risk do not have substantive participating rights. The primary beneficiary is defined by the entity having both of the following characteristics: (1) the power to direct the activities that, when taken together, most significantly impact the variable interest entity’s performance, and (2) the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive the returns from the variable interest entity that could
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potentially be significant to the VIE. For ventures that are not VIEs, we consolidate entities for which we have significant decision making control over the ventures’ operations. Our judgment with respect to our level of influence or control of an entity involves the consideration of various factors including the form of our ownership interest, our representation in the entity’s governance, the size of our investment (including loans), estimates of future cash flows, our ability to participate in policy making decisions and the rights of the other investors to participate in the decision making process and to replace us as manager and/or liquidate the venture, if applicable. Our assessment of our influence or control over an entity affects the presentation of these investments in our consolidated financial statements. In addition to evaluating control rights, we consolidate entities in which the outside partner has no substantive kick-out rights to remove us as the managing member.
Accounts of the consolidated entity are included in our accounts and the noncontrolling interest is reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as a component of equity or in temporary equity between liabilities and equity. Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures are recorded initially at cost, and subsequently adjusted for equity in earnings and cash contributions and distributions. Any difference between the carrying amount of these investments on the balance sheet and the underlying equity in net assets is amortized as an adjustment to equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures over the life of the related asset. Under the equity method of accounting, our net equity investment is reflected within the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and our share of net income or loss from the joint ventures is included within the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The joint venture agreements may designate different percentage allocations among investors for profits and losses; however, our recognition of joint venture income or loss generally follows the joint venture’s distribution priorities, which may change upon the achievement of certain investment return thresholds. We may account for cash distributions in excess of our investment in an unconsolidated joint venture as income when we are not the general partner in a limited partnership and when we have neither the requirement nor the intent to provide financial support to the joint venture. We classify distributions received from equity method investees within our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows using the nature of the distribution approach, which classifies the distributions received on the basis of the nature of the activity or activities of the investee that generated the distribution as either a return on investment (classified as cash inflows from operating activities) or a return of investment (classified as cash inflows from investing activities). Our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures are reviewed for indicators of impairment periodicallyon a quarterly basis and we record impairment charges when events or circumstances change indicating that a decline in the fair values below the carrying valuesamounts has occurred and such decline is other-than-temporary. The ultimate realizationThis evaluation of the investmentinvestments in unconsolidated joint ventures is dependent on a number of factors, including the performance of each investment and market conditions. We will record an impairment charge if we determine that a decline in the fair value below the carrying valueamount of an investment in an unconsolidated joint venture is other-than-temporary. The fair value is calculated using discounted cash flows which is subjective and considers assumptions regarding future occupancy, future rental rates, future capital requirements, discount rates and capitalization rates that could differ materially from actual results in future periods.
To the extent that we contribute assets to a joint venture, our investment in the joint venture is recorded at our cost basis in the assets that were contributed to the joint venture. To the extent that our cost basis is different than the basis reflected at the joint venture level, the basis difference is amortized over the life of the related asset and included in our share of equity in net income of the joint venture. In accordance with the provisions of ASC 610-20 “Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets” (“ASC 610-20”), we will recognize a full gain on both the retained and sold portions of real estate contributed or sold to a joint venture by recognizing our new equity method investment interest at fair value.
The combined summarized financial information of the unconsolidated joint ventures is disclosed in Note 56 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Revenue Recognition
In general, we commence lease/rental revenue recognition when the tenant takes possession of the leased space and the leased space is substantially ready for its intended use. Contractual lease/rental revenue is reported on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases. We recognize acquired in-place “above-” and “below-market” leases at their fair values as lease/rental revenue over the original term of the respective leases. Accrued rental income as reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets represents cumulative lease/rental income earned in excess of rent payments received pursuant to the terms of the individual lease agreements.
For the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, the impact of the net adjustments of rents from “above-” and “below-market” leases increased rentallease revenue by approximately $23.8$6.5 million. For the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, the impact of the straight-line rent adjustment increased rentallease revenue by approximately $51.9$104.9 million. Those

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amounts exclude the adjustment of rents from “above-” and “below-market” leases and straight-line income from unconsolidated joint ventures, which are disclosed in Note 56 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Our leasing strategy is generally to secure creditworthy tenants that meet our underwriting guidelines. Furthermore, following the initiation of a lease, we continue to actively monitor the tenant’s creditworthiness to ensure that all tenant related assets are recorded at their realizable value. When assessing tenant credit quality, we:
•review relevant financial information, including:
•financial ratios;
•net worth;
•revenue;
•cash flows;
•leverage; and
•liquidity;
•evaluate the depth and experience of the tenant’s management team; and
•assess the strength/growth of the tenant’s industry.
As a result of the underwriting process, tenants are then categorized into one of three categories:
(1)acceptable-risk tenants;
(2)the tenant’s credit is such that we may require collateral, in which case we:
(1)acceptable-risk tenants;
(2)the tenant’s credit is such that we may require collateral, in which case we:
•may require a security deposit; and/or
•may reduce upfront tenant improvement investments; or
(3)the tenant’s credit is below our acceptable parameters.
(3)the tenant’s credit is below our acceptable parameters.
We consistently monitormust make estimates as to the credit qualitycollectability of our accrued rent and accounts receivable related to lease revenue. Management analyzes accrued rent and accounts receivable by considering tenant base. We provide an allowance for doubtful accounts arising from estimated losses that could result fromcreditworthiness, current economic trends, including the impact of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic on tenants’ businesses, and changes in tenants’ payment patterns when evaluating the collectability of the tenant’s inabilityreceivable balance, including the accrued rent receivable, on a lease-by-lease basis. We write-off the tenant’s receivable balance, including the accrued rent receivable, if we consider the balances no longer probable of collection. In addition, tenants in bankruptcy are analyzed and considerations are made in connection with the expected recovery of pre-petition and post-petition claims If the balances are considered no longer probable of collection and therefore written off, we will cease to make required currentrecognize lease income, including straight-line rent, payments and an allowance against accrued rental income for future potential lossesunless cash is received. If we subsequently determine that we deemare probable we will collect substantially all the remaining lessee’s lease payments under the lease term, we will then reinstate the straight-line balance, adjusting for the amount related to be unrecoverable over the term ofperiod when the lease.
Tenants are assigned a credit rating of 1 through 4. A rating of 1 represents the highest possible rating and no allowance is recorded. A rating of 4 represents the lowest credit rating, in which case we record a full reserve against the receivable and accrued rent balances. Among the factorslease payments were considered in determining the credit rating include:
payment history;
credit status and change in status (credit ratings for public companies are used as a primary metric);
change in tenant space needs (i.e., expansion/downsize);
tenant financial performance;
economic conditions in a specific geographic region; and
industry specific credit considerations.
not probable. If our estimatesestimate of collectability differ from the cash received, then the timing and amount of our reported revenue could be impacted. The average remaining term of our in-place tenant leases, including unconsolidated joint ventures, was approximately 7.5 years as of December 31, 2018. The credit risk is mitigated by the high quality of our existing tenant base, reviews of prospective tenants’ risk profiles prior to lease execution and consistent monitoring of our portfolio to identify potential problem tenants.
The weighted-average term of our in-place leases, excluding residential units, was approximately 7.4 years, as of December 31, 2020, including leases signed by our unconsolidated joint ventures. The credit risk is mitigated by the high quality of our existing tenant base, reviews of prospective tenants’ risk profiles prior to lease execution and consistent monitoring of our portfolio to identify potential problem tenants.
Recoveries from tenants, consisting of amounts due from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate taxes and other recoverable costs, are recognized as revenue in the period during which the expenses are incurred.incurred (See “Leases” ). We recognize these reimbursements on a gross basis, as we obtain control of the goods and services before they are transferred to the tenant. We also receive reimbursements of payroll and payroll related costs from unconsolidated joint venture entities and third parties thatparty property owners in connection with management services contracts which we reflect on a gross basis.basis instead of on a net basis as we have determined that we are the principal and not the agent under these arrangements in accordance with the guidance in ASC 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”).
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Our parking revenue is derived primarily from monthly and transient daily parking. In addition, we have certain lease arrangements for parking accounted for under the guidance in ASC 840842 “Leases” (“ASC 840”842”). The monthly and transient daily parking revenue falls within the scope of ASC 606 “Revenue from Contracts with

Customers” (“ASC 606”) and is accounted for at the point in time when control of the goods or services transfers to the customer and our performance obligation is satisfied (see New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”within Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).satisfied.
Our hotel revenue is derived from room rentals and other sources such as charges to guests for telephone service, movie and vending commissions, meeting and banquet room revenue and laundry services. Hotel revenue is recognized as the hotel rooms are occupied and the services are rendered to the hotel customers (see New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”within Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).customers.
We earn management and development fees. Development and management services revenue is earned from unconsolidated joint venture entities and third-party property owners. We determined that the performance obligations associated with our development services contracts are satisfied over time and that we would recognize our development services revenue under the output method evenly over time from the development commencement date through the substantial completion date of the development management services project due to the stand-ready nature of the contracts. Significant judgments impacting the amount and timing of revenue recognized from our development services contracts include estimates of total development project costs from which the fees are typically derived and estimates of the period of time until substantial completion of the development project, the period of time over which the development services are required to be performed. We recognize development fees earned from unconsolidated joint venture projects equal to its cost plus profit to the extent of the third party partners’ ownership interest. Property management fees are recorded and earned based on a percentage of collected rents at the properties under management, and not on a straight-line basis, because such fees are contingent upon the collection of rents (see New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”within Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).rents.
Gains on sales of real estate are recognized pursuant to the provisions included in ASC 610-20. Under ASC 610-20, we must first determine whether the transaction is a sale to a customer or non-customer. We typically sell real estate on a selective basis and not within the ordinary course of our business and therefore expects that our sale transactions will not be contracts with customers. We next determine whether we have a controlling financial interest in the property after the sale, consistent with the consolidation model in ASC 810 "Consolidation" ("“Consolidation” (“ASC 810"810”). If we determine that we do not have a controlling financial interest in the real estate, we evaluate whether a contract exists under ASC 606 and whether the buyer has obtained control of the asset that was sold. We recognize a full gain on sale of real estate when the derecognition criteria under ASC 610-20 have been met (see New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted “Salesmet.
Leases
Lessee
For leases in which we are the lessee (generally ground leases), in accordance with ASC 842 we recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. We made the policy election to not apply the revenue recognition requirements of Real Estate”within Note 2ASC 842 to short-term leases. This policy election is made by class of underlying assets and as described below, we consider real estate to be a class of underlying assets, and will not be further delineating it into specific uses of the real estate asset as the risk profiles are similar in nature. We will recognize the lease payments in net income on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The lease liability is equal to the present value of the minimum lease payments in accordance with ASC 842. We will use our incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) to determine the net present value of the minimum lease payments. In order to determine the IBR, we utilized a market-based approach to estimate the incremental borrowing rate for each individual lease. The approach required significant judgment. Therefore, we utilized different data sets to estimate base IBRs via an analysis of the following weighted-components:
•the interpolated rates from yields on outstanding U.S. Treasury issuances for up to 30 years and for years 31 and beyond, longer-term publicly traded educational institution debt issued by high credit quality educational institutions with maturity dates exceeding 31 years,
•observable mortgage rates spread over U.S. Treasury issuances, and
•unlevered property yields and discount rates.

We then applied adjustments to account for considerations related to term and interpolated the IBR.
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Lessor
We lease primarily Class A office, life sciences, retail and residential space to tenants. These leases may contain extension and termination options that are predominately at the sole discretion of the tenant, provided certain conditions are satisfied. In a few instances, the leases also contain purchase options, which would be exercisable at fair market value. Also, certain of our leases include rental payments that are based on a percentage of the tenant sales in excess of contractual amounts.
Per ASC 842, lessors do not need to separate nonlease components from the associated lease component if certain criteria stated above are met for each class of underlying assets. The guidance in ASC 842 defines “underlying asset” as “an asset that is the subject of a lease for which a right to use that asset has been conveyed to a lessee. The underlying asset could be a physically distinct portion of a single asset.” Based on the above guidance, we consider real estate assets as a class of underlying assets and will not be further delineating it into specific uses of the real estate asset as the risk profiles are similar in nature.
Lease components are elements of an arrangement that provide the customer with the right to use an identified asset. Nonlease components are distinct elements of a contract that are not related to securing the use of the leased asset and revenue is recognized in accordance with ASC 606. We consider common area maintenance (CAM) and service income associated with tenant work orders to be nonlease components because they represent delivery of a separate service but are not considered a cost of securing the identified asset. In the case of our business, the identified asset would be the leased real estate (office, life sciences, retail or residential).
We assessed and concluded that the timing and pattern of transfer for nonlease components and the associated lease component are the same. We determined that the predominant component was the lease component and as such our leases will continue to qualify as operating leases and we have made a policy election to account for and present the lease component and the nonlease component as a single component in the revenue section of the Consolidated Financial Statements) of Operations labeled Lease. Prior to the January 1, 2019 adoption of ASC 842, nonlease components had been included within Recoveries from Tenants Revenue, Parking and Other Revenue and Development and Management Services Revenue on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Recoveries from tenants, consisting of amounts due from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate taxes and other recoverable costs, are recognized as revenue in the period during which the expenses are incurred.
In addition, in accordance with ASC 842, lessors will only capitalize incremental direct leasing costs. As a result, upon adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2019, we no longer capitalizes non-incremental legal costs and internal leasing wages. These costs are expensed as incurred. The expensing of these items is included within General and Administrative Expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Depreciation and Amortization
We compute depreciation and amortization on our properties using the straight-line method based on estimated useful asset lives. In accordance with ASC 805 “Business Combinations,” weWe allocate the acquisition cost of real estate to its components and depreciate or amortize these assets (or liabilities) over their useful lives. The amortization of acquired “above-” and “below-market” leases and acquired in-place leases is recorded as an adjustment to revenue and depreciation and amortization, respectively, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, escrows, receivables, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other assets and liabilities are reasonable estimates of their fair values because of the short maturities of these instruments.
We follow the authoritative guidance for fair value measurements when valuing our financial instruments for disclosure purposes. BPLP determinespurposes The table below presents the fair value of its unsecured senior notes using market prices. The inputs used in determiningfinancial instruments that are being valued for disclosure purposes as well as the fair value of BPLP’s unsecured senior notesLevel at which they are categorized at a Level 1 basis (asas defined in ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”)) due to.
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Financial InstrumentLevel
Unsecured senior notes (1)Level 1
Related party note receivableLevel 3
Notes receivableLevel 3
Mortgage notes payableLevel 3
Unsecured term loan / line of creditLevel 3
_______________
(1) If trading volume for the fact that it uses quoted market rates to value these instruments. However,period is low, the inputs used in determining the fair valuevaluation could be categorized at aas Level 2 basis (as defined in ASC 820) if trading volumes are low. We determine the fair value2.
Because our valuations of our related party note receivable, note receivable and mortgage notes payable using discounted cash flow analysis by discounting the spread between the future contractual interest payments and hypothetical future interest payments on note receivables / mortgage debtfinancial instruments are based on current market rates for similar securities. In determining the current market

rates, we add ourabove Levels and involve the use of estimates, of market spreads to the quoted yields on federal government treasury securities with similar maturity dates to our debt. The inputs used in determining theactual fair valuevalues of our related party note receivable, note receivable, and mortgage notes payable are categorized at a Level 3 basis (as defined in ASC 820) due to the fact that we consider the rates used in the valuation techniques to be unobservable inputs. To the extent that there are outstanding borrowings under the unsecured line of credit or unsecured term loan, we utilize a discounted cash flow methodology in order to estimate the fair value. To the extent that credit spreads have changed since the origination, the net present value of the difference between future contractual interest payments and future interest payments based on our estimate of a current market rate would represent the difference between the book value and the fair value. Our estimate of a current market rate is based upon the rate, considering current market conditions and BPLP's specific credit profile, at which we estimate we could obtain similar borrowings. To the extent there are outstanding borrowings, this current market rate is estimated and therefore would be primarily based upon a Level 3 input.financial instruments may differ materially from those estimates.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Derivative instruments and hedging activities require management to make judgments on the nature of its derivatives and their effectiveness as hedges. These judgments determine if the changes in fair value of the derivative instruments are reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as a component of net income or as a component of comprehensive income and as a component of equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. While management believes its judgments are reasonable, a change in a derivative’s effectiveness as a hedge could materially affect expenses, net income and equity. We account for both the effective and ineffective portions of changes in the fair value of a derivative in other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassify the fair value of the derivative to earnings over the term that the hedged transaction affects earnings and in the same line item as the hedged transaction within the statements of operations (see New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted “Derivatives and Hedging”within Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Income Taxes 
Boston Properties Inc.
BXP has elected to be treated as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 1997. As a result, it generally will not be subject to federal corporate income tax on its taxable income that is distributed to its stockholders. A REIT is subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that it currently distribute at least 90% of its annual taxable income (with certain adjustments). BXP’s policy is to distribute at least 100% of its taxable income. Accordingly, the only provision for federal income taxes in the accompanying consolidated financial statements relates to BXP’s consolidated taxable REIT subsidiaries. BXP’s taxable REIT subsidiaries did not have significant tax provisions or deferred income tax items. BXP hashad no uncertain tax positions recognized as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017.2019. At December 31, 2020, BXP’s tax returns for the years 2017 forward remain subject to examination by the major tax jurisdictions under the statute of limitations.
We own a hotel property that we lease to one of our taxable REIT subsidiarysubsidiaries and that is managed by Marriott International, Inc. The hotel taxable REIT subsidiary, a wholly owned subsidiary of BPLP, is the lessee pursuant to the lease for the hotel property. As lessor, BPLP is entitled to a percentage of gross receipts from the hotel property. Marriott International, Inc. continues to manage the hotel property under the Marriott name and under terms of the existinga management agreement. The hotel taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to tax at the federal and state level and, accordingly, BXP has recorded a tax provision in its Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016.2018.
The net difference between the tax basis and the reported amounts of BXP’s assets and liabilities iswas approximately $1.9$2.0 billion and $1.8$1.7 billion as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively, which iswas primarily related to the difference in basis of contributed property and accrued rental income.
Certain entities included in BXP’s Consolidated Financial Statements are subject to certain state and local taxes. These taxes are recorded as operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

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The following table reconciles GAAP net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. to taxable income (unaudited): 
 For the year ended December 31, For the year ended December 31,
 2018 2017 2016 202020192018
 (in thousands) (in thousands)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. $582,847
 $462,439
 $512,785
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc.$872,727 $521,534 $582,847 
Straight-line rent and net “above-” and “below-market” rent adjustments (53,080) (77,801) (65,861)Straight-line rent and net “above-” and “below-market” rent adjustments(90,144)(65,111)(53,080)
Book/Tax differences from depreciation and amortization 109,756
 142,234
 235,819
Book/Tax differences from depreciation and amortization106,203 125,281 109,756 
Book/Tax differences from interest expense (18,190) (18,136) (36,223)Book/Tax differences from interest expense— — (18,190)
Book/Tax differences on gains/(losses) from capital transactions (26,428) 1,123
 (70,880)Book/Tax differences on gains/(losses) from capital transactions(345,854)51,555 (26,428)
Book/Tax differences from stock-based compensation 48,817
 37,990
 33,463
Book/Tax differences from stock-based compensation42,576 49,123 48,817 
Tangible Property Regulations (128,639) (116,265) (104,783)Tangible Property Regulations(144,981)(148,157)(128,639)
Other book/tax differences, net 56,870
 33,411
 (6,121)Other book/tax differences, net117,166 (15,221)56,870 
Taxable income $571,953
 $464,995
 $498,199
Taxable income$557,693 $519,004 $571,953 
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
The partners are required to report their respective share of BPLP’s taxable income or loss on their respective tax returns and are liable for any related taxes thereon. Accordingly, the only provision for federal income taxes in the accompanying consolidated financial statements relates to BPLP’s consolidated taxable REIT subsidiaries. BPLP’s taxable REIT subsidiaries did not have significant tax provisions or deferred income tax items. BPLP hashad no uncertain tax positions recognized as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017.2019.
We own a hotel property that we lease to one of ourwhich is managed through a taxable REIT subsidiaries and that is managed by Marriott International, Inc.subsidiary. The hotel taxable REIT subsidiary, a wholly owned subsidiary BPLP, is the lessee pursuant to the lease for the hotel property. As lessor, BPLP is entitled to a percentage of gross receipts from the hotel property. Marriott International, Inc. continues to manage the hotel property under the Marriott name and under terms of the existinga management agreement. The hotel taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to tax at the federal and state level and, accordingly, BPLP hashad recorded a tax provision in its Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016.2018.
The net difference between the tax basis and the reported amounts of BPLP’s assets and liabilities iswas approximately $2.8$2.9 billion and $2.9$2.7 billion as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively, which iswas primarily related to the difference in basis of contributed property and accrued rental income.
Certain entities included in BPLP’s consolidated financial statements are subject to certain state and local taxes. These taxes are recorded as operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
The following table reconciles GAAP net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership to taxable income (unaudited):
 For the year ended December 31,
 202020192018
 (in thousands)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership$990,479 $590,602 $667,403 
Straight-line rent and net “above-” and “below-market” rent adjustments(100,375)(72,687)(59,199)
Book/Tax differences from depreciation and amortization101,470 124,108 109,673 
Book/Tax differences from interest expense— — (20,287)
Book/Tax differences on gains/(losses) from capital transactions(359,497)56,955 5,762 
Book/Tax differences from stock-based compensation47,408 54,838 54,445 
Tangible Property Regulations(161,435)(165,395)(143,468)
Other book/tax differences, net121,397 (20,177)70,003 
Taxable income$639,447 $568,244 $684,332 
72
  For the year ended December 31,
  2018 2017 2016
  (in thousands)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership $667,403
 $523,366
 $585,841
Straight-line rent and net “above-” and “below-market” rent adjustments (59,199) (86,773) (73,604)
Book/Tax differences from depreciation and amortization 109,673
 144,436
 245,239
Book/Tax differences from interest expense (20,287) (20,227) (40,481)
Book/Tax differences on gains/(losses) from capital transactions 5,762
 784
 (69,683)
Book/Tax differences from stock-based compensation 54,445
 42,371
 37,397
Tangible Property Regulations (143,468) (129,673) (117,102)
Other book/tax differences, net 70,003
 37,607
 (3,387)
Taxable income $684,332
 $511,891
 $564,220
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For a discussion concerning new accounting pronouncements that may have an effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements,(See see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).Statements.
Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019
This section of this Form 10-K generally discusses 2020 and 2019 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2020 and 2019. Discussions of 2018 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2019 and 2018 that are not included in this Form 10-K can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, which was filed with the SEC on March 2, 2020.
The impact that COVID-19 has had on our business, financial position and results of operations during the year ended December 31, 2020 is discussed throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The full extent of the impact of COVID-19 on our business, operations and financial results will depend on numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict. In addition, we cannot predict the impact that COVID-19 will have on our tenants, employees, contractors, lenders, suppliers, vendors and joint venture partners and any material adverse effect on these parties could also have a material adverse effect on us. The situation surrounding COVID-19 remains fluid, and we are actively managing our response in collaboration with tenants, government officials and joint venture partners and assessing potential impacts to our financial position and operating results, as well as potential adverse developments in our business. See Item 1A: “Risk Factors” for additional details.
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholdersshareholders and net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders increased approximately $120.4$351.2 million and $144.0$399.9 million for the year ended December 31, 20182020 compared to 2017,2019, respectively, as detailedset forth in the following tables and for the reasons discussed below under the heading “Comparison of the year ended December 31, 20182020 to the year ended December 31, 2017”2019” within “Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
Thefollowing are reconciliations of Net Income Attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. Common Shareholders to Net Operating Income and Net Income Attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership Common Unitholders to Net Operating Income for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 (in thousands):



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Boston Properties, Inc.
Year ended December 31,
20202019Increase/
(Decrease)		%
Change
Net Income Attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. Common Shareholders$862,227 $511,034 $351,193 68.72 %
Preferred dividends10,500 10,500 — — %
Net Income Attributable to Boston Properties, Inc.872,727 521,534 351,193 67.34 %
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests:
Noncontrolling interest—common units of the Operating Partnership97,704 59,345 38,359 64.64 %
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships48,260 71,120 (22,860)(32.14)%
Net Income1,018,691 651,999 366,692 56.24 %
Other Expenses:
Add:
Interest expense431,717 412,717 19,000 4.60 %
Loss from early extinguishment of debt— 29,540 (29,540)(100.00)%
Impairment loss— 24,038 (24,038)(100.00)%
Other Income:
Less:
Gains from investments in securities5,261 6,417 (1,156)(18.01)%
Interest and other income (loss)5,953 18,939 (12,986)(68.57)%
Gains on sales of real estate618,982 709 618,273 87,203.53 %
Income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures(85,110)46,592 (131,702)(282.67)%
Other Expenses:
Add:
Depreciation and amortization expense683,751 677,764 5,987 0.88 %
Transaction costs1,531 1,984 (453)(22.83)%
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts11,626 10,386 1,240 11.94 %
General and administrative expense133,112 140,777 (7,665)(5.44)%
Other Revenue:
Less:
Direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts11,626 10,386 1,240 11.94 %
Development and management services revenue29,641 40,039 (10,398)(25.97)%
Net Operating Income$1,694,075 $1,826,123 $(132,048)(7.23)%
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  Total Property Portfolio
  2018 2017 Increase/
(Decrease)		 %
Change
Net Income Attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. Common Shareholders $572,347
 $451,939
 $120,408
 26.64 %
Preferred dividends 10,500
 10,500
 —
 — %
Net Income Attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. 582,847
 462,439
 120,408
 26.04 %
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests:        
Noncontrolling interest—common units of the Operating Partnership 66,807
 52,210
 14,597
 27.96 %
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships 62,909
 47,832
 15,077
 31.52 %
Net Income 712,563
 562,481
 150,082
 26.68 %
Other Expenses:        
Add:        
Interest expense 378,168
 374,481
 3,687
 0.98 %
Impairment losses 11,812
 —
 11,812
 100.00 %
Other Income:        
Less:        
Gains (losses) from early extinguishments of debt (16,490) 496
 (16,986) (3,424.60)%
Gains (losses) from investments in securities (1,865) 3,678
 (5,543) (150.71)%
Interest and other income 10,823
 5,783
 5,040
 87.15 %
Gains on sales of real estate 182,356
 7,663
 174,693
 2,279.69 %
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures 2,222
 11,232
 (9,010) (80.22)%
Other Expenses:        
Add:        
Depreciation and amortization expense 645,649
 617,547
 28,102
 4.55 %
Transaction costs 1,604
 668
 936
 140.12 %
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts 9,590
 —
 9,590
 100.00 %
General and administrative expense 121,722
 113,715
 8,007
 7.04 %
Other Revenue:        
Less:        
Direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts 9,590
 —
 9,590
 100.00 %
Development and management services revenue 45,158
 34,605
 10,553
 30.50 %
Net Operating Income $1,649,314
 $1,605,435
 $43,879
 2.73 %
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Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Year ended December 31,
20202019Increase/
(Decrease)		%
Change
Net Income Attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership Common Unitholders$979,979 $580,102 $399,877 68.93 %
Preferred distributions10,500 10,500 — — %
Net Income Attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership990,479 590,602 399,877 67.71 %
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests:
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships48,260 71,120 (22,860)(32.14)%
Net Income1,038,739 661,722 377,017 56.98 %
Other Expenses:
Add:
Interest expense431,717 412,717 19,000 4.60 %
Loss from early extinguishment of debt— 29,540 (29,540)(100.00)%
Impairment loss— 22,272 (22,272)(100.00)%
Other Income:
Less:
Gains from investments in securities5,261 6,417 (1,156)(18.01)%
Interest and other income (loss)5,953 18,939 (12,986)(68.57)%
Gains on sales of real estate631,945 858 631,087 73,553.26 %
Income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures(85,110)46,592 (131,702)(282.67)%
Other Expenses:
Add:
Depreciation and amortization expense676,666 669,956 6,710 1.00 %
Transaction costs1,531 1,984 (453)(22.83)%
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts11,626 10,386 1,240 11.94 %
General and administrative expense133,112 140,777 (7,665)(5.44)%
Other Revenue:
Less:
Direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts11,626 10,386 1,240 11.94 %
Development and management services revenue29,641 40,039 (10,398)(25.97)%
Net Operating Income$1,694,075 $1,826,123 $(132,048)(7.23)%
  Total Property Portfolio
  2018 2017 Increase/
(Decrease)		 %
Change
Net Income Attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership Common Unitholders $656,903
 $512,866
 $144,037
 28.08 %
Preferred distributions 10,500
 10,500
 —
 — %
Net Income Attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership 667,403
 523,366
 144,037
 27.52 %
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests:        
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships 62,909
 47,832
 15,077
 31.52 %
Net Income 730,312
 571,198
 159,114
 27.86 %
Other Expenses:        
Add:        
Interest expense 378,168
 374,481
 3,687
 0.98 %
Impairment losses 10,181
 —
 10,181
 100.00 %
Other Income:        
Less:        
Gains (losses) from early extinguishments of debt (16,490) 496
 (16,986) (3,424.60)%
Gains (losses) from investments in securities (1,865) 3,678
 (5,543) (150.71)%
Interest and other income 10,823
 5,783
 5,040
 87.15 %
Gains on sales of real estate 190,716
 8,240
 182,476
 2,214.51 %
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures 2,222
 11,232
 (9,010) (80.22)%
Other Expenses:        
Add:        
Depreciation and amortization expense 637,891
 609,407
 28,484
 4.67 %
Transaction costs 1,604
 668
 936
 140.12 %
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts 9,590
 —
 9,590
 100.00 %
General and administrative expense 121,722
 113,715
 8,007
 7.04 %
Other Revenue:        
Less:        
Direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts 9,590
 —
 9,590
 100.00 %
Development and management services revenue 45,158
 34,605
 10,553
 30.50 %
Net Operating Income $1,649,314
 $1,605,435
 $43,879
 2.73 %


At each of December 31, 2018, 20172020 and 2016,2019, we owned or had joint venture interests in a portfolio of 197, 179 and 174196 commercial real estate properties respectively (in each case, the “Total Property Portfolio”). As a result of changes within our Total Property Portfolio, the financial data presented below shows significant changes in revenue and expenses from period-to-period. Accordingly, we do not believe that our period-to-period financial data with respect to the Total Property Portfolio are necessarilyis meaningful. Therefore, the comparison of operating results for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020 and 20162019 show separately the changes attributable to the properties that were owned by us and in-service throughout each period compared (the “Same Property Portfolio”) and the changes attributable to the properties included in the Acquired, Placed In-Service, Acquired, Development or Redevelopment or Sold Portfolios.
In our analysis of operating results, particularly to make comparisons of net operating income between periods meaningful, it is important to provide information for properties that were in-service and owned by us throughout each period presented. We refer to properties acquired or placed in-service prior to the beginning of the earliest period presented and owned by us and in-service through the end of the latest period presented as our Same Property Portfolio. The Same Property Portfolio therefore excludes properties acquired, placed in-service acquired or in development or redevelopment after the beginning of the earliest period presented or disposed of prior to the end of the latest period presented.

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Net operating income (“NOI”) is a non-GAAP financial measure equal to net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders and net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders, as applicable, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, plus (1) preferred dividends/distributions, net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, interest expense, loss from early extinguishment of debt, impairment losses,loss, depreciation and amortization expense, transaction costs, payroll and related costs from management services contracts and corporate general and administrative expense less (2) gains (losses) from early extinguishments of debt, gains (losses) from investments in securities, interest and other income (loss), gains on sales of real estate, income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures, direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts and development and management services revenue. We use NOI internally as a performance measure and believe it provides useful information to investors regarding our results of operations and financial condition because, when compared across periods, it reflects the impact on operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs and acquisition and development activity on an unleveraged basis, providing perspective not immediately apparent from net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders and net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders. For example, interest expense is not necessarily linked to the operating performance of a real estate asset and is often incurred at the corporate level as opposed to the property level. Similarly, interest expense may be incurred at the property level even though the financing proceeds may be used at the corporate level (e.g., used for other investment activity). In addition, depreciation and amortization expense, because of historical cost accounting and useful life estimates, may distort operating performance measures at the property level. NOI presented by us may not be comparable to NOI reported by other REITs or real estate companies that define NOI differently.
We believe that, in order to facilitate a clear understanding of our operating results, NOI should be examined in conjunction with net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders and net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders as presented in our Consolidated Financial Statements. NOI should not be considered as a substitute for net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders or net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders (determined in accordance with GAAP) or any other GAAP financial measures and should only be considered together with and as a supplement to our financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.
The gains on sales of real estate, depreciation expense and impairment losses may differ between BXP and BPLP as a result of previously applied acquisition accounting by BXP for the issuance of common stock in connection with non-sponsor OP Unit redemptions by BPLP. This accounting resulted in a step-up of the real estate assets at BXP that was allocated to certain properties. The difference between the real estate assets of BXP as compared to BPLP for certain properties having an allocation of the real estate step-up will result in a corresponding difference in the gains on sales of real estate, and depreciation expense and impairment losses, when those properties are sold. For additional information see the Explanatory Note that follows the cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Comparison of the year ended December 31, 20182020 to the year ended December 31, 20172019
The table below shows selected operating information for the Same Property Portfolio and the Total Property Portfolio. The Same Property Portfolio consists of 143139 properties totaling approximately 38.538.6 million net rentable square feet, of space, excluding unconsolidated joint ventures. The Same Property Portfolio includes properties acquired or placed in-service on or prior to January 1, 20172019 and owned and in service through December 31, 2018.2020. The Total Property Portfolio includes the effects of the other properties either acquired, placed in-service, acquired or in development or redevelopment after January 1, 20172019 or disposed of on or prior to December 31, 2018.2020. This table includes a reconciliation from the Same Property Portfolio to the Total Property Portfolio by also providing information for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 with respect to the properties that were acquired, placed in-service, acquired, in development or redevelopment or sold.



76
 Same Property Portfolio Properties
Acquired Portfolio		 Properties
Placed In-Service
Portfolio		 
Properties in
Development or
Redevelopment
Portfolio
 Properties Sold Portfolio Total Property Portfolio
(dollars in thousands)2018 2017 
Increase/
(Decrease)
 
%
Change
 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 Increase/
(Decrease)		 %
Change
Rental Revenue:                               
Rental Revenue$2,479,396
 $2,423,282
 $56,114
 2.32 % $2,720
 $1,733
 $79,319
 $18,186
 $3,467
 $4,375
 $17,552
 $34,638
 $2,582,454
 $2,482,214
 $100,240
 4.04 %
Termination Income6,246
 22,474
 (16,228) (72.21)% 2
 6
 —
 —
 5
 (1,415) 1,952
 1,993
 8,205
 23,058
 (14,853) (64.42)%
Total Rental Revenue2,485,642
 2,445,756
 39,886
 1.63 % 2,722
 1,739
 79,319
 18,186
 3,472
 2,960
 19,504
 36,631
 2,590,659
 2,505,272
 85,387
 3.41 %
Real Estate Operating Expenses923,643
 888,901
 34,742
 3.91 % 1,299
 838
 31,912
 7,289
 1,705
 11,387
 7,988
 15,260
 966,547
 923,675
 42,872
 4.64 %
Net Operating Income (Loss), Excluding Residential and Hotel1,561,999
 1,556,855
 5,144
 0.33 % 1,423
 901
 47,407
 10,897
 1,767
 (8,427) 11,516
 21,371
 1,624,112
 1,581,597
 42,515
 2.69 %
Residential Net Operating Income (Loss) (1)10,121
 10,287
 (166) (1.61)% —
 —
 (174) 7
 —
 —
 —
 —
 9,947
 10,294
 (347) (3.37)%
Hotel Net Operating Income (1)15,255
 13,544
 1,711
 12.63 % —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 15,255
 13,544
 1,711
 12.63 %
Consolidated Net Operating Income (Loss) (1)$1,587,375
 $1,580,686
 $6,689
 0.42 % $1,423
 $901
 $47,233
 $10,904
 $1,767
 $(8,427) $11,516
 $21,371
 $1,649,314
 $1,605,435
 $43,879
 2.73 %
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 Same Property PortfolioProperties Acquired PortfolioProperties
Placed In-Service
Portfolio		Properties in Development or Redevelopment PortfolioProperties Sold PortfolioTotal Property Portfolio
20202019Increase/
(Decrease)		%
Change		2020201920202019202020192020201920202019Increase/
(Decrease)		%
Change
(dollars in thousands)
Rental Revenue: (1)
Lease Revenue (Excluding Termination Income)$2,492,058 $2,593,591 $(101,533)(3.91)%$13,911 $4,920 $63,397 $10,987 $4,024 $10,368 $26,386 $86,608 $2,599,776 $2,706,474 $(106,698)(3.94)%
Termination Income8,914 14,623 (5,709)(39.04)%— — — — — — 59 580 8,973 15,203 (6,230)(40.98)%
Lease Revenue2,500,972 2,608,214 (107,242)(4.11)%13,911 4,920 63,397 10,987 4,024 10,368 26,445 87,188 2,608,749 2,721,677 (112,928)(4.15)%
Parking and Other66,521 99,625 (33,104)(33.23)%15 — 2,086 — 20 127 1,404 3,205 70,046 102,957 (32,911)(31.97)%
Total Rental Revenue (1)2,567,493 2,707,839 (140,346)(5.18)%13,926 4,920 65,483 10,987 4,044 10,495 27,849 90,393 2,678,795 2,824,634 (145,839)(5.16)%
Real Estate Operating Expenses964,228 988,400 (24,172)(2.45)%6,445 1,989 12,307 1,795 5,167 8,820 10,322 33,021 998,469 1,034,025 (35,556)(3.44)%
Net Operating Income (Loss), Excluding Residential and Hotel1,603,265 1,719,439 (116,174)(6.76)%7,481 2,931 53,176 9,192 (1,123)1,675 17,527 57,372 1,680,326 1,790,609 (110,283)(6.16)%
Residential Net Operating Income (Loss) (2)21,513 20,929 584 2.79 %— — (2,106)— — — — — 19,407 20,929 (1,522)(7.27)%
Hotel Net Operating Income (Loss) (2)(5,658)14,585 (20,243)(138.79)%— — — — — — — — (5,658)14,585 (20,243)(138.79)%
Net Operating Income (Loss)$1,619,120 $1,754,953 $(135,833)(7.74)%$7,481 $2,931 $51,070 $9,192 $(1,123)$1,675 $17,527 $57,372 $1,694,075 $1,826,123 $(132,048)(7.23)%
_______________
(1)For a detailed discussion of NOI, including the reasons management believes NOI is useful to investors, see page 64. Residential Net Operating Income for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are comprised of Residential Revenue of $22,551 and $16,596 less Residential Expenses of $12,604 and $6,302, respectively. Hotel Net Operating Income for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are comprised of Hotel Revenue of $49,118 and $45,603 less Hotel Expenses of $33,863 and $32,059, respectively, per the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

(1)Rental Revenue is equal to Revenue less Development and Management Services Revenue and Direct Reimbursements of Payroll and Related Costs from Management Services Revenue per the Consolidated Statements of Operations, excluding the residential and hotel revenue that is noted below. We use Rental Revenue internally as a performance measure and in calculating other non-GAAP financial measures (e.g., NOI), which provides investors with information regarding our performance that is not immediately apparent from the comparable non-GAAP measures and allows investors to compare operating performance between periods.
(2)For a detailed discussion of NOI, including the reasons management believes NOI is useful to investors, see page 76. Residential Net Operating Income for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 is comprised of Residential Revenue of $38,146 and $36,914 less Residential Expenses of $18,739 and $15,985, respectively. Hotel Net Operating Income for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 is comprised of Hotel Revenue of $7,478 and $48,589 less Hotel Expenses of $13,136 and $34,004, respectively, per the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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Same Property Portfolio
RentalLease Revenue (Excluding Termination Income)
RentalLease revenue from the Same Property Portfolio increaseddecreased by approximately $56.1$101.5 million for the year ended December 31, 20182020 compared to 2017. The increase2019. Approximately $87.3 million of the decrease was primarilyrelated to write-offs, which are discussed below. In addition to the resultimpact of the write-offs, we experienced an increase in revenue from our leases, parking and other income and other recoveries of approximately $54.2$14.2 million $1.8 million and $0.1 million, respectively. Rental revenue from our leases increased by approximately $54.2 million as a result of our average revenue per square foot increasing by approximately $1.42, contributing approximately $45.0 million, and an approximately $9.2 million increasedecrease due to our average occupancy increasingdecreasing from 91.55%93.9% to 91.93%93.2%. Average revenue per square foot was approximately the same for both years.
Under ASC 842, the write-off for bad debt, including accrued rent, is recorded as a reduction to lease revenue. As a result, during the year ended December 31, 2020, for our Same Property Portfolio, we wrote off approximately $65.4 million and $21.9 million of accrued rent and accounts receivable balances, respectively. These write-offs related to tenants, primarily in the retail, entertainment and co-working sectors, that either terminated their leases or for which we determined that substantially all of their amount owed, related to accrued rent and/or accounts receivable balances, were no longer probable of collection.
In addition, as a result of COVID-19, for the Same Property Portfolio, during 2020, we executed lease modification agreements for approximately 3.5 million square feet and granted approximately $63.9 million of cash rent abatements and deferrals, of which approximately $50.0 million related to rental charges for 2020. Although some of the lease modifications were deferrals under which we expect the tenant will pay us in full primarily in 2021, the majority of the lease modifications involved extending the lease term (in some cases for a year or more) or providing for a period of time where the tenant will only pay percentage rent. As a result of the lease modification agreements that extended the lease term, we expect to see an increase in the cash rent we will receive in the future.
In April 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) staff issued a question and answer document (“Lease Modification Q & A”) related to the application of lease accounting guidance for lease concessions, in accordance with ASC 842, as a result of COVID-19. We did not utilize the guidance provided in the Lease Modification Q & A and instead elected to continue to account for the COVID-19 lease concessions on a lease-by-lease basis in accordance with the existing lease modification accounting framework (See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). As such, our accrued rent balances, which are a component of lease revenue, include the accounting impact (adjusted for write-offs) from the rent abatements, deferrals and extensions that were executed during 2020.
We expect the volume of lease modifications as a result of COVID-19 to decrease as vaccines are rolled out and the pandemic subsides. However, the degree to which our tenants’ businesses are negatively impacted by COVID-19 may leave some tenants still unable to meet their rental payment obligations and result in a reduction in our cash flows. We may write off additional accrued rent or accounts receivable balances and this could have a material adverse effect on lease revenue. See Item 1A: “Risk Factors” for additional details.
Termination Income
Termination income decreased by approximately $16.2$5.7 million for the year ended December 31, 20182020 compared to 2017.2019.
Termination income for the year ended December 31, 2018 resulted from the termination of 302020 related to 38 tenants across the Same Property Portfolio whichand totaled approximately $6.2$8.9 million, of which approximately $4.8 million was attributableprimarily related to tenants that terminated leases early in the New York Region. In addition, we received the sixth interim distribution from our unsecured creditor's claim against Lehman Brothers, Inc. of approximately $0.3 million (See Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).region.
Termination income for the year ended December 31, 2017 resulted from the termination of 302019 related to 39 tenants across the Same Property Portfolio whichand totaled approximately $22.5$14.6 million, of which approximately $21.7$8.2 million was attributable to theis from two tenants that terminated leases early at 399 Park Avenue in New York Region.City.
Parking and Other Revenue
Parking and other revenue decreased by approximately $33.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 2019. Parking revenue decreased by approximately $34.7 million while other revenue increased by approximately $1.6 million. The remaining approximately $0.8 million of termination incomedecrease in parking revenue was primarily relateddue to a decrease in transient and monthly parking.
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During the Washington, DC region. In addition,majority of 2020, with stay-at-home orders in effect, business closures and people working remotely in a majority of regions in which our properties are located, we receivedgenerated minimal hourly/daily parking revenue. As a result, for the fifth interim distribution fromyear ended December 31, 2020, transient and monthly parking decreased by approximately $24.1 million and $8.0 million, respectively, compared to 2019. However, as these conditions shifted, and stay-at-home orders were partially or fully lifted, businesses began to open, people began to return to working in an office setting, and, as we expected, we have begun to see, an increase in parking revenue. Some of our unsecured creditor's claim against Lehman Brothers, Inc. of approximately $0.4 million (See Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).monthly parking revenues are contractual agreements embedded in our leases, and some are at will individual agreements.
Real Estate Operating Expenses
Real estate operating expenses from the Same Property Portfolio increaseddecreased by approximately $34.7$24.2 million, or 3.9%2.4%, for the year ended December 31, 20182020 compared to 2017,2019, due primarily to increasesdecreases in real estate taxesutility and cleaning expense of approximately $11.9 million, or 13.7%, and $20.8 million, or 19.1%, respectively, partially offset by an increase in other real estate operating expenses of approximately $21.8$8.5 million, or 5.0%,1.1%. The decreases in utility and $12.9 million, or 2.8%, respectively. The increasecleaning expense were experienced across the portfolio and were primarily driven by a decrease in real estate taxes was primarily experienced in the New York CBD properties.physical tenant occupancy, which led to lower demand for electricity, HVAC, and cleaning.
Properties Acquired Portfolio
The table below lists the properties acquired between January 1, 20172019 and December 31, 2018.2020. Rental revenue and real estate operating expenses increased by approximately $1.0$9.0 million and $0.5$4.5 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 20182020 compared to 2017,2019, as detailed below.
   Rental Revenue Real Estate Operating ExpensesSquare FeetRental RevenueReal Estate Operating Expenses
Name Date acquired Square Feet 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 ChangeNameDate acquired20202019Change20202019Change
   (dollars in thousands)(dollars in thousands)
103 Carnegie Center (1) May 15, 2017 96,332
 $2,722
 $1,739
 $983
 $1,299
 $838
 $461
880 and 890 Winter Street880 and 890 Winter StreetAugust 27, 2019392,576 $13,527 $4,920 $8,607 $5,575 $1,989 $3,586 
777 Harrison Street (1)777 Harrison Street (1)June 26, 2020N/A399 — 399 870 — 870 
 96,332
 $2,722
 $1,739
 $983
 $1,299
 $838
 $461
392,576 $13,926 $4,920 $9,006 $6,445 $1,989 $4,456 
_______________
(1)Rental revenue includes termination income of approximately $2,000 and $6,000 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

(1)Formerly known as Fourth + Harrison and 425 Fourth Street.
Properties Placed In-Service Portfolio
The table below lists the properties that were placed in-service or partially placed in-service between January 1, 20172019 and December 31, 2018.2020. Rental revenue and real estate operating expenses from our Properties Placed In-Service Portfolio increased by approximately $67.0$54.7 million and $30.6$12.8 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 20182020 compared to 2017,2019, as detailed below.
Quarter Initially Placed In-ServiceQuarter Fully Placed In-ServiceRental RevenueReal Estate Operating Expenses
NameSquare Feet20202019Change20202019Change
(dollars in thousands)
Office
20 CityPointSecond Quarter, 2019Second Quarter, 2020211,476 $7,246 $3,320 $3,926 $2,782 $1,048 $1,734 
145 BroadwayFourth Quarter, 2019Fourth Quarter, 2019488,862 44,898 7,667 37,231 5,631 747 4,884 
17Fifty Presidents StreetFirst Quarter, 2020First Quarter, 2020275,809 13,339 — 13,339 3,894 — 3,894 
Total Office976,147 65,483 10,987 54,496 12,307 1,795 10,512 
Residential
The SkylyneThird Quarter, 2020Third Quarter, 2020330,996 155 — 155 2,261 — 2,261 
Total Residential330,996 155 — 155 2,261 — 2,261 
1,307,143 $65,638 $10,987 $54,651 $14,568 $1,795 $12,773 
79
  Quarter Initially Placed In-Service Quarter Fully Placed In-Service   Rental Revenue Real Estate Operating Expenses
Name   Square Feet 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
        (dollars in thousands)
Office                  
Reservoir Place North Second Quarter, 2016 Second Quarter, 2017 73,258
 $3
 $—
 $3
 $516
 $346
 $170
888 Boylston Street Third Quarter, 2016 Third Quarter, 2017 417,320
 32,129
 17,486
 14,643
 9,507
 6,597
 2,910
191 Spring Street Fourth Quarter, 2017 Fourth Quarter 2018 170,997
 4,917
 29
 4,888
 1,723
 55
 1,668
Salesforce Tower Fourth Quarter, 2017 Fourth Quarter 2018 1,420,682
 42,270
 671
 41,599
 20,166
 291
 19,875
Total Office     2,082,257

79,319

18,186

61,133

31,912

7,289

24,623
                   
Residential                  
Signature at Reston First Quarter, 2018 Second Quarter, 2018 517,783
 3,879
 —
 3,879
 4,510
 —
 4,510
Proto Kendall Square Second Quarter, 2018 Third Quarter, 2018 166,717
 1,944
 —
 1,944
 1,487
 —
 1,487
Total Residential     684,500

5,823

—

5,823

5,997

—

5,997
      2,766,757
 $85,142
 $18,186
 $66,956
 $37,909
 $7,289
 $30,620
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Properties in Development or Redevelopment Portfolio
The table below lists the properties that were in development or redevelopment between January 1, 20172019 and December 31, 2018.2020. Rental revenue and real estate operating expenses from our Properties in Development or Redevelopment Portfolio increaseddecreased by approximately $0.5$6.5 million and real estate operating expenses decreased approximately $9.7$3.7 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 20182020 compared to 2017.2019.
   Rental Revenue Real Estate Operating ExpensesRental RevenueReal Estate Operating Expenses
Name Date Commenced Development / Redevelopment Square Feet 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 ChangeNameDate Commenced Development / RedevelopmentSquare Feet20202019Change20202019Change
   (dollars in thousands)(dollars in thousands)
One Five Nine East 53rd Street (1) August 19, 2016 220,000
 $3,472
 $2,218
 $1,254
 $1,702
 $7,368
 $(5,666)One Five Nine East 53rd Street (1)August 19, 2016220,000 $(1,041)$3,736 $(4,777)$1,504 $1,999 $(495)
191 Spring Street (2) December 29, 2016 160,000
 —
 —
 —
 —
 2,843
 (2,843)
145 Broadway (3) April 6, 2017 79,616
 —
 742
 (742) 3
 1,176
 (1,173)
325 Main Street (2)325 Main Street (2)May 9, 2019115,000 36 (704)740 276 2,128 (1,852)
200 West Street (3)200 West Street (3)September 30, 2019261,000 5,049 7,463 (2,414)3,387 4,693 (1,306)
 459,616
 $3,472
 $2,960
 $512
 $1,705
 $11,387
 $(9,682)596,000 $4,044 $10,495 $(6,451)$5,167 $8,820 $(3,653)
_______________
(1)
This is the low-rise portion of 601 Lexington Avenue in New York City. Rental revenue includes termination income of approximately $5,000 and $(1.4) million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. In addition, real estate operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 includes approximately $5.8 million of demolition costs.
(2)Real estate operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 includes approximately $2.8 million of demolition costs.
(3)On April 6, 2017, we commenced the development of 145 Broadway, a build-to-suit Class A office project with approximately 485,000 net rentable square feet located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Real estate operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 includes approximately $0.8 million of demolition costs.

(1)Rental revenue for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes an approximately $2.9 million write-off of accrued rent and accounts receivable balances for a terminated tenant.
(2)Rental revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019 includes the acceleration and write-off of accrued rent associated with the early termination of a lease at the property. Real estate operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 includes approximately $0.3 million and $1.5 million of demolition costs, respectively.
(3)Rental revenue and real estate operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2019 are related to the entire building. The redevelopment is a conversion of a 138,000 square foot portion of the property to life sciences space.
Properties Sold Portfolio
The table below lists the properties we sold between January 1, 20172019 and December 31, 2018.2020. Rental revenue and real estate operating expenses from our Properties Sold Portfolio decreased by approximately $17.1$62.5 million and $7.3$22.7 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 20182020 compared to 2017,2019, as detailed below.
        Rental Revenue Real Estate Operating Expenses
Name Date Sold Property Type Square Feet 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
        (dollars in thousands)
30 Shattuck Road April 19, 2017 Land N/A
 $—
 $—
 $—
 $—
 $14
 $(14)
40 Shattuck Road June 13, 2017 Office 122,000
 —
 846
 (846) —
 599
 (599)
Reston Eastgate August 30, 2017 Land N/A
 —
 —
 —
 —
 76
 (76)
500 E Street, S.W. January 9, 2018 Office 262,000
 270
 12,263
 (11,993) 129
 4,546
 (4,417)
91 Hartwell Avenue (1) May 24, 2018 Office 119,000
 1,224
 3,110
 (1,886) 654
 1,620
 (966)
Quorum Office Park September 27, 2018 Office 268,000
 3,348
 4,336
 (988) 1,818
 2,237
 (419)
1333 New Hampshire Avenue (2) November 30, 2018 Office 315,000
 14,407
 16,076
 (1,669) 5,180
 5,958
 (778)
Tower Oaks December 20, 2018 Land N/A
 255
 —
 255
 207
 210
 (3)
      1,086,000
 $19,504
 $36,631
 $(17,127) $7,988
 $15,260
 $(7,272)
Rental RevenueReal Estate Operating Expenses
NameDate SoldProperty TypeSquare Feet20202019Change20202019Change
(dollars in thousands)
2600 Tower Oaks BoulevardJanuary 24, 2019Office179,000 $— $159 $(159)$— $189 $(189)
One Tower CenterJune 3, 2019Office410,000 — 2,605 (2,605)— 2,078 (2,078)
164 Lexington RoadJune 28, 2019Office64,000 — — — — 82 (82)
Washingtonian NorthDecember 20, 2019LandN/A— 62 (62)— 157 (157)
601, 611 and 651 Gateway (1)January 28, 2020Office768,000 1,946 27,964 (26,018)881 10,272 (9,391)
New Dominion Technology ParkFebruary 20, 2020Office493,000 2,551 19,437 (16,886)772 6,005 (5,233)
Capital Gallery (2)June 25, 2020Office631,000 23,352 40,166 (16,814)8,669 14,238 (5,569)
2,545,000 $27,849 $90,393 $(62,544)$10,322 $33,021 $(22,699)
_______________
(1)Rental revenue includes termination income of approximately $5,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017.
(2)Rental revenue includes termination income of approximately $2.0 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

(1)Rental revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019 includes approximately $0.8 million of termination income (See Notes 3 and 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(2)We completed the sale of a portion of our Capital Gallery property located in Washington, DC. Capital Gallery is an approximately 631,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property. The portion sold was comprised of approximately 455,000 net rentable square feet of commercial office space. We continue to own the land, underground parking garage and remaining commercial office and retail space. The amounts shown represent the entire property and not just the portion sold (See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
For additional information on the salesales of the above properties and land parcelsparcel refer to “Results of Operations—Other Income and Expense Items - Items—Gains on Sales of Real Estate” within “Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
Other Operating Income and Expense Items
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Residential Net Operating Income
Net operating income for our residential same properties decreasedincreased by approximately $166,000$0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 20182020 compared to 2017.2019. Some of our residential properties include retail tenants and as a result, net operating income for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes approximately $0.7 million of termination income from a retail tenant.
The following reflects our occupancy and rate information for The Lofts at Atlantic Wharf, and The Avant at Reston Town Center, Signature at Reston and Proto Kendall Square for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017.2019.
 The Lofts at Atlantic Wharf The Avant at Reston Town CenterThe Lofts at Atlantic WharfThe Avant at Reston Town CenterSignature at RestonProto Kendall Square
 2018 2017 Percentage
Change		 2018 2017 Percentage
Change		20202019Change (%)20202019Change (%)20202019Change (%)20202019Change (%)
Average Monthly Rental Rate (1) $4,272
 $4,245
 0.6 % $2,411
 $2,391
 0.8 %Average Monthly Rental Rate (1)$4,269 $4,482 (4.8)%$2,336 $2,417 (3.4)%$2,329 $2,347 (0.8)%$2,810 $2,889 (2.7)%
Average Rental Rate Per Occupied Square Foot $4.74
 $4.70
 0.9 % $2.65
 $2.64
 0.4 %Average Rental Rate Per Occupied Square Foot$4.73 $4.95 (4.4)%$2.56 $2.64 (3.0)%$2.45 $2.54 (3.5)%$5.17 $5.36 (3.5)%
Average Physical Occupancy (2) 93.9% 94.3% (0.4)% 93.6% 93.8% (0.2)%Average Physical Occupancy (2)88.4 %95.1 %(7.0)%90.3 %92.0 %(1.8)%81.6 %67.4 %21.1 %90.9 %83.9 %8.3 %
Average Economic Occupancy (3) 93.5% 94.8% (1.4)% 92.9% 92.7% 0.2 %Average Economic Occupancy (3)87.9 %95.2 %(7.7)%89.1 %91.6 %(2.7)%77.2 %61.4 %25.7 %89.4 %81.9 %9.2 %
_______________  
(1)Average Monthly Rental Rate is calculated as the average of the quotients obtained by dividing (A) rental revenue as determined in accordance with GAAP, by (B) the number of occupied units for each month within the applicable fiscal period.
(2)Average Physical Occupancy is defined as (1) the average number of occupied units divided by (2) the total number of units, expressed as a percentage.
(3)Average Economic Occupancy is defined as (1) total possible revenue less vacancy loss divided by (2) total possible revenue, expressed as a percentage. Total possible revenue is determined by valuing average occupied units at contract rates and average vacant units at Market Rents. Vacancy loss is determined by valuing vacant units at current Market Rents. By measuring vacant units at their Market Rents, Average Economic Occupancy takes into account the fact that units of different sizes and locations within a residential property have different economic impacts on a residential property’s total possible gross revenue. Market Rents used by us in calculating Economic Occupancy are

(1)Average Monthly Rental Rate is calculated as the average of the quotients obtained by dividing (A) rental revenue as determined in accordance with GAAP, by (B) the number of occupied units for each month within the applicable fiscal period.
(2)Average Physical Occupancy is defined as (1) the average number of occupied units divided by (2) the total number of units, expressed as a percentage.
(3)Average Economic Occupancy is defined as (1) total possible revenue less vacancy loss divided by (2) total possible revenue, expressed as a percentage. Total possible revenue is determined by valuing average occupied units at contract rates and average vacant units at Market Rents. Vacancy loss is determined by valuing vacant units at current Market Rents. By measuring vacant units at their Market Rents, Average Economic Occupancy takes into account the fact that units of different sizes and locations within a residential property have different economic impacts on a residential property’s total possible gross revenue. Market Rents used by us in calculating Economic Occupancy are based on the current market rates set by the managers of our residential properties based on their experience in renting their residential property’s units and publicly available market data. TrendsActual market rents and trends in marketsuch rents for a region as reported by others could vary.may vary materially from Market Rents used by us. Market Rents for a period are based on the average Market Rents during that period and do not reflect any impact for cash concessions.
Hotel Net Operating Income
Net operating income for the Boston Marriott Cambridge hotel property increaseddecreased by approximately $1.7$20.2 million for the year ended December 31, 20182020 compared to 2017.2019.
The Boston Marriott Cambridge closed in March 2020 due to COVID-19. The hotel re-opened on October 2, 2020 and has been operating at a diminished occupancy due to the continued impacts that COVID-19 has had on business and leisure travel. The closing of the hotel for more than two fiscal quarters, weak demand and low occupancy since its re-opening, have had, and are expected to continue to have, a material adverse effect on the hotel’s operations. We expect hotel occupancy to remain low until a sufficient number of people have been vaccinated and the demand for travel and leisure returns to historical levels. See Item 1A: “Risk Factors” for additional details.
The following reflects our occupancy and rate information for the Boston Marriott Cambridge hotel for the yearsyear ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017.2019.
20202019
Change (%)
Occupancy16.4 %83.8 %(80.4)%
Average daily rate$211.36 $281.15 (24.8)%
REVPAR$33.52 $235.64 (85.8)%

81
  2018 2017 
Percentage
Change
Occupancy 84.6% 79.9% 5.9%
Average daily rate $282.54
 $276.67
 2.1%
REVPAR $239.07
 $221.17
 8.1%
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Other Operating IncomeRevenue and Expense Items
Development and Management Services Revenue
Development and management services revenue increaseddecreased by approximately $10.6$10.4 million for the year ended December 31, 20182020 compared to 2017.2019. Development revenue and management services revenue increaseddecreased by approximately $3.2$10.0 million and $7.4$0.4 million, respectively. The increasedecrease in development services revenue iswas primarily related to a decrease of approximately $10.7 million in development fees from the completion of development projects in the Boston and Washington, DC regions and fees associated with tenant improvement projects earned in the Boston region, partially offset by an increase of approximately $0.7 million in fees associated with tenant improvement projects earned in our Boston region and at Salesforce Tower located in San Francisco, California. Management services revenue increased primarily due to leasing commissions and other management services revenue. The increase in leasing commissions was primarily derived from our Boston andthe Washington, DC unconsolidated joint ventures and a third-party managed buildingregion. The decrease in New York City. The increase in other management services revenue was primarily duerelated to property and asset management fees wea decrease in leasing commissions earned from our Santa Monica Business Parkunconsolidated joint ventures in the Boston region, partially offset by property management fees earned from third-party owned buildings in the Washington, DC region and our Gateway Commons unconsolidated joint venture, which we acquiredwas deconsolidated on July 19, 2018.January 28, 2020.
General and Administrative Expense
General and administrative expense increaseddecreased by approximately $8.0$7.7 million for the year ended December 31, 20182020 compared to 20172019 primarily due to a decrease in compensation expense of approximately $7.4 million and an approximately $0.3 million decrease in other general and administrative expenses increasing by approximately $5.8 million and $2.2 million, respectively.expenses. The increasedecrease in compensation expense was primarily related to (1) an approximately $2.5 million increase in the expense associated with MYLTIP Awards,capitalized wages, which includes the acceleration of amortization that occurred for employees that vested in these awards after satisfying agedecreases general and service requirements andadministrative expenses, (2) an increase in other compensation related expenses. These increases were partially offset by aapproximately $1.1 million decrease in the value of our deferred compensation plan.plan, (3) an approximately $0.6 million decrease in health care costs and (3) an approximately $3.2 million decrease in other compensation-related expenses. The increase in othercapitalized wages is shown as an decrease to general and administrative expenses was primarily related to taxes.expense as some of these costs were capitalized and included in real estate assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets (see below).
We expect our general and administrative expenses to be between $136 million and $140 million for fiscal year 2019. Approximately $10 million of the increase in our 2019 guidance is related to the adoption of ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842.)” Under ASU 2016-02, lessors will only capitalize incremental direct leasing costs. As a result, we will no longer be able to capitalize legal costs and internal leasing wages and instead will be required to expense these and other non-incremental costs as incurred (See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Currently wagesWages directly related to the development and leasing of rental properties are capitalized and included in real estate assets or deferred charges on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortized over the useful lives of the applicable asset or lease term. Capitalized wages for the yearsyear ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 were approximately $18.0$12.9 million and $18.6$10.4 million, respectively. These costs are not included in the general and administrative expenses discussed above.
Transaction Costs
Transaction costs increaseddecreased by approximately $0.9$0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 20182020 compared to 2017. This increase was2019 due primarily related to costs incurred in connection with the pursuit and formation of thenew joint ventures that we entered into for 3 Hudson Boulevard in New York City and Santa Monica Business Park in Santa Monica, California (See Note 5 to the

Consolidated Financial Statements), as well as costs related to the sale of 6595 Springfield Center Drive (TSA Headquarters) in Springfield, Virginia (See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements) and other potential asset sales.ventures. In general, transaction costs relating to the formation of new and pending joint ventures and the pursuit of other transactions are expensed as incurred.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation expense may differ between BXP and BPLP as a result of previously applied acquisition accounting by BXP for the issuance of common stock in connection with non-sponsor OP Unit redemptions by BPLP.  This accounting resulted in a step-up of the real estate assets at BXP that was allocated to certain properties.  The difference between the real estate assets of BXP as compared to BPLP for certain properties having an allocation of the real estate step-up will result in a corresponding difference in depreciation expense. For additional information see the Explanatory Note that follows the cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Boston Properties, Inc.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased by approximately $28.1$6.0 million for the year ended December 31, 20182020 compared to 2017,2019, as detailed below.
PortfolioDepreciation and Amortization for the year ended December 31,
20202019Change
(in thousands)
Same Property Portfolio$650,987 $643,655 $7,332 
Properties Acquired Portfolio9,285 3,449 5,836 
Properties Placed In-Service Portfolio17,664 2,561 15,103 
Properties in Development or Redevelopment Portfolio (1)1,819 12,381 (10,562)
Properties Sold Portfolio3,996 15,718 (11,722)
$683,751 $677,764 $5,987 
Portfolio Depreciation and Amortization for the year ended December 31,
2018 2017 Change
  (in thousands)
Same Property Portfolio $613,726
 $602,976
 $10,750
Properties Placed in-Service Portfolio 26,841
 4,171
 22,670
Properties Acquired Portfolio 1,433
 1,151
 282
Properties in Development or Redevelopment Portfolio 15
 3,026
 (3,011)
Properties Sold Portfolio 3,634
 6,223
 (2,589)
  $645,649
 $617,547
 $28,102
_______________  
(1)On May 9, 2019, we commenced development of 325 Main Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts. As a result, during the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded approximately $9.9 million of accelerated depreciation expense for the demolition of the building, of which approximately $0.4 million related to the step-up of real estate assets.
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Depreciation and amortization expense increased by approximately $28.5$6.7 million for the year ended December 31, 20182020 compared to 2017,2019, as detailed below.
PortfolioDepreciation and Amortization for the year ended December 31,
20202019Change
(in thousands)
Same Property Portfolio$643,902 $636,226 $7,676 
Properties Acquired Portfolio9,285 3,449 5,836 
Properties Placed In-Service Portfolio17,664 2,561 15,103 
Properties in Development or Redevelopment Portfolio (1)1,819 12,002 (10,183)
Properties Sold Portfolio3,996 15,718 (11,722)
$676,666 $669,956 $6,710 
Portfolio Depreciation and Amortization for the year ended December 31,
2018 2017 Change
  (in thousands)
Same Property Portfolio $605,968
 $594,836
 $11,132
Properties Placed in-Service Portfolio 26,841
 4,171
 22,670
Properties Acquired Portfolio 1,433
 1,151
 282
Properties in Development or Redevelopment Portfolio 15
 3,026
 (3,011)
Properties Sold Portfolio 3,634
 6,223
 (2,589)
  $637,891
 $609,407
 $28,484
_______________

(1)On May 9, 2019, we commenced development of 325 Main Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts. As a result, during the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded approximately $9.5 million of accelerated depreciation expense for the demolition of the building.
Direct Reimbursements of Payroll and Related Costs From Management Services Contracts and Payroll and Related Costs From Management Service Contracts
ASU 2016-08 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations” updated the principal versus agent considerations and as a result weWe have determined that amounts reimbursed for payroll and related costs received from third parties in connection with management services contracts should be reflected on a gross basis instead of on a net basis as we have determined that we are the principal under these arrangements (See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). It is anticipatedarrangements. We anticipate that these two financial statement line items will generally offset each other.

Other Income and Expense Items
Income (loss) from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
For the year ended December 31, 20182020 compared to 2017,2019, income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures decreased by approximately $9.0$131.7 million primarily due to, an approximately $21.3(1) a $60.5 million decrease innon-cash impairment charge at our Dock 72 joint venture during the year ended December 31, 2020, (2) a $47.5 million gain on sale of real estate from the sale of 540 Madison Avenue during the year ended December 31, 2019 and the resulting loss of income thereafter, (3) our share of the write-off of accrued rent and accounts receivable of approximately $16.2 million and $1.5 million, respectively for the year ended December 31, 2020, (4) an approximately $3.3 million net loss from our
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Gateway Commons joint venture, primarily due to depreciation and amortization expense and (5) the fully placing in-service of the Hub50House residential property, which is not expected to be stabilized until the first quarter of 2022, decreased our net income which primarily resulted from our 901 New York Avenue, Metropolitan Square and Santa Monica Business Park joint ventures, detailed below.by approximately $3.4 million. These decreases were partially offset by an approximately $12.3$5.8 million increase in our share of net income which primarily resulted from the gain on sale of real estate from the joint venture that ownssale of Annapolis Junction in Annapolis, Maryland.
DuringBuilding Eight and two undeveloped land parcels during the year ended December 31, 2018, our joint venture that owns Metropolitan Square in Washington, DC commenced2020.
Under ASC 842, the write-off for bad debt, including accrued rent, is recorded as a renovation project and recorded accelerated depreciation of approximately $22.4 million relatedreduction to the remaining book value of the assets to be replaced. We havelease revenue. As a 20% ownership interest in the Metropolitan Square joint venture. Therefore, this accelerated depreciation resulted in a decrease of approximately $4.5 million to our net income from the joint venture.
Our acquisition of a 55% ownership interest in Santa Monica Business Park in Santa Monica, California on July 19, 2018 resulted in an approximately $5.0 million decrease to our net income from the joint venture. The decrease was primarily related to interest expense and depreciation and amortization expense.
The decrease in net income from our joint venture that owns 901 New York Avenue was related to our allocation of income and distributions forresult, during the year ended December 31, 2017. Due2020, for our unconsolidated joint ventures, we wrote off our share of the accrued rent and accounts receivable balances of approximately $16.2 million and $1.5 million, respectively. These write-offs related to our economic ownership interesttenants that either terminated their leases or for which we determined that their accrued rent and/or accounts receivable balances were no longer probable of collection.
In addition, as a result of the achievement of specified investment return thresholds, as providedCOVID-19, for inproperties owned by our unconsolidated joint ventures, during 2020, the joint venture agreement,ventures executed lease modification agreements for approximately 1.1 million square feet. As a disproportionate distributionresult of these lease modification agreements, our share of the total cash rent abatements and deferrals granted was made byapproximately $9.5 million, of which approximately $7.5 million was related to rental charges for 2020. Although some of the joint venture to us.
On December 31, 2018,lease modifications were deferrals where we entered into a distribution agreement with our partner inexpect the tenant will pay the joint venture in full primarily in 2021, the majority of the lease modifications involved extending the lease term (in some cases for longer than a year). As a result of the lease modification agreements that extended the lease term, we expect to see an increase in the cash rent we will receive in the future.
In April 2020, the FASB staff issued the Lease Modification Q & A related to the application of lease accounting guidance for lease concessions, in accordance with ASC 842, as a result of COVID-19. We did not utilize the guidance provided in the Lease Modification Q & A and instead elected to continue to account for the COVID-19 lease concessions on a lease-by-lease basis in accordance with the existing lease modification accounting framework (See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). As such, the accrued rent balances, which weare a component of lease revenue, include the accounting impact (adjusted for write-offs) from the rent abatements, deferrals and extensions that were executed during 2020.
The joint ventures expect the volume of lease modifications as a result of COVID-19 to start to decrease. However, the degree to which tenants’ businesses are negatively impacted by COVID-19 could leave some tenants still unable to meet their rental payment obligations and result in a reduction in cash flows. Our unconsolidated joint ventures may write-off additional accrued rent or accounts receivable balances and this could have a 50% interest and that owns Annapolis Junction. Under the agreement, the joint venture distributed its Annapolis Junction Building One property to the partner and the partner assumed the mortgage indebtedness collateralized by the property. We recognized a gainmaterial adverse effect on sale of real estate totaling approximately $8.3 million, which is included within this financial statement line item.lease revenue. See Item 1A: “Risk Factors” for additional details.
Gains on Sales of Real Estate
The gainsGains on sales of real estate may differ between BXP and BPLP as a result of previously applied acquisition accounting by BXP for the issuance of common stock in connection with non-sponsor OP Unit redemptions by BPLP. This accounting resulted in a step-up of the real estate assets at BXP that was allocated to certain properties. The difference between the real estate assets of BXP as compared to BPLP for certain properties having an allocation of the real estate step-up will result in a corresponding difference in the gains on sales of real estate when those properties are sold. For additional information, see the Explanatory Note that follows the cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Boston Properties, Inc.
Gains on sales of real estate increased by approximately $174.7$618.3 million for the year ended December 31, 20182020 compared to 2017,2019, as detailed below.

NameDate SoldProperty TypeSquare FeetSale PriceNet Cash ProceedsGain (Loss) on Sale of Real Estate
(dollars in millions)
2020
601, 611 and 651 GatewayJanuary 28, 2020Office768,000 $350.0 $— $217.7 (1)
New Dominion Technology ParkFebruary 20, 2020Office493,000 256.0 254.0 192.3 
Capital GalleryJune 25, 2020Office455,000 253.7 246.6 203.5 (2)
Crane MeadowDecember 16, 2020LandN/A14.3 14.2 5.2 
$874.0 $514.8 $618.7 (3)
2019
2600 Tower Oaks BoulevardJanuary 24, 2019Office179,000 $22.7 $21.4 $(0.6)
One Tower CenterJune 3, 2019Office410,000 38.0 36.6 (0.8)
164 Lexington RoadJune 28, 2019Office64,000 4.0 3.8 2.5 
Washingtonian NorthDecember 20, 2019LandN/A7.8 7.3 (0.1)
$72.5 $69.1 $1.0 (4)
___________  
(1)On January 28, 2020, we entered into a joint venture with a third party to own, operate and develop properties at our Gateway Commons complex located in South San Francisco. We contributed our 601, 611 and 651 Gateway properties and development rights with an agreed upon value aggregating approximately $350.0 million for our 50% interest in the joint venture (See Notes 3 and 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(2)We completed the sale of a portion of our Capital Gallery property located in Washington, DC. Capital Gallery is an approximately 631,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property. The portion sold was comprised of approximately 455,000 net rentable square feet of commercial office space. We continue to own the land, underground parking garage and remaining commercial office and retail space (See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(3)Excludes approximately $0.2 million of gains on sales of real estate recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020 related to gain amounts from sales of real estate occurring in the prior year.
(4)Excludes approximately $0.3 million of losses on sales of real estate recognized during the year ended December 31, 2019 related to loss amounts from sales of real estate occurring in prior years.

Name Date Sold Property Type Square Feet Sale Price Net Cash Proceeds Gain on Sale of Real Estate 
        (dollars in millions) 
2018             
500 E Street, S.W. January 9, 2018 Office 262,000
 $118.6
 $116.1
 $96.4
 
91 Hartwell Avenue May 24, 2018 Office 119,000
 22.2
 21.7
 15.5
 
Quorum Office Park September 27, 2018 Office 268,000
 35.3
 34.3
 7.9
 
1333 New Hampshire Avenue November 30, 2018 Office 315,000
 142.0
 133.7
 44.4
 
Tower Oaks December 20, 2018 Land N/A
 46.0
 25.9
 15.7
 
      964,000
 $364.1
 $331.7
 $179.9
(1)
2017             
30 Shattuck Road April 19, 2017 Land N/A
 $5.0
 $5.0
 $3.7
 
40 Shattuck Road June 13, 2017 Office 122,000
 12.0
 11.9
 —
(2)
Reston Eastgate August 30, 2017 Land N/A
 14.0
 13.2
 2.8
 
      122,000
 $31.0
 $30.1
 $6.5
(3)
85
___________  
(1)Excludes approximately $2.6 million of gains on sales of real estate recognized during the year ended December 31, 2018 related to gain amounts from sales of real estate occurring in prior years.
(2)The gain on sale of real estate for this property was $28,000.
(3)Excludes approximately $1.1 million of gains on sale of real estate recognized during the year ended December 31, 2017 related to a previously deferred gain amount from sales of real estate occurring in prior years.
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Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Gains on sales of real estate increased by approximately $182.5$631.1 million for the year ended December 31, 20182020 compared to 2017,2019, as detailed below.
Name Date Sold Property Type Square Feet Sale Price Net Cash Proceeds Gain on Sale of Real Estate 
        (dollars in millions) 
2018             
500 E Street, S.W. January 9, 2018 Office 262,000
 $118.6
 $116.1
 $98.9
 
91 Hartwell Avenue May 24, 2018 Office 119,000
 22.2
 21.7
 15.9
 
Quorum Office Park September 27, 2018 Office 268,000
 35.3
 34.3
 9.2
 
1333 New Hampshire Avenue November 30, 2018 Office 315,000
 142.0
 133.7
 48.4
 
Tower Oaks December 20, 2018 Land N/A
 46.0
 25.9
 15.7
 
      964,000
 $364.1
 $331.7
 $188.1
(1)
2017             
30 Shattuck Road April 19, 2017 Land N/A
 $5.0
 $5.0
 $3.7
 
40 Shattuck Road June 13, 2017 Office 122,000
 12.0
 11.9
 0.6
 
Reston Eastgate August 30, 2017 Land N/A
 14.0
 13.2
 2.8
 
      122,000
 $31.0
 $30.1
 $7.1
(2)
NameDate SoldProperty TypeSquare FeetSale PriceNet Cash ProceedsGain (Loss) on Sale of Real Estate
(dollars in millions)
2020
601, 611 and 651 GatewayJanuary 28, 2020Office768,000 $350.0 $— $222.4 (1)
New Dominion Technology ParkFebruary 20, 2020Office493,000 256.0 254.0 197.1 
Capital GalleryJune 25, 2020Office455,000 253.7 246.6 207.0 (2)
Crane MeadowDecember 16, 2020LandN/A14.3 14.2 5.2 
$874.0 $514.8 $631.7 (3)
2019
2600 Tower Oaks BoulevardJanuary 24, 2019Office179,000 $22.7 $21.4 $(0.6)
One Tower CenterJune 3, 2019Office410,000 38.0 36.6 (0.8)
164 Lexington RoadJune 28, 2019Office64,000 4.0 3.8 2.6 
Washingtonian NorthDecember 20, 2019LandN/A7.8 7.3 (0.1)
$72.5 $69.1 $1.1 (4)
___________  
(1)Excludes approximately $2.6 million of gains on sales of real estate recognized during the year ended December 31, 2018 related to gain amounts from sales of real estate occurring in prior years.
(2)Excludes approximately $1.1 million of gains on sale of real estate recognized during the year ended December 31, 2017 related to a previously deferred gain amount from sales of real estate occurring in prior years.
(1)On January 28, 2020, we entered into a joint venture with a third party to own, operate and develop properties at our Gateway Commons complex located in South San Francisco. We contributed our 601, 611 and 651 Gateway properties and development rights with an agreed upon value aggregating approximately $350.0 million for our 50% interest in the joint venture (See Notes 3 and 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(2)We completed the sale of a portion of our Capital Gallery property located in Washington, DC. Capital Gallery is an approximately 631,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property. The portion sold was comprised of approximately 455,000 net rentable square feet of commercial office space. We continue to own the land, underground parking garage and remaining commercial office and retail space (See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(3)Excludes approximately $0.2 million of gains on sales of real estate recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020 related to gain amounts from sales of real estate occurring in the prior year.
(4)Excludes approximately $0.3 million of losses on sales of real estate recognized during the year ended December 31, 2019 related to loss amounts from sales of real estate occurring in prior years.
Interest and Other Income (Loss)
Interest and other income increased(loss) decreased by approximately $5.0$13.0 million for the year ended December 31, 20182020 compared to 20172019, due primarily to an increasea decrease of approximately $11.2 million in interest income which was primarily due to a decrease in interest rates.

On January 1, 2020, we adopted ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”) and, as a result, we were required to record an allowance for current expected credit losses related to our outstanding (1) related party note receivable, (2) notes receivable and (3) off-balance sheet credit exposures (See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). For the year ended December 31, 2020 the allowance for current expected credit losses was $1.8 million.
Gains (Losses) from Investments in Securities
Gains (losses) from investments in securities for the yearsyear ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 related to investments that we have made to reduce our market risk relating to a deferred compensation planplans that we maintain for BXP's officers.BXP’s officers and former non-employee directors. Under thisthe deferred compensation plan,plans, each officer or non-employee director who is eligible to participate is permitted to defer a portion of the officer’s current income or the non-employee director’s compensation on a pre-tax basis and receive a tax-deferred return on these deferrals based on the performance of specific investments selected by the officer.officer or non-employee director. In order to reduce our
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market risk relating to this plan,these plans, we typically acquire, in a separate account that is not restricted as to its use, similar or identical investments as those selected by each officer.officer or non-employee director. This enables us to generally match our liabilities to BXP’s officers of BXPor former non-employee directors under theour deferred compensation planplans with equivalent assets and thereby limit our market risk. The performance of these investments is recorded as gains from investments in securities. During the yearsyear ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, we recognized gains (losses) of approximately $(1.9)$5.3 million and $3.7$6.4 million, respectively, on these investments. By comparison, our general and administrative expense increased (decreased) by approximately $(1.9)$5.3 million and $3.7$6.4 million during the yearsyear ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively, as a result of increases (decrease) in our liability under our deferred compensation planplans that werewas associated with the performance of the specific investments selected by officers and former non-employee directors of BXP participating in the plan.
Gains (Losses) from Early Extinguishments of Debt
On December 13, 2018, BPLP completed the redemption of $700.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 5.875% senior notes due October 15, 2019. The redemption price was approximately $722.6 million. The redemption price included approximately $6.6 million of accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date. Excluding the accrued and unpaid interest, the redemption price was approximately 102.28% of the principal amount being redeemed. We recognized a loss from early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $16.5 million, which amount included the payment of the redemption premium totaling approximately $16.0 million.
On December 17, 2017, BPLP completed the redemption of $850 million in aggregate principal amount of its 3.700% senior notes due November 15, 2018. The redemption price was approximately $865.5 million, which included approximately $2.8 million of accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date. Excluding the accrued and unpaid interest, the redemption price was approximately 101.49% of the principal amount being redeemed. We recognized a loss from early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $13.9 million, which amount included the payment of the redemption premium totaling approximately $12.7 million.
On June 7, 2017, our consolidated entity in which we have a 60% ownership interest and that owns 767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building) located in New York City completed the refinancing of approximately $1.6 billion of indebtedness that had been secured by direct and indirect interests in 767 Fifth Avenue. The new mortgage financing has a principal amount of $2.3 billion, bears interest at a fixed interest rate of 3.43% per annum and matures on June 9, 2027. The loan requires monthly interest-only payments during the 10-year term of the loan, with the entire principal amount due at maturity. The extinguished debt bore interest at a weighted-average rate of approximately 5.96% per annum, an effective GAAP interest rate of approximately 3.03% per annum and was scheduled to mature on October 7, 2017. There was no prepayment penalty associated with the repayment of the prior indebtedness. We recognized a net gain from early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $14.6 million primarily consisting of the acceleration of the remaining balance related to the historical fair value debt adjustment.
On April 24, 2017, BPLP entered into the 2017 Credit Facility (See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Certain lenders, under the prior credit facility, chose to not participate in the 2017 Credit Facility and as such we recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of approximately $0.3 million related to the acceleration of finance fees associated with the prior credit agreement.plans.
Impairment LossesLoss
Impairment loss may differ between BXP and BPLP as a result of previously applied acquisition accounting by BXP for the issuance of common stock in connection with non-sponsor OP Unit redemptions by BPLP.  This accounting resulted in a step-up of the real estate assets at BXP that was allocated to certain properties.  The difference between the real estate assets of BXP as compared to BPLP for certain properties having an allocation of the real estate step-up will result in a corresponding difference in depreciation expense. For additional information see the Explanatory Note that follows the cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

On December 13, 2018,At March 31, 2019, we completedevaluated the saleexpected hold period of our 6595 SpringfieldOne Tower Center Drive development projectproperty located in Springfield, Virginia, for a sale price of approximately $98.1 million, consisting of the landEast Brunswick, New Jersey and, project costs incurred through the closing date. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $97.1 million. Concurrently with the sale, we agreed to act as development manager and have guaranteed the completion of the project. The book value of the property exceeded its estimated fair value prior to the sale, and as a result, we recognized an impairment loss totaling approximately $8.7 million during the three months ended December 31, 2018. 6595 Springfield Center Drive is an approximately 634,000 net rentable square foot Class A office project.
During the three months ended December 31, 2018, we reevaluated our strategy for the sale of our 2600 Tower Oaks Boulevard property. Basedbased on a shorter than expectedshorter-than-expected hold period, we reduced the carrying value of the property to its estimated fair value at DecemberMarch 31, 20182019 and recognized an impairment loss totaling approximately $3.1$24.0 million for BXP and approximately $1.5$22.3 million for BPLP. Our estimated fair value was based on a pending offer from a third party to acquire the property and the subsequent execution of a purchase and sale agreement on April 18, 2019 for a gross sale price of approximately $38.0 million. On June 3, 2019, we completed the sale of the property. 2600One Tower Oaks BoulevardCenter is an approximately 179,000410,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property. We did not have any impairments during the year ended December 31, 2020.
Loss From Early Extinguishment of Debt
On September 18, 2019, BPLP completed the redemption of $700.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 5.625% senior notes due November 15, 2020. The redemption price was approximately $740.7 million. The redemption price included approximately $13.5 million of accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date. Excluding the accrued and unpaid interest, the redemption price was approximately 103.90% of the principal amount being redeemed. We recognized a loss from early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $28.0 million, which amount included the payment of the redemption premium totaling approximately $27.3 million.
On December 19, 2019, we used available cash to repay the bond financing collateralized by our New Dominion Technology Park, Building One property totaling approximately $26.5 million. The bond financing bore interest at a weighted-average fixed rate of approximately 7.69% per annum and was scheduled to mature on January 15, 2021. We recognized a loss from early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $1.5 million, which amount included the payment of a prepayment penalty totaling approximately $1.4 million. New Dominion Technology Park, Building One is an approximately 235,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property (See Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).located in Herndon, Virginia.
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Interest Expense
Interest expense increased by approximately $3.7$19.0 million for the year ended December 31, 20182020 compared to 20172019, as detailed below.
Component Change in interest expense for the year ended
December 31, 2018
compared to
December 31, 2017
  (in thousands)
Increases to interest expense due to:  
Issuance of $850 million in aggregate principal of 3.200% senior notes due 2025 on December 4, 2017 $25,383
Refinancing of the debt collateralized by 767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building) 15,448
Utilization of the 2017 Credit Facility (1) 12,082
Issuance of $1 billion in aggregate principal of 4.500% senior notes due 2028 on November 28, 2018 4,148
Other interest expense (excluding senior notes) 153
Total increases to interest expense 57,214
Decreases to interest expense due to:  
Redemption of $850 million in aggregate principal of 3.700% senior notes due 2018 on December 17, 2017 (30,519)
Decrease in the interest for the Outside Members' Notes Payable for the 767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building) (2) (16,256)
Increase in capitalized interest (4,696)
Redemption of $700 million in aggregate principal of 5.875% senior notes due 2019 on December 13, 2018 (2,056)
Total decreases to interest expense (53,527)
Total change in interest expense $3,687
_______________  
(1)ComponentSee Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(2)The relatedChange in interest expense from the Outside Members’ Notes Payable totaled approximately $16.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. These amounts2020 compared to December 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Increases to interest expense due to:
Issuance of $1.25 billion in aggregate principal of 3.250% senior notes due 2031 on May 5, 2020$26,618 
Issuance of $850 million in aggregate principal of 3.400% senior notes due 2029 on June 21, 201913,714 
Issuance of $700 million in aggregate principal of 2.900% senior notes due 2030 on September 3, 201913,666 
Increase in interest due to finance leases that are allocatedrelated to development properties3,695 
Decrease in capitalized interest related to development projects2,665 
Increase in interest due to a finance lease for an in-service property535 
Other interest expense (excluding senior notes)443 
Total increases to interest expense61,336 
Decreases to interest expense due to:
Redemption of $700 million in aggregate principal of 5.625% senior notes due 2020 on September 18, 2019(28,172)
Decrease in interest rates for the outside joint venture partners as an adjustment2017 Credit Facility(9,364)
Increase in capitalized interest related to Noncontrolling Interestsdevelopment projects that had finance leases(2,665)
Repayment of a bond financing collateralized by New Dominion Technology Building One(2,135)
Total decreases to interest expense(42,336)
Total change in Property Partnerships in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. On June 7, 2017, a portion of the outside members’ notes payable was repaid and the remaining portion was contributed as equity in the consolidated entity.interest expense$19,000 
Interest expense directly related to the development of rental properties is capitalized and included in real estate assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortized over the useful lives of the real estate or lease term. As portions of properties are placed in-service, we cease capitalizing interest on that portion and interest is

then expensed. Interest capitalized for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017 were2019 was approximately $65.8$53.9 million and $61.1$54.9 million, respectively. These costs are not included in the interest expense referenced above.
On May 5, 2020, BPLP completed a public offering of $1.25 billion in aggregate principal amount of its 3.250% unsecured senior notes due 2031 (See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). We used a portion of the net proceeds from this offering for the repayment of borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Facility.
On February 14, 2021, BPLP completed the redemption of $850.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.125% senior notes due May 15, 2021. The redemption price was approximately $858.7 million, which was equal to par plus approximately $8.7 million of accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date.
At December 31, 2018,2020, our variable rate debt consisted of BPLP'sBPLP’s $2.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility (the “2017 Credit Facility”), which includes the $500.0 million Delayeddelayed draw term loan facility (the “Delayed Draw FacilityFacility”) and the $1.5 billion Revolving Facility. The Revolving Facility did not have any borrowings outstanding asrevolving line of December 31, 2018.credit (the “Revolving Facility”). The Delayed Draw Facility had $500.0 million outstanding as of December 31, 2018.2020. The Revolving Facility did not have an outstanding balance as of December 31, 2020. For a summary of our consolidated debt as of December 31, 20182020 and December 31, 20172019 refer to the heading “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capitalization—Debt Financing” within “Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

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Noncontrolling Interests in Property PartnershipsProperties Sold Portfolio
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships increasedThe table below lists the properties we sold between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020. Rental revenue and real estate operating expenses from our Properties Sold Portfolio decreased by approximately $15.1$62.5 million and $22.7 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 20182020 compared to 2017,2019, as detailed below.
Property Noncontrolling Interests in Property Partnerships for the year ended December 31,
2018 2017 Change
  (in thousands)
Salesforce Tower (1) $(439) $(528) $89
767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building) (2) 1,791
 (1,913) 3,704
Times Square Tower 26,997
 26,808
 189
601 Lexington Avenue (3) 18,802
 10,317
 8,485
100 Federal Street (4) 6,350
 3,722
 2,628
Atlantic Wharf Office Building 9,408
 9,426
 (18)
  $62,909
 $47,832
 $15,077
Rental RevenueReal Estate Operating Expenses
NameDate SoldProperty TypeSquare Feet20202019Change20202019Change
(dollars in thousands)
2600 Tower Oaks BoulevardJanuary 24, 2019Office179,000 $— $159 $(159)$— $189 $(189)
One Tower CenterJune 3, 2019Office410,000 — 2,605 (2,605)— 2,078 (2,078)
164 Lexington RoadJune 28, 2019Office64,000 — — — — 82 (82)
Washingtonian NorthDecember 20, 2019LandN/A— 62 (62)— 157 (157)
601, 611 and 651 Gateway (1)January 28, 2020Office768,000 1,946 27,964 (26,018)881 10,272 (9,391)
New Dominion Technology ParkFebruary 20, 2020Office493,000 2,551 19,437 (16,886)772 6,005 (5,233)
Capital Gallery (2)June 25, 2020Office631,000 23,352 40,166 (16,814)8,669 14,238 (5,569)
2,545,000 $27,849 $90,393 $(62,544)$10,322 $33,021 $(22,699)
_______________
(1)See Notes 10 and 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(2)On June 7, 2017, our consolidated entity in which we have a 60% interest completed the refinancing of indebtedness that had been secured by direct and indirect interests in 767 Fifth Avenue. The net loss allocation was primarily due to the partners’ share of the interest expense for the outside members’ notes payable which was $16.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. However, during the year ended December 31, 2017, we recognized a net gain from early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $14.6 million primarily consisting of the acceleration of the remaining balance related to the historical fair value debt adjustments and as a result, this contributed to the property having a reduced net loss allocation. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2017, we accelerated the depreciation and amortization related to capital improvements being performed at the building and had approximately $14.2 million of termination income. Neither of these items reoccurred during the year ended December 31, 2018.
(3)On August 19, 2016, the consolidated entity in which we have a 55% interest and that owns this property commenced the redevelopment of the six-story low-rise office and retail building component of the complex. The redeveloped portion of the low-rise building will contain approximately 195,000 net rentable square feet of Class A office space and approximately 25,000 net rentable square feet of retail space. We will capitalize incremental costs during the redevelopment. In addition, real estate operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 included approximately $5.8 million of demolition costs, which did not reoccur during the year ended December 31, 2018.
(4)The year ended December 31, 2018 included an increase in rental
(1)Rental revenue from our tenants.
Noncontrolling Interest—Common Units of the Operating Partnership
For BXP, noncontrolling interest—common units of the Operating Partnership increased by approximately $14.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared2019 includes approximately $0.8 million of termination income (See Notes 3 and 6 to 2017 due primarilythe Consolidated Financial Statements).
(2)We completed the sale of a portion of our Capital Gallery property located in Washington, DC. Capital Gallery is an approximately 631,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property. The portion sold was comprised of approximately 455,000 net rentable square feet of commercial office space. We continue to an increase in allocable income, which wasown the result of recognizing a greater gainland, underground parking garage and remaining commercial office and retail space. The amounts shown represent the entire property and not just the portion sold (See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
For additional information on the sales of real estate amount during 2018, partially offset by a decrease in the noncontrolling interest’s ownership percentage. Dueabove properties and land parcel refer to our ownership structure, there is no corresponding line item on BPLP’s financial statements.
“Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2017 and2016
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholdersOperations—Other Income and net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders decreased approximately $50.3 million and $62.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 compared to 2016, respectively, as detailed in the following tables

and for the reasons discussed below under the heading “ComparisonExpense Items—Gains on Sales of the year ended December 31, 2017 to the year ended December 31, 2016”Real Estate” within “Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.Operations.”
The following are reconciliations
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Table of Net Income Attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. Common Shareholders toContents
Residential Net Operating Income and
Net Income Attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership Common Unitholders to Net Operating Incomeoperating income for the years ended December 31, 2017 and2016 (in thousands):

Boston Properties, Inc.
  Total Property Portfolio
  2017 2016 Increase/
(Decrease)		 %
Change
Net Income Attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. Common Shareholders $451,939
 $502,285
 $(50,346) (10.02)%
Preferred dividends 10,500
 10,500
 —
 — %
Net Income Attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. 462,439
 512,785
 (50,346) (9.82)%
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests:        
Noncontrolling interest—common units of the Operating Partnership 52,210
 59,260
 (7,050) (11.90)%
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships 47,832
 (2,068) 49,900
 2,412.96 %
Net Income 562,481
 569,977
 (7,496) (1.32)%
Other Expenses:        
Add:        
Losses from interest rate contracts —
 140
 (140) (100.00)%
Interest expense 374,481
 412,849
 (38,368) (9.29)%
Impairment losses —
 1,783
 (1,783) (100.00)%
Other Income:        
Less:        
Gains (losses) from early extinguishments of debt 496
 (371) 867
 233.69 %
Gains from investments in securities 3,678
 2,273
 1,405
 61.81 %
Interest and other income 5,783
 7,230
 (1,447) (20.01)%
Gains on sales of real estate 7,663
 80,606
 (72,943) (90.49)%
Gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture —
 59,370
 (59,370) (100.00)%
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures 11,232
 8,074
 3,158
 39.11 %
Other Expenses:        
Add:        
Depreciation and amortization expense 617,547
 694,403
 (76,856) (11.07)%
Transaction costs 668
 2,387
 (1,719) (72.02)%
General and administrative expense 113,715
 105,229
 8,486
 8.06 %
Other Revenue:        
Less:        
Development and management services revenue 34,605
 28,284
 6,321
 22.35 %
Net Operating Income $1,605,435
 $1,601,302
 $4,133
 0.26 %


Boston Properties Limited Partnership
  Total Property Portfolio
  2017 2016 Increase/
(Decrease)		 %
Change
Net Income Attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership Common Unitholders $512,866
 $575,341
 $(62,475) (10.86)%
Preferred distributions 10,500
 10,500
 —
 — %
Net Income Attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership 523,366
 585,841
 (62,475) (10.66)%
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests:        
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships 47,832
 (2,068) 49,900
 2,412.96 %
Net Income 571,198
 583,773
 (12,575) (2.15)%
Other Expenses:        
Add:        
Losses from interest rate contracts —
 140
 (140) (100.00)%
Interest expense 374,481
 412,849
 (38,368) (9.29)%
Impairment losses —
 1,783
 (1,783) (100.00)%
Other Income:        
Less:        
Gains (losses) from early extinguishments of debt 496
 (371) 867
 233.69 %
Gains from investments in securities 3,678
 2,273
 1,405
 61.81 %
Interest and other income 5,783
 7,230
 (1,447) (20.01)%
Gains on sales of real estate 8,240
 82,775
 (74,535) (90.05)%
Gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture —
 59,370
 (59,370) (100.00)%
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures 11,232
 8,074
 3,158
 39.11 %
Other Expenses:        
Add:        
Depreciation and amortization expense 609,407
 682,776
 (73,369) (10.75)%
Transaction costs 668
 2,387
 (1,719) (72.02)%
General and administrative expense 113,715
 105,229
 8,486
 8.06 %
Other Revenue:        
Less:        
Development and management services revenue 34,605
 28,284
 6,321
 22.35 %
Net Operating Income $1,605,435
 $1,601,302
 $4,133
 0.26 %

Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2017 to the year ended December 31, 2016
The table below shows selected operating information for the Same Property Portfolio and the Total Property Portfolio. The Same Property Portfolio consists of 144our residential same properties totaling approximately 38.7 million net rentable square feet of space, excluding unconsolidated joint ventures. The Same Property Portfolio includes properties acquired or placed in-service on or prior to January 1, 2016 and owned and in service through December 31, 2017. The Total Property Portfolio includes the effects of the other properties either placed in-service, acquired or in development or redevelopment after January 1, 2016 or disposed of on or prior to December 31, 2017. This table includes a reconciliation from the Same Property Portfolio to the Total Property Portfolio by also providing information for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 with respect to the properties which were placed in-service, acquired, in development or redevelopment or sold.



 Same Property Portfolio Properties
Acquired Portfolio		 Properties
Placed In-Service
Portfolio		 Properties in
Development or
Redevelopment
Portfolio		 Properties Sold PortfolioTotal Property Portfolio
(dollars in thousands)2017 2016 
Increase/
(Decrease)
 
%
Change
 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 Increase/
(Decrease)		 %
Change
Rental Revenue:                               
Rental Revenue$2,395,910
 $2,329,295
 $66,615
 2.86 % $7,669
 $3,929
 $73,414
 $45,814
 $4,375
 $18,913
 $846
 $3,709
 $2,482,214
 $2,401,660
 $80,554
 3.35 %
Termination Income24,467
 60,183
 (35,716) (59.35)% 6
 —
 —
 —
 (1,415) (890) —
 —
 23,058
 59,293
 (36,235) (61.11)%
Total Rental Revenue2,420,377
 2,389,478
 30,899
 1.29 % 7,675
 3,929
 73,414
 45,814
 2,960
 18,023
 846
 3,709
 2,505,272
 2,460,953
 44,319
 1.80 %
Real Estate Operating Expenses887,538
 856,637
 30,901
 3.61 % 2,065
 857
 21,996
 11,564
 11,387
 11,745
 689
 1,889
 923,675
 882,692
 40,983
 4.64 %
Net Operating Income (Loss), Excluding Residential and Hotel (1)1,532,839
 1,532,841
 (2) — % 5,610
 3,072
 51,418
 34,250
 (8,427) 6,278
 157
 1,820
 1,581,597
 1,578,261
 3,336
 0.21 %
Residential Net Operating Income (Loss) (2)10,294
 10,246
 48
 0.47 % —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (623) —
 —
 10,294
 9,623
 671
 6.97 %
Hotel Net Operating Income (2)13,544
 13,418
 126
 0.94 % —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 13,544
 13,418
 126
 0.94 %
Consolidated Net Operating Income (Loss) (1) (2)$1,556,677
 $1,556,505
 $172
 0.01 % $5,610
 $3,072
 $51,418
 $34,250
 $(8,427) $5,655
 $157
 $1,820
 $1,605,435
 $1,601,302
 $4,133
 0.26 %
_______________
(1)The change in the Same Property Portfolio was driven by the decrease in termination income. For additional information, see page 79.
(2)For a detailed discussion of NOI, including the reasons management believes NOI is useful to investors, see page 64. Residential Net Operating Income for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 are comprised of Residential Revenue of $16,596 and $16,699 less Residential Expenses of $6,302 and $7,076, respectively. Hotel Net Operating Income for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 are comprised of Hotel Revenue of $45,603 and $44,884 less Hotel Expenses of $32,059 and $31,466, respectively, per the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Same Property Portfolio
Rental Revenue
Rental revenue from the Same Property Portfolio increased by approximately $66.6$0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 20172020 compared to 2016. The increase was primarily the result2019. Some of an increase in revenue from our leasesresidential properties include retail tenants and parking and other income of approximately $62.9 million and $4.6 million, respectively, partially offset by decreases in other recoveries of approximately $0.9 million. Rental revenue from our leases increased by approximately $62.9 million as a result, net operating income for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes approximately $0.7 million of termination income from a retail tenant.
The following reflects our occupancy and rate information for The Lofts at Atlantic Wharf, The Avant at Reston Town Center, Signature at Reston and Proto Kendall Square for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
The Lofts at Atlantic WharfThe Avant at Reston Town CenterSignature at RestonProto Kendall Square
20202019Change (%)20202019Change (%)20202019Change (%)20202019Change (%)
Average Monthly Rental Rate (1)$4,269 $4,482 (4.8)%$2,336 $2,417 (3.4)%$2,329 $2,347 (0.8)%$2,810 $2,889 (2.7)%
Average Rental Rate Per Occupied Square Foot$4.73 $4.95 (4.4)%$2.56 $2.64 (3.0)%$2.45 $2.54 (3.5)%$5.17 $5.36 (3.5)%
Average Physical Occupancy (2)88.4 %95.1 %(7.0)%90.3 %92.0 %(1.8)%81.6 %67.4 %21.1 %90.9 %83.9 %8.3 %
Average Economic Occupancy (3)87.9 %95.2 %(7.7)%89.1 %91.6 %(2.7)%77.2 %61.4 %25.7 %89.4 %81.9 %9.2 %
_______________  
(1)Average Monthly Rental Rate is calculated as the average of the quotients obtained by dividing (A) rental revenue as determined in accordance with GAAP, by (B) the number of occupied units for each month within the applicable fiscal period.
(2)Average Physical Occupancy is defined as (1) the average number of occupied units divided by (2) the total number of units, expressed as a percentage.
(3)Average Economic Occupancy is defined as (1) total possible revenue less vacancy loss divided by (2) total possible revenue, expressed as a percentage. Total possible revenue is determined by valuing average occupied units at contract rates and average vacant units at Market Rents. Vacancy loss is determined by valuing vacant units at current Market Rents. By measuring vacant units at their Market Rents, Average Economic Occupancy takes into account the fact that units of different sizes and locations within a residential property have different economic impacts on a residential property’s total possible gross revenue. Market Rents used by us in calculating Economic Occupancy are based on the current market rates set by the managers of our residential properties based on their experience in renting their residential property’s units and publicly available market data. Actual market rents and trends in such rents for a region as reported by others may vary materially from Market Rents used by us. Market Rents for a period are based on the average revenue per square foot increasing by approximately $1.70, contributing approximately $62.5 million,Market Rents during that period and an approximately $0.4 million increase due to our average occupancy increasing from 91.53% to 91.54%.do not reflect any impact for cash concessions.
TerminationHotel Net Operating Income
TerminationNet operating income for the Boston Marriott Cambridge hotel property decreased by approximately $35.7$20.2 million for the year ended December 31, 20172020 compared to 2016.2019.
Termination incomeThe Boston Marriott Cambridge closed in March 2020 due to COVID-19. The hotel re-opened on October 2, 2020 and has been operating at a diminished occupancy due to the continued impacts that COVID-19 has had on business and leisure travel. The closing of the hotel for more than two fiscal quarters, weak demand and low occupancy since its re-opening, have had, and are expected to continue to have, a material adverse effect on the hotel’s operations. We expect hotel occupancy to remain low until a sufficient number of people have been vaccinated and the demand for travel and leisure returns to historical levels. See Item 1A: “Risk Factors” for additional details.
The following reflects our occupancy and rate information for the Boston Marriott Cambridge hotel for the year ended December 31, 2017 resulted from the termination2020 and 2019.
20202019
Change (%)
Occupancy16.4 %83.8 %(80.4)%
Average daily rate$211.36 $281.15 (24.8)%
REVPAR$33.52 $235.64 (85.8)%

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Table of 33 tenants across the Same Property Portfolio which totaledContents
Other Operating Revenue and Expense Items
Development and Management Services Revenue
Development and management services revenue decreased by approximately $24.5$10.4 million of which approximately $21.3 million was attributable to the New York Region. The remaining approximately $2.8 million of termination income was primarily related to the Washington, DC region. In addition, we received the fifth interim distribution from our unsecured creditor's claim against Lehman Brothers, Inc. of approximately $0.4 million (See Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Termination income for the year ended December 31, 2016 resulted from the termination of 35 tenants across the Same Property Portfolio which totaled2020 compared to 2019. Development and management services revenue decreased by approximately $60.2$10.0 million of which approximately $58.8and $0.4 million, was from our New York region. On February 3, 2016, we entered into a lease termination agreement with a tenant for an approximately 85,000 square foot lease at our 250 West 55th Street property locatedrespectively. The decrease in New York City.  The lease was scheduled to expire on February 28, 2035.  In consideration for the termination of the lease, the tenant paid us approximately $45.0 million. The remaining approximately $12.4 million of termination income from the New York regiondevelopment services revenue was primarily related to negotiated early releasesa decrease of approximately $10.7 million in development fees from the completion of development projects in the Boston and Washington, DC regions and fees associated with threetenant improvement projects earned in the Boston region, partially offset by an increase of approximately $0.7 million in fees associated with tenant improvement projects earned in the Washington, DC region. The decrease in management services revenue was primarily related to a decrease in leasing commissions earned from our unconsolidated joint ventures in the Boston region, partially offset by property management fees earned from third-party owned buildings in the Washington, DC region and our Gateway Commons unconsolidated joint venture, which was deconsolidated on January 28, 2020.
General and Administrative Expense
General and administrative expense decreased by approximately $7.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 2019 primarily due to a decrease in compensation expense of approximately $7.4 million and an approximately $0.3 million decrease in other tenants.general and administrative expenses. The decrease in compensation expense was related to (1) an approximately $2.5 million increase in capitalized wages, which decreases general and administrative expenses, (2) an approximately $1.1 million decrease in the value of our deferred compensation plan, (3) an approximately $0.6 million decrease in health care costs and (3) an approximately $3.2 million decrease in other compensation-related expenses. The increase in capitalized wages is shown as an decrease to general and administrative expense as some of these costs were capitalized and included in real estate assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets (see below).
Wages directly related to the development of rental properties are capitalized and included in real estate assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortized over the useful lives of the applicable asset or lease term. Capitalized wages for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were approximately $12.9 million and $10.4 million, respectively. These costs are not included in the general and administrative expenses discussed above.
Transaction Costs
Transaction costs decreased by approximately $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 2019 due primarily to costs incurred in connection with the pursuit and formation of new joint ventures. In addition,general, transaction costs relating to the formation of new and pending joint ventures and the pursuit of other transactions are expensed as incurred.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation expense may differ between BXP and BPLP as a result of previously applied acquisition accounting by BXP for the issuance of common stock in connection with non-sponsor OP Unit redemptions by BPLP.  This accounting resulted in a step-up of the real estate assets at BXP that was allocated to certain properties.  The difference between the real estate assets of BXP as compared to BPLP for certain properties having an allocation of the real estate step-up will result in a corresponding difference in depreciation expense. For additional information see the Explanatory Note that follows the cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Boston Properties, Inc.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased by approximately $6.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 2019, as detailed below.
PortfolioDepreciation and Amortization for the year ended December 31,
20202019Change
(in thousands)
Same Property Portfolio$650,987 $643,655 $7,332 
Properties Acquired Portfolio9,285 3,449 5,836 
Properties Placed In-Service Portfolio17,664 2,561 15,103 
Properties in Development or Redevelopment Portfolio (1)1,819 12,381 (10,562)
Properties Sold Portfolio3,996 15,718 (11,722)
$683,751 $677,764 $5,987 
_______________  
(1)On May 9, 2019, we commenced development of 325 Main Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts. As a result, during the year ended December 31, 2016,2019, we receivedrecorded approximately $9.9 million of accelerated depreciation expense for the fourth interim distribution from our unsecured creditor's claim against Lehman Brothers, Inc.demolition of the building, of which approximately $1.4 million.$0.4 million related to the step-up of real estate assets.
Real Estate Operating ExpensesBoston Properties Limited Partnership
Real estate operating expenses from the Same Property PortfolioDepreciation and amortization expense increased by approximately $30.9$6.7 million or 3.6%, for the year ended December 31, 20172020 compared to 2016,2019, as detailed below.
PortfolioDepreciation and Amortization for the year ended December 31,
20202019Change
(in thousands)
Same Property Portfolio$643,902 $636,226 $7,676 
Properties Acquired Portfolio9,285 3,449 5,836 
Properties Placed In-Service Portfolio17,664 2,561 15,103 
Properties in Development or Redevelopment Portfolio (1)1,819 12,002 (10,183)
Properties Sold Portfolio3,996 15,718 (11,722)
$676,666 $669,956 $6,710 
_______________
(1)On May 9, 2019, we commenced development of 325 Main Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts. As a result, during the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded approximately $9.5 million of accelerated depreciation expense for the demolition of the building.
Direct Reimbursements of Payroll and Related Costs From Management Services Contracts and Payroll and Related Costs From Management Service Contracts
We have determined that amounts reimbursed for payroll and related costs received from third parties in connection with management services contracts should be reflected on a gross basis instead of on a net basis as we have determined that we are the principal under these arrangements. We anticipate that these two financial statement line items will generally offset each other.
Other Income and Expense Items
Income (loss) from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
For the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 2019, income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures decreased by approximately $131.7 million primarily due primarily to, increases in(1) a $60.5 million non-cash impairment charge at our Dock 72 joint venture during the year ended December 31, 2020, (2) a $47.5 million gain on sale of real estate taxesfrom the sale of 540 Madison Avenue during the year ended December 31, 2019 and other real estate operating expensesthe resulting loss of income thereafter, (3) our share of the write-off of accrued rent and accounts receivable of approximately $17.8 million, or 4.3%, and $13.1 million, or 2.7%, respectively. The increase in real estate taxes was primarily experienced in the New York CBD properties.
Properties Acquired Portfolio
The table below lists the properties acquired between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2017. Rental revenue and real estate operating expenses increased by approximately $3.7$16.2 million and $1.2$1.5 million, respectively for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared2020, (4) an approximately $3.3 million net loss from our
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Gateway Commons joint venture, primarily due to 2016, as detailed below.
      Rental Revenue Real Estate Operating Expenses
Name Date acquired Square Feet 2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change
      (dollars in thousands)
3625-3635 Peterson Way April 22, 2016 218,366
 $5,936
 $3,929
 $2,007
 $1,227
 $857
 $370
103 Carnegie Center (1) May 15, 2017 96,332
 1,739
 —
 1,739
 838
 —
 838
    314,698
 $7,675
 $3,929
 $3,746
 $2,065
 $857
 $1,208
_______________
(1)Rental revenue includes terminationdepreciation and amortization expense and (5) the fully placing in-service of the Hub50House residential property, which is not expected to be stabilized until the first quarter of 2022, decreased our net income by approximately $3.4 million. These decreases were partially offset by an approximately $5.8 million gain on sale of approximately $6,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017.


Properties Placed In-Service Portfolio
The table below lists the properties that were placed in-service or partially placed in-service between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2017. Rental revenue and real estate operating expenses from our Properties Placed In-Service Portfolio increased by approximately $27.6 millionthe sale of Annapolis Junction Building Eight and $10.4 million, respectively, fortwo undeveloped land parcels during the year ended December 31, 20172020.
Under ASC 842, the write-off for bad debt, including accrued rent, is recorded as a reduction to lease revenue. As a result, during the year ended December 31, 2020, for our unconsolidated joint ventures, we wrote off our share of the accrued rent and accounts receivable balances of approximately $16.2 million and $1.5 million, respectively. These write-offs related to tenants that either terminated their leases or for which we determined that their accrued rent and/or accounts receivable balances were no longer probable of collection.
In addition, as a result of COVID-19, for properties owned by our unconsolidated joint ventures, during 2020, the joint ventures executed lease modification agreements for approximately 1.1 million square feet. As a result of these lease modification agreements, our share of the total cash rent abatements and deferrals granted was approximately $9.5 million, of which approximately $7.5 million was related to rental charges for 2020. Although some of the lease modifications were deferrals where we expect the tenant will pay the joint venture in full primarily in 2021, the majority of the lease modifications involved extending the lease term (in some cases for longer than a year). As a result of the lease modification agreements that extended the lease term, we expect to see an increase in the cash rent we will receive in the future.
In April 2020, the FASB staff issued the Lease Modification Q & A related to the application of lease accounting guidance for lease concessions, in accordance with ASC 842, as a result of COVID-19. We did not utilize the guidance provided in the Lease Modification Q & A and instead elected to continue to account for the COVID-19 lease concessions on a lease-by-lease basis in accordance with the existing lease modification accounting framework (See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). As such, the accrued rent balances, which are a component of lease revenue, include the accounting impact (adjusted for write-offs) from the rent abatements, deferrals and extensions that were executed during 2020.
The joint ventures expect the volume of lease modifications as a result of COVID-19 to start to decrease. However, the degree to which tenants’ businesses are negatively impacted by COVID-19 could leave some tenants still unable to meet their rental payment obligations and result in a reduction in cash flows. Our unconsolidated joint ventures may write-off additional accrued rent or accounts receivable balances and this could have a material adverse effect on lease revenue. See Item 1A: “Risk Factors” for additional details.
Gains on Sales of Real Estate
Gains on sales of real estate may differ between BXP and BPLP as a result of previously applied acquisition accounting by BXP for the issuance of common stock in connection with non-sponsor OP Unit redemptions by BPLP. This accounting resulted in a step-up of the real estate assets at BXP that was allocated to certain properties. The difference between the real estate assets of BXP as compared to 2016, as detailed below.
  Quarter Initially Placed In-Service Quarter  Fully Placed In-Service   Rental Revenue Real Estate Operating Expenses
Name   Square Feet 2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change
        (dollars in thousands)
601 Massachusetts Avenue Third Quarter, 2015 Second Quarter, 2016 478,818
 $37,987
 $34,050
 $3,937
 $9,827
 $7,919
 $1,908
804 Carnegie Center Second Quarter, 2016 Second Quarter, 2016 130,000
 5,584
 3,947
 1,637
 1,400
 1,385
 15
10 CityPoint Second Quarter, 2016 Second Quarter, 2016 241,199
 11,657
 5,540
 6,117
 3,480
 1,334
 2,146
Reservoir Place North Second Quarter, 2016 Second Quarter, 2017 73,258
 —
 (8) 8
 346
 116
 230
888 Boylston Street Third Quarter, 2016 Third Quarter, 2017 417,000
 17,486
 2,285
 15,201
 6,597
 810
 5,787
191 Spring Street Fourth Quarter, 2017 N/A 171,000
 29
 —
 29
 55
 —
 55
Salesforce Tower Fourth Quarter, 2017 N/A 1,400,000
 671
 —
 671
 291
 —
 291
      2,911,275
 $73,414
 $45,814
 $27,600
 $21,996
 $11,564
 $10,432
Properties in Development or Redevelopment Portfolio
The table below listsBPLP for certain properties having an allocation of the properties were in development or redevelopment between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2017. Rental revenue and real estate operating expenses from ourstep-up will result in a corresponding difference in the gains on sales of real estate when those properties are sold. For additional information, see the Explanatory Note that follows the cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Boston Properties, in Development or Redevelopment Portfolio decreasedInc.
Gains on sales of real estate increased by approximately $15.1 million and $0.4$618.3 million for the year ended December 31, 20172020 compared to 2016, respectively.2019, as detailed below.
NameDate SoldProperty TypeSquare FeetSale PriceNet Cash ProceedsGain (Loss) on Sale of Real Estate
(dollars in millions)
2020
601, 611 and 651 GatewayJanuary 28, 2020Office768,000 $350.0 $— $217.7 (1)
New Dominion Technology ParkFebruary 20, 2020Office493,000 256.0 254.0 192.3 
Capital GalleryJune 25, 2020Office455,000 253.7 246.6 203.5 (2)
Crane MeadowDecember 16, 2020LandN/A14.3 14.2 5.2 
$874.0 $514.8 $618.7 (3)
2019
2600 Tower Oaks BoulevardJanuary 24, 2019Office179,000 $22.7 $21.4 $(0.6)
One Tower CenterJune 3, 2019Office410,000 38.0 36.6 (0.8)
164 Lexington RoadJune 28, 2019Office64,000 4.0 3.8 2.5 
Washingtonian NorthDecember 20, 2019LandN/A7.8 7.3 (0.1)
$72.5 $69.1 $1.0 (4)
___________  
(1)On January 28, 2020, we entered into a joint venture with a third party to own, operate and develop properties at our Gateway Commons complex located in South San Francisco. We contributed our 601, 611 and 651 Gateway properties and development rights with an agreed upon value aggregating approximately $350.0 million for our 50% interest in the joint venture (See Notes 3 and 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(2)We completed the sale of a portion of our Capital Gallery property located in Washington, DC. Capital Gallery is an approximately 631,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property. The portion sold was comprised of approximately 455,000 net rentable square feet of commercial office space. We continue to own the land, underground parking garage and remaining commercial office and retail space (See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(3)Excludes approximately $0.2 million of gains on sales of real estate recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020 related to gain amounts from sales of real estate occurring in the prior year.
(4)Excludes approximately $0.3 million of losses on sales of real estate recognized during the year ended December 31, 2019 related to loss amounts from sales of real estate occurring in prior years.

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      Rental Revenue Real Estate Operating Expenses
Name Date Commenced Development / Redevelopment Square Feet 2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change
      (dollars in thousands)
One Five Nine East 53rd Street (1) August 19, 2016 220,000
 $2,218
 $11,530
 $(9,312) $7,368
 $8,173
 $(805)
191 Spring Street (2) December 29, 2016 171,000
 —
 2,813
 (2,813) 2,843
 2,025
 818
145 Broadway (3) April 6, 2017 79,616
 742
 3,680
 (2,938) 1,176
 1,547
 (371)
    470,616
 $2,960
 $18,023
 $(15,063) $11,387
 $11,745
 $(358)
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
_______________Gains on sales of real estate increased by approximately $631.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 2019, as detailed below.
NameDate SoldProperty TypeSquare FeetSale PriceNet Cash ProceedsGain (Loss) on Sale of Real Estate
(dollars in millions)
2020
601, 611 and 651 GatewayJanuary 28, 2020Office768,000 $350.0 $— $222.4 (1)
New Dominion Technology ParkFebruary 20, 2020Office493,000 256.0 254.0 197.1 
Capital GalleryJune 25, 2020Office455,000 253.7 246.6 207.0 (2)
Crane MeadowDecember 16, 2020LandN/A14.3 14.2 5.2 
$874.0 $514.8 $631.7 (3)
2019
2600 Tower Oaks BoulevardJanuary 24, 2019Office179,000 $22.7 $21.4 $(0.6)
One Tower CenterJune 3, 2019Office410,000 38.0 36.6 (0.8)
164 Lexington RoadJune 28, 2019Office64,000 4.0 3.8 2.6 
Washingtonian NorthDecember 20, 2019LandN/A7.8 7.3 (0.1)
$72.5 $69.1 $1.1 (4)
___________  
(1)On January 28, 2020, we entered into a joint venture with a third party to own, operate and develop properties at our Gateway Commons complex located in South San Francisco. We contributed our 601, 611 and 651 Gateway properties and development rights with an agreed upon value aggregating approximately $350.0 million for our 50% interest in the joint venture (See Notes 3 and 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(2)We completed the sale of a portion of our Capital Gallery property located in Washington, DC. Capital Gallery is an approximately 631,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property. The portion sold was comprised of approximately 455,000 net rentable square feet of commercial office space. We continue to own the land, underground parking garage and remaining commercial office and retail space (See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(3)Excludes approximately $0.2 million of gains on sales of real estate recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020 related to gain amounts from sales of real estate occurring in the prior year.
(4)Excludes approximately $0.3 million of losses on sales of real estate recognized during the year ended December 31, 2019 related to loss amounts from sales of real estate occurring in prior years.
Interest and Other Income (Loss)
Interest and other income (loss) decreased by approximately $13.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 2019, due primarily to a decrease of approximately $11.2 million in interest income which was primarily due to a decrease in interest rates.
On January 1, 2020, we adopted ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”) and, as a result, we were required to record an allowance for current expected credit losses related to our outstanding (1) related party note receivable, (2) notes receivable and (3) off-balance sheet credit exposures (See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). For the year ended December 31, 2020 the allowance for current expected credit losses was $1.8 million.
Gains from Investments in Securities
Gains from investments in securities for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 related to investments that we have made to reduce our market risk relating to deferred compensation plans that we maintain for BXP’s officers and former non-employee directors. Under the deferred compensation plans, each officer or non-employee director who is eligible to participate is permitted to defer a portion of the officer’s current income or the non-employee director’s compensation on a pre-tax basis and receive a tax-deferred return on these deferrals based on the performance of specific investments selected by the officer or non-employee director. In order to reduce our
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market risk relating to these plans, we typically acquire, in a separate account that is not restricted as to its use, similar or identical investments as those selected by each officer or non-employee director. This enables us to generally match our liabilities to BXP’s officers or former non-employee directors under our deferred compensation plans with equivalent assets and thereby limit our market risk. The performance of these investments is recorded as gains from investments in securities. During the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we recognized gains of approximately $5.3 million and $6.4 million, respectively, on these investments. By comparison, our general and administrative expense increased by approximately $5.3 million and $6.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, as a result of increases in our liability under our deferred compensation plans that was associated with the performance of the specific investments selected by officers and former non-employee directors of BXP participating in the plans.
Impairment Loss
Impairment loss may differ between BXP and BPLP as a result of previously applied acquisition accounting by BXP for the issuance of common stock in connection with non-sponsor OP Unit redemptions by BPLP.  This accounting resulted in a step-up of the real estate assets at BXP that was allocated to certain properties.  The difference between the real estate assets of BXP as compared to BPLP for certain properties having an allocation of the real estate step-up will result in a corresponding difference in depreciation expense. For additional information see the Explanatory Note that follows the cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
At March 31, 2019, we evaluated the expected hold period of our One Tower Center property located in East Brunswick, New Jersey and, based on a shorter-than-expected hold period, we reduced the carrying value of the property to its estimated fair value at March 31, 2019 and recognized an impairment loss totaling approximately $24.0 million for BXP and approximately $22.3 million for BPLP. Our estimated fair value was based on a pending offer from a third party to acquire the property and the subsequent execution of a purchase and sale agreement on April 18, 2019 for a gross sale price of approximately $38.0 million. On June 3, 2019, we completed the sale of the property. One Tower Center is an approximately 410,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property. We did not have any impairments during the year ended December 31, 2020.
Loss From Early Extinguishment of Debt
On September 18, 2019, BPLP completed the redemption of $700.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 5.625% senior notes due November 15, 2020. The redemption price was approximately $740.7 million. The redemption price included approximately $13.5 million of accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date. Excluding the accrued and unpaid interest, the redemption price was approximately 103.90% of the principal amount being redeemed. We recognized a loss from early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $28.0 million, which amount included the payment of the redemption premium totaling approximately $27.3 million.
On December 19, 2019, we used available cash to repay the bond financing collateralized by our New Dominion Technology Park, Building One property totaling approximately $26.5 million. The bond financing bore interest at a weighted-average fixed rate of approximately 7.69% per annum and was scheduled to mature on January 15, 2021. We recognized a loss from early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $1.5 million, which amount included the payment of a prepayment penalty totaling approximately $1.4 million. New Dominion Technology Park, Building One is an approximately 235,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property located in Herndon, Virginia.
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Interest Expense
Interest expense increased by approximately $19.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 2019, as detailed below.
(1)Component
This is the low-rise portion of 601 Lexington Avenue in New York City. Rental revenue includes termination income of approximately $(1.4) million and $(0.9) million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. In addition, real estate operating expense includes demolition costs of approximately $5.8 million and $2.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
(2)Real estate operating expenses includes demolition costs of approximately $2.8 million and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
(3)On April 6, 2017, we commenced the development of 145 Broadway, a build-to-suit Class A office project with approximately 485,000 net rentable square feet locatedChange in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Real estate operating expensesinterest expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Increases to interest expense due to:
Issuance of $1.25 billion in aggregate principal of 3.250% senior notes due 2031 on May 5, 2020$26,618 
Issuance of $850 million in aggregate principal of 3.400% senior notes due 2029 on June 21, 201913,714 
Issuance of $700 million in aggregate principal of 2.900% senior notes due 2030 on September 3, 201913,666 
Increase in interest due to finance leases that are related to development properties3,695 
Decrease in capitalized interest related to development projects2,665 
Increase in interest due to a finance lease for an in-service property535 
Other interest expense (excluding senior notes)443 
Total increases to interest expense61,336 
Decreases to interest expense due to:
Redemption of $700 million in aggregate principal of 5.625% senior notes due 2020 on September 18, 2019(28,172)
Decrease in interest rates for the 2017 includes approximately $0.8 millionCredit Facility(9,364)
Increase in capitalized interest related to development projects that had finance leases(2,665)
Repayment of demolition costs.a bond financing collateralized by New Dominion Technology Building One(2,135)
Total decreases to interest expense(42,336)
Total change in interest expense$19,000 
In addition, duringInterest expense directly related to the yeardevelopment of rental properties is capitalized and included in real estate assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortized over the useful lives of the real estate or lease term. As portions of properties are placed in-service, we cease capitalizing interest on that portion and interest is then expensed. Interest capitalized for the years ended December 31, 2016, we had2020 and 2019 was approximately $0.6$53.9 million and $54.9 million, respectively. These costs are not included in the interest expense referenced above.
On May 5, 2020, BPLP completed a public offering of $1.25 billion in aggregate principal amount of its 3.250% unsecured senior notes due 2031 (See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). We used a portion of the net proceeds from this offering for the repayment of borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Facility.
On February 14, 2021, BPLP completed the redemption of $850.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.125% senior notes due May 15, 2021. The redemption price was approximately $858.7 million, which was equal to par plus approximately $8.7 million of demolition costs relatedaccrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date.
At December 31, 2020, our Proto Kendall Square residential development project.variable rate debt consisted of BPLP’s $2.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility (the “2017 Credit Facility”), which includes the $500.0 million delayed draw term loan facility (the “Delayed Draw Facility”) and the $1.5 billion revolving line of credit (the “Revolving Facility”). The Delayed Draw Facility had $500.0 million outstanding as of December 31, 2020. The Revolving Facility did not have an outstanding balance as of December 31, 2020. For a summary of our consolidated debt as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 refer to the heading “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capitalization—Debt Financing” within “Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”



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Properties Sold Portfolio
The table below lists the properties we sold between January 1, 20162019 and December 31, 2017.2020. Rental revenue and real estate operating expenses from our Properties Sold Portfolio decreased by approximately $2.9$62.5 million and $1.2$22.7 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 20172020 compared to 2016,2019, as detailed below.
Rental RevenueReal Estate Operating Expenses
NameDate SoldProperty TypeSquare Feet20202019Change20202019Change
(dollars in thousands)
2600 Tower Oaks BoulevardJanuary 24, 2019Office179,000 $— $159 $(159)$— $189 $(189)
One Tower CenterJune 3, 2019Office410,000 — 2,605 (2,605)— 2,078 (2,078)
164 Lexington RoadJune 28, 2019Office64,000 — — — — 82 (82)
Washingtonian NorthDecember 20, 2019LandN/A— 62 (62)— 157 (157)
601, 611 and 651 Gateway (1)January 28, 2020Office768,000 1,946 27,964 (26,018)881 10,272 (9,391)
New Dominion Technology ParkFebruary 20, 2020Office493,000 2,551 19,437 (16,886)772 6,005 (5,233)
Capital Gallery (2)June 25, 2020Office631,000 23,352 40,166 (16,814)8,669 14,238 (5,569)
2,545,000 $27,849 $90,393 $(62,544)$10,322 $33,021 $(22,699)
        Rental Revenue Real Estate Operating Expenses
Name Date Sold Property Type Square Feet 2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change
        (dollars in thousands)
415 Main Street February 1, 2016 Office 231,000
 $—
 $1,675
 $(1,675) $—
 $412
 $(412)
30 Shattuck Road April 19, 2017 Land N/A
 —
 —
 —
 14
 46
 (32)
40 Shattuck Road June 13, 2017 Office 122,000
 846
 2,034
 (1,188) 599
 1,301
 (702)
Reston Eastgate August 30, 2017 Land N/A
 —
 —
 —
 76
 130
 (54)
      353,000
 $846
 $3,709
 $(2,863) $689
 $1,889
 $(1,200)
_______________
(1)Rental revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019 includes approximately $0.8 million of termination income (See Notes 3 and 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(2)We completed the sale of a portion of our Capital Gallery property located in Washington, DC. Capital Gallery is an approximately 631,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property. The portion sold was comprised of approximately 455,000 net rentable square feet of commercial office space. We continue to own the land, underground parking garage and remaining commercial office and retail space. The amounts shown represent the entire property and not just the portion sold (See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
For additional information on the salesales of the above properties and land parcelsparcel refer to “Results of Operations—Other Income and Expense Items - Items—Gains on Sales of Real Estate” within “Item“Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
Other Operating Income and Expense Items
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Residential Net Operating Income
Net operating income for our residential same properties increased by approximately $48,000$0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 20172020 compared to 2016.2019. Some of our residential properties include retail tenants and as a result, net operating income for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes approximately $0.7 million of termination income from a retail tenant.
The following reflects our occupancy and rate information for The Lofts at Atlantic Wharf, and The Avant at Reston Town Center, Signature at Reston and Proto Kendall Square for the years ended December 31, 20172020 and 2016.2019.
The Lofts at Atlantic WharfThe Avant at Reston Town CenterSignature at RestonProto Kendall Square
20202019Change (%)20202019Change (%)20202019Change (%)20202019Change (%)
Average Monthly Rental Rate (1)$4,269 $4,482 (4.8)%$2,336 $2,417 (3.4)%$2,329 $2,347 (0.8)%$2,810 $2,889 (2.7)%
Average Rental Rate Per Occupied Square Foot$4.73 $4.95 (4.4)%$2.56 $2.64 (3.0)%$2.45 $2.54 (3.5)%$5.17 $5.36 (3.5)%
Average Physical Occupancy (2)88.4 %95.1 %(7.0)%90.3 %92.0 %(1.8)%81.6 %67.4 %21.1 %90.9 %83.9 %8.3 %
Average Economic Occupancy (3)87.9 %95.2 %(7.7)%89.1 %91.6 %(2.7)%77.2 %61.4 %25.7 %89.4 %81.9 %9.2 %
  The Lofts at Atlantic Wharf The Avant at Reston Town Center
  2017 2016 Percentage
Change		 2017 2016 Percentage
Change
Average Monthly Rental Rate (1) $4,245
 $4,154
 2.2 % $2,391
 $2,385
 0.3 %
Average Rental Rate Per Occupied Square Foot $4.70
 $4.61
 2.0 % $2.64
 $2.62
 0.8 %
 Average Physical Occupancy (2) 94.3% 95.6% (1.4)% 93.8% 93.6% 0.2 %
Average Economic Occupancy (3) 94.8% 96.5% (1.8)% 92.7% 93.6% (1.0)%
_______________  
_______________
(1)Average Monthly Rental Rate is calculated as the average of the quotients obtained by dividing (A) rental revenue as determined in accordance with GAAP, by (B) the number of occupied units for each month within the applicable fiscal period.
(2)Average Physical Occupancy is defined as (1) the average number of occupied units divided by (2) the total number of units, expressed as a percentage.
(3)Average Economic Occupancy is defined as (1) total possible revenue less vacancy loss divided by (2) total possible revenue, expressed as a percentage. Total possible revenue is determined by valuing average occupied units at contract rates and average vacant units at Market Rents. Vacancy loss is determined by valuing vacant units at current Market Rents. By measuring vacant units at their Market Rents, Average Economic Occupancy takes into account the fact that units of different sizes and locations within a residential property have different economic impacts on a residential property’s total possible gross revenue. Market Rents used by us in calculating Economic Occupancy are based on the current market rates set by the managers of our residential properties based on their experience in renting their residential property’s units and publicly available market data. Trends in market rents for a region as reported by others could vary. Market Rents for a period are based on the average Market Rents during that period and do not reflect any impact for cash concessions.

(1)Average Monthly Rental Rate is calculated as the average of the quotients obtained by dividing (A) rental revenue as determined in accordance with GAAP, by (B) the number of occupied units for each month within the applicable fiscal period.

(2)Average Physical Occupancy is defined as (1) the average number of occupied units divided by (2) the total number of units, expressed as a percentage.
(3)Average Economic Occupancy is defined as (1) total possible revenue less vacancy loss divided by (2) total possible revenue, expressed as a percentage. Total possible revenue is determined by valuing average occupied units at contract rates and average vacant units at Market Rents. Vacancy loss is determined by valuing vacant units at current Market Rents. By measuring vacant units at their Market Rents, Average Economic Occupancy takes into account the fact that units of different sizes and locations within a residential property have different economic impacts on a residential property’s total possible gross revenue. Market Rents used by us in calculating Economic Occupancy are based on the current market rates set by the managers of our residential properties based on their experience in renting their residential property’s units and publicly available market data. Actual market rents and trends in such rents for a region as reported by others may vary materially from Market Rents used by us. Market Rents for a period are based on the average Market Rents during that period and do not reflect any impact for cash concessions.
Hotel Net Operating Income
Net operating income for the Boston Marriott Cambridge hotel property increaseddecreased by approximately $0.1$20.2 million for the year ended December 31, 20172020 compared to 2016.2019.
The Boston Marriott Cambridge closed in March 2020 due to COVID-19. The hotel re-opened on October 2, 2020 and has been operating at a diminished occupancy due to the continued impacts that COVID-19 has had on business and leisure travel. The closing of the hotel for more than two fiscal quarters, weak demand and low occupancy since its re-opening, have had, and are expected to continue to have, a material adverse effect on the hotel’s operations. We expect hotel occupancy to remain low until a sufficient number of people have been vaccinated and the demand for travel and leisure returns to historical levels. See Item 1A: “Risk Factors” for additional details.
The following reflects our occupancy and rate information for the Boston Marriott Cambridge hotel for the yearsyear ended December 31, 20172020 and 2016.2019.
20202019
Change (%)
Occupancy16.4 %83.8 %(80.4)%
Average daily rate$211.36 $281.15 (24.8)%
REVPAR$33.52 $235.64 (85.8)%

81
  2017 2016 
Percentage
Change
Occupancy 79.9% 79.5% 0.5%
Average daily rate $276.67
 $271.38
 1.9%
REVPAR $221.17
 $215.71
 2.5%
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Other Operating IncomeRevenue and Expense Items
Development and Management Services Revenue
Development and management services revenue increaseddecreased by approximately $6.3$10.4 million for the year ended December 31, 20172020 compared to 2016.2019. Development revenue and management services revenue increaseddecreased by approximately $4.0$10.0 million and $2.3$0.4 million, respectively. The increasedecrease in development services revenue iswas primarily related to ana decrease of approximately $2.5$10.7 million development fee we received as a result of a third-party terminating their development agreement with us. The remaining increase in development revenue wasfees from a third-partythe completion of development agreementprojects in the Boston and Washington, DC regions and fees associated with tenant improvement projects earned in the Boston region, andpartially offset by an increase of approximately $0.7 million in fees associated with tenant improvement projects earned in the Washington, DC region. The decrease in management services revenue was primarily related to a decrease in leasing commissions earned from our unconsolidated joint ventures that are developing Dock 72 in Brooklyn, New York and The Hub on Causeway inthe Boston Massachusetts. Management services revenue increased primarily due toregion, partially offset by property management fees we earned from third-party owned buildings in the Washington, DC region and our Gateway Commons unconsolidated joint venture, that acquired Colorado Center in Santa Monica, Californiawhich was deconsolidated on July 1, 2016, as well as an increase in service income that we earned from our tenants in our New York region.January 28, 2020.
General and Administrative Expense
General and administrative expense increaseddecreased by approximately $8.5$7.7 million for the year ended December 31, 20172020 compared to 20162019 primarily due to a decrease in compensation expense of approximately $7.4 million and an approximately $0.3 million decrease in other general and administrative expenses increasing by approximately $7.2 million and $1.3 million, respectively.expenses. The increasedecrease in compensation expense was primarily related to (1) an approximately $1.4$2.5 million increase in capitalized wages, which decreases general and administrative expenses, (2) an approximately $1.1 million decrease in the value of our deferred compensation plan, (2)(3) an approximately $2.8$0.6 million difference between the unrecognized expense remaining from the 2014 MYLTIP Units compared to the expense that was recognized during year ended December 31, 2017 for the 2017 MYLTIP Units (See Notes 10 and 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements)decrease in health care costs and (3) an increaseapproximately $3.2 million decrease in other compensation related expenses of approximately $3.0 million.compensation-related expenses. The increase in othercapitalized wages is shown as an decrease to general and administrative expenses was primarily related to the write-offexpense as some of the remaining fees associated with BXP’s ATM stock offering program that was scheduled to expirethese costs were capitalized and included in real estate assets on June 3, 2017 and an increase in other professional fees.our Consolidated Balance Sheets (see below).
Wages directly related to the development and leasing of rental properties are capitalized and included in real estate assets or deferred charges on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortized over the useful lives of the applicable asset or lease term. Capitalized wages for the yearsyear ended December 31, 20172020 and 20162019 were approximately $18.6$12.9 million and $18.3$10.4 million, respectively. These costs are not included in the general and administrative expenses discussed above.
Transaction Costs
Transaction costs decreased by approximately $1.7$0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 20172020 compared to 2016. This decrease was2019 due primarily related to costs incurred in connection with the acquisitionpursuit and formation of 3625-3635 Peterson Way in Santa Clara, California, on April 22, 2016, and the acquisition of a 49.8% interest in an existingnew joint venture that owns and operates Colorado Center in Santa Monica, California on July 1, 2016.ventures. In general, transaction costs relaterelating to the formation of new and pending joint ventures pending and completed asset sales and the pursuit of other transactions including acquisitions are expensed. However, in January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business” and we chose to early adopt it during the first quarter of 2017. We expect that acquisitions of real estate or in-substance real estate will not meet the revised definition of a business because substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets (i.e. land, buildings, and related intangible assets) or because the

acquisition does not include a substantive process in the form of an acquired workforce or an acquired contract that cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort or delay (See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).expensed as incurred.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation expense may differ between BXP and BPLP as a result of previously applied acquisition accounting by BXP for the issuance of common stock in connection with non-sponsor OP Unit redemptions by BPLP.  This accounting resulted in a step-up of the real estate assets at BXP that was allocated to certain properties.  The difference between the real estate assets of BXP as compared to BPLP for certain properties having an allocation of the real estate step-up will result in a corresponding difference in depreciation expense. For additional information see the Explanatory Note that follows the cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Boston Properties, Inc.
Depreciation and amortization expense decreasedincreased by approximately $76.9$6.0 million for the year ended December 31, 20172020 compared to 2016,2019, as detailed below.
Portfolio Depreciation and Amortization for the year ended December 31,
2017 2016 Change
  (in thousands)
Same Property Portfolio (1) $593,366
 $624,716
 $(31,350)
Properties Placed in-Service Portfolio 15,815
 8,913
 6,902
Properties Acquired Portfolio 5,044
 2,693
 2,351
Properties in Development or Redevelopment Portfolio (2) 3,050
 57,184
 (54,134)
Properties Sold Portfolio 272
 897
 (625)
  $617,547
 $694,403
 $(76,856)
PortfolioDepreciation and Amortization for the year ended December 31,
20202019Change
(in thousands)
Same Property Portfolio$650,987 $643,655 $7,332 
Properties Acquired Portfolio9,285 3,449 5,836 
Properties Placed In-Service Portfolio17,664 2,561 15,103 
Properties in Development or Redevelopment Portfolio (1)1,819 12,381 (10,562)
Properties Sold Portfolio3,996 15,718 (11,722)
$683,751 $677,764 $5,987 
_______________  
(1)We commenced several repositioning and capital improvement projects during the year ended December 31, 2016 and as a result accelerated depreciation and amortization on the portion of the building that was being repositioned or undergoing capital improvements.
(2)On August 19, 2016, the consolidated entity in which we have a 55% interest and that owns 601 Lexington Avenue located in New York City commenced the redevelopment of the six-story, low-rise office and retail building component of the complex. The redeveloped portion of the low-rise building will contain approximately 195,000 net rentable square feet of Class A office space and approximately 25,000 net rentable square feet of retail space. As a result, during the year ended December 31, 2016, we recorded approximately $50.8 million, including $3.2 million related to the step-up of real estate assets, of accelerated depreciation expense for the portion of the complex that was demolished.
(1)On May 9, 2019, we commenced development of 325 Main Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts. As a result, during the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded approximately $9.9 million of accelerated depreciation expense for the demolition of the building, of which approximately $0.4 million related to the step-up of real estate assets.
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Depreciation and amortization expense decreasedincreased by approximately $73.4$6.7 million for the year ended December 31, 20172020 compared to 2016,2019, as detailed below.
Portfolio Depreciation and Amortization for the year ended December 31,
2017 2016 Change
  (in thousands)
Same Property Portfolio (1) $585,226
 $616,669
 $(31,443)
Properties Placed in-Service Portfolio 15,815
 8,913
 6,902
Properties Acquired Portfolio 5,044
 2,693
 2,351
Properties in Development or Redevelopment Portfolio (2) 3,050
 53,604
 (50,554)
Properties Sold Portfolio 272
 897
 (625)
  $609,407
 $682,776
 $(73,369)
PortfolioDepreciation and Amortization for the year ended December 31,
20202019Change
(in thousands)
Same Property Portfolio$643,902 $636,226 $7,676 
Properties Acquired Portfolio9,285 3,449 5,836 
Properties Placed In-Service Portfolio17,664 2,561 15,103 
Properties in Development or Redevelopment Portfolio (1)1,819 12,002 (10,183)
Properties Sold Portfolio3,996 15,718 (11,722)
$676,666 $669,956 $6,710 
_______________
(1)We commenced several repositioning and capital improvement projects during the year ended December 31, 2016 and as a result accelerated depreciation and amortization on the portion of the building that was being repositioned or undergoing capital improvements.

(1)On May 9, 2019, we commenced development of 325 Main Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts. As a result, during the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded approximately $9.5 million of accelerated depreciation expense for the demolition of the building.
(2)On August 19, 2016, the consolidated entity in which we have a 55% interest and that owns 601 Lexington Avenue located in New York City commenced the redevelopment of the six-story, low-rise office and retail building component of the complex. The redeveloped portion of the low-rise building will contain approximately 195,000 net rentable square feet of Class A office space and approximately 25,000 net rentable square feet of retail space. We recorded approximately $47.6 million of accelerated depreciation expense for the portion of the complex that was demolished.
Direct Reimbursements of Payroll and Related Costs From Management Services Contracts and Payroll and Related Costs From Management Service Contracts
We have determined that amounts reimbursed for payroll and related costs received from third parties in connection with management services contracts should be reflected on a gross basis instead of on a net basis as we have determined that we are the principal under these arrangements. We anticipate that these two financial statement line items will generally offset each other.
Other Income and Expense Items
Income (loss) from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
For the year ended December 31, 20172020 compared to 2016,2019, income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures increaseddecreased by approximately $3.2$131.7 million primarily due to, an approximately $8.1(1) a $60.5 million increase innon-cash impairment charge at our Dock 72 joint venture during the year ended December 31, 2020, (2) a $47.5 million gain on sale of real estate from the sale of 540 Madison Avenue during the year ended December 31, 2019 and the resulting loss of income thereafter, (3) our share of the write-off of accrued rent and accounts receivable of approximately $16.2 million and $1.5 million, respectively for the year ended December 31, 2020, (4) an approximately $3.3 million net loss from our
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Gateway Commons joint venture, primarily due to depreciation and amortization expense and (5) the fully placing in-service of the Hub50House residential property, which is not expected to be stabilized until the first quarter of 2022, decreased our net income which primarily resulted from the joint venture that owns Colorado Center in Santa Monica, California and our 901 New York Avenue joint venture in Washington, DC.by approximately $3.4 million. These increasesdecreases were partially offset by an approximately $4.9$5.8 million decrease in our sharegain on sale of net income, which primarily resultedreal estate from ourthe sale of Annapolis Junction Building Eight and Market Square North joint ventures located in the Washington, DC region.
On July 28, 2017, the joint venture that owns Colorado Center, which we acquired on July 1, 2016, obtained mortgage loan financing, which increased interest expense and reduced the net income for the joint venture. The increase in net income from our 901 New York Avenue joint venture was related to our allocation of income and distributions fortwo undeveloped land parcels during the year ended December 31, 2017. Due2020.
Under ASC 842, the write-off for bad debt, including accrued rent, is recorded as a reduction to lease revenue. As a result, during the year ended December 31, 2020, for our economic ownership interestunconsolidated joint ventures, we wrote off our share of the accrued rent and accounts receivable balances of approximately $16.2 million and $1.5 million, respectively. These write-offs related to tenants that either terminated their leases or for which we determined that their accrued rent and/or accounts receivable balances were no longer probable of collection.
In addition, as a result of COVID-19, for properties owned by our unconsolidated joint ventures, during 2020, the achievementjoint ventures executed lease modification agreements for approximately 1.1 million square feet. As a result of specified investment return thresholds, as providedthese lease modification agreements, our share of the total cash rent abatements and deferrals granted was approximately $9.5 million, of which approximately $7.5 million was related to rental charges for in2020. Although some of the lease modifications were deferrals where we expect the tenant will pay the joint venture agreement,in full primarily in 2021, the majority of the lease modifications involved extending the lease term (in some cases for longer than a disproportionate distribution was made byyear). As a result of the joint venturelease modification agreements that extended the lease term, we expect to us.
The decrease in our share of net income from our Annapolis Junction joint venture is primarily due to a decrease in occupancy andsee an increase in interest expensethe cash rent we will receive in the future.
In April 2020, the FASB staff issued the Lease Modification Q & A related to Annapolis Junction Building One’s mortgage loan having an eventthe application of defaultlease accounting guidance for lease concessions, in accordance with ASC 842, as a result of COVID-19. We did not utilize the guidance provided in the Lease Modification Q & A and commencing October 17, 2016, being charged interest atinstead elected to continue to account for the default interest rate. The decreaseCOVID-19 lease concessions on a lease-by-lease basis in net income from our Market Square North joint venture was primarily related to an increase in depreciation expense. For additional information pertainingaccordance with the existing lease modification accounting framework (See Note 4 to the Annapolis Junction Building One mortgage loan referConsolidated Financial Statements). As such, the accrued rent balances, which are a component of lease revenue, include the accounting impact (adjusted for write-offs) from the rent abatements, deferrals and extensions that were executed during 2020.
The joint ventures expect the volume of lease modifications as a result of COVID-19 to “Item 7—Management’s Discussionstart to decrease. However, the degree to which tenants’ businesses are negatively impacted by COVID-19 could leave some tenants still unable to meet their rental payment obligations and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Capitalization—Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements—Joint Venture Indebtedness.”
Gain on Sale of Investmentresult in Unconsolidated Joint Venture
On October 20, 2016, we and our partnera reduction in thecash flows. Our unconsolidated joint venture that owns Metropolitan Square located in Washington, DC, completed the sale of an 80% interest in the joint ventureventures may write-off additional accrued rent or accounts receivable balances and this could have a material adverse effect on lease revenue. See Item 1A: “Risk Factors” for a gross sale price of approximately $282.4 million, including the assumption by the buyer of its pro rata share of the mortgage loan collateralized by the property totaling approximately $133.4 million. In addition, the buyer agreed to assume certain unfunded leasing costs totaling approximately $14.2 million. Net proceeds to us totaled approximately $58.2 million, resulting in a gain on sale of investment totaling approximately $59.4 million. Prior to the sale, we owned a 51% interest and our partner owned a 49% interest in the joint venture. Following the sale, we continue to own a 20% interest in the joint venture with the buyer owning the remaining 80%additional details. Metropolitan Square is an approximately 607,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property.
Gains on Sales of Real Estate
The gainsGains on sales of real estate may differ between BXP and BPLP as a result of previously applied acquisition accounting by BXP for the issuance of common stock in connection with non-sponsor OP Unit redemptions by BPLP. This accounting resulted in a step-up of the real estate assets at BXP that was allocated to certain properties. The difference between the real estate assets of BXP as compared to BPLP for certain properties having an allocation of the real estate step-up will result in a corresponding difference in the gains on sales of real estate when those properties are sold. For additional information, see the Explanatory Note that follows the cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Boston Properties, Inc.
Gains on sales of real estate decreasedincreased by approximately $72.9$618.3 million for the year ended December 31, 20172020 compared to 2016, respectively,2019, as detailed below.

NameDate SoldProperty TypeSquare FeetSale PriceNet Cash ProceedsGain (Loss) on Sale of Real Estate
(dollars in millions)
2020
601, 611 and 651 GatewayJanuary 28, 2020Office768,000 $350.0 $— $217.7 (1)
New Dominion Technology ParkFebruary 20, 2020Office493,000 256.0 254.0 192.3 
Capital GalleryJune 25, 2020Office455,000 253.7 246.6 203.5 (2)
Crane MeadowDecember 16, 2020LandN/A14.3 14.2 5.2 
$874.0 $514.8 $618.7 (3)
2019
2600 Tower Oaks BoulevardJanuary 24, 2019Office179,000 $22.7 $21.4 $(0.6)
One Tower CenterJune 3, 2019Office410,000 38.0 36.6 (0.8)
164 Lexington RoadJune 28, 2019Office64,000 4.0 3.8 2.5 
Washingtonian NorthDecember 20, 2019LandN/A7.8 7.3 (0.1)
$72.5 $69.1 $1.0 (4)
___________  
(1)On January 28, 2020, we entered into a joint venture with a third party to own, operate and develop properties at our Gateway Commons complex located in South San Francisco. We contributed our 601, 611 and 651 Gateway properties and development rights with an agreed upon value aggregating approximately $350.0 million for our 50% interest in the joint venture (See Notes 3 and 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(2)We completed the sale of a portion of our Capital Gallery property located in Washington, DC. Capital Gallery is an approximately 631,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property. The portion sold was comprised of approximately 455,000 net rentable square feet of commercial office space. We continue to own the land, underground parking garage and remaining commercial office and retail space (See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(3)Excludes approximately $0.2 million of gains on sales of real estate recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020 related to gain amounts from sales of real estate occurring in the prior year.
(4)Excludes approximately $0.3 million of losses on sales of real estate recognized during the year ended December 31, 2019 related to loss amounts from sales of real estate occurring in prior years.

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Name Date sold Property Type Square Feet Sale Price Cash Proceeds Gain on Sale of Real Estate 
        (dollars in millions) 
2017             
30 Shattuck Road April 19, 2017 Land N/A $5.0
 $5.0
 $3.7
 
40 Shattuck Road June 13, 2017 Office 122,000 12.0
 11.9
 —
(1)
Reston Eastgate August 30, 2017 Land N/A 14.0
 13.2
 2.8
 
    $31.0
 $30.1
 $6.5
(2)
2016             
415 Main Street February 1, 2016 Office 231,000 $105.4
 $104.9
 $60.8
 
Broad Run Business Park August 16, 2016 Land N/A 18.0
 17.9
 13.0
 
    $123.4
 $122.8
 $73.8
(3)
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_______________ 
(1)The gain on sale of real estate for this property was $28,000.
(2)Excludes approximately $1.1 million of gains on sale of real estate recognized during the year ended December 31, 2017 related to a previously deferred gain amount from sales of real estate occurring in prior years.
(3)Excludes approximately $6.8 million of a gain on sale of real estate recognized during the year ended December 31, 2016 related to a previously deferred gain amount from the 2014 sale of Patriots Park located in Reston, Virginia.
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Gains on sales of real estate decreasedincreased by approximately $74.5$631.1 million for the year ended December 31, 20172020 compared to 2016, respectively,2019, as detailed below.
NameDate SoldProperty TypeSquare FeetSale PriceNet Cash ProceedsGain (Loss) on Sale of Real Estate
(dollars in millions)
2020
601, 611 and 651 GatewayJanuary 28, 2020Office768,000 $350.0 $— $222.4 (1)
New Dominion Technology ParkFebruary 20, 2020Office493,000 256.0 254.0 197.1 
Capital GalleryJune 25, 2020Office455,000 253.7 246.6 207.0 (2)
Crane MeadowDecember 16, 2020LandN/A14.3 14.2 5.2 
$874.0 $514.8 $631.7 (3)
2019
2600 Tower Oaks BoulevardJanuary 24, 2019Office179,000 $22.7 $21.4 $(0.6)
One Tower CenterJune 3, 2019Office410,000 38.0 36.6 (0.8)
164 Lexington RoadJune 28, 2019Office64,000 4.0 3.8 2.6 
Washingtonian NorthDecember 20, 2019LandN/A7.8 7.3 (0.1)
$72.5 $69.1 $1.1 (4)
Name Date sold Property Type Square Feet Sale Price Cash Proceeds Gain on Sale of Real Estate 
        (dollars in millions) 
2017             
30 Shattuck Road April 19, 2017 Land N/A $5.0
 $5.0
 $3.7
 
40 Shattuck Road June 13, 2017 Office 122,000 12.0
 11.9
 0.6
 
Reston Eastgate August 30, 2017 Land N/A 14.0
 13.2
 2.8
 
    $31.0
 $30.1
 $7.1
(1)
2016             
415 Main Street February 1, 2016 Office 231,000 $105.4
 $104.9
 $63.0
 
Broad Run Business Park August 16, 2016 Land N/A 18.0
 17.9
 13.0
 
    $123.4
 $122.8
 $76.0
(2)
___________  
_______________ (1)On January 28, 2020, we entered into a joint venture with a third party to own, operate and develop properties at our Gateway Commons complex located in South San Francisco. We contributed our 601, 611 and 651 Gateway properties and development rights with an agreed upon value aggregating approximately $350.0 million for our 50% interest in the joint venture (See Notes 3 and 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(1)Excludes approximately $1.1 million of gains on sale of real estate recognized during the year ended December 31, 2017 related to a previously deferred gain amount from sales of real estate occurring in prior years.
(2)Excludes approximately $6.8 million of a gain on sale of real estate recognized during the year ended December 31, 2016 related to a previously deferred gain amount from the 2014 sale of Patriots Park located in Reston, Virginia.
(2)We completed the sale of a portion of our Capital Gallery property located in Washington, DC. Capital Gallery is an approximately 631,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property. The portion sold was comprised of approximately 455,000 net rentable square feet of commercial office space. We continue to own the land, underground parking garage and remaining commercial office and retail space (See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(3)Excludes approximately $0.2 million of gains on sales of real estate recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020 related to gain amounts from sales of real estate occurring in the prior year.
(4)Excludes approximately $0.3 million of losses on sales of real estate recognized during the year ended December 31, 2019 related to loss amounts from sales of real estate occurring in prior years.
Interest and Other Income (Loss)
Interest and other income (loss) decreased by approximately $1.4$13.0 million for the year ended December 31, 20172020 compared to 20162019, due primarily to a decrease in other income of approximately $2.6$11.2 million partially offset by an increase in interest income of approximately $1.2 million. The decrease in other incomewhich was primarily due to a decrease in interest rates.
On January 1, 2020, we adopted ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”) and, as a result, we were required to record an approximately $1.3 million taxallowance for current expected credit that we received from our Washington, DC region and approximately $1.7 millionlosses related to the sale of historic tax credits at The Lofts at Atlantic Wharf in Boston, Massachusetts, in each case during 2016. Neither of these items recurred during 2017. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in the income from a purchase rebate program in which we participate.
On October 20, 2010, we closed a transaction with a financial institution (the “HTC Investor”)our outstanding (1) related party note receivable, (2) notes receivable and (3) off-balance sheet credit exposures (See Note 2 to the historic rehabilitation of The Lofts at Atlantic Wharf in Boston, Massachusetts. The HTC Investor contributed an aggregate of approximately $15 million toConsolidated Financial Statements). For the project. As part of its contribution,year ended December 31, 2020 the HTC Investor received substantially all of the benefits derived from the tax credits. Beginning in July 2012 through July 2016, we

recognized the cash received as revenue over the five-year taxallowance for current expected credit recapture period as defined in the Internal Revenue Code.losses was $1.8 million.
Gains from Investments in Securities
Gains from investments in securities for the yearsyear ended December 31, 20172020 and 20162019 related to investments that we have made to reduce our market risk relating to a deferred compensation planplans that we maintain for BXP's officers.BXP’s officers and former non-employee directors. Under thisthe deferred compensation plan,plans, each officer or non-employee director who is eligible to participate is permitted to defer a portion of the officer’s current income or the non-employee director’s compensation on a pre-tax basis and receive a tax-deferred return on these deferrals based on the performance of specific investments selected by the officer.officer or non-employee director. In order to reduce our
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market risk relating to this plan,these plans, we typically acquire, in a separate account that is not restricted as to its use, similar or identical investments as those selected by each officer.officer or non-employee director. This enables us to generally match our liabilities to BXP’s officers of BXPor former non-employee directors under theour deferred compensation planplans with equivalent assets and thereby limit our market risk. The performance of these investments is recorded as gains from investments in securities. During the yearsyear ended December 31, 20172020 and 2016,2019, we recognized gains of approximately $3.7$5.3 million and $2.3$6.4 million, respectively, on these investments. By comparison, our general and administrative expense increased by approximately $3.7$5.3 million and $2.3$6.4 million during the yearsyear ended December 31, 20172020 and 2016,2019, respectively, as a result of increases in our liability under our deferred compensation planplans that werewas associated with the performance of the specific investments selected by officers and former non-employee directors of BXP participating in the plan.plans.
Gains (Losses)Impairment Loss
Impairment loss may differ between BXP and BPLP as a result of previously applied acquisition accounting by BXP for the issuance of common stock in connection with non-sponsor OP Unit redemptions by BPLP.  This accounting resulted in a step-up of the real estate assets at BXP that was allocated to certain properties.  The difference between the real estate assets of BXP as compared to BPLP for certain properties having an allocation of the real estate step-up will result in a corresponding difference in depreciation expense. For additional information see the Explanatory Note that follows the cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
At March 31, 2019, we evaluated the expected hold period of our One Tower Center property located in East Brunswick, New Jersey and, based on a shorter-than-expected hold period, we reduced the carrying value of the property to its estimated fair value at March 31, 2019 and recognized an impairment loss totaling approximately $24.0 million for BXP and approximately $22.3 million for BPLP. Our estimated fair value was based on a pending offer from a third party to acquire the property and the subsequent execution of a purchase and sale agreement on April 18, 2019 for a gross sale price of approximately $38.0 million. On June 3, 2019, we completed the sale of the property. One Tower Center is an approximately 410,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property. We did not have any impairments during the year ended December 31, 2020.
Loss From Early ExtinguishmentsExtinguishment of Debt
On December 17, 2017,September 18, 2019, BPLP completed the redemption of $850$700.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 3.700%5.625% senior notes due November 15, 2018.2020. The redemption price was approximately $865.5 million, which$740.7 million. The redemption price included approximately $2.8$13.5 million of accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date. Excluding the accrued and unpaid interest, the redemption price was approximately 101.49%103.90% of the principal amount being redeemed. We recognized a loss from early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $13.9$28.0 million, which amount included the payment of the redemption premium totaling approximately $12.7$27.3 million.
On June 7, 2017,December 19, 2019, we used available cash to repay the bond financing collateralized by our consolidated entity in which we have a 60% ownership interest and that owns 767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building) located in New York City completed the refinancing ofDominion Technology Park, Building One property totaling approximately $1.6 billion of indebtedness that had been secured by direct and indirect interests in 767 Fifth Avenue.$26.5 million. The new mortgagebond financing has a principal amount of $2.3 billion, bears interest at a fixed interest rate of 3.43% per annum and matures on June 9, 2027. The loan requires monthly interest-only payments during the 10-year term of the loan, with the entire principal amount due at maturity. The extinguished debt bore interest at a weighted-average fixed rate of approximately 5.96% per annum, an effective GAAP interest rate of approximately 3.03%7.69% per annum and was scheduled to mature on October 7, 2017. There was no prepayment penalty associated with the repayment of the prior indebtedness.January 15, 2021. We recognized a net gain from early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $14.6 million primarily consisting of the acceleration of the remaining balance related to the historical fair value debt adjustment.
On April 24, 2017, BPLP entered into the 2017 Credit Facility (See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Certain lenders, under the prior credit facility, chose to not participate in the 2017 Credit Facility and as such we recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of approximately $0.3 million related to the acceleration of finance fees associated with the prior credit agreement.
On September 1, 2016, we used a portion of the net proceeds from BPLP’s August 2016 offering of senior unsecured notes and available cash to repay the mortgage loan collateralized by our 599 Lexington Avenue property located in New York City totaling $750.0 million. The mortgage loan bore interest at a fixed rate of 5.57% per annum (5.41% per annum including the impact of financing costs and interest rate hedges) and was scheduled to mature on March 1, 2017. There was no prepayment penalty. We recognized a gain from early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $0.4 million consisting of the acceleration of the remaining balance related to the effective portion of a previous interest rate hedging program included within accumulated other comprehensive loss, offset by the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs.
On September 1, 2016, we used a portion of the net proceeds from BPLP’s August 2016 offering of senior unsecured notes and available cash to repay the mortgage loan collateralized by our Embarcadero Center Four property located in San Francisco, California totaling approximately $344.8 million. The mortgage loan bore interest at a fixed rate of 6.10% per annum (7.02% per annum including the impact of financing costs and interest rate hedges) and was scheduled to mature on December 1, 2016. There was no prepayment penalty. We recognized a

loss from early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $0.7$1.5 million, consisting ofwhich amount included the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs and the acceleration of the remaining balance related to the effective portionpayment of a previous interest rate hedging program included within accumulated other comprehensive loss.
Impairment Loss
On September 27, 2016, we executed a letter of intent for the sale of the remaining parcel of land at our Washingtonian Northprepayment penalty totaling approximately $1.4 million. New Dominion Technology Park, Building One is an approximately 235,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property located in Gaithersburg, Maryland. The letterHerndon, Virginia.
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Table of intent caused us to reevaluate our strategy for the land and, based on a shorter than expected hold period, we reduced the carrying value of the land to the estimated net sales price and recognized an impairment loss of approximately $1.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2016.Contents
Interest Expense
Interest expense decreasedincreased by approximately $38.4$19.0 million for the year ended December 31, 20172020 compared to 2016,2019, as detailed below.
Component Change in interest expense for the year ended
December 31, 2017
compared to
December 31, 2016
  (in thousands)
Increases to interest expense due to:  
Issuance of $1.0 billion in aggregate principal of 2.750% senior notes due 2026 on August 17, 2016 $20,801
Refinancing of the debt collateralized by 767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building) 18,998
Utilization of the Unsecured Line of Credit as well as an increase in capacity due to the execution of the 2017 Credit Facility (1) 2,342
Issuance of $850 million in aggregate principal of 3.200% senior notes due 2025 on December 4, 2017 2,080
Issuance of $1.0 billion in aggregate principal of 3.650% senior notes due 2026 on January 20, 2016 1,956
Amortization of deferred financing fees for BPLP’s unsecured debt and credit facility 1,313
Other interest expense (excluding senior notes) 165
Total increases to interest expense 47,655
Decreases to interest expense due to:  
Repayment of mortgage financings (2) (44,900)
Increase in capitalized interest (3) (21,833)
Decrease in the interest for the Outside Members’ Notes Payable for the 767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building) (4) (18,065)
Redemption of $850 million in aggregate principal of 3.700% senior notes due 2018 on December 17, 2017 (1,225)
Total decreases to interest expense (86,023)
Total change in interest expense $(38,368)
_______________  
(1)ComponentSee Note 8Change in interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the Consolidated Financial Statements.December 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Increases to interest expense due to:
(2)Issuance of $1.25 billion in aggregate principal of 3.250% senior notes due 2031 on May 5, 2020Includes the repayment$26,618 
Issuance of the mortgage loans collateralized by Fountain Square, Embarcadero Center Four and 599 Lexington Avenue.$850 million in aggregate principal of 3.400% senior notes due 2029 on June 21, 201913,714 
Issuance of $700 million in aggregate principal of 2.900% senior notes due 2030 on September 3, 201913,666 
Increase in interest due to finance leases that are related to development properties3,695 
Decrease in capitalized interest related to development projects2,665 
Increase in interest due to a finance lease for an in-service property535 
Other interest expense (excluding senior notes)443 
Total increases to interest expense61,336 
Decreases to interest expense due to:
(3)Redemption of $700 million in aggregate principal of 5.625% senior notes due 2020 on September 18, 2019The increase was primarily due to the commencement and continuation of several development projects.
(28,172)
(4)Decrease in interest rates for the 2017 Credit FacilityThe(9,364)
Increase in capitalized interest related to development projects that had finance leases(2,665)
Repayment of a bond financing collateralized by New Dominion Technology Building One(2,135)
Total decreases to interest expense from the Outside Members’ Notes Payable totaled approximately $16.3 million and $34.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These amounts are allocated to the outside joint venture partners as an adjustment to Noncontrolling Interests(42,336)
Total change in Property Partnerships in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. On June 7, 2017, a portion of the outside members’ notes payable was repaid and the remaining portion was contributed as equity in the consolidated entity (See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).interest expense$19,000 

Interest expense directly related to the development of rental properties is capitalized and included in real estate assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortized over the useful lives of the real estate or lease term. As portions of properties are placed in-service, we cease capitalizing interest on that portion and interest is then expensed. Interest capitalized for the years ended December 31, 20172020 and 2016 were2019 was approximately $61.1$53.9 million and $39.2$54.9 million, respectively. These costs are not included in the interest expense referenced above.
On May 5, 2020, BPLP completed a public offering of $1.25 billion in aggregate principal amount of its 3.250% unsecured senior notes due 2031 (See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). We used a portion of the net proceeds from this offering for the repayment of borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Facility.
On February 14, 2021, BPLP completed the redemption of $850.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.125% senior notes due May 15, 2021. The redemption price was approximately $858.7 million, which was equal to par plus approximately $8.7 million of accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date.
At December 31, 2017,2020, our variable rate debt consisted of BPLP’s $2.0 billion 2017unsecured revolving credit facility (the “2017 Credit Facility”), which includes the $500.0 million delayed draw term loan facility (the “Delayed Draw Facility”) and the $1.5 billion revolving line of credit (the “Revolving Facility”). The Delayed Draw Facility of which $45.0had $500.0 million was outstanding atas of December 31, 2017.2020. The Revolving Facility did not have an outstanding balance as of December 31, 2020. For a summary of our consolidated debt as of December 31, 20172020 and December 31, 2019 refer to the heading “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capitalization—Debt Financing” within “Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
Losses from Interest Rate Contracts
On August 17, 2016, in conjunction with BPLP’s offering
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Table of senior unsecured notes, we terminated forward-starting interest rate swap contracts that fixed the 10-year swap rate at a weighted-average rate of approximately 2.423% per annum on notional amounts aggregating $550.0 million. We cash-settled the contracts and made cash payments to the counterparties aggregating approximately $49.3 million. We recognized approximately $0.1 million of losses on interest rate contracts during the year ended December 31, 2016 related to the partial ineffectiveness of the interest rate contracts. We will reclassify into earnings, as an increase to interest expense, approximately $49.2 million (or approximately $4.9 million per year over the 10-year term of the 2.750% senior unsecured notes due 2026) of the amounts recorded on our consolidated balance sheets within accumulated other comprehensive loss, which represents the effective portion of the applicable interest rate contracts.Contents
Noncontrolling Interests in Property Partnerships
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships increaseddecreased by approximately $49.9$22.9 million for the year ended December 31, 20172020 compared to 2016,2019, as detailed below.
Property Noncontrolling Interests in Property Partnerships for the year ended December 31,
2017 2016 Change
  (in thousands)
Salesforce Tower (1) $(528) $(34) $(494)
767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building) (2) (1,913) (26,777) 24,864
Times Square Tower 26,808
 26,777
 31
601 Lexington Avenue (3) 10,317
 (12,462) 22,779
100 Federal Street 3,722
 1,119
 2,603
Atlantic Wharf Office Building 9,426
 9,309
 117
  $47,832
 $(2,068) $49,900
PropertyNoncontrolling Interests in Property Partnerships for the year ended December 31,
20202019Change
(in thousands)
Salesforce Tower (1)$— $116 $(116)
767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building) (2)4,954 2,638 2,316 
Times Square Tower (3)3,535 27,146 (23,611)
601 Lexington Avenue (4)16,575 19,143 (2,568)
100 Federal Street (5)14,313 12,614 1,699 
Atlantic Wharf Office Building (6)8,883 9,463 (580)
$48,260 $71,120 $(22,860)
_______________
(1)See Notes 10 and 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(2)
On June 7, 2017, our consolidated entity in which we have a 60% interest completed the refinancing of indebtedness that had been secured by direct and indirect interests in 767 Fifth Avenue. The net loss allocation was primarily due to the partners’ share of the interest expense for the outside members’ notes payable which was $16.3 million and $34.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. On June 7, 2017, a portion of the outside members’ notes payable was repaid and the remaining portion was contributed as equity in the consolidated entity (See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(3)On August 19, 2016, the consolidated entity in which we have a 55% interest and that owns this property commenced the redevelopment of the six-story low-rise office and retail building component of the complex. The redeveloped portion of the low-rise building will contain approximately 195,000 net rentable square feet of Class A office space and approximately 25,000 net rentable square feet of retail space. We will capitalize incremental costs during the redevelopment. BXP and BPLP recognized approximately $50.8 million and $47.6 million, respectively, of depreciation expense associated with the acceleration of depreciation on the assets being removed from service and demolished as part of the redevelopment of the property. Approximately $21.4 million of those amounts was allocated to the outside partners.

(1)On April 1, 2019, we acquired our partner’s 5% interest and subsequently own 100%.

(2)The increase during the year ended December 31, 2020 was related to above-/below-market lease assets that were fully amortized in 2020.
(3)During the year ended December 31, 2020, we wrote off approximately $26.8 million of accrued rent and accounts receivable balances for tenants that either terminated their leases or for which we determined their accrued rent and/or accounts receivable balances, primarily retail tenants, were no longer probable of collection. Approximately $14.7 million represents our share of the write-offs. As a result of these terminations, lease revenue decreased for the year ended December 31, 2020.
(4)During the year ended December 31, 2020, we wrote off approximately $2.9 million of accrued rent and accounts receivable balances for tenants that either terminated their leases or for which we determined their accrued rent and/or accounts receivable balances, primarily tenants in the retail sector, were no longer probable of collection. Approximately $1.6 million represents our share of the write-offs. As a result of these terminations, lease revenue decreased for the year ended December 31, 2020.
(5)The increase was primarily due to an increase in lease revenue from our tenants.
(6)During the year ended December 31, 2020, we wrote off approximately $0.5 million of accrued rent and accounts receivable balances for tenants whose balances we determined were no longer probable of collection. Approximately $0.3 million represents our share of the write-offs.
Noncontrolling Interest—Common Units of the Operating Partnership
For BXP, noncontrolling interest—common units of the Operating Partnership decreasedincreased by approximately $7.1$38.4 million for the year ended December 31, 20172020 compared to 20162019 due primarily to a decreasesan increase in allocable income, which was the result of recognizing a greater gain on sales of real estate amount during 2016 and2020 partially offset by a decrease in the noncontrolling interest’s ownership percentage. Due to our ownership structure, there is no corresponding line item on BPLP’s financial statements.


Liquidity and Capital Resources
General
Our principal liquidity needs for the next twelve months and beyond are to:
•fund normal recurring expenses;
•meet debt service and principal repayment obligations, including balloon payments on maturing debt;
•fund development/redevelopment costs;
•fund capital expenditures, including major renovations, tenant improvements and leasing costs;
•fund planned and possible acquisitions of properties, either directly or indirectly through the acquisition of equity interests therein, including the acquisition price and promote payment to our partner for its 5% interest in Salesforce Tower;therein;
•fund dividend requirements on BXP’s Series B Preferred Stock; and
•make the minimum distribution required to enable BXP to maintain its REIT qualification under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
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We expect to satisfy these needs using one or more of the following:
•cash flow from operations;
•distribution of cash flows from joint ventures;
•cash and cash equivalent balances;
•BPLP’s 2017 Credit Facility and other Facility;
•short-term bridge facilities;
•construction loans;
•long-term secured and unsecured indebtedness (including unsecured exchangeable indebtedness);
•sales of real estate; and
•issuances of BXP equity securities and/or additional preferred or common units of partnership interest in BPLP.
We draw on multiple financing sources to fund our long-term capital needs. Our current consolidated development properties are expected to be primarily funded with our available cash balances, construction loans and BPLP’s Revolving Facility, while our unconsolidated development projects are expected to be primarily funded with construction loans.Facility. We use BPLP’s Revolving Facility primarily as a bridge facility to fund acquisition opportunities, refinance outstanding indebtedness and meet short-term development and working capital needs. Although we may seek to fund our development projects with construction loans, which may require guarantees by BPLP, the financing for each particular project ultimately depends on several factors, including, among others, the project’s size and duration, the extent of pre-leasing and our available cash and access to cost effective capital at the given time.



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The following table presents information on properties under construction and redevelopment as of December 31, 20182020 (dollars in thousands):
              Financings     
Construction Properties Estimated Stabilization Date Location # of Buildings Estimated Square Feet Investment to Date (1)(2)(3) Estimated Total Investment (1)(2) Total Available (1) Outstanding at 12/31/2018 (1) Estimated Future Equity Requirement (1)(2)(4) Percentage Leased (5) 
Office                     
The Hub on Causeway - Podium (50% ownership) Fourth Quarter, 2019 Boston, MA 1
 385,000
 $119,019
 $141,870
 $102,300
 $59,016
 $—
 88% 
145 Broadway Fourth Quarter, 2019 Cambridge, MA 1
 485,000
 234,919
 366,400
 —
 —
 131,481
 98% 
Dock 72 (50% ownership) Third Quarter, 2020 Brooklyn, NY 1
 670,000
 156,698
 223,000
 125,000
 65,386
 6,688
 33% 
17Fifty Presidents Street Third Quarter, 2020 Reston, VA 1
 276,000
 43,742
 142,900
 —
 —
 99,158
 100% 
20 CityPoint First Quarter, 2021 Waltham, MA 1
 211,000
 54,718
 97,000
 —
 —
 42,282
 63% 
100 Causeway Street (50% ownership) Third Quarter, 2022 Boston, MA 1
 627,000
 54,374
 267,300
 —
 —
 212,926
 70% 
7750 Wisconsin Avenue (Marriott International Headquarters) (50% ownership) Third Quarter, 2022 Bethesda, MD 1
 740,000
 54,194
 198,900
 —
 —
 144,706
 100% 
Reston Gateway Fourth Quarter, 2023 Reston, VA 2
 1,062,000
 34,385
 715,300
 —
 —
 680,915
 80% 
Total Office Properties under Construction   9
 4,456,000
 752,049
 2,152,670
 227,300
 124,402
 1,318,156
 78% 
Residential                     
The Hub on Causeway - Residential (440 units) (50% ownership) Fourth Quarter, 2021 Boston, MA 1
 320,000
 81,540
 153,500
 90,000
 20,235
 2,195
  N/A
 
MacArthur Station Residences (402 units) Fourth Quarter, 2021 Oakland, CA 1
 324,000
 58,984
 263,600
 —
 —
 204,616
  N/A
(6)
Total Residential Properties under Construction   2
 644,000
 140,524
 417,100
 90,000
 20,235
 206,811
  N/A
 
Redevelopment Properties                   
One Five Nine East 53rd Street (55% ownership) Fourth Quarter, 2019 New York, NY —
 220,000
 103,988
 150,000
 —
 —
 46,012
 90%(7)
Total Redevelopment Properties under Construction —
 220,000
 103,988
 150,000
 —
 —
 46,012
 90% 
Total Properties under Construction and Redevelopment 11
 5,320,000
 $996,561
 $2,719,770
 $317,300
 $144,637
 $1,570,979
 78%(8)
Financings
Construction PropertiesEstimated Stabilization DateLocation# of BuildingsEstimated Square FeetInvestment to Date (1)(2)(3)Estimated Total Investment (1)(2)Total Available (1)Outstanding at 12/31/2020 (1)Estimated Future Equity Requirement (1)(2)(4)Percentage Leased (5)
Office
325 Main StreetThird Quarter, 2022Cambridge, MA1 420,000 $181,917 $418,400 $— $— $236,483 90 %
100 Causeway Street (50% ownership)Third Quarter, 2022Boston, MA1 632,000 189,528 267,300 200,000 108,287 — 94 %
7750 Wisconsin Avenue (Marriott International Headquarters) (50% ownership)Third Quarter, 2022Bethesda, MD1 734,000 148,452 198,900 127,500 81,932 4,880 100 %
Reston Next (formerly Reston Gateway)Fourth Quarter, 2023Reston, VA2 1,062,000 372,788 715,300 — — 342,512 85 %
2100 Pennsylvania AvenueThird Quarter, 2024Washington, DC1 480,000 134,071 356,100 — — 222,029 56 %
Total Office Properties under Construction6 3,328,000 1,026,756 1,956,000 327,500 190,219 805,904 86 %
Redevelopment Properties
One Five Nine East 53rd Street (55% ownership)First Quarter, 2021New York, NY— 220,000 137,964 150,000 — — 12,036 96 %(6)
200 West StreetFourth Quarter, 2021Waltham, MA— 138,000 17,028 47,800 — — 30,772 100 %(7)
Total Redevelopment Properties under Construction— 358,000 154,992 197,800 — — 42,808 98 %
Total Properties under Construction and Redevelopment6 3,686,000 $1,181,748 $2,153,800 $327,500 $190,219 $848,712 87 %
___________  
(1)Represents our share.
(2)Investment to Date, Estimated Total Investment and Estimated Future Equity Requirement all include our share of acquisition expenses, as applicable, and reflect our share of the estimated net revenue/expenses that we expect to incur prior to stabilization of the project, including any amounts actually received or paid through December 31, 2018.
(3)Includes approximately $78.7 million of unpaid but accrued construction costs and leasing commissions.
(4)Excludes approximately $78.7 million of unpaid but accrued construction costs and leasing commissions.
(5)Represents percentage leased as of February 22, 2019, including leases with future commencement dates.
(6)Project is subject to a 99-year ground lease (including extension options) with an option to purchase in the future.
(7)The increase in the Estimated Total Investment relates primarily to the costs of executing a thirty-year lease on all of the office space plus costs associated with enhancements to the retail component of the project.
(8)Percentage leased excludes residential units.

(1)Represents our share.
Contractual rental(2)Investment to Date, Estimated Total Investment and Estimated Future Equity Requirement all include our share of acquisition expenses, as applicable, and reflect our share of the estimated net revenue/expenses that we expect to incur prior to stabilization of the project, including any amounts actually received or paid through December 31, 2020.
(3)Includes approximately $81.6 million of unpaid but accrued construction costs and leasing commissions.
(4)Excludes approximately $81.6 million of unpaid but accrued construction costs and leasing commissions.
(5)Represents percentage leased as of February 22, 2021, including leases with future commencement dates.
(6)Represents the low-rise portion of 601 Lexington Avenue.
(7)Represents a portion of the property under redevelopment for conversion to life sciences space.

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Lease revenue (which includes recoveries from tenants,tenants), other income from operations, available cash balances, mortgage financings, unsecured indebtedness and draws on BPLP’s Revolving Facility are the principal sources of capital that we use to fund operating expenses, debt service, maintenance and repositioning capital expenditures, tenant improvements and the minimum distribution required to enable BXP to maintain its REIT qualification. We seek to maximize income from our existing properties by maintaining quality standards for our properties that promote high occupancy rates and permit increases in rental rates while reducing tenant turnover and controlling operating expenses. Our sources of revenue also include third-party fees generated by our property management, leasing and development and construction businesses, as well as the sale of assets from time to time. We believe our revenue, together with our cash balances and proceeds from financing activities,these sources of capital will continue to provide the funds necessary for our short-term liquidity needs, including our properties under development and redevelopment.
Material adverse changes in one or more sources of capital, including from the impacts of COVID-19, may adversely affect our net cash flows. In turn,During the fourth quarter of 2020, our rent collections remained strong as we collected 99.7% of rents from our office tenants and 99.1% of rents from all tenants, including retail tenants. However, COVID-19 resulted in the write-off of accrued rent balances for all remaining co-working tenants. Decreases in parking and other revenue and the continued disruption in operations for our hotel reduced our revenue for the fourth quarter of 2020.
Cash rent abatements and deferrals primarily related to COVID-19 were approximately $19.2 million in the fourth quarter. This amount represents our consolidated cash rent abatements and deferrals plus our share of the cash rent abatements and deferrals from the unconsolidated joint ventures (calculated based on our ownership percentage) minus our partners’ share of cash rent abatements and deferrals from our consolidated joint ventures (calculated based upon the partners’ percentage ownership interests).
To date, these changes couldimpacts have not adversely affectaffected our ability to fund operating expenses, dividends and distributions, debt service payments, maintenance and repositioning capital expenditures and tenant improvements. In addition, aAny future material adverse change in the cash provided by our operations may affect our ability to comply with the financial covenants under BPLP’s 2017 Credit Facility andor its unsecured senior notes.
Our primary uses of capital over the next twelve months will be the completion of our current and committed development and redevelopment projects. Following the redemption of the $850 million aggregate principal amount of BPLP’s 4.125% senior unsecured notes on February 14, 2021, we have no further 2021 debt maturities, other than three loans borrowed by our unconsolidated joint ventures of which our share is approximately $102 million. As of December 31, 2018,2020, our share of the remaining development and redevelopment costs that we expect to fund through 2023 is2024 was approximately $1.6 billion.$849 million. In addition, we have secured an anchor tenantanticipate development/redevelopment starts in 2021 of over $700 million, the majority of which are new life sciences developments and plan to begin the development, in 2019, of 2100 Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, DC, an approximately 470,000 square foot project with an estimated total investment of $360 million and have signed a lease with Google, subject to certain conditions, to expand within Kendall Center, replacing an existing 115,000 net rentable square foot building with an approximately 400,000 net rentable square foot, modern Class A office building.conversions.
AsTo satisfy these capital needs, as of February 22, 2019,2021, we have approximately $318had approximately $517 million of cash and cash equivalents, of which approximately $155 million is attributable to our consolidated joint venture partners.
Although the full impact of COVID-19 on our liquidity and approximately $1.4 billion available under BPLP's Revolving Facility. Wecapital resources, as well as the duration of such impact, will depend on a wide range of factors, all of which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence at this time, we believe that our strong liquidity, including the availabilityapproximately $1.5 billion available under BPLP’sthe Revolving Facility and proceeds from debt financings and asset sales will provideavailable cash, as of February 22, 2021, is sufficient liquidity to fund our remaining capital requirements on existing development and redevelopment projects, fund pending new developmentsrepay our maturing indebtedness when due, satisfy our REIT distribution requirements and still be ableallow us to act opportunistically on attractive investment opportunities. During the fourth quarter, we reduced our overall borrowing cost and extended our debt maturities by refinancing $700.0 million of 5.875% unsecured senior notes that were scheduled to mature on October 15, 2019 with the proceeds from the issuance of $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 4.500% unsecured senior notes maturing in December 2028. Excluding our unconsolidated joint venture assets, we have no debt maturing in 2019.
We also have not sold any shares under BXP'sBXP’s $600.0 million at“at the market (ATM)market” equity offering program.
During 2020 we continued to access various sources of capital, including the sale of more than $920 million of assets generating approximately $538 million of proceeds, the issuance by BPLP in May 2020 of $1.25 billion in aggregate principal amount of its 3.25% senior unsecured notes due 2031 and the completion of $731.6 million of secured debt transactions to refinance maturing debt, of which our share of the aggregate principal is $268.3 million. The refinancing transactions included the following:
•A $250.0 million mortgage loan collateralized by Dock 72, a 669,000 square-foot Class A office property in Brooklyn, New York in which we have a 50% interest. The new loan matures on December 18, 2023.
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•A $125.0 million mortgage loan collateralized by Market Square North, a 418,000 square foot Class A office property in Washington, DC in which we have a 50% interest. The new loan matures on November 10, 2025.
•A $325.0 million mortgage loan collateralized by Metropolitan Square, a 654,000 square foot Class A office property in Washington, DC, in which we have a 20% interest. The new loan matures on July 7, 2022.
We may seek to enhance our liquidity to provide sufficient capacity to meet our debt obligations and to fund our remaining capital requirements on existing development/redevelopment projects, our foreseeable potential development activity, and pursue additional attractive investment opportunities.opportunities and refinance or repay indebtedness. Depending on interest rates and overall conditions in the debt and equity markets, we may decide to access the debteither or both of these markets in advance of the need for the funds. Doing so may result in us carrying additional cash and cash equivalents pending BPLP’sour use of the proceeds, which would increase our net interest expense and it would be dilutive to our earnings by increasing our net interest expense.earnings.
REIT Tax Distribution Considerations
Dividend
BXP as a REIT is subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that BXP currently distribute at least 90% of its annual taxable income (excluding capital gains and with certain other adjustments). Our policy is for BXP to distribute at least 100% of its taxable income, including capital gains, to avoid paying federal tax. On September 18, 2018,December 17, 2019, the Board of Directors of BXP increased our regular quarterly dividend from $0.80$0.95 per common share to $0.95$0.98 per common share, or 18.75%3%, beginning with the thirdfourth quarter of 2018.2019. Common and LTIP unitholders of limited partnership interest in BPLP, as of the close of business on September 28, 2018, received the same total distribution per unit on October 31, 2018.unit.
BXP’s Board of Directors will continue to evaluate BXP’s dividend rate in light of our actual and projected taxable income (including gains on sales), liquidity requirements and other circumstances, including the impact of COVID-19, and there can be no assurance that the future dividends declared by itsBXP’s Board of Directors will not differ materially.

materially from the current quarterly dividend amount.
Sales
To the extent that we sell assets at a gain and cannot efficiently use the proceeds in a tax deferred manner for either our development activities or attractive acquisitions, BXP would, at the appropriate time, decide whether it is better to declare a special dividend, adopt a stock repurchase program, reduce indebtedness or retain the cash for future investment opportunities. Such a decision will depend on many factors including, among others, the timing, availability and terms of development and acquisition opportunities, our then-current and anticipated leverage, the cost and availability of capital from other sources, the price of BXP’s common stock and REIT distribution requirements. At a minimum, we expect that BXP would distribute at least that amount of proceeds necessary for BXP to avoid paying corporate level tax on the applicable gains realized from any asset sales.
From time to time in selected cases, whether due to a change in use, structuring issues to comply with applicable REIT regulations or other reasons, we may sell an asset that is held by a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”). Such a sale by a TRS would be subject to federal and local taxes.
Cash Flow Summary
The following summary discussion of our cash flows is based on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and is not meant to be an all-inclusive discussion of the changes in our cash flows for the periods presented below.
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows aggregated approximately $639.2 million$1.7 billion and $505.4 million$0.7 billion at December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively, representing an increase of approximately $133.8 million.$1.0 billion. The following table sets forth changes in cash flows:
 Year ended December 31,
20202019Increase
(Decrease)
(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities$1,156,840 $1,181,165 $(24,325)
Net cash used in investing activities(613,719)(1,015,091)401,372 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities484,322 (113,379)597,701 
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 Year ended December 31,
2018 2017 Increase
(Decrease)
(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities$1,150,245
 $911,979
 $238,266
Net cash used in investing activities(1,098,876) (882,044) (216,832)
Net cash provided by financing activities82,453
 55,346
 27,107
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Our principal source of cash flow is related to the operation of our properties. The averageweighted-average term of our in-place tenant leases, excluding residential units, was approximately 7.4 years, as of December 31, 2020, including leases signed by our unconsolidated joint ventures, is approximately 7.5 years with occupancy rates historically in the range of 90% to 94%. OurGenerally, our properties generate a relatively consistent stream of cash flow that provides us with resources to pay operating expenses, debt service and fund regular quarterly dividend and distribution payment requirements. In addition, over the past several years, we have raised capital through the sale of some of our properties and through secured and unsecured borrowingsborrowings.
The full extent of the impact of COVID-19 on our business, operations and equity offerings of BXP.financial results will depend on numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict. In addition, we cannot predict the impact that COVID-19 will have on our tenants, employees, contractors, lenders, suppliers, vendors and joint venture partners; any material adverse effect on these parties could also have a material adverse effect on us. See Item 1A: “Risk Factors” for additional details.
Cash is used in investing activities to fund acquisitions, development, net investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and maintenance and repositioning capital expenditures. We selectively invest in new projects that enable us to take advantage of our development, leasing, financing and property management skills and invest in existing buildings to enhance or maintain their market position. Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 20182020 consisted primarily of acquisitions of real estate, development projects, building and tenant improvements and capital contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures, and issuances of notes receivable, partially offset by the proceeds from the sales of real estate.estate and capital distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures. Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 20172019 consisted primarily of the acquisition of real estate, development projects, building and tenant improvements and capital contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures, partially offset by the proceeds from the sale of real estate and capital distributions to/from unconsolidated joint ventures, as detailed below:

Year ended December 31,
Year ended December 31, 20202019
2018 2017 (in thousands)
(in thousands)
Acquisition of real estate (1)$—
 $(15,953)
Acquisitions of real estate (1)Acquisitions of real estate (1)$(137,976)$(149,031)
Construction in progress (2)(694,791) (608,404)Construction in progress (2)(482,507)(546,060)
Building and other capital improvements(189,771) (222,482)Building and other capital improvements(160,126)(180,556)
Tenant improvements(210,034) (205,331)Tenant improvements(234,423)(251,831)
Right of use assets - finance leasesRight of use assets - finance leases— (5,152)
Proceeds from sales of real estate (3)455,409
 29,810
Proceeds from sales of real estate (3)519,303 90,824 
Capital contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures (4)(345,717) (109,015)Capital contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures (4)(172,436)(87,392)
Capital distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures (5)—
 251,000
Capital distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures (5)55,298 136,807 
Deposit on capital lease (6)(13,615) —
Issuance of related party note receivable (7)(80,000) —
Issuance of note receivable (8)(19,455) —
Cash and cash equivalents deconsolidatedCash and cash equivalents deconsolidated— (24,112)
Issuance of notes receivable, netIssuance of notes receivable, net(9,800)— 
Proceeds from note receivableProceeds from note receivable6,397 3,544 
Investments in securities, net(902) (1,669)Investments in securities, net2,551 (2,132)
Net cash used in investing activities$(1,098,876) $(882,044)Net cash used in investing activities$(613,719)$(1,015,091)
Cash used in investing activities changed primarily due to the following:


(1)On May 15, 2017, we acquired 103 Carnegie Center located in Princeton, New Jersey for a purchase price of approximately $16.0 million in cash, including transaction costs.
(2)Construction in progress for the year ended December 31, 2018 includes ongoing expenditures associated with 191 Spring Street, Salesforce Tower, Signature at Reston and Proto Kendall Square, which were fully placed in-service during the year ended December 31, 2018. In addition, we incurred costs associated with our continued development/redevelopment of One Five Nine East 53rd Street, 145 Broadway, 20 CityPoint, 17Fifty Presidents Street, 6595 Springfield Center Drive, Reston Gateway and MacArthur Station Residences.
(1)On June 26, 2020, we completed the acquisition of real property at 777 Harrison Street (known as Fourth + Harrison and formerly known as 425 Fourth Street) located in San Francisco, California for a gross purchase price, including entitlements, totaling approximately $140.1 million. On July 31, 2020 and December 16, 2020, we acquired real property at 759 Harrison Street located in San Francisco, California, which is expected to be included in the Fourth + Harrison development project, for an aggregate purchase price totaling approximately $4.5 million. 759 Harrison Street and Fourth + Harrison are expected to support the development of approximately 850,000 square feet of primarily commercial office space.
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On January 10, 2019, we acquired land parcels at our Carnegie Center property located in Princeton, New Jersey for a gross purchase price of approximately $51.5 million, which includes an aggregate of approximately $8.6 million of additional amounts that are payable in the future to the seller upon the development or sale of each of the parcels. The land parcels will support approximately 1.7 million square feet of development.
On August 27, 2019, we acquired 880 and 890 Winter Street located in Waltham, Massachusetts for a gross
purchase price of approximately $106.0 million in cash, including transaction costs. 880 and 890 Winter
Street consists of two Class A office properties aggregating approximately 392,000 net rentable square feet.
(2)Construction in progress for the year ended December 31, 20172020 includes ongoing expenditures associated with Reservoir Place North, 888 Boylston20 CityPoint, 17Fifty Presidents Street and the Prudential Center retail expansion,The Skylyne, which were completed and fully placed in-service during the year ended December 31, 2017.2020. In addition, we incurred costs associated with our continued development/redevelopment of One Five Nine East 53rd Street, 200 West Street, 325 Main Street, 2100 Pennsylvania Avenue and Reston Next (formerly Reston Gateway).
Construction in progress for the year ended December 31, 2019 includes ongoing expenditures associated with Salesforce Tower, which was placed in-service during the year ended December 31, 2018 and 20 CityPoint and 145 Broadway, which were partially or fully placed in-service during the year ended December 31, 2019. In addition, we incurred costs associated with our continued development/redevelopment of Salesforce Tower,17Fifty Presidents Street, The Skylyne, One Five Nine East 53rd Street, 191 Spring200 West Street, 145 Broadway, 6595 Springfield Center Drive,325 Main Street, 2100 Pennsylvania Avenue and Reston Next (formerly Reston Gateway).
(3)On February 20, CityPoint and MacArthur Station Residences, Proto Kendall Square and Signature at Reston residential projects.
(3)On January 9, 2018, we completed the sale of our 500 E Street, S.W. property located in Washington, DC for a net contract sale price of approximately $118.6 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $116.1 million, resulting in a gain on sale of real estate totaling approximately $96.4 million for BXP and approximately $98.9 million for BPLP. 500 E Street, S.W. is an approximately 262,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property.
On May 24, 2018,2020, we completed the sale of our 91 Hartwell Avenue propertyNew Dominion Technology Park located in Lexington, MassachusettsHerndon, Virginia for a gross sale price of approximately $22.2$256.0 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $21.7$254.0 million, resulting in a gain on sale of real estate totaling approximately $15.5$192.3 million for BXP and approximately $15.9$197.1 million for BPLP. 91 Hartwell AvenueNew Dominion Technology Park is ancomprised of two Class A office properties aggregating approximately 119,000493,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property.feet.
On September 27, 2018,June 25, 2020, we completed the sale of a portion of our Quorum Office ParkCapital Gallery property located in Chelmsford, MassachusettsWashington, DC for a gross sale price of approximately $35.3$253.7 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $34.3$246.6 million, resulting in a gain on sale of real estate totaling approximately $7.9$203.5 million for BXP and approximately $9.2$207.0 million for BPLP. Quorum Office ParkCapital Gallery is an approximately 268,000631,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property. The portion sold is comprised of approximately 455,000 net rentable square feet of commercial office space. We continue to own the land, underground parking garage and remaining commercial office and retail space containing approximately 176,000 net rentable square feet at the property.
On November 30, 2018,December 16, 2020, we completed the sale of our 1333 New Hampshire Avenue propertya parcel of land located in Washington, DCMarlborough, Massachusetts for a gross sale price of approximately $142.0 million, including the retention of a $5.5 million future payment by the anchor tenant.$14.3 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $133.7$14.2 million, resulting in a gain on sale of real estate totaling approximately $44.4 million for BXP and approximately $48.4 million for BPLP. 1333 New Hampshire Avenue is an approximately 315,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property.

$5.2 million.
On December 13, 2018,January 24, 2019, we completed the sale of our 6595 Springfield Center Drive development project located in Springfield, Virginia, for a sale price of approximately $98.1 million, consisting of the land and project costs incurred through the closing date. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $97.1 million. The book value of the property exceeded its estimated fair value prior to the sale, and as a result, we recognized an impairment loss totaling approximately $8.7 million during the three months ended December 31, 2018. 6595 Springfield Center Drive is an approximately 634,000 net rentable square foot Class A office project.
On December 20, 2018, we completed the sale of a 41-acre parcel of land at our2600 Tower Oaks Boulevard property located in Rockville, Maryland for a gross sale price of approximately $46.0$22.7 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $25.9$21.4 million, resulting in a loss on sale of real estate totaling approximately $0.6 million. 2600 Tower Oaks Boulevard is an approximately 179,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property.
On June 3, 2019, we completed the sale of our One Tower Center property located in East Brunswick, New Jersey for a gross sale price of $38.0 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $36.6 million. One Tower Center is an approximately 410,000 net rentable Class A office property.
On June 28, 2019, we completed the sale of our 164 Lexington Road property located in Billerica, Massachusetts for a gross sale price of $4.0 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $3.8 million, resulting in a gain on sale of real estate totaling approximately $15.7 million. We have agreed to provide seller financing to the buyer totaling $21.0$2.5 million whichfor BXP and approximately $2.6 million for BPLP. 164 Lexington Road is collateralized by a portion of the land parcel, bears interest at an effective rate of 1.92% per annum and matures on December 20, 2021.approximately 64,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property.
On April 19, 2017,September 20, 2019, we completed the sale of an approximately 9.5-acre parcel of land at 30 Shattuck Roadsold a 45% interest in our Platform 16 property located in Andover, MassachusettsSan Jose, California for a gross sale price of $5.0approximately $23.1 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $5.0$23.1 million. We ceased accounting for the property on a consolidated basis and now account for the property on an unconsolidated basis using the equity method of accounting as we reduced our ownership interest in the
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property and no longer have a controlling financial or operating interest in the property. We did not recognize a gain on the retained or sold interest in the property as the fair value of the property approximated its carrying value. Platform 16 consists of a 65-year ground lease for land totaling approximately 5.6 acres that will support the development of approximately 1.1 million square feet of commercial office space.
On June 13, 2017,December 20, 2019, we completed the sale of 40 Shattuck Roadthe remaining parcel of land at our Washingtonian North property located in Andover, MassachusettsGaithersburg, Maryland for a gross sale price of $12.0approximately $7.8 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $11.9$7.3 million, resulting in a loss on sale of real estate totaling approximately $0.1 million.
On August 30, 2017, we completed(4)Capital contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures for the saleyear ended December 31, 2020 consisted primarily of cash contributions of approximately $79.3 million, $46.3 million, $27.2 million, $7.5 million and $7.4 million to our Reston Eastgate property located in Reston, Virginia for a gross sale price of $14.0 million.  Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $13.2 million.Platform 16, 3 Hudson Boulevard, Beach Cities Media Campus, Dock 72 and Metropolitan Square joint ventures, respectively.
(4)Capital contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures for the year ended December 31, 2018 consisted primarily of cash contributions of approximately $189.1 million, $47.6 million, $46.9 million, $46.3 million and $11.0 million to our Santa Monica Business Park, 7750 Wisconsin Avenue, 3 Hudson Boulevard, Hub on Causeway and Dock 72 joint ventures, respectively.
Capital contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures for the year ended December 31, 20172019 consisted primarily of cash contributions of approximately $45.4$45.0 million, $38.4$20.4 million, $12.8 million and $21.6$7.2 million to our Hub on Causeway, 3 Hudson Boulevard, Dock 72 and Metropolitan Square joint ventures, respectively.
(5)Capital distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures for the year ended December 31, 2020 consisted of (1) a cash distribution totaling approximately $22.5 million from our Metropolitan Square joint venture resulting from the excess proceeds from the refinancing of the mortgage loan on the property, (2) a cash distribution totaling approximately $17.9 million from our Annapolis Junction joint venture resulting from available cash and the net proceeds from the sale of Annapolis Junction Building Eight and two land parcels after the pay down of the mortgage loan and (3) a cash distribution totaling approximately $14.0 million from our Colorado Center joint venture resulting from the excess proceeds from the mortgage financing on the property that occurred during 2017, which proceeds were released from lender reserves.
Capital distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures for the year ended December 31, 2019 consisted of (1) cash distributions totaling approximately $104.1 million from our 540 Madison Avenue joint venture resulting from the net proceeds from the sale of the property, (2) a cash distribution totaling approximately $17.6 million from our 100 Causeway Street joint venture resulting from the proceeds from the construction loan financing and (3) a cash distribution totaling approximately $15.1 million from our 7750 Wisconsin Avenue joint ventures, respectively.venture resulting from the proceeds from the construction loan financing.
(5)Capital distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures for the year ended December 31, 2017 consisted of a cash distribution of $251.0 million from our Colorado Center joint venture resulting from the proceeds of the new mortgage financing.
(6)Deposit on capital lease reflects the cash deposit made on the portion of the Platform 16 ground lease for which the land was not available for lease from the lessor (See Notes 3 and 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(7)Issuance of related party note receivable consisted of the $80.0 million of mortgage financing that we provided to our unconsolidated joint venture that owns 3 Hudson Boulevard in New York City. The financing bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 3.50% per annum and matures on July 13, 2023, with extension options, subject to certain conditions.
(8)Issuance of note receivable consisted of the $21.0 million of seller financing provided by us to the buyer in connection with the sale of land at our Tower Oaks property located in Rockville, Maryland, which is collateralized by a portion of the land parcel, bears interest at an effective rate of 1.92% per annum and matures on December 20, 2021.
Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 20182020 totaled approximately $82.5$484.3 million. This consisted primarily of the proceeds from BPLP's Delayed Draw Facility totaling $500.0 million and net borrowings from BPLP'sthe issuance by BPLP of $1.25 billion in aggregate principal amount of its 3.250% senior unsecured senior notes and Revolving Facility, partiallydue 2031, partially offset by the payment of our regular dividends and distributions to our shareholders and unitholders.unitholders and distributions to noncontrolling interest holders in property partnerships. Future debt payments are discussed below under the heading “Capitalization—Debt Financing.”

Capitalization
The following table presents Consolidated Market Capitalization and BXP’s Share of Market Capitalization, as well as the corresponding ratios of Consolidated Debt to Consolidated Market Capitalization and BXP’s Share of Debt to BXP’s Share of Market Capitalization (dollars and shares / units in thousands)(in thousands except for percentages):
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 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2020
 Shares / Units Outstanding Common Stock Equivalent Equivalent Value (1) Shares / Units OutstandingCommon Stock EquivalentEquivalent Value (1)
Common Stock 154,458
 154,458
 $17,384,248
 Common Stock155,719 155,719 $14,720,117 
Common Operating Partnership Units 17,775
 17,775
 2,000,576
(2)Common Operating Partnership Units17,373 17,373 1,642,270 (2)
5.25% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock 80
 —
 200,000
 5.25% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock80 — 200,000 
Total Equity   172,233
 $19,584,824
 Total Equity173,092 $16,562,387 
       
Consolidated Debt     $11,007,757
 Consolidated Debt$13,047,758 
Add:       Add:
BXP’s share of unconsolidated joint venture debt (3)     890,574
 BXP’s share of unconsolidated joint venture debt (3)1,153,628 
Subtract:       Subtract:
Partners’ share of Consolidated Debt (4)     (1,204,774) Partners’ share of Consolidated Debt (4)(1,194,619)
BXP’s Share of Debt     $10,693,557
 BXP’s Share of Debt$13,006,767 
       
Consolidated Market Capitalization     $30,592,581
 Consolidated Market Capitalization$29,610,145 
BXP’s Share of Market Capitalization     $30,278,381
 BXP’s Share of Market Capitalization$29,569,154 
Consolidated Debt/Consolidated Market Capitalization     35.98% Consolidated Debt/Consolidated Market Capitalization44.07 %
BXP’s Share of Debt/BXP’s Share of Market Capitalization     35.32% BXP’s Share of Debt/BXP’s Share of Market Capitalization43.99 %
_______________  
(1)Except for the Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, which is valued at the liquidation preference of $2,500 per share, values are based on the closing price per share of BXP’s Common Stock on December 31, 2018 of $112.55.
(2)Includes 991,577 long-term incentive plan units (including 118,067 2012 OPP Units, 68,889 2013 MYLTIP Units, 23,187 2014 MYLTIP Units and 28,724 2015 MYLTIP Units), but excludes MYLTIP Units granted between 2016 and 2018.
(3)See page 109 for additional information.
(4)See page 99 for additional information.

(1)Except for the Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, which is valued at the liquidation preference of $2,500 per share, values are based on the closing price per share of BXP’s Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange on December 31, 2020 of $94.53.
(2)Includes long-term incentive plan units (including 2012 OPP Units and 2013 - 2017 MYLTIP Units), but excludes MYLTIP Units granted between 2018 and 2020.
(3)See page 108 for additional information.
(4)See page 100 for additional information.

Consolidated Debt to Consolidated Market Capitalization Ratio is a measure of leverage commonly used by analysts in the REIT sector. We present this measure as a percentage and it is calculated by dividing (A) our consolidated debt by (B) our consolidated market capitalization, which is the market value of our outstanding equity securities plus our consolidated debt. Consolidated market capitalization is the sum of:
(1)     our consolidated debt; plus
(2)     the product of (x) the closing price per share of BXP common stock on December 31, 2018,2020, as reported by the New York Stock Exchange, multiplied by (y) the sum of:
(i)the number of outstanding shares of common stock of BXP,
(ii)the number of outstanding OP Units in BPLP (excluding OP Units held by BXP),
(iii)the number of OP Units issuable upon conversion of all outstanding LTIP Units, assuming all conditions have been met for the conversion of the LTIP Units, and
(iv)the number of OP Units issuable upon conversion of 2012 OPP Units, 2013 MYLTIP Units, 2014 MYLTIP Units and 2015 MYLTIP Units that were issued in the form of LTIP Units; and
(i)     the number of outstanding shares of common stock of BXP,
(ii)     the number of outstanding OP Units in BPLP (excluding OP Units held by BXP),
(iii)     the number of OP Units issuable upon conversion of all outstanding LTIP Units, assuming all conditions have been met for the conversion of the LTIP Units, and
(iv)     the number of OP Units issuable upon conversion of 2012 OPP Units, 2013 - 2017 MYLTIP Units that were issued in the form of LTIP Units; plus
(3)     the aggregate liquidation preference ($2,500 per share) of the outstanding shares of BXP’s 5.25% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock.

The calculation of consolidated market capitalization does not include LTIP Units issued in the form of MYLTIP Awards unless and until certain performance thresholds are achieved and they are earned. Because their three-year performance periods have not yet ended, 2016, 2017 and 2018 - 2020 MYLTIP Units (See Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements) are not included in this calculation as of December 31, 2018.2020.
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We also present BXP’s Share Debt to BXP'sof Market Capitalization and BXP’s Share of Debt/BXP’s Share of Market Capitalization, ratio, which isare calculated in the same manner, except that BXP’s Share of Debt is utilized instead of our consolidated debt in both the numerator and the denominator. BXP’s Share of Debt is defined as our consolidated debt plus our share of debt from our unconsolidated joint ventures (calculated based upon our ownership percentage), minus our partners’ share of debt from our consolidated joint ventures (calculated based upon the partners’ percentage ownership interests adjusted for basis differentials). Management believes that BXP’s Share of Debt provides useful information to investors regarding our financial condition because it includes our share of debt from unconsolidated joint ventures and excludes our partners’ share of debt from consolidated joint ventures, in each case presented on the same basis. We have several significant joint ventures and presenting various measures of financial condition in this manner can help investors better understand our financial condition and/or results of operations after taking into account our economic interest in these joint ventures.  We caution investors that the ownership percentages used in calculating BXP’s Share of Debt may not completely and accurately depict all of the legal and economic implications of holding an interest in a consolidated or unconsolidated joint venture. For example, in addition to partners’ interests in profits and capital, venture agreements vary in the allocation of rights regarding decision making (both for routine and major decisions), distributions, transferability of interests, financing and guarantees, liquidations and other matters.  Moreover, in some cases we exercise significant influence over, but do not control, the joint venture in which case GAAP requires that we account for the joint venture entity using the equity method of accounting and we do not consolidate it for financial reporting purposes. In other cases, GAAP requires that we consolidate the venture even though our partner(s) own(s) a significant percentage interest.  As a result, presentationsmanagement believes that the presentation of BXP’s Share of a financial measure should not be considered a substitute for, and should only be considered with and as a supplement to our financial information presented in accordance with GAAP.
We present these supplemental ratios because our degree of leverage could affect our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, development or other general corporate purposes and because different investors and lenders consider one or both of these ratios. Investors should understand that these ratios are, in part, a function of the market price of the common stock of BXP and as such will fluctuate with changes in such price, and they do not necessarily reflect our capacity to incur additional debt to finance our activities or our ability to manage our existing debt obligations. However, for a company like BXP, whose assets are primarily income-producing real estate, these ratios may provide investors with an alternate indication of leverage, so long as they are evaluated along with the ratio of indebtedness to other measures of asset value used by financial analysts and other financial ratios, as well as the various components of our outstanding indebtedness.
For a discussion of our unconsolidated joint venture indebtedness, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capitalization—Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements—Joint Venture Indebtedness” within “Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.Operations” and for a discussion of our consolidated joint venture indebtedness see “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capitalization—Mortgage Notes Payable, Net” within “Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
Debt Financing
As of December 31, 2018,2020, we had approximately $11.0$13.0 billion of outstanding consolidated indebtedness, representing approximately 35.98%44.07% of our Consolidated Market Capitalization as calculated above consisting of approximately (1) $7.545$9.6 billion (net of discount and deferred financing fees) in publicly traded unsecured senior notes having a GAAP weighted-average interest rate of 4.04%3.71% per annum and maturities in 20202021 through 2028,2031 (See Notes 8 and 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements), (2) $3.0$2.9 billion (net of deferred financing fees) of property-specific mortgage debt having a GAAP weighted-average interest rate of 3.94%3.89% per annum and a weighted-average term of 7.25.3 years and (3) $498.5$499.4 million (net of deferred financing fees) outstanding under BPLP'sBPLP’s 2017 Credit Facility that matures on April 24, 2022.
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The table below summarizes the aggregate carrying value of our mortgage notes payable and BPLP’s unsecured senior notes, line of credit and term loan, as well as Consolidated Debt Financing Statistics at December 31, 20182020 and December 31, 2017.2019.


December 31,December 31,
2018 201720202019
(dollars in thousands) (dollars in thousands)
Debt Summary:   Debt Summary:
Balance   Balance
Fixed rate mortgage notes payable, net$2,964,572
 $2,979,281
Fixed rate mortgage notes payable, net$2,909,081 $2,922,408 
Unsecured senior notes, net7,544,697
 7,247,330
Unsecured senior notes, net9,639,287 8,390,459 
Unsecured line of credit—
 45,000
Unsecured line of credit— — 
Unsecured term loan, net498,488
 —
Unsecured term loan, net499,390 498,939 
Consolidated Debt11,007,757
 10,271,611
Consolidated Debt13,047,758 11,811,806 
Add:   Add:
BXP's share of unconsolidated joint venture debt, net (1)890,574
 604,845
BXP’s share of unconsolidated joint venture debt, net (1)BXP’s share of unconsolidated joint venture debt, net (1)1,153,628 980,110 
Subtract:   Subtract:
Partners’ share of consolidated mortgage notes payable, net (2)(1,204,774) (1,209,280)Partners’ share of consolidated mortgage notes payable, net (2)(1,194,619)(1,199,854)
BXP’s Share of Debt$10,693,557
 $9,667,176
BXP’s Share of Debt$13,006,767 $11,592,062 
   
December 31,December 31,
2018 201720202019
Consolidated Debt Financing Statistics:   Consolidated Debt Financing Statistics:
Percent of total debt:   Percent of total debt:
Fixed rate95.47% 99.56%Fixed rate96.17 %95.78 %
Variable rate4.53% 0.44%Variable rate3.83 %4.22 %
Total100.00% 100.00%Total100.00 %100.00 %
GAAP Weighted-average interest rate at end of period:   GAAP Weighted-average interest rate at end of period:
Fixed rate4.01% 4.09%Fixed rate3.75 %3.80 %
Variable rate3.36% 2.46%Variable rate1.19 %2.75 %
Total3.99% 4.08%Total3.65 %3.75 %
Coupon/Stated Weighted-average interest rate at end of period:   Coupon/Stated Weighted-average interest rate at end of period:
Fixed rate3.91% 3.98%Fixed rate3.65 %3.69 %
Variable rate3.27% 2.35%Variable rate1.10 %2.66 %
Total3.88% 3.98%Total3.55 %3.65 %
Weighted-average maturity at end of period (in years):   Weighted-average maturity at end of period (in years):
Fixed rate6.1
 6.4
Fixed rate5.5 6.0 
Variable rate3.3
 4.3
Variable rate1.3 2.3 
Total6.0
 6.4
Total5.4 5.9 
_______________
(1)See page 109 for additional information.
(2)See page 99 for additional information.
(1)See page 108 for additional information.
(2)See page 100 for additional information.
Unsecured Credit Facility
On April 24, 2017, BPLP entered into the 2017 Credit Facility. Among other things, the 2017 Credit Facility (1) increased the total commitment of the Revolving Facility from $1.0 billion to $1.5 billion, (2) extended the maturity date from July 26, 2018 to April 24, 2022, (3) reduced the per annum variable interest rates, and (4) added a $500.0$500.0 million Delayed Draw Facility that permitted BPLP to draw until the first anniversary of the closing date. Based on BPLP’s current credit rating, (1) the applicable Eurocurrency margins for the Revolving Facility and Delayed Draw Facility are 82.587.5 basis points and 9095 basis points, respectively, and (2) the facility fee on the Revolving Facility commitment is 0.125%0.15% per annum.
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On April 24, 2018, BPLP exercised its option to draw $500.0 million on its Delayed Draw Facility. The Delayed Draw Facility bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 0.90% per annum based on BPLP'sBPLP’s December 31, 20182020 credit rating and matures on April 24, 2022.

As of December 31, 2018,2020, BPLP had $500.0 million of borrowings outstanding under its Delayed Draw Facility, no borrowings under its Revolving Facility and letters of credit totaling approximately $214,000$2.5 million outstanding with the ability to borrow approximately $1.5 billion under the Revolving Facility. As of February 22, 2021, BPLP had $500.0 million of borrowings outstanding under its Delayed Draw Facility, no borrowings under its Revolving Facility and letters of credit totaling approximately $2.3 million outstanding with the ability to borrow approximately $1.5 billion under the Revolving Facility.
As of February 22, 2019, BPLP had $500.0 million of borrowings outstanding under its Delayed Draw Facility, approximately $50.0 million of borrowings under its Revolving Facility and letters of credit totaling approximately $214,000 outstanding with the ability to borrow approximately $1.4 billion under the Revolving Facility.
Unsecured Senior Notes, Net
For a description of BPLP'sBPLP’s outstanding unsecured senior notes as of December 31, 2018,2020, see Note 7Notes 8 and 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
On November 28, 2018,May 5, 2020, BPLP completed a public offering of $1.0$1.25 billion in aggregate principal amount of its 4.500%3.250% unsecured senior notes due 2028.2031. The notes were priced at 99.641%99.850% of the principal amount to yield an effective rate (including financing fees) of approximately 4.628%3.343% per annum to maturity. The notes will mature on December 1, 2028,January 30, 2031, unless earlier redeemed. The aggregate net proceeds from the offering were approximately $988.1 million$1.24 billion after deducting underwriting discounts and transaction expenses.
On December 13, 2018, BPLP completed the redemption of $700.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 5.875% senior notes due October 15, 2019. The redemption price was approximately $722.6 million. The redemption price included approximately $6.6 million of accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date. Excluding the accrued and unpaid interest, the redemption price was approximately 102.28% of the principal amount being redeemed. We recognized a loss from early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $16.5 million, which amount included the payment of the redemption premium totaling approximately $16.0 million.
The indenture relating to the unsecured senior notes contains certain financial restrictions and requirements, including (1) a leverage ratio not to exceed 60%, (2) a secured debt leverage ratio not to exceed 50%, (3) an interest coverage ratio of greater than 1.50, and (4) an unencumbered asset value of not less than 150% of unsecured debt. At December 31, 2018,2020, BPLP was in compliance with each of these financial restrictions and requirements.
Mortgage Notes Payable, Net
The following represents the outstanding principal balances due under the mortgage notes payable at December 31, 2018:2020:
 
Properties 
Stated
Interest Rate
 
GAAP
Interest Rate (1)
 
Stated
Principal
Amount
 Deferred Financing Costs, Net 
Carrying
Amount
 
Carrying Amount (Partners’ Share)
   Maturity DatePropertiesStated
Interest Rate		GAAP
Interest Rate (1)		Stated
Principal Amount		Deferred Financing Costs, NetCarrying Amount
Carrying Amount (Partners’ Share)
Maturity Date
 (dollars in thousands) (dollars in thousands)
Wholly-owned             Wholly-owned
New Dominion Tech Park, Bldg. One 7.69% 7.84% $29,844
 $(169) $29,675
 N/A
    January 15, 2021
University Place 6.94% 6.99% 5,605
 (34) 5,571
 N/A
    August 1, 2021University Place6.94 %6.99 %$1,500 $(9)$1,491 N/AAugust 1, 2021
     35,449
 (203) 35,246
 N/A
 
Consolidated Joint VenturesConsolidated Joint Ventures           Consolidated Joint Ventures
767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building) 3.43% 3.64% 2,300,000
 (29,466) 2,270,534
 $908,318
 (2)(3)(4) June 9, 2027767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building)3.43 %3.64 %2,300,000 (22,478)2,277,522 $911,088 (2)(3)(4)June 9, 2027
601 Lexington Avenue 4.75% 4.79% 659,879
 (1,087) 658,792
 296,456
 (5) April 10, 2022601 Lexington Avenue4.75 %4.79 %630,486 (418)630,068 283,531 (5)April 10, 2022
     2,959,879
 (30,553) 2,929,326
 1,204,774
 2,930,486 (22,896)2,907,590 1,194,619 
Total     $2,995,328
 $(30,756) $2,964,572
 $1,204,774
    Total$2,931,986 $(22,905)$2,909,081 $1,194,619 
_______________ 
(1)GAAP interest rate differs from the stated interest rate due to the inclusion of the amortization of financing charges and the effects of hedging transactions.
(2)The mortgage loan requires interest only payments with a balloon payment due at maturity.
(3)This property is owned by a consolidated entity in which we have a 60% interest. The partners' share of the carrying amount has been adjusted for basis differentials.

(1)GAAP interest rate differs from the stated interest rate due to the inclusion of the amortization of financing charges and the effects of hedging transactions (if any).
(4)In connection with the refinancing of the loan, we guaranteed the consolidated entity’s obligation to fund various reserves for tenant improvement costs and allowances, leasing commissions and free rent obligations in lieu of cash deposits. As of December 31, 2018, the maximum funding obligation under the guarantee was approximately $116.1 million. We earn a fee from the joint venture for providing the guarantee and have an agreement with our partners to reimburse the joint venture for their share of any payments made under the guarantee (See Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(5)This property is owned by a consolidated entity in which we have a 55% interest.

(2)The mortgage loan requires interest only payments with a balloon payment due at maturity.
(3)This property is owned by a consolidated entity in which we have a 60% interest. The partners’ share of the carrying amount has been adjusted for basis differentials.
(4)In connection with the refinancing of the loan, we guaranteed the consolidated entity’s obligation to fund various reserves for tenant improvement costs and allowances, leasing commissions and free rent obligations in lieu of cash deposits. As of December 31, 2020, the maximum funding obligation under the guarantee was approximately $30.6 million. We earn a fee from the joint venture for providing the guarantee and have an agreement with our partners to reimburse the joint venture for their share of any payments made under the guarantee (See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(5)This property is owned by a consolidated entity in which we have a 55% interest.

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Contractual aggregate principal payments of mortgage notes payable at December 31, 20182020 are as follows:
Principal Payments
 Year(in thousands)
2021$17,276 
2022614,710 
2023— 
2024— 
2025— 
Thereafter2,300,000 
$2,931,986 
 Principal Payments
 Year(in thousands)
2019$19,670
202020,766
202140,182
2022614,710
2023—
Thereafter2,300,000
 $2,995,328

Market Risk
Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. Our future earnings, cash flows and fair values relevant to financial instruments are dependent upon prevalent market interest rates. Our primary market risk results from our indebtedness, which bears interest at fixed and variable rates. The fair value of our debt obligations are affected by changes in the market interest rates. We manage our market risk by matching long-term leases with long-term, fixed-rate, non-recourse debt of similar duration. We continue to follow a conservative strategy of generally pre-leasing development projects on a long-term basis to creditworthy tenants in order to achieve the most favorable construction and permanent financing terms. Approximately 95.5%96.2% of our outstanding debt, excluding our unconsolidated joint ventures, has fixed interest rates, which minimizes the interest rate risk through the maturity of such outstanding debt. We also manage our market risk by entering into hedging arrangements with financial institutions. Our primary objectives when undertaking hedging transactions and derivative positions is to reduce our floating rate exposure and to fix a portion of the interest rate for anticipated financing and refinancing transactions. This in turn, reduces the risks that the variability of cash flows imposes on variable rate debt. Our strategy mitigates against future increases in our interest rates.
At December 31, 2018,2020, our weighted-average coupon/stated rate on our fixed rate outstanding Consolidated Debt was 3.91%3.65% per annum. At December 31, 2018,2020, we had $500.0 million outstanding of consolidated variable rate debt. At December 31, 2018,2020, the GAAP interest rate on our variable rate debt was approximately 3.36%1.19% per annum. If market interest rates on our variable rate debt had been 100 basis points greater, total interest expense would have increased approximately $5.0 million, on an annualized basis, for the year ended December 31, 2018.2020.
Funds from Operations
Pursuant to the revised definition of Funds from Operations adopted by the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“Nareit”), we calculate Funds from Operations, or “FFO,” for each of BXP and BPLP by adjusting net income (loss) attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders and net income (loss) attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders (computed in accordance with GAAP), respectively, for gains (or losses) from sales of properties, impairment losses on depreciable real estate consolidated on our balance sheet, impairment losses on our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures driven by a measurable decrease in the fair value of depreciable real estate held by the unconsolidated joint ventures and our share of real estate-related depreciation and amortization. FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure, but wemeasure. We believe the presentation of FFO, combined with the presentation of required GAAP financial measures, has improvedimproves the understanding of operating results of REITs among the investing public and has helpedhelps make comparisons of REIT operating results more meaningful. Management generally considers FFO to be useful measures for understanding and comparing our operating results because, by excluding gains and losses related to sales of previously depreciated operating real estate assets, impairment losses and real estate asset depreciation and amortization (which can differ across owners of similar assets in similar condition based on

historical cost accounting and useful life estimates), FFO can help investors compare the operating performance of a company’s real estate across reporting periods and to the operating performance of other companies.
Our computation of FFO may not be comparable to FFO reported by other REITs or real estate companies that do not define the term in accordance with the current Nareit definition or that interpret the current Nareit definition differently. We believe that in order to facilitate a clear understanding of our operating results, FFO should be examined in conjunction with net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders and net
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income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership as presented in our Consolidated Financial Statements. FFO should not be considered as a substitute for net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders or net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders (determined in accordance with GAAP) or any other GAAP financial measures and should only be considered together with and as a supplement to our financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.  
The impact that COVID-19 has had on our business, financial position and results of operations during 2020 is discussed throughout this report. The full extent of the impact of COVID-19 on our business, operations and financial results will depend on numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict. The impact of COVID-19 on our revenue, in particular lease, parking and hotel revenue was negatively impacted by COVID-19 for the year ended December 31, 2020, thus negatively impacting our FFO. These decreases are discussed under the heading “Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2020 to the year ended December 31, 2019” within “Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
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Boston Properties, Inc.
The following table presents a reconciliation of net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders to FFO attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 2016, 2015 and 2014:2016:

 Year ended December 31, Year ended December 31,
 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 20202019201820172016
 (in thousands) (in thousands)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders $572,347
 $451,939
 $502,285
 $572,606
 $433,111
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders$862,227 $511,034 $572,347 $451,939 $502,285 
Add:          Add:
Preferred dividends 10,500
 10,500
 10,500
 10,500
 10,500
Preferred dividends10,500 10,500 10,500 10,500 10,500 
Noncontrolling interest—common units of the Operating Partnership 66,807
 52,210
 59,260
 66,951
 50,862
Noncontrolling interest—common units of the Operating Partnership97,704 59,345 66,807 52,210 59,260 
Noncontrolling interest—redeemable preferred units of the Operating Partnership —
 —
 —
 6
 1,023
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships 62,909
 47,832
 (2,068) 149,855
 30,561
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships48,260 71,120 62,909 47,832 (2,068)
Net income 712,563
 562,481
 569,977
 799,918
 526,057
Net income1,018,691 651,999 712,563 562,481 569,977 
Add:          Add:
Depreciation and amortization 645,649
 617,547
 694,403
 639,542
 628,573
Depreciation and amortization683,751 677,764 645,649 617,547 694,403 
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships’ share of depreciation and amortization (73,880) (78,190) (107,087) (90,832) (63,303)Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships’ share of depreciation and amortization(71,850)(71,389)(73,880)(78,190)(107,087)
BXP’s share of depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated joint ventures 54,352
 34,262
 26,934
 6,556
 19,251
BXP’s share of depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated joint ventures80,925 58,451 54,352 34,262 26,934 
Corporate-related depreciation and amortization (1,634) (1,986) (1,568) (1,503) (1,361)Corporate-related depreciation and amortization(1,840)(1,695)(1,634)(1,986)(1,568)
Impairment losses 11,812
 —
 —
 —
 —
Impairment loss on investment in unconsolidated joint venture (1)Impairment loss on investment in unconsolidated joint venture (1)60,524 — — — — 
Impairment lossImpairment loss— 24,038 11,812 — — 
Less:          Less:
Gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture (2)Gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture (2)— — — — 59,370 
Gain on sale of real estate included within (loss) income from unconsolidated joint ventures (3)Gain on sale of real estate included within (loss) income from unconsolidated joint ventures (3)5,958 47,238 8,270 — — 
Gains on sales of real estate 182,356
 7,663
 80,606
 375,895
 168,039
Gains on sales of real estate618,982 709 182,356 7,663 80,606 
Gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture (1) —
 —
 59,370
 —
 —
Gains on sales of real estate included within income from unconsolidated joint ventures (2) 8,270
 —
 —
 —
 —
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships (3) 62,909
 47,832
 (2,068) 48,737
 30,561
Noncontrolling interest—redeemable preferred units of the Operating Partnership —
 —
 —
 6
 1,023
Noncontrolling interests in property partnershipsNoncontrolling interests in property partnerships48,260 71,120 62,909 47,832 (2,068)
Preferred dividends 10,500
 10,500
 10,500
 10,500
 10,500
Preferred dividends10,500 10,500 10,500 10,500 10,500 
Funds from Operations (FFO) attributable to the Operating Partnership common unitholders (including Boston Properties, Inc.) 1,084,827
 1,068,119
 1,034,251
 918,543
 899,094
Funds from Operations (FFO) attributable to the Operating Partnership common unitholders (including Boston Properties, Inc.)1,086,501 1,209,601 1,084,827 1,068,119 1,034,251 
Less:          Less:
Noncontrolling interest—common units of the Operating Partnership’s share of funds from operations 110,338
 108,707
 106,504
 94,828
 91,588
Noncontrolling interest—common units of the Operating Partnership’s share of funds from operations108,310 123,757              110,338 108,707 106,504 
Funds from Operations attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders $974,489
 $959,412
 $927,747
 $823,715
 $807,506
Funds from Operations attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders$978,191 $1,085,844 $974,489 $959,412 $927,747 
Our percentage share of Funds from Operations—basic 89.83% 89.82% 89.70% 89.68% 89.81%Our percentage share of Funds from Operations—basic90.03 %89.77 %89.83 %89.82 %89.70 %
Weighted average shares outstanding—basic 154,427
 154,190
 153,715
 153,471
 153,089
Weighted average shares outstanding—basic155,432 154,582 154,427 154,190 153,715 
 _______________
(1)The gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture consists of the gain on sale of a 31% interest in Metropolitan Square. We continue to own a 20% interest in the joint venture.
(2)
Consists of the portion of income from unconsolidated joint ventures related to the gain on the distribution of Annapolis Junction Building One.
(1)The impairment loss on investment in unconsolidated joint venture consists of an other-than-temporary decline in the fair value below the carrying value of our investment in the Dock 72 unconsolidated joint venture (See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(2)The gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture consists of the gain on sale of a 31% interest in Metropolitan Square. We continue to own a 20% interest in the joint venture.
(3)Consists of the portion of income from unconsolidated joint ventures related to the gain on sale of real estate associated with the sale of Annapolis Junction Building Eight and two land parcels for the year ended December 31, 2020, 540 Madison Avenue for the year ended December 31, 2019 and the gain on the distribution of Annapolis Junction Building One for the year ended December 31, 2018.
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(3)For the year ended December 31, 2015, excludes the noncontrolling interests in property partnerships’ share of a gain on sale of real estate totaling approximately $101.1 million.

Reconciliation to Diluted Funds from Operations: 
 For the years ended December 31, Year ended December 31,
 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 20202019201820172016
 (Dollars in thousands)(in thousands)
 
Income
(Numerator)
 
Shares/Units
(Denominator)
 
Income
(Numerator)
 
Shares/Units
(Denominator)
 
Income
(Numerator)
 
Shares/Units
(Denominator)
 
Income
(Numerator)
 
Shares/Units
(Denominator)
 
Income
(Numerator)
 
Shares/Units
(Denominator)
 Income
(Numerator)		Shares/Units
(Denominator)		Income
(Numerator)		Shares/Units
(Denominator)		Income
(Numerator)		Shares/Units
(Denominator)		Income
(Numerator)		Shares/Units
(Denominator)		Income
(Numerator)		Shares/Units
(Denominator)
Basic Funds from Operations $1,084,827
 171,912
 $1,068,119
 171,661
 $1,034,251
 171,361
 $918,543
 171,139
 $899,094
 170,453
Basic Funds from Operations$1,086,501 172,643 $1,209,601 172,200 $1,084,827 171,912 $1,068,119 171,661 $1,034,251 171,361 
Effect of Dilutive Securities:                    Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Convertible Preferred Units —
 255
 —
 200
 —
 262
 —
 373
 760
 312
Stock based compensation and exchangeable senior notes —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 219
Stock based compensationStock based compensation— 85 — 301 — 255 — 200 — 262 
Diluted Funds from Operations $1,084,827
 172,167
 $1,068,119
 171,861
 $1,034,251
 171,623
 $918,543
 171,512
 $899,854
 170,984
Diluted Funds from Operations$1,086,501 172,728 $1,209,601 172,501 $1,084,827 172,167 $1,068,119 171,861 $1,034,251 171,623 
Less: Noncontrolling interest—common units of the Operating Partnership’s share of diluted Funds from Operations 110,175
 17,485
 108,580
 17,471
 106,341
 17,646
 94,622
 17,668
 91,381
 17,364
Less: Noncontrolling interest—common units of the Operating Partnership’s share of diluted Funds from Operations108,256 17,211 123,541 17,618 110,175 17,485 108,580 17,471 106,341 17,646 
Diluted Funds from Operations attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. (1) $974,652
 154,682
 $959,539
 154,390
 $927,910
 153,977
 $823,921
 153,844
 $808,473
 153,620
Diluted Funds from Operations attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. (1)$978,245 155,517 $1,086,060 154,883 $974,652 154,682 $959,539 154,390 $927,910 153,977 
 _______________
(1)BXP’s share of diluted Funds from Operations was 89.84%, 89.83%, 89.72%, 89.70% and 89.84% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

(1)BXP’s share of diluted Funds from Operations was 90.04%, 89.79%, 89.84%, 89.83% and 89.72% for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.


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Boston Properties Limited Partnership
The following table presents a reconciliation of net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders to FFO attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 2016, 2015 and 2014:2016:
 Year ended December 31, Year ended December 31,
 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 20202019201820172016
 (in thousands) (in thousands)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders $656,903
 $512,866
 $575,341
 $648,748
 $499,129
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders$979,979 $580,102 $656,903 $512,866 $575,341 
Add:          Add:
Preferred distributions 10,500
 10,500
 10,500
 10,500
 10,500
Preferred distributions10,500 10,500 10,500 10,500 10,500 
Noncontrolling interest—redeemable preferred units —
 —
 —
 6
 1,023
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships 62,909
 47,832
 (2,068) 149,855
 30,561
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships48,260 71,120 62,909 47,832 (2,068)
Net income 730,312
 571,198
 583,773
 809,109
 541,213
Net income1,038,739 661,722 730,312 571,198 583,773 
Add:          Add:
Real estate depreciation and amortization 637,891
 609,407
 682,776
 631,549
 620,064
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization676,666 669,956 637,891 609,407 682,776 
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships’ share of depreciation and amortization (73,880) (78,190) (107,087) (90,832) (63,303)Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships’ share of depreciation and amortization(71,850)(71,389)(73,880)(78,190)(107,087)
BPLP’s share of depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated joint ventures 54,352
 34,262
 26,934
 6,556
 19,251
BXP’s share of depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated joint venturesBXP’s share of depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated joint ventures80,925 58,451 54,352 34,262 26,934 
Corporate-related depreciation and amortization (1,634) (1,986) (1,568) (1,503) (1,361)Corporate-related depreciation and amortization(1,840)(1,695)(1,634)(1,986)(1,568)
Impairment losses 10,181
 —
 —
 —
 —
Impairment loss on investment in unconsolidated joint venture (1)Impairment loss on investment in unconsolidated joint venture (1)60,524 — — — — 
Impairment lossImpairment loss— 22,272 10,181 — — 
Less:          Less:
Gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture (2)Gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture (2)— — — — 59,370 
Gain on sale of real estate included within (loss) income from unconsolidated joint ventures (3)Gain on sale of real estate included within (loss) income from unconsolidated joint ventures (3)5,958 47,238 8,270 — — 
Gains on sales of real estate 190,716
 8,240
 82,775
 377,093
 174,686
Gains on sales of real estate631,945 858 190,716 8,240 82,775 
Gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture (1) —
 —
 59,370
 —
 —
Gains on sales of real estate included within income from unconsolidated joint ventures (2) 8,270
 —
 —
 —
 —
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships (3) 62,909
 47,832
 (2,068) 48,737
 30,561
Noncontrolling interest—redeemable preferred units —
 —
 —
 6
 1,023
Noncontrolling interests in property partnershipsNoncontrolling interests in property partnerships48,260 71,120 62,909 47,832 (2,068)
Preferred distributions 10,500
 10,500
 10,500
 10,500
 10,500
Preferred distributions10,500 10,500 10,500 10,500 10,500 
Funds from operations attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders (4) $1,084,827
 $1,068,119
 $1,034,251
 $918,543
 $899,094
Weighted average units outstanding—basic 171,912
 171,661
 171,361
 171,139
 170,453
Funds from Operations attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders (4)Funds from Operations attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders (4)1,086,501 1,209,601 1,084,827 1,068,119 1,034,251 
Weighted average shares outstanding—basicWeighted average shares outstanding—basic172,643 172,200 171,912 171,661 171,361 
 _______________
(1)The gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture consists of the gain on sale of a 31% interest in Metropolitan Square. We continue to own a 20% interest in the joint venture.
(2)Consists of the portion of income from unconsolidated joint ventures related to the gain on the distribution of Annapolis Junction Building One.
(3)For the year ended December 31, 2015, excludes the noncontrolling interests in property partnerships’ share of a gain on sale of real estate totaling approximately $101.1 million.
(4)Our calculation includes OP Units and vested LTIP Units (including vested 2012 OPP Units, vested 2013 MYLTIP Units, vested 2014 MYLTIP Units and vested 2015 MYLTIP Units).

Reconciliation(1)The impairment loss on investment in unconsolidated joint venture consists of an other-than-temporary decline in the fair value below the carrying value of our investment in the Dock 72 unconsolidated joint venture (See Note 6 to Diluted Funds from Operations:the Consolidated Financial Statements).
  For the years ended December 31,
  2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
  (Dollars in thousands)
  
Income
(Numerator)
 
Shares/Units
(Denominator)
 
Income
(Numerator)
 
Shares/Units
(Denominator)
 
Income
(Numerator)
 
Shares/Units
(Denominator)
 
Income
(Numerator)
 
Shares/Units
(Denominator)
 
Income
(Numerator)
 
Shares/Units
(Denominator)
Basic Funds from Operations $1,084,827
 171,912
 $1,068,119
 171,661
 $1,034,251
 171,361
 $918,543
 171,139
 $899,094
 170,453
Effect of Dilutive Securities:                    
Convertible Preferred Units —
 255
 —
 200
 —
 262
 —
 373
 760
 312
Stock based compensation and exchangeable senior notes —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 219
Diluted Funds from Operations $1,084,827
 172,167
 $1,068,119
 171,861
 $1,034,251
 171,623
 $918,543
 171,512
 $899,854
 170,984


Net Operating Income
(2)Thefollowing are reconciliations of Net Income Attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. Common Shareholders to Net Operating Income and Net Income Attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership Common Unitholders to Net Operating Income for the or the fiscal years 2014 through 2018. 
Boston Properties, Inc.
  Year ended December 31,
  2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
  (in thousands)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders $572,347
 $451,939
 $502,285
 $572,606
 $433,111
Add:          
Preferred dividends 10,500
 10,500
 10,500
 10,500
 10,500
Noncontrolling interest—common units of the Operating Partnership 66,807
 52,210
 59,260
 66,951
 50,862
Noncontrolling interest—redeemable preferred units of the Operating Partnership —
 —
 —
 6
 1,023
Noncontrolling interest in property partnerships 62,909
 47,832
 (2,068) 149,855
 30,561
Losses from interest rate contracts —
 —
 140
 —
 —
Interest expense 378,168
 374,481
 412,849
 432,196
 455,743
Impairment losses 11,812
 —
 1,783
 —
 —
Depreciation and amortization expense 645,649
 617,547
 694,403
 639,542
 628,573
Transaction costs 1,604
 668
 2,387
 1,259
 3,140
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts 9,590
 —
 —
 —
 —
General and administrative expense 121,722
 113,715
 105,229
 96,319
 98,937
Less:          
Gains (losses) from early extinguishments of debt (16,490) 496
 (371) (22,040) (10,633)
Gains (losses) from investments in securities (1,865) 3,678
 2,273
 (653) 1,038
Interest and other income 10,823
 5,783
 7,230
 6,777
 8,765
Gains on sales of real estate 182,356
 7,663
 80,606
 375,895
 168,039
Gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture —
 —
 59,370
 —
 —
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures 2,222
 11,232
 8,074
 22,770
 12,769
Direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts 9,590
 —
 —
 —
 —
Development and management services revenue 45,158
 34,605
 28,284
 22,554
 25,316
Net Operating Income $1,649,314
 $1,605,435
 $1,601,302
 $1,563,931
 $1,507,156



Boston Properties Limited Partnership
  Year ended December 31,
  2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
  (in thousands)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders $656,903
 $512,866
 $575,341
 $648,748
 $499,129
Add:          
Preferred distributions 10,500
 10,500
 10,500
 10,500
 10,500
Noncontrolling interest—redeemable preferred units —
 —
 —
 6
 1,023
Noncontrolling interest in property partnerships 62,909
 47,832
 (2,068) 149,855
 30,561
Losses from interest rate contracts —
 —
 140
 —
 —
Interest expense 378,168
 374,481
 412,849
 432,196
 455,743
Impairment losses 10,181
 —
 1,783
 —
 —
Depreciation and amortization expense 637,891
 609,407
 682,776
 631,549
 620,064
Transaction costs 1,604
 668
 2,387
 1,259
 3,140
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts 9,590
 —
 —
 —
 —
General and administrative expense 121,722
 113,715
 105,229
 96,319
 98,937
Less:          
Gains (losses) from early extinguishments of debt (16,490) 496
 (371) (22,040) (10,633)
Gains (losses) from investments in securities (1,865) 3,678
 2,273
 (653) 1,038
Interest and other income 10,823
 5,783
 7,230
 6,777
 8,765
Gains on sales of real estate 190,716
 8,240
 82,775
 377,093
 174,686
Gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture —
 —
 59,370
 —
 —
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures 2,222
 11,232
 8,074
 22,770
 12,769
Direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts 9,590
 —
 —
 —
 —
Development and management services revenue 45,158
 34,605
 28,284
 22,554
 25,316
Net Operating Income $1,649,314
 $1,605,435
 $1,601,302
 $1,563,931
 $1,507,156

Net operating income (“NOI”) is a non-GAAP financial measure equal to net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders and net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders, as applicable, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, plus (1) preferred dividends/distributions, net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, losses from interest rate contracts, interest expense, impairment losses, depreciation and amortization expense, transaction costs, payroll and related costs from management services contracts and corporate general and administrative expense less (2) gains (losses) from early extinguishments of debt, gains (losses) from investments in securities, interest and other income, gains on sales of real estate, gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture consists of the gain on sale of a 31% interest in Metropolitan Square. We continue to own a 20% interest in the joint venture.
(3)Consists of the portion of income from unconsolidated joint ventures direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts and development and management services revenue. We use NOI internally as a performance measure and believe it provides useful information to investors regarding our results of operations and financial condition because, when compared across periods, it reflects the impact on operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs and acquisition and development activity on an unleveraged basis, providing perspective not immediately apparent from net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders and net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders. For example, interest expense is not necessarily linked to the operating performancegain on sale of a real estate assetassociated with the sale of Annapolis Junction Building Eight and is often incurred attwo land parcels for the corporate level as opposedyear ended December 31, 2020, 540 Madison Avenue for the year ended December 31, 2019 and the gain on the distribution of Annapolis Junction Building One for the year ended December 31, 2018.
(4)Our calculation includes OP Units and vested LTIP Units (including vested 2012 OPP Units and vested 2013 - 2017 MYLTIP Units).
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Reconciliation to the property level. Similarly, interest expense may be incurred at the property level even though the financing proceeds may be used at the corporate level (e.g., used for other investment activity). In addition,Diluted Funds from Operations:

 Year ended December 31,
 20202019201820172016
(in thousands)
 Income
(Numerator)		Shares/Units
(Denominator)		Income
(Numerator)		Shares/Units
(Denominator)		Income
(Numerator)		Shares/Units
(Denominator)		Income
(Numerator)		Shares/Units
(Denominator)		Income
(Numerator)		Shares/Units
(Denominator)
Basic Funds from Operations$1,086,501 172,643 $1,209,601 172,200 $1,084,827 171,912 $1,068,119 171,661 $1,034,251 171,361 
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock based compensation— 85 — 301 — 255 — 200 — 262 
Diluted Funds from Operations$1,086,501 172,728 $1,209,601 172,501 $1,084,827 172,167 $1,068,119 171,861 $1,034,251 171,623 
depreciation and amortization expense, because

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Table of historical cost accounting and useful life estimates, may distort operating performance measures at the property level. NOI presented by us may not be comparable to NOI reported by other REITs or real estate companies that define NOI differently.Contents
We believe that, in order to facilitate a clear understanding of our operating results, NOI should be examined in conjunction with net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders and net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders as presented in our Consolidated Financial Statements. NOI should not be considered as a substitute for net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders or net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders (determined in accordance with GAAP) or any other GAAP financial measures and should only be considered together with and as a supplement to our financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Contractual Obligations
As of December 31, 2018,2020, we were subject to contractual payment obligations as described in the table below. 
 Payments Due by Period Payments Due by Period
 Total 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total20212022202320242025Thereafter
 (in thousands) (in thousands)
Contractual Obligations:              Contractual Obligations:
Long-term debt              Long-term debt
Mortgage debt (1) $3,767,352
 $132,157
 $132,153
 $149,599
 $703,301
 $78,890
 $2,571,252
Mortgage debt (1)$3,479,254 $125,811 $703,301 $78,890 $78,890 $78,890 $2,413,472 
Unsecured senior notes (1) 9,242,844
 291,363
 991,363
 1,084,456
 216,925
 1,684,144
 4,974,593
Unsecured senior notes (1)11,603,243 1,174,281 306,750 1,773,969 932,675 1,049,943 6,365,625 
Unsecured line of credit / term loan (1) (2) 554,067
 16,350
 16,350
 16,350
 505,017
 —
 —
Unsecured line of credit / term loan (1) (2)507,188 5,500 501,688 — — — — 
Ground leases 640,370
 11,425
 18,425
 25,310
 8,894
 9,084
 567,232
Tenant obligations (3) (4) 569,066
 398,068
 120,720
 39,456
 2,710
 8,112
 —
Construction contracts on development projects (4) 1,559,895
 797,151
 386,493
 187,108
 161,872
 27,271
 —
Capital lease obligations (1) 64,187
 (1,394) 10,088
 (408) (1,325) (1,705) 58,931
Operating leasesOperating leases620,605 25,092 18,020 10,262 9,277 9,476 548,478 
Tenant obligations (3)Tenant obligations (3)587,789 450,885 97,372 34,286 4,264 739 243 
Construction contracts on development projectsConstruction contracts on development projects904,978 525,405 323,511 53,357 2,705 — — 
Finance leases (4)Finance leases (4)1,457,469 5,896 10,206 9,701 48,518 9,971 1,373,177 
Other obligations 5,011
 4,923
 81
 7
 —
 —
 —
Other obligations11,939 10,756 112 112 112 114 733 
Total Contractual Obligations $16,402,792
 $1,650,043
 $1,675,673
 $1,501,878
 $1,597,394
 $1,805,796
 $8,172,008
Total Contractual Obligations$19,172,465 $2,323,626 $1,960,960 $1,960,577 $1,076,441 $1,149,133 $10,701,728 
 _______________
(1)Amounts include principal and interest payments.
(2)Interest payments are calculated using the December 31, 2018 interest rate of 3.27%.
(3)Committed tenant-related obligations based on executed leases as of December 31, 2018 (tenant improvements and lease commissions).
(4)Includes 100% of the obligations for our consolidated entities and only our share for the unconsolidated joint ventures.

(1)Amounts include principal and interest payments.
(2)Interest payments are calculated using the December 31, 2020 interest rate of 1.10%.
(3)Committed tenant-related obligations based on executed leases as of December 31, 2020 (tenant improvements and lease commissions).
(4)Finance lease payments in 2024 include approximately $38.7 million related to a purchase option that we are reasonably certain we will exercise.
We have various service contracts with vendors related to our property management. In addition, we have certain other contracts we enter into in the ordinary course of business that may extend beyond one year. These contracts include terms that provide for cancellation with insignificant or no cancellation penalties. Contract terms are generally between three and five years. 
During 2018,2020, we paid approximately $340.8$314.2 million to fund tenant-related obligations, including tenant improvements and leasing commissions.
In addition, we and our unconsolidated joint venture partners incurred approximately $513$248 million of new tenant-related obligations associated with approximately 5.83.7 million square feet of second generation leases, which included approximately 340,000 square feet of lease modifications related to COVID-19, or approximately $89$66 per square foot. In addition, we signed leases for approximately 1.4 million276,000 square feet at our development properties.  The tenant-related obligations for the development properties are included within the projects’ “Estimated Total Investment” referred to in “Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources.” In the aggregate, during 2018,2020, we signed

leases for approximately 7.24.0 million square feet of space, including approximately 340,000 square feet of lease modifications related to COVID-19, and incurred aggregate tenant-related obligations of approximately $708$293 million, or approximately $98$72 per square foot.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements—Joint Venture Indebtedness
We have investments in unconsolidated joint ventures with our effective ownership interests ranging from 20% to 60%. ThirteenFourteen of these ventures have mortgage indebtedness. We exercise significant influence over, but do not control, these entities. As a result, we account for them using the equity method of accounting. See also Note 56 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. At December 31, 2018,2020, the aggregate carrying amount of debt, including both our and our partners’ share, incurred by these ventures was approximately $2.0$2.6 billion (of which our proportionate share is approximately $890.6 million)$1.2 billion). The table below summarizes the outstanding debt of these joint venture properties at December 31, 2018.2020. In addition to other guarantees specifically noted in the table, we have
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agreed to customary environmental indemnifications and nonrecourse carve-outs (e.g., guarantees against fraud, misrepresentation and bankruptcy) as well as the completion of development projects on certain of the loans.
Properties 
 Venture
Ownership
%
 
Stated
Interest
Rate
 
GAAP
Interest
Rate (1)
 
Stated
Principal
Amount
 Deferred Financing Costs, Net Carrying Amount Carrying Amount (Our share)   Maturity DatePropertiesVenture Ownership %Stated Interest RateGAAP Interest Rate (1)Stated Principal AmountDeferred Financing Costs, NetCarrying AmountCarrying Amount (Our share) Maturity Date
 (dollars in thousands) (dollars in thousands)
540 Madison Avenue 60% 3.40% 3.51% $120,000
 $(590) $119,410
 $71,646
 (2)(3) June 5, 2023
Santa Monica Business Park 55% 4.06% 4.24% 300,000
 (3,435) 296,565
 163,110
 (2)(4) July 19, 2025Santa Monica Business Park55 %4.06 %4.24 %$300,000 $(2,394)$297,606 $163,683 (2)(3)July 19, 2025
Market Square North 50% 4.85% 4.91% 118,711
 (147) 118,564
 59,282
    October 1, 2020Market Square North50 %2.80 %2.96 %125,000 (1,003)123,997 61,999 (4)November 10, 2025
Annapolis Junction Building Six 50% 4.47% 4.78% 13,076
 (40) 13,036
 6,518
 (5) November 17, 2019Annapolis Junction Building Six50 %2.71 %3.12 %11,996 (51)11,945 5,972 (5)November 16, 2021
Annapolis Junction Building Seven and Eight 50% 4.65% 4.93% 35,445
 (94) 35,351
 17,676
 (6) December 7, 2019
Annapolis Junction Building SevenAnnapolis Junction Building Seven50 %2.60 %2.95 %18,420 (15)18,405 9,203 (6)March 25, 2021
1265 Main Street 50% 3.77% 3.84% 38,956
 (361) 38,595
 19,297
 January 1, 20321265 Main Street50 %3.77 %3.84 %37,334 (306)37,028 18,514 January 1, 2032
Colorado Center 50% 3.56% 3.58% 550,000
 (885) 549,115
 274,557
 (2) August 9, 2027Colorado Center50 %3.56 %3.58 %550,000 (679)549,321 274,660 (2)August 9, 2027
Dock 72 50% 4.61% 5.76% 130,772
 (6,864) 123,908
 61,954
 (2)(7) December 18, 2020Dock 7250 %2.63 %2.85 %196,412 (1,630)194,782 97,391 (2)(7)December 18, 2023
The Hub on Causeway - Podium 50% 4.60% 5.08% 118,032
 (2,586) 115,446
 57,723
 (2)(8) September 6, 2021The Hub on Causeway - Podium50 %2.40 %2.89 %174,329 (687)173,642 86,821 (2)(8)September 6, 2021
The Hub on Causeway - Residential 50% 4.42% 4.70% 40,469
 (1,700) 38,769
 19,385
 (2)(9) April 19, 2022
Hub50HouseHub50House50 %2.15 %2.43 %171,249 (680)170,569 85,284 (2)(9)April 19, 2022
100 Causeway Street100 Causeway Street50 %1.65 %1.86 %216,575 (2,259)214,316 107,158 (2)(10)September 5, 2023
7750 Wisconsin Avenue (Marriott International Headquarters)7750 Wisconsin Avenue (Marriott International Headquarters)50 %1.40 %1.94 %163,863 (3,249)160,614 80,307 (2)(11)April 26, 2023
500 North Capitol Street, NW 30% 4.15% 4.20% 105,000
 (261) 104,739
 31,422
 (2) June 6, 2023500 North Capitol Street, NW30 %4.15 %4.20 %105,000 (143)104,857 31,457 (2)June 6, 2023
901 New York Avenue 25% 3.61% 3.69% 225,000
 (1,072) 223,928
 55,982
    January 5, 2025901 New York Avenue25 %3.61 %3.69 %221,121 (715)220,406 55,102   January 5, 2025
3 Hudson Boulevard 25% 5.83% 5.91% 80,000
 (289) 79,711
 19,928
 (2)(10) July 13, 20233 Hudson Boulevard25 %3.64 %3.72 %80,000 (160)79,840 19,960 (2)(12)July 13, 2023
Metropolitan Square 20% 5.75% 5.81% 160,605
 (133) 160,472
 32,094
    May 5, 2020Metropolitan Square20 %5.40 %6.90 %288,000 (7,417)280,583 56,117 (2)(13)July 7, 2022
Total       $2,036,066
 $(18,457) $2,017,609
 $890,574
    Total$2,659,299 $(21,388)$2,637,911 $1,153,628   
_______________
(1)GAAP interest rate differs from the stated interest rate due to the inclusion of the amortization of financing charges, which includes mortgage recording fees.
(2)The loan requires interest only payments with a balloon payment due at maturity.
(3)Mortgage loan bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 1.10% per annum.
(4)The loan bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 1.28% per annum and matures on July 19, 2025. A subsidiary of the joint venture entered into interest rate swap contracts with notional amounts aggregating $300.0 million through April 1, 2025, resulting in a fixed rate of approximately 4.063% per annum through the expiration of the interest rate swap contracts.
(5)The loan bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.00% per annum and matures on November 17, 2019, with one, one-year extension option, subject to certain conditions. On January 24, 2019, the joint venture extended the loan maturity to November 17, 2020.
(6)The loan bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.35% per annum and matures on December 7, 2019, with three, one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions.

(7)The construction financing bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.25% per annum and matures on December 18, 2020 with two, one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions.
(8)The construction financing bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.25% per annum and matures on September 6, 2021, with two, one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions. In connection with the construction financing, we obtained the right to complete the construction of the garage underneath the project being developed by an affiliate of our joint venture partner and obtain funding from the garage construction lender.  We agreed to guarantee completion of the garage to the construction lender and an affiliate of our partner agreed to reimburse us for our partner’s share of any payments under the guarantee.
(9)The construction financing bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.00% per annum and matures on April 19, 2022, with two, one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions.
(10)We provided $80.0 million of mortgage financing to the joint venture. The loan bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 3.50% per annum and matures on July 13, 2023, with extension options, subject to certain conditions. The loan has been reflected as Related Party Note Receivable on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Environmental Matters(1)GAAP interest rate differs from the stated interest rate due to the inclusion of the amortization of financing charges, which includes mortgage recording fees.
It is our policy(2)The loan requires interest only payments with a balloon payment due at maturity.
(3)The loan bears interest at a variable rate equal to retain independent environmental consultantsLIBOR plus 1.28% per annum and matures on July 19, 2025. A subsidiary of the joint venture entered into interest rate swap contracts with notional amounts aggregating $300.0 million through April 1, 2025, resulting in a fixed rate of approximately 4.063% per annum through the expiration of the interest rate swap contracts.
(4)The loan bears interest at a variable rate equal to conduct(1) the greater of (x) LIBOR or update Phase I environmental assessments (which generally do not involve invasive techniques such(y) 0.50%, plus (2) 2.30% per annum and matures on November 10, 2025, with one, one-year extension option, subject to certain conditions.
(5)The loan bears interest at a variable rate equal to (1) the greater of (x) LIBOR or (y) 0.50%, plus (2) 2.50% per annum and matures on November 16, 2021.
(6)The loan bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.35% per annum and matures on March 25, 2021.
(7)The construction financing has a borrowing capacity of $250.0 million. The construction financing bears interest at a variable rate equal to (1) the greater of (x) LIBOR or (y) 0.25%, plus (2) 2.85% per annum and matures on December 18, 2023.
(8)The construction financing had a borrowing capacity of $204.6 million. On September 16, 2019, the joint venture paid down the construction loan principal balance in the amount of approximately $28.8 million, reducing the borrowing capacity to $175.8 million. The construction financing bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.25% per annum and matures on September 6, 2021, with two, one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions.
(9)The construction financing has a borrowing capacity of $180.0 million. The construction financing bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.00% per annum and matures on April 19, 2022, with two, one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions.
(10)The construction financing has a borrowing capacity of $400.0 million. The construction financing bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 1.50% per annum (LIBOR plus 1.375% per annum upon
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stabilization, as soil or ground water sampling)defined in the loan agreement) and asbestos surveys in connectionmatures on September 5, 2023, with our acquisitiontwo, one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions.
(11)The construction financing has a borrowing capacity of properties. These pre-purchase environmental assessments have not revealed environmental conditions that we believe will have$255.0 million. The construction financing bears interest at a material adverse effectvariable rate equal to LIBOR plus 1.25% per annum and matures on April 26, 2023, with two, one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions.
(12)We provided $80.0 million of mortgage financing to the joint venture. The loan bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 3.50% per annum and matures on July 13, 2023, with extension options, subject to certain conditions. The loan has been reflected as Related Party Note Receivable, Net on our business, assets,Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(13)The loan bears interest at a variable rate equal to (1) the greater of (x) LIBOR or (y) 0.65%, plus (2) 4.75% per annum and matures on July 7, 2022 with two, one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions. The joint venture entered into an interest rate cap agreement with a financial condition, results of operations or liquidity, and we are not otherwise aware of environmental conditions with respectinstitution to our properties that we believe would have such a material adverse effect. However, from timelimit its exposure to time environmental conditions at our properties have required and mayincreases in the future require environmental testing and/or regulatory filings,LIBOR rate at a cap of 3.00% per annum on a notional amount of $325.0 million through July 7, 2022.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements—Joint Venture Contractual Obligations
As of December 31, 2020, we were subject to contractual payment obligations as well as remedial action. 
In February 1999, we (through a joint venture) acquired from Exxon Corporation a property in Massachusetts that was formerly used as a petroleum bulk storage and distribution facility and was known by the state regulatory authority to contain soil and groundwater contamination. We developed an office park on the property. We engaged a specially licensed environmental consultant to oversee the management of contaminated soil and groundwater that was disturbeddescribed in the coursetable below.  The table represents our share of construction. Under the property acquisition agreement, Exxon agreedcontractual obligations.
 Payments Due by Period
 Total20212022202320242025Thereafter
 (in thousands)
Contractual Obligations:
Operating leases (1)$97,051 $587 $838 $849 $861 $896 $93,020 
Tenant obligations (2)21,724 11,094 6,098 — — — 4,532 
Construction contracts on development projects181,357 100,678 43,164 1,421 36,094 — — 
Finance leases (3)270,366 9,945 9,945 10,894 10,980 10,980 217,622 
Total Contractual Obligations$570,498 $122,304 $60,045 $13,164 $47,935 $11,876 $315,174 
 _______________
(1)Operating leases include approximately $61.7 million related to (1) bear the liability arising from releases or discharges of oil and hazardous substances which occurred at the site prior to our ownership, (2) continue monitoring and/or remediating such releases and discharges as necessary and appropriate to comply with applicable requirements, and (3) indemnify us for certain losses arising from preexisting site conditions. Any indemnity claim may be subject to various defenses, and there can be no assurancerenewal options that the amounts paid under the indemnity, if any, would be sufficientjoint venture is reasonably certain it will exercise.
(2)Committed tenant-related obligations based on executed leases as of December 31, 2020 (tenant improvements and lease commissions).
(3)Finance leases include approximately $194.7 million related to cover the liabilities arising from any such releases and discharges. 
Environmental investigations at some of our properties and certain properties owned by our affiliates have identified groundwater contamination migrating from off-site source properties. In each case we engaged a licensed environmental consultant to perform the necessary investigations and assessments, and to prepare any required submittals to the regulatory authorities. In each case the environmental consultant concludedpurchase option that the properties qualify under the regulatory program or the regulatory practice for a status which eliminatesjoint venture is reasonably certain deadlines for conducting response actions at a site. We also believe that these properties qualify for liability relief under certain statutory provisions or regulatory practices regarding upgradient releases. Although we believe that the current or former owners of the upgradient source properties may bear responsibility for some or all of the costs of addressing the identified groundwater contamination, weit will take such further response actions (if any) that we deem necessary or advisable. Other than periodic testing at some of these properties, no such additional response actions are anticipated at this time. 
Some of our properties and certain properties owned by our affiliates are locatedexercise in urban, industrial and other previously developed areas where fill or current or historical use of the areas have caused site contamination. Accordingly, it is sometimes necessary to institute special soil and/or groundwater handling procedures and/or include particular building design features in connection with development, construction and other property operations in order to achieve regulatory closure and/or ensure that contaminated materials are addressed in an appropriate manner. In these situations, it is our practice to investigate the nature and extent of detected contamination, including potential issues associated with contaminant migration, assess potential liability risks and estimate the costs of required response actions and special handling procedures. We then use this information as part of our decision-making process with respect to the acquisition, deal structure and/or development of the property. For example, we own a parcel in Massachusetts which was formerly used as a quarry/asphalt batching facility. Pre-purchase testing indicated that the site contained relatively low levels of certain contaminants. We2028.

have developed an office park on this property. Prior to and during redevelopment activities, we engaged a specially licensed environmental consultant to monitor environmental conditions at the site and prepare necessary regulatory submittals based on the results of an environmental risk characterization. A submittal has been made to the regulatory authorities in order to achieve regulatory closure at this site. The submittal included an environmental deed restriction that mandates compliance with certain protective measures in a portion of the site where low levels of residual soil contamination have been left in place in accordance with applicable laws. 
We expect that resolution of the environmental matters described above will not have a material impact on our business, assets, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. However, we cannot assure you that we have identified all environmental liabilities at our properties, that all necessary remediation actions have been or will be undertaken at our properties, that we will be indemnified, in full or at all, or that we will have insurance coverage in the event that such environmental liabilities arise. 
New Accounting Pronouncements
For a discussion of the new accounting pronouncements that may have an effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements(See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Inflation
Substantially allMost of our leases provide for separate real estate tax and operating expense escalations over a base amount. In addition, many of our leases provide for fixed base rent increases or indexed increases. We believe that inflationary increases in costs may be at least partially offset by the contractual rent increases and operating expense escalations.

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Item 7A—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
The following table presents the aggregate carrying value of our mortgage notes payable, net, unsecured senior notes, net, unsecured line of credit, unsecured term loan, net and our corresponding estimate of fair value as of December 31, 2018.2020. As of December 31, 2018,2020, approximately $10.5$12.5 billion of these borrowings bore interest at fixed rates and therefore the fair value of these instruments is affected by changes in the market interest rates. As of December 31, 2018,2020, the weighted-average interest rate on our variable rate debt was LIBOR plus 0.90% (3.27%0.95% (1.10%) per annum. The following table presents our aggregate fixed rate debt obligations with corresponding weighted-average interest rates sorted by maturity date and our aggregate variable rate debt obligations sorted by maturity date.
The table below does not include our unconsolidated joint venture debt. For a discussion concerning our unconsolidated joint venture debt, see Note 56 to the Consolidated Financial Statements and “Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Capitalization—Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements—Joint Venture Indebtedness.”

202120222023202420252026+TotalEstimated
Fair Value
(dollars in thousands)
Mortgage debt, net
Fixed Rate$13,440 $611,132 $(3,494)$(3,494)$(3,494)$2,294,991 $2,909,081 $3,144,150 
GAAP Average Interest Rate4.99 %4.79 %— %— %— %3.64 %3.89 %
Variable Rate— — — — — — — — 
 Unsecured debt, net
Fixed Rate$839,355 $(10,189)$1,490,888 $692,161 $843,439 $5,783,633 $9,639,287 $10,620,527 
GAAP Average Interest Rate4.29 %— %3.73 %3.92 %3.35 %3.64 %3.71 %
Variable Rate(460)499,850 — — — — 499,390 500,326 
Total Debt$852,335 $1,100,793 $1,487,394 $688,667 $839,945 $8,078,624 $13,047,758 $14,265,003 

 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024+ Total 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
(dollars in thousands)
Mortgage debt, net
Fixed Rate$15,745
 $16,841
 $36,346
 $611,132
 $(3,494) $2,288,002
 $2,964,572
 $2,903,925
GAAP Average Interest Rate5.53% 5.55% 6.61% 4.79% —
 3.64% 3.94%  
Variable Rate—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 Unsecured debt, net
Fixed Rate$(9,401) $690,595
 $841,899
 $(7,635) $1,493,453
 $4,535,786
 $7,544,697
 $7,469,338
GAAP Average Interest Rate—
 5.71% 4.29% —
 3.73% 3.84% 4.04%  
Variable Rate(460) (451) (451) 499,850
 —
 —
 498,488
 500,783
Total Debt$6,344
 $707,436
 $878,245
 $1,103,347
 $1,489,959
 $6,823,788
 $11,007,757
 $10,874,046

On February 14, 2021, BPLP completed the redemption of $850.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.125% senior notes due May 15, 2021. The redemption price was approximately $858.7 million, which was equal to par plus approximately $8.7 million of accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date.
At December 31, 2018,2020, the weighted-average coupon/stated rates on the fixed rate debt stated above was 3.91%3.65% per annum. At December 31, 2018,2020, our outstanding variable rate debt based on LIBOR totaled approximately $500.0 million. At December 31, 2018,2020, the coupon/stated rate on our variable rate debt was approximately 3.27%1.10% per annum. If market interest rates on our variable rate debt had been 100 basis points greater, total interest expense would have increased approximately $5.0 million on an annualized basis, for the year ended December 31, 2018.2020.

The fair value amounts were determined solely by considering the impact of hypothetical interest rates on our financial instruments. Due to the uncertainty of specific actions we may undertake to minimize possible effects of market interest rate increases, this analysis assumes no changes in our financial structure.
Due to the uncertainty of specific actions we may undertake to minimize possible effects of market interest rate increases, this analysis assumes no changes in our financial structure. In the event that LIBOR is discontinued, the interest rate for our variable rate debt and our unconsolidated joint ventures’ variable rate debt and the swap rate for our unconsolidated joint ventures’ interest rate swaps following such event will be based on an alternative variable rate as specified in the applicable documentation governing such debt or swaps or as otherwise agreed upon. Such an event would not affect our ability to borrow or maintain already outstanding borrowings or our unconsolidated joint ventures’ ability to maintain its outstanding swaps, but the alternative variable rate could be higher and more volatile than LIBOR prior to its discontinuance. We understand that LIBOR is expected to remain available through the end of 2021, but may be discontinued or otherwise become unavailable thereafter.

Additional disclosure about market risk is incorporated herein by reference from “Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Market Risk.”

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataData.


BOSTON PROPERTIES, INC. AND BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page
Page
Boston Properties, Inc.
114112
115113
117116
118
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 20162018
119
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 20162018
120
121122
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
123125
124126
126129
127131
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 20162018
128132
Consolidated Statements of Partners’ Capital and Noncontrolling Interests for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 20162018
129133
130135
132138
Boston Properties, Inc.
Financial Statement Schedule—Schedule 3 - Real Estate Investments and Accumulated Depreciation as of December 31, 20182020
184185
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Financial Statement Schedule—Schedule 3 - Real Estate Investments and Accumulated Depreciation as of December 31, 20182020
189190
 
All other schedules for which a provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the SEC are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable, and therefore have been omitted.



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Management’s Report on Internal Control over
Financial Reporting
 
Management of Boston Properties, Inc. is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for Boston Properties, Inc. Boston Properties, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of its principal executive officer and principal financial officer to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of Boston Properties, Inc.’s financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
As of the end of Boston Properties, Inc.’s 20182020 fiscal year, management conducted assessments of the effectiveness of Boston Properties, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on these assessments, management has determined that Boston Properties, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 20182020 was effective.
Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of our assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and the directors of Boston Properties, Inc.; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of Boston Properties, Inc.’s assets that could have a material effect on its financial statements.
The effectiveness of Boston Properties, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 20182020 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report appearing on page 115,113, which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of Boston Properties, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018.2020.

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm



To the Board of Directors and ShareholdersStockholders of
Boston Properties, Inc.:

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Boston Properties, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive income, stockholders’of equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018,2020, including the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018,2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 20182020 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018,2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management'sManagement’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidatedfinancial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable

assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

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Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Impairment Assessments of Long-Lived Assets and Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
As described in Notes 2, 3 and 6 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s total real estate balance was $17,818.8 million and its investments in unconsolidated joint ventures was $1,273.9 million as of December 31, 2020. During 2020, the Company did not recognize an impairment loss related to its long-lived assets and recognized a $60.5 million other-than-temporary-impairment loss related to an investment in unconsolidated joint venture. Management reviews its long-lived assets for indicators of impairment following the end of each quarter and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. This evaluation of long-lived assets is dependent on a number of factors, including when there is an event or adverse change in the operating performance of the long-lived asset or a current expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life or hold period. Management reviews its unconsolidated joint ventures for indicators of impairment on a quarterly basis and records impairment charges when events or circumstances change indicating that a decline in the fair values below the carrying amounts has occurred and such decline is other-than-temporary. This evaluation of the investments in unconsolidated joint ventures is dependent on a number of factors, including the performance of each investment and market conditions. The Company will record an impairment charge if it determines that a decline in the fair value below the carrying amount of an investment in an unconsolidated joint venture is other-than-temporary. The fair value is calculated using discounted cash flows which is subjective and considers assumptions regarding future occupancy, future rental rates, future capital requirements, discount rates and capitalization rates.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the impairment assessments of long-lived assets and investments in unconsolidated joint ventures is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management in identifying the indicators of impairment for long lived assets, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures and evaluating evidence related to identifying the indicators of impairment for long-lived assets; (ii) the significant judgment by management in identifying the indicators of impairment for investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures and evaluating evidence related to the indicators of impairment for investments in unconsolidated joint ventures; (iii) the significant judgment by management when developing the fair value measurement of the investments in unconsolidated joint ventures relating to potential other-than-temporary impairments, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s assumptions related to future occupancy, future rental rates, future capital requirements, discount rate and capitalization rate; and, (iv) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to (i) the identification of the indicators of impairment for long-lived assets, (ii) the identification of the indicators of impairment for investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, and (iii) developing the fair value measurement of the investments in unconsolidated joint ventures in the evaluation of potential other-than-temporary impairments. For the long-lived assets, the procedures included, among others, evaluating the reasonableness of management’s assessment of the indicators of impairment for long lived assets by considering the anticipated hold period, market economic conditions, operating performance of the asset, or evidence obtained in other areas of the audit that may be indicative of an indicator of impairment of the long-lived assets. For the investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, the procedures, included, among others, (i) evaluating the reasonableness of
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management’s identification of changes in the performance of each investment and market conditions indicating that there may be a decline in the fair values of the investments in unconsolidated joint ventures below the carrying amounts has occurred and such decline is other-than-temporary by considering changes in the performance of the investments and market conditions, or evidence obtained in other areas of the audit and (ii) evaluating the reasonableness of aforementioned assumptions, by consideration of the past performance of the investment in unconsolidated joint ventures and whether the assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow model and reasonableness of the assumptions.


/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Boston, Massachusetts
Boston, MAFebruary 26, 2021
February 28, 2019

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1997.




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BOSTON PROPERTIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except for share and par value amounts)
 December 31,
2018		 December 31,
2017
ASSETS   
Real estate, at cost (amounts related to variable interest entities (“VIEs”) of $7,481,015 and $7,172,718 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively)$21,649,896
 $21,096,642
Less: accumulated depreciation (amounts related to VIEs of $(965,500) and $(854,172) at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively)(4,897,777) (4,589,634)
Total real estate16,752,119
 16,507,008
Cash and cash equivalents (amounts related to VIEs of $296,806 and $304,955 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively)543,359
 434,767
Cash held in escrows95,832
 70,602
Investments in securities28,198
 29,161
Tenant and other receivables, net (amounts related to VIEs of $15,519 and $27,057 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively)86,629
 92,186
Related party note receivable80,000
 —
Note receivable19,468
 —
Accrued rental income, net (amounts related to VIEs of $272,466 and $242,589 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively)934,896
 861,575
Deferred charges, net (amounts related to VIEs of $263,402 and $281,678 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively)678,724
 679,038
Prepaid expenses and other assets (amounts related to VIEs of $26,513 and $33,666 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively)80,943
 77,971
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures956,309
 619,925
Total assets$20,256,477
 $19,372,233
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY   
Liabilities:   
Mortgage notes payable, net (amounts related to VIEs of $2,929,326 and $2,939,183 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively)$2,964,572
 $2,979,281
Unsecured senior notes, net7,544,697
 7,247,330
Unsecured line of credit—
 45,000
Unsecured term loan, net498,488
 —
Accounts payable and accrued expenses (amounts related to VIEs of $75,786 and $106,683 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively)276,645
 331,500
Dividends and distributions payable165,114
 139,040
Accrued interest payable89,267
 83,646
Other liabilities (amounts related to VIEs of $200,344 and $164,806 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively)503,726
 443,980
Total liabilities12,042,509
 11,269,777
Commitments and contingencies—
 —
Equity:   
Stockholders’ equity attributable to Boston Properties, Inc.:   
Excess stock, $0.01 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding—
 —
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized;   
5.25% Series B cumulative redeemable preferred stock, $0.01 par value, liquidation preference $2,500 per share, 92,000 shares authorized, 80,000 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017200,000
 200,000
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 250,000,000 shares authorized, 154,537,378 and 154,404,186 issued and 154,458,478 and 154,325,286 outstanding at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively1,545
 1,543
Additional paid-in capital6,407,623
 6,377,908
Dividends in excess of earnings(675,534) (712,343)
Treasury common stock at cost, 78,900 shares at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017(2,722) (2,722)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(47,741) (50,429)
Total stockholders’ equity attributable to Boston Properties, Inc.5,883,171
 5,813,957
Noncontrolling interests:   
Common units of Boston Properties Limited Partnership619,352
 604,739
Property partnerships1,711,445
 1,683,760
Total equity8,213,968
 8,102,456
Total liabilities and equity$20,256,477
 $19,372,233
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BOSTON PROPERTIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except for share and par value amounts)
December 31,
2020		December 31,
2019
ASSETS
Real estate, at cost (amounts related to variable interest entities (“VIEs”) of $6,592,019 and $6,497,031 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)$22,969,110 $22,502,976 
Right of use assets - finance leases (amounts related to VIEs of $21,000 and $21,000 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)237,393 237,394 
Right of use assets - operating leases146,406 148,640 
Less: accumulated depreciation (amounts related to VIEs of $(1,158,548) and $(1,058,495) at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)(5,534,102)(5,266,798)
Total real estate17,818,807 17,622,212 
Cash and cash equivalents (amounts related to VIEs of $340,642 and $280,033 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)1,668,742 644,950 
Cash held in escrows50,587 46,936 
Investments in securities39,457 36,747 
Tenant and other receivables, net (amounts related to VIEs of $10,911 and $28,918 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)77,411 112,807 
Related party note receivable, net77,552 80,000 
Notes receivable, net18,729 15,920 
Accrued rental income, net (amounts related to VIEs of $336,594 and $298,318 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)1,122,502 1,038,788 
Deferred charges, net (amounts related to VIEs of $183,306 and $214,769 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)640,085 689,213 
Prepaid expenses and other assets (amounts related to VIEs of $13,137 and $20,931 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)33,840 41,685 
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures1,310,478 955,647 
Total assets$22,858,190 $21,284,905 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Liabilities:
Mortgage notes payable, net (amounts related to VIEs of $2,907,590 and $2,918,806 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)$2,909,081 $2,922,408 
Unsecured senior notes, net9,639,287 8,390,459 
Unsecured line of credit0 0 
Unsecured term loan, net499,390 498,939 
Lease liabilities - finance leases (amounts related to VIEs of $20,306 and $20,189 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)236,492 224,042 
Lease liabilities - operating leases201,713 200,180 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses (amounts related to VIEs of $23,128 and $45,777 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)336,264 377,553 
Dividends and distributions payable171,082 170,713 
Accrued interest payable106,288 90,016 
Other liabilities (amounts related to VIEs of $158,805 and $140,110 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)412,084 387,994 
Total liabilities14,511,681 13,262,304 
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 10)
Redeemable deferred stock units— 72,966 and 60,676 units outstanding at redemption value at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively6,897 8,365 
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BOSTON PROPERTIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except for share and par value amounts)
December 31,
2020		December 31,
2019
Equity:
Stockholders’ equity attributable to Boston Properties, Inc.:
Excess stock, $0.01 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized, NaN issued or outstanding0 0 
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized;
5.25% Series B cumulative redeemable preferred stock, $0.01 par value, liquidation preference $2,500 per share, 92,000 shares authorized, 80,000 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019200,000 200,000 
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 250,000,000 shares authorized, 155,797,725 and 154,869,198 issued and 155,718,825 and 154,790,298 outstanding at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively1,557 1,548 
Additional paid-in capital6,356,791 6,294,719 
Dividends in excess of earnings(509,653)(760,523)
Treasury common stock at cost, 78,900 shares at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019(2,722)(2,722)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(49,890)(48,335)
Total stockholders’ equity attributable to Boston Properties, Inc.5,996,083 5,684,687 
Noncontrolling interests:
Common units of Boston Properties Limited Partnership616,596 600,860 
Property partnerships1,726,933 1,728,689 
Total equity8,339,612 8,014,236 
Total liabilities and equity$22,858,190 $21,284,905 

















The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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BOSTON PROPERTIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except for per share amounts)
For the year ended December 31,
2018 2017 2016Year ended December 31,
(in thousands, except for per share amounts) 202020192018
Revenue     Revenue
Rental     
LeaseLease$2,646,261 $2,758,014 $— 
Base rent$2,103,723
 $2,049,368
 $2,017,767
Base rent— — 2,103,723 
Recoveries from tenants402,066
 367,500
 358,975
Recoveries from tenants— — 402,066 
Parking and other107,421
 105,000
 100,910
Parking and other70,680 103,534 107,421 
Total rental revenue2,613,210
 2,521,868
 2,477,652
Hotel revenue49,118
 45,603
 44,884
HotelHotel7,478 48,589 49,118 
Development and management services45,158
 34,605
 28,284
Development and management services29,641 40,039 45,158 
Direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts9,590
 —
 —
Direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts11,626 10,386 9,590 
Total revenue2,717,076
 2,602,076
 2,550,820
Total revenue2,765,686 2,960,562 2,717,076 
Expenses     Expenses
Operating     Operating
Rental979,151
 929,977
 889,768
Rental1,017,208 1,050,010 979,151 
Hotel33,863
 32,059
 31,466
Hotel13,136 34,004 33,863 
General and administrative121,722
 113,715
 105,229
General and administrative133,112 140,777 121,722 
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts9,590
 —
 —
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts11,626 10,386 9,590 
Transaction costs1,604
 668
 2,387
Transaction costs1,531 1,984 1,604 
Depreciation and amortization645,649
 617,547
 694,403
Depreciation and amortization683,751 677,764 645,649 
Total expenses1,791,579
 1,693,966
 1,723,253
Total expenses1,860,364 1,914,925 1,791,579 
Other income (expense)     Other income (expense)
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures2,222
 11,232
 8,074
Gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture—
 —
 59,370
Income (loss) from unconsolidated joint venturesIncome (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures(85,110)46,592 2,222 
Gains on sales of real estate182,356
 7,663
 80,606
Gains on sales of real estate618,982 709 182,356 
Interest and other income10,823
 5,783
 7,230
Interest and other income (loss)Interest and other income (loss)5,953 18,939 10,823 
Gains (losses) from investments in securities(1,865) 3,678
 2,273
Gains (losses) from investments in securities5,261 6,417 (1,865)
Impairment losses(11,812) —
 (1,783)
Impairment lossImpairment loss0 (24,038)(11,812)
Loss from early extinguishment of debtLoss from early extinguishment of debt0 (29,540)(16,490)
Interest expense(378,168) (374,481) (412,849)Interest expense(431,717)(412,717)(378,168)
Gains (losses) from early extinguishments of debt(16,490) 496
 (371)
Losses from interest rate contracts—
 —
 (140)
Net income712,563
 562,481

569,977
Net income1,018,691 651,999 712,563 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests     Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships(62,909) (47,832) 2,068
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships(48,260)(71,120)(62,909)
Noncontrolling interest—common units of the Operating Partnership(66,807) (52,210) (59,260)Noncontrolling interest—common units of the Operating Partnership(97,704)(59,345)(66,807)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc.582,847
 462,439
 512,785
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc.872,727 521,534 582,847 
Preferred dividends(10,500) (10,500) (10,500)Preferred dividends(10,500)(10,500)(10,500)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders$572,347
 $451,939
 $502,285
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders$862,227 $511,034 $572,347 
Basic earnings per common share attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders:     Basic earnings per common share attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders:
Net income$3.71
 $2.93
 $3.27
Net income$5.54 $3.31 $3.71 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding154,427
 154,190
 153,715
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding155,432 154,582 154,427 
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders:     Diluted earnings per common share attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders:
Net income$3.70
 $2.93
 $3.26
Net income$5.54 $3.30 $3.70 
Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding154,682
 154,390
 153,977
Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding155,517 154,883 154,682 





The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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BOSTON PROPERTIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands)
 For the year ended December 31,
 2018 2017 2016Year ended December 31,
 (in thousands) 202020192018
Net income $712,563
 $562,481
 $569,977
Net income$1,018,691 $651,999 $712,563 
Other comprehensive income (loss):      Other comprehensive income (loss):
Effective portion of interest rate contracts (3,096) (6,133) (47,144)Effective portion of interest rate contracts(7,848)(6,751)(3,096)
Amortization of interest rate contracts (1) 6,664
 6,033
 3,751
Amortization of interest rate contracts (1)6,697 6,664 6,664 
Other comprehensive income (loss) 3,568
 (100) (43,393)Other comprehensive income (loss)(1,151)(87)3,568 
Comprehensive income 716,131
 562,381
 526,584
Comprehensive income1,017,540 651,912 716,131 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (129,716) (100,042) (57,192)Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(145,964)(130,465)(129,716)
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests (880) 1,922
 5,256
Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interestsOther comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests(404)(507)(880)
Comprehensive income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. $585,535
 $464,261
 $474,648
Comprehensive income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc.$871,172 $520,940 $585,535 
_______________
(1)Amounts reclassified from comprehensive income primarily to interest expense within Boston Properties, Inc.’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.

(1)Amounts reclassified from comprehensive income primarily to interest expense within Boston Properties, Inc.’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.

































































The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands)
BOSTON PROPERTIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
 (in thousands)
 Common StockPreferred StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalDividends in Excess of EarningsTreasury Stock,
at cost		Accumulated Other Comprehensive LossNoncontrolling Interests - Common UnitsNoncontrolling Interests - Property PartnershipsTotal
 SharesAmount
Equity, December 31, 2017154,325 $1,543 $200,000 $6,377,908 $(712,343)$(2,722)$(50,429)$604,739 $1,683,760 $8,102,456 
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle— — — — 4,933 — — 563 — 5,496 
Redemption of operating partnership units to common stock83 2 — 2,878 — — — (2,880)— 0 
Allocated net income for the year— — — — 582,847 — — 66,807 62,909 712,563 
Dividends/distributions declared— — — — (550,971)— — (62,731)— (613,702)
Shares issued pursuant to stock purchase plan6 — — 797 — — — — — 797 
Net activity from stock option and incentive plan44 0 — 1,729 — — — 36,861 — 38,590 
Contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships— — — — — — — — 46,701 46,701 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships— — — — — — — — (82,501)(82,501)
Effective portion of interest rate contracts— — — — — — (2,781)(315)— (3,096)
Amortization of interest rate contracts— — — — — — 5,469 619 576 6,664 
Reallocation of noncontrolling interest— — — 24,311 — — — (24,311)— 0 
Equity, December 31, 2018154,458 1,545 200,000 6,407,623 (675,534)(2,722)(47,741)619,352 1,711,445 8,213,968 
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle— — — — (3,864)— — (445)(70)(4,379)
Redemption of operating partnership units to common stock145 2 — 4,883 — — — (4,885)— 0 
Allocated net income for the period— — — — 521,534 — — 59,345 71,120 651,999 
Dividends/distributions declared— — — — (602,659)— — (69,234)— (671,893)
Shares issued pursuant to stock purchase plan6 — — 688 — — — — — 688 
Net activity from stock option and incentive plan181 1 — 8,771 — — — 36,228 — 45,000 
Sale of an interest in property partnerships— — — (4,216)— — — — 4,216 0 
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest in property partnerships— — — (162,462)— — — — (24,501)(186,963)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships— — — — — — — — 35,816 35,816 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships— — — — — — — — (69,913)(69,913)
Effective portion of interest rate contracts— — — — — — (6,060)(691)— (6,751)
Amortization of interest rate contracts— — — — — — 5,466 622 576 6,664 
Reallocation of noncontrolling interest— — — 39,432 — — — (39,432)— 0 
Equity, December 31, 2019154,790 1,548 200,000 6,294,719 (760,523)(2,722)(48,335)600,860 1,728,689 8,014,236 
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BOSTON PROPERTIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(in thousands)
BOSTON PROPERTIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(in thousands)
Common StockPreferred StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalDividends in Excess of EarningsTreasury Stock,
at cost		Accumulated Other Comprehensive LossNoncontrolling Interests - Common UnitsNoncontrolling Interests - Property PartnershipsTotal
SharesAmount
Common Stock Preferred Stock 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Dividends in
Excess of
Earnings
 
Treasury
Stock,
at cost
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
Noncontrolling
Interests
 Total
Shares Amount 
Equity, December 31, 2015153,580
 $1,536
 $200,000
 $6,305,687
 $(780,952) $(2,722) $(14,114) $2,177,492
 $7,886,927
Redemption of operating partnership units to common stock191
 2
 —
 6,459
 —
 —
 —
 (6,461) —
Allocated net income for the year—
 —
 —
 —
 512,785
 —
 —
 57,192
 569,977
Dividends/distributions declared—
 —
 —
 —
 (425,527) —
 —
 (49,087) (474,614)
Shares issued pursuant to stock purchase plan6
 —
 —
 730
 —
 —
 —
 —
 730
Net activity from stock option and incentive plan13
 —
 —
 3,979
 —
 —
 —
 27,931
 31,910
Sale of interests in property partnerships—
 —
 —
 1,195
 —
 —
 —
 (1,195) —
Contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 11,951
 11,951
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (51,564) (51,564)
Effective portion of interest rate contracts—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (41,502) (5,642) (47,144)
Amortization of interest rate contracts—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 3,365
 386
 3,751
Reallocation of noncontrolling interest—
 —
 —
 15,374
 —
 —
 —
 (15,374) —
Equity, December 31, 2016153,790
 1,538
 200,000
 6,333,424
 (693,694) (2,722) (52,251) 2,145,629
 7,931,924
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle—
 —
 —
 —
 (272) —
 —
 (1,763) (2,035)Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle— — — — (1,505)— — (174)— (1,679)
Redemption of operating partnership units to common stock495
 5
 —
 16,911
 —
 —
 —
 (16,916) —
Redemption of operating partnership units to common stock857 9 — 29,689 — — — (29,698)— 0 
Allocated net income for the year—
 —
 —
 —
 462,439
 —
 —
 100,042
 562,481
Allocated net income for the periodAllocated net income for the period— — — — 872,727 — — 97,704 48,260 1,018,691 
Dividends/distributions declared—
 —
 —
 —
 (480,816) —
 —
 (54,494) (535,310)Dividends/distributions declared— — — — (620,352)— — (68,921)— (689,273)
Shares issued pursuant to stock purchase plan6
 —
 —
 795
 —
 —
 —
 —
 795
Shares issued pursuant to stock purchase plan7 — — 759 — — — — — 759 
Net activity from stock option and incentive plan34
 —
 —
 3,899
 —
 —
 —
 33,393
 37,292
Net activity from stock option and incentive plan65 0 — 9,303 — — — 39,318 — 48,621 
Contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 161,585
 161,585
Contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships— — — — — — — — 8,219 8,219 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (54,176) (54,176)Distributions to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships— — — — — — — — (58,811)(58,811)
Effective portion of interest rate contracts—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (3,305) (2,828) (6,133)Effective portion of interest rate contracts— — — — — — (7,066)(782)— (7,848)
Amortization of interest rate contracts—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 5,127
 906
 6,033
Amortization of interest rate contracts— — — — — — 5,511 610 576 6,697 
Reallocation of noncontrolling interest—
 —
 —
 22,879
 —
 —
 —
 (22,879) —
Reallocation of noncontrolling interest— — — 22,321 — — — (22,321)— 0 
Equity, December 31, 2017154,325
 1,543
 200,000
 6,377,908
 (712,343) (2,722) (50,429) 2,288,499
 8,102,456
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle—
 —
 —
 —
 4,933
 —
 —
 563
 5,496
Redemption of operating partnership units to common stock83
 2
 —
 2,878
 —
 —
 —
 (2,880) —
Allocated net income for the year—
 —
 —
 —
 582,847
 —
 —
 129,716
 712,563
Dividends/distributions declared—
 —
 —
 —
 (550,971) —
 —
 (62,731) (613,702)
Shares issued pursuant to stock purchase plan6
 —
 —
 797
 —
 —
 —
 —
 797
Net activity from stock option and incentive plan44
 —
 —
 1,729
 —
 —
 —
 36,861
 38,590
Contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 46,701
 46,701
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (82,501) (82,501)
Effective portion of interest rate contracts—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (2,781) (315) (3,096)
Amortization of interest rate contracts—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 5,469
 1,195
 6,664
Reallocation of noncontrolling interest—
 —
 —
 24,311
 —
 —
 —
 (24,311) —
Equity, December 31, 2018154,458
 $1,545
 $200,000
 $6,407,623
 $(675,534) $(2,722) $(47,741) $2,330,797
 $8,213,968
Equity, December 31, 2020Equity, December 31, 2020155,719 $1,557 $200,000 $6,356,791 $(509,653)$(2,722)$(49,890)$616,596 $1,726,933 $8,339,612 










The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
BOSTON PROPERTIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
 Year ended December 31,
 202020192018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income$1,018,691 $651,999 $712,563 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization683,751 677,764 645,649 
Amortization of right of use assets - operating leases2,234 2,412 0 
Impairment losses0 24,038 11,812 
Non-cash compensation expense44,142 40,958 40,117 
Loss (income) from unconsolidated joint ventures85,110 (46,592)(2,222)
Distributions of net cash flow from operations of unconsolidated joint ventures31,892 17,155 6,703 
(Gains) losses from investments in securities(5,261)(6,417)1,865 
Allowance for current expected credit losses1,849 0 0 
Non-cash portion of interest expense23,384 22,254 21,303 
Settlement of accreted debt discount on redemption of unsecured senior notes0 (763)(483)
Losses from early extinguishments of debt0 29,540 16,490 
Gains on sales of real estate(618,982)(709)(182,356)
Change in assets and liabilities:
Tenant and other receivables, net22,550 (24,876)29,204 
Notes receivable, net(19)4 (13)
Accrued rental income, net(97,099)(56,817)(43,662)
Prepaid expenses and other assets12,488 2,965 12,472 
Lease liabilities - finance leases568 0 0 
Lease liabilities - operating leases1,533 1,616 0 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses(4,059)12,627 1,353 
Accrued interest payable16,211 858 5,237 
Other liabilities17,629 (49,569)4,955 
Tenant leasing costs(79,772)(117,282)(130,742)
Total adjustments138,149 529,166 437,682 
Net cash provided by operating activities1,156,840 1,181,165 1,150,245 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions of real estate(137,976)(149,031)0 
Construction in progress(482,507)(546,060)(694,791)
Building and other capital improvements(160,126)(180,556)(189,771)
Tenant improvements(234,423)(251,831)(210,034)
Right of use assets - finance leases0 (5,152)0 
Proceeds from sales of real estate519,303 90,824 455,409 
Capital contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures(172,436)(87,392)(345,717)
Capital distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures55,298 136,807 0 
Cash and cash equivalents deconsolidated0 (24,112)0 
Deposit on capital lease0 0 (13,615)
Issuance of related party note receivable0 0 (80,000)
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 For the year ended December 31,
 2018 2017 2016
 (in thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:     
Net income$712,563
 $562,481
 $569,977
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:     
Depreciation and amortization645,649
 617,547
 694,403
Impairment losses11,812
 —
 1,783
Non-cash compensation expense40,117
 35,361
 32,911
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures(2,222) (11,232) (8,074)
Gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture—
 —
 (59,370)
Distributions of net cash flow from operations of unconsolidated joint ventures6,703
 26,858
 24,955
Losses (gains) from investments in securities1,865
 (3,678) (2,273)
Non-cash portion of interest expense21,303
 (1,284) (35,052)
Settlement of accreted debt discount on redemption of unsecured senior notes(483) (1,980) —
Losses (gains) from early extinguishments of debt16,490
 (496) 371
Gains on sales of real estate(182,356) (7,663) (80,606)
Change in assets and liabilities:     
Tenant and other receivables, net29,204
 2,433
 3,688
Note receivable(13) —
 —
Accrued rental income, net(43,662) (58,355) (28,127)
Prepaid expenses and other assets12,472
 51,425
 52,923
Accounts payable and accrued expenses1,353
 10,482
 15,666
Accrued interest payable5,237
 (160,521) 53,547
Other liabilities4,955
 (44,970) (106,071)
Tenant leasing costs(130,742) (104,429) (96,103)
Total adjustments437,682
 349,498
 464,571
Net cash provided by operating activities1,150,245
 911,979
 1,034,548
Cash flows from investing activities:     
Acquisitions of real estate—
 (15,953) (78,000)
Construction in progress(694,791) (608,404) (500,350)
Building and other capital improvements(189,771) (222,482) (150,640)
Tenant improvements(210,034) (205,331) (230,298)
Proceeds from sales of real estate455,409
 29,810
 122,750
Capital contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures(345,717) (109,015) (575,795)
Capital distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures—
 251,000
 20,440
Proceeds from sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture—
 —
 55,707
Deposit on capital lease(13,615) —
 —
Issuance of related party note receivable(80,000) —
 —
Issuance of note receivable(19,455) —
 —
Investments in securities, net(902) (1,669) (1,161)
Net cash used in investing activities(1,098,876) (882,044) (1,337,347)
 

BOSTON PROPERTIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
 Year ended December 31,
 202020192018
Issuance of notes receivable, net(9,800)0 (19,455)
Proceeds from notes receivable6,397 3,544 0 
Investments in securities, net2,551 (2,132)(902)
Net cash used in investing activities(613,719)(1,015,091)(1,098,876)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayments of mortgage notes payable(17,168)(46,173)(18,634)
Proceeds from unsecured senior notes1,248,125 1,548,106 996,410 
Redemption of unsecured senior notes0 (699,237)(699,517)
Borrowings on unsecured line of credit265,000 380,000 745,000 
Repayments of unsecured line of credit(265,000)(380,000)(790,000)
Proceeds from unsecured term loan0 0 500,000 
Payments on finance lease obligations0 (502)0 
Payments on capital lease obligations0 0 (1,353)
Payments on real estate financing transactions0 0 (960)
Deferred financing costs(10,416)(13,213)(8,362)
Debt prepayment and extinguishment costs0 (28,716)(15,973)
Net proceeds from equity transactions3,277 13,710 (730)
Dividends and distributions(688,904)(666,294)(587,628)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships8,219 35,816 46,701 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships(58,811)(69,913)(82,501)
Acquisition of noncontrolling interests in property partnership0 (186,963)0 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities484,322 (113,379)82,453 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows1,027,443 52,695 133,822 
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, beginning of period691,886 639,191 505,369 
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, end of period$1,719,329 $691,886 $639,191 
Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows:
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period$644,950 $543,359 $434,767 
Cash held in escrows, beginning of period46,936 95,832 70,602 
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, beginning of period$691,886 $639,191 $505,369 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$1,668,742 $644,950 $543,359 
Cash held in escrows, end of period50,587 46,936 95,832 
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, end of period$1,719,329 $691,886 $639,191 
Supplemental disclosures:
Cash paid for interest$433,492 $439,059 $416,019 
Interest capitalized$53,881 $54,911 $65,766 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Write-off of fully depreciated real estate$(99,494)$(129,831)$(135,431)
Change in real estate included in accounts payable and accrued expenses$(19,848)$89,245 $(44,866)
Real estate acquired through capital lease$0 $0 $12,397 
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities$0 $287,540 $0 
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BOSTON PROPERTIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS


For the year ended December 31,
 2018 2017 2016
 (in thousands)
Cash flows from financing activities:     
Proceeds from mortgage notes payable—
 2,300,000
 —
Repayments of mortgage notes payable(18,634) (1,317,653) (1,326,865)
Proceeds from unsecured senior notes996,410
 847,935
 1,989,790
Redemption of unsecured senior notes(699,517) (848,020) —
Borrowings on unsecured line of credit745,000
 580,000
 25,000
Repayments of unsecured line of credit(790,000) (535,000) (25,000)
Proceeds from unsecured term loan500,000
 —
 —
Repayments of mezzanine notes payable—
 (306,000) —
Repayments of outside members’ notes payable—
 (70,424) —
Payments on capital lease obligations(1,353) (493) (745)
Payments on real estate financing transactions(960) (2,840) (5,260)
Deposit on mortgage note payable interest rate lock—
 (23,200) —
Return of deposit on mortgage note payable interest rate lock—
 23,200
 —
Deferred financing costs(8,362) (50,705) (16,121)
Debt prepayment and extinguishment costs(15,973) (12,784) —
Net proceeds from equity transactions(730) 241
 (271)
Dividends and distributions(587,628) (526,578) (671,626)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships46,701
 52,009
 11,951
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships(82,501) (54,342) (55,474)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities82,453
 55,346
 (74,621)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows133,822
 85,281
 (377,420)
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, beginning of year505,369
 420,088
 797,508
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, end of year$639,191
 $505,369
 $420,088
      
Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows:     
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period$434,767
 $356,914
 $723,718
Cash held in escrows, beginning of period70,602
 63,174
 73,790
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, beginning of period$505,369
 $420,088
 $797,508
      
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$543,359
 $434,767
 $356,914
Cash held in escrows, end of period95,832
 70,602
 63,174
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, end of period$639,191
 $505,369
 $420,088
      
Supplemental disclosures:     
Cash paid for interest$416,019
 $598,486
 $433,591
Interest capitalized$65,766
 $61,070
 $39,237
Non-cash investing and financing activities:     
Write-off of fully depreciated real estate$(135,431) $(124,891) $(206,721)
Change in real estate included in accounts payable and accrued expenses$(44,866) $27,978
 $(1,481)
Real estate acquired through capital lease$12,397
 $28,962
 $21,000
Outside members’ notes payable contributed to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships$—
 $109,576
 $—
Dividends and distributions declared but not paid$165,114
 $139,040
 $130,308
Conversions of noncontrolling interests to stockholders’ equity$2,880
 $16,916
 $6,461
Issuance of restricted securities to employees and directors$37,052
 $35,989
 $33,615
BOSTON PROPERTIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
 Year ended December 31,
 202020192018
Prepaid rent reclassified to right of use asset$0 $15,000 $0 
Accrued rental income, net deconsolidated$(4,558)$0 $0 
Tenant leasing costs, net deconsolidated$(3,462)$0 $0 
Building and other capital improvements, net deconsolidated$(111,889)$(12,767)$0 
Tenant improvements, net deconsolidated$(12,331)$0 $0 
Right of use asset - finance lease deconsolidated$0 $(135,004)$0 
Lease liability - finance lease deconsolidated$0 $119,534 $0 
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture recorded upon deconsolidation$347,898 $29,246 $0 
Dividends and distributions declared but not paid$171,082 $170,713 $165,114 
Conversions of noncontrolling interests to stockholders’ equity$29,698 $4,885 $2,880 
Issuance of restricted securities to employees and non-employee directors$42,607 $37,622 $37,052 






















The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Management’s Report on Internal Control over
Financial Reporting
Management of Boston Properties, Inc., the sole general partner of Boston Properties Limited Partnership, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for Boston Properties Limited Partnership. Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of the principal executive officer and principal financial officer of Boston Properties, Inc. to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
As of the end of Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s 20182020 fiscal year, management conducted assessments of the effectiveness of Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on these assessments, management has determined that Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 20182020 was effective.
Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of our assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and the directors of Boston Properties, Inc.; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.
The effectiveness of Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 20182020 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report appearing on page 124,126, which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018.2020.



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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm


To the Partners of
Boston Properties Limited Partnership:

Partnership
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Boston Properties Limited Partnership and its subsidiaries (the “Partnership”) as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive income, partners’of capital and noncontrolling interests and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018,2020, including the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Partnership's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018,2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework(2013)issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Partnership as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 20182020 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Partnership maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018,2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework(2013)issued by the COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Partnership's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management'sManagement’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Partnership’s consolidated financial statements and on the Partnership's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Partnership in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidatedfinancial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance

with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable
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assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Impairment Assessments of Long-Lived Assets and Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
As described in Notes 2, 3 and 6 to the consolidated financial statements, the Partnership’s total real estate balance was $17,547.5 million and its investments in unconsolidated joint ventures was $1,273.9 million as of December 31, 2020. During 2020, the Partnership did not recognize an impairment loss related to its long-lived assets and recognized a $60.5 million other-than-temporary-impairment loss related to an investment in unconsolidated joint venture. Management reviews its long-lived assets for indicators of impairment following the end of each quarter and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. This evaluation of long-lived assets is dependent on a number of factors, including when there is an event or adverse change in the operating performance of the long-lived asset or a current expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life or hold period. Management reviews its unconsolidated joint ventures for indicators of impairment on a quarterly basis and records impairment charges when events or circumstances change indicating that a decline in the fair values below the carrying amounts has occurred and such decline is other-than-temporary. This evaluation of the investments in unconsolidated joint ventures is dependent on a number of factors, including the performance of each investment and market conditions. The Partnership will record an impairment charge if it determines that a decline in the fair value below the carrying amount of an investment in an unconsolidated joint venture is other-than-temporary. The fair value is calculated using discounted cash flows which is subjective and considers assumptions regarding future occupancy, future rental rates, future capital requirements, discount rates and capitalization rates.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the impairment assessments of long-lived assets and investments in unconsolidated joint ventures is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management in identifying the indicators of impairment for long lived assets, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures and evaluating evidence related to identifying the indicators of impairment for long-lived assets; (ii) the significant judgment by management in identifying the indicators of impairment for investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures and evaluating evidence related to the indicators of impairment for investments in unconsolidated joint ventures; (iii) the significant judgment by management when developing the fair value measurement of the investments in unconsolidated joint ventures relating to potential other-than-temporary impairments, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s assumptions related to future occupancy, future rental rates, future capital requirements, discount rate and capitalization rate; and, (iv) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to (i) the identification of the indicators of impairment for long-lived assets, (ii) the identification of the indicators of impairment for investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, and (iii) developing the fair value measurement of the investments in unconsolidated joint ventures in the evaluation of potential other-than-temporary impairments. For the long-lived assets, the procedures included, among others, evaluating the reasonableness of management’s assessment of the indicators of impairment for long lived assets by considering the anticipated hold
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period, market economic conditions, operating performance of the asset, or evidence obtained in other areas of the audit that may be indicative of an indicator of impairment of the long-lived assets. For the investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, the procedures, included, among others, (i) evaluating the reasonableness of management’s identification of changes in the performance of each investment and market conditions indicating that there may be a decline in the fair values of the investments in unconsolidated joint ventures below the carrying amounts has occurred and such decline is other-than-temporary by considering changes in the performance of the investments and market conditions, or evidence obtained in other areas of the audit and (ii) evaluating the reasonableness of aforementioned assumptions, by consideration of the past performance of the investment in unconsolidated joint ventures and whether the assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow model and reasonableness of the assumptions.


/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Boston, Massachusetts
Boston, MAFebruary 26, 2021
February 28, 2019

We have served as the Partnership’s auditor since 1997.


BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except for unit amounts)
128
 December 31,
2018		 December 31,
2017
ASSETS   
Real estate, at cost (amounts related to variable interest entities (“VIEs”) of $7,481,015 and $7,172,718 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively)$21,251,540
 $20,685,164
Less: accumulated depreciation (amounts related to VIEs of $(965,500) and $(854,172) at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively)(4,800,475) (4,496,959)
Total real estate16,451,065
 16,188,205
Cash and cash equivalents (amounts related to VIEs of $296,806 and $304,955 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively)543,359
 434,767
Cash held in escrows95,832
 70,602
Investments in securities28,198
 29,161
Tenant and other receivables, net (amounts related to VIEs of $15,519 and $27,057 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively)86,629
 92,186
Related party note receivable80,000
 —
Note receivable19,468
 —
Accrued rental income, net (amounts related to VIEs of $272,466 and $242,589 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively)934,896
 861,575
Deferred charges, net (amounts related to VIEs of $263,402 and $281,678 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively)678,724
 679,038
Prepaid expenses and other assets (amounts related to VIEs of $26,513 and $33,666 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively)80,943
 77,971
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures956,309
 619,925
Total assets$19,955,423
 $19,053,430
LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL   
Liabilities:   
Mortgage notes payable, net (amounts related to VIEs of $2,929,326 and $2,939,183 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively)$2,964,572
 $2,979,281
Unsecured senior notes, net7,544,697
 7,247,330
Unsecured line of credit—
 45,000
Unsecured term loan, net498,488
 —
Accounts payable and accrued expenses (amounts related to VIEs of $75,786 and $106,683 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively)276,645
 331,500
Dividends and distributions payable165,114
 139,040
Accrued interest payable89,267
 83,646
Other liabilities (amounts related to VIEs of $200,344 and $164,806 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively)503,726
 443,980
Total liabilities12,042,509
 11,269,777
Commitments and contingencies—
 —
Noncontrolling interests:   
Redeemable partnership units—16,783,558 and 16,810,378 common units and 991,577 and 818,343 long term incentive units outstanding at redemption value at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively2,000,591
 2,292,263
Capital:   
5.25% Series B cumulative redeemable preferred units, liquidation preference $2,500 per unit, 80,000 units issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017193,623
 193,623
Boston Properties Limited Partnership partners’ capital—1,722,336 and 1,719,540 general partner units and 152,736,142 and 152,605,746 limited partner units outstanding at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively4,054,996
 3,664,436
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(47,741) (50,429)
Total partners' capital4,200,878
 3,807,630
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships1,711,445
 1,683,760
Total capital5,912,323
 5,491,390
Total liabilities and capital$19,955,423
 $19,053,430
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BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except for unit amounts)
December 31,
2020		December 31,
2019
ASSETS
Real estate, at cost (amounts related to variable interest entities (“VIEs”) of $6,592,019 and $6,497,031 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)$22,592,301 $22,107,755 
Right of use assets - finance leases (amounts related to VIEs of $21,000 and $21,000 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)237,393 237,394 
Right of use assets - operating leases146,406 148,640 
Less: accumulated depreciation (amounts related to VIEs of $(1,158,548) and $(1,058,495) at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)(5,428,576)(5,162,908)
Total real estate17,547,524 17,330,881 
Cash and cash equivalents (amounts related to VIEs of $340,642 and $280,033 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)1,668,742 644,950 
Cash held in escrows50,587 46,936 
Investments in securities39,457 36,747 
Tenant and other receivables, net (amounts related to VIEs of $10,911 and $28,918 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)77,411 112,807 
Related party note receivable, net77,552 80,000 
Notes receivable, net18,729 15,920 
Accrued rental income, net (amounts related to VIEs of $336,594 and $298,318 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)1,122,502 1,038,788 
Deferred charges, net (amounts related to VIEs of $183,306 and $214,769 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)640,085 689,213 
Prepaid expenses and other assets (amounts related to VIEs of $13,137 and $20,931 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)33,840 41,685 
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures1,310,478 955,647 
Total assets$22,586,907 $20,993,574 
LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL
Liabilities:
Mortgage notes payable, net (amounts related to VIEs of $2,907,590 and $2,918,806 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)$2,909,081 $2,922,408 
Unsecured senior notes, net9,639,287 8,390,459 
Unsecured line of credit0 0 
Unsecured term loan, net499,390 498,939 
Lease liabilities - finance leases (amounts related to VIEs of $20,306 and $20,189 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)236,492 224,042 
Lease liabilities - operating leases201,713 200,180 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses (amounts related to VIEs of $23,128 and $45,777 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)336,264 377,553 
Dividends and distributions payable171,082 170,713 
Accrued interest payable106,288 90,016 
Other liabilities (amounts related to VIEs of $158,805 and $140,110 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)412,084 387,994 
Total liabilities14,511,681 13,262,304 
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 10)
Redeemable deferred stock units— 72,966 and 60,676 units outstanding at redemption value at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively6,897 8,365 
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BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except for unit amounts)
December 31,
2020		December 31,
2019
Noncontrolling interests:
Redeemable partnership units— 16,037,121 and 16,764,466 common units and 1,336,115 and 1,143,215 long term incentive units outstanding at redemption value at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively1,643,024 2,468,753 
Capital:
5.25% Series B cumulative redeemable preferred units, liquidation preference $2,500 per unit, 80,000 units issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019193,623 193,623 
Boston Properties Limited Partnership partners’ capital— 1,730,921 and 1,726,980 general partner units and 153,987,904 and 153,063,318 limited partner units outstanding at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively4,554,639 3,380,175 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(49,890)(48,335)
Total partners’ capital4,698,372 3,525,463 
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships1,726,933 1,728,689 
Total capital6,425,305 5,254,152 
Total liabilities and capital$22,586,907 $20,993,574 



























The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except for per unit amounts)
For the year ended December 31,
2018 2017 2016 Year ended December 31,
(in thousands, except for per unit amounts) 202020192018
Revenue     Revenue
Rental     
LeaseLease$2,646,261 $2,758,014 $— 
Base rent$2,103,723
 $2,049,368
 $2,017,767
Base rent— — 2,103,723 
Recoveries from tenants402,066
 367,500
 358,975
Recoveries from tenants— — 402,066 
Parking and other107,421
 105,000
 100,910
Parking and other70,680 103,534 107,421 
Total rental revenue2,613,210
 2,521,868
 2,477,652
Hotel revenue49,118
 45,603
 44,884
HotelHotel7,478 48,589 49,118 
Development and management services45,158
 34,605
 28,284
Development and management services29,641 40,039 45,158 
Direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts9,590
 —
 —
Direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts11,626 10,386 9,590 
Total revenue2,717,076
 2,602,076
 2,550,820
Total revenue2,765,686 2,960,562 2,717,076 
Expenses     Expenses
Operating     Operating
Rental979,151
 929,977
 889,768
Rental1,017,208 1,050,010 979,151 
Hotel33,863
 32,059
 31,466
Hotel13,136 34,004 33,863 
General and administrative121,722
 113,715
 105,229
General and administrative133,112 140,777 121,722 
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts9,590
 —
 —
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts11,626 10,386 9,590 
Transaction costs1,604
 668
 2,387
Transaction costs1,531 1,984 1,604 
Depreciation and amortization637,891
 609,407
 682,776
Depreciation and amortization676,666 669,956 637,891 
Total expenses1,783,821
 1,685,826
 1,711,626
Total expenses1,853,279 1,907,117 1,783,821 
Other income (expense)     Other income (expense)
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures2,222
 11,232
 8,074
Gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture—
 —
 59,370
Income (loss) from unconsolidated joint venturesIncome (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures(85,110)46,592 2,222 
Gains on sales of real estate190,716
 8,240
 82,775
Gains on sales of real estate631,945 858 190,716 
Interest and other income10,823
 5,783
 7,230
Interest and other income (loss)Interest and other income (loss)5,953 18,939 10,823 
Gains (losses) from investments in securities(1,865) 3,678
 2,273
Gains (losses) from investments in securities5,261 6,417 (1,865)
Impairment losses(10,181) —
 (1,783)
Impairment lossImpairment loss0 (22,272)(10,181)
Loss from early extinguishment of debtLoss from early extinguishment of debt0 (29,540)(16,490)
Interest expense(378,168) (374,481) (412,849)Interest expense(431,717)(412,717)(378,168)
Gains (losses) from early extinguishments of debt(16,490) 496
 (371)
Losses from interest rate contracts—
 —
 (140)
Net income730,312
 571,198
 583,773
Net income1,038,739 661,722 730,312 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests     Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships(62,909) (47,832) 2,068
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships(48,260)(71,120)(62,909)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership667,403
 523,366
 585,841
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership990,479 590,602 667,403 
Preferred distributions(10,500) (10,500) (10,500)Preferred distributions(10,500)(10,500)(10,500)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders$656,903
 $512,866
 $575,341
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders$979,979 $580,102 $656,903 
Basic earnings per common unit attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership     Basic earnings per common unit attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Net income$3.82
 $2.99
 $3.36
Net income$5.67 $3.37 $3.82 
Weighted average number of common units outstanding171,912
 171,661
 171,361
Weighted average number of common units outstanding172,643 172,200 171,912 
Diluted earnings per common unit attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership     Diluted earnings per common unit attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Net income$3.81
 $2.98
 $3.35
Net income$5.67 $3.36 $3.81 
Weighted average number of common and common equivalent units outstanding172,167
 171,861
 171,623
Weighted average number of common and common equivalent units outstanding172,728 172,501 172,167 






The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands)
 For the year ended December 31,
 2018 2017 2016 Year ended December 31,
(in thousands) 202020192018
Net income $730,312
 $571,198
 $583,773
Net income$1,038,739 $661,722 $730,312 
Other comprehensive income (loss):      Other comprehensive income (loss):
Effective portion of interest rate contracts (3,096) (6,133) (47,144)Effective portion of interest rate contracts(7,848)(6,751)(3,096)
Amortization of interest rate contracts (1) 6,664
 6,033
 3,751
Amortization of interest rate contracts (1)6,697 6,664 6,664 
Other comprehensive income (loss) 3,568
 (100) (43,393)Other comprehensive income (loss)(1,151)(87)3,568 
Comprehensive income 733,880
 571,098
 540,380
Comprehensive income1,037,588 661,635 733,880 
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests (63,485) (45,704) 2,945
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests(48,836)(71,696)(63,485)
Comprehensive income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership $670,395
 $525,394
 $543,325
Comprehensive income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership$988,752 $589,939 $670,395 
_______________
(1)Amounts reclassified from comprehensive income primarily to interest expense within Boston Properties Limited Partnership's Consolidated Statements of Operations.

(1)Amounts reclassified from comprehensive income primarily to interest expense within Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.










































































The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF PARTNERS’ CAPITAL
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016
BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CAPITAL AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
(in thousands)
UnitsCapital
 General PartnerLimited PartnerPartners’ Capital (General and Limited Partners)Preferred UnitsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss		Noncontrolling
Interests - Property Partnerships		Total CapitalNoncontrolling Interests - Redeemable Partnership Units
Equity, December 31, 20171,720 152,606 $3,664,436 $193,623 0$(50,429)0$1,683,760 $5,491,390 $2,292,263 
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle
— — 4,933 — — — 4,933 563 
Contributions1 49 1,642 — — — 1,642 34,680 
Allocated net income for the period— — 590,096 10,500 — 62,909 663,505 66,807 
Distributions— — (540,471)(10,500)— — (550,971)(62,731)
Unearned compensation— — 884 — — — 884 2,181 
Conversion of redeemable partnership units1 81 2,880 — — — 2,880 (2,880)
Adjustment to reflect redeemable partnership units at redemption value— — 330,596 — — — 330,596 (330,596)
Effective portion of interest rate contracts— — — — (2,781)0 (2,781)(315)
Amortization of interest rate contracts— — — — 5,469 576 6,045 619 
Contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships— — — — — 46,701 46,701 — 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships— — — — — (82,501)(82,501)— 
Equity, December 31, 20181,722 152,736 4,054,996 193,623 (47,741)1,711,445 5,912,323 2,000,591 
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle
— — (3,864)— — (70)(3,934)(445)
Contributions3 185 17,115 — — — 17,115 34,217 
Allocated net income for the period— — 520,757 10,500 — 71,120 602,377 59,345 
Distributions— — (592,159)(10,500)— — (602,659)(69,234)
Unearned compensation— — (7,655)— — — (7,655)2,011 
Conversion of redeemable partnership units2 142 4,885 — — — 4,885 (4,885)
Adjustment to reflect redeemable partnership units at redemption value— — (447,222)— — — (447,222)447,222 
Effective portion of interest rate contracts— — — — (6,060)0 (6,060)(691)
Amortization of interest rate contracts— — — — 5,466 576 6,042 622 
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest in property partnership— — (162,462)— — (24,501)(186,963)— 
Sale of an interest in property partnerships— — (4,216)— — 4,216 — — 
Contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships— — — — — 35,816 35,816 — 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships— — — — — (69,913)(69,913)— 
Equity, December 31, 20191,727 153,063 3,380,175 193,623 (48,335)1,728,689 5,254,152 2,468,753 
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BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CAPITAL AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
(in thousands)
BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CAPITAL AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
(in thousands)
UnitsCapital
General PartnerLimited PartnerPartners’ Capital (General and Limited Partners)Preferred UnitsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss		Noncontrolling
Interests - Property Partnerships		Total CapitalNoncontrolling Interests - Redeemable Partnership Units
Total Partners’ Capital
(in thousands)

Balance at December 31, 2015$3,684,522
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle
— — (1,505)— — — (1,505)(174)
Contributions3,144
Contributions1 72 7,529 — — — 7,529 38,841 
Net income allocable to general and limited partner units526,581
Allocated net income for the periodAllocated net income for the period— — 882,275 10,500 — 48,260 941,035 97,704 
Distributions(425,527)Distributions— — (609,852)(10,500)— — (620,352)(68,921)
Other comprehensive loss(38,137)
Unearned compensation2,760
Unearned compensation— — 2,533 — — — 2,533 477 
Conversion of redeemable partnership units6,461
Conversion of redeemable partnership units3 853 29,689 — — — 29,689 (29,689)
Adjustment to reflect redeemable partnership units at redemption value51,913
Adjustment to reflect redeemable partnership units at redemption value— — 863,795 — — — 863,795 (863,795)
Balance at December 31, 20163,811,717
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle(272)
Contributions4,937
Net income allocable to general and limited partner units471,156
Distributions(480,816)
Other comprehensive income1,822
Unearned compensation(243)
Conversion of redeemable partnership units16,916
Adjustment to reflect redeemable partnership units at redemption value(17,587)
Balance at December 31, 20173,807,630
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle4,933
Contributions1,642
Net income allocable to general and limited partner units600,596
Distributions(550,971)
Other comprehensive income2,688
Unearned compensation884
Conversion of redeemable partnership units2,880
Adjustment to reflect redeemable partnership units at redemption value330,596
Balance at December 31, 2018$4,200,878
Effective portion of interest rate contractsEffective portion of interest rate contracts— — — — (7,066)0 (7,066)(782)
Amortization of interest rate contractsAmortization of interest rate contracts— — — — 5,511 576 6,087 610 
Contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnershipsContributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships— — — — — 8,219 8,219 — 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in property partnershipsDistributions to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships— — — — — (58,811)(58,811)— 
Equity, December 31, 2020Equity, December 31, 20201,731 153,988 $4,554,639 $193,623 $(49,890)$1,726,933 $6,425,305 $1,643,024 
































The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
 Year ended December 31,
 202020192018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income$1,038,739 $661,722 $730,312 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization676,666 669,956 637,891 
Amortization of right of use assets - operating leases2,234 2,412 0 
Impairment losses0 22,272 10,181 
Non-cash compensation expense44,142 40,958 40,117 
Loss (income) from unconsolidated joint ventures85,110 (46,592)(2,222)
Distributions of net cash flow from operations of unconsolidated joint ventures31,892 17,155 6,703 
(Gains) losses from investments in securities(5,261)(6,417)1,865 
Allowance for current expected credit losses1,849 0 0 
Non-cash portion of interest expense23,384 22,254 21,303 
Settlement of accreted debt discount on redemption of unsecured senior notes0 (763)(483)
Losses from early extinguishments of debt0 29,540 16,490 
Gains on sales of real estate(631,945)(858)(190,716)
Change in assets and liabilities:
Tenant and other receivables, net22,550 (24,876)29,204 
Notes receivable, net(19)4 (13)
Accrued rental income, net(97,099)(56,817)(43,662)
Prepaid expenses and other assets12,488 2,965 12,472 
Lease liabilities - finance leases568 0 0 
Lease liabilities - operating leases1,533 1,616 0 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses(4,059)12,627 1,353 
Accrued interest payable16,211 858 5,237 
Other liabilities17,629 (49,569)4,955 
Tenant leasing costs(79,772)(117,282)(130,742)
Total adjustments118,101 519,443 419,933 
Net cash provided by operating activities1,156,840 1,181,165 1,150,245 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions of real estate(137,976)(149,031)0 
Construction in progress(482,507)(546,060)(694,791)
Building and other capital improvements(160,126)(180,556)(189,771)
Tenant improvements(234,423)(251,831)(210,034)
Right of use assets - finance leases0 (5,152)0 
Proceeds from sales of real estate519,303 90,824 455,409 
Capital contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures(172,436)(87,392)(345,717)
Capital distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures55,298 136,807 0 
Cash and cash equivalents deconsolidated0 (24,112)0 
Deposit on capital lease0 0 (13,615)
Issuance of related party note receivable0 0 (80,000)
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BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 For the year ended December 31,
 2018 2017 2016
 (in thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:     
Net income$730,312
 $571,198
 $583,773
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:     
Depreciation and amortization637,891
 609,407
 682,776
Impairment losses10,181
 —
 1,783
Non-cash compensation expense40,117
 35,361
 32,911
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures(2,222) (11,232) (8,074)
Gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture—
 —
 (59,370)
Distributions of net cash flow from operations of unconsolidated joint ventures6,703
 26,858
 24,955
Losses (gains) from investments in securities1,865
 (3,678) (2,273)
Non-cash portion of interest expense21,303
 (1,284) (35,052)
Settlement of accreted debt discount on redemption of unsecured senior notes(483) (1,980) —
Losses (gains) from early extinguishments of debt16,490
 (496) 371
Gains on sales of real estate(190,716) (8,240) (82,775)
Change in assets and liabilities:     
Tenant and other receivables, net29,204
 2,433
 3,688
Note receivable(13) —
 —
Accrued rental income, net(43,662) (58,355) (28,127)
Prepaid expenses and other assets12,472
 51,425
 52,923
Accounts payable and accrued expenses1,353
 10,482
 15,666
Accrued interest payable5,237
 (160,521) 53,547
Other liabilities4,955
 (44,970) (106,071)
Tenant leasing costs(130,742) (104,429) (96,103)
Total adjustments419,933
 340,781
 450,775
Net cash provided by operating activities1,150,245
 911,979
 1,034,548
Cash flows from investing activities:     
Acquisitions of real estate—
 (15,953) (78,000)
Construction in progress(694,791) (608,404) (500,350)
Building and other capital improvements(189,771) (222,482) (150,640)
Tenant improvements(210,034) (205,331) (230,298)
Proceeds from sales of real estate455,409
 29,810
 122,750
Capital contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures(345,717) (109,015) (575,795)
Capital distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures—
 251,000
 20,440
Proceeds from sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture—
 —
 55,707
Deposit on capital lease(13,615) —
 —
Issuance of related party note receivable(80,000) —
 —
Issuance of note receivable(19,455) —
 —
Investments in securities, net(902) (1,669) (1,161)
Net cash used in investing activities(1,098,876) (882,044) (1,337,347)
      

BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
 Year ended December 31,
 202020192018
Issuance of notes receivable, net(9,800)0 (19,455)
Proceeds from notes receivable6,397 3,544 0 
Investments in securities, net2,551 (2,132)(902)
Net cash used in investing activities(613,719)(1,015,091)(1,098,876)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayments of mortgage notes payable(17,168)(46,173)(18,634)
Proceeds from unsecured senior notes1,248,125 1,548,106 996,410 
Redemption of unsecured senior notes0 (699,237)(699,517)
Borrowings on unsecured line of credit265,000 380,000 745,000 
Repayments of unsecured line of credit(265,000)(380,000)(790,000)
Proceeds from unsecured term loan0 0 500,000 
Payments on finance lease obligations0 (502)— 
Payments on capital lease obligations— — (1,353)
Payments on real estate financing transactions0 0 (960)
Deferred financing costs(10,416)(13,213)(8,362)
Debt prepayment and extinguishment costs0 (28,716)(15,973)
Net proceeds from equity transactions3,277 13,710 (730)
Distributions(688,904)(666,294)(587,628)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships8,219 35,816 46,701 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships(58,811)(69,913)(82,501)
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest in property partnership0 (186,963)0 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities484,322 (113,379)82,453 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows1,027,443 52,695 133,822 
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, beginning of period691,886 639,191 505,369 
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, end of period$1,719,329 $691,886 $639,191 
Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows:
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period$644,950 $543,359 $434,767 
Cash held in escrows, beginning of period46,936 95,832 70,602 
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, beginning of period$691,886 $639,191 $505,369 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$1,668,742 $644,950 $543,359 
Cash held in escrows, end of period50,587 46,936 95,832 
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, end of period$1,719,329 $691,886 $639,191 
Supplemental disclosures:
Cash paid for interest$433,492 $439,059 $416,019 
Interest capitalized$53,881 $54,911 $65,766 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Write-off of fully depreciated real estate$(99,494)$(129,253)$(135,431)
Change in real estate included in accounts payable and accrued expenses$(19,848)$89,245 $(44,866)
Real estate acquired through capital lease$0 $0 $12,397 
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities$0 $287,540 $0 
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BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 For the year ended December 31,
 2018 2017 2016
 (in thousands)
Cash flows from financing activities:     
Proceeds from mortgage notes payable—
 2,300,000
 —
Repayments of mortgage notes payable(18,634) (1,317,653) (1,326,865)
Proceeds from unsecured senior notes996,410
 847,935
 1,989,790
Redemption/repurchase of unsecured senior notes(699,517) (848,020) —
Borrowings on unsecured line of credit745,000
 580,000
 25,000
Repayments of unsecured line of credit(790,000) (535,000) (25,000)
Proceeds from unsecured term loan500,000
 —
 —
Repayments of mezzanine notes payable—
 (306,000) —
Repayments of outside members’ notes payable—
 (70,424) —
Payments on capital lease obligations(1,353) (493) (745)
Payments on real estate financing transactions(960) (2,840) (5,260)
Deposit on mortgage note payable interest rate lock—
 (23,200) —
Return of deposit on mortgage note payable interest rate lock—
 23,200
 —
Deferred financing costs(8,362) (50,705) (16,121)
Debt prepayment and extinguishment costs(15,973) (12,784) —
Net proceeds from equity transactions(730) 241
 (271)
Distributions(587,628) (526,578) (671,626)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships46,701
 52,009
 11,951
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships(82,501) (54,342) (55,474)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities82,453
 55,346
 (74,621)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows133,822
 85,281
 (377,420)
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, beginning of year505,369
 420,088
 797,508
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, end of year$639,191
 $505,369
 $420,088
      
Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows:     
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period$434,767
 $356,914
 $723,718
Cash held in escrows, beginning of period70,602
 63,174
 73,790
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, beginning of period$505,369
 $420,088
 $797,508
      
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$543,359
 $434,767
 $356,914
Cash held in escrows, end of period95,832
 70,602
 63,174
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, end of period$639,191
 $505,369
 $420,088
      
Supplemental disclosures:     
Cash paid for interest$416,019
 $598,486
 $433,591
Interest capitalized$65,766
 $61,070
 $39,237
Non-cash investing and financing activities:     
Write-off of fully depreciated real estate$(135,431) $(123,714) $(202,388)
Change in real estate included in accounts payable and accrued expenses$(44,866) $27,978
 $(1,481)
Real estate acquired through capital lease$12,397
 $28,962
 $21,000
Outside members’ notes payable contributed to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships$—
 $109,576
 $—
Distributions declared but not paid$165,114
 $139,040
 $130,308
Conversions of redeemable partnership units to partners’ capital$2,880
 $16,916
 $6,461
Issuance of restricted securities to employees and directors$37,052
 $35,989
 $33,615
BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
 Year ended December 31,
 202020192018
Prepaid rent reclassified to right of use asset$0 $15,000 $0 
Accrued rental income, net deconsolidated$(4,558)$0 $0 
Tenant leasing costs, net deconsolidated$(3,462)$0 $0 
Building and other capital improvements, net deconsolidated$(111,889)$(12,767)$0 
Tenant improvements, net deconsolidated$(12,331)$0 $0 
Right of use asset - finance lease deconsolidated$0 $(135,004)$0 
Lease liability - finance lease deconsolidated$0 $119,534 $0 
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture recorded upon deconsolidation$347,898 $29,246 $0 
Distributions declared but not paid$171,082 $170,713 $165,114 
Conversions of redeemable partnership units to partners’ capital$29,698 $4,885 $2,880 
Issuance of restricted securities to employees and non-employee directors$42,607 $37,622 $37,052 























The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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BOSTON PROPERTIES, INC. AND BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Organization
Boston Properties, Inc., a Delaware corporation, is a fully integrated, self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust (“REIT”). Boston Properties, Inc. is the sole general partner of Boston Properties Limited Partnership, its operating partnership, and at December 31, 20182020 owned an approximate 89.7% (89.7%90.0% (89.6% at December 31, 2017)2019) general and limited partnership interest in Boston Properties Limited Partnership. Unless stated otherwise or the context requires, the “Company” refers to Boston Properties, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including Boston Properties Limited Partnership and its consolidated subsidiaries. Partnership interests in Boston Properties Limited Partnership include:
•common units of partnership interest (also referred to as “OP Units”),
•long term incentive units of partnership interest (also referred to as “LTIP Units”), and
•preferred units of partnership interest (also referred to as “Preferred Units”).
Unless specifically noted otherwise, all references to OP Units exclude units held by Boston Properties, Inc. A holder of an OP Unit may present such OP Unit to Boston Properties Limited Partnership for redemption at any time (subject to restrictions agreed upon at the time of issuance of OP Units to particular holders that may restrict such redemption right for a period of time, generally one1 year from issuance). Upon presentation of an OP Unit for redemption, Boston Properties Limited Partnership is obligated to redeem the OP Unit for cash equal to the value of a share of common stock of Boston Properties, Inc. (“Common Stock”). In lieu of a cash redemption, Boston Properties, Inc. may elect to acquire the OP Unit for one1 share of Common Stock. Because the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding at all times equals the number of OP Units that Boston Properties, Inc. owns, one1 share of Common Stock is generally the economic equivalent of one1 OP Unit, and the quarterly distribution that may be paid to the holder of an OP Unit equals the quarterly dividend that may be paid to the holder of a share of Common Stock.
The Company uses LTIP Units as a form of equity-based award for annual long-termlong term incentive equity compensation. The Company has also issued LTIP Units to employees in the form of (1) 2012 outperformance plan awards (“2012 OPP Units”) and (2) 2013 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018- 2020 multi-year, long-term incentive program awards (also referred to as “MYLTIP Units”), each of which, upon the satisfaction of certain performance and vesting conditions, is convertible into one OP Unit. The three-year measurement periods for the 2012 OPP Units and the 2013 - 2017 MYLTIP Units 2014 MYLTIP Units and 2015 MYLTIP Units expired on February 6, 2015, February 4, 2016, February 3, 2017 and February 4, 2018, respectively,have ended and Boston Properties, Inc.’s total stockholder return (“TSR”) was sufficient for employees to earn and therefore become eligible to vest in a portion of the awards. Unless and until they are earned, the rights, preferences and privileges of the 2016, 2017 and 2018 - 2020 MYLTIP Units differ from other LTIP Units granted to employees (including the 2012 OPP Units and the 2013 MYLTIP Units, the 2014 MYLTIP Units and the 2015- 2017 MYLTIP Units, which have been earned). Therefore, unless specifically noted otherwise, all references to LTIP Units exclude the 2016, 2017 and 2018 - 2020 MYLTIP Units. LTIP Units (including the earned 2012 OPP Units the 2013 MYLTIP Units, the 2014 MYLTIP Units and the 2015earned 2013 - 2017 MYLTIP Units), whether vested or not, will receive the same quarterly per unit distributions as OP Units, which equal per share dividends on Common Stock (See Notes 10,11, 16 and 19)18).
At December 31, 2018,2020 and 2019, there was one1 series of Preferred Units outstanding (i.e., Series B Preferred Units). The Series B Preferred Units were issued to Boston Properties, Inc. on March 27, 2013 in connection with the issuance of 80,000 shares (8,000,000 depositary shares each representing 1/100th of a share) of 5.25% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock”). Boston Properties, Inc. contributed the net proceeds from the offering to Boston Properties Limited Partnership in exchange for 80,000 Series B Preferred Units having terms and preferences generally mirroring those of the Series B Preferred Stock (See Note 11)12).
Properties
At December 31, 2018,2020, the Company owned or had joint venture interests in a portfolio of 197196 commercial real estate properties (the “Properties”) aggregating approximately 51.651.2 million net rentable square feet (unaudited) of primarily Class A office properties, including 116 properties under construction/redevelopment totaling approximately 5.33.7 million net rentable square feet.feet (unaudited). At December 31, 2018,2020, the Properties consisted of:
178•177 office properties (including nine6 properties under construction/redevelopment);

twelve•12 retail properties;
six•6 residential properties (including two properties under construction);properties; and
one
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•1 hotel.
The Company considers Class A office properties to be well locatedwell-located buildings that are professionally managed and maintained, attract high-quality tenants and command upper-tier rental rates, and that are modern structures or have been modernized to compete with newer buildings.buildings and professionally managed and maintained. As such, these properties attract high-quality tenants and command upper-tier rental rates.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented using the accrual basis of accounting in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Boston Properties, Inc. does not have any other significant assets, liabilities or operations, other than its investment in Boston Properties Limited Partnership, nor does it have employees of its own. Boston Properties Limited Partnership, not Boston Properties, Inc., generally executes all significant business relationships other than transactions involving securities of Boston Properties, Inc. All majority-owned subsidiaries and joint ventures over which the Company has financial and operating control and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which the Company has determined it is the primary beneficiary are included in the consolidated financial statements. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company accounts for all other unconsolidated joint ventures using the equity method of accounting. Accordingly, the Company’s share of the earnings of these joint ventures and companies is included in consolidated net income.
Variable Interest Entities (VIEs)
On January 1, 2016, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) ASU 2015-02, “Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis” (“ASU 2015-02”). ASU 2015-02 affects reporting entities that are required to evaluate whether they should consolidate certain legal entities. ASU 2015-02 (1) modifies the evaluation of whether limited partnerships and similar legal entities are VIEs or voting interest entities, (2) eliminates the presumption that a general partner should consolidate a limited partnership and (3) affects the consolidation analysis of reporting entities that are involved with VIEs, particularly those that have fee arrangements and related party relationships. The Company reviewed all of its legal entities in accordance with ASU 2015-02 and concluded that certain of its legal entities, including Boston Properties Limited Partnership, which had been consolidated in accordance with the voting interest model, are now variable interest entities under the VIE model, as discussed below. The adoption of the guidance did not alter any of the Company’s consolidation conclusions, but resulted in additional disclosures.
Consolidated VIEs are those wherefor which the Company is considered to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE. The primary beneficiary is the entity that has a controlling financial interest in the VIE, which is defined by the entity having both of the following characteristics: (1) the power to direct the activities that, when taken together, most significantly impact the VIE’s performance and (2) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive the returns from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company has determined that it is the primary beneficiary for seven6 of the ten7 entities that are VIEs.VIEs as of December 31, 2020.
Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
As of December 31, 2018,2020, Boston Properties, Inc. has identified sevensix consolidated VIEs, including Boston Properties Limited Partnership. Excluding Boston Properties Limited Partnership, the VIEs areconsisted of the following six5 in-service properties: 767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building), TimeTimes Square Tower, 601 Lexington Avenue, Atlantic Wharf Office Building and 100 Federal Street and Salesforce Tower.Street.
The Company consolidates these VIEs because it is the primary beneficiary.  The third parties’ interests in these consolidated entities (i.e., excluding(excluding Boston Properties Limited Partnership'sPartnership’s interest), are reflected as noncontrolling interests in property partnerships in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statementsconsolidated financial statements (See Note 10)11). 
In addition, Boston Properties, Inc.’s only significant asset is its investment in Boston Properties Limited Partnership and, consequently, substantially all of Boston Properties, Inc.’s assets and liabilities are the assets and liabilities of Boston Properties Limited Partnership.

Variable Interest Entities Not Consolidated
TheAs of December 31, 2020, the Company has determined that its 7750 Wisconsin Avenue LLC and Office Tower Developer LLC joint ventures, which own 7750 Wisconsin Avenue and 100 Causeway Street (which is the office component of The Hub on Causeway mixed-use development project), respectively, are VIEs. The Company also determined that the landlord entity for its Platform 16 ground leaseHoldings LP joint venture is a VIE. The Company does not consolidate these entitiesthis entity as the Company does not have the power to direct the activities that, when taken together, most significantly impact the VIE’s performance and, therefore, the Company is not considered to be the primary beneficiary.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Real Estate
Upon acquisitions of real estate, which includes the consolidationCompany assesses whether the transaction should be accounted for as an asset acquisition or as a business combination by applying a screen to determine whether the integrated set of previously unconsolidated joint ventures,assets and activities acquired meets the definition of a business. Acquisitions of integrated sets of assets and activities that do not meet the definition of a business are accounted for as asset acquisitions. The Company’s acquisitions of real estate or in-substance real estate generally will not meet the definition of a business because substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets
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(i.e. land, buildings, and related intangible assets) or because the acquisition does not include a substantive process in the form of an acquired workforce or an acquired contract that cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort or delay.
The Company assesses the fair value of acquired tangible and intangible assets (including land, buildings, tenant improvements, “above-” and “below-market” leases, leasing and assumed financing origination costs, acquired in-place leases, other identified intangible assets and assumed liabilities) and allocates the purchase price to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, including land and buildings as if vacant. The Company assesses and considers fair value based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize discount and/or capitalization rates that it deems appropriate, as well as available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including the historical operating results, known and anticipated trends, and market and economic conditions.
The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property considers the value of the property as if it were vacant. The Company also considers an allocation of purchase price of other acquired intangibles, including acquired in-place leases that may have a customer relationship intangible value, including (but not limited to) the nature and extent of the existing relationship with the tenants, the tenants’ credit quality and expectations of lease renewals. Based on its acquisitions to date, the Company’s allocation to customer relationship intangible assets has been immaterial.
The Company records acquired “above-” and “below-market” leases at their fair values (using a discount rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) equal to the difference between (1) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to each in-place lease and (2) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for each corresponding in-place lease, measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease for above-market leases and the initial term plus the term of any below-market fixed rate renewal options for below-market leases. Acquired “above-” and “below-market” lease values have been reflected within Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets and Other Liabilities, respectively, in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Other intangible assets acquired include amounts for in-place lease values that are based on the Company’s evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease. Factors to be considered include estimates of carrying costs during hypothetical expected lease-up periods considering current market conditions, and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, the Company includes real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods, depending on local market conditions. In estimating costs to execute similar leases, the Company considers leasing commissions, legal and other related expenses.
Management reviews its long-lived assets for impairmentindicators of impairment following the end of each quarter and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. This evaluation of long-lived assets is dependent on a number of factors, including when there is an event or adverse change in circumstancesthe operating performance of the long-lived asset or a current expectation that, indicates an impairment in value.more likely than not, a long-lived asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life or hold period. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The evaluation of anticipated cash flows is highly subjective and is based in part on assumptions regarding anticipated hold periods, future occupancy, future rental rates, andfuture capital requirements, discount rates and capitalization rates that could differ materially from actual results in future periods. Because cash flows on properties considered to be “long-lived assets to be held and used” are considered on an undiscounted basis to determine whether an asset has beenmay be impaired, the Company’s established strategy of holding properties over the long term directly decreases the likelihood of recording an impairment loss. If the Company’s hold strategy changes or market conditions otherwise dictate an earlier sale date, an impairment loss may be recognized, and such loss could be material. If the Company determines that an impairment has occurred, the affected assets must be reduced to their fair value.
Guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360 “Property Plant and Equipment” (“ASC 360”) requires that qualifying assets and liabilities and the results of operations that have been sold, or otherwise qualify as “held for sale,” be presented as discontinued operations in all periods presented if the property operations are expected to be eliminated and the Company will not have significant continuing involvement following the sale. Discontinued operations presentation applies only to disposals representing a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results (e.g., a disposal of a major geographical area, a major line of business, a major equity method investment or other major parts of an entity). The components of the property’s net income that

are reflected as discontinued operations include the net gain (or loss) upon the disposition of the property held for sale, operating results, depreciation and interest expense (if the property is subject to a secured
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loan). The Company generally considers assets to be “held for sale” when the transaction has been approved by Boston Properties, Inc.’s Board of Directors, or a committee thereof, and there are no known significant contingencies relating to the sale, such that a sale of the property within one year is considered probable. Following the classification of a property as “held for sale,” no further depreciation is recorded on the assets, and the asset is written down to the lower of carrying value or fair market value, less cost to sell.
Real estate is stated at depreciated cost. A variety of costs are incurred in the acquisition, development and leasing of properties. The cost of buildings and improvements includes the purchase price of property, legal fees and other acquisition costs. The Company capitalizes acquisition costs that it incurs to effect an asset acquisition and expenses acquisition costs that it incurs to effect a business combination, including legal, due diligence and other closing related costs. Costs directly related to the development of properties are capitalized. Capitalized development costs include interest, internal wages, property taxes, insurance, and other project costs incurred during the period of development. After the determination is made to capitalize a cost, it is allocated to the specific component of the project that benefited from the investment. Determination of when a development project commences and capitalization begins, and when a development project is substantially complete and held available for occupancy and capitalization must cease, involves a degree of judgment. The Company’s capitalization policy on development properties follows the guidance in ASC 835-20 “Capitalization of Interest” and ASC 970 “Real Estate-General.” The costs of land and buildings under development include specifically identifiable costs.
Capitalized costs include pre-construction costs necessary to the development of the property, development costs, construction costs, interest costs, real estate taxes, salaries and related costs and other costs incurred during the period of development. The Company begins the capitalization of costs during the pre-construction period, which it defines as activities that are necessary for the development of the property. The Company considers a construction project as substantially complete and held available for occupancy upon the completion of tenant improvements, but no later than one year from cessation of major construction activity. The Company ceases capitalization on the portion (1) substantially completed, (2) occupied or held available for occupancy, and capitalizes only those costs associated with the portion under construction or (3) if activities necessary for the development of the property have been suspended. Interest costs capitalized for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 20162018 were approximately $65.8$53.9 million, $61.1$54.9 million and $39.2$65.8 million, respectively. Salaries and related costs capitalized for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 20162018 were approximately $12.9 million, $10.4 million and $12.5 million, $13.2 million and $11.1 million, respectively.
Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operations as incurred. Significant betterments are capitalized. When assets are sold or retired, their costs and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts with the resulting gains or losses reflected in net income or loss for the period.
The Company computes depreciation and amortization on properties using the straight-line method based on estimated useful asset lives. In accordance with ASC 805 “Business Combinations,” theThe Company allocates the acquisition cost of real estate to its components and depreciates or amortizes these assets (or liabilities) over their useful lives. The amortization of acquired “above-” and “below-market” leases and acquired in-place leases is recorded as an adjustment to revenue and depreciation and amortization, respectively, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
 
Land improvements25 to 40 years
Buildings and improvements10 to 40 years
Tenant improvementsShorter of useful life or terms of related lease
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment3 to 7 years
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and investments with maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase. The majority of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held at major commercial banks which may at times exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limit of $250,000.

Cash Held in Escrows
Escrows include amounts established pursuant to various agreements for security deposits, property taxes, insurance and other costs. Escrows also include cash held by qualified intermediaries for possible investments in
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like-kind exchanges in accordance with Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended (the “Code”), in connection with sales of the Company’s properties.
Investments in Securities
The Company accounts for investments in tradingequity securities at fair value, with gains or losses resulting from changes in fair value recognized currently in earnings. The designation of trading securities is generally determined at acquisition. The Company maintains a deferred compensation planplans that isare designed to allow officers and non-employee directors of Boston Properties, Inc. to defer a portion of theirthe officer’s current income or the non-employee director’s current compensation on a pre-tax basis and receive a tax-deferred return on these deferrals.deferrals based on the performance of specific investments selected by the officer or non-employee director. The Company’s obligation under the planplans is that of an unsecured promise to pay the deferred compensation to the plan participants in the future. At December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the Company had maintained approximately $28.2$39.5 million and $29.2$36.7 million, respectively, in a separate account,accounts, which isare not restricted as to itstheir use. The Company recognized gains (losses) of approximately $(1.9)$5.3 million, $3.7$6.4 million and $2.3$(1.9) million on its investments in the accountaccounts associated with the Company’s deferred compensation planplans during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Tenant and Other Receivables
Tenant and other accounts receivable, other than accrued rents receivable, are expected to be collected within one year.
Notes Receivable
The Company accounts for notes receivable at their unamortized cost, net of any unamortized deferred fees or costs, premiums or discounts and an allowance for loan losses.losses (see “New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted—Financial Instruments - Credit Losses”). Loan fees and direct costs associated with loans originated by the Company are deferred and amortized over the term of the note as interest income. 
Deferred Charges
Deferred charges include leasing costs and certain financing fees. Leasing costs include acquired intangible in-place lease values and direct and incremental fees and costs incurred in the successful negotiation of leases, including brokerage legal, internal leasing employee salaries and other costs which have been deferred and are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases. Unamortized leasing costs are charged to expense upon the early termination of the lease. Fully amortized deferred leasing costs are removed from the books upon the expiration of the lease. The Company did not capitalize any external legal costs and internal leasing salaries and related costs for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (see “Leases”). Internal leasing salaries and related costs capitalized for the yearsyear ended December 31, 2018 2017 and 2016 were approximately $5.4 million, $5.0 million and $7.2 million, respectively (see New Accounting Pronouncements Issued but not yet Adopted “Leases”).million. Financing fees included in deferred charges consist of external fees and costs incurred to obtain the Company'sCompany’s revolving facility and if applicable, the delayed draw facility and construction financing arrangements where there are not sufficient amounts outstanding. Such financing costs have been deferred and are being amortized over the terms of the respective financing and included within interest expense. Unamortized financing costs are charged to expense upon the early repayment or significant modification of the financing. Fully amortized deferred financing costs are removed from the books upon the maturity of the debt.
External fees and costs incurred to obtain mortgage financings and unsecured senior notes have been deferred and are presented as direct deductions from the carrying amounts of the corresponding debt liability. Such financing costs are being amortized over the terms of the respective financing and included within interest expense. Unamortized financing costs are charged to expense upon the early repayment or significant modification of the financing.
Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
The Company consolidates VIEs in which it is considered to be the primary beneficiary. VIEs are entities in which the equity investors do not have sufficient equity at risk to finance their endeavors without additional financial support or that the holders of the equity investment at risk do not have substantive participating rights. The primary beneficiary is defined by the entity having both of the following characteristics: (1) the power to direct the activities that, when taken together, most significantly impact the variable interest entity’s performance, and (2) the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive the returns from the variable interest entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. For ventures that are not VIEs, the Company consolidates entities for which it has significant
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decision making control over

the ventures’ operations. The Company’s judgment with respect to its level of influence or control of an entity involves the consideration of various factors including the form of the Company’s ownership interest, its representation in the entity’s governance, the size of its investment (including loans), estimates of future cash flows, its ability to participate in policy making decisions and the rights of the other investors to participate in the decision making process and to replace the Company as manager and/or liquidate the venture, if applicable. The Company’s assessment of its influence or control over an entity affects the presentation of these investments in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In addition to evaluating control rights, the Company consolidates entities in which the outside partner has no substantive kick-out rights to remove the Company as the managing member.
Accounts of the consolidated entity are included in the accounts of the Company and the noncontrolling interest is reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as a component of equity or in temporary equity between liabilities and equity. Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures are recorded initially at cost, and subsequently adjusted for equity in earnings and cash contributions and distributions. Any difference between the carrying amount of these investments on the balance sheet and the underlying equity in net assets is amortized as an adjustment to equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures over the life of the related asset. Under the equity method of accounting, the net equity investment of the Company is reflected within the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the Company’s share of net income or loss from the joint ventures is included within the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The joint venture agreements may designate different percentage allocations among investors for profits and losses; however, the Company’s recognition of joint venture income or loss generally follows the joint venture’s distribution priorities, which may change upon the achievement of certain investment return thresholds. The Company may account for cash distributions in excess of its investment in an unconsolidated joint venture as income when the Company is not the general partner in a limited partnership and when the Company has neither the requirement nor the intent to provide financial support to the joint venture. The Company classifies distributions received from equity method investees within its Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows using the nature of the distribution approach, which classifies the distributions received on the basis of the nature of the activity or activities of the investee that generated the distribution as either a return on investment (classified as cash inflows from operating activities) or a return of investment (classified as cash inflows from investing activities). The Company’s investments in unconsolidated joint ventures are reviewed for indicators of impairment periodicallyon a quarterly basis and the Company records impairment charges when events or circumstances change indicating that a decline in the fair values below the carrying valuesamounts has occurred and such decline is other-than-temporary. The ultimate realizationThis evaluation of the investmentinvestments in unconsolidated joint ventures is dependent on a number of factors, including the performance of each investment and market conditions. The Company will record an impairment charge if it determines that a decline in the fair value below the carrying valueamount of an investment in an unconsolidated joint venture is other-than-temporary. The fair value is calculated using discounted cash flows which is subjective and considers assumptions regarding future occupancy, future rental rates, future capital requirements, discount rates and capitalization rates that could differ materially from actual results in future periods.
To the extent that the Company contributed assets to a joint venture, the Company’s investment in the joint venture was recorded at the Company’s cost basis in the assets that were contributed to the joint venture. To the extent that the Company’s cost basis is different than the basis reflected at the joint venture level, the basis difference is amortized over the life of the related asset and included in the Company’s share of equity in net income of the joint venture. In accordance with the provisions of ASC 610-20 “Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets” (“ASC 610-20”), the Company will recognize a full gain on both the retained and sold portions of real estate contributed or sold to a joint venture by recognizing its new equity method investment interest at fair value.
The combined summarized financial information of the unconsolidated joint ventures is disclosed in Note 5.6.
Revenue Recognition
In general, the Company commences lease/rental revenue recognition when the tenant takes possession of the leased space and the leased space is substantially ready for its intended use. Contractual lease/rental revenue is reported on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases. The impact of the straight-line rent adjustment increased revenue by approximately $51.9$104.9 million, $54.8$58.4 million and $31.7$51.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, respectively, as the revenue recorded exceeded amounts billed. Accrued rental income, as reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, represents cumulative lease/rental income earned in excess of rent payments received pursuant to the terms of the individual lease agreements.
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The Company maintains an allowance againstmust make estimates as to the collectability of its accrued rental income for future potentialrent and accounts receivable related to lease revenue. Management analyzes accrued rent and accounts receivable by considering tenant credit losses. The credit assessment is based oncreditworthiness, current economic trends, including the estimated accrued rental income that is recoverable over the termimpact of the lease.novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic on tenants’ businesses, and changes in tenants’ payment patterns when evaluating the collectability of the tenant’s receivable balance, including the accrued rent receivable, on a lease-by-lease basis. The Company also maintains an allowancewrites-off the tenant’s receivable balance, including the accrued rent receivable, if the Company considers the balances no longer probable of collection. In addition, tenants in bankruptcy are analyzed and considerations are made in connection with the expected recovery of pre-petition and post-petition claims. If the balances are considered no longer probable of collection and therefore written off, the Company will cease to recognize lease income, including straight-line rent, unless cash is received (See Note 4). If the Company subsequently determines that it is probable it will collect substantially all the remaining lessee’s lease payments under the lease term, the Company will then reinstate the straight-line balance, adjusting for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of tenantsamount related to make required rent payments. The computation of this allowance is based on the tenants’ payment history and current credit status, as well as certain industry or geographic specific credit considerations.period when the lease payments were considered not probable. If the Company’s estimates of collectability differ from the cash received, then the timing and amount of the Company’s reported revenue could be impacted. The credit risk is mitigated by the high quality of the Company’s existing tenant base, reviews of prospective tenants’ risk profiles prior to lease execution and consistent monitoring of the Company’s portfolio to identify potential problem tenants.

In accordance with ASC 805, theThe Company recognizes acquired in-place “above-” and “below-market” leases at their fair values as rental revenue over the original term of the respective leases. The impact of the acquired in-place “above-” and “below-market” leases increased revenue by approximately $23.8$6.5 million, $23.5$20.9 million and $30.2$23.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, respectively. The following table summarizes the scheduled amortization of the Company’s acquired “above-” and “below-market” lease intangibles for each of the five succeeding years (in thousands).
Acquired Above-Market Lease IntangiblesAcquired Below-Market Lease Intangibles
2021$3,019 $6,193 
2022354 5,437 
2023183 5,296 
2024135 3,780 
2025135 3,775 
  Acquired Above-Market Lease Intangibles Acquired Below-Market Lease Intangibles
2019 $7,099
 $27,327
2020 5,394
 10,462
2021 2,988
 6,348
2022 314
 5,669
2023 168
 5,558
Recoveries from tenants, consisting of amounts due from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate taxes and other recoverable costs, are recognized as revenue in the period during which the expenses are incurred.incurred (See “Leases” ). The Company recognizes these reimbursements on a gross basis, as the Company obtains control of the goods and services before they are transferred to the tenant. The Company also receives reimbursements of payroll and payroll related costs from unconsolidated joint venture entities and third parties thatparty property owners in connection with management services contracts which the Company reflects on a gross basis.basis instead of on a net basis as the Company has determined that it is the principal and not the agent under these arrangements in accordance with the guidance in ASC 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”).
The Company’s parking revenue is derived primarily from monthly and transient daily parking. In addition, the Company has certain lease arrangements for parking accounted for under the guidance in ASC 840842 “Leases” (“ASC 840”842”). The monthly and transient daily parking revenue falls within the scope of ASC 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”) and is accounted for at the point in time when control of the goods or services transfers to the customer and the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied (see New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”).satisfied.
The Company’s hotel revenue is derived from room rentals and other sources such as charges to guests for telephone service, movie and vending commissions, meeting and banquet room revenue and laundry services. Hotel revenue is recognized as the hotel rooms are occupied and the services are rendered to the hotel customers (see New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”).customers.
The Company earns management and development fees. Development and management services revenue is earned from unconsolidated joint venture entities and third-party property owners. The Company determined that the performance obligations associated with its development services contracts are satisfied over time and that the Company would recognize its development services revenue under the output method evenly over time from the development commencement date through the substantial completion date of the development management services project due to the stand-ready nature of the contracts. Significant judgments impacting the amount and timing of revenue recognized from the Company'sCompany’s development services contracts include estimates of total development project costs from which the fees are typically derived and estimates of the period of time until substantial completion of the development project, the period of time over which the development services are
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required to be performed. The Company recognizes development fees earned from unconsolidated joint venture projects equal to its cost plus profit to the extent of the third party partners’ ownership interest. Property management fees are recorded and earned based on a percentage of collected rents at the properties under management, and not on a straight-line basis, because such fees are contingent upon the collection of rents (see New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”).rents.
Gains on sales of real estate are recognized pursuant to the provisions included in ASC 610-20. Under ASC 610-20, the Company must first determine whether the transaction is a sale to a customer or non-customer. The Company typically sells real estate on a selective basis and not within the ordinary course of its business and therefore expects that its sale transactions will not be contracts with customers. The Company next determines whether it has a controlling financial interest in the property after the sale, consistent with the consolidation model in ASC 810 "Consolidation"“Consolidation” (“ASC 810”). If the Company determines that it does not have a controlling financial interest in the real estate, it evaluates whether a contract exists under ASC 606 and whether the buyer has obtained control of the asset that was sold. The Company recognizes a full gain on sale of real estate when the derecognition criteria under ASC 610-20 have been met (see New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted “Sales of Real Estate”).met.

Leases
Ground LeasesLessee
For leases in which the Company is the lessee (generally ground leases), in accordance with ASC 842 the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. The Company has non-cancelable ground lease obligations with various initial term expiration dates through 2114.made the policy election to not apply the revenue recognition requirements of ASC 842 to short-term leases. This policy election is made by class of underlying assets and as described below, the Company considers real estate to be a class of underlying assets, and will not be further delineating it into specific uses of the real estate asset as the risk profiles are similar in nature. The Company recognizes ground rent expensewill recognize the lease payments in net income on a straight-line basis over the termslease term.
The lease liability is equal to the present value of the respective ground lease agreements. The future contractual minimum lease payments in accordance with ASC 842. The Company will use its incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) to be made bydetermine the net present value of the minimum lease payments. In order to determine the IBR, the Company asutilized a market-based approach to estimate the incremental borrowing rate for each individual lease. The approach required significant judgment. Therefore, the Company utilized different data sets to estimate base IBRs via an analysis of Decemberthe following weighted-components:
•the interpolated rates from yields on outstanding U.S. Treasury issuances for up to 30 years and for years 31 2018, under non-cancelable ground leases which expire on variousand beyond, longer-term publicly traded educational institution debt issued by high credit quality educational institutions with maturity dates through 2114, are as follows:exceeding 31 years,
Years Ending December 31,(in thousands)
2019$11,425
202018,425
202125,310
20228,894
20239,084
Thereafter567,232
•observable mortgage rates spread over U.S. Treasury issuances, and
Capital Leases•unlevered property yields and discount rates.

The Company has four capital lease obligations with various initial term expiration dates through 2036. The following reflects the gross amount of assets recorded under capital leases by asset class at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands):
  December 31,
  2018 2017
Land held for future development $12,397
 $—
Buildings and improvements 23,636
 23,636
Construction in progress 28,962
 28,962
Total $64,995
 $52,598
The future minimum lease payments, as of December 31, 2018,then applied adjustments to account for considerations related to term and interpolated the four capitalIBR.
Lessor
The Company leases through 2036primarily Class A office, life sciences, retail and residential space to tenants. These leases may contain extension and termination options that are predominately at the sole discretion of the tenant, provided certain conditions are satisfied. In a few instances, the leases also contain purchase options, which would be exercisable at fair market value. Also, certain of the Company’s leases include rental payments that are based on a percentage of the tenant sales in excess of contractual amounts.
Per ASC 842, lessors do not need to separate nonlease components from the associated lease component if certain criteria stated above are met for each class of underlying assets. The guidance in ASC 842 defines “underlying asset” as follows:“an asset that is the subject of a lease for which a right to use that asset has been conveyed to a lessee. The underlying asset could be a physically distinct portion of a single asset.” Based on the above guidance, the Company considers real estate assets as a class of underlying assets and will not be further delineating it into specific uses of the real estate asset as the risk profiles are similar in nature.
Lease components are elements of an arrangement that provide the customer with the right to use an identified asset. Nonlease components are distinct elements of a contract that are not related to securing the use of the leased asset and revenue is recognized in accordance with ASC 606. The Company considers common area maintenance (CAM) and service income associated with tenant work orders to be nonlease components because they represent delivery of a separate service but are not considered a cost of securing the identified asset. In the
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Years Ending December 31,(in thousands)
2019$1,441
202012,682
20212,123
20221,253
2023944
Thereafter73,241
Total expected minimum lease payments91,684
Interest portion(27,497)
Present value of expected net minimum lease payments$64,187
case of the Company’s business, the identified asset would be the leased real estate (office, life sciences, retail or residential).
The Company assessed and concluded that the timing and pattern of transfer for nonlease components and the associated lease component are the same. The Company determined that the predominant component was the lease component and as such its leases will continue to qualify as operating leases and the Company has made a policy election to account for and present the lease component and the nonlease component as a single component in the revenue section of the Consolidated Statements of Operations labeled Lease. Prior to the January 1, 2019 adoption of ASC 842, nonlease components had been included within Recoveries from Tenants Revenue, Parking and Other Revenue and Development and Management Services Revenue on the Company’s Consolidated
Statements of Operations.
Recoveries from tenants, consisting of amounts due from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate taxes and other recoverable costs, are recognized as revenue in the period during which the expenses are incurred. The Company recognizes these reimbursements on a gross basis, as the Company obtains control of the goods and services before they are transferred to the tenant.
In addition, in accordance with ASC 842, lessors will only capitalize incremental direct leasing costs (See “Deferred Charges”). As a result, upon adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2019, the Company no longer capitalizes non-incremental legal costs and internal leasing wages. These costs are expensed as incurred. The expensing of these items is included within General and Administrative Expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Earnings Per Share 
Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders, as adjusted for undistributed earnings (if any) of certain securities issued by Boston Properties Limited Partnership, by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur from shares issuable in connection with awards under stock-based compensation plans, including upon the exercise of stock options, and securities of Boston Properties Limited Partnership that are exchangeable for Common Stock.
Earnings Per Common Unit
Basic earnings per common unit is computed by dividing net income available to common unitholders, as adjusted for undistributed earnings (if any) of certain securities issued by Boston Properties Limited Partnership, by the weighted

average number of common units outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per common unit reflects the potential dilution that could occur from units issuable in connection with awards under Boston Properties, Inc.’s stock-based compensation plans, including upon the exercise of stock options, and conversion of preferred units of Boston Properties Limited Partnership.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, escrows, receivables, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other assets and liabilities are reasonable estimates of their fair values because of the short maturities of these instruments.
The Company follows the authoritative guidance for fair value measurements when valuing its financial instruments for disclosure purposes. Boston Properties Limited Partnership determinesThe table below presents the fair value of its unsecured senior notes using market prices. The inputs used in determiningfinancial instruments that are being valued for disclosure purposes as well as the fair value of Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s unsecured senior notes isLevel at which they are categorized at a Level 1 basis (asas defined in ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”)(see “New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted—Fair Value Measurement”) due to.
Financial InstrumentLevel
Unsecured senior notes (1)Level 1
Related party note receivableLevel 3
Notes receivableLevel 3
Mortgage notes payableLevel 3
Unsecured term loan / line of creditLevel 3
_______________
(1) If trading volume for the fact that it uses quoted market rates to value these instruments. However,period is low, the inputs used in determining the fair valuevaluation could be categorized at aas Level 2 basis (as defined in ASC 820) if trading volumes are low. The Company determines the fair value2.
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Table of its related party note receivable, note receivable and mortgage notes payable using discounted cash flow analysis by discounting the spread between the future contractual interest payments and hypothetical future interest payments on note receivables / mortgage debt based on current market rates for similar securities. In determining the current market rates, the Company adds its estimates of market spreads to the quoted yields on federal government treasury securities with similar maturity dates to its debt. The inputs used in determining the fair value of the Company’s related party note receivable, note receivable, and mortgage notes payable are categorized at a Level 3 basis (as defined in ASC 820) due to the fact that the Company considers the rates used in the valuation techniques to be unobservable inputs. To the extent that there are outstanding borrowings under the unsecured line of credit or unsecured term loan, the Company utilizes a discounted cash flow methodology in order to estimate the fair value. To the extent that credit spreads have changed since the origination, the net present value of the difference between future contractual interest payments and future interest payments based on the Company’s estimate of a current market rate would represent the difference between the book value and the fair value. The Company’s estimate of a current market rate is based upon the rate, considering current market conditions and Boston Properties Limited Partnership's specific credit profile, at which it estimates it could obtain similar borrowings. To the extent there are outstanding borrowings, this current market rate is estimated and therefore would be primarily based upon a Level 3 input.Contents
Because the Company’s valuations of its financial instruments are based on these typesthe above Levels and involve the use of estimates, the actual fair values of its financial instruments may differ materially iffrom those estimates.
The following table identifies the range and weighted average discount rate for the significant unobservable inputs for the Company’s estimates do not prove to be accurate, andLevel 3 fair value measured instruments as of December 31, 2020.
Financial InstrumentLevelRangeWeighted Average
Related party note receivableLevel 33.64%3.64%
Notes receivableLevel 33.60% - 8.00%5.87%
Mortgage notes payableLevel 32.00% - 3.04%2.21%
Unsecured term loan / line of creditLevel 31.04%1.04%
In addition, the Company’s estimated fair values for these instruments as of the end of the applicable reporting period are not projections of, nor necessarily indicative of, estimated or actual fair values in future reporting periods.
The following table presents the aggregate carrying value of the Company’s related party note receivable, notenet, notes receivable, net, mortgage notes payable, net, unsecured senior notes, net, unsecured line of credit and unsecured term loan, net and the Company’s corresponding estimate of fair value as of December 31, 20182020 and December 31, 20172019 (in thousands):
 
December 31, 2020December 31, 2019
December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Carrying
Amount		Estimated
Fair Value		Carrying
Amount		Estimated
Fair Value
Carrying
Amount
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Estimated
Fair Value
Related party note receivable$80,000
 $80,000
 $—
 $—
Note receivable19,468
 19,468
 —
 —
Related party note receivable, netRelated party note receivable, net$77,552 $84,579 $80,000 $81,931 
Note receivable, netNote receivable, net18,729 19,372 15,920 14,978 
Total$99,468
 $99,468
 $—
 $—
Total$96,281 $103,951 $95,920 $96,909 
       
Mortgage notes payable, net$2,964,572
 $2,903,925
 $2,979,281
 $3,042,920
Mortgage notes payable, net$2,909,081 $3,144,150 $2,922,408 $2,984,956 
Unsecured senior notes, net7,544,697
 7,469,338
 7,247,330
 7,461,615
Unsecured senior notes, net9,639,287 10,620,527 8,390,459 8,826,375 
Unsecured line of credit—
 —
 45,000
 45,000
Unsecured line of credit0 0 0 0 
Unsecured term loan, net498,488
 500,783
 —
 —
Unsecured term loan, net499,390 500,326 498,939 500,561 
Total$11,007,757
 $10,874,046
 $10,271,611
 $10,549,535
Total$13,047,758 $14,265,003 $11,811,806 $12,311,892 
The Company uses interest rate swap agreements to manage its interest rate risk. The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves. To comply with the provisions of ASC 820, the Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. Although the Company determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by the Company and its counterparties. The Company assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and determined that the credit valuation adjustments were not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, the Company has determined that its derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Derivative instruments and hedging activities require management to make judgments on the nature of its derivatives and their effectiveness as hedges. These judgments determine if the changes in fair value of the derivative instruments are reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as a component of net income or as a component of comprehensive income and as a component of equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. While management believes its judgments are reasonable, a change in a derivative’s effectiveness as a hedge could materially affect expenses, net income and equity. The Company accounts for both the effective and ineffective portions of changes in the fair value of a derivative in other comprehensive income (loss) and
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subsequently reclassifies the fair value of the derivative to earnings over the term that the hedged transaction affects earnings and in the same line item as the hedged transaction within the statements of operationsoperations (see “New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted “Adopted—Derivatives and Hedging”Hedging”).
Stock-Based Employee Compensation Plans
At December 31, 2018,2020, the Company hashad a stock-based employee compensation plan. The Company accounts for the plan under the guidance in ASC 718 “Compensation – Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”), which revised the fair value based method of accounting for share-based payment liabilities, forfeitures and modifications of stock-based awards and clarified previous guidance in several areas, including measuring fair value, classifying an award as equity or as a liability and attributing compensation cost to reporting periods.
Reclassification
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates include such items as depreciation and allowances for doubtful accounts. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it considers to be reasonable under the circumstances, including the impact of extraordinary events such as COVID-19, the results of which form the basis for making significant judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities, assessments of future collectability, and other areas of the financial statements that are impacted by the use of estimates. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted
Revenue from Contracts with CustomersFinancial Instruments - Credit Losses    
In May 2014,June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”Accounting Standards Update (“ASU 2014-09”ASU”). The objective of ASU 2014-09 is to establish a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers, which supersedes most of the existing revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The core principle is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In applying ASU 2014-09, companies will perform a five-step analysis of transactions to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The five-step analysis consists of the following: (i) identifying the contract with a customer, (ii) identifying the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determining the transaction price, (iv) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and (v) recognizing revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance

obligation. ASU 2014-09 applies to all contracts with customers except those that are within the scope of other topics in the FASB’s ASC. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date” (“ASU 2015-14”), which delayed the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year making it effective for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption was permitted as of the original effective date. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients” (“ASU 2016-12”). ASU 2016-12 is intended to clarify and provide practical expedients for certain aspects of ASU 2014-09 and notes that lease contracts with customers are a scope exception. ASU 2014-09 was effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017.
The Company adopted ASU 2014-09 effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The adoption of ASU 2014-09 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company applied the guidance only to contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. The Company does not have material contract assets and liabilities within the scope of ASC 606. The adoption of ASU 2014-09 resulted in a change to the timing pattern of revenue recognized, but not the total revenue recognized over time for certain of the Company’s development services contracts. As a result, the modified retrospective approach resulted in the Company recognizing on January 1, 2018 the cumulative effect of adopting ASU 2014-09 aggregating approximately $4.9 million to Dividends in Excess of Earnings of Boston Properties, Inc. and Partners’ Capital of Boston Properties Limited Partnership and approximately $0.6 million to Noncontrolling Interests - Common Units of Boston Properties, Inc. and Noncontrolling Interests - Redeemable Partnership Units of Boston Properties Limited Partnership on the corresponding Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The Company disaggregates its revenue by source within its Consolidated Statements of Operations. As an owner and operator of real estate, the Company derives the majority of its revenue from leasing space to tenants at its properties. As a result, the majority of the Company’s revenue is accounted for pursuant to ASC 840 and is reflected within Base Rent in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. In addition, the Company earns revenue from recoveries from tenants, consisting of amounts due from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate taxes and other recoverable costs. Revenue from recoveries from tenants is recognized under the guidance within ASC 840 until the adoption of ASC 842 “Leases” in 2019 at which time it may fall within the guidance under ASC 606 (see New Accounting Pronouncements Issued but not yet Adopted “Leases”).
The Company also earns revenue from the following sources; parking and other revenue, hotel revenue and development and management services revenue.
Parking and other revenue is derived primarily from monthly and transient daily parking. In addition, the Company has certain lease arrangements for parking accounted for under the guidance in ASC 840. The monthly and transient daily parking revenue falls within the scope of ASC 606 and is accounted for at the point in time when control of the goods or services transfers to the customer and the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied, consistent with the Company’s previous accounting.
Hotel revenue is derived from room rentals and other sources such as charges to guests for telephone service, movie and vending commissions, meeting and banquet room revenue and laundry services. Hotel revenue also falls within the scope of ASC 606 and is accounted for at the point in time when control of the goods or services transfers to the customer and the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied, consistent with the Company’s previous accounting.
Development and management services revenue is earned from unconsolidated joint venture entities and third-party property owners. The Company determined that the performance obligations associated with its development services contracts are satisfied over time and that the Company would recognize its development services revenue under the output method evenly over time from the development commencement date through the substantial completion date of the development management services project due to the stand-ready nature of the contracts. Significant judgments impacting the amount and timing of revenue recognized from the Company's development services contracts include estimates of total development project costs from which the fees are typically derived and estimates of the period of time until substantial completion of the development project, the period of time over which the development services are required to be performed. As a result, the pattern of revenue recognized over time under ASC 606 differs from the Company’s previous accounting. The Company recognizes development fees earned from unconsolidated joint venture projects equal to its cost plus profit to the extent of the third party partners’ ownership interest. Property management fees are recorded and earned based on a percentage of collected rents at the properties under management, and not on a straight-line basis, because such fees are contingent upon the collection of

rents. The revenue recognized under property management services contracts is recognized consistent with the Company's previous accounting.
ASU 2014-09 also updates the principal versus agent considerations and, as a result, the Company determined that amounts reimbursed for payroll and related costs received from unconsolidated joint venture entities and third party property owners in connection with management services contracts should be reflected on a gross basis instead of on a net basis as the Company has determined that it is the principal under these arrangements. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recognized approximately $9.6 million of expenses consisting of payroll and related costs from management services contracts and recognized corresponding revenue of approximately $9.6 million reflecting the direct reimbursements of such costs from the unconsolidated joint venture entities and third-party property owners.
Financial Instruments
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“ASU 2016-01”). ASU 2016-01 requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, requires public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes, requires separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset, and eliminates the requirement for public business entities to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost. ASU 2016-01 is effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2016-01 effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-01 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Statement of Cash Flows
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)” (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. The areas addressed in the new guidance related to debt prepayment costs, settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned and bank-owned life insurance policies, distributions received from equity method investments, beneficial interest in securitization transactions, and separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. ASU 2016-15 was effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted (provided that all of the amendments are adopted in the same period), and was required to be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company adopted ASU 2016-15 effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 resulted in the classification of debt prepayment and extinguishment costs totaling approximately $16.0 million as a component of financing activities instead of as a component of operating activities in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 resulted in the retrospective classification of debt prepayment and extinguishment costs totaling approximately $12.8 million as a component of financing activities instead of as a component of operating activities in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2017.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)” (“ASU 2016-18”). ASU 2016-18 requires companies to include restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 also requires a disclosure of a reconciliation between the statement of financial position and the statement of cash flows when the statement of financial position includes more than one line item for cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents. Entities with material restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents balances are required to disclose the nature of the restrictions. ASU 2016-18 was effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted, and is required to be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company adopted ASU 2016-18 effective January 1, 2018. The retrospective adoption of ASU 2016-18 resulted in an increase to net cash provided by operating activities totaling approximately $4.5 million, a decrease to net cash used in investing activities totaling approximately $15.8 million, a decrease to net cash provided by financing activities totaling approximately $12.9 million, and a corresponding increase to the net increase in cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows totaling approximately $7.4 million from amounts previously reported for the year ended December 31, 2017. The

retrospective adoption of ASU 2016-18 resulted in a decrease to net cash provided by operating activities totaling approximately $2.3 million, an increase to net cash used in investing activities totaling approximately $8.3 million, no change to net cash used in financing activities, and a corresponding increase to the net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows totaling approximately $10.6 million from amounts previously reported for the year ended December 31, 2016. Cash held in escrows include amounts established pursuant to various agreements for security deposits, property taxes, insurance and other costs. Cash held in escrows also include cash held by qualified intermediaries for possible investments in like-kind exchanges in accordance with Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, in connection with sales of the Company’s properties.
Business Combinations
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business” (“ASU 2017-01”). ASU 2017-01 clarifies the framework for determining whether an integrated set of assets and activities meets the definition of a business. The revised framework establishes a screen for determining whether an integrated set of assets and activities is a business and narrows the definition of a business, which is expected to result in fewer transactions being accounted for as business combinations. Acquisitions of integrated sets of assets and activities that do not meet the definition of a business are accounted for as asset acquisitions. This update is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted for transactions that have not been reported in previously issued (or available to be issued) financial statements and shall be applied on a prospective basis. The Company early adopted ASU 2017-01 during the first quarter of 2017. The Company expects that acquisitions of real estate or in-substance real estate will not meet the revised definition of a business because substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets (i.e. land, buildings, and related intangible assets) or because the acquisition does not include a substantive process in the form of an acquired workforce or an acquired contract that cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort or delay.
Sales of Real Estate
In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-05, “Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets” (“ASU 2017-05”). ASU 2017-05 updates the definition of an “in substance nonfinancial asset” and clarifies the derecognition guidance for nonfinancial assets to conform with the new revenue recognition standard. The effective date and transition methods of ASU 2017-05 are aligned with ASU 2014-09 described above and were effective for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted ASU 2017-05 effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The adoption of ASU 2017-05 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. See also Note 3.
Stock Compensation
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting” (“ASU 2017-09”). ASU 2017-09 is intended to provide clarity and reduce (1) diversity in practice, (2) cost and (3) complexity when applying the guidance in Topic 718 to a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. ASU 2017-09 was effective for public entities for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted ASU 2017-09 effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2017-09 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
Derivatives and Hedging
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities” (“ASU 2017-12”). ASU 2017-12 was issued with the objective of improving the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. ASU 2017-12 also makes certain targeted improvements to simplify the application of the hedge accounting guidance. ASU 2017-12 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted ASU 2017-12 effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2017-12 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2018, the Company does not have any outstanding hedges, but continues to reclassify into earnings as an increase primarily to interest expense approximately $1.7 million per quarter relating to previously settled interest rate contracts.

New Accounting Pronouncements Issued but not yet Adopted
Leases    
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”), which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e., lessees and lessors). ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase of the leased asset by the lessee. This classification will determine whether the lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases today. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. ASU 2016-02 supersedes previous leasing standards.
On July 30, 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements” (“ASU 2018-11”), that (1) simplifies transition requirements for both lessees and lessors by adding an option that permits an organization to apply the transition provisions of the new standard at its adoption date instead of at the earliest comparative period presented in its financial statements and (2) allows lessors to elect, as a practical expedient, by class of underlying asset, to not separate nonlease components from the associated lease component and, instead, to account for those components as a single component if the nonlease components otherwise would be accounted for under the new revenue guidance (ASC 606) and both of the following are met:
(1) the timing and pattern of transfer of the nonlease component(s) and associated lease components are the same; and
(2) the lease component, if accounted for separately, would be classified as an operating lease.
If the nonlease component or components associated with the lease component are the predominant component of the combined component, an entity is required to account for the combined component in accordance with ASC 606. Certain disclosures are required if applying this practical expedient. ASU 2016-02 is effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted.
The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 and ASU 2018-11 effective January 1, 2019. For purposes of transition, the Company did not elect the hindsight practical expedient but did elect the practical expedient package, which has been applied consistently to all of its leases. The practical expedient package did not require the Company to reassess the following: (i) whether an expired or existing contract meets the definition of a lease; (ii) the lease classification at the adoption date for existing leases; and (iii) whether costs previously capitalized as initial direct costs would continue to be amortized. This allows the Company to continue to account for its ground leases as operating leases, however, any new or renewed ground leases may be classified as financing leases unless they meet certain conditions. The Company does expect to record an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings of approximately $4.0 million related to initial direct costs that, as of January 1, 2019, had not started to amortize and would no longer be allowed to be capitalized in accordance with ASC 842.
Lessor perspective - ASU 2018-11 provides lessors a practical expedient to not separate nonlease components from the associated lease component if certain criteria stated above are met. The Company assessed these criteria and concluded that the timing and pattern of transfer for nonlease components and the associated lease component are the same. The Company determined that the predominate component was the lease component and as such the leases will continue to qualify as operating leases and the Company will account for and present the lease component and the nonlease component as a single component on its Consolidated Statements of Operations beginning with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ending March 31, 2019.
In addition, under ASU 2016-02, lessors will only capitalize incremental direct leasing costs. As a result, the Company will no longer be able to capitalize non-incremental legal costs and internal leasing wages and instead will be required to expense these and other non-incremental costs as incurred.
Lessee perspective - For leases in which the Company is the lessee, primarily consisting of ground leases, the Company will recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability equal to the present value of the minimum lease payments in accordance with the prior lease accounting guidance. From a lessee perspective, the adoption on January 1, 2019 will result in the recognition of a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability for four leases of approximately

$148.8 million and $199.7 million, respectively. A ROU asset and lease liability will be presented on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets beginning with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ending March 31, 2019.
The adoption of this standard will also result in additional quantitative and qualitative footnote disclosures beginning with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ending March 31, 2019.
In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-01, “Leases (Topic 842): Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842” (“ASU 2018-01”), which provides an optional transition practical expedient to not evaluate under Topic 842 existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted for as leases under the current leases guidance in Topic 840.  An entity that elects this practical expedient should evaluate new or modified land easements under Topic 842 beginning at the date that the entity adopts Topic 842.  An entity that does not elect this practical expedient should evaluate all existing or expired land easements in connection with the adoption of the new lease requirements in Topic 842 to assess whether they meet the definition of a lease.  The effective date and transition requirements for ASU 2018-01 are the same as the effective date and transition requirements in ASU 2016-02. The Company adopted ASU 2018-01 on January 1, 2019. The Company elected to utilize the practical expedient and has created procedures and controls to monitor new or modified land easements.
Financial Instruments - Credit Losses
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 is intended to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. To achieve this objective, ASU 2016-13 replacesdate by replacing the current incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 is effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is assessing the potential impact that the adoption of ASU 2016-13 will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses” (“ASU 2018-19”). ASU 2018-19 clarifies that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of ASC 326-20, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - Measured at Amortized Cost,” which includesaddresses financial assets measured at amortized cost basis, including net investments in leases arising from sales-type and direct financing leases. Instead, impairment of receivables arising from operating leases should be accounted for in accordance with ASC 842 “Leases.”- “Leases” (“ASC 842”). ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2018-19 iswere effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2018-19 are applicable to the Company with respect to (1) certain of its accounts receivable, except for amounts arising from operating leases accounted for under ASC 842, (2) its related party note receivable, (3) its notes receivable and (4) certain of its off-balance sheet credit exposures. The Company is assessingadopted ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2018-19 effective January 1, 2020 using the potential impact that themodified retrospective approach. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2018-19 will haveresulted in the Company recognizing an allowance for current expected credit losses associated with (1) its related party note receivable, (2) its notes receivable and (3) an off-balance sheet loan commitment arrangement. As a result, the modified retrospective approach resulted in the Company recognizing on its consolidated financial statements.January 1, 2020, the cumulative effect of adopting ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2018-19 aggregating approximately $1.5 million to Dividends in Excess of Earnings of Boston Properties, Inc. and Partners’ Capital of Boston Properties Limited Partnership and approximately $0.2 million to Noncontrolling Interests - Common Units of Boston Properties, Inc. and Noncontrolling Interests - Redeemable Partnership Units of Boston Properties Limited Partnership on the corresponding Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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Fair Value Measurement
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement” (“ASU 2018-13”). ASU 2018-13 is intended to improve the effectiveness of disclosures required by entities regarding recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 iswas effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The adoption ofCompany adopted ASU 2018-13 willon January 1, 2020 and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company'sCompany’s consolidated financial statements.
Derivatives and Hedging
In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-16, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes” (“ASU 2018-16”). ASU 2018-16 permits the use of the overnight index swap rate based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) to be used as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for purposes of applying hedge accounting under ASC 815.815, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815).” ASU 2018-16 iswas effective for the Company, which has already adopted ASU 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815):Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities” for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and iswas required to be adopted on a prospective basis for qualifying new or re-designated hedging relationships entered into on or after the date of adoption. The adoption ofCompany adopted ASU 2018-16 willon January 1, 2019 and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company'sCompany’s consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting” (“ASU 2020-04”). ASU 2020-04 contains practical expedients for reference rate reform related activities that impact debt, leases, derivatives and other contracts. The guidance in ASU 2020-04 is optional and may be elected over time as reference rate reform activities occur. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company elected to apply the hedge accounting expedients related to probability and the assessments of effectiveness for future LIBOR-indexed cash flows to assume that the index upon which future hedged transactions will be based matches the index on the corresponding derivatives. Application of these expedients preserves the presentation of derivatives consistent with past presentation. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of the guidance and may apply other elections as applicable as additional changes in the market occur.
In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope” (“ASU 2021-01”). ASU 2021-01 amends the scope of the recent reference rate reform guidance (Topic 848). ASU 2021-01 permits entities to elect certain optional expedients when accounting for derivative instruments impacted by changes in the interest rate used for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment (i.e., discount transition). The new optional expedients for contract modifications and hedge accounting are expected to benefit companies, including those with certain centrally cleared derivatives affected by a discount rate transition in 2020. ASU 2021-01 is effective immediately and can be applied retrospectively to any interim period beginning January 1, 2020 or prospectively to any new modifications in any period including or subsequent to the issuance date. ASU 2021-01 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Consolidation
In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-17, “Consolidation (Topic 810): Targeted Improvements to Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities” (“ASU 2018-17”). ASU 2018-17 is intended to improve the accounting when considering indirect interests held through related parties under common control for determining whether fees paid to decision makers and service providers are variable interests. ASU 2018-17 iswas effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is assessing the potential impact thatadopted ASU 2018-17 on January 1, 2020 and the adoption of ASU 2018-17 willdid not have a material impact on itsthe Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Boston Properties, Inc.
Equity Offering Costs
Underwriting commissions and offering costs have been reflected as a reduction of additional paid-in capital.
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Treasury Stock
Boston Properties, Inc.’s share repurchases are reflected as treasury stock utilizing the cost method of accounting and are presented as a reduction to consolidated stockholders’ equity.
Dividends
Earnings and profits, which determine the taxability of dividends to stockholders, will differ from income reported for financial reporting purposes due to the differences for federal income tax purposes in the treatment of gains/losses on the sale of real property, revenue and expense recognition, compensation expense, and in the estimated useful lives and basis used to compute depreciation.
The tax treatment of common dividends per share for federal income tax purposes is as follows: 
 For the year ended December 31,
 202020192018
 Per Share%Per Share%Per Share%
Ordinary income$2.52 64.91 %$2.99 94.84 %$2.79 78.17 %
Capital gain income0.99 25.49 %0.16 5.16 %0.78 21.83 %
Return of capital0.37 9.60 %0 0 %0 0 %
Total$3.88 (1)100.00 %$3.15 (2)100.00 %$3.57 (3)100.00 %
  For the year ended December 31,
  2018 2017 2016
  Per Share % Per Share % Per Share %
Ordinary income $2.79
 78.17% $2.86
 98.29% $2.76
 90.51%
Capital gain income 0.78
 21.83% 0.05
 1.71% 0.29
 9.49%
Total $3.57
(1)100.00% $2.91
(2)100.00% $3.05
(3)100.00%
_____________
_____________(1)The fourth quarter 2020 regular quarterly dividend was $0.98 per common share, all of which was allocable to 2021.
(1)The fourth quarter 2018 regular quarterly dividend was $0.95 per common share of which approximately $0.69 per common share was allocable to 2018 and approximately $0.26 per common share is allocable to 2019.
(2)The fourth quarter 2017 regular quarterly dividend was $0.80 per common share of which approximately $0.47 per common share was allocable to 2017 and approximately $0.33 per common share is allocable to 2018.
(3)The fourth quarter 2016 regular quarterly dividend was $0.75 per common share of which approximately $0.56 per common share was allocable to 2016 and approximately $0.19 per common share is allocable to 2017.
(2)The fourth quarter 2019 regular quarterly dividend was $0.98 per common share of which approximately $0.04 per common share was allocable to 2019 and approximately $0.94 per common share was allocable to 2020.
(3)The fourth quarter 2018 regular quarterly dividend was $0.95 per common share of which approximately $0.69 per common share was allocable to 2018 and approximately $0.26 per common share was allocable to 2019.
Income Taxes
Boston Properties, Inc. has elected to be treated as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code, of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 1997. As a result, it generally will not be subject to federal corporate income tax on its taxable income that is distributed to its stockholders. A REIT is subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that it currently distribute at least 90% of its annual taxable income (with certain adjustments). Boston Properties, Inc.’s policy is to distribute at least 100% of its taxable income. Accordingly, the only provision for federal income taxes in the accompanying consolidated financial statements relates to Boston Properties, Inc.’s consolidated taxable REIT subsidiaries. Boston Properties, Inc.’s taxable REIT subsidiaries did not have significant tax provisions or deferred income tax items. Boston Properties, Inc. has no uncertain tax positions recognized as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017.2019.At December 31, 2020, Boston Properties, Inc.’s tax returns for the years 2017 forward remain subject to examination by the major tax jurisdictions under the statute of limitations.
The Company owns a hotel property that it leases to one of its taxable REIT subsidiaries and that is managed by Marriott International, Inc. The hotel taxable REIT subsidiary, a wholly owned subsidiary of Boston Properties Limited Partnership, is the lessee pursuant to the lease for the hotel property. As lessor, Boston Properties Limited Partnership is entitled to a percentage of gross receipts from the hotel property. Marriott International, Inc. continues to manage the hotel property under the Marriott name and under terms of the existinga management agreement. The hotel taxable

REIT subsidiary is subject to tax at the federal and state level and, accordingly, Boston Properties, Inc. has recorded a tax provision in its Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016.2018.
Certain entities included in Boston Properties, Inc.’s consolidated financial statements are subject to certain state and local taxes. These taxes are recorded as operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Income Taxes
The partners are required to report their respective share of Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s taxable income or loss on their respective tax returns and are liable for any related taxes thereon. Accordingly, the only provision for federal income taxes in the accompanying consolidated financial statements relates to Boston
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Properties Limited Partnership’s consolidated taxable REIT subsidiaries. Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s taxable REIT subsidiaries did not have significant tax provisions or deferred income tax items. Boston Properties Limited Partnership has no uncertain tax positions recognized as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017.2019. At December 31, 2020, Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s tax returns for the years 2017 forward remain subject to examination by the major tax jurisdictions under the statute of limitations.
The Company owns a hotel property which is managed through a taxable REIT subsidiary. The hotel taxable REIT subsidiary, a wholly owned subsidiary Boston Properties Limited Partnership, is the lessee pursuant to the lease for the hotel property. As lessor, Boston Properties Limited Partnership is entitled to a percentage of gross receipts from the hotel property. Marriott International, Inc. continues to manage the hotel property under the Marriott name and under terms of the existinga management agreement. The hotel taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to tax at the federal and state level and, accordingly, Boston Properties Limited Partnership has recorded a tax provision in its Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016.2018.
Certain entities included in Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s consolidated financial statements are subject to certain state and local taxes. These taxes are recorded as operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
3. Real Estate
Boston Properties, Inc.
Real estate consisted of the following at December 31, 20182020 and December 31, 20172019 (in thousands):
 2018 2017December 31, 2020December 31, 2019
Land $5,072,568
 $5,080,679
Land$5,069,206 $5,111,606 
Right of use assets - finance leasesRight of use assets - finance leases237,393 237,394 
Right of use assets - operating leasesRight of use assets - operating leases146,406 148,640 
Land held for future development (1) 200,498
 204,925
Land held for future development (1)450,954 254,828 
Buildings and improvements 13,356,751
 12,284,164
Buildings and improvements13,777,691 13,646,054 
Tenant improvements 2,396,932
 2,219,608
Tenant improvements2,752,880 2,656,439 
Furniture, fixtures and equipment 44,351
 37,928
Furniture, fixtures and equipment49,606 44,313 
Construction in progress 578,796
 1,269,338
Construction in progress868,773 789,736 
Total 21,649,896
 21,096,642
Total23,352,909 22,889,010 
Less: Accumulated depreciation (4,897,777) (4,589,634)Less: Accumulated depreciation(5,534,102)(5,266,798)
 $16,752,119
 $16,507,008
$17,818,807 $17,622,212 
_______________
(1)Includes pre-development costs.

(1)Includes pre-development costs.
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Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Real estate consisted of the following at December 31, 20182020 and December 31, 20172019 (in thousands):
 2018 2017December 31, 2020December 31, 2019
Land $4,971,475
 $4,976,303
Land$4,971,990 $5,011,153 
Right of use assets - finance leasesRight of use assets - finance leases237,393 237,394 
Right of use assets - operating leasesRight of use assets - operating leases146,406 148,640 
Land held for future development (1) 200,498
 204,925
Land held for future development (1)450,954 254,828 
Buildings and improvements 13,059,488
 11,977,062
Buildings and improvements13,498,098 13,351,286 
Tenant improvements 2,396,932
 2,219,608
Tenant improvements2,752,880 2,656,439 
Furniture, fixtures and equipment 44,351
 37,928
Furniture, fixtures and equipment49,606 44,313 
Construction in progress 578,796
 1,269,338
Construction in progress868,773 789,736 
Total 21,251,540
 20,685,164
Total22,976,100 22,493,789 
Less: Accumulated depreciation (4,800,475) (4,496,959)Less: Accumulated depreciation(5,428,576)(5,162,908)
 $16,451,065
 $16,188,205
$17,547,524 $17,330,881 
_______________
(1)Includes pre-development costs.
Development/Redevelopment(1)Includes pre-development costs.
Developments
On January 24, 2018,March 26, 2020, the Company entered into a lease agreement with an affiliate of Leidos Holdings, Inc. forcompleted and fully placed in-service 17Fifty Presidents Street located in Reston, Virginia. 17Fifty Presidents Street is a build-to-suit project with approximately 276,000 net rentable square feet of Class A office space at the Company's 17Fifty Presidents Street development project located in Reston, Virginia. Concurrently with the execution of the lease, the Company commenced development of the project and expects the building to be completed and available for occupancy during the second quarter of 2020.
On January 31, 2018, the Company partially placed in-service its Signature at Reston development project comprised of 508 apartment units and retail space aggregating approximately 518,000 square feet located in Reston, Virginia. This project was completed and fully placed in-service on June 7, 2018.
On February 23, 2018, the Company entered into a lease agreement with Fannie Mae to lease approximately 850,000 net rentable square feet of Class A office space at the Company's Reston Gateway development project located in Reston, Virginia. The initial phase of the project will consist of two Class A office buildings aggregating approximately 1.1 million net rentable square feet. On August 31, 2018, the Company commenced development of the project.that is 100% leased.
On June 20, 2018, the Company partially placed in-service its Proto Kendall Square development project comprised of 280 apartment units and retail space aggregating approximately 167,000 square feet located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. This project was completed and fully placed in-service on September 1, 2018.
On August 7, 2018, the Company entered into an agreement with a third party to (1) share certain pre-development costs during the pre-lease period and (2) to form a joint venture to thereafter own and develop a leasehold interest in 343 Madison Avenue located in New York City, which will support a Class A office tower with approximately 850,000 net rentable square feet. The Company will serve as development manager of the project and will own a 55% interest in the joint venture. In 2016, the Company was selected by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority ("MTA") as the developer of the project and will enter into a pre-lease agreement and a 99-year ground lease with the MTA for the site. There can be no assurances that the transaction will be completed on the terms currently contemplated, or at all.
On November 9, 2018,2020, the Company completed and fully placed in-service 191 Spring Street, a Class A office redevelopment project with approximately 171,000 square feet located in Lexington, Massachusetts.
On December 1, 2018, a consolidated entity in which the Company has a 95% interest completed and fully placed in-service Salesforce Tower,20 CityPoint, a Class A office project with approximately 1,421,000211,000 net rentable square feet located in Waltham, Massachusetts. The office portion of the property is 100% leased, including a lease with a future commencement.
On June 26, 2020, the Company completed the acquisition of real property at 777 Harrison Street (known as Fourth + Harrison and formerly known as 425 Fourth Street) located in San Francisco, California (See Notes 10for a gross purchase price, including entitlements, totaling approximately $140.1 million. On July 31, 2020 and 19).
Ground Lease
On November 29, 2018,December 16, 2020, the Company executed a 65-year ground lease for land totaling approximately 5.6 acresacquired real property at Platform 16759 Harrison Street located in San Jose,Francisco, California, which willis expected to be included in the Fourth + Harrison development project, for an aggregate purchase price totaling approximately $4.5 million. 759 Harrison Street and Fourth + Harrison are expected to support the development of approximately 1.1 million850,000 square feet of primarily commercial office space.
On August 15, 2020, the Company completed and fully placed in-service The ground lease providesSkylyne, an approximately 331,000 square foot project comprised of 402 residential units and retail space located in Oakland, California.
On November 3, 2020, the Company signed an approximately 138,000 square-foot, 10-year lease with the right to purchase the land during a 12-

month period commencingnew tenant at 200 West Street in the 13th month following the rent commencement date at a purchase price of approximately $134.8 million.Waltham, Massachusetts. The Company made a deposit totaling $15.0 million, which deposit may only be credited against the purchase price of the land. The Company’s option to purchase the land is considered a bargain purchase option and as a result, the Company has concluded that the lease should be accounted for as a capital lease. At the inception of the ground lease onlycurrently redeveloping a portion of 200 West Street into life sciences space with expected completion in 2021. With this lease, the land was available for lease from the lessor (See Note 19). As a result, the Company recorded an approximately $12.4 million capital lease asset and liability, whichproperty is reflected within Real Estate (Land Held for Future Development) and Other Liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, reflecting the portion of the land available for lease from the lessor under the ground lease. Capital lease assets and liabilities are accounted for at the lower of fair market value or the present value of future minimum lease payments. The capital lease is for land only. Therefore, the Company will not depreciate the capital lease asset because land is assumed to have an indefinite life.
As of November 29, 2018, future minimum lease payments related to the recognized portion of the capital lease are as follows (in thousands):
Period from November 29, 2018 through December 31, 2018$1,385
2019427
202011,132
Total expected minimum lease payments12,944
Interest portion(547)
Present value of expected net minimum lease payments$12,397
100% leased.
Dispositions
On January 9, 2018,28, 2020, the Company completed the sale ofentered into a joint venture with a third party to own, operate and develop properties at its 500 E Street, S.W. propertyGateway Commons complex located in Washington, DCSouth San Francisco, California. The Company contributed its 601, 611 and 651 Gateway properties and development rights with an agreed upon value aggregating approximately $350.0 million for its 50% interest in the joint venture. 601, 611 and 651 Gateway consist of 3 Class A office properties aggregating approximately 768,000 net rentable square feet. The partner contributed 3 properties and development rights with an agreed upon value aggregating approximately $280.8 million at closing and will contribute cash totaling approximately $69.2 million in the future for its 50% ownership interest in the joint venture. As a net contract sale priceresult of the partner’s deferred contribution, the Company had an initial approximately $118.6 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $116.1 million, resulting55% interest in the joint venture. Future development projects will be owned 49% by the Company and 51% by its partner. Upon the partner’s contribution, the Company ceased accounting for the joint venture entity on a consolidated basis and is accounting for the joint venture entity on an unconsolidated basis using the equity method of accounting, as it has reduced its ownership interest in the joint venture entity and no longer has a controlling financial or operating interest in the joint venture entity (See Note 6). The Company recognized a gain on salethe retained and sold interest in
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the real estate contributed to the joint venture totaling approximately $96.4$217.7 million for Boston Properties, Inc. and approximately $98.9$222.4 million for Boston Properties Limited Partnership. 500 E Street, S.W. is an approximately 262,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property. 500 E Street, S.W.Partnership during the year ended December 31, 2020 within Gains on Sales of Real Estate on the respective Consolidated Statements of Operations, as the fair value of the real estate exceeded its carrying value. 601, 611 and 651 Gateway contributed approximately $0.1$0.2 million of net income to the Company for the period from January 1, 20182020 through January 8, 201827, 2020 and contributed approximately $6.5$10.4 million and $7.6$8.6 million of net income to the Company for the years ended December 31, 20172019 and 2016,2018, respectively.
On May 24, 2018,February 20, 2020, the Company completed the sale of its 91 Hartwell Avenue propertyNew Dominion Technology Park located in Lexington, MassachusettsHerndon, Virginia for a gross sale price of approximately $22.2$256.0 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $21.7$254.0 million, resulting in a gain on sale of real estate totaling approximately $15.5$192.3 million for Boston Properties, Inc. and approximately $15.9$197.1 million for Boston Properties Limited Partnership. 91 Hartwell AvenueNew Dominion Technology Park is ancomprised of 2 Class A office properties aggregating approximately 119,000493,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property. 91 Hartwell Avenuefeet. New Dominion Technology Park contributed approximately $0.3$1.6 million of net income to the Company for the period from January 1, 20182020 through May 23, 2018February 19, 2020 and contributed approximately $0.5$6.8 million and $0.4$8.2 million of net income to the Company for the years ended December 31, 20172019 and 2016,2018, respectively.
On September 27, 2018,June 25, 2020, the Company completed the sale of a portion of its Quorum Office ParkCapital Gallery property located in Chelmsford, MassachusettsWashington, DC for a gross sale price of approximately $35.3$253.7 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $34.3$246.6 million, resulting in a gain on sale of real estate totaling approximately $7.9$203.5 million for Boston Properties, Inc. and approximately $9.2$207.0 million for Boston Properties Limited Partnership. Quorum Office ParkCapital Gallery is an approximately 268,000631,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property. Quorum Office ParkThe portion sold was comprised of approximately 455,000 net rentable square feet of commercial office space. The Company continues to own the land, underground parking garage and remaining commercial office and retail space containing approximately 176,000 net rentable square feet at the property. The sold portion of Capital Gallery contributed approximately $0.7$6.3 million of net income to the Company for the period from January 1, 20182020 through September 26, 2018June 24, 2020 and contributed approximately $0.9$15.0 million and $0.9$14.5 million of net income to the Company for the years ended December 31, 20172019 and 2016,2018, respectively.
On November 30, 2018,December 16, 2020, the Company completed the sale of its 1333 New Hampshire Avenue propertya parcel of land located in Washington, DCMarlborough, Massachusetts for a gross sale price of approximately $142.0 million, including the retention of a $5.5 million future payment by the anchor tenant.$14.3 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $133.7$14.2 million, resulting in a gain on sale of real estate totaling approximately $44.4$5.2 million.
4. Leases
The Company must make estimates as to the collectability of its accrued rent and accounts receivable related to lease revenue. Management analyzes accrued rent and accounts receivable by considering tenant creditworthiness, current economic trends, including the impact of COVID-19 on tenants’ businesses, and changes in tenants’ payment patterns when evaluating the collectability of the tenant’s receivable balance, including the accrued rent receivable, on a lease-by-lease basis. As a result of this analysis, during the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company wrote off approximately $67.7 million, for Boston Properties, Inc.related to accrued rent balances and approximately $48.4$22.6 million, related to accounts receivable balances. The write-offs were for Boston Properties Limited Partnership. 1333 New Hampshire Avenue is an approximately 315,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property. 1333 New Hampshire Avenue contributed approximately $6.7 milliontenants, primarily in the retail, entertainment and co-working sectors, that either terminated their leases or that the Company considered their accrued rent and/or accounts receivable balances no longer probable of net incomecollection.
In April 2020, the FASB staff issued a question and answer document (“Lease Modification Q & A”) related to the application of lease accounting guidance for lease concessions, in accordance with ASC 842, as a result of COVID-19. Under existing lease guidance, the Company would have to determine, on a lease-by-lease basis, if a lease concession was the result of a new arrangement reached with the tenant (treated within the lease modification accounting framework) or if a lease concession was under the enforceable rights and obligations within the existing lease agreement (precluded from applying the lease modification accounting framework). The Lease Modification Q & A allows the Company, if certain criteria have been met, to assume that a lease concession was included within the enforceable rights and obligations of the existing lease agreement and instead elect to either apply the lease modification accounting framework or not, with such election applied consistently to leases with similar characteristics and similar circumstances. The Company did not utilize the guidance provided in the Lease Modification Q & A and instead elected to continue to account for the period from January 1, 2018COVID-19 lease concessions on a lease-by-lease basis in accordance with the existing lease modification accounting framework.
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Lessee
The Company has four non-cancelable ground lease obligations, as lessee, which were classified as operating leases, with various initial term expiration dates through November 29, 20182114. The Company recognizes ground rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the respective ground lease agreements. None of the amounts disclosed below for these ground leases contain variable payments, extension options or residual value guarantees. One of the ground leases does have an extension option. However, lease payments, for the extension option, for this ground lease are based on fair market value and contributedas such have not been included in the analysis below.

The Company has four finance lease obligations with various initial term expiration dates through 2094.
approximately $7.4 millionThe following table provides lease cost information for the Company’s operating and $6.1 millionfinance leases for the year ended (in thousands):
Lease costsDecember 31, 2020December 31, 2019
Operating lease costs$13,948 $14,573 
Finance lease costs
Amortization of right of use asset (1)$56 $29 
Interest on lease liabilities (2)$583 $47 
_______________
(1)The finance leases relate to either land, buildings or assets that remain in development. For land leases classified as finance leases because of net income toa purchase option that the Company views as an economic incentive, the Company follows its existing policy and does not depreciate land because it is assumed to have an indefinite life. For all other finance leases, the Company would amortize the right of use asset over the shorter of the useful life of the asset or the lease term. If the finance lease relates to a property under development, the amortization of the right of use asset may be eligible for capitalization. For assets under development, depreciation may commence once the asset is placed in-service and depreciation would be recognized in accordance with the Company’s policy.
(2)NaN of the finance leases relate to assets under development for all or a portion of the years ended December 31, 20172020 and 2016, respectively.
On December 13, 2018, the Company completed the sale of its 6595 Springfield Center Drive development project located in Springfield, Virginia, for a sale price of approximately $98.1 million, consisting of the land and project costs incurred through the closing date. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $97.1 million. Concurrently with the sale, the Company agreed to act as development manager and has guaranteed the completion of the project. The book value of the property exceeded its estimated fair value prior to the sale,31, 2019, respectively, and as a result, the Company recognized an impairment loss totaling approximately $8.7 million during the three months ended December 31, 2018. 6595 Springfield Center Drive is an approximately 634,000 net rentable square foot Class A office project.
On December 20, 2018, the Company completed the sale of a 41-acre parcel of land at its Tower Oaks property located in Rockville, Maryland for a gross sale price of approximately $46.0 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $25.9 million, resulting in a gain on sale of real estate totaling approximately $15.7 million. The Company agreed to provide seller financing to the buyer totaling $21.0 million, which is collateralized bysuch, a portion of the land parcel that secures the loan, bears interest at an effective rate of 1.92% per annum and matures on December 20, 2021. amount was capitalized.
The loan has been reflected as Note Receivable onfollowing table provides other quantitative information for the Company’s operating and finance leases as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
December 31, 2020December 31, 2019
Other information
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)
Operating leases5151
Finance leases7071
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases5.7 %5.7 %
Finance leases6.2 %6.2 %
The following table provides a maturity analysis for the Company’s lease liabilities related to its operating and finance leases as of December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
OperatingFinance
2021$25,092 $5,896 
202218,020 10,206 
202310,262 9,701 
2024 (1)9,277 48,518 
20259,476 9,971 
Thereafter548,478 1,373,177 
Total lease payments620,605 1,457,469 
Less: Interest portion(418,892)(1,220,977)
Present value of lease payments$201,713 $236,492 
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_______________
(1)Finance lease payments in 2024 include approximately $38.7 million related to a purchase option that the Company is reasonably certain it will exercise.
Lessor
The following table summarizes the components of lease revenue recognized during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 included within the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. Statements of Operations (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
Lease Revenue20202019
Fixed contractual payments$2,211,915 $2,261,260 
Variable lease payments434,346 496,754 
$2,646,261 $2,758,014 
The Company's policy is future contractual lease payments to record notes receivable at their unamortized cost, net of any unamortized deferred fees or costs, premiums or discountsbe received (excluding operating expense reimbursements and an allowance for loan losses. Loan fees and direct costs associated with loans originatedpercentage rent) by the Company are deferred and amortized over the termas of December 31, 2020, under non-cancelable operating leases which expire on various dates through 2049 (in thousands): 
Years Ending December 31,
2021$2,177,848 
20222,188,846 
20232,144,213 
20242,043,264 
20251,901,624 
Thereafter12,577,660 
NaN single tenant represented more than 10.0% of the note as a component of interest income.
DuringCompany’s total lease revenue for the three monthsyear ended December 31, 2018,2020.
Ground Lease
On July 29, 2020, the Company reevaluatedentered into a 99-year ground lease with a third-party hotel developer for land at its strategyReston Next property located in Reston Virginia, which will support the development of a 270-room, approximately 241,000 square foot hotel property. The lease commenced on October 21, 2020 and upon commencement, the Company performed classification testing. The ground lease is subject to termination rights with respect to the hotel developer’s ability to obtain construction financing for the saleproperty and as of its 2600 Tower Oaks Boulevard property. Based on a shorter than expected hold period,the lease commencement date, the Company reduced the carrying value of the property to its estimated fair value at December 31, 2018was not reasonably certain that those termination rights would not be exercised and recognizedas such it has accounted for this as an impairment loss totaling approximately $3.1 million for Boston Properties, Inc. and approximately $1.5 million for Boston Properties Limited Partnership. The Company’s estimated fair value was basedoperating lease that will expire on a pending offer for the sale of the property. 2600 Tower Oaks Boulevard is an approximately 179,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property (See Note 19).August 28, 2022.
4.5. Deferred Charges
Deferred charges consisted of the following at December 31, 20182020 and December 31, 20172019 (in thousands): 
20202019
Leasing costs, including lease related intangibles$1,023,058 $1,155,958 
Financing costs12,728 12,728 
1,035,786 1,168,686 
Less: Accumulated amortization(395,701)(479,473)
$640,085 $689,213 
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  2018 2017
Leasing costs, including lease related intangibles $1,191,297
 $1,147,181
Financing costs 12,796
 14,991
  1,204,093
 1,162,172
Less: Accumulated amortization (525,369) (483,134)
  $678,724
 $679,038
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The following table summarizes the scheduled amortization of the Company’s acquired in-place lease intangibles for each of the five succeeding years (in thousands).
Acquired In-Place Lease Intangibles
2021$10,352 
20225,464 
20233,854 
20242,220 
20252,174 
 Acquired In-Place Lease Intangibles
2019$25,690
202013,051
20218,610
20224,798
20234,107

5.6. Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
The investments in unconsolidated joint ventures consist of the following at December 31, 20182020 and 2017:December 31, 2019:
   Carrying Value of Investment (1) Carrying Value of Investment (1)
Entity Properties 
Nominal %
Ownership
 December 31,
2018		 December 31,
2017		EntityPropertiesNominal %
Ownership		December 31,
2020		December 31,
2019
   (in thousands)(in thousands)
Square 407 Limited Partnership Market Square North 50.0% $(6,424) $(8,258)Square 407 Limited PartnershipMarket Square North50.0 %$(3,766)$(4,872)
The Metropolitan Square Associates LLC Metropolitan Square 20.0% 2,644
 3,339
BP/CRF 901 New York Avenue LLC 901 New York Avenue 25.0%(2) (13,640) (13,811)
BP/CRF Metropolitan Square, LLCBP/CRF Metropolitan Square, LLCMetropolitan Square20.0 %(13,584)9,134 
901 New York, LLC901 New York, LLC901 New York Avenue25.0 %(2) (12,264)(12,113)
WP Project Developer LLC Wisconsin Place Land and Infrastructure 33.3%(3) 38,214
 39,710
WP Project Developer LLCWisconsin Place Land and Infrastructure33.3 %(3) 35,297 36,789 
Annapolis Junction NFM LLC Annapolis Junction 50.0%(4) 25,268
 18,381
Annapolis Junction NFM LLCAnnapolis Junction50.0 %(4) 13,463 25,391 
540 Madison Venture LLC 540 Madison Avenue 60.0% 66,391
 66,179
540 Madison Venture LLC540 Madison Avenue60.0 %(5) 122 2,953 
500 North Capitol Venture LLC 500 North Capitol Street, NW 30.0% (5,026) (3,876)500 North Capitol Venture LLC500 North Capitol Street, NW30.0 %(6,945)(5,439)
501 K Street LLC 1001 6th Street 50.0%(5) 42,557
 42,657
501 K Street LLC1001 6th Street50.0 %(6) 42,499 42,496 
Podium Developer LLC The Hub on Causeway - Podium 50.0% 69,302
 67,120
Podium Developer LLCThe Hub on Causeway - Podium50.0 %48,818 49,466 
Residential Tower Developer LLC The Hub on Causeway - Residential 50.0% 47,505
 28,212
Residential Tower Developer LLCHub50House50.0 %50,943 55,092 
Hotel Tower Developer LLC The Hub on Causeway - Hotel Air Rights 50.0% 3,022
 1,690
Hotel Tower Developer LLCThe Hub on Causeway - Hotel Air Rights50.0 %10,754 9,883 
Office Tower Developer LLC 100 Causeway Street 50.0%(6)23,804
 —
Office Tower Developer LLC100 Causeway Street50.0 %56,312 56,606 
1265 Main Office JV LLC 1265 Main Street 50.0% 3,918
 4,641
1265 Main Office JV LLC1265 Main Street50.0 %3,787 3,780 
BNY Tower Holdings LLC Dock 72 50.0% 82,520
 72,104
BNY Tower Holdings LLCDock 7250.0 %29,536 94,804 
BNYTA Amenity Operator LLCBNYTA Amenity Operator LLCDock 7250.0 %1,846 N/A
CA-Colorado Center Limited Partnership Colorado Center 50.0% 253,495
 254,440
CA-Colorado Center Limited PartnershipColorado Center50.0 %227,671 252,069 
7750 Wisconsin Avenue LLC 7750 Wisconsin Avenue 50.0%(6)69,724
 21,452
7750 Wisconsin Avenue LLC7750 Wisconsin Avenue50.0 %58,112 56,247 
BP-M 3HB Venture LLC 3 Hudson Boulevard 25.0% 46,993
 —
BP-M 3HB Venture LLC3 Hudson Boulevard25.0 %113,774 67,499 
SMBP Venture LP Santa Monica Business Park 55.0% 180,952
 —
SMBP Venture LPSanta Monica Business Park55.0 %145,761 163,937 
Platform 16 Holdings LPPlatform 16 Holdings LPPlatform 1655.0 %(7)108,393 29,501 
Gateway Portfolio Holdings LLCGateway Portfolio Holdings LLCGateway Commons50.0 %(8)336,206 N/A
Rosecrans-Sepulveda Partners 4, LLCRosecrans-Sepulveda Partners 4, LLCBeach Cities Media Campus50.0 %27,184 N/A
   $931,219
 $593,980
$1,273,919 $933,223 
 _______________
(1)Investments with deficit balances aggregating approximately $25.1 million and $25.9 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are included within Other Liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2)The Company’s economic ownership has increased based on the achievement of certain return thresholds.
(3)The Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary that owns Wisconsin Place Office also owns a 33.3% interest in the joint venture entity that owns the land, parking garage and infrastructure of the project.
(4)The joint venture owns three in-service buildings and two undeveloped land parcels.
(5)Under the joint venture agreement for this land parcel, the partner will be entitled to up to two additional payments from the venture based on increases in total entitled square footage of the project above 520,000 square feet and achieving certain project returns at stabilization.
(6)This entity is a VIE (See Note 1).
(1)Investments with deficit balances aggregating approximately $36.6 million and $22.4 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, are included within Other Liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2)The Company’s economic ownership has increased based on the achievement of certain return thresholds. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company’s economic ownership was approximately 50%.
(3)The Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary that owns Wisconsin Place Office also owns a 33.3% interest in the joint venture entity that owns the land, parking garage and infrastructure of the project.
(4)The joint venture owns 2 in-service buildings.
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(5)The property was sold on June 27, 2019. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the investment consisted of undistributed cash.
(6)Under the joint venture agreement for this land parcel, the partner will be entitled to up to 2 additional payments from the venture based on increases in total entitled square footage of the project above 520,000 square feet and achieving certain project returns at stabilization.
(7)This entity is a VIE (See Note 1).
(8)As a result of the partner’s deferred contribution, the Company owns an approximately 55% interest in the joint venture at December 31, 2020. Future development projects will be owned 49% by the Company and 51% by its partner.
Certain of the Company’s unconsolidated joint venture agreements include provisions whereby, at certain specified times, each partner has the right to initiate a purchase or sale of its interest in the joint ventures. With limited exceptions under these provisions, the Company is not compelled to purchase the interest of its outside joint venture partners. Under certain of the Company'sCompany’s joint venture agreements, if certain return thresholds are achieved, the partners or the Company will be entitled to an additional promoted interest or payments.

The combined summarized balance sheets of the Company’s unconsolidated joint ventures are as follows:
December 31,
2018		 December 31,
2017		December 31,
2020		December 31,
2019
(in thousands) (in thousands)
ASSETS   ASSETS
Real estate and development in process, net$3,545,906
 $1,768,996
Real estate and development in process, net (1)Real estate and development in process, net (1)$4,708,571 $3,904,400 
Other assets543,512
 367,743
Other assets531,071 502,706 
Total assets$4,089,418
 $2,136,739
Total assets$5,239,642 $4,407,106 
LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS’/PARTNERS’ EQUITY   LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS’/PARTNERS’ EQUITY
Mortgage and notes payable, net$2,017,609
 $1,437,440
Mortgage and notes payable, net$2,637,911 $2,218,853 
Other liabilities582,006
 99,215
Other liabilities (2)Other liabilities (2)650,433 749,675 
Members’/Partners’ equity1,489,803
 600,084
Members’/Partners’ equity1,951,298 1,438,578 
Total liabilities and members’/partners’ equity$4,089,418
 $2,136,739
Total liabilities and members’/partners’ equity$5,239,642 $4,407,106 
Company’s share of equity$622,498
 $286,495
Company’s share of equity$936,087 $591,905 
Basis differentials (1)308,721
 307,485
Carrying value of the Company’s investments in unconsolidated joint ventures (2)$931,219
 $593,980
Basis differentials (3)Basis differentials (3)337,832 341,318 
Carrying value of the Company’s investments in unconsolidated joint ventures (4)Carrying value of the Company’s investments in unconsolidated joint ventures (4)$1,273,919 $933,223 
 _______________
(1)This amount represents the aggregate difference between the Company’s historical cost basis and the basis reflected at the joint venture level, which is typically amortized over the life of the related assets and liabilities. Basis differentials result from impairments of investments, acquisitions through joint ventures with no change in control and upon the transfer of assets that were previously owned by the Company into a joint venture. In addition, certain acquisition, transaction and other costs may not be reflected in the net assets at the joint venture level. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, there was an aggregate basis differential of approximately $316.7 million and $322.5 million, respectively, between the carrying value of the Company’s investment in the joint venture that owns Colorado Center and the joint venture’s basis in the assets and liabilities, which differential (excluding land) shall be amortized over the remaining lives of the related assets and liabilities.
(2)Investments with deficit balances aggregating approximately $25.1 million and $25.9 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, have been reflected within Other Liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(1)At December 31, 2020 and 2019, this amount included right of use assets - finance leases totaling approximately $248.9 million and $383.9 million, respectively, and right of use assets - operating leases totaling approximately $22.5 million and $12.1 million, respectively.
(2)At December 31, 2020 and 2019, this amount included lease liabilities - finance leases totaling approximately $388.7 million and $510.8 million, respectively, and lease liabilities - operating leases totaling approximately $29.0 million and $17.3 million, respectively.
(3)This amount represents the aggregate difference between the Company’s historical cost basis and the basis reflected at the joint venture level, which is typically amortized over the life of the related assets and liabilities. Basis differentials result from impairments of investments, acquisitions through joint ventures with no change in control and upon the transfer of assets that were previously owned by the Company into a joint venture. In addition, certain acquisition, transaction and other costs may not be reflected in the net assets at the joint venture level. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, there was an aggregate basis differential of approximately $307.3 million and $311.3 million, respectively, between the carrying value of the Company’s investment in the joint venture that owns Colorado Center and the joint venture’s basis in the assets and liabilities. At December 31, 2020, there was an aggregate basis differential of approximately $51.9 million between the carrying value of the Company’s investment in the joint venture that owns Gateway Commons and the joint venture’s basis in the assets and liabilities. At December 31, 2020, there was an aggregate basis differential of approximately $(52.2) million between the carrying value of the Company’s investment in the joint venture that owns Dock 72 and the joint venture’s basis in the assets and liabilities. These basis differentials (excluding land) will be amortized over the remaining lives of the related assets and liabilities.
(4)Investments with deficit balances aggregating approximately $36.6 million and $22.4 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, are reflected within Other Liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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The combined summarized statements of operations of the Company’s unconsolidated joint ventures are as follows:
For the year ended December 31, Year ended December 31,
2018 2017 2016 202020192018
(in thousands) (in thousands)
Total revenue (1)$271,951
 $222,517
 $177,182
Total revenue (1)$319,560 $322,817 $271,951 
Expenses     Expenses
Operating106,610
 90,542
 76,741
Operating144,347 122,992 106,610 
Transaction costsTransaction costs1,027 1,000 0 
Depreciation and amortization (2)103,079
 57,079
 44,989
Depreciation and amortization (2)141,853 102,296 103,079 
Total expenses209,689
 147,621
 121,730
Total expenses287,227 226,288 209,689 
Other income (expense)     Other income (expense)
Interest expense(71,308) (46,371) (34,016)Interest expense(98,051)(84,409)(71,308)
Gain on sale of real estate16,951
 —
 —
Net income$7,905

$28,525
 $21,436
Gains on sales of real estate (3)Gains on sales of real estate (3)11,737 32,706 16,951 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$(53,981)$44,826 $7,905 
     
Company’s share of net income$8,084
 $18,439
 $9,873
Basis differential (3)(5,862) (7,207) (1,799)
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures$2,222
 $11,232
 $8,074
     
Gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture$—
 $—
 $59,370
Company’s share of net income (loss)Company’s share of net income (loss)$(16,256)$24,423 $8,084 
Impairment loss on investment (4)Impairment loss on investment (4)(60,524)0 0 
Basis differential (3)(4)(5)Basis differential (3)(4)(5)(8,330)22,169 (5,862)
(Loss) income from unconsolidated joint ventures(Loss) income from unconsolidated joint ventures$(85,110)$46,592 $2,222 
_______________ 
(1)Includes straight-line rent adjustments of approximately $15.9 million, $21.7 million and $18.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

(1)Includes straight-line rent adjustments of approximately $(10.1) million, $32.4 million and $15.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Due primarily to the impact of COVID-19, for the year ended December 31, 2020, write-offs of accounts receivable and accrued rent balances totaled approximately $51.7 million.
(2)During the year ended December 31, 2018, the joint venture that owns Metropolitan Square in Washington, DC, commenced a renovation project and recorded accelerated depreciation expense of approximately $22.4 million related to the remaining book value of the assets to be replaced. The Company's share of the accelerated depreciation expense totaled approximately $4.5 million.
(3)Includes straight-line rent adjustments of approximately $2.4 million, $1.9 million and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Also includes net above-/below-market rent adjustments of approximately $1.6 million, $2.9 million and $0.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
(2)During the year ended December 31, 2018, the joint venture that owns Metropolitan Square in Washington, DC, commenced a renovation project and recorded accelerated depreciation expense of approximately $22.4 million related to the remaining book value of the assets to be replaced. The Company’s share of the accelerated depreciation expense totaled approximately $4.5 million.
(3)For the year ended December 31, 2019, represents the gain on sale of 540 Madison Avenue recognized by the joint venture. During 2008, the Company recognized an other-than-temporary impairment loss on its investment in the unconsolidated joint venture resulting in a basis differential between the carrying value of the Company’s investment in the joint venture and the joint venture’s basis in the assets and liabilities of the property. As a result of the historical basis difference, the Company recognized a gain on sale of real estate totaling approximately $47.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, which consists of its share of the gain on sale reported by the joint venture as well as an adjustment for the basis differential. The gain on sale of real estate is included in Income from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(4)During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized an other-than-temporary impairment loss on its investment in the unconsolidated joint venture that owns Dock 72 in Brooklyn, New York totaling approximately $60.5 million.
(5)Includes straight-line rent adjustments of approximately $1.8 million, $2.1 million and $2.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Also includes net above-/below-market rent adjustments of approximately $0.9 million, $1.7 million and $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
On April 19, 2018,January 28, 2020, the Company entered into a joint venture with a third party to own, operate and develop properties at its Gateway Commons complex located in South San Francisco, California. The Company contributed its 601, 611 and 651 Gateway properties and development rights with an agreed upon value aggregating approximately $350.0 million for its 50% interest in the joint venture (See Note 3). 601, 611 and 651 Gateway consist of three Class A office properties aggregating approximately 768,000 net rentable square feet. The partner contributed 3 properties and development rights with an agreed upon value aggregating approximately $280.8 million at closing and will contribute cash totaling approximately $69.2 million in the future for its 50% ownership interest in the joint venture. As a result of the partner’s deferred contribution, the Company had an initial approximately 55% interest in the joint venture. Future development projects will be owned 49% by the Company and 51% by its partner.
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On February 20, 2020, a joint venture in which the Company has a 55% interest acquired the land underlying the ground lease at its Platform 16 property located in San Jose, California for a purchase price totaling approximately $134.8 million. The joint venture had previously made a deposit totaling $15.0 million, which was credited against the purchase price. Platform 16 consists of a parcel of land totaling approximately 5.6 acres that is expected to support the development of approximately 1.1 million square feet of commercial office space.
On June 9, 2020, a joint venture in which the Company has a 20% interest refinanced with a new lender the mortgage loan collateralized by its Metropolitan Square property located in Washington, DC. The outstanding balance of the loan totaled approximately $155.9 million, bore interest at a fixed rate of 5.75% per annum and was scheduled to mature on August 5, 2020. The new mortgage loan totaling $325.0 million, of which $288.0 million was advanced at closing, bears interest at a variable rate equal to (1) the greater of (x) LIBOR or (y) 0.65%, plus (2) 4.75% per annum, and matures on July 7, 2022, with 2, 1-year extension options, subject to certain conditions. The joint venture entered into an interest rate cap agreement with a financial institution to limit its exposure to increases in the LIBOR at a cap of 3.00% per annum on a notional amount of $325.0 million through July 7, 2022. The joint venture distributed excess loan proceeds from the new mortgage loan totaling approximately $112.7 million, of which the Company’s share totaled approximately $22.5 million. Metropolitan Square is a Class A office property with approximately 654,000 net rentable square feet.
On June 25, 2020, a joint venture in which the Company has a 50% interest obtained construction financingcompleted the sale of Annapolis Junction Building Eight and 2 land parcels located in Annapolis, Maryland for a gross sale price of $47.0 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $45.8 million after the payment of transaction costs. The Company recognized a gain on sale of real estate totaling approximately $5.8 million, which is included in Income (Loss) from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. The joint venture distributed approximately $36.8 million of available cash and the net proceeds from the sale after the pay down of the mortgage loan, of which the Company’s share totaled approximately $18.4 million. Annapolis Junction Building Eight is an approximately 126,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property, which is vacant. The 2 land parcels will support the development of approximately 300,000 square feet of commercial office space with 1 parcel currently containing surface parking for approximately 511 vehicles.
On June 25, 2020, in conjunction with the joint venture’s sale of Annapolis Junction Building Eight, the joint venture in which the Company has a total commitment of $180.0 million50% interest modified the mortgage loan collateralized by its Hub on Causeway - Residential development project.  The construction financing bearsAnnapolis Junction Building Seven and Building Eight with the release of Annapolis Junction Building Eight as collateral under the loan in exchange for a principal pay down of approximately $16.1 million using a portion of the net proceeds from the sale of the property. At the time of the modification, the outstanding balance of the loan totaled approximately $34.5 million, bore interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.00%2.35% per annum and was scheduled to mature on June 30, 2020. The modified mortgage loan totaling approximately $18.4 million is collateralized by Annapolis Junction Building Seven, continues to bear interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.35% per annum and matures on April 19, 2022,March 25, 2021. Annapolis Junction Building Seven is a Class A office property with two, one-year extension options, subjectapproximately 127,000 net rentable square feet located in Annapolis, Maryland.
On July 23, 2020, the Company acquired a 50% interest in a joint venture entity that owns Beach Cities Media Campus, a 6.4-acre parcel of land located in El Segundo, California, for a purchase price of approximately $21.2 million. Beach Cities Media Campus is expected to certain conditions.  Assupport the development of December 31, 2018, approximately $40.5 million had been drawn under275,000 square feet of Class A office space.
On July 24, 2020, a joint venture in which the loan. The Hub on Causeway - Residential isCompany has a 50% interest completed and fully placed in-service Hub50House, an approximately 320,000 square foot project comprised of 440 residential units located in Boston, Massachusetts.
On April 27, 2018, a joint venture in which the Company has a 60% interest refinanced the mortgage loan collateralized by its 540 Madison Avenue property located in New York City totaling $120.0 million.  The mortgage loan bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 1.10% per annum and matures on June 5, 2023.  The previous mortgage loan bore interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 1.50% per annum and was scheduled to mature on June 5, 2018.  540 Madison Avenue is an approximately 284,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property.
On July 13, 2018,September 1, 2020, the Company entered into a joint venturean agreement with a third party to acquire a development site at 3 Hudson Boulevard that, upon the future acquisition of additional available development rights, can accommodate a Class A office tower with up to 2.0 million net rentable square feet located on the entire square block between 11th Avenue and Hudson Boulevard Park from West 34th Street to West 35th Streetits partner in New York City.  The Company owns a 25% interest in, and is the managing member of, the joint venture.  The acquisition includes improvements consisting of excavation work and foundation elements that are currently being constructed on the site. The Company contributed cash totaling approximately $45.6 million at closing and will contribute approximately $62.2 million in the future for its initial capital contribution, a portion of which will fund the remaining costs to complete the foundation elements to grade for the future office building.  In addition, the Company provided $80.0 million of mortgage financing to the joint venture that bears interest atowns 1265 Main Street located in Waltham, Massachusetts to (1) form additional joint ventures to own and develop a variable rate equalmixed-use property containing approximately 1,200,000 square feet to LIBOR plus 3.50% per annumbe developed in phases on an approximately 41-acre site adjacent to 1265 Main Street and matures on July 13, 2023,(2) share the costs of certain offsite infrastructure improvements with extension options, subject to certain conditions. The loan has been reflected as a Related Party Note Receivable on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company's policy is to record notes receivable at their unamortized cost, net of any unamortized deferred fees or costs, premiums or discounts and an allowance for loan losses. Loan fees and direct costs associated with loans originated by the Company are deferred and amortized over the term of the note as interest income. 
On July 19, 2018, the Company entered into aits joint venture with Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (“CPPIB”)partner and other third-party abutting land owners. The Company will serve as the development manager and expects to acquire Santa Monica Business Park in the Ocean Park neighborhood of Santa Monica, California forown a net purchase price of approximately $626.7 million, including $11.5 million of seller funded leasing costs after the effective date of the purchase and sale agreement. Santa Monica Business Park is a 47-acre office park consisting of 21 buildings totaling approximately 1.2 million net rentable square feet. Approximately 70% of the rentable square footage is subject to a ground lease with 80 years remaining, including renewal periods. The ground lease provides the joint venture with the right to purchase the land underlying the properties in 2028 with subsequent purchase rights every 15 years. CPPIB invested approximately $147.0 million for a 45% ownership50% interest in the joint venture. The Company is providing customary operating, property management and leasing services to, and invested approximately $179.7 million in, the joint venture. The acquisition was completed with $300.0 million of financing. The mortgage financing bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 1.28% per annum and matures on July 19, 2025. At closing, the borrower under the loan, which is a subsidiaryeach of the joint venture, entered into interest rate swap contracts with notional amounts aggregating $300.0 million through April 1, 2025, resulting in a fixed rate of approximately 4.063% per annum through the expiration of the interest rate swap contracts. At December 31, 2018, the unconsolidated joint venture has recorded the changes in fair value of the interest rate swap contracts aggregating approximately $5.6 million as a liability and accumulated other comprehensive loss on its balance sheet. At December 31, 2018, the Company has recognized its share of the fair value totaling approximately $3.1 million as a decrease to its Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following table summarizes the allocation of the joint venture's aggregate purchase price for Santa Monica Business Park at the date of acquisition (in thousands). 
Land and improvements$100,453
Leasehold interest in land248,944
Site improvements13,379
Building and improvements593,669
Tenant improvements31,329
In-place lease intangibles47,955
Above-market lease intangible4,495
Below-market lease intangible(17,503)
Capital lease obligation(396,008)
Net assets acquired$626,713
ventures.
On July 27, 2018, the Company entered into a joint venture with its partner at The Hub on Causeway mixed-use development in Boston, Massachusetts to acquire the air rights for the development of an approximately 627,000 net rentable square foot Class A office tower at the site to be known as 100 Causeway Street. In addition, the joint venture entered into a lease agreement with an affiliate of Verizon Communications, Inc., under which Verizon will lease approximately 70% of the office tower for a term of 20 years. With the execution of the lease, the joint venture commenced development of the project. The Company serves as the co-development manager for the project. The joint venture partner contributed an air rights parcel and improvements, with a fair value of approximately $41.3 million, for its initial 50% interest in the joint venture. The Company contributed improvements totaling approximately $3.9 million and will contribute cash totaling approximately $37.4 million for its initial 50% interest.
On November 16, 2018,September 30, 2020, a joint venture in which the Company has a 50% interest extended the mortgage loan collateralized by its Annapolis Junction Building SixMarket Square North property. At the time of the extension, the outstanding balance of the loan totaled approximately $13.1$114.2 million, bore interest at a fixed rate of 4.85% per annum and was scheduled to mature on November 17, 2018.October 1, 2020. The extended loan was scheduled to mature on November 1, 2020. On October 30,
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2020, the joint venture refinanced the mortgage loan. The new mortgage loan totals $125.0 million, bears interest at a variable rate equal to (1) the greater of (x) LIBOR or (y) 0.50%, plus (2) 2.30% per annum, and matures on November 10, 2025, with 1, 1-year extension option, subject to certain conditions. Market Square North is a Class A office property with approximately 418,000 net rentable square feet.
On October 1, 2020, a joint venture in which the Company has a 50% interest completed and fully placed in-service Dock 72, a Class A office project with approximately 669,000 net rentable square feet located in Brooklyn, New York that is 33% leased. During December 2020, the Company recognized a non-cash impairment charge totaling approximately $60.5 million, which represented the other-than temporary decline in the fair value below the carrying value of the Company’s investment in the unconsolidated joint venture that owns Dock 72. The non-cash impairment charge was the result of an increase in costs, an extension of the projected period to fully lease the property and lower projected rental rates due to the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in a current fair value that was less than the carrying value of the Company’s investment. The Company assessed the impairment and concluded that it was other than temporary. The Company determined that its valuation of the investment was categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, as it utilized significant unobservable inputs in its assessment including an exit capitalization rate of 5.25%, a discount rate on the Company’s equity investment (the property is encumbered by mortgage debt) of 8.0% and an average lease commencement on currently vacant space of mid-2023. In addition, on December 14, 2020, the joint venture extended the mortgage loan collateralized by the property. At the time of the extension, the outstanding balance of the loan totaled approximately $198.6 million, bore interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.25% per annum and was scheduled to mature on December 18, 2020. The extended mortgage loan has a total commitment amount of approximately $14.3$250.0 million, bears interest at an initial variable rate equal to (1) the greater of (x) LIBOR or (y) 0.25%, plus (2) 2.85% per annum and matures on December 18, 2023.
On November 13, 2020, a joint venture in which the Company has a 50% interest extended the mortgage loan collateralized by its Annapolis Junction Building Six property located in Annapolis, Maryland. At the time of the extension, the outstanding balance of the loan totaled approximately $12.0 million, bore interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.00% per annum and was scheduled to mature on November 17, 2020. The extended mortgage loan has a total commitment amount of approximately $13.2 million, bears interest at a variable rate equal to (1) the greater of (x) LIBOR or (y) 0.50%, plus (2) 2.50% per annum and matures on November 17, 2019, with one, one-year extension option, subject to certain conditions.16, 2021. Annapolis Junction Building Six is a Class A office property with approximately 119,000 net rentable square feet located in Annapolis, Maryland (See Note 19).feet.
On December 31, 2018, the Company entered into a distribution agreement with its partner in the joint venture in which the Company has a 50% interest and that owns Annapolis Junction. Under the agreement, the joint venture distributed its Annapolis Junction Building One property to the partner and the partner assumed the mortgage indebtedness collateralized by the property. The Company recognized a gain on sale of real estate totaling approximately $8.3 million, which is included within Income from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations. Annapolis Junction Building One is an approximately 118,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property.
6.7. Mortgage Notes Payable, Net
The Company had outstanding mortgage notes payable totaling approximately $3.0 billion and $3.0$2.9 billion as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017, respectively,2019, each collateralized by one or more buildings and related land included in real estate assets. The mortgage notes payable are generally due in monthly installments and mature at various dates through June 9, 2027.
Fixed rate mortgage notes payable totaled approximately $3.0 billion and $3.0$2.9 billion at December 31, 20182020 and 2017, respectively,2019, with contractual interest rates ranging from 3.43% to 7.69%6.94% per annum at December 31, 20182020 and December 31, 20172019 (with a weighted-average interest rate of 3.77%3.72% and 3.78%3.73% per annum at December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively). There were no0 variable rate mortgage loans at December 31, 20182020 and 2017.
No mortgage loans at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 had been accounted for at fair value. Prior to December 31, 2017, the Company had mortgage loans that were accounted for at fair value and the impact of recording them at fair value resulted in a decrease to interest expense of approximately $19.6 million and $46.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

2019.
Contractual aggregate principal payments of mortgage notes payable at December 31, 20182020 are as follows (in thousands): 
 Principal Payments
2021$17,276 
2022614,710 
20230 
20240 
20250 
Thereafter2,300,000 
Total aggregate principal payments2,931,986 
Deferred financing costs, net(22,905)
Total carrying value of mortgage notes payable, net$2,909,081 
160
 Principal Payments
2019$19,670
202020,766
202140,182
2022614,710
2023—
Thereafter2,300,000
Total aggregate principal payments2,995,328
Deferred financing costs, net(30,756)
Total carrying value of mortgage notes payable, net$2,964,572
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7.8. Unsecured Senior Notes
The following summarizes the unsecured senior notes outstanding as of December 31, 20182020 (dollars in thousands):
Coupon/
Stated Rate		Effective
Rate(1)		Principal
Amount		Maturity Date(2)
Coupon/
Stated Rate
 
Effective
Rate(1)
 
Principal
Amount
 Maturity Date(2)
10 Year Unsecured Senior Notes5.625% 5.708% $700,000
 November 15, 2020
10 Year Unsecured Senior Notes4.125% 4.289% 850,000
 May 15, 202110 Year Unsecured Senior Notes4.125 %4.289 %$850,000 May 15, 2021(3)
11 Year Unsecured Senior Notes3.850% 3.954% 1,000,000
 February 1, 202311 Year Unsecured Senior Notes3.850 %3.954 %1,000,000 February 1, 2023
10.5 Year Unsecured Senior Notes3.125% 3.279% 500,000
 September 1, 202310.5 Year Unsecured Senior Notes3.125 %3.279 %500,000 September 1, 2023
10.5 Year Unsecured Senior Notes3.800% 3.916% 700,000
 February 1, 202410.5 Year Unsecured Senior Notes3.800 %3.916 %700,000 February 1, 2024
7 Year Unsecured Senior Notes3.200% 3.350% 850,000
 January 15, 20257 Year Unsecured Senior Notes3.200 %3.350 %850,000 January 15, 2025
10 Year Unsecured Senior Notes3.650% 3.766% 1,000,000
 February 1, 202610 Year Unsecured Senior Notes3.650 %3.766 %1,000,000 February 1, 2026
10 Year Unsecured Senior Notes2.750% 3.495% 1,000,000
 October 1, 202610 Year Unsecured Senior Notes2.750 %3.495 %1,000,000 October 1, 2026
10 Year Unsecured Senior Notes4.500% 4.628% 1,000,000
 December 1, 202810 Year Unsecured Senior Notes4.500 %4.628 %1,000,000 December 1, 2028
10 Year Unsecured Senior Notes10 Year Unsecured Senior Notes3.400 %3.505 %850,000 June 21, 2029
10.5 Year Unsecured Senior Notes10.5 Year Unsecured Senior Notes2.900 %2.984 %700,000 March 15, 2030
10.75 Year Unsecured Senior Notes10.75 Year Unsecured Senior Notes3.250 %3.343 %1,250,000 January 30, 2031
Total principal    7,600,000
 Total principal9,700,000 
Net unamortized discount    (18,722) Net unamortized discount(16,034)
Deferred financing costs, net    (36,581) Deferred financing costs, net(44,679)
Total    $7,544,697
 Total$9,639,287 
_______________
(1)Yield on issuance date including the effects of discounts on the notes, settlements of interest rate contracts and the amortization of financing costs.
(2)No principal amounts are due prior to maturity.
(1)Yield on issuance date including the effects of discounts on the notes, settlements of interest rate contracts and the amortization of financing costs.
(2)No principal amounts are due prior to maturity.
(3)See Note 18.
On November 28, 2018,May 5, 2020, Boston Properties Limited Partnership completed a public offering of $1.0$1.25 billion in aggregate principal amount of its 4.500%3.250% unsecured senior notes due 2028.2031. The notes were priced at 99.641%99.850% of the principal amount to yield an effective rate (including financing fees) of approximately 4.628%3.343% per annum to maturity. The notes will mature on December 1, 2028,January 30, 2031, unless earlier redeemed. The aggregate net proceeds from the offering were approximately $988.1 million$1.24 billion, after deducting underwriting discounts and transaction expenses.
On December 13, 2018, Boston Properties Limited Partnership completed the redemption of $700.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 5.875% senior notes due October 15, 2019. The redemption price was approximately $722.6 million. The redemption price included approximately $6.6 million of accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date. Excluding the accrued and unpaid interest, the redemption price was approximately 102.28% of the principal amount being redeemed. The Company recognized a loss from early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $16.5 million, which amount included the payment of the redemption premium totaling approximately $16.0 million.

The indenture relating to the unsecured senior notes contains certain financial restrictions and requirements, including (1) a leverage ratio not to exceed 60%, (2) a secured debt leverage ratio not to exceed 50%, (3) an interest coverage ratio of greater than 1.50, and (4) an unencumbered asset value of not less than 150% of unsecured debt. At December 31, 2018,2020, Boston Properties Limited Partnership was in compliance with each of these financial restrictions and requirements.
8.9. Unsecured Credit Facility
On April 24, 2017, Boston Properties Limited Partnership amended and restated its unsecured revolving credit agreement (as amended and restated, the “2017 Credit Facility”). Among other things, the 2017 Credit Facility (1) increased the total commitment of the revolving line of credit (the “Revolving Facility”) from $1.0 billion to $1.5 billion, (2) extended the maturity date from July 26, 2018 to April 24, 2022, (3) reduced the per annum variable interest rates, and (4) added a $500.0 million delayed draw term loan facility (the “Delayed Draw Facility”) that permitted Boston Properties Limited Partnership until the first anniversary of the closing date, to draw upon up to four times a minimum of $50.0 million (or, if less, the remaining unused delayed draw term commitments),it provided that amounts drawn under the Delayed Draw Facility and subsequently repaid may not be borrowed again. In addition, Boston Properties Limited Partnership may increase the total commitment under the 2017 Credit Facility by up to $500.0 million through increases in the Revolving Facility or the Delayed Draw Facility, or both, subject to syndication of the increase and other conditions.
On April 24, 2018, Boston Properties Limited Partnership exercised its option to draw $500.0 million on its Delayed Draw Facility. The Delayed Draw Facility bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 0.90%0.95% per annum based on Boston Properties Limited Partnership'sPartnership’s current credit rating and matures on April 24, 2022.
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At Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s option, loans under the Revolving Facility and Delayed Draw Facility will bear interest at a rate per annum equal to (1) (a) in the case of loans denominated in Dollars, Euro or Sterling, LIBOR, and (b) in the case of loans denominated in Canadian Dollars, CDOR, in each case, plus a margin ranging from 77.5 to 155 basis points for the Revolving Commitment and 85 to 175 basis points for the Delayed Draw Facility, based on Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s credit rating or (2) an alternate base rate equal to the greatest of (x) the Administrative Agent’s prime rate, (y) the Federal Funds rate plus 0.50% or (z) LIBOR for a one-month period plus 1.00%, in each case, plus a margin ranging from 0 to 55 basis points for the Revolving Facility and 0 to 75 basis points for the Delayed Draw Facility, based on Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s credit rating. The 2017 Credit Facility also contains a competitive bid option for up to 65% of the Revolving Facility that allows banks that are part of the lender consortium to bid to make loan advances to Boston Properties Limited Partnership at a reduced interest rate.
In addition, Boston Properties Limited Partnership is obligated to pay (1) in quarterly installments a facility fee on the total commitment under the Revolving Facility at a rate per annum ranging from 0.10% to 0.30% based on Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s credit rating, (2) an annual fee on the undrawn amount of each letter of credit equal to the LIBOR margin on the Revolving Facility and (3) a fee on the unused commitments under the Delayed Draw Facility equal to 0.15% per annum. Based on Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s December 31, 20182020 credit rating, (1) the applicable Eurocurrency margins for the Revolving Facility and Delayed Draw Facility are 82.5 basis points0.875% and 90 basis points,0.95% per annum, respectively, (2) the alternate base rate margin is zero basis points for each of the Revolving Facility and Delayed Draw Facility and (3) the facility fee on the Revolving Facility commitment is 0.125%0.15% per annum.
At December 31, 2018,2020 and 2019, Boston Properties Limited Partnership had $500.0 million of borrowings outstanding under its Delayed Draw Facility and no0 amounts outstanding under its Revolving Facility. At December 31, 2017, there was $45.0 million outstanding under its Revolving Facility.
The 2017 Credit Facility contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default provisions, including failure to pay indebtedness, breaches of covenants, and bankruptcy and other insolvency events, which could result in the acceleration of all amounts and cancellation of all commitments outstanding under the Credit Agreement. Among other covenants, the 2017 Credit Facility requires that Boston Properties Limited Partnership maintain on an ongoing basis: (1) a leverage ratio not to exceed 60%, however, the leverage ratio may increase to no greater than 65% provided that it is reduced back to 60% within one year, (2) a secured debt leverage ratio not to exceed 55%, (3) a fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.40, (4) an unsecured debt leverage ratio not to exceed 60%, however, the unsecured debt leverage ratio may increase to no greater than 65% provided that it is reduced to 60% within one year, (5) an unsecured debt interest coverage ratio

of at least 1.75 and (6) limitations on permitted investments. At December 31, 2018,2020, Boston Properties Limited Partnership was in compliance with each of these financial and other covenant requirements.
9.10. Commitments and Contingencies
General
In the normal course of business, the Company guarantees its performance of services or indemnifies third parties against its negligence. In addition, in the normal course of business, the Company guarantees to certain tenants the obligations of its subsidiaries for the payment of tenant improvement allowances and brokerage commissions in connection with their leases and limited costs arising from delays in delivery of their premises. 
The Company has letter of credit and performance obligations related to lender and development requirements that total approximately $7.8 million.$20.0 million at December 31, 2020.
Certain of the Company’s joint venture agreements include provisions whereby, at certain specified times, each partner has the right to initiate a purchase or sale of its interest in the joint ventures. With limited exception, under these provisions, the Company is not compelled to purchase the interest of its outside joint venture partners. From time to time, under certain of the Company’s joint venture agreements, if certain return thresholds are achieved, either the Company or its partners willmay be entitled to an additional promoted interest or payments. See also Note 10.
From time to time, the Company (or ventures in which the Company has an ownership interest) has agreed, and may in the future agree, to (1) guarantee portions of the principal, interest and other amounts in connection with their borrowings, (2) provide customary environmental indemnifications and nonrecourse carve-outs (e.g., guarantees against fraud, misrepresentation and bankruptcy) in connection with their borrowings and (3) provide guarantees to lenders, tenants and other third parties for the completion of development projects. The Company has agreements with its outside partners whereby the partners agree to reimburse the joint venture for their share of
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any payments made under the guarantee. In some cases, the Company earns a fee from the applicable joint venture for providing the guarantee.
In connection with the refinancing of 767 Fifth Avenue’s (the General Motors Building) secured loan by the Company’s consolidated joint venture entity, 767 Venture, LLC, the Company guaranteed the consolidated entity’s obligation to fund various reserves for tenant improvement costs and allowances, leasing commissions and free rent obligations in lieu of cash deposits. As of December 31, 2018,2020, the maximum funding obligation under the guarantee was approximately $116.1$30.6 million. The Company earns a fee from the joint venture for providing the guarantee and has an agreement with the outside partners to reimburse the joint venture for their share of any payments made under the guarantee. As of December 31, 2018,2020, no amounts related to the guarantee are recorded as liabilities in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Pursuant to the lease agreement with Marriott, the Company has guaranteed the completion of the office building and parking garage on behalf of its 7750 Wisconsin Avenue joint venture and has also agreed to provide anyprovided a financing guaranty that may beas required with respect to the third-party construction financing.  The Company earns fees from the joint venture for providing the guarantees and any amounts the Company pays under the guarantee(s) will be deemed to be capital contributions by the Company to the joint venture.  The Company has also agreed to fund construction costs through capital contributions to the joint venture in the event of unavailability or insufficiency of third-party construction financing.  In addition, the Company has guaranteed to Marriott, as hotel manager, the completion of a hotel being developed by an affiliate of The Bernstein Companies (the Company'sCompany’s partner in the 7750 Wisconsin Avenue joint venture) adjacent to the office property, for which the Company earns a fee from the affiliate of The Bernstein Companies.  In addition, the Company entered into agreements with affiliates of The Bernstein Companies whereby the Company could be required to act as a mezzanine and/or mortgage lender and finance the construction of the hotel property.  An affiliate of The Bernstein Companies exercised its option to borrow $10.0 million from the Company under such agreements, which financing was provided by the Company on June 1, 2020. The financing bears interest at a fixed rate of 8.00% per annum, compounded monthly, and matures on the fifth anniversary of the date on which the base building of the affiliate of The Bernstein Companies’ hotel property is substantially completed. The financing is collateralized by a pledge of the partner’s equity interest in the joint venture that owns and is developing 7750 Wisconsin Avenue. To secure such financing arrangements, affiliates of The Bernstein Companies are required to provide certain security, which varies depending on the specific loan, by pledges of their equity interest in the office property, or, a fee mortgage on the hotel property, or both. As of December 31, 2018, no2020, 0 amounts related to the contingent aspect of any of the guarantees are recorded as liabilities in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In connection with the sale and development of the Company'sCompany’s 6595 Springfield Center Drive development project, the Company has guaranteed the completion of the project and the payment of certain cost overruns in accordance with the development management agreement with the buyer. Although the project has been sold and the lease with the federal governmentFederal Government tenant has been assigned to the buyer, pursuant to the terms of the federal

governmentFederal Government lease, the federal governmentFederal Government tenant is not obligated to release the prior owner/landlord from such landlord’s obligations under the lease until completion of the construction. As a result, the entity which previously owned the land remains liable to the federal governmentFederal Government tenant for the completion of the construction obligations under the lease.  The buyer is obligated to fund the balance of the costs to meet such construction obligations, subject to the Company’s obligation to fund cost overruns (if any), as noted above. An affiliate of the buyer has provided a guaranty of the obligations of the buyer to fund such construction costs and the buyer has agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to require the construction lender to provide certain remedies to the Company in the event the buyer does not fund such construction obligations. As of December 31, 2018, no2020, 0 amounts related to the contingent aspect of the guarantee are recorded as a liability in the Company’s consolidated financial statements (See Note 3).statements.
In connection with the redevelopment of the Company’s 325 Main Street property located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the Company is required, pursuant to the local zoning ordinance, to commence construction of a residential building of at least 200,000 square feet with 25% of the project designated as income-restricted (with a minimum of 20% of the square footage devoted to home ownership units) prior to the occupancy of the 325 Main Street property, which is expected to occur during the third quarter of 2022. 325 Main Street consisted of an approximately 115,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property that was demolished and is being developed into an approximately 420,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property, including approximately 41,000 net rentable square feet of retail space.
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In 2009, the Company filed a general unsecured creditor’s claim against Lehman Brothers, Inc. for approximately $45.3 million related to its rejection of a lease at 399 Park Avenue in New York City. On January 10, 2014, the trustee for the liquidation of the business of Lehman Brothers allowed the Company’s claim in the amount of approximately $45.2 million. During 2020, the Company received a distribution totaling approximately $0.1 million. During the years 2014 2015, 2016, 2017 andthrough 2018, the Company received distributions totalingaggregating approximately $7.7$18.0 million, $8.1 million, $1.4 million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, which are included in Base Rent in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, leaving a remaining claim of approximately $27.2$27.1 million. The Company will continue to evaluate whether to attempt to sell the remaining claim or wait until the trustee distributes proceeds from the Lehman Brothers estate. Given the inherent uncertainties in bankruptcy proceedings, there can be no assurance as to the timing or amount of additional proceeds, if any, that the Company may ultimately realize on the remaining claim, whether by sale to a third party or by one or more distributions from the trustee. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded any estimated recoveries associated with this gain contingency within its Consolidated Financial Statements at December 31, 2018.2020.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Management of the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of tenants and may require tenants to provide some form of credit support such as corporate guarantees and/or other financial guarantees. Although the Company’s properties are geographically diverse and the tenants operate in a variety of industries, to the extent the Company has a significant concentration of rental revenue from any single tenant, the inability of that tenant to make its lease payments could have an adverse effect on the Company.
Insurance
The Company’s property insurance program per occurrence limits are $1.0 billion for its portfolio insurance program, including coverage for acts of terrorism other than nuclear, biological, chemical or radiological terrorism (“Terrorism Coverage”). The Company also carries $250 million of Terrorism Coverage for 601 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York (“601 Lexington Avenue”) in excess of the $1.0 billionof coverage in the Company’s property insurance program. Certain properties, including the General Motors Building located at 767 Fifth Avenue in New York, New York (“767 Fifth Avenue”), are currently insured in separate insurance programs. The property insurance program per occurrence limits for 767 Fifth Avenue are $1.625 billion, including Terrorism Coverage. The Company also currently carries nuclear, biological, chemical and radiological terrorism insurance coverage for acts of terrorism certified under the Federal Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (as amended, “TRIA”) (“NBCR Coverage”), which is provided by IXP as a direct insurer, for the properties in the Company'sCompany’s portfolio, including 767 Fifth Avenue, but excluding certain other properties owned in joint ventures with third parties or which the Company manages. The per occurrence limit for NBCR Coverage is $1.0 billion. Under TRIA, after the payment of the required deductible and coinsurance, the NBCR Coverage provided by IXP is backstopped by the Federal Government if the aggregate industry insured losses resulting from a certified act of terrorism exceed a “program trigger.” In 2018, theThe program trigger was $160is $200 million, the coinsurance is 20% and the coinsurance was 18%, however, both will increase in subsequent years pursuantdeductible is 20% of the premiums earned by the insurer for the year prior to TRIA.a claim. If the Federal Government pays out for a loss under TRIA, it is mandatory that the Federal Government recoup the full amount of the loss from insurers offering TRIA coverage after the payment of the loss pursuant to a formula in TRIA. The Company may elect to terminate the NBCR Coverage if the Federal Government seeks recoupment for losses paid under TRIA, if TRIA is not extended after its expiration on December 31, 2020,2027, if there is a change in its portfolio or for any other reason. The Company intends to continue to monitor the scope, nature and cost of available terrorism insurance.
The Company also currently carries earthquake insurance on its properties located in areas known to be subject to earthquakes. In addition, this insurance is subject to a deductible in the amount of 3% of the value of the affected property. Specifically, the Company currently carries earthquake insurance which covers its San Francisco and Los Angeles regions with a $240 million per occurrence limit, and a $240 million annual aggregate limit, $20

million of which is provided by IXP, as a direct insurer. The amount of the Company’s earthquake insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover losses from earthquakes. In addition, the amount of earthquake coverage could impact the Company’s ability to finance properties subject to earthquake risk. The Company may discontinue earthquake insurance or change the structure of its earthquake insurance program on some or all of its properties in the future if the premiums exceed the Company’s estimation of the value of the coverage.
IXP, a captive insurance company which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, acts as a direct insurer with respect to a portion of the Company’s earthquake insurance coverage for its Greater San Francisco and Los Angeles properties and the Company’s NBCR Coverage. Insofar as the Company owns IXP, it is responsible for its liquidity and capital resources, and the accounts of IXP are part of the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In particular, if a loss occurs which is covered by the Company’s NBCR Coverage but is less than the applicable
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program trigger under TRIA, IXP would be responsible for the full amount of the loss without any backstop by the Federal Government. IXP would also be responsible for any recoupment charges by the Federal Government in the event losses are paid out and its insurance policy is maintained after the payout by the Federal Government. If the Company experiences a loss and IXP is required to pay under its insurance policy, the Company would ultimately record the loss to the extent of the required payment. Therefore, insurance coverage provided by IXP should not be considered as the equivalent of third-party insurance, but rather as a modified form of self-insurance. In addition, Boston Properties Limited Partnership has issued a guarantee to cover liabilities of IXP in the amount of $20.0 million.
The mortgages onDue to the current COVID-19 pandemic, the Company anticipates the possibility of business interruption, loss of lease revenue and/or other associated expenses related to the Company’s properties typically contain requirements concerningoperations across its portfolio. Because this is an ongoing situation it is not yet possible to quantify the financial ratingsCompany’s losses and expenses, which continue to develop. Because of the insurers who provide policies covering the property. The Company provides the lenders on a regular basis with the identitycomplexity of the insurance companies in the Company’s insurance programs. The ratings of somepolicies and limited precedent for claims being made related to pandemics, it is not yet possible to determine if such losses and expenses will be covered by the Company’s insurance policies. Therefore, at this time, the Company is providing notice to the applicable insurers of the Company’s insurers are below the rating requirementspotential for claims in some oforder to protect the Company’s loan agreements and the lenders for these loans could attempt to claim that an event of default has occurredrights under the loan. The Company believes it could obtain insurance with insurers which satisfy the rating requirements. Additionally, in the future, the Company’s ability to obtain debt financing secured by individual properties, or the terms of such financing, may be adversely affected if lenders generally insist on ratings for insurers or amounts of insurance which are difficult to obtain or which result in a commercially unreasonable premium. There can be no assurance that a deficiency in the financial ratings of one or more of the Company’s insurers will not have a material adverse effect on the Company.its policies.
The Company continues to monitor the state of the insurance market in general, and the scope and costs of coverage for acts of terrorism, and California earthquake risk and pandemics, in particular, but the Company cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in future policy years. There are other types of losses, such as from wars, for which the Company cannot obtain insurance at all or at a reasonable cost. With respect to such losses and losses from acts of terrorism, earthquakes or other catastrophic events, if the Company experiences a loss that is uninsured or that exceeds policy limits, the Company could lose the capital invested in the damaged properties, as well as the anticipated future revenues from those properties. Depending on the specific circumstances of each affected property, it is possible that the Company could be liable for mortgage indebtedness or other obligations related to the property. Any such loss could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business and financial condition and results of operations.
Legal Matters
The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. These matters are generally covered by insurance. Management believes that the final outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on the financial position, results of operations or liquidity of the Company.
State and Local Tax Matters
Because Boston Properties, Inc. is organized and qualifies as a REIT, it is generally not subject to federal income taxes, but is subject to certain state and local taxes. In the normal course of business, certain entities through which the Company owns real estate either have undergone, or are currently undergoing, tax audits. Although the Company believes that it has substantial arguments in favor of its positions in the ongoing audits, in some instances there is no controlling precedent or interpretive guidance on the specific point at issue. Collectively, tax deficiency notices received to date from the jurisdictions conducting the ongoing audits have not been material. However, there can be no assurance that future audits will not occur with increased frequency or that the ultimate result of such audits will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations.

Environmental Matters
It is the Company’s policy to retain independent environmental consultants to conduct or update Phase I environmental assessments (which generally do not involve invasive techniques such as soil or ground water sampling) and asbestos surveys in connection with the Company’s acquisition of properties. These pre-purchase environmental assessments have not revealed environmental conditions that the Company believes will have a material adverse effect on its business, assets, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity, and the Company is not otherwise aware of environmental conditions with respect to its properties that the Company believes would have such a material adverse effect. However, from time to time environmental conditions at the Company’s properties have required and may in the future require environmental testing and/or regulatory filings, as well as remedial action.
InFor example, in February 1999, the Company (through a joint venture) acquired from Exxon Corporation a property in Massachusetts that was formerly used as a petroleum bulk storage and distribution facility and was known by the state regulatory authority to contain soil and groundwater contamination. The Company developed an office park on the property. The Company engaged a specially licensed environmental consultant to oversee the
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management of contaminated soil and groundwater that was disturbed in the course of construction. Under the property acquisition agreement, Exxon agreed to (1) bear the liability arising from releases or discharges of oil and hazardous substances which occurred at the site prior to the Company’s ownership, (2) continue monitoring and/or remediating such releases and discharges as necessary and appropriate to comply with applicable requirements, and (3) indemnify the Company for certain losses arising from preexisting site conditions. Any indemnity claim may be subject to various defenses and contractual limitations, including time limits, and there can be no assurance that the amounts paid under the indemnity, if any, would be sufficient to cover the liabilities arising from any such releases and discharges.
Environmental investigations at some of the Company’s properties and certain properties owned by affiliates of the Company have identified groundwater contamination migrating from off-site source properties. In each case the Company engaged a licensed environmental consultant to perform the necessary investigations and assessments and to prepare any required submittals to the regulatory authorities. In each case the environmental consultant concluded that the properties qualify under the regulatory program or the regulatory practice for a status which eliminates certain deadlines for conducting response actions at a site. The Company also believes that these properties qualify for liability relief under certain statutory provisions or regulatory practices regarding upgradient releases. Although the Company believes that the current or former owners of the upgradient source properties may bear responsibility for some or all of the costs of addressing the identified groundwater contamination, the Company will take such further response actions (if any) that it deems necessary or advisable. Other than periodic testing at some of these properties, no such additional response actions are anticipated at this time. 
Some of the Company’s properties and certain properties owned by the Company’s affiliates are located in urban, industrial and other previously developed areas where fill or current or historical uses of the areas have caused site contamination. Accordingly, it is sometimes necessary to institute special soil and/or groundwater handling procedures and/or include particular building design features in connection with development, construction and other property operations in order to achieve regulatory closure and/or ensure that contaminated materials are addressed in an appropriate manner. In these situations, it is the Company’s practice to investigate the nature and extent of detected contamination, including potential issues associated with vapor intrusion concerns and/or potential contaminant migration to or from the subject property in groundwater, assess potential liability risks and estimate the costs of required response actions and special handling procedures contaminant migration, assess potential liability risks and estimate the costs of required response actions and special handling procedures. The Company then uses this information as part of its decision-making process with respect to the acquisition, deal structure and/or development of the property. For example, the Company owns a parcel in Massachusetts which was formerly used as a quarry/asphalt batching facility. Pre-purchase testing indicated that the site contained relatively low levels of certain contaminants. The Company has developed an office park on this property. Prior to and during redevelopment activities, the Company engaged a specially licensed environmental consultant to monitor environmental conditions at the site and prepare necessary regulatory submittals based on the results of an environmental risk characterization. A submittal has been made to the regulatory authorities in order to achieve regulatory closure at this site. The submittal included an environmental deed restriction that mandates compliance with certain protective measures in a portion of the site where low levels of residual soil contamination have been left in place in accordance with applicable laws.
The Company expects that resolution of the environmental matters relating to the above will not have a material impact on its business, assets, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. However, the Company cannot assure you that it has identified all environmental liabilities at its properties, that all necessary remediation actions have been or will be undertaken at the Company’s properties or that the Company will be indemnified, in full or at all, in the event that such environmental liabilities arise.

10.11. Noncontrolling Interests
Noncontrolling interests relate to the interests in Boston Properties Limited Partnership not owned by Boston Properties, Inc. and interests in consolidated property partnerships not wholly-owned by the Company. As of December 31, 2018,2020, the noncontrolling interests in Boston Properties Limited Partnership consisted of 16,783,55816,037,121 OP Units, 991,5771,336,115 LTIP Units (including 118,067105,080 2012 OPP Units, 68,88964,468 2013 MYLTIP Units, 23,18723,100 2014 MYLTIP Units, and 28,72424,966 2015 MYLTIP Units), 471,579Units, 89,791 2016 MYLTIP Units 398,871and 116,078 2017 MYLTIP Units), 336,195 2018 MYLTIP Units, 219,916 2019 MYLTIP Units and 341,366 2018203,278 2020 MYLTIP Units held by parties other than Boston Properties, Inc.
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Noncontrolling Interest—Common Units
During the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017, 83,1362019, 856,811 and 495,637144,481 OP Units, respectively, were presented by the holders for redemption (including 48,38988,168 and 36,48692,678 OP Units, respectively, issued upon conversion of LTIP Units, 2012 OPP Units and 2013 MYLTIP Units and 2014- 2017 MYLTIP Units) and were redeemed by Boston Properties, Inc. in exchange for an equal number of shares of Common Stock.
Boston Properties Limited Partnership exercised its right under the terms of its partnership agreement to convert an aggregate of 625,043 eligible LTIP Units (including an aggregate of 32,349 2012 OPP Units and 2013 MYLTIP Units) into Common Units effective as of May 2, 2016.These conversions were effected solely for administrative efficiency and had no substantive impact on the rights of Boston Properties Limited Partnership or the holders of these LTIP Units, as the economic and other rights of the LTIP Units converted were substantively identical to those of the Common Units.In the future, Boston Properties Limited Partnership intends to convert LTIP Units (including 2012 OPP Units and MYLTIP Units) into Common Units promptly after they become eligible for conversion. The May 2016 conversions were, and future conversions will be, effected at the election of Boston Properties Limited Partnership and are without regard to the investment intentions of the holders of the units.
At December 31, 2018,2020, Boston Properties Limited Partnership had outstanding 471,579 2016336,195 2018 MYLTIP Units, 398,871 2017219,916 2019 MYLTIP Units and 341,366 2018203,278 2020 MYLTIP Units (See Note 16).Units. Prior to the applicable measurement date (February 9, 20195, 2021 for 20162018 MYLTIP Units (See Note 19)18), February 6, 20204, 2022 for 20172019 MYLTIP Units and February 5, 20213, 2023 for 20182020 MYLTIP Units), holders of MYLTIP Units will be entitled to receive per unit distributions equal to one-tenth (10%) of the regular quarterly distributions payable on an OP Unit, but will not be entitled to receive any special distributions. After the measurement date, the number of MYLTIP Units, both vested and unvested, that MYLTIP award recipients have earned, if any, based on the establishment of a performance pool, will be entitled to receive distributions in an amount per unit equal to distributions, both regular and special, payable on an OP Unit.
On February 4, 2016, the measurement period for the Company’s 2013 MYLTIP awards ended and, based on Boston Properties, Inc.’s relative TSR performance, the final awards were determined to be 109.5% of target, or an aggregate of approximately $13.5 million. As a result, 205,762 2013 MYLTIP Units were automatically forfeited.
On February 3, 2017, the measurement period for the Company’s 2014 MYLTIP awards ended and, based on Boston Properties, Inc.’s relative TSR performance, the final awards were determined to be 27.7% of target or an aggregate of approximately $3.5 million(after giving effect to voluntary employee separations and the unallocated reserve). As a result, an aggregate of 447,386 2014 MYLTIP Units that had been previously granted were automatically forfeited.
On February 4, 2018, the measurement period for the Company’s 2015 MYLTIP awards ended and, based on Boston Properties, Inc.’s relative TSR performance, the final awards were determined to be 22.0% of target, or an aggregate of approximately $3.6 million(after (after giving effect to voluntary employee separations). As a result, an aggregate of 337,847 2015 MYLTIP Units that had been previously granted were automatically forfeited.

On February 9, 2019, the measurement period for the Company’s 2016 MYLTIP awards ended and, based on Boston Properties, Inc.’s relative TSR performance, the final awards were determined to be 69.5% of target, or an aggregate of approximately $13.6 million (after giving effect to employee separations). As a result, an aggregate of 364,980 2016 MYLTIP Units that had been previously granted were automatically forfeited.
On February 6, 2020, the measurement period for the Company’s 2017 MYLTIP awards ended and, based on Boston Properties, Inc.’s relative TSR performance, the final awards were determined to be 83.8% of target, or an aggregate of approximately $17.6 million (after giving effect to employee separations). As a result, an aggregate of 270,942 2017 MYLTIP Units that had been previously granted were automatically forfeited.
The following table presents Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s distributions on the OP Units and LTIP Units (including the 2012 OPP Units, 2013 MYLTIP Units, 2014- 2016 MYLTIP Units and, after the February 4, 20186, 2020 measurement date, the 20152017 MYLTIP Units) and its distributions on the 20152017 MYLTIP Units (prior to the February 4, 20186, 2020 measurement date), and 2018 - 2020 MYLTIP Units (after the February 4, 2020 issuance date) that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2020:
Record DatePayment DateDistributions per OP Unit and LTIP UnitDistributions per MYLTIP Unit
December 31, 2020January 28, 2021$0.98 $0.098 
September 30, 2020October 30, 2020$0.98 $0.098 
June 30, 2020July 31, 2020$0.98 $0.098 
March 31, 2020April 30, 2020$0.98 $0.098 
December 31, 2019January 30, 2020$0.98 $0.098 
The following table presents Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s distributions on the OP Units and LTIP Units (including the 2012 OPP Units, 2013 - 2015 MYLTIP Units and, after the February 9, 2019 measurement date, the 2016 MYLTIP Units) and its distributions on the 2016 MYLTIP Units (prior to the February 9, 2019 measurement date) and 2017 MYLTIP Units and 2018- 2019 MYLTIP Units (after the February 5, 20182019 issuance date) paid in 2018:that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2019:
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Record Date Payment Date Distributions per OP Unit and LTIP Unit Distributions per MYLTIP Unit
December 31, 2018 January 30, 2019 
$0.95
 
$0.095
September 28, 2018 October 31, 2018 
$0.95
 
$0.095
June 29, 2018 July 31, 2018 
$0.80
 
$0.080
March 29, 2018 April 30, 2018 
$0.80
 
$0.080
December 29, 2017 January 30, 2018 
$0.80
 
$0.080

Record DatePayment DateDistributions per OP Unit and LTIP UnitDistributions per MYLTIP Unit
December 31, 2019January 30, 2020$0.98 $0.098 
September 30, 2019October 31, 2019$0.95 $0.095 
June 28, 2019July 31, 2019$0.95 $0.095 
March 29, 2019April 30, 2019$0.95 $0.095 
December 31, 2018January 30, 2019$0.95 $0.095 
A holder of an OP Unit may present the OP Unit to Boston Properties Limited Partnership for redemption at any time (subject to restrictions agreed upon at the time of issuance of OP Units to particular holders that may restrict such redemption right for a period of time, generally one1 year from issuance). Upon presentation of an OP Unit for redemption, Boston Properties Limited Partnership must redeem the OP Unit for cash equal to the then value of a share of common stockCommon Stock of Boston Properties, Inc. Boston Properties, Inc. may, in its sole discretion, elect to assume and satisfy the redemption obligation by paying either cash or issuing one1 share of Common Stock. The value of the OP Units (not owned by Boston Properties, Inc. and LTIP Units (including the 2012 OPP Units and 2013 MYLTIP Units, 2014 MYLTIP Units and 2015- 2017 MYLTIP Units) assuming that all conditions had been met for the conversion thereof) had all of such units been redeemed at December 31, 20182020 was approximately $2.0$1.6 billion based on the last reported price of a share of Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange of $112.55$94.53 per share on December 31, 2018.

Boston Properties Limited Partnership
The following table reflects the activity of noncontrolling interests—redeemable common units of Boston Properties Limited Partnership for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):
Balance at December 31, 2015$2,286,689
Contributions31,395
Net income59,260
Distributions(49,087)
Conversion of redeemable partnership units(6,461)
Unearned compensation(3,464)
Other comprehensive loss(4,379)
Adjustment to reflect redeemable partnership units at redemption value(51,913)
Balance at December 31, 20162,262,040
Contributions31,743
Net income52,210
Distributions(54,494)
Conversion of redeemable partnership units(16,916)
Unearned compensation1,650
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle(1,763)
Other comprehensive income206
Adjustment to reflect redeemable partnership units at redemption value17,587
Balance at December 31, 20172,292,263
Contributions34,680
Net income66,807
Distributions(62,731)
Conversion of redeemable partnership units(2,880)
Unearned compensation2,181
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle563
Other comprehensive income304
Adjustment to reflect redeemable partnership units at redemption value(330,596)
Balance at December 31, 2018$2,000,591
2020.
Noncontrolling Interests—Property Partnerships
The noncontrolling interests in property partnerships consist of the outside equity interests in ventures that are consolidated with the financial results of the Company because the Company exercises control over the entities that own the properties. The equity interests in these ventures that are not owned by the Company, totaling approximately $1.7 billion at December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, are included in Noncontrolling Interests—Property Partnerships on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
On May 12, 2016,April 1, 2019, the partnersCompany completed the acquisition of its partner’s 5% ownership interest and promoted profits interest in the Company’s consolidated entity that owns Salesforce Tower located in San Francisco, California amendedfor cash totaling approximately $210.9 million, which amount was reduced by approximately $24.1 million to $186.8 million to reflect the venture agreement. Under the original venture agreement, if the Company elects to fund the construction of Salesforce Tower without a construction loan (or a construction loan of less than 50% of project costs) and the venture has commenced vertical constructionrepayment of the project, then the partner’s capital funding obligation shall be limited, in which event the Company shall fund up to 2.5% of the total project costs (i.e., 50% of the partner’s 5% interest in the venture) in the form of a loan to the partner. This loan would bear interest at the then prevailing market interest rates for construction loans. Under the amended agreement, the partners have agreed to structure this funding by the Company as preferred equity rather than a loan. The preferred equity contributed by the Company earns a preferred return equal to LIBOR plus 3.00% per annum and is payable to the Company out of any distributions to which the partner would otherwise be entitled until suchCompany’s preferred equity and preferred return have been repaid to the Company. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had contributed an aggregate of approximately $22.6 million of preferred equity toin the venture. Also, underThe Company now owns 100% of Salesforce Tower. The Company has accounted for the joint venture agreement, (a) fromtransaction as an equity transaction for financial reporting purposes and afterhas reflected the stabilization date,difference between the partner has the right to cause the Company to purchase all (but not less than all)fair value of the partner’s interesttotal consideration paid and (b) from and after the third anniversary of the stabilization date,

the Company has the right to acquire all (but not less than all) of the partner’s interest, in each case at an agreed upon purchase price or appraised value.  In addition, if certain threshold returns are achieved the partner will be entitled to receive an additional promoted interest with respect to cash flow distributions.  The term stabilization date is defined in the agreement to generally mean the first date after completion upon which Salesforce Tower is (1) at least 90% leased and (2) 50% occupied by tenants that are paying rent (See Note 19). 
On June 6, 2017, in conjunction with the refinancing of the indebtedness of the Company’s consolidated entity in which it has a 60% interest and that owns 767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building) located in New York City, the members of the consolidated entity amended the limited liability company agreement to provide for the contribution of the remaining unpaid principal balance of the members’ notes payable totaling approximately $273.9 million (of which the Company’s share of approximately $164.4 million is eliminated in consolidation) to equity in the consolidated entity, resulting in an increase of approximately $109.6 million to Noncontrolling Interests in Property Partnerships on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. There were no changes to the ownership interests or rights of the members as a result of the amendment.
The following table reflects the activityrelated carrying value of the noncontrolling interests—interest - property partnerships forpartnership totaling approximately $162.5 million as a decrease to Additional Paid-in Capital and Partners’ Capital in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017Consolidated Balance Sheets of Boston Properties, Inc. and 2016 (in thousands):Boston Properties Limited Partnership, respectively.
Balance at December 31, 2015$1,574,400
Capital contributions10,756
Net loss(2,068)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(877)
Distributions(51,564)
Balance at December 31, 20161,530,647
Capital contributions (1)161,585
Net income47,832
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(2,128)
Distributions(54,176)
Balance at December 31, 20171,683,760
Capital contributions46,701
Net income62,909
Accumulated other comprehensive income576
Distributions(82,501)
Balance at December 31, 2018$1,711,445
 _______________
(1)Includes the contribution of the remaining unpaid principal balance of the members’ notes payable totaling $109,576 to equity in the consolidated entity that owns 767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building).

11.12. Stockholders’ Equity / Partners’ Capital
Boston Properties, Inc.
As of December 31, 2018,2020, Boston Properties, Inc. had 154,458,478155,718,825 shares of Common Stock outstanding.
As of December 31, 2020, Boston Properties, Inc. owned 1,730,921 general partnership units and 153,987,904 limited partnership units in Boston Properties Limited Partnership.
On June 2, 2017,May 22, 2020, Boston Properties, Inc. renewed its “at the market” (“ATM”) stock offering program through which it may sell from time to time up to an aggregate of $600.0 million of its common stockCommon Stock through sales agents over a three-year3-year period. Under the ATM stock offering program, Boston Properties, Inc. may also engage in forward sale transactions with affiliates of certain sales agents for the sale of its Common Stock on a forward basis. This program replaced the Company’sBoston Properties, Inc.’s prior $600.0 million ATM stock offering program that was scheduled to expire on June 3, 2017. The Company2, 2020. Boston Properties, Inc. intends to use the net proceeds from any offering for general business purposes, which may include investment opportunities and debt reduction. No shares of common stockCommon Stock have been issued under this ATM stock offering program.
During the yearyears ended December 31, 2018, there were no options to purchase Common Stock exercised. During the year ended December 31, 2017,2020 and 2019, Boston Properties, Inc. issued 6,68843,792 and 145,088 shares of Common Stock, respectively, upon the exercise of options to purchase Common Stock.

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During the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, Boston Properties, Inc. issued 83,136856,811 and 495,637144,481 shares of Common Stock, respectively, in connection with the redemption of an equal number of redeemable OP Units from limited partners.
The following table presents Boston Properties, Inc.’s dividends per share and Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s distributions per OP Unit and LTIP Unit paid or payabledeclared in 2018:2020 and during the year ended December 31, 2019:
Record Date Payment Date Dividend (Per Share)
 Distribution (Per Unit)
December 31, 2018 January 30, 2019 
$0.95
 
$0.95
September 28, 2018 October 31, 2018 
$0.95
 
$0.95
June 29, 2018 July 31, 2018 
$0.80
 
$0.80
March 29, 2018 April 30, 2018 
$0.80
 
$0.80
December 29, 2017 January 30, 2018 
$0.80
 
$0.80
Record DatePayment DateDividend (Per Share)Distribution (Per Unit)
December 31, 2020January 28, 2021$0.98 $0.98 
September 30, 2020October 30, 2020$0.98 $0.98 
June 30, 2020July 31, 2020$0.98 $0.98 
March 31, 2020April 30, 2020$0.98 $0.98 
December 31, 2019January 30, 2020$0.98 $0.98 
December 31, 2019January 30, 2020$0.98 $0.98 
September 30, 2019October 31, 2019$0.95 $0.95 
June 28, 2019July 31, 2019$0.95 $0.95 
March 29, 2019April 30, 2019$0.95 $0.95 
December 31, 2018January 30, 2019$0.95 $0.95 
Preferred Stock
As of December 31, 2018,2020, Boston Properties, Inc. had 80,000 shares (8,000,000 depositary shares each representing 1/100th of a share) outstanding of its 5.25% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock with a liquidation preference of $2,500.00 per share ($25.00 per depositary share). Boston Properties, Inc. pays cumulative cash dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock at a rate of 5.25% per annum of the $2,500.00 liquidation preference per share. Boston Properties, Inc. did not have the right to redeem the Series B Preferred Stock prior to March 27, 2018, except in certain circumstances relating to the preservation of Boston Properties, Inc.’s REIT status. On and after March 27, 2018, Boston Properties, Inc., at its option, may redeem the Series B Preferred Stock for a cash redemption price of $2,500.00 per share ($25.00 per depositary share), plus all accrued and unpaid dividends. The Series B Preferred Stock is not redeemable by the holders, has no maturity date and is not convertible into any other security of Boston Properties, Inc. or its affiliates.
The following table presents Boston Properties, Inc.’s dividends per share on its outstanding Series B Preferred Stock paid or payable in 2018:
declared during 2020 and during the year ended December 31, 2019:
Record DatePayment DateDividend (Per Share)
February 5, 2021February 16, 2021$32.8125 
November 4, 2020November 16, 2020$32.8125 
August 3, 2020August 17, 2020$32.8125 
May 1, 2020May 15, 2020$32.8125 
February 4, 2020February 18, 2020$32.8125 
February 4, 2020February 18, 2020$32.8125 
November 1, 2019November 15, 2019$32.8125 
August 2, 2019August 15, 2019$32.8125 
May 3, 2019May 15, 2019$32.8125 
February 4, 2019February 15, 2019
$32.8125 		$32.8125
November 2, 2018November 15, 2018
$32.8125
August 3, 2018August 15, 2018
$32.8125
May 4, 2018May 15, 2018
$32.8125
February 2, 2018February 15, 2018
$32.8125

Boston Properties Limited Partnership
The following table presents the changes in the issued and outstanding partners’ capital units since January 1, 2016:
169
  
General
Partner Units
 
Limited
Partner Units
 Total Partners’
Capital Units
Outstanding at December 31, 2015 1,715,092
 151,864,874
 153,579,966
Units issued to Boston Properties, Inc. related to Common Stock issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan 72
 5,623
 5,695
Units issued to Boston Properties, Inc. related to Common Stock issued under the Stock Option and Incentive Plan, net 172
 13,485
 13,657
Units issued to Boston Properties, Inc. related to Common Stock issued in exchange for OP Units 2,407
 188,450
 190,857
Outstanding at December 31, 2016 1,717,743
 152,072,432
 153,790,175
Units issued to Boston Properties, Inc. related to Common Stock issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan 21
 6,296
 6,317
Units issued to Boston Properties, Inc. related to Common Stock issued under the Stock Option and Incentive Plan, net 111
 33,046
 33,157
Units issued to Boston Properties, Inc. related to Common Stock issued in exchange for OP Units 1,665
 493,972
 495,637
Outstanding at December 31, 2017 1,719,540
 152,605,746
 154,325,286
Units issued to Boston Properties, Inc. related to Common Stock issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan 132
 6,136
 6,268
Units issued to Boston Properties, Inc. related to Common Stock issued under the Stock Option and Incentive Plan, net 919
 42,869
 43,788
Units issued to Boston Properties, Inc. related to Common Stock issued in exchange for OP Units 1,745
 81,391
 83,136
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 1,722,336
 152,736,142
 154,458,478
As
Table of December 31, 2018, Boston Properties, Inc. owned 1,722,336 general partnership units and 152,736,142 limited partnership units.
The following table reflects the activity of the Series B Preferred Units for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands), which activity is included within Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s Consolidated Statements of Partners’ Capital:
Contents
Balance at December 31, 2015$193,623
Net income10,500
Distributions(10,500)
Balance at December 31, 2016193,623
Net income10,500
Distributions(10,500)
Balance at December 31, 2017193,623
Net income10,500
Distributions(10,500)
Balance at December 31, 2018$193,623

12. Future Minimum Rents
The properties are leased to tenants under net operating leases with initial term expiration dates ranging from 2019 to 2049. The future contractual minimum lease payments to be received (excluding operating expense reimbursements) by the Company as of December 31, 2018, under non-cancelable operating leases which expire on various dates through 2049, are as follows: 
Years Ending December 31,(in thousands)
2019$2,088,171
20202,106,963
20212,015,031
20221,838,699
20231,736,636
Thereafter12,295,464
No single tenant represented more than 10.0% of the Company’s total rental revenue for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.
13. Segment Information
The following tables present reconciliations of Net Income Attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. Common Shareholders to the Company’s share of Net Operating Income and Net Income Attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership Common Unitholders to the Company’s share of Net Operating Income for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016.

2018.
Boston Properties, Inc.
 Year ended December 31,
202020192018
(in thousands)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders$862,227 $511,034 $572,347 
Add:
Preferred dividends10,500 10,500 10,500 
Noncontrolling interest—common units of the Operating Partnership97,704 59,345 66,807 
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships48,260 71,120 62,909 
Interest expense431,717 412,717 378,168 
Loss from early extinguishment of debt0 29,540 16,490 
Impairment loss0 24,038 11,812 
Net operating income from unconsolidated joint ventures94,943 97,716 79,893 
Depreciation and amortization expense683,751 677,764 645,649 
Transaction costs1,531 1,984 1,604 
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts11,626 10,386 9,590 
General and administrative expense133,112 140,777 121,722 
Less:
Net operating income attributable to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships162,887 183,989 177,365 
Gains (losses) from investments in securities5,261 6,417 (1,865)
Interest and other income (loss)5,953 18,939 10,823 
Gains on sales of real estate618,982 709 182,356 
Income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures(85,110)46,592 2,222 
Direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts11,626 10,386 9,590 
Development and management services revenue29,641 40,039 45,158 
Company’s share of Net Operating Income$1,626,131 $1,739,850 $1,551,842 

170
  Year ended December 31,
  2018 2017 2016
  (in thousands)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders $572,347
 $451,939
 $502,285
Add:      
Preferred dividends 10,500
 10,500
 10,500
Noncontrolling interest—common units of the Operating Partnership 66,807
 52,210
 59,260
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships 62,909
 47,832
 (2,068)
Losses from interest rate contracts —
 —
 140
Interest expense 378,168
 374,481
 412,849
Impairment losses 11,812
 —
 1,783
Depreciation and amortization expense 645,649
 617,547
 694,403
Transaction costs 1,604
 668
 2,387
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts 9,590
 —
 —
General and administrative expense 121,722
 113,715
 105,229
Less:      
Gains (losses) from early extinguishments of debt (16,490) 496
 (371)
Gains (losses) from investments in securities (1,865) 3,678
 2,273
Interest and other income 10,823
 5,783
 7,230
Gains on sales of real estate 182,356
 7,663
 80,606
Gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture —
 —
 59,370
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures 2,222
 11,232
 8,074
Direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts 9,590
 —
 —
Development and management services revenue 45,158
 34,605
 28,284
Net Operating Income $1,649,314
 $1,605,435
 $1,601,302
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Boston Properties Limited Partnership
 Year ended December 31,
 202020192018
(in thousands)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders$979,979 $580,102 $656,903 
Add:
Preferred distributions10,500 10,500 10,500 
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships48,260 71,120 62,909 
Interest expense431,717 412,717 378,168 
Loss from early extinguishment of debt0 29,540 16,490 
Impairment loss0 22,272 10,181 
Net operating income from unconsolidated joint ventures94,943 97,716 79,893 
Depreciation and amortization expense676,666 669,956 637,891 
Transaction costs1,531 1,984 1,604 
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts11,626 10,386 9,590 
General and administrative expense133,112 140,777 121,722 
Less:
Net operating income attributable to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships162,887 183,989 177,365 
Gains (losses) from investments in securities5,261 6,417 (1,865)
Interest and other income (loss)5,953 18,939 10,823 
Gains on sales of real estate631,945 858 190,716 
Income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures(85,110)46,592 2,222 
Direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts11,626 10,386 9,590 
Development and management services revenue29,641 40,039 45,158 
Company’s share of Net Operating Income$1,626,131 $1,739,850 $1,551,842 
 Year ended December 31,
  2018 2017 2016
  (in thousands)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders $656,903
 $512,866
 $575,341
Add:      
Preferred distributions 10,500
 10,500
 10,500
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships 62,909
 47,832
 (2,068)
Losses from interest rate contracts

 —
 —
 140
Interest expense 378,168
 374,481
 412,849
Impairment losses 10,181
 —
 1,783
Depreciation and amortization expense 637,891
 609,407
 682,776
Transaction costs 1,604
 668
 2,387
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts 9,590
 —
 —
General and administrative expense 121,722
 113,715
 105,229
Less:      
Gains (losses) from early extinguishments of debt (16,490) 496
 (371)
Gains (losses) from investments in securities (1,865) 3,678
 2,273
Interest and other income 10,823
 5,783
 7,230
Gains on sales of real estate 190,716
 8,240
 82,775
Gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture

 —
 —
 59,370
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures 2,222
 11,232
 8,074
Direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts 9,590
 —
 —
Development and management services revenue 45,158
 34,605
 28,284
Net Operating Income $1,649,314
 $1,605,435
 $1,601,302

Net operating income (“NOI”) is a non-GAAP financial measure equal to net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders and net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders, as applicable, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, plus (1) preferred dividends/distributions, net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, losses from interest rate contracts, interest expense, loss from early extinguishment of debt, impairment losses,loss, depreciation and amortization expense, transaction costs, payroll and related costs from management services contracts and corporate general and administrative expense less (2) gains (losses) from early extinguishments of debt, gains (losses) from investments in securities, interest and other income (loss), gains on sales of real estate, gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture, income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures, direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts and development and management services revenue. The Company believes NOI is useful to investors as a performance measure and believes it provides useful information to investors regarding its results of operations and financial condition because, when compared across periods, it reflects the impact on operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs and acquisition and development activity on an unleveraged basis, providing perspective not immediately apparent from net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders and net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders. For example, interest expense is not necessarily linked to the operating performance of a real estate asset and is often incurred at the corporate level as opposed to the property level. Similarly, interest expense may be incurred at the property level even though the financing proceeds may be used at the corporate level (e.g., used for other investment activity). In addition, depreciation and amortization expense, because of historical cost accounting and useful life estimates, may distort operating performance measures at the property level. NOI presented by the Company may not be comparable to NOI reported by other REITs or real estate companies that define NOI differently.

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The Company’s internal reporting utilizes its share of NOI, which includes its share of NOI from consolidated and unconsolidated joint ventures, which is a non-GAAP financial measure that is calculated as the consolidated amount, plus the Company’s share of the amount from the Company’s unconsolidated joint ventures (calculated based upon the Company’s economic percentage ownership interest and, in some cases, after priority allocations), minus the Company’s partners’ share of the amount from the Company’s consolidated joint ventures (calculated based upon the partners’ economic percentage ownership interests and, in some cases, after priority allocations, income allocation to private REIT shareholders and their share of fees due to the Company). The Company’s share of NOI from unconsolidated joint ventures does not include impairment losses on its investments in unconsolidated joint ventures or its share of gains on sales of real estate from unconsolidated joint ventures, both of which are included within Income From Unconsolidated Joint Ventures in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.  Management utilizes its share of NOI in assessing its performance as the Company has several significant joint ventures and, in some cases, the Company exercises significant influence over, but does not control, the joint venture, in which case GAAP requires that the Company account for the joint venture entity using the equity method of accounting and the Company does not consolidate it for financial reporting purposes. In other cases, GAAP requires that the Company consolidate the venture even though the Company’s partner(s) owns a significant percentage interest. As a result, the presentations of the Company’s share of NOI should not be considered a substitute for, and should only be considered together with and as a supplement to, the Company’s financial information presented in accordance with GAAP.
Asset information by segment is not reported because the Company does not use this measure to assess performance. Therefore, depreciation and amortization expense is not allocated among segments. Preferred dividends/distributions, net income attributable noncontrolling interests, losses from interest rate contracts, interest expense, loss from early extinguishment of debt, impairment losses,loss, depreciation and amortization expense, transactionstransaction costs, payroll and related costs from management services contracts, corporate general and administrative expense, gains (losses) from early extinguishments of debt, gains (losses) from investments in securities, interest and other income (loss), gains on sales of real estate, interest and other income gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint venture, income(loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures, direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts and development and management services revenue are not included in NOI and are provided as internal reporting addresses thesereconciling items on a corporate level.to the Company’s reconciliations of its share of NOI to net income attributable to common shareholders/unitholders.
The Company’s segments are based on the Company’s method of internal reporting which classifies its operations by both geographic area and property type.area. The Company’s segments by geographic area are Boston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco and Washington, DC. SegmentsThe Company also presents information for each segment by property type, include:including Office, Residential and Hotel.
Included within the Office property type are commercial office and retail leases, as well as parking revenue.  Upon the adoption of ASC 842, any write-off for bad debt, including accrued rent, will be recorded as a reduction to lease revenue. As a result of COVID-19, during the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company wrote off approximately $67.7 million related to accrued rent balances and approximately $22.6 million related to accounts receivable balances. The write-offs were for tenants, primarily in the retail, entertainment and co-working sectors, that either terminated their leases or that the Company considered their accrued rent and/or accounts receivable balances no longer probable of collection.
In addition, parking and other revenue for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased by approximately $32.9 million compared to 2019. These decreases were primarily in transient and monthly parking revenue.
The degree to which the Company’s commercial and retail tenants’ and parking operators’ businesses are, or will continue to be, negatively impacted by COVID-19, including by measures intended to reduce its spread, such as mandatory business closures and “stay-at-home” orders, could result in a reduction in the Company’s cash flows or require that the Company write off additional accrued rent and/or accounts receivable balances, and this could have a material adverse effect on lease revenue and thus the results of the Company’s Office property type.
The Boston Marriott Cambridge closed in March 2020 due to COVID-19. The hotel re-opened on October 2, 2020 and has been operating at a diminished occupancy due to the continued impacts that COVID-19 has had on business and leisure travel. The closing of the hotel for more than two fiscal quarters, weak demand and low occupancy since its re-opening, have had, and are expected to continue to have, a material adverse effect on the hotel’s operations and thus the results of the Company’s Hotel property type.
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Information by geographic area and property type (dollars in thousands):
For the year ended December 31, 2018:2020:
BostonLos AngelesNew YorkSan FranciscoWashington, DCTotal
Rental Revenue: (1)
Office$897,915 $0 $935,966 $508,327 $336,587 $2,678,795 
Residential13,616 0 0 155 24,375 38,146 
Hotel7,478 0 0 0 0 7,478 
Total919,009 0 935,966 508,482 360,962 2,724,419 
% of Grand Totals33.73 %0 %34.36 %18.66 %13.25 %100.00 %
Rental Expenses:
Office318,509 0 384,753 163,156 132,051 998,469 
Residential5,378 0 0 2,261 11,100 18,739 
Hotel13,136 0 0 0 0 13,136 
Total337,023 0 384,753 165,417 143,151 1,030,344 
% of Grand Totals32.71 %0 %37.35 %16.05 %13.89 %100.00 %
Net operating income$581,986 $0 $551,213 $343,065 $217,811 $1,694,075 
% of Grand Totals34.35 %0 %32.54 %20.25 %12.86 %100.00 %
Less: Net operating income attributable to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships(41,849)0 (121,038)0 0 (162,887)
Add: Company’s share of net operating income from unconsolidated joint ventures10,765 57,907 (5,326)14,928 16,669 94,943 
Company’s share of net operating income$550,902 $57,907 $424,849 $357,993 $234,480 $1,626,131 
% of Grand Totals33.88 %3.56 %26.12 %22.02 %14.42 %100.00 %
  _______________
(1)Rental Revenue is equal to Total Revenue per the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations, less Development and Management Services Revenue and Direct Reimbursements of Payroll and Related Costs from Management Services Contracts Revenue per the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
173
 Boston New York San Francisco Washington, DC Total
Rental Revenue:         
Office$838,341
 $959,050
 $397,180
 $396,088
 $2,590,659
Residential6,694
 —
 —
 15,857
 22,551
Hotel49,118
 —
 —
 —
 49,118
Total894,153
 959,050
 397,180
 411,945
 2,662,328
% of Grand Totals33.59% 36.02% 14.92% 15.47% 100.00%
Rental Expenses:         
Office315,653
 377,992
 130,016
 142,886
 966,547
Residential3,632
 —
 —
 8,972
 12,604
Hotel33,863
 —
 —
 —
 33,863
Total353,148
 377,992
 130,016
 151,858
 1,013,014
% of Grand Totals34.86% 37.32% 12.83% 14.99% 100.00%
Net operating income$541,005
 $581,058
 $267,164
 $260,087
 $1,649,314
% of Grand Totals32.80% 35.23% 16.20% 15.77% 100.00%
Table of Contents
For the year ended December 31, 2017:2019:
BostonLos AngelesNew YorkSan FranciscoWashington, DCTotal
Rental Revenue: (1)
Office$895,098 $0 $1,011,912 $533,189 $384,435 $2,824,634 
Residential13,786 0 0 0 23,128 36,914 
Hotel48,589 0 0 0 0 48,589 
Total957,473 0 1,011,912 533,189 407,563 2,910,137 
% of Grand Totals32.90 %0 %34.78 %18.32 %14.00 %100.00 %
Rental Expenses:
Office322,282 0 389,532 177,994 144,217 1,034,025 
Residential5,071 0 0 0 10,914 15,985 
Hotel34,004 0 0 0 0 34,004 
Total361,357 0 389,532 177,994 155,131 1,084,014 
% of Grand Totals33.34 %0 %35.93 %16.42 %14.31 %100.00 %
Net operating income$596,116 $0 $622,380 $355,195 $252,432 $1,826,123 
% of Grand Totals32.64 %0 %34.09 %19.45 %13.82 %100.00 %
Less: Net operating income attributable to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships(40,109)0 (143,432)(448)0 (183,989)
Add: Company’s share of net operating income from unconsolidated joint ventures5,494 61,338 4,174 0 26,710 97,716 
Company’s share of net operating income$561,501 $61,338 $483,122 $354,747 $279,142 $1,739,850 
% of Grand Totals32.27 %3.53 %27.77 %20.39 %16.04 %100.00 %
  _______________
(1)Rental Revenue is equal to Total Revenue per the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations, less Development and Management Services Revenue and Direct Reimbursements of Payroll and Related Costs from Management Services Contracts Revenue per the Consolidated Statements of Operations.


174
 Boston New York San Francisco Washington, DC Total
Rental Revenue:         
Office$776,279
 $969,371
 $345,519
 $414,103
 $2,505,272
Residential4,745
 —
 —
 11,851
 16,596
Hotel45,603
 —
 —
 —
 45,603
Total826,627
 969,371
 345,519
 425,954
 2,567,471
% of Grand Totals32.20% 37.75% 13.46% 16.59% 100.00%
Rental Expenses:         
Office301,097
 372,810
 105,253
 144,515
 923,675
Residential2,044
 —
 —
 4,258
 6,302
Hotel32,059
 —
 —
 —
 32,059
Total335,200
 372,810
 105,253
 148,773
 962,036
% of Grand Totals34.84% 38.76% 10.94% 15.46% 100.00%
Net operating income$491,427
 $596,561
 $240,266
 $277,181
 $1,605,435
% of Grand Totals30.61% 37.15% 14.97% 17.27% 100.00%
Table of Contents

For the year ended December 31, 2016:2018:
BostonLos AngelesNew YorkSan FranciscoWashington, DCTotal
Rental Revenue: (1)
Office$838,341 $0 $959,050 $397,180 $396,088 $2,590,659 
Residential6,694 0 0 0 15,857 22,551 
Hotel49,118 0 0 0 0 49,118 
Total894,153 0 959,050 397,180 411,945 2,662,328 
% of Grand Totals33.59 %0 %36.02 %14.92 %15.47 %100.00 %
Rental Expenses:
Office315,653 0 377,992 130,016 142,886 966,547 
Residential3,632 0 0 0 8,972 12,604 
Hotel33,863 0 0 0 0 33,863 
Total353,148 0 377,992 130,016 151,858 1,013,014 
% of Grand Totals34.86 %0 %37.32 %12.83 %14.99 %100.00 %
Net operating income$541,005 $0 $581,058 $267,164 $260,087 $1,649,314 
% of Grand Totals32.80 %0 %35.23 %16.20 %15.77 %100.00 %
Less: Net operating income attributable to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships(33,862)0 (143,562)59 0 (177,365)
Add: Company’s share of net operating income from unconsolidated joint ventures2,866 42,750 6,590 0 27,687 79,893 
Company’s share of net operating income$510,009 $42,750 $444,086 $267,223 $287,774 $1,551,842 
% of Grand Totals32.86 %2.75 %28.63 %17.22 %18.54 %100.00 %
  _______________
(1)Rental Revenue is equal to Total Revenue per the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations, less Development and Management Services Revenue and Direct Reimbursements of Payroll and Related Costs from Management Services Contracts Revenue per the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
 Boston New York San Francisco Washington, DC Total
Rental Revenue:         
Office$727,265
 $1,012,518
 $318,609
 $402,561
 $2,460,953
Residential4,812
 —
 —
 11,887
 16,699
Hotel44,884
 —
 —
 —
 44,884
Total776,961
 1,012,518
 318,609
 414,448
 2,522,536
% of Grand Totals30.80% 40.14% 12.63% 16.43% 100.00%
Rental Expenses:         
Office282,827
 363,188
 100,787
 135,890
 882,692
Residential2,708
 —
 —
 4,368
 7,076
Hotel31,466
 —
 —
 —
 31,466
Total317,001
 363,188
 100,787
 140,258
 921,234
% of Grand Totals34.41% 39.42% 10.94% 15.23% 100.00%
Net operating income$459,960
 $649,330
 $217,822
 $274,190
 $1,601,302
% of Grand Totals28.73% 40.55% 13.60% 17.12% 100.00%

14. Earnings Per Share / Common Unit
Boston Properties, Inc.
The following table provides a reconciliation of both the net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders and the number of common shares used in the computation of basic earnings per share (“EPS”), which is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are also participating securities. As such, unvested restricted common stock of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership'sPartnership’s LTIP Units, 2012 OPP Units and MYLTIP Units are considered participating securities. Participating securities are included in the computation of basic EPS of Boston Properties, Inc. using the two-class method. Participating securities are included in the computation of diluted EPS of Boston Properties, Inc. using the if-converted method if the impact is dilutive. Because the 2012 OPP Units and 2013 MYLTIP Units, 2014 MYLTIP Units and 2015- 2017 MYLTIP Units required, and the 2016-20182018 - 2020 MYLTIP Units require, Boston Properties, Inc. to outperform absolute andand/or relative return thresholds, unless such thresholds have been met by the end of the applicable reporting period, Boston Properties, Inc. excludes such units from the diluted EPS calculation. Other potentially dilutive common shares, including stock options, restricted stock and other securities of Boston Properties Limited Partnership that are exchangeable for the Boston Properties, Inc.’s Common Stock, and the related impact on earnings, are considered when calculating diluted EPS.


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For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 Year ended December 31, 2020
Income
(Numerator)
 
Shares
(Denominator)
 
Per Share
Amount
 Income
(Numerator)		Shares
(Denominator)		Per Share
Amount
(in thousands, except for per share amounts) (in thousands, except for per share amounts)
Basic Earnings:     Basic Earnings:
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders$572,347
 154,427
 $3.71
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders$862,227 155,432 $5.55 
Allocation of undistributed earnings to participating securities(101) —
 —
Allocation of undistributed earnings to participating securities(748)0 (0.01)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders$572,246
 154,427
 $3.71
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders$861,479 155,432 $5.54 
Effect of Dilutive Securities:     Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock Based Compensation—
 255
 (0.01)Stock Based Compensation0 85 0 
Diluted Earnings:     Diluted Earnings:
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders$572,246
 154,682
 $3.70
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders$861,479 155,517 $5.54 
     
For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 Year ended December 31, 2019
Income
(Numerator)
 
Shares
(Denominator)
 
Per Share
Amount
 Income
(Numerator)		Shares
(Denominator)		Per Share
Amount
(in thousands, except for per share amounts) (in thousands, except for per share amounts)
Basic Earnings:     Basic Earnings:
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders$451,939
 154,190
 $2.93
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders$511,034 154,582 $3.31 
Effect of Dilutive Securities:     Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock Based Compensation—
 200
 —
Stock Based Compensation0 301 (0.01)
Diluted Earnings:     Diluted Earnings:
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders$451,939
 154,390
 $2.93
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders$511,034 154,883 $3.30 
     
For the Year Ended December 31, 2016 Year ended December 31, 2018
Income
(Numerator)
 
Shares
(Denominator)
 
Per Share
Amount
 Income
(Numerator)		Shares
(Denominator)		Per Share
Amount
(in thousands, except for per share amounts) (in thousands, except for per share amounts)
Basic Earnings:     Basic Earnings:
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders$502,285
 153,715
 $3.27
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders$572,347 154,427 $3.71 
Allocation of undistributed earnings to participating securities(283) —
 —
Allocation of undistributed earnings to participating securities(101)0 0 
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders$502,002
 153,715
 $3.27
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders$572,246 154,427 $3.71 
Effect of Dilutive Securities:     Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock Based Compensation—
 262
 (0.01)Stock Based Compensation0 255 (0.01)
Diluted Earnings:     Diluted Earnings:
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders$502,002
 153,977
 $3.26
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders$572,246 154,682 $3.70 
     

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Boston Properties Limited Partnership
The following table provides a reconciliation of both the net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders and the number of common units used in the computation of basic earnings per common unit, which is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders by the weighted-average number of common units outstanding during the period. Unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are also participating securities. As such, unvested restricted common stock of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s LTIP Units, 2012 OPP Units and MYLTIP Units are considered participating securities. Participating securities are included in the computation of basic earnings per common unit using the two-class method. Participating securities are included in the computation of diluted earnings per common unit using the if-converted method if the impact is dilutive. Because the 2012 OPP Units and 2013 MYLTIP Units, 2014 MYLTIP Units and 2015- 2017 MYLTIP Units required, and the 2016-20182018 - 2020 MYLTIP Units require, Boston Properties, Inc. to outperform absolute andand/or relative return thresholds, unless such thresholds have been met by the end of the applicable reporting period, Boston Properties Limited Partnership excludes such units from the diluted earnings per common unit calculation. Other potentially dilutive common units and the related impact on earnings are considered when calculating diluted earnings per common unit. Included in the number of units (the denominator) below are approximately 17,485,000, 17,471,00017,211,000 and 17,646,00017,618,000 and 17,485,000 redeemable common units for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
 For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
 
Income
(Numerator)
 
Units
(Denominator)
 
Per Unit
Amount
 (in thousands, except for per unit amounts)
Basic Earnings:     
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders$656,903
 171,912
 $3.82
Allocation of undistributed earnings to participating securities(113) —
 —
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders$656,790
 171,912
 $3.82
Effect of Dilutive Securities:     
Stock Based Compensation—
 255
 (0.01)
Diluted Earnings:     
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders$656,790
 172,167
 $3.81
Year ended December 31, 2020
Income
(Numerator)		Units
(Denominator)		Per Unit
Amount
(in thousands, except for per unit amounts)
Basic Earnings:
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders$979,979 172,643 $5.68 
Allocation of undistributed earnings to participating securities(830)0 (0.01)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders$979,149 172,643 $5.67 
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock Based Compensation0 85 0 
Diluted Earnings:
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders$979,149 172,728 $5.67 
 Year ended December 31, 2019
 Income
(Numerator)		Units
(Denominator)		Per Unit
Amount
 (in thousands, except for per unit amounts)
Basic Earnings:
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders$580,102 172,200 $3.37 
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock Based Compensation0 301 (0.01)
Diluted Earnings:
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders$580,102 172,501 $3.36 
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Table of Contents
 Year ended December 31, 2018
 Income
(Numerator)		Units
(Denominator)		Per Unit
Amount
 (in thousands, except for per unit amounts)
Basic Earnings:
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders$656,903 171,912 $3.82 
Allocation of undistributed earnings to participating securities(113)0 0 
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders$656,790 171,912 $3.82 
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock Based Compensation0 255 (0.01)
Diluted Earnings:
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders$656,790 172,167 $3.81 
 For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
 
Income
(Numerator)
 
Units
(Denominator)
 
Per Unit
Amount
 (in thousands, except for per unit amounts)
Basic Earnings:     
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders$512,866
 171,661
 $2.99
Effect of Dilutive Securities:     
Stock Based Compensation—
 200
 (0.01)
Diluted Earnings:     
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders$512,866
 171,861
 $2.98
      

 For the Year Ended December 31, 2016
 
Income
(Numerator)
 
Units
(Denominator)
 
Per Unit
Amount
 (in thousands, except for per unit amounts)
Basic Earnings:     
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders$575,341
 171,361
 $3.36
Allocation of undistributed earnings to participating securities(316) —
 —
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders$575,025
 171,361
 $3.36
Effect of Dilutive Securities:     
Stock Based Compensation—
 262
 (0.01)
Diluted Earnings:     
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders$575,025
 171,623
 $3.35
      
15. Employee Benefit Plans
Effective January 1, 1985, the predecessor of the Company adopted a 401(k) Savings Plan (the “Plan”) for its employees. Under the Plan, as amended, employees, as defined, are eligible to participate in the Plan after they have completed three months of service. Upon formation, the Company adopted the Plan and the terms of the Plan.
Under the Plan, as amended, the Company’s matching contribution equals 200% of the first 3% of participant’s eligible earnings contributed (utilizing earnings that are not in excess of an amount established by the IRS ($275,000, $270,000285,000, $280,000 and $265,000$275,000in 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, respectively), indexed for inflation) with no vesting requirement. The Company’s aggregate matching contribution for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 20162018 was approximately $4.0 million, $4.2 million and $4.1 million, $4.1 million and $4.0 million, respectively.
The Plan also provides for supplemental retirement contributions to certain employees who had at least ten years of service on January 1, 2001, and who were 40 years of age or older as of January 1, 2001. The maximum supplemental retirement contribution will not exceed the annual limit on contributions established by the IRS. The Company will record an annual supplemental retirement credit for the benefit of each participant. The Company’s supplemental retirement contribution and credit for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $18,000, $18,000 and $21,000, respectively.
The Company also maintains a deferred compensation plan that is designed to allow officers of Boston Properties, Inc. to defer a portion of theirthe officer’s current income on a pre-tax basis and receive a tax-deferred return on these deferrals.deferrals based on the performance of specific investments selected by the officer. The Company’s obligation under the plan is that of an unsecured promise to pay the deferred compensation to the plan participants in the future. At December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the Company had maintained approximately $28.2$38.6 million and $29.2$36.0 million, respectively, in a separate account, which is not restricted as to its use. The Company’s liability under the plan is equal to the total amount of compensation deferred by the plan participants and earnings on the deferred compensation pursuant to investments elected by the plan participants. The Company’s liability as of December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 was approximately $28.2$38.6 million and $29.2$36.0 million, respectively, which are included in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
16. Stock Option and Incentive Plan
At Boston Properties, Inc.’s 2012 annual meeting of stockholders held on May 15, 2012, its stockholders approved the Boston Properties, Inc. 2012 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2012 Plan”). The 2012 Plan replaced the 1997 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “1997 Plan”). The material terms of the 2012 Plan include, among other things: (1) the maximum number of shares of common stock reserved and available for issuance under the 2012 Plan is the sum of (i) 13,000,000 newly authorized shares, plus (ii) the number of shares available for grant under the 1997 Stock Plan immediately prior to the effective date of the 2012 Plan, plus (iii) any shares underlying grants under the 1997 Plan that are forfeited, canceled or terminated (other than by exercise) in the

future; (2) “full-value” awards (i.e., awards other than stock options) are multiplied by a 2.32 conversion ratio to calculate the number of shares available under the 2012 Plan that are used for each full-value award, as opposed to a 1.0 conversion ratio for each stock option awarded under the 2012 Plan; (3) shares tendered or held back for taxes will not be added back to the reserved pool under the 2012 Plan; (4) stock options may not be re-priced without stockholder approval; and (5) the term of the 2012 Plan is for ten10 years from the date of stockholder approval.
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On February 6, 2018,4, 2020, Boston Properties, Inc.’s Compensation Committee approvedgranted the 20182020 MYLTIP awards under the Boston Properties, Inc.’s 2012 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2012 Plan”) to certain officers and employees of Boston Properties, Inc. The 20182020 MYLTIP awards utilize Boston Properties, Inc.’s TSR over a three-year measurement period, on an annualized, compounded basis, as the performance metric. Earned awards will be basedrange from 0 to a maximum of 203,278 LTIP Units depending on Boston Properties, Inc.’s TSR relative to (i) the Cohen & Steers Realty Majors Portfolio Index (50% weight) and (ii) theFTSE Russell Nareit Office Index, adjusted to include Vornado Realty Trust, (50% weight). For 2018 MYLTIP awards, levelswith a target of payout opportunity will range from zero for relative TSR performance that is 1,000 basis points or more below the index to a maximum of 200% of target if the Company's TSR is equal to or greater than 1,000 basis points above the index, on a straight-line basis, depending on the valueapproximately 101,638 LTIP Units and linear interpolation between zero and maximum. Earned awards measured on the basis of relative TSR performance are subject to an absolute TSR component in the form of modifiers that (A) reduce the level of earned awards in the event Boston Properties, Inc.’s annualized TSR is 0% or less and (B) cause some awards to be earned in the event Boston Properties, Inc.’s annualized TSR is 12% or more even though on a relative basis alone Boston Properties, Inc.’s TSR would not result in any earned awards.
Earned awards (if any) will vest 50% on February 5, 20213, 2023 and 50% on February 5, 2022,3, 2024, based on continued employment. Vesting will be accelerated in the event of a change in control, termination of employment by Boston Properties, Inc. without cause, or termination of employment by the award recipient for good reason, death, disability or retirement. If there is a change of control prior to February 5, 2021,3, 2023, earned awards will be calculated based on TSR performance up to the date of the change of control. The 20182020 MYLTIP awards are in the form of LTIP Units issued on the grant date which (i) are subject to forfeiture to the extent awards are not earned and (ii) prior to the performance measurement date are only entitled to one-tenth (10%) of the regular quarterly distributions payable on common partnership units.
Under ASC 718, the 20182020 MYLTIP awards have an aggregate value of approximately $13.3$13.7 million, which amount will generally be amortized into earnings over the four-year plan period under the graded vesting method.
On February 6, 2020, the measurement period for the Company’s 2017 MYLTIP awards ended and, based on Boston Properties, Inc.’s relative TSR performance, the final awards were determined to be 83.8% of target, or an aggregate of approximately $17.6 million(after giving effect to employee separations). As a result, an aggregate of 270,942 2017 MYLTIP Units that had been previously granted were automatically forfeited.
On February 9, 2019, the measurement period for the Company’s 2016 MYLTIP awards ended and, based on Boston Properties, Inc.’s relative TSR performance, the final awards were determined to be 69.5% of target, or an aggregate of approximately $13.6 million (after giving effect to employee separations). As a result, an aggregate of 364,980 2016 MYLTIP Units that had been previously granted were automatically forfeited.
On February 4, 2018, the measurement period for the Company’s 2015 MYLTIP awards ended and, based on Boston Properties, Inc.’s relative TSR performance, the final awards were determined to be 22.0% of target, or an aggregate of approximately $3.6 million(after (after giving effect to voluntary employee separations). As a result, an aggregate of 337,847 2015 MYLTIP Units that had been previously granted were automatically forfeited.
On February 3, 2017, the measurement period for the Company’s 2014 MYLTIP awards ended and, based on Boston Properties, Inc.’s relative TSR performance, the final awards were determined to be 27.7% of target or an aggregate of approximately $3.5 million(after giving effect to voluntary employee separations and the unallocated reserve). As a result, an aggregate of 447,386 2014 MYLTIP Units that had been previously granted were automatically forfeited.
On February 4, 2016, the measurement period for the Company’s 2013 MYLTIP awards ended and, based on Boston Properties, Inc.’s relative TSR performance, the final awards were determined to be 109.5% of target or an aggregate of approximately $13.5 million. As a result, 205,762 2013 MYLTIP Units were automatically forfeited.
Boston Properties, Inc. issued 20,320, 37,41429,630, 26,503 and 22,06720,320 shares of restricted common stock and Boston Properties Limited Partnership issued 205,838, 113,918207,181, 181,919 and 147,872205,838 LTIP Units to employees and non-employee directors under the 2012 Plan during the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, respectively. Boston Properties, Inc. did not issue any non-qualified stock options under the 2012 Plan during the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016.2018. Boston Properties Limited Partnership issued 342,659 2018203,278 2020 MYLTIP Units, 400,000 2017220,734 2019 MYLTIP Units and 475,004 2016342,659 2018 MYLTIP Units to employees under the 2012 Plan during the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, respectively. Employees and non-employee directors paid $0.01 per share of restricted common stock and $0.25 per LTIP Unit, OPP Unit and MYLTIP Unit. When issued, LTIP Units are not economically equivalent in value to a share of Common Stock, but over time can increase in value to one-for-one parity with Common Stock if there is sufficient appreciation in the value of the Company’s assets. The aggregate value of the LTIP Units is included in noncontrolling interests in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

GrantsSheets of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership. A majority of the grants of restricted common stock and LTIP Units to employees vest in four4 equal annual installments. Restricted common stock is measured at fair value on the date of grant based on the number of shares granted and the closing price of Boston Properties, Inc.’s Common Stock on the date of grant as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange. Such value is recognized as an expense ratably over the corresponding employee service period. Non-qualified stock options, which are valued using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, are recognized as an expense ratably over the corresponding employee service period. AsBecause the 2012 OPP Awards,Units and 2013 - 2020 MYLTIP Awards, 2014 MYLTIP Awards, 2015 MYLTIP Awards, 2016 MYLTIP Awards, 2017 MYLTIP Awards and 2018 MYLTIP AwardsUnits are subject to both a service condition and a market condition, the Company recognizes the related compensation expense related to the 2012 OPP Awards, 2013 MYLTIP Awards, 2014 MYLTIP Awards, 2015 MYLTIP Awards 2016 MYLTIP Awards, 2017 MYLTIP Awards and 2018 MYLTIP Awards under the graded vesting attribution method. Under the graded vesting attribution method, each portion of the award that vests at a different date is accounted for as a separate award and recognized over the period appropriate to that portion so that the compensation cost for each portion should be recognized in full by the time that portion vests. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur on its awards of stock-based compensation (See Note 2).compensation. Dividends paid on both vested and unvested shares of restricted stock are charged directly to Dividends in Excess of Earnings in Boston Properties, Inc.’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and Partners’ Capital in Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Aggregate stock-based compensation expense associated with restricted stock, non-qualified stock options, LTIP Units 2012 OPP Units, 2013 MYLTIP Units, 2014 MYLTIP Units,and 2015 MYLTIP Units, 2016 MYLTIP Units, 2017 MYLTIP Units and 2018- 2020 MYLTIP Units was approximately $38.0$43.0 million, $33.2$39.8 million and $30.6$38.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, respectively. At December 31, 2018,2020, there was (1) an aggregate of approximately $22.7$25.4 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested
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restricted stock and LTIP Units and (2) an aggregate of approximately $15.2$10.3 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested 2016 MYLTIP Units, 2017 MYLTIP Units and 2018 - 2020 MYLTIP Units that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.42.1 years.
The shares of restricted stock were valued at approximately $2.4$4.0 million ($119.27133.81 per share weighted-average), $4.9$3.5 million ($130.32131.27 per share weighted-average) and $2.5$2.4 million ($113.51119.27 per share weighted-average) for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
LTIP Units were valued using a Monte Carlo simulation method model in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718. LTIP Units issued during the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 20162018 were valued at approximately $22.7$26.3 million, $13.6$22.1 million and $15.4$22.7 million, respectively. The weighted-average per unit fair value of LTIP Unit grants in 2020, 2019 and 2018 2017was $127.14, $121.50 and 2016 was $110.29, $119.41 and $103.83, respectively. The per unit fair value of each LTIP Unit granted in 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 20162018 was estimated on the date of grant using the following assumptions; an expected life of 5.7 years, 5.7 years and 5.7 years, a risk-free interest rate of 2.63%1.47%, 2.14%2.68% and 1.61%2.63% and an expected price volatility of 18.0%, 27.0% and 27.0%, 28.0% and 33.0%, respectively.
There were no0 non-qualified stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016.2018.
A summary of the status of Boston Properties, Inc.’s stock options as of December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 20162018 and changes during the years then ended are presented below:
SharesWeighted-Average
Exercise Price
 Shares 
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
Outstanding at December 31, 2015 547,129
 $96.38
Exercised —
 $—
Outstanding at December 31, 2016 547,129
 $96.38
Exercised (6,688) $99.15
Outstanding at December 31, 2017 540,441
 $96.35
Outstanding at December 31, 2017540,441 $96.35 
Exercised —
 $—
Exercised0 $0 
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 540,441
 $96.35
Outstanding at December 31, 2018540,441 $96.35 
ExercisedExercised(145,088)$96.27 
Outstanding at December 31, 2019Outstanding at December 31, 2019395,353 $96.37 
ExercisedExercised(43,792)$91.60 
Outstanding at December 31, 2020Outstanding at December 31, 2020351,561 $96.97 


The following table summarizes information about Boston Properties, Inc.’s stock options outstanding at December 31, 2018:2020: 
Options Outstanding Options Exercisable
Number Outstanding at 12/31/18 
Weighted-Average Remaining
Contractual Life
 

Exercise Price
 Number Exercisable at 12/31/18 Exercise Price
118,502
 2.1 years $86.86
 118,502
 $86.86
54,282
 4.3 years $95.69
 54,282
 $95.69
202,030
 4.1 years $98.46
 202,030
 $98.46
165,627
 3.1 years $100.77
 165,627
 $100.77
Options OutstandingOptions Exercisable
Number Outstanding at 12/31/20Weighted-Average Remaining
Contractual Life
Exercise Price		Number Exercisable at 12/31/20Exercise Price
54,003 0.1 years$86.86 54,003 $86.86 
54,282 2.3 years$95.69 54,282 $95.69 
133,834 2.1 years$98.46 133,834 $98.46 
109,442 1.1 years$100.77 109,442 $100.77 
The total intrinsic value of the outstanding and exercisable stock options as of December 31, 20182020 was approximately $8.8$0.4 million. In addition, Boston Properties, Inc. had 540,441395,353 and 514,360540,441 options exercisable at a weighted-average exercise price of $96.35$96.37 and $96.32$96.35 at December 31, 20172019 and 2016,2018, respectively.
Boston Properties, Inc. adopted the 1999 Non-Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Stock Purchase Plan”) to encourage the ownership of Common Stock by eligible employees. The Stock Purchase Plan became effective on January 1, 1999 with an aggregate maximum of 250,000 shares of Common Stock available for issuance. The Stock Purchase Plan provides for eligible employees to purchase on the business day immediately following the end of the biannual purchase periods (i.e., January 1-June 30 and July 1-December 31) shares of Common Stock at a purchase price equal to 85% of the average closing prices of the Common Stock during the last ten business days of the purchase period. Boston Properties, Inc. issued 6,268, 6,3177,195, 5,862 and 5,6956,268 shares with the weighted-average purchase price equal to $107.20$90.53 per share, $105.97$104.11 per share and $109.27$107.20 per share under the Stock Purchase Plan during the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, respectively.
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17. Related Party Transactions
A firmfirm controlled by Mr. Raymond A. Ritchey’s brother was paid aggregate leasing commissions of approximately $914,000, $21,000 and $921,000 $368,000 and $374,000 forduring the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, respectively, related to certain exclusive leasing arrangements for certain Northern Virginia properties. In addition, Mr. Ritchey’s brother is employed by a real estate brokerage firm and participated in brokerage activities for which the Company paid the firm approximately $3.4 million and $2.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Mr. Ritchey’s brother did not participate in brokerage activities related to such arrangement during the year ended December 31, 2018. Mr. Ritchey is a Senior Executive Vice President of Boston Properties, Inc.
In accordance with Boston Properties, Inc.’s 2012 Plan, and as approved by its Board of Directors, four7 non-employee directors made elections to receive deferred stock units in lieu of cash fees for 2018. The deferred stock units will be settled in shares of common stock upon the cessation of such director’s service on the Board of Directors of Boston Properties, Inc.2020. As a result of these elections, the aggregate cash fees otherwise payable to a non-employee director during a fiscal quarter are converted into a number of deferred stock units equal to the aggregate cash fees divided by the last reported sales price of a share of Boston Properties, Inc.’s common stockCommon Stock on the last trading of the applicable fiscal quarter. The deferred stock units are also credited with dividend equivalents as dividends are paid by Boston Properties, Inc. The deferred stock units may be settled in shares of Common Stock upon the cessation of such director’s service on the Board of Directors of Boston Properties, Inc. The non-employee director compensation program provides, subject to certain conditions, the non-employee directors holding deferred stock units with the ability to elect, following cessation of their service on the Company’s Board of Directors, to diversify their investment elections into non-employer securities on a pre-tax basis and receive tax-deferred returns on such deferrals, which will ultimately be settled in cash. The Company’s obligation under the plan is that of an unsecured promise to pay the deferred compensation to the non-employee director in the future. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had maintained approximately $0.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively, in a separate account, which is not restricted as to its use. The Company’s liability under the plan is equal to the total amount of compensation deferred by the non-employee director and earnings on the deferred compensation pursuant to investments elected by the non-employee director. The Company’s liability as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 was approximately $0.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively, which is included in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The terms of the non-employee director compensation program require the classification of these deferred stock units as temporary equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership within Redeemable Deferred Stock Units. On May 23, 2018,21, 2019, in connection with the cessation of a director’s service on the Board of Directors of Boston Properties, Inc., Boston Properties, Inc. issued 36,83617,949 shares of common stockCommon Stock in settlement of a portion of the director’s outstanding deferred stock units. In addition, on September 3, 2019, the Company converted 4,917 of such director’s deferred stock units as a result of such director’s election to diversify their investment elections into non-employer securities. At December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, Boston Properties, Inc. had outstanding 74,96672,966 and 105,47960,676 deferred stock units, respectively.

18. Selected Interim Financial Information (unaudited)
Boston Properties, Inc.
The tables below reflect Boston Properties, Inc.’s selected quarterly information for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.
  2018 Quarter Ended
  March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31,
  (in thousands, except for per share amounts)
Total revenue $661,151
 $664,484
 $686,284
 $705,157
Net income $216,312
 $160,565
 $150,445
 $185,241
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders $176,021
 $128,681
 $119,118
 $148,529
Income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. per share—basic $1.14
 $0.83
 $0.77
 $0.96
Income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. per share—diluted $1.14
 $0.83
 $0.77
 $0.96
  2017 Quarter Ended
  March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31,
  (in thousands, except for per share amounts)
Total revenue $632,228
 $656,907
 $657,712
 $655,229
Net income $115,564
 $167,010
 $147,704
 $132,203
Net income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. common shareholders $97,083
 $133,709
 $117,337
 $103,829
Income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. per share—basic $0.63
 $0.87
 $0.76
 $0.67
Income attributable to Boston Properties, Inc. per share—diluted $0.63
 $0.87
 $0.76
 $0.67

Boston Properties Limited Partnership
The tables below reflect Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s selected quarterly information for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.
  2018 Quarter Ended
  March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31,
  (in thousands, except for per unit amounts)
Total revenue $661,151
 $664,484
 $686,284
 $705,157
Net income $220,766
 $162,986
 $153,676
 $192,884
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders $200,907
 $145,961
 $136,201
 $173,834
Income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership per unit—basic $1.17
 $0.85
 $0.79
 $1.01
Income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership per unit—diluted $1.17
 $0.85
 $0.79
 $1.01

  2017 Quarter Ended
  March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31,
  (in thousands, except for per unit amounts)
Total revenue $632,228
 $656,907
 $657,712
 $655,229
Net income $117,711
 $169,672
 $149,658
 $134,157
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership common unitholders $110,662
 $151,844
 $132,693
 $117,667
Income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership per unit—basic $0.64
 $0.88
 $0.77
 $0.69
Income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership per unit—diluted $0.64
 $0.88
 $0.77
 $0.68
19. Subsequent Events
On January 10, 2019, the Company acquired land parcels at its Carnegie Center property located in Princeton, New Jersey for a purchase price of approximately $42.9 million. The Company also agreed to pay the seller additional amounts aggregating approximately $8.6 million, which are payable in the future and contingent on the development or sale of each of the parcels. The land parcels will support approximately 1.7 million square feet of development.
On January 18, 2019, the Company and its partner in the consolidated entity that owns Salesforce Tower located in San Francisco, California amended the venture agreement. Per the amendment, the partner exercised its right to cause the Company to purchase on April 1, 2019 its 5% ownership interest and promoted profits interest in the venture for cash totaling approximately $210.9 million, which amount shall be reduced by approximately $24.1 million consisting of the repayment of the Company's preferred equity and preferred return as provided for in the venture agreement. As part of the original agreement, the partner was required to contribute 5% of the equity and was entitled to receive an additional promoted payment based on the success of the property (See Note 10).
On January 24, 2019, the Company completed the sale of its 2600 Tower Oaks Boulevard property located in Rockville, Maryland for a gross sales price of approximately $22.7 million. 2600 Tower Oaks Boulevard is an approximately 179,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property (See Note 3).
On January 24, 2019, a joint venture in which the Company has a 50% interest extended the loan collateralized by its Annapolis Junction Building Six property. At the time of the extension, the outstanding balance of the loan totaled approximately $13.0 million and was scheduled to mature on November 17, 2019, with one, one-year extension option, subject to certain conditions. The extended loan has a total commitment amount of approximately $14.3 million, bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 2.00% per annum and matures on November 17, 2020. Annapolis Junction Building Six is a Class A office property with approximately 119,000 net rentable square feet located in Annapolis, Maryland (See Note 5).
On January 24, 2019, the ground lessor under the Company's 65-year ground lease for land totaling approximately 5.6 acres at Platform 16 located in San Jose, California made available for lease to the Company the remaining land parcels. As a result, the Company recognized the remaining portion of the capital lease asset and liability (See Note 3).
On February 1, 201929, 2021 and February 5, 2019,2, 2021, Boston Properties, Inc. issued an aggregate of 23,08333,449 shares of restricted common stockCommon Stock and Boston Properties Limited Partnership issued an aggregate of 172,166263,527 LTIP unitsUnits under the 2012 Plan to certain employees of Boston Properties, Inc.
On February 5, 2019,2, 2021, Boston Properties, Inc.’s Compensation Committee approved the 20192021 Multi-Year Long-Term Incentive Program (the “2019“2021 MYLTIP”) awards under Boston Properties, Inc.’s 2012 Plan to certain officers and employees of Boston Properties, Inc. Earned awards will range from zero0 to a maximum of 220,734352,021 LTIP Units depending on Boston Properties, Inc.’s relative and absolute TSR relative to the FTSE Nareit Office Index, adjusted to include Vornado Realty Trust,performance with a target of approximately 110,367176,009 LTIP Units and linear interpolation between zero and maximum.Units. Under ASC 718, the 20192021 MYLTIP awards have an aggregate value of approximately $13.5 million, which amount will generally be amortized into earnings over the four-year plan period under the graded vesting method.$15.3 million.

On February 9, 2019,5, 2021, the measurement period for the Company’s 20162018 MYLTIP awards ended and, based on Boston Properties, Inc.’s relative TSR performance, the final awards were determined to be 69.5%29.2% of target, or an aggregate of approximately $13.6$4.6 million(after (after giving effect to voluntary employee separations). As a result, an aggregate of 364,980 2016285,925 2018 MYLTIP Units that had been previously granted were automatically forfeited.
On February 14, 2019,2021, Boston Properties Limited Partnership used available cash to complete the Company announced that it had entered into a 15-year lease with Google, LLC forredemption of $850.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.125% senior notes due May 15, 2021. The redemption price was approximately 362,000 net rentable square feet$858.7 million, which was equal to par plus approximately $8.7 million of Class A office space in a build-to-suit development projectaccrued and unpaid interest to, be located atbut not including, the Company’s 325 Main Street property at Kendall Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts. 325 Main Street currently consistsredemption date.
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Table of an approximately 115,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property that will be demolished and developed into an approximately 400,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property, including approximately 38,000 net rentable square feet of retail space. There can be no assurance that the project will commence.Contents
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial DisclosuresDisclosures.
None.
Item 9A. Controls and ProceduresProcedures.
Boston Properties, Inc.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out by our management, with the participation of Boston Properties, Inc.’s Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer), of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon that evaluation, Boston Properties, Inc.’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. In addition, no change in Boston Properties, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) occurred during the fourth quarter of Boston Properties, Inc.’s fiscal year ended December 31, 20182020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, Boston Properties, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting is set forth on page 114112 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out by the management of Boston Properties, Inc., the sole general partner of Boston Properties Limited Partnership, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer), of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Boston Properties, Inc. concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. In addition, no change in its internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) occurred during the fourth quarter of its fiscal year

ended December 31, 20182020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting is set forth on page 123125 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 9B. Other InformationInformation.
None.

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PART III


Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate GovernanceGovernance.
The information required by Item 10 will be included in the Proxy Statement to be filed relating to Boston Properties, Inc.’s 20192021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 11. Executive CompensationCompensation.
The information required by Item 11 will be included in the Proxy Statement to be filed relating to Boston Properties, Inc.’s 20192021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder MattersMatters.
The following table summarizes Boston Properties, Inc.’s equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2018.2020.
Equity Compensation Plan Information

Plan category Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) Plan categoryNumber of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rightsWeighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rightsNumber of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
 (a) (b) (c) (a)(b)(c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1) 4,111,534  (2)$96.35  (2)8,578,885 (3)
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders (4) N/A  N/A  91,209  
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders(1)Equity compensation plans approved by security holders(1)3,886,774(2)$96.97 (2)8,069,531 (3)
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders(4)Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders(4)N/AN/A78,152 
Total 4,111,534  $96.35  8,670,094  Total3,886,774$96.97 8,147,683
______________
(1)Includes information related to BXP’s 1997 Plan and 2012 Plan.
(2)Includes (a) 540,441 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options (all of which are vested and exercisable), (b) 991,577 long term incentive units (LTIP units) (682,077 of which are vested) that, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions, are convertible into common units, which may be presented to BPLP for redemption and acquired by BXP for shares of its common stock, (c) 1,292,734 common units issued upon conversion of LTIP units, which may be presented to BPLP for redemption and acquired by BXP for shares of its common stock, (d) 471,579 2016 MYLTIP Awards that, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions, are convertible into common units, which may be presented to BPLP for redemption and acquired by BXP for shares of its common stock, (e) 398,871 2017 MYLTIP Awards that, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions, are convertible into common units, which may be presented to BPLP for redemption and acquired by BXP for shares of its common stock, (f) 341,366 2018 MYLTIP Awards that, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions, are convertible into common units, which may be presented to BPLP for redemption and acquired by BXP for shares of its common stock and (g) 74,966 deferred stock units which were granted pursuant to elections by certain of BXP’s non-employee directors to defer all cash compensation to be paid to such directors and to receive their deferred cash compensation in shares of BXP’s common stock upon their retirement from its Board of Directors. Does not include 50,142 shares of restricted stock, as they have been reflected in BXP’s total shares outstanding. Because there is no exercise price associated with LTIP units, common units, 2016 MYLTIP Awards, 2017 MYLTIP Awards, 2018 MYLTIP Awards or deferred stock units, such shares are not included in the weighed-average exercise price calculation.
(3)Represents awards available for issuance under BXP’s 2012 Plan. “Full-value” awards (i.e., awards other than stock options) are multiplied by a 2.32 conversion ratio to calculate the number of shares available under the 2012 Plan that are used for each full-value award, as opposed to a 1.0 conversion ratio for each stock option awarded under the 2012 Plan.
(4)Includes information related to the 1999 Non-Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP). The ESPP was adopted by the Board of Directors of BXP on October 29, 1998. The ESPP has not been approved by BXP’s stockholders. The ESPP is available to all our employees that are employed on the first day of the purchase period. Under the ESPP, each eligible employee may purchase shares of our common stock at semi-annual intervals each year at a purchase price equal to 85% of the average closing prices of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange during the last ten business days of the purchase period. Each eligible employee may contribute no more than $10,000 per year to purchase our common stock under the ESPP.

(1)Includes information related to BXP’s 1997 Plan and 2012 Plan.
(2)Includes (a) 351,561 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options (all of which are vested and exercisable), (b) 1,336,115 long term incentive units (LTIP units) (914,572 of which are vested) that, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions, are convertible into common units, which may be presented to BPLP for redemption and acquired by BXP for shares of its common stock, (c) 1,366,743 common units issued upon conversion of LTIP units, which may be presented to BPLP for redemption and acquired by BXP for shares of its common stock, (d) 336,195 2018 MYLTIP Awards that, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions, are convertible into common units, which may be presented to BPLP for redemption and acquired by BXP for shares of its common stock, (e) 219,916 2019 MYLTIP Awards that, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions, are convertible into common units, which may be presented to BPLP for redemption and acquired by BXP for shares of its common stock, (f) 203,278 2020 MYLTIP Awards that, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions, are convertible into common units, which may be presented to BPLP for redemption and acquired by BXP for shares of its common stock and (g) 72,966 deferred stock units which were granted pursuant to elections by certain of BXP’s non-employee directors to defer all cash compensation to be paid to such directors and to receive their deferred cash compensation in shares of BXP’s common stock upon their retirement from its Board of Directors.
Does not include 55,616 shares of restricted stock, as they have been reflected in BXP’s total shares outstanding. Because there is no exercise price associated with LTIP units, common units, 2018 MYLTIP Awards, 2019 MYLTIP Awards, 2020 MYLTIP Awards or deferred stock units, such shares are not included in the weighed-average exercise price calculation.
(3)Represents awards available for issuance under BXP’s 2012 Plan. “Full-value” awards (i.e., awards other than stock options) are multiplied by a 2.32 conversion ratio to calculate the number of shares available under the 2012 Plan that are used for each full-value award, as opposed to a 1.0 conversion ratio for each stock option awarded under the 2012 Plan.
(4)Includes information related to the 1999 Non-Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP). The ESPP was adopted by the Board of Directors of BXP on October 29, 1998. The ESPP has not been approved by BXP’s stockholders. The ESPP is available to all our employees that are employed on the first day of the purchase period. Under the ESPP, each
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eligible employee may purchase shares of our common stock at semi-annual intervals each year at a purchase price equal to 85% of the average closing prices of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange during the last ten business days of the purchase period. Each eligible employee may contribute no more than $10,000 per year to purchase our common stock under the ESPP.

Additional information concerning security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management required by Item 12 will be included in the Proxy Statement to be filed relating to Boston Properties, Inc.’s 20192021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director IndependenceIndependence.
The information required by Item 13 will be included in the Proxy Statement to be filed relating to Boston Properties, Inc.’s 20192021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and ServicesServices.
The information required by Item 14 will be included in the Proxy Statement to be filed relating to Boston Properties, Inc.’s 20192021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.



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PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement SchedulesSchedules.
(a) Financial Statement Schedule
Boston Properties, Inc.
Schedule 3—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)
Property NameTypeLocationEncumbrancesOriginalCosts
Capitalized
Subsequent
to
Acquisition		Land and ImprovementsBuilding and
Improvements		Land
Held for
Development		Development
and
Construction
in Progress		TotalAccumulated
Depreciation		Year(s) Built/
Renovated		Year(s) AcquiredDepreciable
Lives  (Years)
LandBuilding
767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building)OfficeNew York, NY$2,277,522 $1,796,252 $1,532,654 $227,450 $1,796,252 $1,760,104 $— $— $3,556,356 $364,145 1968/20192013(1)
Prudential CenterOfficeBoston, MA— 92,077 948,357 573,187 115,638 1,480,302 17,681 — 1,613,621 634,402 1965/1993/2002/2016-2017 1998/1999/2000(1)
Embarcadero CenterOfficeSan Francisco, CA— 179,697 847,410 469,860 195,987 1,300,980 — — 1,496,967 680,507 1970/1989 1998-1999(1)
399 Park AvenueOfficeNew York, NY— 339,200 700,358 340,960 354,107 1,026,411 — — 1,380,518 387,217 1961/20182002(1)
601 Lexington AvenueOfficeNew York, NY630,068 241,600 494,782 446,950 289,639 663,694 — 229,999 1,183,332 284,477 1977/19972001(1)
Salesforce TowerOfficeSan Francisco, CA— 200,349 946,205 5,355 200,349 951,560 — — 1,151,909 68,918 2018 2013(1)
200 Clarendon Street and GarageOfficeBoston, MA— 219,543 667,884 218,821 251,374 854,874 — — 1,106,248 244,882 19762010(1)
250 West 55th StreetOfficeNew York, NY— 285,263 603,167 51,860 285,263 655,027 — — 940,290 138,004 2014 2007(1)
100 Federal StreetOfficeBoston, MA— 131,067 435,954 111,196 131,067 547,150 — — 678,217 141,629 1971-1975/20172012(1)
Times Square TowerOfficeNew York, NY— 165,413 380,438 108,206 169,193 484,864 — — 654,057 217,845 20042000(1)
Carnegie CenterOfficePrinceton, NJ— 142,666 316,856 153,797 94,240 463,959 55,120 — 613,319 221,323 1983-20161998/1999/2000/2007/2014/2017/2019(1)
Atlantic WharfOfficeBoston, MA— 63,988 454,537 18,538 63,988 473,075 — — 537,063 146,860 20112007(1)
599 Lexington AvenueOfficeNew York, NY— 81,040 100,507 214,275 87,852 307,970 — — 395,822 193,058 19861997(1)
510 Madison AvenueOfficeNew York, NY— 103,000 253,665 28,446 103,000 282,111 — — 385,111 81,517 20122010(1)
Fountain SquareOfficeReston, VA— 56,853 306,298 21,030 56,853 327,328 — — 384,181 90,047 1986-19902012(1)
680 Folsom StreetOfficeSan Francisco, CA— 72,545 219,766 7,917 72,545 227,683 — — 300,228 55,319 2014 2012(1)
145 BroadwayOfficeCambridge, MA— 121 273,013 25,712 23,367 275,479 — — 298,846 9,941 20191997(1)
2200 Pennsylvania AvenueOfficeWashington, DC— 0 183,541 112,436 107,356 188,621 — — 295,977 66,072 20112008(1)
South of Market and Democracy TowerOfficeReston, VA— 13,603 237,479 41,163 13,687 278,558 — — 292,245 107,358 2008-20092003(1)
601 Massachusetts AvenueOfficeWashington, DC— 95,310 165,173 3,945 95,322 169,106 — — 264,428 30,743 20162008(1)
Bay Colony Corporate CenterOfficeWaltham, MA— 18,789 148,451 81,302 18,789 229,753 — — 248,542 89,232 1985-19892011(1)
535 Mission StreetOfficeSan Francisco, CA— 40,933 148,378 3,287 40,933 151,665 — — 192,598 31,953 2015 2013(1)
Mountain View Research ParkOfficeMountain View, CA— 95,066 68,373 18,479 95,066 86,852 — — 181,918 21,725 1977-1981/2007-20132013(1)
Reservoir PlaceOfficeWaltham, MA— 18,605 104,124 57,154 20,108 159,775 — — 179,883 76,993 1955/1987/2017 1997/1998(1)
1330 Connecticut AvenueOfficeWashington, DC— 25,982 82,311 37,049 27,135 118,207 — — 145,342 38,000 1984/20182004(1)
One Freedom SquareOfficeReston, VA— 9,929 84,504 39,884 11,293 123,024 — — 134,317 62,808 20002003(1)
Kingstowne Towne CenterOfficeAlexandria, VA— 18,021 109,038 3,299 18,062 112,296 — — 130,358 46,469 2003-20062007(1)
185
Table of Contents
Boston Properties, Inc.
Schedule 3 - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2018
(dollars in thousands)
Property Name Type Location Encumbrances Original 
Costs
Capitalized
Subsequent
to
Acquisition
 Land and Improvements 
Building and
Improvements
 
Land
Held for
Development
 
Development
and
Construction
in Progress
 Total 
Accumulated
Depreciation
 
Year(s) Built/
Renovated
 Year(s) Acquired 
Depreciable
Lives  (Years)
 
Land Building  
767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building) Office New York, NY $2,270,534
 $1,796,252
 $1,532,654
 $189,657
 $1,796,252
 $1,722,311
 $—
 $—
 $3,518,563
 $271,534
 1968 2013 (1)
Prudential Center Office Boston, MA —
 92,077
 948,357
 532,802
 115,638
 1,457,494
 104
 —
 1,573,236
 550,109
 1965/1993/2002/2016-2017  1998/1999/2000 (1)
Embarcadero Center Office San Francisco, CA —
 179,697
 847,410
 368,967
 195,987
 1,200,087
 —
 —
 1,396,074
 612,981
 1970/1989  1998-1999 (1)
399 Park Avenue Office New York, NY —
 339,200
 700,358
 247,092
 354,107
 932,543
 —
 —
 1,286,650
 332,911
 1961/2018 2002 (1)
Salesforce Tower Office San Francisco, CA —
 200,349
 919,565
 —
 200,349
 919,565
 —
 —
 1,119,914
 9,509
 2018  2013 (1)
601 Lexington Avenue Office New York, NY 658,792
 241,600
 494,782
 361,985
 289,639
 637,044
 —
 171,684
 1,098,367
 272,936
 1977/1997 2001 (1)
200 Clarendon Street and Garage Office Boston, MA —
 219,543
 667,884
 164,073
 219,616
 822,218
 9,666
 —
 1,051,500
 192,137
 1976 2010 (1)
250 West 55th Street Office New York, NY —
 285,263
 603,167
 48,642
 285,263
 651,809
 —
 —
 937,072
 94,434
 2014  2007 (1)
100 Federal Street Office Boston, MA —
 131,067
 435,954
 99,702
 131,067
 535,656
 —
 —
 666,723
 105,536
 1971-1975/2017 2012 (1)
Carnegie Center Office Princeton, NJ —
 107,997
 389,359
 158,752
 108,948
 543,974
 3,186
 —
 656,108
 241,570
 1983-2016 1998/1999/2000/2007/2014/2017 (1)
Times Square Tower Office New York, NY —
 165,413
 380,438
 94,451
 169,193
 471,109
 —
 —
 640,302
 206,067
 2004 2000 (1)
Atlantic Wharf Office Boston, MA —
 63,988
 454,537
 17,184
 63,988
 471,721
 —
 —
 535,709
 116,238
 2011 2007 (1)
510 Madison Avenue Office New York, NY —
 103,000
 253,665
 24,992
 103,000
 278,657
 —
 —
 381,657
 62,507
 2012 2010 (1)
Fountain Square Office Reston, VA —
 56,853
 306,298
 3,170
 56,853
 309,468
 —
 —
 366,321
 68,390
 1986-1990 2012 (1)
599 Lexington Avenue Office New York, NY —
 81,040
 100,507
 174,213
 87,852
 267,908
 —
 —
 355,760
 170,678
 1986 1997 (1)
680 Folsom Street Office San Francisco, CA —
 72,545
 219,766
 7,829
 72,545
 227,595
 —
 —
 300,140
 38,230
 2014  2012 (1)
601 Massachusetts Avenue Office Washington, DC —
 95,310
 165,173
 3,900
 95,322
 169,061
 —
 —
 264,383
 18,263
 2016 2008 (1)
South of Market and Democracy Tower Office Reston, VA —
 13,603
 237,479
 12,428
 13,687
 249,823
 —
 —
 263,510
 91,072
 2008-2009 2003 (1)
Bay Colony Corporate Center Office Waltham, MA —
 18,789
 148,451
 77,133
 18,789
 225,584
 —
 —
 244,373
 68,903
 1985-1989 2011 (1)
Gateway Center Office San Francisco, CA —
 28,255
 139,245
 64,831
 30,627
 201,704
 —
 —
 232,331
 107,640
 1984/1986/2002 1999 (1)
535 Mission Street Office San Francisco, CA —
 40,933
 148,378
 3,259
 40,933
 151,637
 —
 —
 192,570
 20,576
 2015  2013 (1)
2200 Pennsylvania Avenue Office Washington, DC —
 —
 183,541
 4,535
 —
 188,076
 —
 —
 188,076
 52,280
 2011 2008 (1)
Mountain View Research Park Office Mountain View, CA —
 95,066
 68,373
 9,988
 95,066
 78,361
 —
 —
 173,427
 17,866
 1977-1981/2007-2013 2013 (1)
Reservoir Place Office Waltham, MA —
 18,605
 104,124
 45,144
 20,108
 147,765
 —
 —
 167,873
 64,683
 1955/1987/2017  1997/1998 (1)
1330 Connecticut Avenue Office Washington, DC —
 25,982
 82,311
 36,089
 27,135
 117,247
 —
 —
 144,382
 27,535
 1984/2018 2004 (1)
Kingstowne Towne Center Office Alexandria, VA —
 18,021
 109,038
 2,098
 18,062
 111,095
 —
 —
 129,157
 41,469
 2003-2006 2007 (1)

Boston Properties, Inc.
Schedule 3—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)
Property NameTypeLocationEncumbrancesOriginalCosts
Capitalized
Subsequent
to
Acquisition		Land and ImprovementsBuilding and
Improvements		Land
Held for
Development		Development
and
Construction
in Progress		TotalAccumulated
Depreciation		Year(s) Built/
Renovated		Year(s) AcquiredDepreciable
Lives  (Years)
LandBuilding
One and Two Reston OverlookOfficeReston, VA— 16,456 66,192 46,762 16,179 113,231 — — 129,410 57,441 19992000(1)
Weston Corporate CenterOfficeWeston, MA— 25,753 92,312 (5)25,854 92,206 — — 118,060 32,278 20102001(1)
Two Freedom SquareOfficeReston, VA— 13,930 77,739 25,510 15,420 101,759 — — 117,179 53,885 20012003(1)
17Fifty Presidents StreetOfficeReston, VA— 0 113,362 0 0 113,362 — — 113,362 3,466 20202013(1)
140 Kendrick StreetOfficeNeedham, MA— 18,095 66,905 26,458 19,092 92,366 — — 111,458 35,918 20002004(1)
Discovery SquareOfficeReston, VA— 11,198 71,782 20,742 12,533 91,189 — — 103,722 45,920 20012003(1)
355 Main StreetOfficeCambridge, MA— 18,863 53,346 27,593 21,173 78,629 — — 99,802 29,479 1981/1996/20132006(1)
880 & 890 Winter StreetOfficeWaltham, MA— 29,510 65,812 1,367 29,510 66,561 618 — 96,689 5,706 1998-19992019(1)
10 CityPointOfficeWaltham, MA— 1,953 85,752 4,744 2,290 90,159 — — 92,449 14,073 2016 1997(1)
90 BroadwayOfficeCambridge, MA— 19,104 52,078 18,077 20,785 68,474 — — 89,259 24,200 1983/1998/20132006(1)
230 CityPointOfficeWaltham, MA— 13,189 49,823 23,958 13,807 73,163 — — 86,970 32,678 19922005(1)
77 CityPointOfficeWaltham, MA— 13,847 60,383 11,937 14,023 72,144 — — 86,167 29,691 20082001(1)
Waltham Weston Corporate CenterOfficeWaltham, MA— 10,385 60,694 13,151 11,097 73,133 — — 84,230 38,118 20031999(1)
3625-3635 Peterson WayOfficeSanta Clara, CA— 63,206 14,879 907 63,206 14,879 907 — 78,992 14,198 19792016(1)
20 CityPointOfficeWaltham, MA— 4,887 72,764 0 4,887 72,764 — — 77,651 3,325 20202007(1)
2440 West El Camino RealOfficeMountain View, CA— 16,741 51,285 5,518 16,741 56,803 — — 73,544 15,215 1987/20032011(1)
191 Spring StreetOfficeLexington, MA— 2,850 59,751 7,543 3,151 66,993 — — 70,144 24,275 1971/1995/2018 1997(1)
300 Binney StreetOfficeCambridge, MA— 18,080 51,262 140 18,080 51,402 — — 69,482 12,842 2013 2009(1)
Wisconsin PlaceOfficeChevy Chase, MD— 0 53,349 14,771 0 68,120 — — 68,120 28,305 20092004(1)
Reston Corporate CenterOfficeReston, VA— 9,135 50,857 6,236 10,148 56,080 — — 66,228 31,405 19841998(1)
200 West StreetOfficeWaltham, MA— 16,148 24,983 21,102 16,813 30,496 317 14,607 62,233 18,585 19991997(1)
255 Main StreetOfficeCambridge, MA— 134 25,110 34,107 548 58,803 — — 59,351 37,353 19871997(1)
University PlaceOfficeCambridge, MA1,491 0 37,091 16,745 6,909 46,927 — — 53,836 30,983 19851998(1)
Sumner SquareOfficeWashington, DC— 624 28,745 20,396 2,251 47,514 — — 49,765 28,329 19851999(1)
Capital GalleryOfficeWashington, DC— 4,725 29,565 8,679 8,662 34,307 — — 42,969 21,150 1981/20062007(1)
North First Business ParkOfficeSan Jose, CA— 23,398 13,069 4,580 23,377 17,670 — — 41,047 16,749 19812007(1)
150 BroadwayOfficeCambridge, MA— 850 25,042 2,253 1,323 26,822 — — 28,145 14,154 19991997(1)
105 BroadwayOfficeCambridge, MA— 1,299 12,943 12,723 2,395 24,570 — — 26,965 13,041 19901997(1)
Lexington Office ParkOfficeLexington, MA— 998 1,426 18,567 1,264 19,727 — — 20,991 15,289 19821997(1)
201 Spring StreetOfficeLexington, MA— 2,849 15,303 1,124 3,124 16,152 — — 19,276 8,985 19971997(1)
The PointOfficeWaltham, MA— 6,395 10,040 421 6,492 10,364 — — 16,856 1,667 20152007(1)
690 Folsom StreetOfficeSan Francisco, CA— 3,219 11,038 1,157 3,219 12,195 — — 15,414 2,778 20152012(1)
33 Hayden AvenueOfficeLexington, MA— 266 3,234 11,566 425 14,641 — — 15,066 5,674 19791997(1)
92-100 Hayden AvenueOfficeLexington, MA— 594 6,748 7,669 802 14,209 — — 15,011 12,507 19851997(1)
181 Spring StreetOfficeLexington, MA— 1,066 9,520 2,177 1,160 11,603 — — 12,763 5,908 19991997(1)
195 West StreetOfficeWaltham, MA— 1,611 6,652 4,221 1,858 10,626 — — 12,484 8,589 19901997(1)
186
Table of Contents
Boston Properties, Inc.
Schedule 3 - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2018
(dollars in thousands)
Property Name Type Location Encumbrances Original 
Costs
Capitalized
Subsequent
to
Acquisition
 Land and Improvements 
Building and
Improvements
 
Land
Held for
Development
 
Development
and
Construction
in Progress
 Total 
Accumulated
Depreciation
 
Year(s) Built/
Renovated
 Year(s) Acquired 
Depreciable
Lives  (Years)
 
Land Building  
One Freedom Square Office Reston, VA —
 9,929
 84,504
 32,256
 11,293
 115,396
 —
 —
 126,689
 54,652
 2000 2003 (1)
Capital Gallery Office Washington, DC —
 4,725
 29,565
 87,231
 8,662
 112,859
 —
 —
 121,521
 67,759
 1981/2006 2007 (1)
Weston Corporate Center Office Weston, MA —
 25,753
 92,312
 (123) 25,854
 92,088
 —
 —
 117,942
 26,176
 2010 2001 (1)
Two Freedom Square Office Reston, VA —
 13,930
 77,739
 23,427
 15,420
 99,676
 —
 —
 115,096
 51,291
 2001 2003 (1)
One and Two Reston Overlook Office Reston, VA —
 16,456
 66,192
 24,181
 16,179
 90,650
 —
 —
 106,829
 47,668
 1999 2000 (1)
140 Kendrick Street Office Needham, MA —
 18,095
 66,905
 17,553
 19,092
 83,461
 —
 —
 102,553
 32,360
 2000 2004 (1)
Discovery Square Office Reston, VA —
 11,198
 71,782
 17,753
 12,533
 88,200
 —
 —
 100,733
 39,574
 2001 2003 (1)
355 Main Street Office Cambridge, MA —
 18,863
 53,346
 23,701
 21,173
 74,737
 —
 —
 95,910
 23,691
 1981/1996/2013 2006 (1)
10 CityPoint Office Waltham, MA —
 1,953
 85,752
 4,515
 2,116
 90,104
 —
 —
 92,220
 7,772
 2016  1997 (1)
90 Broadway Office Cambridge, MA —
 19,104
 52,078
 18,363
 20,785
 68,760
 —
 —
 89,545
 21,302
 1983/1998/2013 2006 (1)
230 CityPoint Office Waltham, MA —
 13,189
 49,823
 21,914
 13,593
 71,333
 —
 —
 84,926
 26,357
 1992 2005 (1)
Waltham Weston Corporate Center Office Waltham, MA —
 10,385
 60,694
 11,449
 11,097
 71,431
 —
 —
 82,528
 32,739
 2003 1999 (1)
77 CityPoint Office Waltham, MA —
 13,847
 60,383
 5,858
 13,873
 66,215
 —
 —
 80,088
 25,107
 2008 2001 (1)
3625-3635 Peterson Way Office Santa Clara, CA —
 63,206
 14,879
 673
 63,206
 14,879
 673
 —
 78,758
 8,146
 1979 2016 (1)
2440 West El Camino Real Office Mountain View, CA —
 16,741
 51,285
 3,411
 16,741
 54,696
 —
 —
 71,437
 12,562
 1987/2003 2011 (1)
300 Binney Street Office Cambridge, MA —
 18,080
 51,262
 140
 18,080
 51,402
 —
 —
 69,482
 9,450
 2013  2009 (1)
191 Spring Street Office Lexington, MA —
 2,850
 59,751
 6,235
 3,151
 65,685
 —
 —
 68,836
 19,543
 1971/1995/2018  1997 (1)
Wisconsin Place Office Chevy Chase, MD —
 —
 53,349
 14,889
 —
 68,238
 —
 —
 68,238
 22,936
 2009 2004 (1)
Reston Corporate Center Office Reston, VA —
 9,135
 50,857
 6,236
 10,148
 56,080
 —
 —
 66,228
 28,315
 1984 1998 (1)
New Dominion Technology Park, Bldg. Two Office Herndon, VA —
 5,584
 51,868
 4,157
 6,510
 55,099
 —
 —
 61,609
 25,421
 2004 1998 (1)
255 Main Street Office Cambridge, MA —
 134
 25,110
 29,672
 548
 54,368
 —
 —
 54,916
 30,180
 1987 1997 (1)
200 West Street Office Waltham, MA —
 16,148
 24,983
 11,120
 16,813
 35,438
 —
 —
 52,251
 22,544
 1999  1997 (1)
New Dominion Technology Park, Bldg. One Office Herndon, VA 29,675
 3,880
 43,227
 3,927
 4,583
 46,451
 —
 —
 51,034
 27,542
 2001 1998 (1)
Sumner Square Office Washington, DC —
 624
 28,745
 19,054
 1,478
 46,945
 —
 —
 48,423
 25,384
 1985 1999 (1)
University Place Office Cambridge, MA 5,571
 —
 37,091
 9,001
 390
 45,702
 —
 —
 46,092
 27,871
 1985 1998 (1)
2600 Tower Oaks Boulevard Office Rockville, MD —
 4,243
 31,125
 6,517
 4,244
 37,641
 —
 —
 41,885
 21,426
 2001 1998 (1)
North First Business Park Office San Jose, CA —
 23,398
 13,069
 4,613
 23,377
 17,703
 —
 —
 41,080
 16,076
 1981 2007 (1)
150 Broadway Office Cambridge, MA —
 850
 25,042
 8,540
 1,323
 33,109
 —
 —
 34,432
 18,404
 1999 1997 (1)
325 Main Street Office Cambridge, MA —
 174
 12,200
 16,437
 965
 23,319
 4,527
 —
 28,811
 13,676
 1987/2013 1997 (1)
105 Broadway Office Cambridge, MA —
 1,299
 12,943
 9,401
 2,395
 21,248
 —
 —
 23,643
 13,950
 1990 1997 (1)
Lexington Office Park Office Lexington, MA —
 998
 1,426
 18,700
 1,264
 19,860
 —
 —
 21,124
 13,614
 1982 1997 (1)
201 Spring Street Office Lexington, MA —
 2,849
 15,303
 1,390
 3,124
 16,418
 —
 —
 19,542
 8,344
 1997 1997 (1)
The Point Office Waltham, MA —
 6,395
 10,040
 431
 6,480
 10,386
 —
 —
 16,866
 1,031
 2015 2007 (1)
690 Folsom Street Office San Francisco, CA —
 3,219
 11,038
 1,157
 3,219
 12,195
 —
 —
 15,414
 1,790
 2015  2012 (1)
92-100 Hayden Avenue Office Lexington, MA —
 594
 6,748
 7,255
 802
 13,795
 —
 —
 14,597
 11,809
 1985 1997 (1)

Boston Properties, Inc.
Schedule 3—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)
Property NameTypeLocationEncumbrancesOriginalCosts
Capitalized
Subsequent
to
Acquisition		Land and ImprovementsBuilding and
Improvements		Land
Held for
Development		Development
and
Construction
in Progress		TotalAccumulated
Depreciation		Year(s) Built/
Renovated		Year(s) AcquiredDepreciable
Lives  (Years)
LandBuilding
7501 Boston Boulevard, Building SevenOfficeSpringfield, VA— 665 9,273 819 791 9,966 — — 10,757 5,665 19971997(1)
7435 Boston Boulevard, Building OneOfficeSpringfield, VA— 392 3,822 5,016 659 8,571 — — 9,230 6,756 19821997(1)
32 Hartwell AvenueOfficeLexington, MA— 168 1,943 6,944 314 8,741 — — 9,055 2,365 1968/1979/19871997(1)
7450 Boston Boulevard, Building ThreeOfficeSpringfield, VA— 1,165 4,681 2,591 1,430 7,007 — — 8,437 4,103 19871998(1)
250 Binney StreetOfficeCambridge, MA— 110 4,483 3,593 273 7,913 — — 8,186 6,211 19831997(1)
8000 Grainger Court, Building FiveOfficeSpringfield, VA— 366 4,282 3,198 601 7,245 — — 7,846 5,923 19841997(1)
453 Ravendale DriveOfficeMountain View, CA— 5,477 1,090 676 5,477 1,766 — — 7,243 819 19772012(1)
7300 Boston Boulevard, Building ThirteenOfficeSpringfield, VA— 608 4,773 1,075 661 5,795 — — 6,456 2,269 20021997(1)
17 Hartwell AvenueOfficeLexington, MA— 26 150 6,064 65 6,175 — — 6,240 2,487 19681997(1)
7601 Boston Boulevard, Building EightOfficeSpringfield, VA— 200 878 5,035 551 5,562 — — 6,113 4,838 19861997(1)
7500 Boston Boulevard, Building SixOfficeSpringfield, VA— 138 3,749 1,640 367 5,160 — — 5,527 4,399 19851997(1)
8000 Corporate Court, Building ElevenOfficeSpringfield, VA— 136 3,071 1,649 774 4,082 — — 4,856 3,320 19891997(1)
7375 Boston Boulevard, Building TenOfficeSpringfield, VA— 23 2,685 1,035 93 3,650 — — 3,743 2,724 19881997(1)
7374 Boston Boulevard, Building FourOfficeSpringfield, VA— 241 1,605 1,821 398 3,269 — — 3,667 2,870 19841997(1)
7451 Boston Boulevard, Building TwoOfficeSpringfield, VA— 249 1,542 1,658 613 2,836 — — 3,449 2,699 19821997(1)
The SkylyneResidentialOakland, CA— 28,962 239,077 0 28,962 239,077 — — 268,039 2,128 2020N/A(1)
Signature at RestonResidentialReston, VA— 27,076 190,580 659 27,076 191,239 — — 218,315 13,650 20182013(1)
Proto Kendall SquareResidentialCambridge, MA— 9,243 127,248 3,336 9,245 130,582 — — 139,827 7,883 20182015(1)
The Avant at Reston Town CenterResidentialReston, VA— 20,350 91,995 846 20,350 92,841 — — 113,191 17,204 20142010(1)
The Lofts at Atlantic WharfResidentialBoston, MA— 3,529 54,891 2,129 3,529 57,020 — — 60,549 14,166 20112007(1)
Boston Marriott CambridgeHotelCambridge, MA— 478 37,918 35,486 1,201 72,681 — — 73,882 49,103 1986/20171997(1)
Kendall Center Green GarageGarageCambridge, MA— 0 35,035 6,846 103 41,778 — — 41,881 14,442 19842006(1)
Kendall Center Yellow GarageGarageCambridge, MA— 1,256 15,697 1,552 1,434 17,071 — — 18,505 6,485 20062004(1)
Kendall Center Blue GarageGarageCambridge, MA— 1,163 11,633 2,111 1,579 13,328 — — 14,907 10,044 19901997(1)
Reston Next (formerly Reston Gateway)DevelopmentReston, VA— 0 0 354,174 0 0 — 354,174 354,174 0 N/A1998N/A
2100 Pennsylvania AvenueDevelopmentWashington, DC— 0 0 294,445 185,129 0 — 109,316 294,445 3,481 N/A N/AN/A
325 Main StreetDevelopmentCambridge, MA— 174 0 161,468 965 0 — 160,677 161,642 0 N/A1997N/A
777 Harrison Street (formerly 425 Fourth Street)LandSan Francisco, CA— 144,647 0 25,930 0 47 170,530 — 170,577 0 N/A2020N/A
North First Master PlanLandSan Jose, CA— 35,004 0 3,937 0 0 38,941 — 38,941 0 N/A 2007N/A
187
Table of Contents
Boston Properties, Inc.
Schedule 3 - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2018
(dollars in thousands)
Property Name Type Location Encumbrances Original 
Costs
Capitalized
Subsequent
to
Acquisition
 Land and Improvements 
Building and
Improvements
 
Land
Held for
Development
 
Development
and
Construction
in Progress
 Total 
Accumulated
Depreciation
 
Year(s) Built/
Renovated
 Year(s) Acquired 
Depreciable
Lives  (Years)
 
Land Building  
181 Spring Street Office Lexington, MA —
 1,066
 9,520
 2,230
 1,160
 11,656
 —
 —
 12,816
 5,424
 1999 1997 (1)
195 West Street Office Waltham, MA —
 1,611
 6,652
 4,270
 1,858
 10,675
 —
 —
 12,533
 8,330
 1990 1997 (1)
33 Hayden Avenue Office Lexington, MA —
 266
 3,234
 8,223
 425
 11,298
 —
 —
 11,723
 9,033
 1979 1997 (1)
7501 Boston Boulevard, Building Seven Office Springfield, VA —
 665
 9,273
 819
 791
 9,966
 —
 —
 10,757
 5,121
 1997 1997 (1)
7450 Boston Boulevard, Building Three Office Springfield, VA —
 1,165
 4,681
 3,278
 1,430
 7,694
 —
 —
 9,124
 3,733
 1987 1998 (1)
7435 Boston Boulevard, Building One Office Springfield, VA —
 392
 3,822
 4,737
 659
 8,292
 —
 —
 8,951
 5,917
 1982 1997 (1)
250 Binney Street Office Cambridge, MA —
 110
 4,483
 3,593
 273
 7,913
 —
 —
 8,186
 5,448
 1983 1997 (1)
8000 Grainger Court, Building Five Office Springfield, VA —
 366
 4,282
 3,536
 601
 7,583
 —
 —
 8,184
 5,864
 1984 1997 (1)
453 Ravendale Drive Office Mountain View, CA —
 5,477
 1,090
 676
 5,477
 1,766
 —
 —
 7,243
 558
 1977 2012 (1)
7300 Boston Boulevard, Building Thirteen Office Springfield, VA —
 608
 4,773
 1,438
 661
 6,158
 —
 —
 6,819
 3,011
 2002 1997 (1)
7601 Boston Boulevard, Building Eight Office Springfield, VA —
 200
 878
 5,373
 551
 5,900
 —
 —
 6,451
 4,487
 1986 1997 (1)
17 Hartwell Avenue Office Lexington, MA —
 26
 150
 6,064
 65
 6,175
 —
 —
 6,240
 1,445
 1968 1997 (1)
7500 Boston Boulevard, Building Six Office Springfield, VA —
 138
 3,749
 1,673
 406
 5,154
 —
 —
 5,560
 4,121
 1985 1997 (1)
8000 Corporate Court, Building Eleven Office Springfield, VA —
 136
 3,071
 1,596
 774
 4,029
 —
 —
 4,803
 3,051
 1989 1997 (1)
7375 Boston Boulevard, Building Ten Office Springfield, VA —
 23
 2,685
 992
 93
 3,607
 —
 —
 3,700
 2,593
 1988 1997 (1)
7374 Boston Boulevard, Building Four Office Springfield, VA —
 241
 1,605
 1,828
 398
 3,276
 —
 —
 3,674
 2,685
 1984 1997 (1)
7451 Boston Boulevard, Building Two Office Springfield, VA —
 249
 1,542
 1,659
 613
 2,837
 —
 —
 3,450
 2,527
 1982 1997 (1)
32 Hartwell Avenue Office Lexington, MA —
 168
 1,943
 817
 314
 2,614
 —
 —
 2,928
 1,821
 1968/1979/1987 1997 (1)
164 Lexington Road Office Billerica, MA —
 592
 1,370
 319
 643
 1,638
 —
 —
 2,281
 906
 1982 1997 (1)
Signature at Reston Residential Reston, VA —
 27,076
 190,580
 —
 27,076
 190,580
 —
 —
 217,656
 3,938
 2018 2013 (1)
Proto Kendall Square Residential Cambridge, MA —
 9,243
 127,248
 —
 9,243
 127,248
 —
 —
 136,491
 1,324
 2018 2015 (1)
The Avant at Reston Town Center Residential Reston, VA —
 20,350
 91,995
 830
 20,350
 92,825
 —
 —
 113,175
 12,254
 2014 2010 (1)
The Lofts at Atlantic Wharf Residential Boston, MA —
 3,529
 54,891
 1,768
 3,529
 56,659
 —
 —
 60,188
 11,131
 2011 2007 (1)
Boston Marriott Cambridge Hotel Cambridge, MA —
 478
 37,918
 36,697
 1,201
 73,892
 —
 —
 75,093
 46,576
 1986/2017 1997 (1)
Kendall Center Green Garage Garage Cambridge, MA —
 —
 35,035
 7,448
 103
 42,380
 —
 —
 42,483
 12,208
 1984 2006 (1)
Kendall Center Yellow Garage Garage Cambridge, MA —
 1,256
 15,697
 1,621
 1,434
 17,140
 —
 —
 18,574
 5,643
 2006 2004 (1)
Kendall Center Blue Garage Garage Cambridge, MA —
 1,163
 11,633
 2,145
 1,579
 13,362
 —
 —
 14,941
 9,437
 1990 1997 (1)
145 Broadway Development Cambridge, MA —
 121
 —
 223,845
 324
 —
 —
 223,642
 223,966
 —
 N/A 1997 N/A
MacArthur Station Residences Development Oakland, CA —
 —
 —
 87,159
 —
 —
 —
 87,159
 87,159
 —
 N/A  N/A N/A
20 CityPoint Development Waltham, MA —
 —
 6,287
 46,024
 —
 6,287
 —
 46,024
 52,311
 —
 N/A  2007 N/A
Boston Properties, Inc.
Schedule 3—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)
Property NameTypeLocationEncumbrancesOriginalCosts
Capitalized
Subsequent
to
Acquisition		Land and ImprovementsBuilding and
Improvements		Land
Held for
Development		Development
and
Construction
in Progress		TotalAccumulated
Depreciation		Year(s) Built/
Renovated		Year(s) AcquiredDepreciable
Lives  (Years)
LandBuilding
Plaza at AlmadenLandSan Jose, CA— 0 0 36,431 0 0 36,431 — 36,431 0 N/A2006N/A
Back Bay Station Master PlanLandBoston, MA— 0 0 30,643 0 0 30,643 — 30,643 0 N/AN/AN/A
Reston Gateway Master PlanLandReston, VA— 0 0 28,610 0 0 28,610 — 28,610 0 N/A1998N/A
Springfield Metro CenterLandSpringfield, VA— 0 0 19,871 0 0 19,871 — 19,871 0 N/A 2007N/A
214 Third AvenueLandWaltham, MA— 0 0 19,206 0 0 19,206 — 19,206 0 N/A 2006N/A
CityPoint South Master PlanLandWaltham, MA— 0 0 13,363 0 0 13,363 — 13,363 0 N/AN/AN/A
103 Fourth AvenueLandWaltham, MA— 0 0 12,888 0 0 12,888 — 12,888 0 N/A 2007N/A
Broad Run Business ParkLandLoudoun County, VA— 0 0 2,392 0 0 2,392 — 2,392 0 N/A 1998N/A
Kendall Center Master PlanLandCambridge, MA— 0 0 2,145 0 0 2,145 — 2,145 0 N/A1997N/A
Weston QuarryLandWeston, MA— 0 0 1,249 0 0 1,249 — 1,249 0 N/A 2001N/A
Reston Overlook Master PlanLandReston, VA— 0 0 42 0 0 42 — 42 0 N/A 2000N/A
$2,909,081 (2)$5,160,116 $13,196,160 $4,947,027 $5,429,703 (3)$16,553,873 (4)$450,954 (5)$868,773 $23,303,303 $5,501,637 


Boston Properties, Inc.
Schedule 3 - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2018
(dollars in thousands)
Property Name Type Location Encumbrances Original 
Costs
Capitalized
Subsequent
to
Acquisition
 Land and Improvements 
Building and
Improvements
 
Land
Held for
Development
 
Development
and
Construction
in Progress
 Total 
Accumulated
Depreciation
 
Year(s) Built/
Renovated
 Year(s) Acquired 
Depreciable
Lives  (Years)
 
Land Building  
Reston Gateway Development Reston, VA —
 —
 —
 25,167
 —
 —
 —
 25,167
 25,167
 —
 N/A 1998 N/A
17Fifty Presidents Street Development Reston, VA —
 —
 —
 25,120
 —
 —
 —
 25,120
 25,120
 —
 N/A 2013 N/A
North First Master Plan Land San Jose, CA —
 35,004
 —
 3,932
 —
 —
 38,936
 —
 38,936
 —
 N/A  2007 N/A
Plaza at Almaden Land San Jose, CA —
 —
 —
 29,928
 —
 —
 29,928
 —
 29,928
 —
 N/A 2006 N/A
Springfield Metro Center Land Springfield, VA —
 —
 —
 19,823
 —
 —
 19,823
 —
 19,823
 —
 N/A  2007 N/A
214 Third Avenue Land Waltham, MA —
 —
 ��
 15,233
 —
 —
 15,233
 —
 15,233
 —
 N/A  2006 N/A
Platform 16 Land San Jose, CA —
 —
 —
 12,962
 —
 —
 12,962
 —
 12,962
 —
 N/A 2018 N/A
103 Fourth Avenue Land Waltham, MA —
 —
 —
 12,208
 —
 —
 12,208
 —
 12,208
 —
 N/A  2007 N/A
Reston Gateway Master Plan Land Reston, VA —
 —
 —
 11,014
 —
 —
 11,014
 —
 11,014
 —
 N/A  1998 N/A
Fourth and Harrison Land San Francisco, CA —
 —
 —
 10,350
 —
 —
 10,350
 —
 10,350
 —
 N/A  N/A N/A
2100 Pennsylvania Avenue Land Washington, DC —
 —
 —
 9,700
 —
 —
 9,700
 —
 9,700
 —
 N/A  N/A N/A
Crane Meadow Land Marlborough, MA —
 —
 —
 8,852
 —
 —
 8,852
 —
 8,852
 —
 N/A  2000 N/A
Washingtonian North Land Gaithersburg, MD —
 —
 —
 7,473
 —
 —
 7,473
 —
 7,473
 —
 N/A  1998 N/A
Broad Run Business Park Land Loudoun County, VA —
 —
 —
 2,388
 —
 —
 2,388
 —
 2,388
 —
 N/A  1998 N/A
Kendall Center Master Plan Land Cambridge, MA —
 —
 —
 2,199
 —
 —
 2,199
 —
 2,199
 —
 N/A 1997 N/A
Weston Quarry Land Weston, MA —
 —
 —
 1,237
 —
 —
 1,237
 —
 1,237
 —
 N/A  2001 N/A
Reston Overlook Master Plan Land Reston, VA —
 —
 —
 39
 —
 —
 39
 —
 39
 —
 N/A  2000 N/A
                               
      $2,964,572
(2)$4,959,995
 $12,763,317
 $3,882,233
 $5,072,568
 $15,753,683
 $200,498
(3)$578,796
 $21,605,545
 $4,871,102
      



Note: Total Real Estate does not include Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment totaling approximately $44,351.$49,606. Accumulated Depreciation does not include approximately $26,675$32,465 of accumulated depreciation related to Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment.
 
The aggregate cost and accumulated depreciation for tax purposes was approximately $17.9$20.7 billion and $3.9$4.5 billion, respectively.
 
(1)Depreciation of the buildings and improvements are calculated over lives ranging from the life of the lease to 40 years.
(2)Includes unamortized deferred financing costs totaling approximately $(30.8) million.
(3)Includes pre-development costs.

(1)Depreciation of the buildings and improvements are calculated over lives ranging from the life of the lease to 40 years.

(2)Includes unamortized deferred financing costs totaling approximately $(22.9) million.

(3)Includes Right of Use Assets - Finance Leases and Right of Use Assets - Operating Leases of approximately $214,091 and $146,406, respectively.

(4)Includes Right of Use Assets - Finance Leases of approximately $23,302.

(5)Includes pre-development costs.




188
Table of Contents
Boston Properties, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 20162018
(dollars in thousands)
 


A summary of activity for real estate and accumulated depreciation is as follows:
 
 2018 2017 2016202020192018
Real Estate:      Real Estate:
Balance at the beginning of the year $21,058,714
 $20,114,576
 $19,451,683
Balance at the beginning of the year$22,844,697 $21,605,545 $21,058,714 
Additions to/improvements of real estate 1,043,379
 1,099,286
 977,287
Additions to/improvements of real estate996,989 1,671,898 1,043,379 
Assets sold/written-off (496,548) (155,148) (314,394)Assets sold/written-off(538,383)(432,746)(496,548)
Balance at the end of the year $21,605,545
 $21,058,714
 $20,114,576
Balance at the end of the year$23,303,303 $22,844,697 $21,605,545 
Accumulated Depreciation:      Accumulated Depreciation:
Balance at the beginning of the year $4,566,570
 $4,201,891
 $3,905,940
Balance at the beginning of the year$5,239,179 $4,871,102 $4,566,570 
Depreciation expense 533,342
 497,059
 560,024
Depreciation expense573,898 564,938 533,342 
Assets sold/written-off (228,810) (132,380) (264,073)Assets sold/written-off(311,440)(196,861)(228,810)
Balance at the end of the year $4,871,102
 $4,566,570
 $4,201,891
Balance at the end of the year$5,501,637 $5,239,179 $4,871,102 
 
Note: Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation amounts do not include Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment.



189
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Schedule 3—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2018
(dollars in thousands)

        Original 
Costs
Capitalized
Subsequent
to
Acquisition
 
Land and
Improvements
 
Building
and
Improvements
 
Land Held
for Development
 
Development
and
Construction
in Progress
 Total 
Accumulated
Depreciation
 
Year(s) Built/
Renovated
 Year(s) Acquired 
Depreciable
Lives
(Years)
Property Name Type Location Encumbrances Land Building 
767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building) Office New York, NY $2,270,534
 $1,796,252
 $1,532,654
 $189,657
 $1,796,252
 $1,722,311
 $—
 $—
 $3,518,563
 $271,534
 1968  2013 (1)
Prudential Center Office Boston, MA —
 92,077
 948,357
 472,432
 100,540
 1,412,222
 104
 —
 1,512,866
 535,305
 1965/1993/2002/2016-2017  1998/1999/2000 (1)
Embarcadero Center Office San Francisco, CA —
 179,697
 847,410
 306,586
 180,420
 1,153,273
 —
 —
 1,333,693
 597,613
 1970/1989  1998-1999 (1)
399 Park Avenue Office New York, NY —
 339,200
 700,358
 187,484
 339,200
 887,842
 —
 —
 1,227,042
 318,267
 1961/2018 2002 (1)
Salesforce Tower Office San Francisco, CA —
 200,349
 919,565
 —
 200,349
 919,565
 —
 —
 1,119,914
 9,509
 2018  2013 (1)
601 Lexington Avenue Office New York, NY 658,792
 241,600
 494,782
 324,899
 279,281
 610,316
 —
 171,684
 1,061,281
 264,150
 1977/1997  2001 (1)
200 Clarendon Street and Garage Office Boston, MA —
 219,543
 667,884
 164,073
 219,616
 822,218
 9,666
 —
 1,051,500
 192,137
 1976 2010 (1)
250 West 55th Street Office New York, NY —
 285,263
 603,167
 48,642
 285,263
 651,809
 —
 —
 937,072
 94,434
 2014  2007 (1)
100 Federal Street Office Boston, MA —
 131,067
 435,954
 99,702
 131,067
 535,656
 —
 —
 666,723
 105,536
 1971-1975/2017  2012 (1)
Carnegie Center Office Princeton, NJ —
 107,997
 389,359
 141,434
 104,617
 530,987
 3,186
 —
 638,790
 237,322
 1983-2016 1998/1999/2000/2007/2014/2017 (1)
Times Square Tower Office New York, NY —
 165,413
 380,438
 56,472
 159,694
 442,629
 —
 —
 602,323
 196,753
 2004 2000 (1)
Atlantic Wharf Office Boston, MA —
 63,988
 454,537
 17,184
 63,988
 471,721
 —
 —
 535,709
 116,238
 2011  2007 (1)
510 Madison Avenue Office New York, NY —
 103,000
 253,665
 24,992
 103,000
 278,657
 —
 —
 381,657
 62,507
 2012 2010 (1)
Fountain Square Office Reston, VA —
 56,853
 306,298
 3,170
 56,853
 309,468
 —
 —
 366,321
 68,390
 1986-1990  2012 (1)
599 Lexington Avenue Office New York, NY —
 81,040
 100,507
 146,971
 81,040
 247,478
 —
 —
 328,518
 164,002
 1986 1997 (1)
680 Folsom Street Office San Francisco, CA —
 72,545
 219,766
 7,829
 72,545
 227,595
 —
 —
 300,140
 38,230
 2014  2012 (1)
601 Massachusetts Avenue Office Washington, DC —
 95,310
 165,173
 3,888
 95,310
 169,061
 —
 —
 264,371
 18,263
 2016  2008 (1)
South of Market and Democracy Tower Office Reston, VA —
 13,603
 237,479
 12,092
 13,603
 249,571
 —
 —
 263,174
 91,006
 2008-2009 2003 (1)
Bay Colony Corporate Center Office Waltham, MA —
 18,789
 148,451
 77,133
 18,789
 225,584
 —
 —
 244,373
 68,903
 1985-1989 2011 (1)
Gateway Center Office San Francisco, CA —
 28,255
 139,245
 58,442
 29,029
 196,913
 —
 —
 225,942
 106,074
 1984/1986/2002  1999 (1)
535 Mission Street Office San Francisco, CA —
 40,933
 148,378
 3,259
 40,933
 151,637
 —
 —
 192,570
 20,576
 2015  2013 (1)
2200 Pennsylvania Avenue Office Washington, DC —
 —
 183,541
 4,535
 —
 188,076
 —
 —
 188,076
 52,280
 2011 2008 (1)
Mountain View Research Park Office Mountain View, CA —
 95,066
 68,373
 9,988
 95,066
 78,361
 —
 —
 173,427
 17,866
 1977-1981/2007-2013  2013 (1)
Reservoir Place Office Waltham, MA —
 18,605
 104,124
 41,069
 19,089
 144,709
 —
 —
 163,798
 63,684
 1955/1987/2017  1997/1998 (1)
1330 Connecticut Avenue Office Washington, DC —
 25,982
 82,311
 31,476
 25,982
 113,787
 —
 —
 139,769
 26,400
 1984/2018 2004 (1)
Kingstowne Towne Center Office Alexandria, VA —
 18,021
 109,038
 1,934
 18,021
 110,972
 —
 —
 128,993
 41,436
 2003-2006  2007 (1)
One Freedom Square Office Reston, VA —
 9,929
 84,504
 26,619
 9,883
 111,169
 —
 —
 121,052
 53,268
 2000 2003 (1)
Weston Corporate Center Office Weston, MA —
 25,753
 92,312
 (123) 25,854
 92,088
 —
 —
 117,942
 26,176
 2010 2001 (1)
Capital Gallery Office Washington, DC —
 4,725
 29,565
 77,100
 6,128
 105,262
 —
 —
 111,390
 65,272
 1981/2006  2007 (1)
Two Freedom Square Office Reston, VA —
 13,930
 77,739
 17,215
 13,866
 95,018
 —
 —
 108,884
 49,768
 2001 2003 (1)
One and Two Reston Overlook Office Reston, VA —
 16,456
 66,192
 19,763
 15,074
 87,337
 —
 —
 102,411
 46,584
 1999 2000 (1)
Table of Contents

Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Schedule 3—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)
   OriginalCosts
Capitalized
Subsequent
to
Acquisition		Land and
Improvements		Building
and
Improvements		Land Held
for Development		Development
and
Construction
in Progress		TotalAccumulated
Depreciation		Year(s) Built/
Renovated		Year(s) AcquiredDepreciable
Lives
(Years)
Property NameTypeLocationEncumbrancesLandBuilding
767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building)OfficeNew York, NY$2,277,522 $1,796,252 $1,532,654 $227,450 $1,796,252 $1,760,104 $— $— $3,556,356 $364,145 1968/2019 2013(1)
Prudential CenterOfficeBoston, MA— 92,077 948,357 512,816 100,540 1,435,029 17,681 — 1,553,250 617,331 1965/1993/2002/2016-2017 1998/1999/2000(1)
Embarcadero CenterOfficeSan Francisco, CA— 179,697 847,410 407,480 180,420 1,254,167 — — 1,434,587 662,756 1970/1989 1998-1999(1)
399 Park AvenueOfficeNew York, NY— 339,200 700,358 281,352 339,200 981,710 — — 1,320,910 370,361 1961/20182002(1)
Salesforce TowerOfficeSan Francisco, CA— 200,349 946,205 5,355 200,349 951,560 — — 1,151,909 68,918 2018 2013(1)
601 Lexington AvenueOfficeNew York, NY630,068 241,600 494,782 409,864 279,281 636,966 — 229,999 1,146,246 274,343 1977/1997 2001(1)
200 Clarendon Street and GarageOfficeBoston, MA— 219,543 667,884 218,821 251,374 854,874 — — 1,106,248 244,882 19762010(1)
250 West 55th StreetOfficeNew York, NY— 285,263 603,167 51,860 285,263 655,027 — — 940,290 138,004 2014 2007(1)
100 Federal StreetOfficeBoston, MA— 131,067 435,954 111,196 131,067 547,150 — — 678,217 141,629 1971-1975/2017 2012(1)
Times Square TowerOfficeNew York, NY— 165,413 380,438 70,227 159,694 456,384 — — 616,078 207,106 20042000(1)
Carnegie CenterOfficePrinceton, NJ— 142,666 316,856 138,834 90,498 452,738 55,120 — 598,356 217,092 1983-20161998/1999/2000/2007/2014/2017/2019(1)
Atlantic WharfOfficeBoston, MA— 63,988 454,537 18,538 63,988 473,075 — — 537,063 146,860 2011 2007(1)
510 Madison AvenueOfficeNew York, NY— 103,000 253,665 28,446 103,000 282,111 — — 385,111 81,517 20122010(1)
Fountain SquareOfficeReston, VA— 56,853 306,298 21,030 56,853 327,328 — — 384,181 90,047 1986-1990 2012(1)
599 Lexington AvenueOfficeNew York, NY— 81,040 100,507 187,033 81,040 287,540 — — 368,580 185,354 19861997(1)
680 Folsom StreetOfficeSan Francisco, CA— 72,545 219,766 7,917 72,545 227,683 — — 300,228 55,319 2014 2012(1)
145 BroadwayOfficeCambridge, MA— 121 273,013 25,509 23,164 275,479 — — 298,643 9,941 20191997(1)
2200 Pennsylvania AvenueOfficeWashington, DC— 0 183,541 112,436 107,356 188,621 — — 295,977 66,072 20112008(1)
South of Market and Democracy TowerOfficeReston, VA— 13,603 237,479 40,827 13,603 278,306 — — 291,909 107,279 2008-20092003(1)
601 Massachusetts AvenueOfficeWashington, DC— 95,310 165,173 3,933 95,310 169,106 — — 264,416 30,743 2016 2008(1)
Bay Colony Corporate CenterOfficeWaltham, MA— 18,789 148,451 81,302 18,789 229,753 — — 248,542 89,232 1985-19892011(1)
535 Mission StreetOfficeSan Francisco, CA— 40,933 148,378 3,287 40,933 151,665 — — 192,598 31,953 2015 2013(1)
Mountain View Research ParkOfficeMountain View, CA— 95,066 68,373 18,479 95,066 86,852 — — 181,918 21,725 1977-1981/2007-2013 2013(1)
Reservoir PlaceOfficeWaltham, MA— 18,605 104,124 53,079 19,089 156,719 — — 175,808 75,841 1955/1987/2017 1997/1998(1)
1330 Connecticut AvenueOfficeWashington, DC— 25,982 82,311 32,436 25,982 114,747 — — 140,729 36,695 1984/20182004(1)
Kingstowne Towne CenterOfficeAlexandria, VA— 18,021 109,038 3,135 18,021 112,173 — — 130,194 46,430 2003-2006 2007(1)
One Freedom SquareOfficeReston, VA— 9,929 84,504 34,247 9,883 118,797 — — 128,680 61,215 20002003(1)
One and Two Reston OverlookOfficeReston, VA— 16,456 66,192 42,344 15,074 109,918 — — 124,992 56,191 19992000(1)
Weston Corporate CenterOfficeWeston, MA— 25,753 92,312 (5)25,854 92,206 — — 118,060 32,278 20102001(1)
17Fifty Presidents StreetOfficeReston, VA— 0 113,362 0 0 113,362 — — 113,362 3,466 20202013(1)
Two Freedom SquareOfficeReston, VA— 13,930 77,739 19,298 13,866 97,101 — — 110,967 52,128 20012003(1)
140 Kendrick StreetOfficeNeedham, MA— 18,095 66,905 22,468 18,095 89,373 — — 107,468 34,790 20002004(1)
190
Table of Contents
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Schedule 3—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2018
(dollars in thousands)

Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Schedule 3—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Schedule 3—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)
       Original 
Costs
Capitalized
Subsequent
to
Acquisition
 
Land and
Improvements
 
Building
and
Improvements
 
Land Held
for Development
 
Development
and
Construction
in Progress
 Total 
Accumulated
Depreciation
 
Year(s) Built/
Renovated
 Year(s) Acquired 
Depreciable
Lives
(Years)
   OriginalCosts
Capitalized
Subsequent
to
Acquisition		Land and
Improvements		Building
and
Improvements		Land Held
for Development		Development
and
Construction
in Progress		TotalAccumulated
Depreciation		Year(s) Built/
Renovated		Year(s) AcquiredDepreciable
Lives
(Years)
Property Name Type Location Encumbrances Land Building Property NameTypeLocationEncumbrancesLandBuilding
140 Kendrick Street Office Needham, MA —
 18,095
 66,905
 13,563
 18,095
 80,468
 —
 —
 98,563
 31,381
 2000 2004 (1)
355 Main Street Office Cambridge, MA —
 18,863
 53,346
 23,403
 21,098
 74,514
 —
 —
 95,612
 23,620
 1981/1996/2013 2006 (1)355 Main StreetOfficeCambridge, MA— 18,863 53,346 27,295 21,098 78,406 — — 99,504 29,397 1981/1996/20132006(1)
Discovery Square Office Reston, VA —
 11,198
 71,782
 12,208
 11,146
 84,042
 —
 —
 95,188
 38,212
 2001 2003 (1)Discovery SquareOfficeReston, VA— 11,198 71,782 15,197 11,146 87,031 — — 98,177 44,352 20012003(1)
880 & 890 Winter Street880 & 890 Winter StreetOfficeWaltham, MA— 29,510 65,812 1,367 29,510 66,561 618 — 96,689 5,706 1998-19992019(1)
10 CityPoint Office Waltham, MA —
 1,953
 85,752
 4,352
 1,953
 90,104
 —
 —
 92,057
 7,772
 2016  1997 (1)10 CityPointOfficeWaltham, MA— 1,953 85,752 4,581 2,127 90,159 — — 92,286 14,073 2016 1997(1)
90 Broadway Office Cambridge, MA —
 19,104
 52,078
 18,184
 20,741
 68,625
 —
 —
 89,366
 21,265
 1983/1998/2013  2006 (1)90 BroadwayOfficeCambridge, MA— 19,104 52,078 17,898 20,741 68,339 — — 89,080 24,156 1983/1998/2013 2006(1)
77 CityPoint77 CityPointOfficeWaltham, MA— 13,847 60,383 11,832 13,997 72,065 — — 86,062 29,665 20082001(1)
230 CityPoint Office Waltham, MA —
 13,189
 49,823
 20,297
 13,189
 70,120
 —
 —
 83,309
 25,964
 1992 2005 (1)230 CityPointOfficeWaltham, MA— 13,189 49,823 22,341 13,403 71,950 — — 85,353 32,224 19922005(1)
77 CityPoint Office Waltham, MA —
 13,847
 60,383
 5,753
 13,847
 66,136
 —
 —
 79,983
 25,085
 2008 2001 (1)
Waltham Weston Corporate Center Office Waltham, MA —
 10,385
 60,694
 8,462
 10,350
 69,191
 —
 —
 79,541
 32,005
 2003  1999 (1)Waltham Weston Corporate CenterOfficeWaltham, MA— 10,385 60,694 10,164 10,350 70,893 — — 81,243 37,273 2003 1999(1)
3625-3635 Peterson Way Office Santa Clara, CA —
 63,206
 14,879
 673
 63,206
 14,879
 673
 —
 78,758
 8,146
 1979  2016 (1)3625-3635 Peterson WayOfficeSanta Clara, CA— 63,206 14,879 907 63,206 14,879 907 — 78,992 14,198 1979 2016(1)
20 CityPoint20 CityPointOfficeWaltham, MA— 4,887 72,764 0 4,887 72,764 — — 77,651 3,325 20202007(1)
2440 West El Camino Real Office Mountain View, CA —
 16,741
 51,285
 3,411
 16,741
 54,696
 —
 —
 71,437
 12,562
 1987/2003  2011 (1)2440 West El Camino RealOfficeMountain View, CA— 16,741 51,285 5,518 16,741 56,803 — — 73,544 15,215 1987/2003 2011(1)
191 Spring Street191 Spring StreetOfficeLexington, MA— 2,850 59,751 6,911 2,850 66,662 — — 69,512 24,150 1971/1995/2018 1997(1)
300 Binney Street Office Cambridge, MA —
 18,080
 51,262
 140
 18,080
 51,402
 —
 —
 69,482
 9,450
 2013  2009 (1)300 Binney StreetOfficeCambridge, MA— 18,080 51,262 140 18,080 51,402 — — 69,482 12,842 2013 2009(1)
Wisconsin Place Office Chevy Chase, MD —
 —
 53,349
 14,889
 —
 68,238
 —
 —
 68,238
 22,936
 2009 2004 (1)Wisconsin PlaceOfficeChevy Chase, MD— 0 53,349 14,771 0 68,120 — — 68,120 28,305 20092004(1)
191 Spring Street Office Lexington, MA —
 2,850
 59,751
 5,603
 2,850
 65,354
 —
 —
 68,204
 19,435
 1971/1995/2018  1997 (1)
Reston Corporate Center Office Reston, VA —
 9,135
 50,857
 3,625
 9,496
 54,121
 —
 —
 63,617
 27,674
 1984 1998 (1)Reston Corporate CenterOfficeReston, VA— 9,135 50,857 3,625 9,496 54,121 — — 63,617 30,666 19841998(1)
New Dominion Technology Park, Bldg. Two Office Herndon, VA —
 5,584
 51,868
 412
 5,574
 52,290
 —
 —
 57,864
 24,498
 2004 1998 (1)
200 West Street200 West StreetOfficeWaltham, MA— 16,148 24,983 18,441 16,148 28,500 317 14,607 59,572 17,832 19991997(1)
255 Main Street Office Cambridge, MA —
 134
 25,110
 28,016
 134
 53,126
 —
 —
 53,260
 29,776
 1987 1997 (1)255 Main StreetOfficeCambridge, MA— 134 25,110 32,451 134 57,561 — — 57,695 36,887 19871997(1)
200 West Street Office Waltham, MA —
 16,148
 24,983
 8,459
 16,148
 33,442
 —
 —
 49,590
 21,891
 1999  1997 (1)
New Dominion Technology Park, Bldg. One Office Herndon, VA 29,675
 3,880
 43,227
 1,117
 3,880
 44,344
 —
 —
 48,224
 26,852
 2001 1998 (1)
University PlaceUniversity PlaceOfficeCambridge, MA1,491 0 37,091 15,295 6,546 45,840 — — 52,386 30,577 19851998(1)
Sumner Square Office Washington, DC —
 624
 28,745
 16,974
 958
 45,385
 —
 —
 46,343
 24,877
 1985 1999 (1)Sumner SquareOfficeWashington, DC— 624 28,745 18,316 1,731 45,954 — — 47,685 27,744 19851999(1)
University Place Office Cambridge, MA 5,571
 —
 37,091
 7,551
 27
 44,615
 —
 —
 44,642
 27,519
 1985 1998 (1)
2600 Tower Oaks Boulevard Office Rockville, MD —
 4,243
 31,125
 6,517
 4,244
 37,641
 —
 —
 41,885
 21,426
 2001 1998 (1)
North First Business Park Office San Jose, CA —
 23,398
 13,069
 4,590
 23,371
 17,686
 —
 —
 41,057
 16,076
 1981  2007 (1)North First Business ParkOfficeSan Jose, CA— 23,398 13,069 4,557 23,371 17,653 — — 41,024 16,743 1981 2007(1)
Capital GalleryCapital GalleryOfficeWashington, DC— 4,725 29,565 4,016 6,128 32,178 — — 38,306 20,348 1981/20062007(1)
150 Broadway Office Cambridge, MA —
 850
 25,042
 6,535
 822
 31,605
 —
 —
 32,427
 17,909
 1999 1997 (1)150 BroadwayOfficeCambridge, MA— 850 25,042 248 822 25,318 — — 26,140 13,584 19991997(1)
325 Main Street Office Cambridge, MA —
 174
 12,200
 15,666
 772
 22,741
 4,527
 —
 28,040
 13,484
 1987/2013 1997 (1)
105 Broadway Office Cambridge, MA —
 1,299
 12,943
 7,295
 1,868
 19,669
 —
 —
 21,537
 13,432
 1990 1997 (1)105 BroadwayOfficeCambridge, MA— 1,299 12,943 10,617 1,868 22,991 — — 24,859 12,445 19901997(1)
Lexington Office Park Office Lexington, MA —
 998
 1,426
 17,936
 1,073
 19,287
 —
 —
 20,360
 13,430
 1982 1997 (1)Lexington Office ParkOfficeLexington, MA— 998 1,426 17,803 1,073 19,154 — — 20,227 15,076 19821997(1)
201 Spring Street Office Lexington, MA —
 2,849
 15,303
 291
 2,849
 15,594
 —
 —
 18,443
 8,073
 1997 1997 (1)201 Spring StreetOfficeLexington, MA— 2,849 15,303 25 2,849 15,328 — — 18,177 8,672 19971997(1)
The Point Office Waltham, MA —
 6,395
 10,040
 431
 6,480
 10,386
 —
 —
 16,866
 1,031
 2015 2007 (1)The PointOfficeWaltham, MA— 6,395 10,040 421 6,492 10,364 — — 16,856 1,667 20152007(1)
690 Folsom Street Office San Francisco, CA —
 3,219
 11,038
 1,157
 3,219
 12,195
 —
 —
 15,414
 1,790
 2015  2012 (1)690 Folsom StreetOfficeSan Francisco, CA— 3,219 11,038 1,157 3,219 12,195 — — 15,414 2,778 20152012(1)
33 Hayden Avenue33 Hayden AvenueOfficeLexington, MA— 266 3,234 10,929 266 14,163 — — 14,429 5,494 19791997(1)
92-100 Hayden Avenue Office Lexington, MA —
 594
 6,748
 6,526
 619
 13,249
 —
 —
 13,868
 11,629
 1985 1997 (1)92-100 Hayden AvenueOfficeLexington, MA— 594 6,748 6,940 619 13,663 — — 14,282 12,300 19851997(1)
181 Spring Street Office Lexington, MA —
 1,066
 9,520
 1,853
 1,066
 11,373
 —
 —
 12,439
 5,332
 1999 1997 (1)181 Spring StreetOfficeLexington, MA— 1,066 9,520 1,800 1,066 11,320 — — 12,386 5,802 19991997(1)
195 West Street Office Waltham, MA —
 1,611
 6,652
 3,281
 1,611
 9,933
 —
 —
 11,544
 8,084
 1990 1997 (1)195 West StreetOfficeWaltham, MA— 1,611 6,652 3,232 1,611 9,884 — — 11,495 8,306 19901997(1)
33 Hayden Avenue Office Lexington, MA —
 266
 3,234
 7,586
 266
 10,820
 —
 —
 11,086
 8,877
 1979 1997 (1)
7501 Boston Boulevard, Building Seven Office Springfield, VA —
 665
 9,273
 314
 665
 9,587
 —
 —
 10,252
 4,995
 1997 1997 (1)7501 Boston Boulevard, Building SevenOfficeSpringfield, VA— 665 9,273 314 665 9,587 — — 10,252 5,520 19971997(1)
7435 Boston Boulevard, Building One7435 Boston Boulevard, Building OneOfficeSpringfield, VA— 392 3,822 4,323 486 8,051 — — 8,537 6,561 19821997(1)
32 Hartwell Avenue32 Hartwell AvenueOfficeLexington, MA— 168 1,943 6,358 168 8,301 — — 8,469 2,199 1968/1979/19871997(1)
7450 Boston Boulevard, Building Three7450 Boston Boulevard, Building ThreeOfficeSpringfield, VA— 1,165 4,681 2,177 1,327 6,696 — — 8,023 3,983 19871998(1)
191
Table of Contents
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Schedule 3—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2018
(dollars in thousands)

Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Schedule 3—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Schedule 3—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)
       Original 
Costs
Capitalized
Subsequent
to
Acquisition
 
Land and
Improvements
 
Building
and
Improvements
 
Land Held
for Development
 
Development
and
Construction
in Progress
 Total 
Accumulated
Depreciation
 
Year(s) Built/
Renovated
 Year(s) Acquired 
Depreciable
Lives
(Years)
   OriginalCosts
Capitalized
Subsequent
to
Acquisition		Land and
Improvements		Building
and
Improvements		Land Held
for Development		Development
and
Construction
in Progress		TotalAccumulated
Depreciation		Year(s) Built/
Renovated		Year(s) AcquiredDepreciable
Lives
(Years)
Property Name Type Location Encumbrances Land Building Property NameTypeLocationEncumbrancesLandBuilding
7450 Boston Boulevard, Building Three Office Springfield, VA —
 1,165
 4,681
 2,864
 1,327
 7,383
 —
 —
 8,710
 3,628
 1987 1998 (1)
7435 Boston Boulevard, Building One Office Springfield, VA —
 392
 3,822
 4,044
 486
 7,772
 —
 —
 8,258
 5,748
 1982 1997 (1)
250 Binney Street250 Binney StreetOfficeCambridge, MA— 110 4,483 2,939 110 7,422 — — 7,532 6,030 19831997(1)
8000 Grainger Court, Building Five Office Springfield, VA —
 366
 4,282
 2,942
 453
 7,137
 —
 —
 7,590
 5,720
 1984 1997 (1)8000 Grainger Court, Building FiveOfficeSpringfield, VA— 366 4,282 2,604 453 6,799 — — 7,252 5,756 19841997(1)
250 Binney Street Office Cambridge, MA —
 110
 4,483
 2,939
 110
 7,422
 —
 —
 7,532
 5,291
 1983 1997 (1)
453 Ravendale Drive Office Mountain View, CA —
 5,477
 1,090
 676
 5,477
 1,766
 —
 —
 7,243
 558
 1977 2012 (1)453 Ravendale DriveOfficeMountain View, CA— 5,477 1,090 676 5,477 1,766 — — 7,243 819 19772012(1)
7300 Boston Boulevard, Building Thirteen Office Springfield, VA —
 608
 4,773
 1,226
 608
 5,999
 —
 —
 6,607
 2,959
 2002 1997 (1)7300 Boston Boulevard, Building ThirteenOfficeSpringfield, VA— 608 4,773 863 608 5,636 — — 6,244 2,209 20021997(1)
17 Hartwell Avenue Office Lexington, MA —
 26
 150
 5,907
 26
 6,057
 —
 —
 6,083
 1,406
 1968 1997 (1)17 Hartwell AvenueOfficeLexington, MA— 26 150 5,907 26 6,057 — — 6,083 2,442 19681997(1)
7601 Boston Boulevard, Building Eight Office Springfield, VA —
 200
 878
 4,680
 378
 5,380
 —
 —
 5,758
 4,318
 1986 1997 (1)7601 Boston Boulevard, Building EightOfficeSpringfield, VA— 200 878 4,342 378 5,042 — — 5,420 4,643 19861997(1)
7500 Boston Boulevard, Building Six Office Springfield, VA —
 138
 3,749
 1,140
 273
 4,754
 —
 —
 5,027
 3,991
 1985 1997 (1)7500 Boston Boulevard, Building SixOfficeSpringfield, VA— 138 3,749 1,107 234 4,760 — — 4,994 4,249 19851997(1)
8000 Corporate Court, Building Eleven Office Springfield, VA —
 136
 3,071
 1,245
 686
 3,766
 —
 —
 4,452
 2,961
 1989 1997 (1)8000 Corporate Court, Building ElevenOfficeSpringfield, VA— 136 3,071 1,298 686 3,819 — — 4,505 3,217 19891997(1)
7375 Boston Boulevard, Building Ten Office Springfield, VA —
 23
 2,685
 811
 47
 3,472
 —
 —
 3,519
 2,552
 1988 1997 (1)7375 Boston Boulevard, Building TenOfficeSpringfield, VA— 23 2,685 854 47 3,515 — — 3,562 2,676 19881997(1)
7374 Boston Boulevard, Building Four Office Springfield, VA —
 241
 1,605
 1,445
 303
 2,988
 —
 —
 3,291
 2,594
 1984 1997 (1)7374 Boston Boulevard, Building FourOfficeSpringfield, VA— 241 1,605 1,438 303 2,981 — — 3,284 2,765 19841997(1)
7451 Boston Boulevard, Building Two Office Springfield, VA —
 249
 1,542
 1,346
 535
 2,602
 —
 —
 3,137
 2,449
 1982 1997 (1)7451 Boston Boulevard, Building TwoOfficeSpringfield, VA— 249 1,542 1,345 535 2,601 — — 3,136 2,609 19821997(1)
32 Hartwell Avenue Office Lexington, MA —
 168
 1,943
 231
 168
 2,174
 —
 —
 2,342
 1,676
 1968/1979/1987  1997 (1)
164 Lexington Road Office Billerica, MA —
 592
 1,370
 117
 592
 1,487
 —
 —
 2,079
 853
 1982 1997 (1)
The SkylyneThe SkylyneResidentialOakland, CA— 28,962 239,077 0 28,962 239,077 — — 268,039 2,128 2020N/A(1)
Signature at Reston Residential Reston, VA —
 27,076
 190,580
 —
 27,076
 190,580
 —
 —
 217,656
 3,938
 2018 2013 (1)Signature at RestonResidentialReston, VA— 27,076 190,580 659 27,076 191,239 — — 218,315 13,650 20182013(1)
Proto Kendall Square Residential Cambridge, MA —
 9,243
 127,248
 —
 9,243
 127,248
 —
 —
 136,491
 1,324
 2018 2015 (1)Proto Kendall SquareResidentialCambridge, MA— 9,243 127,248 3,336 9,245 130,582 — — 139,827 7,883 20182015(1)
The Avant at Reston Town Center Residential Reston, VA —
 20,350
 91,995
 830
 20,350
 92,825
 —
 —
 113,175
 12,254
 2014 2010 (1)The Avant at Reston Town CenterResidentialReston, VA— 20,350 91,995 846 20,350 92,841 — — 113,191 17,204 20142010(1)
The Lofts at Atlantic Wharf Residential Boston, MA —
 3,529
 54,891
 1,768
 3,529
 56,659
 —
 —
 60,188
 11,131
 2011 2007 (1)The Lofts at Atlantic WharfResidentialBoston, MA— 3,529 54,891 2,129 3,529 57,020 — — 60,549 14,166 20112007(1)
Boston Marriott Cambridge Hotel Cambridge, MA —
 478
 37,918
 33,806
 478
 71,724
 —
 —
 72,202
 45,868
 1986/2017 1997 (1)Boston Marriott CambridgeHotelCambridge, MA— 478 37,918 32,595 478 70,513 — — 70,991 48,286 1986/20171997(1)
Kendall Center Green Garage Garage Cambridge, MA —
 —
 35,035
 7,034
 —
 42,069
 —
 —
 42,069
 12,108
 1984 2006 (1)Kendall Center Green GarageGarageCambridge, MA— 0 35,035 6,432 0 41,467 — — 41,467 14,327 19842006(1)
Kendall Center Yellow Garage Garage Cambridge, MA —
 1,256
 15,697
 909
 1,256
 16,606
 —
 —
 17,862
 5,472
 2006 2004 (1)Kendall Center Yellow GarageGarageCambridge, MA— 1,256 15,697 840 1,256 16,537 — — 17,793 6,287 20062004(1)
Kendall Center Blue Garage Garage Cambridge, MA —
 1,163
 11,633
 480
 1,163
 12,113
 —
 —
 13,276
 9,030
 1990 1997 (1)Kendall Center Blue GarageGarageCambridge, MA— 1,163 11,633 446 1,163 12,079 — — 13,242 9,576 19901997(1)
145 Broadway Development Cambridge, MA —
 121
 —
 223,642
 121
 —
 —
 223,642
 223,763
 —
 N/A 1997 N/A
MacArthur Station Residences Development Oakland, CA —
 —
 —
 87,159
 —
 —
 —
 87,159
 87,159
 —
 N/A  N/A N/A
20 CityPoint Development Waltham, MA —
 —
 6,287
 46,024
 —
 6,287
 —
 46,024
 52,311
 —
 N/A  2007 N/A
Reston Gateway Development Reston, VA —
 —
 —
 25,167
 —
 —
 —
 25,167
 25,167
 —
 N/A 1998 N/A
17Fifty Presidents Street Development Reston, VA —
 —
 —
 25,120
 —
 —
 —
 25,120
 25,120
 —
 N/A 2013 N/A
Reston Next (formerly Reston Gateway)Reston Next (formerly Reston Gateway)DevelopmentReston, VA— 0 0 354,174 0 0 — 354,174 354,174 0 N/A1998N/A
2100 Pennsylvania Avenue2100 Pennsylvania AvenueDevelopmentWashington, DC— 0 0 294,445 185,129 0 — 109,316 294,445 3,481 N/A N/AN/A
325 Main Street325 Main StreetDevelopmentCambridge, MA— 174 0 161,275 772 0 — 160,677 161,449 0 N/A1997N/A
777 Harrison Street (formerly 425 Fourth Street)777 Harrison Street (formerly 425 Fourth Street)LandSan Francisco, CA— 144,647 0 25,930 0 47 170,530 — 170,577 0 N/A2020N/A
North First Master Plan Land San Jose, CA —
 35,004
 —
 3,932
 —
 —
 38,936
 —
 38,936
 —
 N/A  2007 N/ANorth First Master PlanLandSan Jose, CA— 35,004 0 3,937 0 0 38,941 — 38,941 0 N/A 2007N/A
Plaza at Almaden Land San Jose, CA —
 —
 —
 29,928
 —
 —
 29,928
 —
 29,928
 —
 N/A 2006 N/APlaza at AlmadenLandSan Jose, CA— 0 0 36,431 0 0 36,431 — 36,431 0 N/A2006N/A
Back Bay Station Master PlanBack Bay Station Master PlanLandBoston, MA— 0 0 30,643 0 0 30,643 — 30,643 0 N/AN/AN/A
Reston Gateway Master PlanReston Gateway Master PlanLandReston, VA— 0 0 28,610 0 0 28,610 — 28,610 0 N/A1998N/A
Springfield Metro CenterSpringfield Metro CenterLandSpringfield, VA— 0 0 19,871 0 0 19,871 — 19,871 0 N/A 2007N/A
214 Third Avenue214 Third AvenueLandWaltham, MA— 0 0 19,206 0 0 19,206 — 19,206 0 N/A 2006N/A
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Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Schedule 3—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2018
(dollars in thousands)

        Original 
Costs
Capitalized
Subsequent
to
Acquisition
 
Land and
Improvements
 
Building
and
Improvements
 
Land Held
for Development
 
Development
and
Construction
in Progress
 Total 
Accumulated
Depreciation
 
Year(s) Built/
Renovated
 Year(s) Acquired 
Depreciable
Lives
(Years)
Property Name Type Location Encumbrances Land Building 
Springfield Metro Center Land Springfield, VA —
 —
 —
 19,823
 —
 —
 19,823
 —
 19,823
 —
 N/A  2007 N/A
214 Third Avenue Land Waltham, MA —
 —
 —
 15,233
 —
 —
 15,233
 —
 15,233
 —
 N/A  2006 N/A
Platform 16 Land San Jose, CA —
 —
 —
 12,962
 —
 —
 12,962
 —
 12,962
 —
 N/A 2018 N/A
103 Fourth Avenue Land Waltham, MA —
 —
 —
 12,208
 —
 —
 12,208
 —
 12,208
 —
 N/A  2007 N/A
Reston Gateway Master Plan Land Reston, VA —
 —
 —
 11,014
 —
 —
 11,014
 —
 11,014
 —
 N/A  1998 N/A
Fourth and Harrison Land San Francisco, CA —
 —
 —
 10,350
 —
 —
 10,350
 —
 10,350
 —
 N/A  N/A N/A
2100 Pennsylvania Avenue Land Washington, DC —
 —
 —
 9,700
 —
 —
 9,700
 —
 9,700
 —
 N/A  N/A N/A
Crane Meadow Land Marlborough, MA —
 —
 —
 8,852
 —
 —
 8,852
 —
 8,852
 —
 N/A  2000 N/A
Washingtonian North Land Gaithersburg, MD —
 —
 —
 7,473
 —
 —
 7,473
 —
 7,473
 —
 N/A  1998 N/A
Broad Run Business Park Land Loudoun County, VA —
 —
 —
 2,388
 —
 —
 2,388
 —
 2,388
 —
 N/A  1998 N/A
Kendall Center Master Plan Land Cambridge, MA —
 —
 —
 2,199
 —
 —
 2,199
 —
 2,199
 —
 N/A 1997 N/A
Weston Quarry Land Weston, MA —
 —
 —
 1,237
 —
 —
 1,237
 —
 1,237
 —
 N/A  2001 N/A
Reston Overlook Master Plan Land Reston, VA —
 —
 —
 39
 —
 —
 39
 —
 39
 —
 N/A  2000 N/A
                               
      $2,964,572
(2)$4,959,995
 $12,763,317
 $3,483,877
 $4,971,475
 $15,456,420
 $200,498
(3)$578,796
 $21,207,189
 $4,773,800
      
                               
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Schedule 3—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)
   OriginalCosts
Capitalized
Subsequent
to
Acquisition		Land and
Improvements		Building
and
Improvements		Land Held
for Development		Development
and
Construction
in Progress		TotalAccumulated
Depreciation		Year(s) Built/
Renovated		Year(s) AcquiredDepreciable
Lives
(Years)
Property NameTypeLocationEncumbrancesLandBuilding
CityPoint South Master PlanLandWaltham, MA— 0 0 13,363 0 0 13,363 — 13,363 0 N/AN/AN/A
103 Fourth AvenueLandWaltham, MA— 0 0 12,888 0 0 12,888 — 12,888 0 N/A 2007N/A
Broad Run Business ParkLandLoudoun County, VA— 0 0 2,392 0 0 2,392 — 2,392 0 N/A 1998N/A
Kendall Center Master PlanLandCambridge, MA— 0 0 2,145 0 0 2,145 — 2,145 0 N/A1997N/A
Weston QuarryLandWeston, MA— 0 0 1,249 0 0 1,249 — 1,249 0 N/A 2001N/A
Reston Overlook Master PlanLandReston, VA— 0 0 42 0 0 42 — 42 0 N/A 2000N/A
$2,909,081 (2)$5,160,116 $13,196,160 $4,570,218 $5,332,487 (3)$16,274,280 (4)$450,954 (5)$868,773 $22,926,494 $5,396,111 



Note: Total Real Estate does not include Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment totaling approximately $44,351.$49,606. Accumulated Depreciation does not include approximately $26,675$32,465 of accumulated depreciation related to Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment.

The aggregate cost and accumulated depreciation for tax purposes was approximately $19.9$23.0 billion and $4.3$5.0 billion, respectively.
(1)Depreciation of the buildings and improvements are calculated over lives ranging from the life of the lease to 40 years.
(2)Includes unamortized deferred financing costs totaling approximately $(30.8) million.
(3)Includes pre-development costs.



(1)Depreciation of the buildings and improvements are calculated over lives ranging from the life of the lease to 40 years.
(2)Includes unamortized deferred financing costs totaling approximately $(22.9) million.
(3)Includes Right of Use Assets - Finance Leases and Right of Use Assets - Operating Leases of approximately $214,091 and $148,640, respectively.
(4)Includes Right of Use Assets - Finance Leases of approximately $23,302.
(5)Includes pre-development costs.

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Table of Contents
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 20162018
(dollars in thousands)
A summary of activity for real estate and accumulated depreciation is as follows:
 
 2018 2017 2016202020192018
Real Estate:      Real Estate:
Balance at the beginning of the year $20,647,236
 $19,701,185
 $19,031,289
Balance at the beginning of the year$22,449,476 $21,207,189 $20,647,236 
Additions to/improvements of real estate 1,043,379
 1,099,286
 977,287
Additions to/improvements of real estate996,989 1,671,898 1,043,379 
Assets sold/written-off (483,426) (153,235) (307,391)Assets sold/written-off(519,971)(429,611)(483,426)
Balance at the end of the year $21,207,189
 $20,647,236
 $19,701,185
Balance at the end of the year$22,926,494 $22,449,476 $21,207,189 
Accumulated Depreciation:      Accumulated Depreciation:
Balance at the beginning of the year $4,473,895
 $4,116,020
 $3,826,862
Balance at the beginning of the year$5,135,289 $4,773,800 $4,473,895 
Depreciation expense 525,584
 488,919
 548,397
Depreciation expense566,813 557,130 525,584 
Assets sold/written-off (225,679) (131,044) (259,239)Assets sold/written-off(305,991)(195,641)(225,679)
Balance at the end of the year $4,773,800
 $4,473,895
 $4,116,020
Balance at the end of the year$5,396,111 $5,135,289 $4,773,800 
Note: Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation amounts do not include Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment.




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Table of Contents
(b) Exhibits
 

2.1
—
Transfer Agreement, dated May 31, 2013, by and among BP 767 Fifth LLC, Sungate Fifth Avenue LLC, 767 LLC and BP/DC 767 Fifth LLC. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties, Inc. filed on June 3, 2013.)
2.2
—
Purchase and Sale Agreement by and among NBIM Walker 601 LEX NYC LLC, NBIM Walker 100 FED BOS LLC, NBIM Walker ATW BOS LLC and Boston Properties Limited Partnership, dated September 16, 2014. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on September 18, 2014.)
3.1
—
Form of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Boston Properties, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-11, File No. 333-25279.)
3.2
—
Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations of Series E Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock of Boston Properties, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 18, 2007.)
3.3
—
Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Boston Properties, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 20, 2010.)
3.4
—
Certificate of Designations of 92,000 shares of 5.25% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock of Boston Properties, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registration Statement on Form 8-A of Boston Properties, Inc. filed on March 22, 2013.)
3.5
—
Third Amended and Restated By-laws of Boston Properties, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties, Inc. filed on May 19, 2016.)
3.6
—
Amendment No. 1 to Third Amended and Restated By-laws of Boston Properties, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on March 24, 2020.)
3.7 —
Form of Certificate of Designations for Series A Preferred Stock. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.26 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 1998.)
4.1
—
Form of Common Stock Certificate. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-11, File No. 333-25279.)
4.2
—
Description of the Securities of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on March 2, 2020.)
4.3 —
Master Deposit Agreement among Boston Properties, Inc., Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., collectively, as depositary, and the holders from time to time of depositary shares as described therein, dated March 22, 2013. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form 8-A of Boston Properties, Inc. filed on March 22, 2013.)
4.34.4 
—
Indenture, dated as of December 13, 2002, by and between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York, as Trustee. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on December 13, 2002.)
4.44.5 
—
Supplemental Indenture No. 9, dated as of April 19, 2010, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, including a form of the 5.625% Senior Note due 2020. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on April 19, 2010.)
4.5
—
Supplemental Indenture No. 10, dated as of November 18, 2010, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, including a form of the 4.125% Senior Note due 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on November 18, 2010.)
4.6
—
Supplemental Indenture No. 12, dated as of June 11, 2012, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, including a form of the 3.85% Senior Note due 2023. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on June 11, 2012.)
4.74.6 
—
Supplemental Indenture No. 13, dated as of April 11, 2013, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, including a form of the 3.125% Senior Note due 2023. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on April 11, 2013.)


4.7 
4.8
—
Supplemental Indenture No. 14, dated as of June 27, 2013, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, including a form of the 3.800% Senior Note due 2024. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on July 1, 2013.)
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Table of Contents
4.94.8 
—
Supplemental Indenture No. 15, dated as of January 20, 2016, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, including a form of the 3.650% Senior Note due 2026. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on January 20, 2016.)
4.104.9 
—
Supplemental Indenture No. 16, dated as of August 17, 2016, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee; including a form of the 2.750% Senior Note due 2026. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties Limited Partnership and Boston Properties, Inc. filed on August 17, 2016.)
4.114.10 
—
Supplemental Indenture No. 17, dated as of December 4, 2017, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee; including a form of the 3.200% Senior Note due 2025. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties Limited Partnership and Boston Properties, Inc. filed on December 4, 2017.)
4.124.11 
—
Supplemental Indenture No. 18, dated as of November 28, 2018, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee; including a form of the 4.500% Senior Note due 2028. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties Limited Partnership and Boston Properties, Inc. filed on November 28, 2018.)
10.14.12 
—
Supplemental Indenture No. 19, dated as of June 21, 2019, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee; including a form of the 3.400% Senior Note due 2029. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties Limited Partnership and Boston Properties, Inc. filed on June 21, 2019.)
4.13 —
Supplemental Indenture No. 20, dated as of September 3, 2019, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee; including a form of the 2.900% Senior Note due 2030. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties Limited Partnership and Boston Properties, Inc. filed on September 3, 2019.)
4.14 —
Supplemental Indenture No. 21, dated as of May 5, 2020, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee; including a form of the 3.250% Senior Note due 2031. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on May 5, 2020.)
10.1 —
Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Boston Properties Limited Partnership, dated as of June 29, 1998. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 15, 1998.)
10.2
—
Certificate of Designations for the Series Four Preferred Units, dated as of August 29, 2012, constituting an amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Boston Properties Limited Partnership. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the CurrentQuarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Boston Properties, Inc. filed on November 8, 2012.)
10.3
—
Certificate of Designations for the 5.25% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units, dated as of March 20, 2013, constituting an amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Boston Properties Limited Partnership. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties, Inc. filed on March 22, 2013.)
10.4
—
Forty-Seventh Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Boston Properties Limited Partnership, dated as of April 11, 2003, by Boston Properties, Inc., as general partner. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 14, 2003.)
10.5
—
Seventy-Seventh Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Boston Properties Limited Partnership, dated as of January 24, 2008, by Boston Properties, Inc., as general partner. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 29, 2008.)
10.6
—
Ninety-Eighth Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Boston Properties Limited Partnership, dated as of October 21, 2010. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 5, 2010.)
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10.7
—
One Hundred Forty-Ninth Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Boston Properties Limited Partnership, dated as of December 15, 2017. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2018.)
10.8*
—
Second Amendment and Restatement of Boston Properties, Inc. 1997 Stock Option and Incentive Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on April 6, 2007.)
10.9*—
Boston Properties, Inc. 2012 Stock Option and Incentive Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on March 30, 2012.)
10.9*10.10*
—
Boston Properties, Inc. 1999 Non-Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.59 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2005.)


10.11*
10.10*
—
First Amendment to the Boston Properties, Inc. 1999 Non-Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.60 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2005.)
10.11*10.12*
—
Second Amendment to the Boston Properties, Inc. 1999 Non-Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.61 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2005.)
10.12*10.13*
—
Boston Properties Deferred Compensation Plan, Amended and Restated Effective as of January 1, 2009. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 2, 2009.)
10.13*10.14*
—
Employment Agreement by and between Douglas T. Linde and Boston Properties, Inc. dated as of November 29, 2002. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2003.)
10.14*10.15*
—
First Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2007, by and between Boston Properties, Inc. and Douglas T. Linde. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2007.)
10.15*10.16*
—
Second Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2008, by and between Boston Properties, Inc. and Douglas T. Linde. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 2, 2009.)
10.16*10.17*
—
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and between Raymond A. Ritchey and Boston Properties, Inc. dated as of November 29, 2002. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2003.)
10.17*10.18*
—
First Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2007, by and between Boston Properties, Inc. and Raymond A. Ritchey. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2007.)
10.18*10.19*
—
Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2008, by and between Boston Properties, Inc. and Raymond A. Ritchey. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 2, 2009.)
10.19*10.20*
—
Employment Agreement by and between Michael E. LaBelle and Boston Properties, Inc. dated as of January 24, 2008. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 29, 2008.)
10.20*10.21*
—
First Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2008, by and between Boston Properties, Inc. and Michael E. LaBelle. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 2, 2009.)
10.21*10.22*
—
Employment Agreement by and between Peter D. Johnston and Boston Properties, Inc. dated as of August 25, 2005. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2005.)
10.22*10.23*
—
First Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2007, by and between Boston Properties, Inc. and Peter D. Johnston. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2007.)
10.23*10.24*
—
Second Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2008, by and between Boston Properties, Inc. and Peter D. Johnston. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 2, 2009.)
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Table of Contents
10.24*10.25*
—
Employment Agreement by and between Bryan J. Koop and Boston Properties, Inc. dated as of November 29, 2002. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2003.)
10.25*10.26*
—
First Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2007, by and between Boston Properties, Inc. and Bryan J. Koop. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2007.)
10.26*10.27*
—
Second Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2008, by and between Boston Properties, Inc. and Bryan J. Koop. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 2, 2009.)


10.28*
10.27*
—
Employment Agreement by and between Robert E. Pester and Boston Properties, Inc. dated as of December 16, 2002. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2003.)
10.28*10.29*
—
First Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2007, by and between Boston Properties, Inc. and Robert E. Pester. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2007.)
10.29*10.30*
—
Second Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2008, by and between Boston Properties, Inc. and Robert E. Pester. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 2, 2009.)
10.30*10.31*
—
Employment Agreement by and between John F. Powers and Boston Properties, Inc. dated as of January 2, 2018. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to Boston Properties, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2018.)
10.31*10.32*
—
Employment Agreement by and between Owen D. Thomas and Boston Properties, Inc. dated as of April 2, 2018. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Boston Properties, Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 8, 2018.)
10.32*10.33*
—
Boston Properties, Inc. Senior Executive Severance Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2003.)
10.33*10.34*
—
First Amendment to the Boston Properties, Inc. Senior Executive Severance Plan, dated as of October 18, 2007. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2007.)
10.34*10.35*
—
Second Amendment to the Boston Properties, Inc. Senior Executive Severance Plan, dated as of December 15, 2008. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.52 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 2, 2009.)
10.35*10.36*
—
Third Amendment to the Boston Properties, Inc. Senior Executive Severance Plan, dated as of January 8, 2014. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.48 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2014.)
10.36*10.37*
—
Boston Properties, Inc. Executive Severance Plan, dated as of July 30, 1998. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2003.)
10.37*10.38*
—
First Amendment to the Boston Properties, Inc. Executive Severance Plan, dated as of October 18, 2007. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2007.)
10.38*10.39*
—
Second Amendment to the Boston Properties, Inc. Executive Severance Plan, dated as of January 8, 2014. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.51 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2014.)
10.39*10.40*
—
Boston Properties, Inc. Officer Severance Plan, dated as of July 30, 1998. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2007.)
10.40*10.41*
—
First Amendment to the Boston Properties, Inc. Officer Severance Plan, dated as of October 18, 2007. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2007.)
10.41*10.42*
—
Second Amendment to the Boston Properties, Inc. Officer Severance Plan, dated as of December 15, 2008. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.57 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 2, 2009.)
10.4210.43*
—
Form of Indemnification Agreement by and among Boston Properties, Inc., Boston Properties Limited Partnership and certain officers and directors of the Company. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.110.43 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s QuarterlyAnnual Report on Form 10-Q10-K filed on August 9, 2004.March 2, 2020.)
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Table of Contents
10.43*10.44*
—
Director Appointment Agreement, dated as of January 20, 2011, by and between Matthew J. Lustig and Boston Properties, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.55 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 25, 2011.)
10.4410.45*
—
Boston Properties, Inc. Non-Employee Director Compensation Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Appendix B to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on April 5, 2019.)
10.46 —
Eighth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of April 24, 2017, among Boston Properties Limited Partnership and the lenders identified therein. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on April 25, 2017.)


21.1 
21.1
—
Subsidiaries of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership (Filed herewith.)
23.1
—
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting firm for Boston Properties, Inc. (Filed herewith.)
23.2
—
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting firm for Boston Properties Limited Partnership. (Filed herewith.)
31.1
—
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Boston Properties, Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (Filed herewith.)
31.2
—
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Boston Properties, Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (Filed herewith.)
31.3
—
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Boston Properties Limited Partnership pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (Filed herewith.)
31.4
—
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Boston Properties Limited Partnership pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (Filed herewith.)
32.1
—
Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Boston Properties, Inc. pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (Furnished herewith.)
32.2
—
Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Boston Properties, Inc. pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (Furnished herewith.)
32.3
—
Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Boston Properties Limited Partnership pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (Furnished herewith.)
32.4
—
Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Boston Properties Limited Partnership pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (Furnished herewith.)
101101.SCH
—		—The following materials from Boston Properties, Inc.’s and Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s Annual Reports on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 formatted inInline XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Partners’ Capital, (vi) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vii) related notes to these financial statements.Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. (Filed herewith.)
101.CAL—Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. (Filed herewith.)
101.LAB—Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. (Filed herewith.)
101.PRE—Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. (Filed herewith.)
101.DEF—Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. (Filed herewith.)
104 —Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101.*). (Filed herewith.)
* Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed or incorporated by reference as an exhibit to this Form 10-K pursuant to Item 15(b) of Form 10-K.

Item 16. Form 10-K SummarySummary.
Not Applicable.



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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Boston Properties, Inc. has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
BOSTON PROPERTIES, INC.
February 28, 201926, 2021
/s/    MICHAEL E. LABELLE        
Michael E. LaBelle
Chief Financial Officer
(duly authorized officer and principal financial officer)


Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of Boston Properties, Inc., and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
February 26, 2021
February 28, 2019
By:
/s/   OWEN D. THOMAS        
Owen D. Thomas
Director, Chief Executive Officer and Principal Executive Officer
By:
/s/    DOUGLAS T. LINDE        
Douglas T. Linde
Director and President
By:
/s/    KELLY A. AYOTTE
Kelly A. Ayotte
Director
By:
/s/    BRUCE W. DUNCAN
Bruce W. Duncan
Director
By:
/s/   KAREN E. DYKSTRA       
Karen E. Dykstra
Director
By:
/s/    CAROL B. EINIGER
Carol B. Einiger
Director
By:
/s/    DR. JACOB A. FRENKEL        
Dr. Jacob A. Frenkel
Director
By:
    /s/    JOEL I. KLEIN 
Joel I. Klein
Director

By:
By:
/s/   MATTHEW J. LUSTIG        OWEN D. THOMAS        
Owen D. Thomas
Director, Chief Executive Officer and Principal Executive Officer
By:
/s/    DOUGLAS T. LINDE        
Douglas T. Linde
Director and President
By:
/s/    KELLY A. AYOTTE
Kelly A. Ayotte
Director
By:
/s/    BRUCE W. DUNCAN
Bruce W. Duncan
Director
By:
/s/   KAREN E. DYKSTRA       
Karen E. Dykstra
Director
By:
/s/    CAROL B. EINIGER
Carol B. Einiger
Director
By:
/s/    DIANE J. HOSKINS
Diane J. Hoskins
Director
By:
    /s/    JOEL I. KLEIN 
Joel I. Klein
Chairman of the Board
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Table of Contents
By:
/s/    MATTHEW J. LUSTIG        
Matthew J. Lustig
Director
By:
Director/s/    DAVID A. TWARDOCK        
David A. Twardock
Director
By:
By:
/s/    MARTIN TURCHIN        WILLIAM H. WALTON, III
William H. Walton, III
Director
By:
Martin Turchin
Director/s/    MICHAEL E. LABELLE        
By:
/s/    DAVID A. TWARDOCK        
David A. Twardock
Director
By:
/s/    MICHAEL E. LABELLE        
Michael E. LaBelle

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and

Principal Financial Officer
By:
/s/    MICHAEL R. WALSH  
By:
/s/    MICHAEL R. WALSH  
Michael R. Walsh

Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and

Principal Accounting Officer

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Table of Contents


SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Boston Properties Limited Partnership has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
By: Boston Properties, Inc., its General Partner
February 28, 201926, 2021
/s/    MICHAEL E. LABELLE        
Michael E. LaBelle
Chief Financial Officer

(duly authorized officer and principal financial officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of Boston Properties, Inc., as general partner of Boston Properties Limited Partnership, and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
February 26, 2021
February 28, 2019
By:By:
/s/   OWEN D. THOMAS        
Owen D. Thomas

Director, Chief Executive Officer and Principal Executive Officer
By:
/s/    DOUGLAS T. LINDE        
By:
/s/    DOUGLAS T. LINDE        
Douglas T. Linde

Director and President
By:
/s/    KELLY A. AYOTTE
Kelly A. Ayotte
Director
By:
/s/    BRUCE W. DUNCAN
Bruce W. Duncan
Director
By:
/s/   KAREN E. DYKSTRA       
Karen E. Dykstra
Director
By:
/s/    CAROL B. EINIGER
Carol B. Einiger
Director
By:
/s/    DR. JACOB A. FRENKEL        
Dr. Jacob A. Frenkel
Director
By:
    /s/    JOEL I. KLEIN 
Joel I. Klein
Director

By:
/s/    MATTHEW J. LUSTIG        KELLY A. AYOTTE
Kelly A. Ayotte
Director
By:
/s/    BRUCE W. DUNCAN
Bruce W. Duncan
Director
By:
/s/   KAREN E. DYKSTRA       
Karen E. Dykstra
Director
By:
/s/    CAROL B. EINIGER
Carol B. Einiger
Director
By:
/s/    DIANE J. HOSKINS
Diane J. Hoskins
Director
By:
    /s/    JOEL I. KLEIN 
Joel I. Klein
Chairman of the Board
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Table of Contents
By:
/s/    MATTHEW J. LUSTIG        
Matthew J. Lustig
Director
By:
Director/s/    DAVID A. TWARDOCK        
David A. Twardock
Director
By:
By:
/s/    MARTIN TURCHIN        WILLIAM H. WALTON, III
William H. Walton, III
Director
By:
Martin Turchin
Director/s/    MICHAEL E. LABELLE        
By:
/s/    DAVID A. TWARDOCK        
David A. Twardock
Director
By:
/s/    MICHAEL E. LABELLE        
Michael E. LaBelle

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and

Principal Financial Officer
By:
/s/    MICHAEL R. WALSH  
By:
/s/    MICHAEL R. WALSH  
Michael R. Walsh

Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and

Principal Accounting Officer


202203