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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K/A (Amendment No. 1)

(Mark One)

x ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020

¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 2023

OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______________ to ______________

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Numberfile number 001-39668

ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP.

Archer Aviation Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware85-2730902

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(IRSI.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

190 West Tasman Drive, San Jose, CA95134
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)

399 Park Avenue

New York, New York 10022

(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

(212) 883-3800

(Registrant’s


(650) 272-3233
Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

code

N/A

(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Units, each consisting of one share of Class A Common Stock and one-third of one Redeemable Warrantcommon stock, par value $0.0001 per shareACHRACIC.UThe New York Stock Exchange
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per shareACICThe New York Stock Exchange
Warrants, each whole warrant exercisable for one share of Class A Common Stock forcommon stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per shareACHR WSACIC WSThe New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrantregistrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports),; and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Act.
Large accelerated filer¨Accelerated filer¨
Non-accelerated filerxSmaller reporting companyx
Emerging growth companyx

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes x No ¨

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was not a public company as of June 30, 2020 and therefore it cannot calculate2023, the aggregate market valuelast business date of its voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates as ofthe registrant’s recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $839.9 million, based on the closing price reported for such date.

date on the New York Stock Exchange.

As of March 5, 2021, there were 50,000,000February 23, 2024, the number of shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock par value $0.0001 per share,outstanding was 272,319,871, and 12,500,000the number of shares of the registrant’s Class B common stock par value $0.0001 per share issued and outstanding.

outstanding was 38,254,915.

Documents Incorporated by Reference

EXPLANATORY NOTE

Atlas Crest Investment Corp.

Part III of this Form 10-K (the “Company,” “Atlas Crest,” “we”, “our”“Annual Report”) incorporates by reference certain information from the Registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement (“Proxy Statement”) relating to the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders or “us”) is filingan amendment to this Amendment No. 1 to its Annual Report onreport under cover of Form 10-K/A (this “Amendment”) to amendbe filed within 120 days of the end of its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the periodfiscal year ended December 31, 2020, originally filed with2023.


Archer Aviation Inc.
10-K
For the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), on March 8, 2021, or the Original Filing, to restate (i) its financial statements as ofFiscal Year Ended December 31, 2020 and for the period from August 26, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020 and (ii) its financial statement as2023

Table of October 30, 2020 in the accompanying notes to the financial statements included in this Amendment, including describing the restatement and its impact on previously reported amounts.

The restatement primarily related to consideration of the factors in determining whether to classify contracts that may be settled in an entity’s own stock as equity of the entity or as an asset or liability. On April 12, 2021, the Acting Director of the Division of Corporation Finance and Acting Chief Accountant of the SEC together issued a statement regarding the accounting and reporting considerations for warrants issued by special purpose acquisition companies entitled “Staff Statement on Accounting and Reporting Considerations for Warrants Issued by Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (“SPACs”)” (the “SEC Statement”). Specifically, the SEC Statement focused on certain settlement terms and provisions related to certain tender offers following a business combination, which terms are similar to those contained in the warrant agreement governing the Company’s warrants. As a result of the SEC Statement, the Company reevaluated the accounting treatment of (i) the 16,666,667 redeemable warrants (the “Public Warrants”) that were included in the units issued by the Company in its initial public offering (the “IPO”) and (ii) the 8,000,000 redeemable warrants that were issued to the Company’s sponsor in a private placement that closed concurrently with the closing of the Initial Public Offering (together with the Public Warrants, the “Warrants”). The Company previously accounted for the Warrants as components of equity.

In further consideration of the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity ("ASC 815"), the Company concluded that a provision in the warrant agreement related to certain tender or exchange offers precludes the Warrants from being accounted for as components of equity. As the Warrants meet the definition of a derivative as contemplated in ASC 815, the Warrants should be recorded as derivative liabilities on the balance sheet and measured at fair value at inception (on the date of the IPO) and at each reporting date in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, with changes in fair value recognized in the Statements of Operations in the period of change.

In accordance with ASC Topic 340, Other Assets and Deferred Costs, as a result of the classification of the Warrants as derivative liabilities, the Company expensed a portion of the offering costs originally recorded as a reduction in equity. The portion of offering costs that was expensed was determined based on the relative fair value of the Public Warrants and shares of Class A common stock included in the units.

The Company’s prior accounting for the warrants as components of equity instead of as derivative liabilities did not have any effect on the Company’s previously reported cash flows or cash.

In connection with the restatement, the Company’s management reassessed the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2020. As a result of that reassessment and in light of the SEC Staff Statement, the Company’s management determined that its disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2020 were not effective solely as a result of its classification of the warrants as components of equity instead of as derivative liabilities. For more information, see Item 9A included in this Amendment.

The Company has not amended its previously filed Current Report on Form 8-K for the periods affected by the restatement. The financial information that has been previously filed or otherwise reported for these periods is superseded by the information in this Amendment.

See Note 2 to the Notes to Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Amendment for additional information on the restatement and the related financial statement effects.

Contents

EXPLANATORY NOTE

The following items are amended in this Amendment: (i) Item 1.A. Risk Factors, (ii) Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations; (iii) Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data; (iv) Part II, Item 9A. Controls and Procedures; (v) Part III, Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services; and (vi) Part IV, Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules. Additionally, in accordance with Rule 12b-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Company is including with this Amendment currently dated certifications from our principal executive officer and principal financial officer. These certifications are filed or furnished, as applicable, as Exhibits 31.1, 31.2, and 32.

Except as described above, this Amendment does not amend, update or change any other items or disclosures contained in the Original Filing, and accordingly, this Amendment does not reflect or purport to reflect any information or events occurring after the original filing date or modify or update those disclosures affected by subsequent events. Accordingly, this Amendment should be read in conjunction with the Original Filing and the Company’s other filings with the SEC. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the Original Filing.

ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP.

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PART I
Page
PART II
PART III
PART
F-1

CERTAIN TERMS

References to the “Company,” "Atlas," “our,” “us” or “we” refer to Atlas Crest Investment Corp., a blank check company incorporated on August 26, 2020 as a Delaware corporation and formed for the purpose

i

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKINGFORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain


This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements. All statements, other than statements of present or historical fact, included in or incorporated by reference in this Amendment may constitute “forward looking statements” for purposes of the federal securities laws. Our forward looking statements include, but are not limited to, statementsAnnual Report regarding our orfuture financial performance, as well as our management team’s expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding thestrategy, future and the statements under “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” regarding ouroperations, financial position, business strategyestimated revenues and thelosses, projected costs, prospects, plans, and objectives of management for future operations, including with respect to our recently announced proposed business combination with Archer (as defined below). In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward lookingforward-looking statements. TheWhen used in this Annual Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,“future,” “intends,” “may,” “might,”, “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “would”“will,” “would,” the negative of such terms and other similar expressions mayare intended to identify forward lookingforward-looking statements, butalthough not all forward-looking statements contain such identifying words.

These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the absencedate of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward looking. Forward lookingthis Annual Report, and current expectations, assumptions, hopes, beliefs, intentions, and strategies regarding future events. Accordingly, forward-looking statements in this Amendment may include, for example, statements about:

our ability to select an appropriate target business or businesses;

our ability to complete any initial business combination, including, the Business Combination with Archer;

our expectations around the performance of the prospective target business or businesses;

our success in retaining or recruiting, or changes required in, our officers, key employees or directors following our initial business combination;

ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP.

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our officers and directors allocating their time to other businesses and potentially having conflicts of interest with our business or in approving our initial business combination;

our potential ability to obtain additional financing to complete our initial business combination;

our pool of prospective target businesses;

the ability of our officers and directors to generate a number of potential acquisition opportunities;

our public securities’ potential liquidity and trading;

the lack of a market for our securities;

the use of proceeds not held in the trust account described below or available to us from interest income on the trust account balance;

the trust account not being subject to claims of third parties;

our financial performance; or

the other risk and uncertainties discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” elsewhere in this AmendmentAnnual Report and in any document incorporated herein by reference should not be relied upon as representing our other filings with the SEC, including in our preliminary prospectus/proxy statement to be included in a Registration Statement on Form S-4 thatviews as of any subsequent date, and we will file with the SEC relating to our proposed business combination with Archer (the "Archer Disclosure Statement").

The forward looking statements contained in this Amendment are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. These forward looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but aredo not limited to, those factors described under “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Amendment. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or shouldundertake any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or revise any forward looking statements,circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.



PART

As a result of a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties, our actual results or performance may be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Some factors that could cause actual results to differ include those described in Part I,

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Risk Factors

An investment1A, “Risk Factors” in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You shouldthis Annual Report. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider carefully all of the risks described below, together with the other information containedvarious disclosures made in this Annual Report and in other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) that disclose risks and uncertainties that may affect our business. Moreover, new risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for us to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on Form 10-K, before makingour business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks and uncertainties, the future events and circumstances discussed in this Annual Report may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.


In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Annual Report, and while we believe such information forms a decisionreasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to investindicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

As used herein, “Archer,” the “Company,” “Registrant,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and similar terms include Archer Aviation Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.

“Archer” and our other registered and common law trade names and trademarks of ours appearing in this Annual Report are our property. This Annual Report contains additional trade names and trademarks of other companies. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names or trademarks to imply an endorsement or sponsorship of us by such companies, or any relationship with any of these companies.


ii


RISK FACTOR SUMMARY

Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report. You should carefully consider these risks and uncertainties when investing in our units. If anyClass A common stock. Some of the following events occur,principal risks and uncertainties include the following:

We are an early-stage company with a history of losses, and we expect to incur significant expenses and continuing losses for the foreseeable future.
We are still developing our eVTOL aircraft, have not yet obtained FAA certification of our eVTOL aircraft under development and we have yet to manufacture or deliver any aircraft to customers, which makes evaluating our business and future prospects difficult and increases the risk of investment.
Our business plan requires a significant amount of capital. In addition, our future capital needs may require us to issue additional equity or debt securities that may dilute our stockholders or introduce covenants that may restrict our operations or our ability to pay dividends.
Failure to comply with the covenants in our Credit Agreement could result in our inability to borrow additional funds and adversely impact our business.
The markets for our offerings are still in development, and if such markets do not materialize, or grow more slowly than we expect or fail to grow as large as we expect, our business, financial condition and operating results of operations could be harmed.
The eVTOL aircraft industry may not continue to develop, eVTOL aircraft may not be materiallyadopted by the market, eVTOL aircraft may not be certified by government authorities or eVTOL aircraft may not be an attractive alternative to existing modes of transportation, any of which could adversely affected. In that event,affect our prospects, business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our future success depends on the trading pricecontinuing efforts of our securities could decline,key personnel and you could lose all or part of your investment. For risks relating to Archer and the Business Combination, please see the “Risk Factors - Risks Related to Archer’s Business and Industry and New Archer Following the Business Combination”.

Risks Related to Our Business and Corporate Structure

We are a blank check company with no operating history and no revenues, and you have no basis on which to evaluate our ability to achieve our business objective.

We are a blank check company incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware with no operating results. Because we lack an operating history, you have no basis upon which to evaluate our ability to achieve our business objective of completing our initial business combination. attract and retain highly skilled personnel and senior management.

We may be unable to completemanage our initialfuture growth effectively, which could make it difficult to execute our business combination,strategy.
Operation of aircraft involves a degree of inherent risk. We could suffer losses and adverse publicity stemming from any accident involving small aircraft, helicopters or charter flights and in particular from any accident involving eVTOL aircraft.
We currently rely and will continue to rely on third-party partners to provide and store the parts and components required to manufacture our aircraft, and to supply critical components and systems, which exposes us to a number of risks and uncertainties outside our control.
We are or may be subject to risks associated with strategic relationships or other opportunities and may not be able to identify adequate strategic relationship opportunities, or form strategic relationships, in the future.
We are party to certain purchase agreements and other contract orders for our Midnight aircraft and the provision of related services that contain conditions with respect to the purchase of our aircraft or that require us to perform and provide certain deliverables. If the conditions to or performance obligations under such contracts are not met, or if such contracts are otherwise canceled, modified or delayed, our prospects, results of operations, liquidity and cash flow will be harmed.
Some of the contract orders for our Midnight aircraft are with U.S. government entities, which are subject to unique risks.
Our business may be adversely affected by the current global political and macroeconomic challenges, including the Business Combinationeffects of inflation, rising interest rates or an economic downturn or recession.
Our aerial ride sharing operations will initially be concentrated in a small number of urban areas, which makes our business particularly susceptible to infrastructure, economic, social, weather, regulatory conditions or other circumstances affecting these metropolitan areas.
Our long-term success and ability to significantly grow our revenue will depend, in part, on our ability to establish and expand into international markets and/or expand market segments.
If we experience harm to our reputation and brand, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Our ability to effectively compete and generate revenue from our products and services depends upon our ability to distinguish our products and services from our competitors and their products and services.
iii

Our business may be adversely affected by labor and union activities.
We expect that the purchase agreements with Archer Direct customers could be subject to indexed price escalation clauses which would subject us to losses if we have cost overruns or if increases in our costs exceed the applicable escalation rate.
We have been, and may in the future be, adversely affected by health epidemics and pandemics, the duration and economic, governmental and social impact of which is difficult to predict, which may significantly harm our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations relating to the aviation business in general and eVTOL aircraft specifically, could adversely affect our business and our financial condition.
We are subject to numerous closing conditionscybersecurity risks to our operational systems, security systems, infrastructure, integrated software in our aircraft and customer data processed by us or third-party vendors.
Failure to comply with laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection, or the expansion of current laws and regulations or the enactment of new laws or regulations in these areas, could adversely affect our business and our financial condition.
We currently have a subsidiary located outside of the United States and plan for international operations in the future, which could subject us to political, operational and regulatory challenges.
We are subject to risks associated with climate change, including the potential increased impacts of severe weather events on our operations and infrastructure.
We intend to retain certain personal information about our customers, employees or others that, if compromised, could harm our financial performance and results of operations or prospects.
The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources, divert management’s attention and affect our ability to attract and retain additional executive management and qualified board members.
We are, and may in the future become, subject to legal proceedings, which may be terminatedtime-consuming and expensive and, if adversely determined, could delay, limit or prevent our ability to commercialize our aircraft or otherwise execute on our business plans.
Our business may be adversely affected if we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights from unauthorized use by either party in certain circumstances, some of which are outside of our control.  Forthird parties.
Our management team has limited experience managing a description of the terms of the Business Combination Agreement and related agreements, including, the closing conditions and termination provisions, please see "Business —Business Combination Agreement." If we fail to complete our initial business combination, we will never generate any operating revenues.

public company.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will require,requires, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that derivative actions brought in our name, actions against our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders for breach of fiduciary duty and certain other similar actions may be brought only in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware, and, if brought outside of Delaware, the stockholder bringing the suit will, subject to certain exceptions, be deemed to have consented to service of process on such stockholder’s counsel, which may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will require, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that derivative actions brought in our name, actions against our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders for breach of fiduciary duty and certain other actions may be brought only in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware and, if brought outside of Delaware, the stockholder bringing the suit will be deemed to have consented to service of process on such stockholder’s counsel except any action (A) as to which the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery (and the indispensable party does not consent to the personal jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery within ten days following such determination), (B) which is vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than the Court of Chancery or (C) for which the Court of Chancery does not have subject matter jurisdiction. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the forum provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. This choice of forum provision may limit or make more costly a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the exclusive forum provision are applicable to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, subject to certain exceptions. Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As a result, the exclusive forum provision does not apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. We note, however, that there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce this provision and that investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for state and federal courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.


Risks Related to Our Initial Business Combination

Our search for a business combination, and any target business with which we ultimately consummate a business combination, may be materially adversely affected by the recent coronavirus (“COVID-19”) outbreak.

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus has and is continuing to spread throughout parts of the world, including the United States. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern.” On January 31, 2020, U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary Alex M. Azar II declared a public health emergency for the United States to aid the U.S. healthcare community in responding to COVID-19, and on March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization characterized the outbreak as a “pandemic”. A significant outbreak of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases could result in a widespread health crisis that could adversely affect the economies and financial markets worldwide, and the business of any potential target business with which we consummate a business combination could be materially and adversely affected. Furthermore, we may be unable to complete a business combination if continued concerns relating to COVID-19 restrict travel, limit the ability to have meetings with potential investors or the target company’s personnel, vendors and services providers are unavailable to negotiate and consummate a transaction in a timely manner. The extent to which COVID-19 impacts our search for a business combination will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19 and the actions to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact, among others. If the disruptions posed by COVID-19 or other matters of global concern continue for an extended period of time, our ability to consummate a business combination, or the operations of a target business with which we ultimately consummate a business combination, such as the business combination with Archer, may be materially adversely affected. In addition, our ability to consummate a transaction may be dependent on the ability to raise equity or debt financing which may be impacted by COVID-19 and other events, including as a result of increased market volatility, decreased market liquidity in third-party financing being unavailable on terms acceptable to us or at all.

Our public stockholders may not be afforded an opportunity to vote on our proposed initial business combination, and even if we hold a vote, holders of our founder shares will participate in such vote, which means we may complete our initial business combination even though a majority of our public stockholders do not support such a combination.

If the Business Combination is not consummated and we seek to enter into a business combination with other target companies, we may choose not to hold a stockholder vote to approve our initial business combination unless the initial business combination would require stockholder approval under applicable law or stock exchange listing requirements or if we decide to hold a stockholder vote for business or other legal reasons. Except as required by law or the rules of the NYSE, the decision as to whether we will seek stockholder approval of a proposed initial business combination or will allow stockholders to sell their shares to us in a tender offer will be made by us, solely in our discretion, and will be based on a variety of factors, such as the timing of the transaction and whether the terms of the transaction would otherwise require us to seek stockholder approval. Even if we seek stockholder approval, the holders of our founder shares will participate in the vote on such approval. Accordingly, we may complete our initial business combination even if holders of a majority of our public shares do not approve of the initial business combination we complete.


If we seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination, our initial stockholders and management team have agreed to vote in favor of such initial business combination, regardless of how our public stockholders vote.

Our initial stockholders own 20% of our outstanding common stock. Our initial stockholders and management team also may from time to time purchase Class A common stock prior to our initial business combination. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, if we seek stockholder approval of an initial business combination, such initial business combination will be approved if we receive the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares voted at such meeting, including the founder shares. As a result, in addition to our initial stockholders’ founder shares, we would need 18,750,001, or 37.5%, of the 50,000,000 public shares sold in our Initial Public Offering to be voted in favor of an initial business combination in order to have our initial business combination approved (assuming all outstanding shares are voted and the over-allotment option is not exercised). Accordingly, if we seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination, the agreement by our initial stockholders and management team to vote in favor of our initial business combination will increase the likelihood that we will receive the requisite stockholder approval for such initial business combination.

Your only opportunity to affect the investment decision regarding a potential business combination may be limited to the exercise of your right to redeem your shares from us for cash.

At the time of your investment in us, you will not be provided with an opportunity to evaluate the specific merits or risks of our initial business combination. Although we are seeking stockholder approval of the Arrival Business Combination, if such transaction is not consummated and we seek to enter into a business combination with other target companies, our Board of Directors may complete such business combination without seeking stockholder approval, public stockholders may not have the right or opportunity to vote on the business combination, unless we seek such stockholder vote. Accordingly, your only opportunity to affect the investment decision regarding our initial business combination may be limited to exercising your redemption rights within the period of time (which will be at least 20 business days) set forth in our tender offer documents mailed to our public stockholders in which we describe our initial business combination.

The ability of our public stockholders to redeem their shares for cash may make our financial condition unattractive to potential business combination targets, which may make it difficult for us to enter into a business combination with a target.

We may seek to enter into a business combination transaction agreement with minimum cash requirement for (i) cash consideration to be paid to the target or its owners, (ii) cash for working capital or other general corporate purposes or (iii) the retention of cash to satisfy other conditions. Under those circumstances, if too many public stockholders exercise their redemption rights, we would not be able to meet such closing condition and, as a result, would not be able to proceed with the business combination. Furthermore, in no event will we redeem our public shares in an amount that would cause our net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001. Consequently, if accepting all properly submitted redemption requests would cause our net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001 or make us unable to satisfy a minimum cash condition as described above, we would not proceed with such redemption and the related business combination and may instead search for an alternate business combination. Prospective targets will be aware of these risks and, thus, may be reluctant to enter into a business combination transaction with us.

The ability of our public stockholders to exercise redemption rights with respect to a large number of our shares may not allow us to complete the most desirable business combination or optimize our capital structure.

At the time we enter into an agreement for our initial business combination, we will not know how many stockholders may exercise their redemption rights, and therefore will need to structure the transaction based on our expectations as to the number of shares that will be submitted for redemption. If our initial business combination agreement requires us to use a portion of the cash in the trust account to pay the purchase price, or requires us to have a minimum amount of cash at closing, we will need to reserve a portion of the cash in the trust account to meet such requirements, or arrange for third party financing. In addition, if a larger number of shares is submitted for redemption than we initially expected, we may need to restructure the transaction to reserve a greater portion of the cash in the trust account or arrange for third party financing. Raising additional third party financing may involve dilutive equity issuances or the incurrence of indebtedness at higher than desirable levels. Furthermore, this dilution would increase to the extent that the anti-dilution provision of the Class B common stock results in the issues of shares of Class A common stock on a greater than one-to-one basis upon conversion of the shares of Class B common stock at the time of our initial business combination. In addition, the amount of the Marketing Fee payable to the representative of the underwriters and Moelis will not be adjusted for any shares that are redeemed in connection with an initial business combination. The per share amount we will distribute to stockholders who properly exercise their redemption rights will not be reduced by the Marketing Fee and after such redemptions, the amount held in trust will continue to reflect our obligation to pay the entire Marketing Fee. The above considerations may limit our ability to complete the most desirable business combination available to us or optimize our capital structure. The Business Combination with Archer does not require us to use a portion of the cash in the trust account to meet such requirements. We have arranged for third party financing.


The ability of our public stockholders to exercise redemption rights with respect to a large number of our shares could increase the probability that our initial business combination would be unsuccessful and that you would have to wait for liquidation in order to redeem your shares.

If our initial business combination agreement requires us to use a portion of the cash in the trust account to pay the purchase price, or requires us to have a minimum amount of cash at closing, the probability that our initial business combination would be unsuccessful is increased. If our initial business combination is unsuccessful, you would not receive your pro rata portion of the trust account until we liquidate the trust account. If you are in need of immediate liquidity, you could attempt to sell your shares in the open market; however, at such time our shares may trade at a discount to the pro rata amount per share in the trust account. In either situation, you may suffer a material loss on your investment or lose the benefit of funds expected in connection with your exercise of redemption rights until we liquidate or you are able to sell your shares in the open market.

The requirement that we complete our initial business combination within 24 months after our Initial Public Offering may give potential target businesses leverage over us in negotiating a business combination and may limit the time we have in which to conduct due diligence on potential business combination targets, in particular as we approach our dissolution deadline, which could undermine our ability to complete our initial business combination on terms that would produce value for our stockholders.

Any potential target business with which we enter into negotiations concerning a business combination will be aware that we must complete our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our Initial Public Offering. Consequently, such target business may obtain leverage over us in negotiating a business combination, knowing that if we do not complete our initial business combination with that particular target business, we may be unable to complete our initial business combination with any target business. This risk will increase as we get closer to the timeframe described above. In addition, we may have limited time to conduct due diligence and may enter into our initial business combination on terms that we would have rejected upon a more comprehensive investigation.

We may not be able to complete our initial business combination within 24 months of our Initial Public Offering, in which case we would cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up and we would redeem our public shares and liquidate.

We may not be able to complete the Business Combination or, if the Business Combination does not consummate, find another suitable target business within 24 months after the closing of our Initial Public Offering. Our ability to complete the Business Combination or any other initial business combination may be negatively impacted by general market conditions, volatility in the capital and debt markets and the other risks described herein. If we have not completed our initial business combination within such time period, we will: (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem the public shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account (which interest shall be net of taxes payable and up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding public shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public stockholders’ rights as stockholders (including the right to receive further liquidating distributions, if any), and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of our remaining stockholders and our board of directors, liquidate and dissolve, subject in each case, to our obligations under Delaware law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law.


If we seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination, our sponsor, initial stockholders, directors, executive officers and their affiliates may elect to purchase shares or public warrants from public stockholders, which may influence a vote on a proposed business combination and reduce the public “float” of our Class A common stock.

If we seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination (such as the Business Combination) and we do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, our sponsor, initial stockholders, directors, executive officers or their affiliates may purchase shares or public warrants in privately negotiated transactions or in the open market either prior to or following the completion of our initial business combination, although they are under no obligation to do so. There is no limit on the number of shares our initial stockholders, directors, officers or their affiliates may purchase in such transactions, subject to compliance with applicable law and the NYSE rules. However, other than as expressly stated herein, they have no current commitments, plans or intentions to engage in such transactions and have not formulated any terms or conditions for any such transactions. None of the funds in the trust account will be used to purchase shares or public warrants in such transactions. Such purchases may include a contractual acknowledgment that such stockholder, although still the record holder of our shares, is no longer the beneficial owner thereof and therefore agrees not to exercise its redemption rights.

In the event that our sponsor, initial stockholders, directors, executive officers or their affiliates purchase shares in privately negotiated transactions from public stockholders who have already elected to exercise their redemption rights, such selling stockholders would be required to revoke their prior elections to redeem their shares. The purpose of any such purchases of shares could be to vote such shares in favor of the business combination and thereby increase the likelihood of obtaining stockholder approval of the business combination or to satisfy a closing condition in an agreement with a target that requires us to have a minimum net worth or a certain amount of cash at the closing of our initial business combination, where it appears that such requirement would otherwise not be met. The purpose of any such purchases of public warrants could be to reduce the number of public warrants outstanding or to vote such warrants on any matters submitted to the warrant holders for approval in connection with our initial business combination. Any such purchases of our securities may result in the completion of our initial business combination that may not otherwise have been possible. We expect any such purchases will be reported pursuant to Section 13 and Section 16 of the Exchange Act to the extent such purchasers are subject to such reporting requirements.

In addition, if such purchases are made, the public “float” of our Class A common stock or public warrants and the number of beneficial holders of our securities may be reduced, possibly making it difficult to obtain or maintain the quotation, listing or trading of our securities on a national securities exchange.

If a public stockholder fails to receive notice of our offer to redeem our public shares in connection with our initial business combination, or fails to comply with the procedures for tendering its shares, such shares may not be redeemed.

We will comply with the proxy rules or tender offer rules, as applicable, when conducting redemptions in connection with our initial business combination. Despite our compliance with these rules, if a stockholder fails to receive our proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable, such stockholder may not become aware of the opportunity to redeem its shares. In addition, proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable, that we will furnish to holders of our public shares in connection with our initial business combination will describe the various procedures that must be complied with in order to validly tender or submit public shares for redemption. For example, we intend to require our public stockholders seeking to exercise their redemption rights, whether they are record holders or hold their shares in “street name,” to, at the holder’s option, either deliver their stock certificates to our transfer agent, or to deliver their shares to our transfer agent electronically prior to the date set forth in the proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable. In the case of proxy materials, this date may be up to two business days prior to the vote on the proposal to approve the initial business combination. In addition, if we conduct redemptions in connection with a stockholder vote, we intend to require a public stockholder seeking redemption of its public shares to also submit a written request for redemption to our transfer agent two business days prior to the vote in which the name of the beneficial owner of such shares is included. In the event that a stockholder fails to comply with these or any other procedures disclosed in the proxy or tender offer materials, as applicable, its shares may not be redeemed.


If we seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination and we do not conduct redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules, and if you or a “group” of stockholders are deemed to hold in excess of 15% of our Class A common stock, you will lose the ability to redeem all such shares in excess of 15% of our Class A common stock.

If we seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination and we do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that a public stockholder, together with any affiliate of such stockholder or any other person with whom such stockholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from seeking redemption rights with respect to more than an aggregate of 15% of the shares sold in our Initial Public Offering without our prior consent, which we refer to as the “Excess Shares.” However, we would not be restricting our stockholders’ ability to vote all of their shares (including Excess Shares) for or against our initial business combination. Your inability to redeem the Excess Shares will reduce your influence over our ability to complete our initial business combination and you could suffer a material loss on your investment in us if you sell Excess Shares in open market transactions. Additionally, you will not receive redemption distributions with respect to the Excess Shares if we complete our initial business combination. And as a result, you will continue to hold that number of shares exceeding 15% and, in order to dispose of such shares, would be required to sell your shares in open market transactions, potentially at a loss.

Because of our limited resources and the significant competition for business combination opportunities, it may be more difficult for us to complete our initial business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public stockholders may receive only their pro rata portion of the funds in the trust account that are available for distribution to public stockholders, and our warrants will expire worthless.

We expect to encounter competition from other entities having a business objective similar to ours, including private investors (which may be individuals or investment partnerships), other blank check companies and other entities, domestic and international, competing for the types of businesses we intend to acquire. Many of these individuals and entities are well-established and have extensive experience in identifying and effecting, directly or indirectly, acquisitions of companies operating in or providing services to various industries. Many of these competitors possess similar or greater technical, human and other resources to ours or more local industry knowledge than we do and our financial resources will be relatively limited when contrasted with those of many of these competitors. While we believe there are numerous target businesses we could potentially acquire with the net proceeds of our Initial Public Offering and the sale of the private placement warrants, our ability to compete with respect to the acquisition of certain target businesses that are sizable will be limited by our available financial resources. This inherent competitive limitation gives others an advantage in pursuing the acquisition of certain target businesses. Furthermore, we are obligated to offer holders of our public shares the right to redeem their shares for cash at the time of our initial business combination in conjunction with a stockholder vote or via a tender offer. Target companies will be aware that this may reduce the resources available to us for our initial business combination. Any of these obligations may place us at a competitive disadvantage in successfully negotiating a business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public stockholders may receive only their pro rata portion of the funds in the trust account that are available for distribution to public stockholders, and our warrants will expire worthless.

Subsequent to our completion of our initial business combination, we may be required to take write-downs or write-offs, restructuring and impairment or other charges that could have a significant negative effect on our financial condition, results of operations and the price of our securities, which could cause you to lose some or all of your investment.

Even if we conduct extensive due diligence on a target business with which we combine, we cannot assure you that this diligence will identify all material issues that may be present with a particular target business, that it would be possible to uncover all material issues through a customary amount of due diligence, or that factors outside of the target business and outside of our control will not later arise, including, without limitation, in connection with the Business Combination. As a result of these factors, we may be forced to later write-down or write-off assets, restructure our operations, or incur impairment or other charges that could result in our reporting losses. Even if our due diligence successfully identifies certain risks, unexpected risks may arise and previously known risks may materialize in a manner not consistent with our preliminary risk analysis. Even though these charges may be non-cash items and not have an immediate impact on our liquidity, the fact that we report charges of this nature could contribute to negative market perceptions about us or our securities. In addition, charges of this nature may cause us to violate net worth or other covenants to which we may be subject as a result of assuming pre-existing debt held by a target business or by virtue of our obtaining debt financing to partially finance the initial business combination or thereafter. Accordingly, any stockholders or warrant holders who choose to remain stockholders or warrant holders following the business combination could suffer a reduction in the value of their securities. Such stockholders or warrant holders are unlikely to have a remedy for such reduction in value unless they are able to successfully claim that the reduction was due to the breach by our officers or directors of a duty of care or other fiduciary duty owed to them, or if they are able to successfully bring a private claim under securities laws that the proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable, relating to the business combination contained an actionable material misstatement or material omission.


Changes in laws or regulations, or a failure to comply with any laws and regulations, may adversely affect our business, including our ability to negotiate and complete our initial business combination, and results of operations.

We are subject to laws and regulations enacted by national, regional and local governments. In particular, we are required to comply with certain SEC and other legal requirements. Compliance with, and monitoring of, applicable laws and regulations may be difficult, time consuming and costly. Those laws and regulations and their interpretation and application may also change from time to time and those changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, investments and results of operations. In addition, a failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations, as interpreted and applied, could have a material adverse effect on our business, including our ability to negotiate and complete our initial business combination, and results of operations.

The grant of registration rights to our initial stockholders and holders of our private placement warrants may make it more difficult to complete our initial business combination, and the future exercise of such rights may adversely affect the market price of our shares of Class A common stock.

Pursuant to an agreement to be entered into concurrently with the issuance and sale of the securities in our Initial Public Offering, our initial stockholders and their permitted transferees can demand that we register the shares of Class A common stock into which founder shares are convertible, holders of our private placement warrants and their permitted transferees can demand that we register the private placement warrants and the Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the private placement warrants and holders of warrants that may be issued upon conversion of working capital loans may demand that we register such warrants or the Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of such warrants. The registration rights will be exercisable with respect to the founder shares and the private placement warrants and the Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of such private placement warrants. We will bear the cost of registering these securities. The registration and availability of such a significant number of securities for trading in the public market may have an adverse effect on the market price of our Class A common stock. In addition, the existence of the registration rights may make our initial business combination more costly or difficult to conclude. This is because the stockholders of the target business may increase the equity stake they seek in the combined entity or ask for more cash consideration to offset the negative impact on the market price of our Class A common stock that is expected when the shares of common stock owned by our initial stockholders, holders of our private placement warrants or holders of our working capital loans or their respective permitted transferees are registered.

Because we are neither limited to evaluating a target business in a particular industry sector nor have we selected any specific target businesses with which to pursue our initial business combination, you will be unable to ascertain the merits or risks of any particular target business’s operations.

Our efforts to identify a prospective initial business combination target will not be limited to a particular industry, sector or geographic region. While we may pursue an initial business combination opportunity in any industry or sector, we intend to capitalize on the ability of our management team to identify, acquire and operate a business or businesses that can benefit from our management team’s established global relationships and operating experience. Our management team has extensive experience in identifying and executing strategic investments globally and has done so successfully in a number of sectors. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation prohibits us from effectuating a business combination with another blank check company or similar company with nominal operations. Because we have not yet selected any specific target business with respect to a business combination, there is no basis to evaluate the possible merits or risks of any particular target business’s operations, results of operations, cash flows, liquidity, financial condition or prospects. To the extent we complete our initial business combination, we may be affected by numerous risks inherent in the business operations with which we combine. For example, if we combine with a financially unstable business or an entity lacking an established record of sales or earnings, we may be affected by the risks inherent in the business and operations of a financially unstable or a development stage entity. Although our officers and directors will endeavor to evaluate the risks inherent in a particular target business, we cannot assure you that we will properly ascertain or assess all of the significant risk factors or that we will have adequate time to complete due diligence. Furthermore, some of these risks may be outside of our control and leave us with no ability to control or reduce the chances that those risks will adversely impact a target business. We also cannot assure you that an investment in our units will ultimately prove to be more favorable to investors than a direct investment, if such opportunity were available, in a business combination target. Accordingly, any stockholders or warrant holders who choose to remain stockholders or warrant holders following the business combination could suffer a reduction in the value of their securities. Such stockholders or warrant holders are unlikely to have a remedy for such reduction in value unless they are able to successfully claim that the reduction was due to the breach by our officers or directors of a duty of care or other fiduciary duty owed to them, or if they are able to successfully bring a private claim under securities laws that the proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable, relating to the business combination contained an actionable material misstatement or material omission.


We may seek business combination opportunities in industries or sectors that may be outside of our management’s areas of expertise.

As of the date of this Report, we have considered, and will continue to consider if the Business Combination is not consummated, a business combination outside of our management’s areas of expertise if a business combination candidate is presented to us and we determine that such candidate offers an attractive business combination opportunity for our company. Although our management will endeavor to evaluate the risks inherent in any particular business combination candidate, we cannot assure you that we will adequately ascertain or assess all of the significant risk factors, especially risks in connection with target businesses in industries outside of our management’s area of expertise. We also cannot assure you that an investment in our units will not ultimately prove to be less favorable to investors in our Initial Public Offering than a direct investment, if an opportunity were available, in a business combination candidate. In the event we elect to pursue a business combination outside of the areas of our management’s expertise, our management’s expertise may not be directly applicable to its evaluation or operation, and our management’s expertise would not be relevant to an understanding of the business that we elect to acquire. As a result, our management may not be able to ascertain or assess adequately all of the relevant risk factors. Accordingly, any stockholders who choose to remain stockholders following our initial business combination could suffer a reduction in the value of their shares. Such stockholders are unlikely to have a remedy for such reduction in value.

Although we have identified general criteria and guidelines that we believe are important in evaluating prospective target businesses, we may enter into our initial business combination with a target that does not meet such criteria and guidelines, and as a result, the target business with which we enter into our initial business combination may not have attributes entirely consistent with our general criteria and guidelines.

Although we have identified general criteria and guidelines for evaluating prospective target businesses, it is possible that a target business, such as Archer, with which we enter into our initial business combination will not have all of these attributes. If we complete our initial business combination with a target that does not meet some or all of these guidelines, such combination may not be as successful as a combination with a business that does meet all of our general criteria and guidelines. In addition, if we announce a prospective business combination with a target that does not meet our general criteria and guidelines, a greater number of stockholders may exercise their redemption rights, which may make it difficult for us to meet any closing condition with a target business that requires us to have a minimum net worth or a certain amount of cash. In addition, if stockholder approval of the transaction is required by law, or we decide to obtain stockholder approval for business or other legal reasons, it may be more difficult for us to attain stockholder approval of our initial business combination if the target business does not meet our general criteria and guidelines. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public stockholders may only receive their pro rata portion of the funds in the trust account that are available for distribution to public stockholders, and our warrants will expire worthless.


We are not required to obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm or from a valuation or appraisal firm, and consequently, you may have no assurance from an independent source that the price we are paying for the business is fair to us from a financial point of view.

We are not required to obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm which is a member of FINRA or from a valuation or appraisal firm that the price we are paying is fair to us from a financial point of view. If no opinion is obtained, our stockholders will be relying on the judgment of our board of directors, who will determine fair market value based on standards generally accepted by the financial community. Such standards used will be disclosed in our proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable, related to our initial business combination.

We may issue additional shares of Class A common stock or shares of preferred stock to complete our initial business combination or under an employee incentive plan after completion of our initial business combination. We may also issue shares of Class A common stock upon the conversion of the founder shares at a ratio greater than one-to-one at the time of our initial business combination as a result of the anti-dilution provisions contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. Any such issuances would dilute the interest of our stockholders and likely present other risks.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of up to 200,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, 20,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share. Immediately after our Initial Public Offering, there were 150,000,000 and 7,500,000 (assuming in each case that the underwriters have not exercised their over-allotment option and the forfeiture of 1,875,000 shares of Class B common stock) authorized but unissued shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock, respectively, available for issuance which amount does not take into account shares reserved for issuance upon exercise of outstanding warrants or shares issuable upon conversion of the Class B common stock. The Class B common stock is automatically convertible into Class A common stock upon the consummation of our initial business combination, initially at a one-for-one ratio but subject to adjustment as set forth herein and in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. Immediately after our Initial Public Offering, there will be no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.

We may issue a substantial number of additional shares of Class A common stock or shares of preferred stock to complete our initial business combination or under an employee incentive plan after completion of our initial business combination. We may also issue shares of Class A common stock upon conversion of the Class B common stock at a ratio greater than one-to-one at the time of our initial business combination as a result of the anti-dilution provisions as set forth therein. However, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides, among other things, that prior to our initial business combination, we may not issue additional shares that would entitle the holders thereof to (i) receive funds from the trust account or (ii) vote as a class with our public shares (a) on any initial business combination or (b) to approve an amendment to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to (x) extend the time we have to consummate a business combination beyond 24 months from the closing of our Initial Public Offering or (y) amend the foregoing provisions. These provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, like all provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, may be amended with a stockholder vote. The issuance of additional shares of common stock or shares of preferred stock:

may significantly dilute the equity interest of investors in our Initial Public Offering;

may subordinate the rights of holders of Class A common stock if shares of preferred stock are issued with rights senior to those afforded our Class A common stock;

could cause a change in control if a substantial number of shares of Class A common stock is issued, which may affect, among other things, our ability to use our net operating loss carry forwards, if any, and could result in the resignation or removal of our present officers and directors; and

may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our units, Class A common stock and/or warrants.

Resources could be wasted in researching business combinations that are not completed, which could materially adversely affect subsequent attempts to locate and acquire or merge with another business. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public stockholders may only receive their pro rata portion of the funds in the trust account that are available for distribution to public stockholders, and our warrants will expire worthless.


We anticipate that the investigation of each specific target business and the negotiation, drafting and execution of relevant agreements, disclosure documents and other instruments will require substantial management time and attention and substantial costs for accountants, attorneys and others. If we decide not to complete a specific initial business combination, the costs incurred up to that point for the proposed transaction likely would not be recoverable. Furthermore, if we reach an agreement relating to a specific target business, we may fail to complete our initial business combination for any number of reasons including those beyond our control. Any such event will result in a loss to us of the related costs incurred which could materially adversely affect subsequent attempts to locate and acquire or merge with another business. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public stockholders may only receive their pro rata portion of the funds in the trust account that are available for distribution to public stockholders, and our warrants will expire worthless.

Our ability to successfully effect our initial business combination and to be successful thereafter will be dependent upon the efforts of our key personnel, some of whom may join us following our initial business combination. The loss of key personnel could negatively impact the operations and profitability of our post-combination business.

Our ability to successfully effect our initial business combination is dependent upon the efforts of our key personnel. The role of our key personnel in the target business, however, cannot presently be ascertained. Although some of our key personnel may remain with the target business in senior management or advisory positions following our initial business combination, it is likely that some or all of the management of the target business will remain in place. While we intend to closely scrutinize any individuals we engage after our initial business combination, we cannot assure you that our assessment of these individuals will prove to be correct. These individuals may be unfamiliar with the requirements of operating a company regulated by the SEC, which could cause us to have to expend time and resources helping them become familiar with such requirements.

Our key personnel may negotiate employment or consulting agreements with a target business in connection with a particular business combination, and a particular business combination may be conditioned on the retention or resignation of such key personnel. These agreements may provide for them to receive compensation following our initial business combination and as a result, may cause them to have conflicts of interest in determining whether a particular business combination is the most advantageous.

Our key personnel may be able to remain with our company after the completion of our initial business combination only if they are able to negotiate employment or consulting agreements in connection with the business combination. Such negotiations would take place simultaneously with the negotiation of the business combination and could provide for such individuals to receive compensation in the form of cash payments and/or our securities for services they would render to us after the completion of the business combination. Such negotiations also could make such key personnel’s retention or resignation a condition to any such agreement. The personal and financial interests of such individuals may influence their motivation in identifying and selecting a target business, subject to their fiduciary duties under Delaware law.

We may have a limited ability to assess the management of a prospective target business and, as a result, may affect our initial business combination with a target business whose management may not have the skills, qualifications or abilities to manage a public company.

When evaluating the desirability of effecting our initial business combination with a prospective target business, our ability to assess the target business’s management may be limited due to a lack of time, resources or information. Our assessment of the capabilities of the target business’s management, therefore, may prove to be incorrect and such management may lack the skills, qualifications or abilities we suspected. Should the target business’s management not possess the skills, qualifications or abilities necessary to manage a public company, the operations and profitability of the post-combination business may be negatively impacted. Accordingly, any stockholders or warrant holders who choose to remain stockholders or warrant holders following the business combination could suffer a reduction in the value of their securities. Such stockholders or warrant holders are unlikely to have a remedy for such reduction in value unless they are able to successfully claim that the reduction was due to the breach by our officers or directors of a duty of care or other fiduciary duty owed to them, or if they are able to successfully bring a private claim under securities laws that the proxy solicitation or tender offer materials, as applicable, relating to the business combination contained an actionable material misstatement or material omission.


The officers and directors of an acquisition candidate may resign upon completion of our initial business combination. The loss of a business combination target’s key personnel could negatively impact the operations and profitability of our post-combination business.

The role of an acquisition candidate’s key personnel upon the completion of our initial business combination cannot be ascertained at this time. Although we contemplate that certain members of an acquisition candidate’s management team will remain associated with the acquisition candidate following our initial business combination, it is possible that members of the management of an acquisition candidate will not wish to remain in place.

Our executive officers and directors will allocate their time to other businesses thereby causing conflicts of interest in their determination as to how much time to devote to our affairs. This conflict of interest could have a negative impact on our ability to complete our initial business combination.

Our executive officers and directors are not required to, and will not, commit any period of time to our affairs, which may result in a conflict of interest in allocating their time between our operations and our search for a business combination and their other businesses. We do not intend to have any full-time employees prior to the completion of our initial business combination. Each of our executive officers is engaged in several other business endeavors for which he may be entitled to substantial compensation, and our executive officers are not obligated to contribute any specific number of hours per week to our affairs. Our independent directors also serve as officers and board members for other entities. If our executive officers’ and directors’ other business affairs require them to devote substantial amounts of time to such affairs in excess of their current commitment levels, it could limit their ability to devote time to our affairs which may have a negative impact on our ability to complete our initial business combination. For a complete discussion of our executive officers’ and directors’ other business affairs, please see “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance — Conflicts of Interest.”

Our officers and directors presently have, and any of them in the future may have additional, fiduciary, contractual or other obligations to other entities and clients of other entities and, accordingly, may have conflicts of interest in determining to which entity a particular business opportunity should be presented.

Until we consummate our initial business combination, we intend to engage in the business of identifying and combining with one or more businesses. Each of our officers and directors presently has, and any of them in the future may have additional fiduciary, contractual or other obligations to other entities, including, without limitation AC SPACS, or to clients of Moelis or other affiliates of our sponsor pursuant to which such officer or director is or will be required to present a business combination opportunity. For example, affiliates of our sponsor also founded the AC SPACs, each a blank check company incorporated as a Delaware corporation for the purpose of effecting its own initial business combination. Mr. Moelis is the Chairman of the Board of Directors of each of the AC SPACs, and certain of our other officers are officers or directors, respectively, of the AC SPACs, and each of the foregoing owe fiduciary duties under Delaware law to the AC SPACs. In addition, Mr. Moelis is the Chairman of the Board and CEO of Moelis & Company and he owes fiduciary duties to Moelis & Company. Accordingly, if any of our officers or director becomes aware of a business combination opportunity which is suitable for an entity to which he or she has then current fiduciary, contractual or other obligations, including any AC SPAC, he or she will honor his or her fiduciary, contractual or other obligations to present such opportunity to such entity and only present it to us if such entity rejects the opportunity and he or she determines to present the opportunity to us (including as described above). For example, a business combination opportunity may be suitable for one or more of the AC SPACs and us and our officers and directors may choose to direct such opportunity to one or more of the AC SPACs before presenting to our company, meaning we could find less suitable acquisition opportunities and could limit our ability to find a business combination that we find attractive. These conflicts may not be resolved in our favor and a potential target business may be presented to another entity prior to its presentation to us. However, we do not believe that the fiduciary duties or contractual obligations of our officers or directors will materially affect our ability to complete our business combination.

In the event we seek to complete our initial business combination with a company that is affiliated with, or which there is a fiduciary, contractual or other obligation by, our sponsor, officers or directors, we, or a committee of independent directors, may obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm which is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, or an independent accounting firm that the consideration to be paid by us in initial business combination is fair to our company from a financial point of view. Any such entity may co-invest with us in the target business at the time of our initial business combination, or we could raise additional proceeds to complete the acquisition by making a specified future issuance to any such entity.


Our certificate of incorporation will provide that we renounce our interest in any corporate opportunity offered to any director or officer unless such opportunity is expressly offered to such person solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer of the company and such opportunity is one we are legally and contractually permitted to undertake and would otherwise be reasonable for us to pursue, and to the extent the director or officer is permitted to refer that opportunity to us without violating another legal obligation without violating another legal obligation.

In addition, our sponsor and our officers and directors may sponsor or form other special purpose acquisition companies similar to ours or may pursue other business or investment ventures, even prior to us entering into a definitive agreement for our initial business combination. Any such companies, businesses or investments may present additional conflicts of interest in pursuing an initial business combination. However, we do not believe that any such potential conflicts would materially affect our ability to complete our initial business combination.

We may engage in a business combination with one or more target businesses that have relationships with entities that may be affiliated with our sponsor, executive officers, directors or existing holders which may raise potential conflicts of interest.

In light of the involvement of our sponsor, executive officers and directors with other entities, we may decide to acquire one or more businesses affiliated with our sponsor, executive officers, directors or existing holders. Our directors also serve as officers and board members for other entities, including, without limitation, those described under “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance — Conflicts of Interest.” Such entities or clients of entities may compete with us for business combination opportunities. Our sponsor, officers and directors are not currently aware of any specific opportunities for us to complete our initial business combination with any entities with which they are affiliated, and there have been no substantive discussions concerning a business combination with any such entity or entities. Although we will not be specifically focusing on, or targeting, any transaction with any affiliated entities, we would pursue such a transaction if we determined that such affiliated entity met our criteria for a business combination as set forth in “Proposed Business — Investing Criteria” as set forth in our Prospectus dated October 27, 2020 filed with the SEC in connection with our IPO and such transaction was approved by a majority of our independent and disinterested directors. Despite our choosing to obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm which is a member of FINRA or a valuation or appraisal firm regarding the fairness to our company from a financial point of view of the consideration to be paid by us in a business combination with one or more domestic or international businesses affiliated with our sponsor, executive officers, directors or existing holders, potential conflicts of interest still may exist and, as a result, the terms of the business combination may not be as advantageous to our public stockholders as they would be absent any conflicts of interest.

Since our sponsor, executive officers and directors will lose their entire investment in us if our initial business combination is not completed (other than with respect to public shares they may acquire during or after our Initial Public Offering), a conflict of interest may arise in determining whether a particular business combination target is appropriate for our initial business combination.

In September 2020 our sponsor paid $25,000 in exchange for 14,375,000 founder shares. Prior to the initial investment in the company of $25,000 by the sponsor, the company had no assets, tangible or intangible. The purchase price of the founder shares was determined by dividing the amount of cash contributed to the company by the number of founder shares issued.

The number of founder shares outstanding at the time of our Initial Public Offering was determined based on the expectation that the total size of this offering would be a maximum of 57,500,000 units if the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full, and therefore that such founder shares would represent 20% of the outstanding shares after this offering. In December 2020, 1,875,000 of the founder shares were forfeited because the underwriters’ did not exercise their over-allotment option. The founder shares will be worthless if we do not complete an initial business combination. In addition, our sponsor has committed to purchase an aggregate of 8,000,000 private placement warrants, (or up to 9,000,000 private placement warrants if the overallotment option is exercised in full) each exercisable to purchase one share of Class A common stock at $11.50 per share, at a price of $1.50 per warrant, or $12,000,000 (or up to $13,500,000 if the overallotment option is exercised in full), that will also be worthless if we do not complete our initial business combination. In addition, we have engaged Moelis & Company LLC, together with the representative of the underwriter, to act as our advisors in connection with the marketing of our business combination as described under “Underwriting — Business Combination Marketing Agreement” as set forth in our Prospectus dated October 27, 2020 filed with the SEC in connection with our IPO and we may engage Moelis as our lead financial advisor on our business combination and other transactions, in each case, with fees for such engagements to be conditioned upon the completion of the business combination. These personal and financial interests of our executive officers, directors and members of our Sponsor may influence their motivation in identifying and selecting a target business combination, completing an initial business combination and influencing the operation of the business following the initial business combination. This risk may become more acute as the 24-month anniversary of our Initial Public Offering, which is the deadline for our completion of an initial business combination.


None of Moelis or, any of its affiliates has an obligation to provide us with potential investment opportunities or to devote any specified amount of time or support to our company’s business.

Although we expect we may benefit from Moelis and its affiliates’ networks of relationships and processes for sourcing and evaluating potential acquisition targets, neither it nor any of its affiliates has any legal or contractual obligation to seek on our behalf or present to us investment opportunities that might be suitable for our business, and they may allocate any such opportunities at their discretion to us or other parties. We have no investment management, advisory, consulting or other agreement in place with Moelis or any of its affiliates that obligates them to undertake efforts on our behalf or that govern the manner in which they will allocate investment opportunities. Moreover, even if Moelis or one of its affiliates refers an opportunity to us, there can be no assurance that such an opportunity will result in an acquisition agreement or a business combination.

We engaged Moelis, a member and affiliate of our sponsor, as our lead financial advisor on our business combination and related transactions. The fees in connection with such engagements are conditioned upon the completion of such transactions. Prior to consummation of our Initial Public Offering, we engaged Moelis & Company LLC, together with the representative of the underwriters, to act as our advisors in connection with the marketing of our business combination and we will agree to pay the representative of the underwriters and Moelis & Company LLC the Marketing Fee upon consummation of our business combination. Financial interests in the completion of such transactions may influence the advice such affiliate provides.

We engaged Moelis & Company LLC, a member and affiliate of our sponsor as a financial advisor in connection with the Business Combination. Certain investment banking professionals of Moelis working on such engagement are members of our sponsor. In connection with such engagement, we have agreed to pay such affiliate a financial advisory fee and placement agency fee as described under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation— Advisory and Placement Agent Services Engagement Letters.”. Pursuant to any such engagement, the affiliate will earn its fees upon closing of the Business Combination. The payment of these fees is conditioned upon the completion of the Business Combination. If we do not complete the Business Combination, we may seek to engage Moelis & Company LLC or its affiliates, in connection with other initial business combinations with fees that are contingent upon closing of such initial business combination.

We engaged Moelis & Company LLC, together with the representative of the underwriters, to act as our advisors in connection with the marketing of our business combination and pay to Moelis & Company LLC and the representative of the underwriter a fee for such services upon consummation of our initial business combination as described under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation— Business Combination Marketing Agreement.”

Therefore, affiliates of our sponsor will have additional financial interests in the completion of the initial business combination. These financial interests may influence the advice any such affiliate provides us as our financial advisor, which advice would contribute to our decision on whether to pursue a business combination with any particular target.


We may compete with clients of Moelis or other affiliates of our sponsor, including the AC SPACS, for acquisition opportunities for our company, which could negatively impact our ability to locate a suitable business combination.

Our business strategy may overlap with some of the strategies of clients of Moelis and certain of its other affiliates. Moelis is an independent global investment bank. Acquisition opportunities that may be of interest to us may come to Moelis, its clients or other affiliates of our sponsor, including the AC SPACs, instead of us or may be pursued by those parties. Our affiliates are not restricted from competing with our business and none of our affiliates are required to refer any such opportunities to us. Our sponsor and its affiliates face conflicts of interest relating to performing services on our behalf and allocating investment opportunities to us, and such conflicts may not be resolved in our favor, meaning we could find less suitable acquisition opportunities which could limit our ability to find a business combination that we find attractive.

Conflicts may arise from Moelis’ affiliation with us, its provision of services both to us and to third-party clients, including the AC SPACs, as well as from actions undertaken by Moelis or its affiliates for its own account. In performing services for other clients and also when acting for its own account, Moelis may take commercial steps which may have an adverse effect on us. Moelis is often engaged as a financial advisor, or placement agent, to corporations and other entities and their directors and managers in connection with the sale of those entities, their assets or their subsidiaries. Clients generally require Moelis to act exclusively on their behalf and/or for other reasons, we may be precluded from attempting to acquire securities of the business being sold or otherwise participate as a buyer in the transaction. Alternatively, Moelis, or another affiliate of our sponsor, may be a financial advisor to a target business that we pursue a business combination with and Moelis, or another affiliate of our sponsor, may receive fees from the target business in connection with a business combination. Moelis also represents potential buyer’s businesses. Moelis may be incentivized to direct an opportunity to one of these buyers, thereby eliminating or reducing the investment opportunity available to us. For example, Moelis is engaged by AC I and AC II in connection with the marketing of a business combination by AC I and AC II, respectively. Moelis intends to be engaged by AC III, AC IV and AC V in connection with the marketing of a business combination of each such company. Moelis may be engaged from time to time by the AC SPACs to provide financial advisory and placement agency services in connection with such business combination. Moelis is a member of each of the sponsors of the AC SPACs and has, or will have, an economic interest in such AC SPACS.  Any of Moelis’ other activities may, individually or in the aggregate, have an adverse effect on us, and the interests of Moelis or its clients or counterparties may at times be adverse to ours.

We may issue notes or other debt securities, or otherwise incur substantial debt, to complete a business combination, which may adversely affect our leverage and financial condition and thus negatively impact the value of our stockholders’ investment in us.

Although we have no commitments as of the date of this Report to issue any notes or other debt securities, or to otherwise incur outstanding debt following this offering, we may choose to incur substantial debt to complete our initial business combination. We and our officers have agreed that we will not incur any indebtedness unless we have obtained from the lender a waiver of any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to the monies held in the trust account. As such, no issuance of debt will affect the per share amount available for redemption from the trust account. Nevertheless, the incurrence of debt could have a variety of negative effects, including:

• default and foreclosure on our assets if our operating revenues after an initial business combination are insufficient to repay our debt obligations;

•  acceleration of our obligations to repay the indebtedness even if we make all principal and interest payments when due if we breach certain covenants that require the maintenance of certain financial ratios or reserves without a waiver or renegotiation of that covenant;

•    our immediate payment of all principal and accrued interest, if any, if the debt is payable on demand;

•  our inability to obtain necessary additional financing if the debt contains covenants restricting our ability to obtain such financing while the debt is outstanding;

•    our inability to pay dividends on our Class A common stock;


•     using a substantial portion of our cash flow to pay principal and interest on our debt, which will reduce the funds available for dividends on our Class A common stock if declared, expenses, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes;

•    limitations on our flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in our business and in the industry in which we operate;

•    increased vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic, industry and competitive conditions and adverse changes in government regulation; and

•    limitations on our ability to borrow additional amounts for expenses, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements, execution of our strategy and other purposes and other disadvantages compared to our competitors who have less debt.

We may only be able to complete one business combination with the proceeds of our Initial Public Offering and the sale of the private placement warrants, which will cause us to be solely dependent on a single business which may have a limited number of products or services. This lack of diversification may negatively impact our operations and profitability.

The proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the private placement of warrants provided us with $482,500,000 (or $554,875,000 if the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full) that we may use to complete our initial business combination (after taking into account the $17,500,000 Marketing Fee being held in the trust account).

We may effectuate our initial business combination with a single target business or multiple target businesses simultaneously or within a short period of time. However, we may not be able to effectuate our initial business combination with more than one target business because of various factors, including the existence of complex accounting issues and the requirement that we prepare and file pro forma financial statements with the SEC that present operating results and the financial condition of several target businesses as if they had been operated on a combined basis. By completing our initial business combination with only a single entity, our lack of diversification may subject us to numerous economic, competitive and regulatory developments. Further, we would not be able to diversify our operations or benefit from the possible spreading of risks or offsetting of losses, unlike other entities which may have the resources to complete several business combinations in different industries or different areas of a single industry. Accordingly, the prospects for our success may be:

•        solely dependent upon the performance of a single business, property or asset, or

•        dependent upon the development or market acceptance of a single or limited number of products, processes or services.

This lack of diversification may subject us to numerous economic, competitive and regulatory risks, any or all of which may have a substantial adverse impact upon the particular industry in which we may operate subsequent to our initial business combination.

We may attempt to simultaneously complete business combinations with multiple prospective targets, which may hinder our ability to complete our initial business combination and give rise to increased costs and risks that could negatively impact our operations and profitability.

If we determine to simultaneously acquire several businesses that are owned by different sellers, we will need for each of such sellers to agree that our purchase of its business is contingent on the simultaneous closings of the other business combinations, which may make it more difficult for us, and delay our ability, to complete our initial business combination. With multiple business combinations, we could also face additional risks, including additional burdens and costs with respect to possible multiple negotiations and due diligence investigations (if there are multiple sellers) and the additional risks associated with the subsequent assimilation of the operations and services or products of the acquired companies in a single operating business. If we are unable to adequately address these risks, it could negatively impact our profitability and results of operations.


We may attempt to complete our initial business combination with a private company about which little information is available, which may result in a business combination with a company that is not as profitable as we suspected, if at all.

In pursuing our business combination strategy, we may seek to effectuate our initial business combination with a privately held company. Very little public information generally exists about private companies, and we could be required to make our decision on whether to pursue a potential initial business combination on the basis of limited information, which may result in a business combination with a company that is not as profitable as we suspected, if at all.

Our management may not be able to maintain control of a target business after our initial business combination. We cannot provide assurance that, upon loss of control of a target business, new management will possess the skills, qualifications or abilities necessary to profitably operate such business.

We may structure our initial business combination so that the post-transaction company in which our public stockholders own shares will own less than 100% of the equity interests or assets of a target business, but we will only complete such business combination if the post-transaction company owns or acquires 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the target or otherwise acquires a controlling interest in the target sufficient for us not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. We will not consider any transaction that does not meet such criteria. Even if the post-transaction company owns 50% or more of the voting securities of the target, our stockholders prior to the business combination may collectively own a minority interest in the post business combination company, depending on valuations ascribed to the target and us in the business combination. For example, we could pursue a transaction in which we issue a substantial number of new shares of Class A common stock in exchange for all of the outstanding capital stock of a target. In this case, we would acquire a 100% interest in the target. However, as a result of the issuance of a substantial number of new shares of Class A common stock, our stockholders immediately prior to such transaction could own less than a majority of our outstanding Class A common stock subsequent to such transaction. In addition, other minority stockholders may subsequently combine their holdings resulting in a single person or group obtaining a larger share of the company’s shares than we initially acquired. Accordingly, this may make it more likely that our management will not be able to maintain control of the target business.

We do not have a specified maximum redemption threshold. The absence of such a redemption threshold may make it possible for us to complete our initial business combination with which a substantial majority of our stockholders or warrant holders do not agree.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation does not provide a specified maximum redemption threshold, except that in no event will we redeem our public shares in an amount that would cause our net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001. In addition, our proposed initial business combination may impose a minimum cash requirement for: (i) cash consideration to be paid to the target or its owners, (ii) cash for working capital or other general corporate purposes or (iii) the retention of cash to satisfy other conditions. As a result, we may be able to complete our initial business combination even though a substantial majority of our public stockholders do not agree with the transaction and have redeemed their shares or, if we seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination and do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, have entered into privately negotiated agreements to sell their shares to our sponsor, officers, directors or any of their affiliates. In the event the aggregate cash consideration we would be required to pay for all shares of Class A common stock that are validly submitted for redemption plus any amount required to satisfy cash conditions pursuant to the terms of the proposed business combination exceed the aggregate amount of cash available to us, we will not complete the business combination or redeem any shares in connection with such initial business combination, all shares of Class A common stock submitted for redemption will be returned to the holders thereof, and we instead may search for an alternate business combination.


In order to effectuate an initial business combination, special purpose acquisition companies have, in the recent past, amended various provisions of their charters and other governing instruments, including their warrant agreements. We cannot assure you that we will not seek to amend our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or governing instruments in a manner that will make it easier for us to complete our initial business combination that our stockholders may not support.

In order to effectuate a business combination, special purpose acquisition companies have, in the recent past, amended various provisions of their charters and governing instruments, including their warrant agreements. For example, special purpose acquisition companies have amended the definition of business combination, increased redemption thresholds and extended the time to consummate an initial business combination and, with respect to their warrants, amended their warrant agreements to require the warrants to be exchanged for cash and/or other securities. Amending our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will require the approval of holders of 65% of our common stock, and amending our warrant agreement will require a vote of holders of at least a majority of the public warrants and, solely with respect to any amendment to the terms of the private placement warrants or any provision of the warrant agreement with respect to the private placement warrants, 50% of the number of then outstanding private placement warrants. In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation requires us to provide our public stockholders with the opportunity to redeem their public shares for cash if we propose an amendment to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete an initial business combination within 24 months of the closing of our Initial Public Offering or with respect to any other material provisions relating to stockholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity. To the extent any of such amendments would be deemed to fundamentally change the nature of the securities offered through this registration statement, we would register, or seek an exemption from registration for, the affected securities. We cannot assure you that we will not seek to amend our charter or governing instruments or extend the time to consummate an initial business combination in order to effectuate our initial business combination.

The provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation that relate to our pre-business combination activity (and corresponding provisions of the agreement governing the release of funds from our trust account) may be amended with the approval of holders of 65% of our common stock, which is a lower amendment threshold than that of some other special purpose acquisition companies. It may be easier for us, therefore, to amend our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to facilitate the completion of an initial business combination that some of our stockholders may not support.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that any of its provisions related to pre-business combination activity (including the requirement to deposit proceeds of our Initial Public Offering and the private placement of warrants into the trust account and not release such amounts except in specified circumstances, and to provide redemption rights to public stockholders as described herein) may be amended if approved by holders of 65% of our common stock entitled to vote thereon and corresponding provisions of the trust agreement governing the release of funds from our trust account may be amended if approved by holders of 65% of our common stock entitled to vote thereon. If we amend such provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, we will provide our public stockholders with the opportunity to redeem their public shares in connection with a stockholder meeting. In all other instances, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation may be amended by holders of a majority of our outstanding common stock entitled to vote thereon, subject to applicable provisions of the DGCL or applicable stock exchange rules. Our initial stockholders, who will collectively beneficially own 20% of our common stock upon the closing of our Initial Public Offering (assuming they do not purchase any units in our Initial Public Offering), may participate in any vote to amend our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and/or trust agreement and will have the discretion to vote in any manner they choose. As a result, we may be able to amend the provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation which govern our pre-business combination behavior more easily than some other special purpose acquisition companies, and this may increase our ability to complete a business combination with which you do not agree. Our stockholders may pursue remedies against us for any breach of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation.

Our sponsor, executive officers and directors have agreed, pursuant to written agreements with us, that they will not propose any amendment to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our Initial Public Offering or with respect to any other material provisions relating to stockholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity, unless we provide our public stockholders with the opportunity to redeem their Class A common stock upon approval of any such amendment at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account (which interest shall be net of taxes payable), divided by the number of then outstanding public shares. Our stockholders are not parties to, or third-party beneficiaries of, these agreements and, as a result, will not have the ability to pursue remedies against our sponsor, executive officers, directors or director nominees for any breach of these agreements. As a result, in the event of a breach, our stockholders would need to pursue a stockholder derivative action, subject to applicable law.


Certain agreements related to our Initial Public Offering may be amended without stockholder approval.

Each of the agreements related to our Initial Public Offering to which we are a party, other than the warrant agreement and the investment management trust agreement, may be amended without stockholder approval. Such agreements are: the underwriting agreement; the letter agreement among us and our initial stockholders, sponsor, officers and directors; the registration rights agreement among us and our initial stockholders; the private placement warrants purchase agreement between us and our sponsor; and the administrative services agreement among us, our sponsor and an affiliate of our sponsor. These agreements contain various provisions that our public stockholders might deem to be material. For example, our letter agreement and the underwriting agreement contain certain lock-up provisions with respect to the founder shares, private placement warrants and other securities held by our initial stockholders, sponsor, officers and directors. Amendments to such agreements would require the consent of the applicable parties thereto and would need to be approved by our board of directors, which may do so for a variety of reasons, including to facilitate our initial business combination. While we do not expect our board of directors to approve any amendment to any of these agreements prior to our initial business combination, it may be possible that our board of directors, in exercising its business judgment and subject to its fiduciary duties, chooses to approve one or more amendments to any such agreement. Any amendment entered into in connection with the consummation of our initial business combination will be disclosed in our proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable, related to such initial business combination, and any other material amendment to any of our material agreements will be disclosed in a filing with the SEC. Any such amendments would not require approval from our stockholders, may result in the completion of our initial business combination that may not otherwise have been possible, and may have an adverse effect on the value of an investment in our securities. For example, amendments to the lock-up provision discussed above may result in our initial stockholders selling their securities earlier than they would otherwise be permitted, which may have an adverse effect on the price of our securities.

We may be unable to obtain additional financing to complete our initial business combination or to fund the operations and growth of a target business, which could compel us to restructure or abandon a particular business combination.

We have not selected any specific business combination target but intend to target businesses with enterprise values that are greater than we could acquire with the net proceeds of our Initial Public Offering and the sale of the private placement warrants. As a result, if the cash portion of the purchase price exceeds the amount available from the trust account, net of amounts needed to satisfy any redemption by public stockholders, we may be required to seek additional financing to complete such proposed initial business combination. We cannot assure you that such financing will be available on acceptable terms, if at all. To the extent that additional financing proves to be unavailable when needed to complete our initial business combination, we would be compelled to either restructure the transaction or abandon that particular business combination and seek an alternative target business candidate. Further, we may be required to obtain additional financing in connection with the closing of our initial business combination for general corporate purposes, including for maintenance or expansion of operations of the post-transaction businesses, the payment of principal or interest due on indebtedness incurred in completing our initial business combination, or to fund the purchase of other companies. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public stockholders may only receive their pro rata portion of the funds in the trust account that are available for distribution to public stockholders, and our warrants will expire worthless. In addition, even if we do not need additional financing to complete our initial business combination, we may require such financing to fund the operations or growth of the target business. The failure to secure additional financing could have a material adverse effect on the continued development or growth of the target business. None of our officers, directors or stockholders is required to provide any financing to us in connection with or after our initial business combination.


Our warrants may have an adverse effect on the market price of our shares of Class A common stock and make it more difficult to effectuate our initial business combination.

We issued warrants to purchase 16,666,667 shares of our Class A common stock as part of the units offered in our Initial Public Offering and, simultaneously with the closing of our Initial Public Offering, we issued in a private placement an aggregate of 8,000,000 private placement warrants each exercisable to purchase one share of Class A common stock at $11.50 per share, at a price of $1.50 per warrant, or $12,000,000. In addition, if our sponsor or an affiliate of our sponsor or certain of our officers and directors makes any working capital loans, such lender may convert those loans into up to an additional 1,000,000 private placement warrants, at the price of $1.50 per warrant. To the extent we issue common stock to effectuate a business transaction, the potential for the issuance of a substantial number of additional shares of Class A common stock upon exercise of these warrants could make us a less attractive acquisition vehicle to a target business. Such warrants, when exercised, will increase the number of issued and outstanding shares of Class A common stock and reduce the value of the Class A common stock issued to complete the business transaction. Therefore, our warrants may make it more difficult to effectuate a business transaction or increase the cost of acquiring the target business.

Because each unit contains one-third of one warrant and only a whole warrant may be exercised, the units may be worth less than units of other special purpose acquisition companies.

Each unit contains one-third of one warrant. Pursuant to the warrant agreement, no fractional warrants will be issued upon separation of the units, and only whole units will trade. If, upon exercise of the warrants, a holder would be entitled to receive a fractional interest in a share, we will, upon exercise, round down to the nearest whole number the number of shares of Class A common stock to be issued to the warrant holder. This is different from other offerings similar to ours whose units include one common share and one warrant to purchase one whole share. We have established the components of the units in this way in order to reduce the dilutive effect of the warrants upon completion of a business combination since the warrants will be exercisable in the aggregate for one-third of the number of shares compared to units that each contain a whole warrant to purchase one share, thus making us, we believe, a more attractive merger partner for target businesses. Nevertheless, this unit structure may cause our units to be worth less than if it included a warrant to purchase one whole share.

Unlike some other similarly structured special purpose acquisition companies, our initial stockholders will receive additional shares of Class A common stock if we issue certain shares to consummate an initial business combination.

The founder shares will automatically convert into shares of Class A common stock upon the consummation of our initial business combination on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like, and subject to further adjustment as provided herein. In the case that additional shares of Class A common stock or equity-linked securities are issued or deemed issued in connection with our initial business combination, the number of shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of all founder shares will equal, in the aggregate, on an as-converted basis, 20% of the total number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding after such conversion, including the total number of shares of Class A common stock issued, or deemed issued or issuable upon conversion or exercise of any equity-linked securities or rights issued or deemedoriginally issued by the company in connection with or in relation to the consummation of the initial business combination, excluding any shares of Class A common stock or equity-linked securities or rights exercisable for or convertible into shares of Class A common stock issued, or to be issued, to any seller in the initial business combination and any private placement warrants issued to our sponsor, officers or directors upon conversion of working capital loans, provided that such conversion of founder shares will never occur on a less than one-for-one basis. This is different than some other similarly structured special purpose acquisition companies in which the initial stockholders will only be issued an aggregate of 20% of the total number of shares to be outstanding prior to our initial business combination.


Because we must furnish our stockholders with target business financial statements, we may lose the ability to complete an otherwise advantageous initial business combination with some prospective target businesses.

The federal proxy rules require that the proxy statement with respect to the vote on an initial business combination include historical and pro forma financial statement disclosure. We will include the same financial statement disclosure in connection with our tender offer documents, whether or not they are required under the tender offer rules. These financial statements may be required to be prepared in accordance with, or be reconciled to, accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), or international financial reporting standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS”), depending on the circumstances and the historical financial statements may be required to be audited in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”). These financial statement requirements may limit the pool of potential target businesses we may acquire because some targets may be unable to provide such financial statements in time for us to disclose such statements in accordance with federal proxy rules and complete our initial business combination within the prescribed time frame.

Compliance obligations under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may make it more difficult for us to effectuate our initial business combination, require substantial financial and management resources, and increase the time and costs of completing an initial business combination.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we evaluate and report on our system of internal controls beginning with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2021. Only in the event we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer or an accelerated filer, and no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, will we be required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirement on our internal control over financial reporting. Further, for as long as we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirement on our internal control over financial reporting. The fact that we are a blank check company makes compliance with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act particularly burdensome on us as compared to other public companies because a target business with which we seek to complete our initial business combination may not be in compliance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act regarding adequacy of its internal controls. The development of the internal control of any such entity to achieve compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may increase the time and costs necessary to complete any such business combination.

If we effect our initial business combination with a company located outside of the United States, we would be subject to a variety of additional risks that may adversely affect us.

If we pursue a target company with operations or opportunities outside of the United States for our initial business combination, we may face additional burdens in connection with investigating, agreeing to and completing such initial business combination, and if we effect such initial business combination, we would be subject to a variety of additional risks that may negatively impact our operations.

If we pursue a target a company with operations or opportunities outside of the United States for our initial business combination, we would be subject to risks associated with cross-border business combinations, including in connection with investigating, agreeing to and completing our initial business combination, conducting due diligence in a foreign jurisdiction, having such transaction approved by any local governments, regulators or agencies and changes in the purchase price based on fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.

If we effect our initial business combination with such a company, we would be subject to any special considerations or risks associated with companies operating in an international setting, including any of the following:

•        costs and difficulties inherent in managing cross-border business operations;

•        rules and regulations regarding currency redemption;

•        complex corporate withholding taxes on individuals;

•        laws governing the manner in which future business combinations may be effected;


•        exchange listing and/or delisting requirements;

•        tariffs and trade barriers;

•        regulations related to customs and import/export matters;

•        local or regional economic policies and market conditions;

•        unexpected changes in regulatory requirements;

•        challenges in managing and staffing international operations;

•        longer payment cycles;

•        tax issues, such as tax law changes and variations in tax laws as compared to the United States;

•        currency fluctuations and exchange controls;

•        rates of inflation;

•        challenges in collecting accounts receivable;

•        cultural and language differences;

•        employment regulations;

•        underdeveloped or unpredictable legal or regulatory systems;

•        corruption;

•        protection of intellectual property;

•        social unrest, crime, strikes, riots and civil disturbances;

•        regime changes and political upheaval;

•        terrorist attacks and wars; and

•        deterioration of political relations with the United States.

We may not be able to adequately address these additional risks. If we were unable to do so, we may be unable to complete such initial business combination, or, if we complete such initial business combination, our operations might suffer, either of which may adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As the number of special purpose acquisition companies evaluating targets increases, attractive targets may become scarcer and there may be more competition for attractive targets. This could increase the cost of our initial business combination and could even result in our inability to find a target or to consummate an initial business combination.

In recent years, the number of special purpose acquisition companies that have been formed has increased substantially. Many potential targets for special purpose acquisition companies have already entered into an initial business combination, and there are still many special purpose acquisition companies seeking targets for their initial business combination, as well as many such companies currently in registration. As a result, at times, fewer attractive targets may be available, and it may require more time, more effort and more resources to identify a suitable target and to consummate an initial business combination.

In addition, because there are more special purpose acquisition companies seeking to enter into an initial business combination with available targets, the competition for available targets with attractive fundamentals or business models may increase, which could cause targets companies to demand improved financial terms. Attractive deals could also become scarcer for other reasons, such as economic or industry sector downturns, geopolitical tensions, or increases in the cost of additional capital needed to close business combinations or operate targets post-business combination. This could increase the cost of, delay or otherwise complicate or frustrate our ability to find and consummate an initial business combination, and may result in our inability to consummate an initial business combination on terms favorable to our investors altogether.


We may not have sufficient funds to satisfy indemnification claims of our directors and executive officers.

We have agreed to indemnify our officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted by law. However, our officers and directors have agreed to waive any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies in the trust account and to not seek recourse against the trust account for any reason whatsoever. Accordingly, any indemnification provided will be able to be satisfied by us only if (i) we have sufficient funds outside of the trust account or (ii) we consummate an initial business combination. Our obligation to indemnify our officers and directors may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against our officers or directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions also may have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against our officers and directors, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. Furthermore, a stockholder’s investment may be adversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against our officers and directors pursuant to these indemnification provisions.

We may not hold an annual meeting of stockholders until after the consummation of our initial business combination, which could delay the opportunity for our stockholders to elect directors.

In accordance with the NYSE corporate governance requirements, we are not required to hold an annual meeting until no later than one year after our first full fiscal year end following our listing on the NYSE. Under Section 211(b) of the DGCL, we are, however, required to hold an annual meeting of stockholders for the purposes of electing directors in accordance with our bylaws unless such election is made by written consent in lieu of such a meeting. We may not hold an annual meeting of stockholders to elect new directors prior to the consummation of our initial business combination, and thus we may not be in compliance with Section 211(b) of the DGCL, which requires an annual meeting. Therefore, if our stockholders want us to hold an annual meeting prior to the consummation of our initial business combination, they may attempt to force us to hold one by submitting an application to the Delaware Court of Chancery in accordance with Section 211(c) of the DGCL.

Risks Related to Our Trust Account

The securities in which we invest the funds held in the trust account could bear a negative rate of interest, which could reduce the value of the assets held in trust such that the per-share redemption amount received by public shareholders may be less than $10.00 per share.

The proceeds held in the trust account will be invested only in U.S. government treasury obligations with a maturity of 185 days or less or in money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act, which invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations. While short-term U.S. government treasury obligations currently yield a positive rate of interest, they have briefly yielded negative interest rates in recent years. Central banks in Europe and Japan pursued interest rates below zero in recent years, and the Open Market Committee of the Federal Reserve has not ruled out the possibility that it may in the future adopt similar policies in the United States. In the event that we are unable to complete our initial business combination or make certain amendments to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our public shareholders are entitled to receive their pro-rata share of the proceeds held in the trust account, plus any interest income, net of taxes paid or payable (less, in the case we are unable to complete our initial business combination, $100,000 of interest). Negative interest rates could reduce the value of the assets held in trust such that the per-share redemption amount received by public shareholders may be less than $10.00 per share.

You will not have any rights or interests in funds from the trust account, except under certain limited circumstances. Therefore, to liquidate your investment, you may be forced to sell your public shares or warrants, potentially at a loss.

Our public stockholders will be entitled to receive funds from the trust account only upon the earlier to occur of: (i) our completion of an initial business combination, and then only in connection with those shares of Class A common stock that such stockholder properly elected to redeem, subject to the limitations described herein, (ii) the redemption of any public shares properly tendered in connection with a stockholder vote to amend our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our Initial Public Offering or with respect to any other material provisions relating to stockholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity, and (iii) the redemption of our public shares if we are unable to complete an initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our Initial Public Offering, subject to applicable law and as further described herein. In addition, if our plan to redeem our public shares if we are unable to complete an initial business combination within 24 months from the closing or our Initial Public Offering is not completed for any reason, compliance with Delaware law may require that we submit a plan of dissolution to our then-existing stockholders for approval prior to the distribution of the proceeds held in our trust account. In that case, public stockholders may be forced to wait beyond 24 months from the closing of our Initial Business Combination before they receive funds from our trust account. In no other circumstances will a public stockholder have any right or interest of any kind in the trust account. Holders of warrants will not have any right to the proceeds held in the trust account with respect to the warrants. Accordingly, to liquidate your investment, you may be forced to sell your public shares or warrants, potentially at a loss.


If third parties bring claims against us, the proceeds held in the trust account could be reduced and the per-share redemption amount received by stockholders may be less than $10.00 per share.

Our placing of funds in the trust account may not protect those funds from third party claims against us. Although we will seek to have all vendors, service providers (other than our independent auditors), prospective target businesses and other entities with which we do business execute agreements with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies held in the trust account for the benefit of our public stockholders, such parties may not execute such agreements, or even if they execute such agreements they may not be prevented from bringing claims against the trust account, including, but not limited to, fraudulent inducement, breach of fiduciary responsibility or other similar claims, as well as claims challenging the enforceability of the waiver, in each case in order to gain advantage with respect to a claim against our assets, including the funds held in the trust account. If any third party refuses to execute an agreement waiving such claims to the monies held in the trust account, our management will consider whether competitive alternatives are reasonably available to us and will only enter into an agreement with such third party if management believes that such third party’s engagement would be in the best interests of the company under the circumstances. The underwriters of our Initial Public Offering and our registered independent public accounting firm have not executed agreements with us waiving such claims to the monies held in the trust account.

Examples of possible instances where we may engage a third party that refuses to execute a waiver include the engagement of a third party consultant whose particular expertise or skills are believed by management to be significantly superior to those of other consultants that would agree to execute a waiver or in cases where management is unable to find a service provider willing to execute a waiver. In addition, there is no guarantee that such entities will agree to waive any claims they may have in the future as a result of, or arising out of, any negotiations, contracts or agreements with us and will not seek recourse against the trust account for any reason. Upon redemption of our public shares, if we are unable to complete our initial business combination within the prescribed timeframe, or upon the exercise of a redemption right in connection with our initial business combination, we will be required to provide for payment of claims of creditors that were not waived that may be brought against us within the 10 years following redemption. Accordingly, the per-share redemption amount received by public stockholders could be less than the $10.00 per public share initially held in the trust account, due to claims of such creditors. Pursuant to the letter agreement the form of which is filed as an exhibit to the Form 8-K filed on November 2, 2020 in connection with our Initial Public Offering, our sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to us if and to the extent any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to us, or a prospective target business with which we have entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or other similar agreement or business combination agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the trust account to below the lesser of (i) $10.00 per public share and (ii) the actual amount per public share held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account, if less than $10.00 per public share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, less taxes payable, provided that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective target business who executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the trust account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable) nor will it apply to any claims under our indemnity of the underwriters of our Initial Public Offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. However, we have not asked our sponsor to reserve for such indemnification obligations, nor have we independently verified whether our sponsor has sufficient funds to satisfy its indemnity obligations and we believe that our sponsor’s only assets are securities of our company. Therefore, we cannot assure you that our sponsor would be able to satisfy those obligations. As a result, if any such claims were successfully made against the trust account, the funds available for our initial business combination and redemptions could be reduced to less than $10.00 per public share. In such event, we may not be able to complete our initial business combination, and you would receive such lesser amount per share in connection with any redemption of your public shares. None of our officers or directors will indemnify us for claims by third parties including, without limitation, claims by vendors and prospective target businesses.


Our directors may decide not to enforce the indemnification obligations of our sponsor, resulting in a reduction in the amount of funds in the trust account available for distribution to our public stockholders.

In the event that the proceeds in the trust account are reduced below the lesser of (i) $10.00 per share and (ii) the actual amount per public share held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account if less than $10.00 per public share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, in each case less taxes payable, and our sponsor asserts that it is unable to satisfy its obligations or that it has no indemnification obligations related to a particular claim, our independent directors would determine whether to take legal action against our sponsor to enforce its indemnification obligations. While we currently expect that our independent directors would take legal action on our behalf against our sponsor to enforce its indemnification obligations to us, it is possible that our independent directors in exercising their business judgment and subject to their fiduciary duties may choose not to do so in any particular instance. If our independent directors choose not to enforce these indemnification obligations, the amount of funds in the trust account available for distribution to our public stockholders may be reduced below $10.00 per share.

If, after we distribute the proceeds in the trust account to our public stockholders, we file a bankruptcy petition or an involuntary bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, a bankruptcy court may seek to recover such proceeds, and the members of our board of directors may be viewed as having breached their fiduciary duties to our creditors, thereby exposing the members of our board of directors and us to claims of punitive damages.

If, after we distribute the proceeds in the trust account to our public stockholders, we file a bankruptcy petition or an involuntary bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, any distributions received by stockholders could be viewed under applicable debtor/creditor and/or bankruptcy laws as either a “preferential transfer” or a “fraudulent conveyance.” As a result, a bankruptcy court could seek to recover some or all amounts received by our stockholders. In addition, our board of directors may be viewed as having breached its fiduciary duty to our creditors and/or having acted in bad faith, by paying public stockholders from the trust account prior to addressing the claims of creditors, thereby exposing itself and us to claims of punitive damages.

If, before distributing the proceeds in the trust account to our public stockholders, we file a bankruptcy petition or an involuntary bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, the claims of creditors in such proceeding may have priority over the claims of our stockholders and the per-share amount that would otherwise be received by our stockholders in connection with our liquidation may be reduced.

If, before distributing the proceeds in the trust account to our public stockholders, we file a bankruptcy petition or an involuntary bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, the proceeds held in the trust account could be subject to applicable bankruptcy law, and may be included in our bankruptcy estate and subject to the claims of third parties with priority over the claims of our stockholders. To the extent any bankruptcy claims deplete the trust account, the per-share amount that would otherwise be received by our stockholders in connection with our liquidation may be reduced.

If the net proceeds of our Initial Public Offering not being held in the trust account are insufficient to allow us to operate through closing of the Business Combination we may need to raise additional capital from our Sponsor and if the Business Combination is not consummated, , it could limit the amount available to fund our search for a target business or businesses and complete our initial business combination, and we will depend on loans from our sponsor or management team to fund our search and to complete our initial business combination.

As of March 1, 2021, approximately $603,000 was available to us outside the trust account to fund our working capital requirements. We believe the funds available to us outside of the trust account will be sufficient to allow us to operate through the closing of our Business Combination. If we do not consummate the Business Combination, we might not have sufficient funds to continue searching for, or conduct due diligence with respect to, a target business. Of the funds available to us, we have used a portion of the funds available to us to pay fees to consultants to assist us with our search for a target business. We could also use a portion of the funds as a down payment or to fund a “no-shop” provision (a provision in letters of intent or merger agreements designed to keep target businesses from “shopping” around for transactions with other companies or investors on terms more favorable to such target businesses) with respect to a particular proposed business combination, although we are not doing so in connection with the Business Combination.


If we are required to seek additional capital, we would need to borrow funds from our sponsor, management team or other third parties to operate or may be forced to liquidate. Neither our sponsor, members of our management team nor any of their affiliates is under any obligation to advance funds to us in such circumstances. Any such advances would be repaid only from funds held outside the trust account or from funds released to us upon completion of our initial business combination. Up to $1,500,000 of such loans may be convertible into warrants of the post-business combination entity at a price of $1.50 per warrant at the option of the lender. The warrants would be identical to the private placement warrants. Prior to the completion of our initial business combination, we do not expect to seek loans from parties other than our sponsor or an affiliate of our sponsor as we do not believe third parties will be willing to loan such funds and provide a waiver against any and all rights to seek access to funds in our trust account. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination because we do not have sufficient funds available to us, we will be forced to cease operations and liquidate the trust account. Consequently, our public stockholders may only receive an estimated $10.00 per share, or possibly less, on our redemption of our public shares, and our warrants will expire worthless.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock and the Securities Market

The NYSE may delist our securities from trading on its exchange, which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in our securities and subject us to additional trading restrictions.

We cannot assure you that we will continue to meet minimum initial listing standards to continue to be listed on the NYSE in the future or prior to our initial business combination. In order to continue listing our securities on the NYSE prior to our initial business combination, we must maintain certain financial, distribution and stock price levels. Generally, we must maintain a minimum number of holders of our securities (400 public holders). Additionally, in connection with our initial business combination, we will be required to demonstrate compliance with the NYSE’s initial listing requirements, which are more rigorous than the NYSE’s continued listing requirements, in order to continue to maintain the listing of our securities on the NYSE. For instance, our stock price would generally be required to be at least $4.00 per share. We cannot assure you that we will be able to meet those initial listing requirements at that time.

If the NYSE delists our securities from trading on its exchange and we are not able to list our securities on another national securities exchange, we expect our securities could be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:

•        a limited availability of market quotations for our securities;

•        reduced liquidity for our securities;

•        a determination that our Class A common stock is a “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in our Class A common stock to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities;

•        a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and

•        a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.

The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996, which is a federal statute, prevents or preempts the states from regulating the sale of certain securities, which are referred to as “covered securities.” Because our units and our Class A common stock and warrants are be listed on the NYSE, our units, Class A common stock and warrants will be covered securities. Although the states are preempted from regulating the sale of our securities, the federal statute does allow the states to investigate companies if there is a suspicion of fraud, and, if there is a finding of fraudulent activity, then the states can regulate or bar the sale of covered securities in a particular case. While we are not aware of a state having used these powers to prohibit or restrict the sale of securities issued by blank check companies, other than the State of Idaho, certain state securities regulators view blank check companies unfavorably and might use these powers, or threaten to use these powers, to hinder the sale of securities of blank check companies in their states. Further, if we were no longer listed on the NYSE, our securities would not be covered securities and we would be subject to regulation in each state in which we offer our securities, including in connection with our initial business combination.


You will not be entitled to protections normally afforded to investors of many other blank check companies.

Since the net proceeds of our Initial Public Offering and the sale of the private placement warrants are intended to be used to complete an initial business combination with a target business that has not been selected, we may be deemed to be a “blank check” company under the United States securities laws. However, because we have net tangible assets in excess of $5,000,000 upon the completion of our Initial Public Offering and the sale of the private placement warrants and filed a Current Report on Form 8-K, including an audited balance sheet demonstrating this fact, we are exempt from rules promulgated by the SEC to protect investors in blank check companies, such as Rule 419. Accordingly, investors will not be afforded the benefits or protections of those rules. Among other things, this means our units will be immediately tradable and we will have a longer period of time to complete our initial business combination than do companies subject to Rule 419. Moreover, if our Initial Public Offering were subject to Rule 419, that rule would prohibit the release of any interest earned on funds held in the trust account to us unless and until the funds in the trust account were released to us in connection with our completion of an initial business combination.

If we are deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we may be required to institute burdensome compliance requirements and our activities may be restricted, which may make it difficult for us to complete our initial business combination.

If we are deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, our activities may be restricted, including:

•        restrictions on the nature of our investments; and

•        restrictions on the issuance of securities, each of which may make it difficult for us to complete our initial business combination. In addition, we may have imposed upon us burdensome requirements, including:

•        registration as an investment company with the SEC;

•        adoption of a specific form of corporate structure; and

•        reporting, record keeping, voting, proxy and disclosure requirements and other rules and regulations that we are not subject to.

In order not to be regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, unless we can qualify for an exclusion, we must ensure that we are engaged primarily in a business other than investing, reinvesting or trading of securities and that our activities do not include investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading “investment securities” constituting more than 40% of our assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. Our business will be to identify and complete a business combination and thereafter to operate the post-transaction business or assets for the long term. We do not plan to buy businesses or assets with a view to resale or profit from their resale. We do not plan to buy unrelated businesses or assets or to be a passive investor.


We do not believe that our anticipated principal activities will subject us to the Investment Company Act. To this end, the proceeds held in the trust account may only be invested in United States “government securities” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act having a maturity of 185 days or less or in money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule 2a-7 promulgated under the Investment Company Act which invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations. Pursuant to the trust agreement, the trustee is not permitted to invest in other securities or assets. By restricting the investment of the proceeds to these instruments, and by having a business plan targeted at acquiring and growing businesses for the long term (rather than on buying and selling businesses in the manner of a merchant bank or private equity fund), we intend to avoid being deemed an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act. Our public securities are not intended for persons who are seeking a return on investments in government securities or investment securities. The trust account is intended as a holding place for funds pending the earliest to occur of either: (i) the completion of our initial business combination; (ii) the redemption of any public shares properly tendered in connection with a stockholder vote to amend our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our Initial Public Offering; and (iii) absent an initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our Initial Public Offering or with respect to any other material provisions relating to stockholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity, our return of the funds held in the trust account to our public stockholders as part of our redemption of the public shares. If we do not invest the proceeds as discussed above, we may be deemed to be subject to the Investment Company Act. If we were deemed to be subject to the Investment Company Act, compliance with these additional regulatory burdens would require additional expenses for which we have not allotted funds and may hinder our ability to complete a business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination, our public stockholders may only receive their pro rata portion of the funds in the trust account that are available for distribution to public stockholders, and our warrants will expire worthless.

Our stockholders may be held liable for claims by third parties against us to the extent of distributions received by them upon redemption of their shares.

Under the DGCL, stockholders may be held liable for claims by third parties against a corporation to the extent of distributions received by them in a dissolution. The pro rata portion of our trust account distributed to our public stockholders upon the redemption of our public shares in the event we do not complete our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our Initial Public Offering may be considered a liquidating distribution under Delaware law. If a corporation complies with certain procedures set forth in Section 280 of the DGCL intended to ensure that it makes reasonable provision for all claims against it, including a 60-day notice period during which any third-party claims can be brought against the corporation, a 90-day period during which the corporation may reject any claims brought, and an additional 150-day waiting period before any liquidating distributions are made to stockholders, any liability of stockholders with respect to a liquidating distribution is limited to the lesser of such stockholder’s pro rata share of the claim or the amount distributed to the stockholder, and any liability of the stockholder would be barred after the third anniversary of the dissolution. However, it is our intention to redeem our public shares as soon as reasonably possible following the 24th month from the closing of our Initial Public Offering ng in the event we do not complete our initial business combination and, therefore, we do not intend to comply with the foregoing procedures.

Because we will not be complying with Section 280, Section 281(b) of the DGCL requires us to adopt a plan, based on facts known to us at such time that will provide for our payment of all existing and pending claims or claims that may be potentially brought against us within the 10 years following our dissolution. However, because we are a blank check company, rather than an operating company, and our operations will be limited to searching for prospective target businesses to acquire, the only likely claims to arise would be from our vendors (such as lawyers, investment bankers, etc.) or prospective target businesses. If our plan of distribution complies with Section 281(b) of the DGCL, any liability of stockholders with respect to a liquidating distribution is limited to the lesser of such stockholder’s pro rata share of the claim or the amount distributed to the stockholder, and any liability of the stockholder would likely be barred after the third anniversary of the dissolution. We cannot assure you that we will properly assess all claims that may be potentially brought against us. As such, our stockholders could potentially be liable for any claims to the extent of distributions received by them (but no more) and any liability of our stockholders may extend beyond the third anniversary of such date. Furthermore, if the pro rata portion of our trust account distributed to our public stockholders upon the redemption of our public shares in the event we do not complete our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of our Initial Public Offering is not considered a liquidating distribution under Delaware law and such redemption distribution is deemed to be unlawful (potentially due to the imposition of legal proceedings that a party may bring or due to other circumstances that are currently unknown), then pursuant to Section 174 of the DGCL, the statute of limitations for claims of creditors could then be six years after the unlawful redemption distribution, instead of three years, as in the case of a liquidating distribution.


Our initial stockholders control a substantial interest in us and thus may exert a substantial influence on actions requiring a stockholder vote, potentially in a manner that you do not support.

Our initial stockholders own 20% of our issued and outstanding common stock. Accordingly, they may exert a substantial influence on actions requiring a stockholder vote, potentially in a manner that you do not support, including amendments to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. If our initial stockholders purchase any additional Class A common stock in the aftermarket or in privately negotiated transactions, this would increase their control. Neither our initial stockholders nor, to our knowledge, any of our officers or directors, have any current intention to purchase additional securities, other than as disclosed in this Report. Factors that would be considered in making such additional purchases would include consideration of the current trading price of our Class A common stock. In addition, our board of directors, whose members were elected by our sponsor, is and will be divided into three classes, each of which will generally serve for a terms for three years with only one class of directors being elected in each year. We may not hold an annual meeting of stockholders to elect new directors prior to the completion of our initial business combination, in which case all of the current directors will continue in office until at least the completion of the business combination. As a consequence of our “staggered” board of directors, only a minority of the board of directors will be considered for election at our annual meetings of stockholders prior to the consummation of our initial business combination, and our initial stockholders, because of their ownership position, will have considerable influence regarding the outcome. Accordingly, our initial stockholders will continue to exert control at least until the completion of our initial business combination.

We may amend the terms of the warrants in a manner that may be adverse to holders of public warrants with the approval by the holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding public warrants. As a result, the exercise price of your warrants could be increased, the exercise period could be shortened and the number of shares of Class A common stock purchasable upon exercise of a warrant could be decreased, all without your approval.

Our warrants will be issued in registered form under a warrant agreement between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, and us. The warrant agreement provides that the terms of the warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder to cure any ambiguity or correct any defective provision, but requires the approval by the holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding public warrants to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders of public warrants. Accordingly, we may amend the terms of the public warrants in a manner adverse to a holder if holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding public warrants approve of such amendment. Although our ability to amend the terms of the public warrants with the consent of at least a majority of the then outstanding public warrants is unlimited, examples of such amendments could be amendments to, among other things, increase the exercise price of the warrants, convert the warrants into cash or stock (at a ratio different than initially provided), shorten the exercise period or decrease the number of shares of Class A common stock purchasable upon exercise of a warrant.

Our warrant agreement will designate the courts of the State of New York or the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by holders of our warrants, which could limit the ability of warrant holders to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with our company.

Our warrant agreement will provide that, subject to applicable law, (i) any action, proceeding or claim against us arising out of or relating in any way to the warrant agreement, including under the Securities Act, will be brought and enforced in the courts of the State of New York or the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, and (ii) that we irrevocably submit to such jurisdiction, which jurisdiction shall be the exclusive forum for any such action, proceeding or claim. We will waive any objection to such exclusive jurisdiction and that such courts represent an inconvenient forum.


Notwithstanding the foregoing, these provisions of the warrant agreement will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal district courts of the United States of America are the sole and exclusive forum. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any of our warrants shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the forum provisions in our warrant agreement. If any action, the subject matter of which is within the scope the forum provisions of the warrant agreement, is filed in a court other than a court of the State of New York or the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (a “foreign action”) in the name of any holder of our warrants, such holder shall be deemed to have consented to: (x) the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located in the State of New York in connection with any action brought in any such court to enforce the forum provisions (an “enforcement action”), and (y) having service of process made upon such warrant holder in any such enforcement action by service upon such warrant holder’s counsel in the foreign action as agent for such warrant holder.

This choice-of-forum provision may limit a warrant holder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with our company, which may discourage such lawsuits. Alternatively, if a court were to find this provision of our warrant agreement inapplicable or unenforceable with respect to one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and result in a diversion of the time and resources of our management and board of directors.

We may redeem your unexpired warrants prior to their exercise at a time that is disadvantageous to you, thereby making your warrants worthless.

We have the ability to redeem outstanding warrants at any time after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, at a price of $0.01 per warrant, provided that the closing price of our Class A common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading-day period commencing once the warrants become exercisable and ending on the third trading day prior to proper notice of such redemption provided that on the date we give notice of redemption. We will not redeem the warrants unless an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants is effective and a current prospectus relating to those shares of Class A common stock is available throughout the 30-day redemption period, except if the warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis and such cashless exercise is exempt from registration under the Securities Act. If and when the warrants become redeemable by us, we may exercise our redemption right even if we are unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws. Redemption of the outstanding warrants could force you to (i) exercise your warrants and pay the exercise price therefor at a time when it may be disadvantageous for you to do so, (ii) sell your warrants at the then current market price when you might otherwise wish to hold your warrants or (iii) accept the nominal redemption price which, at the time the outstanding warrants are called for redemption, is likely to be substantially less than the market value of your warrants. None of the private placement warrants will be redeemable by us so long as they are held by their initial purchasers or their permitted transferees.

You will not be permitted to exercise your warrants unless we register and qualify the underlying Class A common stock or certain exemptions are available.

If the issuance of the Class A common stock upon exercise of the warrants is not registered, qualified or exempt from registration or qualification under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws, holders of warrants will not be entitled to exercise such warrants and such warrants may have no value and expire worthless. In such event, holders who acquired their warrants as part of a purchase of units will have paid the full unit purchase price solely for the Class A common stock included in the units.

We are not registering the Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants under the Securities Act or any state securities laws at this time. However, under the terms of the warrant agreement, we have agreed that, as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 15 business days, after the closing of our initial business combination, we will use our best efforts to file with the SEC a registration statement covering the registration under the Securities Act of the Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants and thereafter will use our best efforts to cause the same to become effective within 60 business days following our initial business combination and to maintain a current prospectus relating to the Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants until the expiration of the warrants in accordance with the provisions of the warrant agreement. We cannot assure you that we will be able to do so if, for example, any facts or events arise which represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement or prospectus, the financial statements contained or incorporated by reference therein are not current or correct or the SEC issues a stop order.


If the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants are not registered under the Securities Act, under the terms of the warrant agreement, holders of warrants who seek to exercise their warrants will not be permitted to do so for cash and, instead, will be required to do so on a cashless basis in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act or another exemption.

In no event will warrants be exercisable for cash or on a cashless basis, and we will not be obligated to issue any shares to holders seeking to exercise their warrants, unless the issuance of the shares upon such exercise is registered or qualified under the securities laws of the state of the exercising holder, or an exemption from registration or qualification is available.

If our shares of Class A common stock are at the time of any exercise of a warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that they satisfy the definition of “covered securities” under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act, we may, at our option, not permit holders of warrants who seek to exercise their warrants to do so for cash and, instead, require them to do so on a cashless basis in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act; in the event we so elect, we will not be required to file or maintain in effect a registration statement or register or qualify the shares underlying the warrants under applicable state securities laws, and in the event we do not so elect, we will use our best efforts to register or qualify the shares underlying the warrants under applicable state securities laws to the extent an exemption is not available.

In no event will we be required to net cash settle any warrant, or issue securities (other than upon a cashless exercise as described above) or other compensation in exchange for the warrants in the event that we are unable to register or qualify the shares underlying the warrants under the Securities Act or applicable state securities laws.

You may only be able to exercise your public warrants on a “cashless basis” under certain circumstances, and if you do so, you will receive fewer shares of Class A common stock from such exercise than if you were to exercise such warrants for cash.

The warrant agreement provides that in the following circumstances holders of warrants who seek to exercise their warrants will not be permitted to do for cash and will, instead, be required to do so on a cashless basis in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act: (i) if the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants are not registered under the Securities Act in accordance with the terms of the warrant agreement; (ii) if we have so elected and the shares of Class A common stock is at the time of any exercise of a warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that they satisfy the definition of “covered securities” under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act; and (iii) if we have so elected and we call the public warrants for redemption. If you exercise your public warrants on a cashless basis, you would pay the warrant exercise price by surrendering the warrants for that number of shares of Class A common stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of shares of Class A common stock underlying the warrants, multiplied by the excess of the “fair market value” of our shares of Class A common stock (as defined in the next sentence) over the exercise price of the warrants by (y) the fair market value. The “fair market value” is the average reported closing price of the shares of Class A common stock for the 10 trading days ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the notice of exercise is received by the warrant agent or on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of warrants, as applicable. As a result, you would receive fewer shares of Class A common stock from such exercise than if you were to exercise such warrants for cash.

Our sponsor paid an aggregate of $25,000 to cover certain of our offering costs in exchange for 14,375,000 founder shares, or approximately $0.002 per founder share and, accordingly, the purchasers of our Class A Common Stock in our Initial Public Offering experienced substantial dilution from the purchase of our shares of Class A common stock.

The difference between the public offering price per share (allocating all of the unit purchase price to the share of Class A common stock and none to the warrant included in the unit) and the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our Class A common stock after our Initial Public Offering constituted dilution to the purchasers of our Class A Common Stock in the Initial Public Offering. Our initial stockholders acquired the founder shares at a nominal price, significantly contributing to this dilution. Upon closing of our Initial Public Offering, and assuming no value is ascribed to the warrants included in the units, the public stockholders that purchased Class A Common Stock in our Initial Public Offering incurred immediate and substantial dilution of approximately 96.1% or $9.61 per share, the difference between the pro forma net tangible book value per share after this offering of $0.39 and the initial offering price of $10.00 per unit. This dilution would increase to the extent that the anti-dilution provisions of the founder shares result in the issuance of shares of Class A common stock on a greater than one-to-one basis upon conversion of the founder shares at the time of our initial business combination and would become exacerbated to the extent that public stockholders seek redemptions from the trust for their public shares. In addition, because of the anti-dilution protection in the founder shares, any equity or equity-linked securities issued in connection with our initial business combination would be disproportionately dilutive to our Class A common stock.


The determination of the offering price of our units, the size of this offering and terms of the units is more arbitrary than the pricing of securities and size of an offering of an operating company in a particular industry. You may have less assurance, therefore, that the offering price of our units properly reflects the value of such units than you would have in a typical offering of an operating company.

Prior to our Initial Public Offering there was no public market for any of our securities. The public offering price of the units and the terms of the warrants were negotiated between us and the underwriters. In determining the size of this offering, management held customary organizational meetings with representative of the underwriters, both prior to our inception and thereafter, with respect to the state of capital markets, generally, and the amount the underwriters believed they reasonably could raise on our behalf. Factors considered in determining the size of this offering, prices and terms of the units, including the Class A common stock and warrants underlying the units, include:

•        the history and prospects of companies whose principal business is the acquisition of other companies;

•        prior offerings of those companies;

•        our prospects for acquiring an operating business at attractive values;

•        a review of debt to equity ratios in leveraged transactions;

•        our capital structure;

•        an assessment of our management and their experience in identifying operating companies;

•        general conditions of the securities markets at the time of this offering; and

•        other factors as were deemed relevant.

Although these factors were considered, the determination of our offering size, price and terms of the units is more arbitrary than the pricing of securities of an operating company in a particular industry since we have no historical operations or financial results.

We are an emerging growth company and a smaller reporting company within the meaning of the Securities Act, and if we take advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies or smaller reporting companies, this could make our securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare our performance with other public companies.

We are an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor internal controls attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. As a result, our stockholders may not have access to certain information they may deem important. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, although circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if the market value of our Class A common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of any June 30 before that time, in which case we would no longer be an emerging growth company as of the following December 31. We cannot predict whether investors will find our securities less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result of our reliance on these exemptions, the trading prices of our securities may be lower than they otherwise would be, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the trading prices of our securities may be more volatile.


Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such an election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Additionally, we are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, providing only two years of audited financial statements. We will remain a smaller reporting company until the last day of the fiscal year in which (1) the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $250 million as of the prior June 30th, and (2) our annual revenues exceeded $100 million during such completed fiscal year and the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30th. To the extent we take advantage of such reduced disclosure obligations, it may also make comparison of our financial statements with other public companies difficult or impossible.

Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and Delaware law may inhibit a takeover of us, which could limit the price investors might be willing to pay in the future for our shares of Class A common stock and could entrench management.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation contains provisions that may discourage unsolicited takeover proposals that stockholders may consider to be in their best interests. These provisions include a staggered board of directors and the ability of the board of directors to designate the terms of and issue new series of preferred stock, which may make more difficult the removal of management and may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our securities.

We are also subject to anti-takeover provisions under Delaware law, which could delay or prevent a change of control. Together these provisions may make the removal of management more difficult and may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our securities.

General Risk Factors

Our warrantsAtlas are accounted for as liabilities and changes in the value of ourthese warrants could have a material effect on our financial results.

On April 12, 2021, the SEC Staff expressed its view that certain terms

Changes in financial accounting standards may cause adverse unexpected fluctuations and conditionsaffect our reported results of operations.
The price of our Class A common to SPACstock and warrants may requirebe volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment as a result.
The dual-class structure of our common stock has the warrantseffect of concentrating voting power with certain shareholders of our Class B common stock, which could limit other shareholders’ ability to influence the outcome of important transactions, including a change in control.
Future sales, or the perception of future sales, by us or our stockholders in the public market could cause the market price for our Class A common stock to decline.
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Part I
Item 1. Business
Overview

We are designing and developing electric vertical takeoff and landing (“eVTOL”) aircraft for use in urban air mobility (“UAM”) networks. Our mission is to unlock the skies, freeing everyone to reimagine how they move and spend time. Our eVTOL aircraft are designed to be classifiedsafe, sustainable, and quiet. Our production aircraft, Midnight, which we unveiled in November of 2022, is designed around our proprietary 12-tilt-6 aircraft configuration. This means that it has 12 propellers attached to 6 booms on a fixed wing with all 12 propellers providing vertical lift during take-off and landing and the forward 6 propellers tilting forward to cruise position to provide propulsion during forward flight with the wing providing aerodynamic lift like a conventional airplane.

Midnight is designed to carry 4 passengers plus a pilot optimized for back-to-back short distance trips of around 20-miles, with minimal charging time between trips. We are working to certify Midnight with the Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) so that we can then enter into commercial service as liabilities insteadsoon as possible. In August 2023, we received the Special Airworthiness Certificate from the FAA for our first Midnight aircraft and began its flight testing program in October 2023.

Midnight is the evolution of equityour demonstrator eVTOL aircraft, Maker, which through its flight test program has helped validate our proprietary 12-tilt-6 aircraft configuration and certain key enabling technologies. The design of Midnight marries what we believe to be cutting-edge electric propulsion technology with state-of-the-art aircraft systems to deliver the key attributes of our eVTOL aircraft:

Safety. High redundancy and simplified propulsion systems make for a significantly safer aircraft compared to a helicopter. Midnight has no single critical point of failure, meaning that should any single component fail, the aircraft can still safely complete its flight.

Low noise. With its intended cruising altitude at approximately 2,000 feet, the design of Midnight is such that the noise that reaches the ground is expected to measure around 45 A-weighted decibels, approximately 100 times quieter than that of a helicopter. During forward flight, the aircraft’s tilt propellers spin on axes that are aligned with the oncoming air flow, rather than edge-wise to the flow, as is the case with traditional helicopters - further decreasing noise levels. Since Archer’s aircraft is spinning 12 small propellers rather than one large rotor, it can also spin them at significantly lower tip speeds, resulting in much lower noise levels.

Sustainable. Midnight is all electric, resulting in zero operating emissions. Archer is committed to sourcing renewable energy wherever possible to power its aircraft. Archer’s design and engineering teams are working to integrate materials into this aircraft that have their own unique sustainability stories.

We continue to work to optimize our eVTOL aircraft design for both manufacturing and certification. The development of an eVTOL aircraft that meets our business requirements demands significant design and development efforts on all facets of the aircraft. We believe that by bringing together a mix of talent with eVTOL, traditional commercial aerospace, as well as electric propulsion backgrounds, we have built a team that enables us to move through the design, development, and certification of our eVTOL aircraft with the FAA in an efficient manner, thus allowing us to achieve our end goal of bringing to market our eVTOL aircraft as efficiently as possible.

Our Planned Lines of Business

Upon receipt of all necessary FAA certifications and any other government approvals necessary for us to manufacture and operate our aircraft, we intend to operate two complementary lines of business: a direct-to-consumer aerial ride share service (“Archer UAM”) and the sale of our aircraft to other operators (“Archer Direct”).

Archer UAM. We plan to operate our own UAM ecosystem initially in select major cities. Our UAM ecosystem will operate using our eVTOL aircraft, which is currently in development. Consumers will be able to book rides directly through our service through an app-based platform. We project that the cost to manufacture and operate our eVTOL aircraft will be such that it will be able to enter the UAM ride-sharing market at a price point that is competitive with ground-based ride sharing services today. We will continue to evaluate our go-to-market strategy based on, among other things, estimated demand, readiness of the required infrastructure, and our ability to scale our aircraft fleet.
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Archer Direct. We also plan to selectively sell our aircraft to third parties. We have entered into a purchase agreement with United Airlines Inc. (“United”) for the conditional purchase of up to $1.0 billion worth of aircraft, with an option for another $500.0 million worth of aircraft (as amended, the “United Purchase Agreement”). In August 2023, we entered into two new contracts with the U.S. Air Force worth up to $142.0 million, which includes the purchase of aircraft, as well as the sharing of additional flight test data and certification related test reports, pilot training, and the development of maintenance and repair operations.

As we get closer to commercialization, we will look to determine the right mix of selling our aircraft versus using them as part of our UAM ecosystem based on, among other factors, our capital needs, our manufacturing volumes, our ability to ramp Archer UAM operations, and the purchase demand from our Archer Direct customers.

To date, we have not generated revenue from either of these planned categories, as we continue to design, develop, and seek the governmental approvals necessary for our eVTOL aircraft to enter into service. We will use our cash and cash equivalents for the foreseeable future to continue to fund our efforts to bring our eVTOL aircraft to market. The amount and timing of any future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the pace and results of the design and development of our aircraft and manufacturing operations, as well as our progress in obtaining necessary FAA certifications and other government approvals. For example, any significant delays in obtaining such FAA certifications and other government approvals will likely require us to raise additional capital above our existing cash on hand and delay our generation of revenues.

Manufacturing Operations & Supply Chain Build-Out

We are in the process of developing the infrastructure necessary to manufacture Midnight reliably, at scale, and in a cost effective manner. That involves two main aspects: developing the necessary component supply chain and building out our manufacturing operations.

With regards to the sourcing of our components, a key aspect of our strategy has been to focus our internal component development efforts on only the key enabling technologies like our electric propulsion system and flight control software. For those areas that are not differentiating technologies we aim to leverage the existing aerospace supply base to supply us with components that are already being used in certified aircraft today. Throughout 2023, we continued to expand our portfolio of suppliers that will provide us with components for Midnight. We have also matured the design, development and manufacturing capabilities for our aircraft and proprietary electric propulsion system.

With regards to our manufacturing operations, we completed the build out of a production facility in San Jose, California, which we will utilize to produce the initial Midnight aircraft used as part of our FAA certification program, as well as a high-volume production facility in Covington, Georgia. We have begun our Covington facility build-out and target substantial completion of the first phase in 2024, which is a 350,000 square-foot facility that is designed to be capable of supporting production of up to 650 aircraft per year. We are designing that facility so that it can be expanded to approximately 900,000 square feet to support our long-term production targets of over 2,000 aircraft per year. In connection with our Covington facility, we received an incentive package with the State of Georgia, Newton County and City of Covington, which included land conveyance, tax incentives and Georgia REBA grant. In October 2023, we entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Synovus Bank, the largest bank headquartered in the State of Georgia, for up to $65.0 million, which represents a substantial majority of the estimated total cost of construction for the first phase. For additional information regarding the Synovus credit agreement, see the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources.” As discussed in more detail below, we plan to work alongside Stellantis N.V. (“Stellantis”) on the SPAC’s balance sheet.build out and stand up this facility and our operations there.

Key Strategic Partners

Archer was founded with a focus on commercializing the eVTOL aircraft industry. As we prepare for commercialization, we continue to deepen our partnerships with our long-standing partners and develop new relationships with industry leaders in urban centers around the world.

Stellantis

In 2020, we established a key strategic relationship with Stellantis, one of the world’s leading automakers including brands Jeep®, Ram, Maserati, Dodge, and Chrysler. The goal was to allow us to leverage Stellantis’ deep manufacturing, supply chain,
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and design expertise in connection with our efforts to design, develop, and commercialize our eVTOL aircraft. In January 2023, we announced a significant expansion of our partnership by entering into a manufacturing collaboration arrangement and strategic funding agreement. As a result, Stellantis is working with us to stand up our manufacturing facility in Covington. This unique approach will continue to leverage each company’s respective strengths and competencies in an effort to bring our Midnight aircraft to market at scale to support our commercialization plans. The goal over the long term is for Stellantis to mass produce our eVTOL aircraft as our contract manufacturer. In 2021, Stellantis invested in Archer as part of the SEC Staff Statement,Business Combination (as defined below) and has continued to increase its investment in Archer through its strategic funding agreement and open market purchases. In 2023, we reevaluateddrew down on $95.0 million of funding available under our strategic funding agreement and currently have $55.0 million available to draw down at our discretion, subject to achievement of a business milestone which we expect to occur in the accounting treatmentfirst half of 2024.

United

In 2021, we established a key strategic relationship with United as part of the airline's broader effort to invest in emerging technologies that decarbonize air travel. The goal has been for United, as our flagship customer, to contribute its expertise in aircraft operations as we work together to commercialize our eVTOL aircraft. As part of establishing that relationship, we entered into a purchase agreement with United covering their purchase of up to $1.5 billion of our public warrantseVTOL aircraft. United has indicated its plans to acquire a fleet of our eVTOL aircraft that would be deployed in a manner to give their customers a quick, economical and low-carbon way to get to and from United's hub airports and commute in dense urban environments. United also invested in Archer as part of the Business Combination, as well as our private placement warrants,completed in August 2023.

Since 2021, we have also been working closely with United on commercialization efforts. In April 2022, we formed a joint eVTOL Advisory Committee to support operations of our eVTOL aircraft, including maintenance and determinedoperational standards and in August 2022, United paid us $10.0 million in pre-delivery payments for 100 aircraft covered under our purchase agreement. We’ve jointly announced two domestic UAM routes: Downtown Manhattan Heliport to classify the warrants as derivative liabilities measured at fair value, with changesNewark Liberty International Airport and O’Hare International Airport to Vertiport Chicago. Our shared purpose is connecting people, and we continue to work closely to ensure our eVTOL aircraft will amplify their broader efforts to do that in fair value reported in our statement of operations for each reporting period.

As a result, included on our balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 and March 31, 2021 contained elsewhere in this report are derivative liabilities related to embedded features contained within our warrants. ASC 815-40 provides for the remeasurementsustainable way.


Market Opportunity

In 2023, 56% of the fair valueworld’s population lived in urban areas according to the World Bank, and their projection is that the urban population will double its current size by 2050 where nearly 7 of such derivatives at each balance sheet date,10 people will live in cities.1 This migration has led to unprecedented traffic congestion, with a resulting non-cash gain or loss relatednoticeable struggle to scale ground infrastructure. A 2021 study by researchers from MIT concluded that ground-based ride share has intensified urban transport challenges since their debut in the U.S.2 According to a 2021 report by Morgan Stanley, the urban air mobility sector’s total addressable market is projected to reach $1 trillion globally by 2040 and then $9 trillion by 2050.3 UAM offers a potential solution by expanding travel into the air. To date, the electrification of aircraft has lagged the adoption of electric automobiles in large part because of the greater technical challenges. However, over the last few years there have been significant advancements in the key enabling technologies for eVTOL aircraft, such as high-energy batteries and high-performance electric motors. We anticipate that the initial market opportunity will be focused in high-density metropolitan areas where traffic congestion is particularly acute and operating conditions are suitable for early eVTOL aircraft operations. While we believe the market for eVTOL aircraft and UAM services will be large, it remains undeveloped and there is no guarantee of future demand.

We believe the primary drivers for adoption of UAM services will be the time savings and value proposition offered by UAM relative to more traditional ground-based transportation options. We expect that the following additional factors will also impact the pace of adoption of UAM: regulatory requirements for eVTOL aircraft and UAM network operations, public acceptance of eVTOL aircraft (including perception regarding the safety of eVTOL aircraft) and access to the change ininfrastructure necessary to enable UAM services. If the fair value being recognized in earnings in the statement of operations. As a result of the recurring fair value measurement, our financial statements and results of operations may fluctuate quarterly based on factors which are outside of our control. Due to the recurring fair value measurement, we expect that we will recognize non-cash gains or losses on our warrants each reporting period and that the amount of such gains or losses could be material.

We identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. This material weakness could continue to adversely affectmarket for UAM does not develop as expected, this would impact our ability to reportgenerate revenue or grow our resultsbusiness.


For additional information, see “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of operationsthis Annual Report.
1“Urban Development Overview,” by the World Bank, dated April 3, 2023, available at: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/overview.
2 “Impacts of transportation network companies on urban mobility,” by Nature Sustainability, dated February 1, 2021, available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-020-00678-z.
3 “eVTOL/Urban Air Mobility TAM Update,” by Morgan Stanley, dated May 6, 2021, available at: https://advisor.morganstanley.com/the-busot-group/documents/field/b/bu/busot-group/Electric%20Vehicles.pdf.
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Competition

We believe our main sources of competition fall into three categories:

ground-based vehicle transportation, including personal vehicles and financial condition accuratelyride-sharing services;

other eVTOL manufacturers and UAM service providers; and

existing incumbent aircraft and helicopter charter services.
We believe the primary competitive factors between us and other eVTOL manufacturers and UAM service providers will be the following:

eVTOL aircraft performance, including payload, noise, charging time, quality, reliability and safety;

cost of the UAM service offering;

eVTOL aircraft manufacturing capacity and efficiency, including the availability of raw materials and supplier parts necessary to manufacture eVTOL aircraft at scale;

UAM service capabilities, including overall customer experience; and

hiring the talent necessary to effectively design, develop, certify and commercialize eVTOL aircraft.

While we believe we will be able to compete favorably across these factors, we expect this industry to be dynamic and increasingly competitive and it is possible that our competitors could get to market before us, either generally or in a timely manner.

Our management is responsible for establishingspecific markets. For additional information about competition, see “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this Annual Report.


Government Regulation and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting designedCompliance

We continue to provide reasonable assurance regardingfocus our efforts on obtaining certification from the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Our management also evaluates the effectivenessFAA of our internal controlsaircraft in the U.S. and engaging with key decision makers in the U.S. cities in which we plan to initially operate our aircraft. Additionally, in 2023 we began exploring international opportunities for commercializing our aircraft with a focus on the United Arab Emirates and India. We will disclose any changescontinue to mature those opportunities as we get closer to production. Globally, our aircraft will be required to comply with regulations governing aircraft design, production and material weaknesses identifiedairworthiness. In the U.S., the regulations are put forth by the FAA and Department of Transportation (“DOT”). Outside the U.S., similar requirements are generally administered by the national civil aviation and transportation authorities of each country. The following describes the key certifications necessary for us to design, manufacture, sell and operate our eVTOL aircraft in the United States:

Designing our aircraft: Type Certification in the United States is the FAA’s approval process for new aircraft designs and covers the design of the aircraft and all required components and parts. Our initial aircraft type certification will be required to meet the criteria set forth by the FAA through such evaluation in those internal controls. A material weaknessa “special class” definition under 14 CFR Part 21.17(b). The first step is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.


As described elsewhere in this report, we identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting relatedagreeing to the classificationcertification basis. In November of 2022, we finalized our warrants as equity instead of liabilities. On May 5, 2021, our audit committee authorized managementagreement to restate our audited financial statements forthat certification basis with the year ended December 31, 2020, and, accordingly, management concluded that the control deficiency that resulted in the incorrect classification of our warrants constituted a material weakness as of December 31, 2020 and March 31, 2021. This material weakness resulted in a material misstatement of our warrant liabilities, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, additional paid-in capital, accumulated deficit and related financial disclosures for our previously filed audited balance sheet related to our initial public offering dated October 30, 2020 and our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020.

We have implemented a remediation plan, described under Item 9A, Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures, to remediate the material weakness surrounding our historical presentation of our warrants but can give no assurance that the measures we have taken will prevent any future material weaknesses or deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting. Even though we have strengthened our controls and procedures, in the future those controls and procedures may not be adequate to prevent or identify irregularities or errors or to facilitate the fair presentation of our financial statements.

We may face litigation and other risks and uncertainties as a result of the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting and the restatement of our financial statements.

Following this issuance of the SEC Statement, on May 5, 2021, after consultation with our independent registered public accounting firm, management and the Audit Committee concluded that it was appropriate to restate (i) certain items on the Company’s previously issued audited balance sheet dated as of October 30, 2020, which was related to our IPO, and (ii) the Company’s previously issued audited financial statements as of December 31, 2020. See “—Our warrants are accounted for as liabilities and the changes in value of our warrants could have a material effect on our financial results.”FAA through an approved Stage 4 G-1 Issue Paper. As part of suchthe FAA’s Type Certification process for a special class aircraft, the Airworthiness Criteria (i.e., the certification requirements or rules for the particular aircraft) must then be published in the Federal Register for public comment. In December of 2022, the proposed Airworthiness Criteria for our Midnight aircraft were published in the Federal Register by the FAA. This Federal Register notice was then open for a period of time for review and public comment. Following the comment period, the FAA has been working to review and dispose of those comments will approve the finalized set of Airworthiness Criteria by means of a Final Rule publication. In parallel, we identifiedhave been working with the FAA to agree on the Means of Compliance with the FAA, which is the detailed list of design, analysis and testing standards that will be used to demonstrate that the aircraft is safe and complies with the Airworthiness Criteria. We initially submitted a material weaknesscomprehensive proposal for Midnight’s Means of Compliance to the FAA back in December of 2021. We are continuing to work with the FAA to close out our internal controls over financial reporting.

As a resultremaining Means of such material weakness,Compliance and we do not see any significant design risks with the restatementremaining Means of previously issued financialsCompliance areas that have not yet been agreed to. Lastly, we are also working with the FAA to review and agree on our subject specific certification plans (“SSCPs”). SSCPs provide precise detail on each of the Company,specific tests

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and analyses that will be completed during the changeimplementation phase of our Type Certification program, in accountingwhich we actually demonstrate to the FAA that Midnight meets all relevant FAA requirements necessary to receive Type Certification.

Producing our aircraft: Production certification is the FAA’s approval for us to be able to manufacture our Midnight aircraft as approved by the warrantsFAA per its Type Certified design. To obtain production certification from the FAA, we must demonstrate that our organization and our personnel, facilities, and quality system can produce our aircraft such that they conform to its approved design. As discussed above, we are working to develop the systems and processes we will need to obtain our FAA production certification with the goal of obtaining such certification shortly following receipt of Midnight’s Type Certification approval.

Selling our aircraft: Airworthiness certification from the FAA signifies that an aircraft meets its approved design and is in a condition for safe operation in the U.S. National Airspace System. As is the industry standard, each of the aircraft manufactured by us will need to be issued an airworthiness certificate. We expect that the airworthiness certificates issued to our aircraft will be a Standard Airworthiness certificate in the Normal Category, as defined by the FAA.

Operating our UAM service: The FAA and the DOT have regulatory authority over air transportation operations in the United States. To operate our UAM service, we will be required to hold a Part 135 Air Carrier and Operator Certification and register as an air taxi operator with the DOT. In addition, takeoff and landing locations (e.g., airports and heliports) typically require state and local approval for zoning and land use and their ongoing use are subject to regulations by local authorities in addition to the FAA requirements. Lastly, we will need to ensure we have sufficient commercial pilots available for our planned operations. We expect that as we build out our UAM service there will be additional federal, state and local laws, regulations and other matters raised orrequirements that maywill cover our operations. Therefore, we have already begun, and will continue to grow, our engagement and collaboration with the cities in which we intend to operate our UAM service in an effort to ensure that it operates in a safe manner. We received our Part 145 Repair Station Certificate in February 2024, which perform specialized aircraft maintenance and repair services and lays the future be raised by the SEC,foundation for us to operate repair stations that perform maintenance, repair, and overhaul services on our Midnight aircraft once it is certified for commercial operations.

We believe we face potential for litigation, inquiries from the SEC and other regulatory bodies, other disputes or proceedings which may include, among other things, monetary judgments, penalties or other sanctions, claims invoking the federal and state securitiesare in material compliance with laws and contractual claims. Asregulations currently applicable to our business. We continue to monitor existing and pending laws and regulations and while the impact of the date of this Quarterly Report,regulatory changes cannot be predicted with certainty, we have no knowledge of any such litigation, inquires, disputes or proceedings. However, we can provide no assurance that such litigation, inquiries, disputes or proceedings willdo not arise in the future. Any such litigation, inquiries, disputes or proceedings, whether successful or not, couldexpect compliance to have a material adverse effect on our business. See Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report for a more comprehensive description of risks related to government regulation affecting our business.

Facilities

We are currently headquartered in San Jose, California with additional offices, research and development facilities, flight test facilities and manufacturing facilities in Santa Clara, Mountain View, and Salinas, California, as well as our facility under construction in Covington, Georgia.

Our Employees and Human Capital

Our strategy has been and continues to be to hire top talent across various disciplines to build the best eVTOL aircraft and UAM service possible. We believe we have assembled a world-class team with extensive experience in aerodynamics, electric propulsion, batteries, and aircraft manufacturing, as well as key personnel necessary to help us ensure that we progress efficiently through the certification of our aircraft and towards the commercialization of our business. The fabric of this team is that we are curious, talented, and passionate people. We embrace collaboration and creativity and encourage the iteration of ideas to address the complex challenges our industry faces. We believe our team and culture differentiates us versus our competitors and will be a key driver of our long-term success.

Because we recognize that our people are critical for our continued success, we work hard to create an environment where employees can have fulfilling careers, and be happy, healthy, and productive. Furthermore, we are committed to making diversity, equity, and inclusion a part of everything we do and to growing a workforce that is representative of the cities we plan to serve.

As of December 31, 2023, we had a workforce of 691 people, including 578 full-time employees and 113 contingent workers. We have not experienced any work stoppages and generally consider our relationship with our employees to be good. None of our employees are subject to a collective bargaining agreement or represented by a labor union.
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Intellectual Property

We rely on various intellectual property laws, confidentiality procedures and contractual terms to protect our proprietary technology and our brand. We have registered and applied for the registration of U.S. and international trademarks, service marks and domain names. We have also filed patent applications in the United States and foreign countries covering certain of our technology. In general, our issued patents expire between 2040 and 2044.

Raw Materials, Parts and Suppliers

We are dependent on the ability of a number of U.S. and non-U.S. suppliers and service providers to meet performance specifications, quality standards and delivery schedules at our anticipated costs as we work towards developing and manufacturing our aircraft and commercialization. The most important raw materials required in our production aircraft Midnight include aluminum and composites.

Business Combination

On September 16, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), Archer Aviation Inc., a Delaware corporation (prior to the closing of the Business Combination (as defined below), “Legacy Archer”), Atlas Crest Investment Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Atlas”), and Artemis Acquisition Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Atlas (“Merger Sub”), consummated the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, dated February 10, 2021, as amended and restated on July 29, 2021, by and among Atlas, Legacy Archer and Merger Sub (the “Business Combination Agreement”), following approval at a special meeting of the stockholders of Atlas held on September 14, 2021 (the “Special Meeting”). Unless otherwise specified or unless the context otherwise requires, references herein to Legacy Archer refer to Archer prior to the Business Combination (as defined below) and references herein to “New Archer” refer to Archer following the Business Combination.

Pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, a business combination of Legacy Archer and Atlas was effected by the merger of Merger Sub with and into Legacy Archer, with Legacy Archer surviving the merger (the “Surviving Entity”) as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Atlas (the “Merger,” and, collectively with the other transactions described in the Business Combination Agreement, the “Business Combination”). Following the consummation of the Merger on the Closing Date, the Surviving Entity changed its name from Archer Aviation Inc. to Archer Aviation Operating Corp., and Atlas changed its name from Atlas Crest Investment Corp. to Archer Aviation Inc. and it became the successor registrant with the SEC. Prior to the closing of the Business Combination, the Class A common stock and public warrants of Atlas were listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbols “ACIC” and “ACIC WS,” respectively. New Archer Class A common stock and public warrants are currently listed on the NYSE under the symbols “ACHR” and “ACHR WS,” respectively.

Available Information

Our website is located at www.archer.com and our investor relations website is located at investors.archer.com. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and our Proxy Statements, and any amendments to these reports, are and will be available through our investor relations website, free of charge, after we file them with the SEC.

Webcasts of our earnings calls are made available via our investor relations website. Our investor relations website also provides notifications of news or announcements regarding our financial performance and certain other news and information that may be material or of interest to our investors, including SEC filings, investor events, press and earnings releases. We also share news and business updates about Archer that may be material or of interest to our investors on the investor relations section of our website (investors.archer.com) and the news portion of our website (www.archer.com/news), which includes our blog posts, as well as on social media, including Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/FlyArcher), X (formerly known as Twitter) (@ArcherAviation and @adamgoldstein13), LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com/company/flyarcher and https://www.linkedin.com/in/adam-goldstein-7b662121/) and YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/c/ArcherAviation).

Further, corporate governance information, including our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws, corporate governance guidelines, board committee charters, and code of business conduct and ethics, and other policies, are also available on our investor relations website under the heading “Governance Documents.”

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The contents of the websites referred to above are not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report or in any other report or document we file with the SEC, and any references to our website are intended to be inactive textual references only.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Investing in our securities involves risks. You should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this Annual Report, including Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes, before deciding whether to purchase any of our securities. Our business, results of operations, and financial condition, or our abilityand prospects could also be harmed by risks and uncertainties that are not presently known to complete our initial business combination.

For the complete set of risks relating to our operations and business combination, see the section titled “Risk Factors” contained in Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 8, 2021.

Past performance by our management team and their affiliates may not be indicative of future performance of an investment in us.

Information regarding performance by,us or businesses associated with, our management team or businesses associated with them is presented for informational purposes only. The past performance of our management team or their respective affiliates is not a guarantee of either: (i) success with respect to any business combination we may consummate; or (ii) that we will be able to identify a suitable candidate for our initial business combination. No member of our management team has had significant management experience with special purpose acquisition companies in the past. You should not rely on the historical record of our management team’s or their respective affiliates’ performance as indicative of any future performance.

We are dependent upon our executive officers and directors and their loss could adversely affect our ability to operate.

Our operations are dependent upon a relatively small group of individuals and, in particular, our executive officers and directors. Wecurrently believe that our success depends on the continued service of our officers and directors, at least until we have completed our initial business combination. In addition, our executive officers and directors are not required to commit any specified amount of time to our affairs and, accordingly, will have conflicts of interest in allocating their time among various business activities, including identifying potential business combinations and monitoring the related due diligence. We do not have an employment agreement with, or key-man insurance on the life of, any of our directors or executive officers. The unexpected loss of the services of one or more of our directors or executive officers could have a detrimental effect on us.


Our executive officers, directors, security holders and their respective affiliates may have competitive pecuniary interests that conflict with our interests.

We have not adopted a policy that expressly prohibits our directors, executive officers, security holders or affiliates from having a direct or indirect pecuniary or financial interest in any investment to be acquired or disposed of by us or in any transaction to which we are a party or have an interest. In fact, we may enter into a business combination with a target business that is affiliated with our sponsor, our directors or executive officers, although we do not intend to do so. Nor do we have a policy that expressly prohibits any such persons from engaging for their own account in business activities of the types conducted by us. Accordingly, such persons or entities may have a conflict between their interests and ours.

The personal and financial interests of our directors and officers may influence their motivation in timely identifying and selecting a target business and completing a business combination. Consequently, our directors’ and officers’ discretion in identifying and selecting a suitable target business may result in a conflict of interest when determining whether the terms, conditions and timing of a particular business combination are appropriate and in our stockholders’ best interest.material. If this were the case, it would be a breach of their fiduciary duties to us as a matter of Delaware law and we or our stockholders might have a claim against such individuals for infringing on our stockholders’ rights. However, we might not ultimately be successful in any claim we may make against them for such reason.

A market for securities may not be sustained, which would adversely affect the liquidity and price of our securities, or the trading price of our securities may be highly volatile.

Prior to the Initial Public Offering, there was currently no market for our securities. Stockholders did not have any access to information about prior market history on which to base their investment decision. Following the Initial Public Offering, the price of our securities may vary significantly due to one or more potential business combinations and general market or economic conditions and may be highly volatile. Furthermore, an active trading market for our securities may not be sustained. You may be unable to sell your securities unless a market can be established and sustained.

Cyber incidents or attacks directed at us could result in information theft, data corruption, operational disruption and/or financial loss.

We depend on digital technologies, including information systems, infrastructure and cloud applications and services, including those of third parties with which we may deal. Sophisticated and deliberate attacks on, or security breaches in, our systems or infrastructure, or the systems or infrastructure of third parties or the cloud, could lead to corruption or misappropriation of our assets, proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data. As an early stage company without significant investments in data security protection, we may not be sufficiently protected against such occurrences. We may not have sufficient resources to adequately protect against, or to investigate and remediate any vulnerability to, cyber incidents. It is possible that any of these occurrences, or a combination of them, could have adverse consequences onrisks actually occur, our business, results of operations, financial condition, and lead to financial loss.

Our search for a business combination, and any target business with which we ultimately consummate a business combination, may be materially adversely affected by the recent coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak.

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus has and is continuing to spread throughout parts of the world, including the United States. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern.” On January 31, 2020, U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary Alex M. Azar II declared a public health emergency for the United States to aid the U.S. healthcare community in responding to COVID-19, and on March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization characterized the outbreak as a “pandemic”. A significant outbreak of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases could result in a widespread health crisis that could adversely affect the economies and financial markets worldwide, and the business of any potential target business with which we consummate a business combinationprospects could be materially and adversely affected. Furthermore, we may be unableUnless otherwise indicated, references in these risk factors to complete aour business combination if continued concerns relatingbeing harmed will include harm to COVID-19 restrict travel, limitour business, reputation, brand, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. In any such event, the ability to have meetings with potential investorsmarket price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or the target company’s personnel, vendors and services providers are unavailable to negotiate and consummate a transaction in a timely manner. The extent to which COVID-19 impacts our search for a business combination will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severitypart of COVID-19 and the actions to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact, among others. If the disruptions posed by COVID-19 or other matters of global concern continue for an extensive period of time, our ability to consummate a business combination, or the operations of a target business with which we ultimately consummate a business combination, may be materially adversely affected.

your investment.

Risks Related to Archer’sOur Business and Industry and New Archer Following the Business Combination

Archer is

We are an early stageearly-stage company with a history of losses, and expectswe expect to incur significant expenses and continuing losses for the foreseeable future.

Archer

As of December 31, 2023, we incurred a net loss of $24.8$457.9 million, for the year ended December 31, 2020 and haswe have incurred a net loss of approximately $25.8$1,148.8 million since inception through December 31, 2020. Archer believesinception. We believe that itwe will continue to incur operating and net losses each quarter until at least the time it beginswe begin generating significant deliveriesrevenues from our planned lines of its eVTOL aircraft, which are not expected to begin until late 2024/2025 and may occur later or not at all.business. Even if Archer iswe are able to successfully develop and sell its aircraft,launch our Archer UAM or Archer Direct lines of business, there can be no assurance that theysuch lines of business will be financially successful. Archer’s potential profitability is dependent upon the successful development and successful commercial introduction and acceptance of its aircraft, which may not occur.

Archer expectsviable.

We expect the rate at which itwe will incur losses tocould be significantly higher in future periods as Archer:

we:
continuescontinue to design, develop, manufacture, certify and market itsour aircraft;

continuescontinue to design and develop the Archer UAM network;
continue to utilize its third-party partners forthird parties to assist us with the design, supplydevelopment, manufacturing, certification and manufacturing;marketing of our aircraft and UAM network;

expands its productioncontinue to attract, retain and motivate talented employees;
expand our aircraft manufacturing capabilities, including costs associated with outsourcing the manufacturing of itsour aircraft;

buildsbuild up inventories of parts and components for itsour aircraft;

manufacturesmanufacture an inventory of itsour aircraft;

expands itsexpand our design, development and servicing capabilities;

increases itsincrease our sales and marketing activities and develops itsdevelop our distribution infrastructure;
work with third-party partners to develop pilot training programs; and

increases itsincrease our general and administrative functions to support itsour growing operations and to operateoperations as a public company.

Because Archer willwe expect to incur the costs and expenses from these efforts before it receiveswe receive any incrementalsignificant revenues with respect thereto, Archer’sour losses in future periods willare expected to be significant. In addition, Archerwe may find that these efforts are more expensive than itwe currently anticipatesanticipate or that these efforts may not result in the revenues we expect, which wouldcould further increase Archer’sour losses.

Archer has

We are still developing our eVTOL aircraft, have not yet manufacturedobtained FAA certification of our eVTOL aircraft under development and we have yet to manufacture or delivereddeliver any aircraft to customers, which makes evaluating Archer’sour business and future prospects difficult and increases the risk of investment.

Archer was

We were incorporated in October 2018 and hashave a limited operating history in the urban air mobility industry, whichdesigning, developing, and working to certify an eVTOL aircraft. Our eVTOL aircraft is continuously evolving. Archer’s aircraft are in the development stage and Archer doeswe do not expect itsour first vehicleproduction aircraft to be producedcertified by the FAA until 2024, if at all. Archer haslate 2025 or later. We are still working with the FAA in an attempt to obtain Type Certification of
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our eVTOL aircraft. As a result, we have no experience as an organization in high volume manufacturing of aircraft. Some of our current and potential competitors are larger and have substantially greater resources than we have and expect to have in the planned aircraft. Archerfuture. As a result, those competitors may be able to devote greater resources to the development of their current and future technologies, the promotion and sale of their offerings, and/or offer their technologies at lower prices. In particular, our competitors may be able to receive Type, Airworthiness or Production certification from the FAA covering their eVTOL aircraft prior to us receiving such certifications. Our current and potential competitors may also establish cooperative or strategic relationships amongst themselves or with third parties that may further enhance their resources and offerings. Further, it is possible that domestic or foreign companies or governments, some with greater experience in the aerospace industry or greater financial resources than we possess, will seek to provide products or services that compete directly or indirectly with ours in the future. Any such foreign competitor, for example, could benefit from subsidies from, or other protective measures by, its home country.
We cannot assure you that itwe or itsour partners will be able to develop efficient, automated, cost-efficient manufacturing capability and processes, and reliable sources of component suppliessupply chain capabilities that will enable Archerus to meet the quality, price, engineering, design and production standards, as well as the production volumes, required to successfully mass market itscommercialize our aircraft. You should consider Archer’sour business and prospects in light of the risks and significant challenges it faceswe face as a new entrant into itsa new industry, including, among other things, with respect to itsour ability to:

design and producemanufacture safe, reliable and quality aircraft on an ongoing basis;

obtain the necessary regulatory approvals in a timely manner, including receipt of governmental authority for manufacturing the equipmentFAA certifications covering our aircraft and, in turn, any other government approvals necessary for manufacturing, marketing, selling and operating Archer’sthe Archer UAM service;network or selling our aircraft through Archer Direct;

build a well-recognized and respected brand;

establish and expand itsour customer base;

successfully market not just Archer’sour aircraft but also the other services it intendswe intend to provide, such as aerial ride sharing services;

successfully service itsour aircraft after sales and maintain a good flow of spare parts and customer goodwill;

improve and maintain itsour operational efficiency;

successfully execute itsour manufacturing and production model and maintain a reliable, secure, high-performance and scalable technology infrastructure;

predict itsour future revenues and appropriately budget for itsour expenses;

attract, retain and motivate talented employees;

anticipate trends that may emerge and affect itsour business;

anticipate and adapt to changing market conditions, including technological developments and changes in competitive landscape; and

navigate an evolving and complex regulatory environment.

If Archer failswe fail to adequately address any or all of these risks and challenges, itsour business may be harmed.

Our business plan requires a significant amount of capital. In addition, our future capital needs may require us to issue additional equity or debt securities that may dilute our stockholders or introduce covenants that may restrict our operations or our ability to pay dividends.
We expect our capital expenditures and operating expenses to continue to be significant in the foreseeable future as we develop our aircraft and business, and that our level of capital expenditures and operating expenses will be significantly affected by the aircraft development and certification process as well as subsequent customer demand for our aircraft. We believe our current cash and cash equivalents and other sources of liquidity, including the Forward Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 3, 2023, by and between us and Stellantis N.V. (“Stellantis Forward Purchase Agreement”) and borrowings under our Credit Agreement, will be sufficient to fund our current operating plan for at least the next 12 months. However, we expect that
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over the coming years we will continue to make significant investments in our business, including development of our aircraft, bring up of manufacturing capabilities, the infrastructure to support Archer UAM, and investments in our brand.
Our investments and expenses may be greater than currently anticipated or there may be investments or expenses that are unforeseen, and we may not succeed in acquiring sufficient capital to offset these expenses and achieve significant revenue generation. We have a limited operating history and no historical data on the demand for our planned Archer UAM and Archer Direct businesses. As a result, our future capital requirements are difficult to predict and our actual capital requirements may be different from those we currently anticipate. We may need to seek equity or debt financing to finance a portion of our future capital requirements. Such financing might not be available to us when needed or on terms that are acceptable, or at all.
Our ability to obtain the necessary capital to carry out our business plan is subject to a number of factors, including general economic and market conditions, as well as investor sentiment regarding our planned business. These factors may make the timing, amount, terms and conditions of any such financing unattractive or unavailable to us. The current macroeconomic environment may increase our cost of financing or make it more difficult to raise additional capital on favorable terms, if at all. If we are unable to raise sufficient capital, we may have to significantly reduce our spending and/or delay or cancel our planned activities. We might not be able to obtain any financing, and we might not have sufficient capital to conduct our business as projected, both of which could mean that we would be forced to curtail or discontinue our operations.
Actual events involving limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance or other adverse developments that affect financial institutions, transactional counterparties or other companies in the financial services industry or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or rumors about any events of these kinds or other similar risks, have in the past and may in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems. For example, on March 10, 2023, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or the FDIC, took control and was appointed receiver of Silicon Valley Bank, or SVB. Similarly, on March 12, 2023, Signature Bank and Silvergate Capital Corp. were each swept into receivership. If any of our counterparties to our financial instruments, including funds held in uninsured deposit accounts, credit agreements, letters of credit and certain other financial instruments, were to be placed into receivership, we may be unable to access such funds. If other banks and financial institutions enter receivership or become insolvent in the future in response to financial conditions affecting the banking system and financial markets, our ability to access our existing cash, cash equivalents and investments may be threatened and could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
In addition, our future capital needs and other business needs or plans could require us to issue additional equity or debt securities or obtain a credit facility. The issuance of additional equity or equity-linked securities could dilute our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations or our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders.
If we cannot raise additional capital when we need or want to, our operations and prospects could be negatively affected.
Failure to comply with the covenants in our Credit Agreement could result in our inability to borrow additional funds and adversely impact our business.
Our Credit Agreement with Synovus Bank imposes numerous financial and other restrictive covenants on our operations, including covenants relating to our liquidity. As of December 31, 2023, we were in compliance with the covenants imposed by the Credit Agreement. If we violate these or any other covenants, any loan under the Credit Agreement could become due and payable prior to their stated maturity dates, and Synovus Bank could proceed against the collateral in our collateral account and our ability to borrow funds under the Credit Agreement in the future may be restricted or eliminated. These restrictions may also limit our ability to borrow additional funds and pursue other business opportunities or strategies that we would otherwise consider to be in our best interests.
The markets for our offerings are still in development, and if such markets do not materialize, or grow more slowly than we expect or fail to grow as large as we expect, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.
The markets for eVTOL aircraft are still in development, and our success in these markets is dependent upon our ability to effectively design, develop, and certify eVTOL aircraft, market and gain traction of air UAM as a substitute for existing methods of transportation and the effectiveness of our other marketing and growth strategies. If the public does not perceive UAM as beneficial, or chooses not to adopt UAM as a result of concerns regarding safety, noise, affordability or for other reasons, then the market for our offerings may not materialize, may develop more slowly than we expect or may not achieve the growth potential we expect, any of which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Growth of our business will require significant investments in our infrastructure, technology, and sales and marketing efforts. If our business does not have sufficient capital required to support these investments, our results of operations will be
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negatively affected. Further, our ability to effectively manage growth and expansion of our operations will also require us to enhance our operational systems, internal controls and infrastructure, human resources policies and reporting systems. These enhancements will require significant capital expenditures and allocation of valuable management and employee resources.
The eVTOL aircraft industry may not continue to develop, eVTOL aircraft may not be adopted by the market, eVTOL aircraft may not be certified by government authorities or eVTOL aircraft may not be an attractive alternative to existing modes of transportation, any of which could adversely affect our prospects, business, financial condition and results of operations.
eVTOL aircraft involve a complex set of technologies, which we must continue to further develop and rely on our Archer Direct and Archer UAM customers to adopt. However, before eVTOL aircraft can fly passengers, we must receive requisite certifications and approvals from applicable governmental authorities. There are currently no eVTOL aircraft certified by the FAA for commercial operations in the United AirlinesStates, and there is no assurance that our design, development and certification efforts will result in our receiving FAA certification of our aircraft. In order to achieve FAA certification, the performance, reliability and safety of eVTOL aircraft must be established, none of which can be assured. In particular, there is a risk that we will not obtain one or more certifications from the FAA that are required for ultimate commercial use of our aircraft, or will experience delays in receiving one or more of these certifications. Even if our eVTOL aircraft receive type certification, production certification, and airworthiness certification, eVTOL aircraft operators must conform eVTOL aircraft to their operational licenses, which requires FAA approval, and individual pilots also must be licensed and approved by the FAA to fly eVTOL aircraft, which could contribute to delays in any widespread use of eVTOL aircraft and potentially limit the number of eVTOL aircraft operators available to purchase agreement has a conditional purchase order which constitutesaircraft from or partner with us.
Additional challenges to the adoption of our eVTOL aircraft and UAM network, all of which are outside of our control, include:
market acceptance of eVTOL aircraft;
state, federal or municipal regulatory and licensing requirements for our eVTOL aircraft and UAM network operations;
necessary changes to existing infrastructure to enable adoption, including installation of necessary charging and other equipment; and
public perception regarding the safety of eVTOL aircraft.
There are a number of existing laws, regulations and standards that may apply to eVTOL aircraft, including standards that were not originally intended to apply to electric aircraft. The promulgation of additional federal, state, and local laws and regulations that address eVTOL aircraft more specifically could delay our ability to commercially launch our eVTOL aircraft and UAM network. In addition, depending on the nature of any revised regulations, we may need to modify our approach to certification, it may be difficult for us to timely comply with such regulations, and we may not be able to timely achieve FAA type certification for our aircraft. Further, we have designed our aircraft to be certified under the current FAA regulatory framework. If the applicable FAA regulations are substantially changed or new regulations are adopted, we may need to modify the design of our aircraft to comply with the new regulations, which could cause us to incur significant expenses and scheduling delays in commercializing our aircraft and launching UAM services, which could adversely affect our prospects, business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, there can be no assurance that the market will accept eVTOL aircraft, that we will be able to execute on our business strategy, or that our offerings utilizing eVTOL aircraft will obtain the necessary government approvals or be successful in the market. There may be heightened public skepticism of this nascent technology and its adopters. In particular, there could be negative public perception surrounding eVTOL aircraft, including the overall safety and the potential for injuries or death occurring as a result of accidents involving eVTOL aircraft, regardless of whether any such safety incidents occur involving us. Any of the foregoing risks and challenges could adversely affect our prospects, business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our future success depends on the continuing efforts of our key personnel and on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel and senior management.

Our future success depends, in part, on our ability to continue to attract and retain highly skilled personnel. In particular, we are highly dependent on the contributions of Adam Goldstein, our founder and CEO, as well as other members of our management team. The loss of any key personnel could make it more difficult to achieve our business plans. Although we have
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generally entered into employment offer letters with our key personnel, these letters have no specific duration and provide for at-will employment, which means our key personnel may terminate their employment relationship with us at any time.

Compensation packages for highly skilled personnel have increased over time and will likely continue to increase, and competition for highly skilled personnel is often intense, especially in the San Francisco Bay Area market where our headquarters is located, and we may incur significant costs to attract and retain our personnel. We may not be successful in attracting, integrating, or retaining qualified personnel to fulfill our current or future needs. We have, from time to time, experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining highly skilled personnel with appropriate qualifications. In addition, job candidates and existing personnel often consider the value of the equity awards they receive in connection with their service. If the perceived value of our equity or equity awards declines, it may adversely affect our ability to retain highly skilled personnel. If we fail to attract new personnel or fail to retain and motivate our current personnel, our business, operating results, financial condition and future growth prospects could be harmed.
We may be unable to manage our future growth effectively, which could make it difficult to execute our business strategy.
If our business grows as planned, of which there can be no assurance, we will need to expand our sales, marketing, operations, and the number of partners with whom we do business. Our continued growth could increase the strain on our resources, and we could experience operating difficulties, including difficulties in hiring, training and managing an increasing number of personnel. These difficulties may result in the erosion of our brand image, divert the attention of management and key personnel and impact financial and operational results. The continued expansion of our business may also require additional office space for administrative support. If we are unable to drive commensurate growth, these costs, which include lease commitments, marketing costs and headcount, could result in decreased margins, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Operation of aircraft involves a degree of inherent risk. We could suffer losses and adverse publicity stemming from any accident involving small aircraft, helicopters or charter flights and in particular from any accident involving eVTOL aircraft.
The operation of aircraft is subject to various risks, and demand for air transportation, including our UAM offerings, has and may in the future be impacted by accidents or other safety issues regardless of whether such accidents or issues involve our eVTOL aircraft or third-party eVTOL aircraft. Air transportation hazards, such as adverse weather conditions and fire and mechanical failures, may result in death or injury to personnel and passengers, which could impact client or passenger confidence in a particular aircraft type or the air transportation services industry as a whole and could lead to a reduction in passenger volume, particularly if such accidents or disasters were due to a safety fault. Safety statistics for air travel are reported by multiple parties, including the DOT and National Transportation Safety Board, and are often separated into categories of transportation. Because our UAM offerings may include a variety of transportation methods, fliers may have a hard time determining how safe UAM services are and their confidence in UAM may be impacted by, among other things, the classification of accidents in ways that reflect poorly on UAM services or the transportation methods UAM services utilize.
We believe that safety and reliability are two of the primary attributes fliers consider when selecting air transportation services. Our failure to maintain standards of safety and reliability that are satisfactory to fliers may adversely impact our ability to attract and retain customers. We are at risk of adverse publicity stemming from any public incident involving us, our people or our brand. Such an incident could involve the actual or alleged behavior of our employees, contractors, or partners. Further, if our eVTOL aircraft, whether operated by us or a third party, is involved in a public incident, accident, catastrophe or regulatory enforcement action, we could be exposed to significant reputational harm and potential legal liability. The insurance we carry may be inapplicable or inadequate to cover any such incident, accident, catastrophe or action. In the event that our insurance is inapplicable or inadequate, we may be forced to bear substantial losses from an incident or accident. In addition, any such incident, accident, catastrophe or action involving our eVTOL aircraft or eVTOL aircraft generally could create an adverse public perception, which could harm our reputation, result in air travelers being reluctant to use our services, and adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition. If we or one of our third-party aircraft operators were to suffer an accident or lose the ability to fly certain aircraft due to safety concerns or investigations, we or such operators may be required to cancel or delay certain flights until replacement aircraft and personnel are obtained.
Our operations may also be negatively impacted by accidents or other safety-related events or investigations that occur in or near the take off and landing infrastructure we plan to utilize for our UAM services. For example, if an accident were to occur at a heliport we rely on for certain flights in the future (assuming we are granted government operating authority to do so), we may be unable to fly into or out of that heliport until the accident has been cleared, any damage to the facilities have been repaired and any insurance, regulatory or other investigations have been completed.
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Additionally, the battery packs in our aircraft are expected to use lithium-ion cells. On rare occasions, lithium-ion cells can rapidly release the energy they contain by venting smoke and flames in a manner that can ignite nearby materials as well as other lithium-ion cells. While we have taken measures to enhance the safety of our electric propulsion system, a field or testing failure of our aircraft could occur in the future, which could subject us to lawsuits, product recalls, or redesign efforts, all of which would be time-consuming and expensive. Also, negative public perceptions regarding the suitability of lithium-ion cells for aerospace applications or any future incident involving lithium-ion cells such as an aircraft or other fire, even if such incident does not involve our aircraft, could seriously harm our business.
From time to time, we are expected to store varying amounts of lithium-ion cells at our facilities. In addition, our manufacturing partners and suppliers are expected to store a significant number of lithium-ion cells at their facilities. Any mishandling of battery cells may cause disruption to the operation of our facilities or our manufacturers. A safety issue or fire related to the cells could disrupt operations or cause manufacturing delays. Such damage or injury could lead to adverse publicity and potentially a safety recall. Moreover, any such failure of a competitor’s eVTOL aircraft may cause indirect adverse publicity for us and our aircraft. Such adverse publicity could negatively affect our brand and harm our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
We currently rely and will continue to rely on third-party partners to provide and store the parts and components required to manufacture our aircraft, and to supply critical components and systems, which exposes us to a number of risks and uncertainties outside our control.
We are substantially reliant on our relationships with our suppliers and service providers for the parts and components in our aircraft. If any of these suppliers or service partners were to experience delays, disruptions, capacity constraints or quality control problems in their manufacturing operations, or if they choose to not do business with us, we would have significant difficulty in procuring and producing our aircraft, and our business prospects would be significantly harmed. These disruptions would negatively impact our certification timeline, timing and amount of revenues, competitive position and reputation. In addition, our suppliers or service providers may rely on certain tax incentives that may be subject to change or elimination in the future, which could result in additional costs and delays in production if a new manufacturing site must be obtained. Further, if we are unable to successfully manage our relationship with our suppliers or service providers, the quality and availability of our aircraft may be harmed. Our suppliers or service providers could, under some circumstances, decline to accept new purchase orders from or otherwise reduce their business with us. If our suppliers or service providers stopped manufacturing our aircraft components for any reason or reduced manufacturing capacity, we may be unable to replace the lost manufacturing capacity on a timely and comparatively cost-effective basis, which would adversely impact our operations.
The manufacturing facilities of our suppliers or service providers and the equipment used to manufacture the components for our aircraft would be costly to replace and could require substantial lead time to replace and qualify for use. The manufacturing facilities of our suppliers or service providers may be harmed or rendered inoperable by natural or man-made disasters, including earthquakes, flooding, fire and power outages, or by public health issues, such as pandemics or epidemics, which may render it difficult or impossible for us to manufacture our aircraft for some period of time. The inability to manufacture our aircraft components or the backlog that could develop if the manufacturing facilities of our suppliers or service providers are inoperable for even a short period of time may result in a delay in our certification timeline, as well as the loss of customers or harm to our reputation.
We do not control our suppliers or service providers or such parties’ labor and other legal compliance practices, including their environmental, health and safety practices. If our current suppliers or service providers, or any other suppliers or service providers which we may use in the future, violate U.S. or foreign laws or regulations, we may be subjected to extra duties, significant monetary penalties, adverse publicity, the seizure and forfeiture of products that we are attempting to import or the loss of our import privileges. The effects of these factors could render the conduct of our business in a particular country undesirable or impractical and have a negative impact on our operating results.
We are or may be subject to risks associated with strategic relationships or other opportunities and may not be able to identify adequate strategic relationship opportunities, or form strategic relationships, in the future.
We have entered into strategic relationships, and may in the future enter into additional strategic relationships or joint ventures or minority equity investments, in each case with various third parties for the production or operation of our aircraft as well as with other collaborators with capabilities on data and analytics and engineering. In October 2023, we announced that we were planning to build our first international headquarters and an engineering Center of Excellence in the UAE and plan to collaborate with local manufacturing companies and Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul providers in Abu Dhabi. These alliances subject us to a number of risks, including risks associated with sharing proprietary information, non-performance by the third-party and increased expenses in establishing new strategic relationships, any of which may adversely affect our
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business. We may have limited ability to monitor or control the actions of these third parties and, to the extent any of these strategic third parties suffer negative publicity or harm to their reputation from events relating to their business, we may also suffer negative publicity or harm to our reputation by virtue of our association with any such third party.
Strategic business relationships will be an important factor in the growth and success of our business. However, there are no assurances that we will be able to continue to identify or secure suitable business relationship opportunities in the future or our competitors may capitalize on such opportunities before we do. Moreover, identifying such opportunities could require substantial management time and resources, and negotiating and financing relationships involves significant costs and uncertainties. If we are unable to successfully source and execute on strategic relationship opportunities in the future, our overall growth could be impaired, and our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
When appropriate opportunities arise, we may acquire or license additional assets, products, technologies or businesses that are complementary to our existing business. In addition to possible stockholder approval, we may need approvals and licenses from relevant government authorities for the acquisitions or licenses and to comply with any applicable laws and regulations, which could result in increased delay and costs, and may disrupt our business strategy if we fail to do so. Furthermore, acquisitions or licenses and the subsequent integration of new assets and businesses into our own would likely require significant attention from our management and could result in a diversion of resources from our existing business, which in turn could have an adverse effect on our operations. Acquired or licensed assets or businesses may not generate the financial results we expect. Acquisitions or licenses could result in the use of substantial amounts of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the occurrence of significant goodwill impairment charges, amortization expenses for other intangible assets and exposure to potential unknown liabilities of the acquired business. Moreover, the costs of identifying and consummating acquisitions may be significant.
We are party to certain purchase agreements and other contract orders for Archer aircraft.our Midnight aircraft and the provision of related services that contain conditions with respect to the purchase of our aircraft or that require us to perform and provide certain deliverables. If the conditions to United Airlines’ orderor performance obligations under such contracts are not met, or if this order is cancelled,such contracts are otherwise canceled, modified or delayed, Archer’sour prospects, results of operations, liquidity and cash flow will be harmed.

The

We are party to certain purchase agreements, including the United Airlines purchase agreement has a conditional purchase order which constitutes all of the currentPurchase Agreement, as well as other contract orders for Archer aircraft. This orderour Midnight aircraft and the provision of related services, including with the United States Air Force (the “USAF Contracts”), that contain conditions with respect to the purchase agreement between Archerof our aircraft or that require us to perform and deliver certain test, certificates and other services. Payment obligations under the United AirlinesPurchase Agreement, for example, are subject to conditions, includingconditioned upon, among other things, us receiving certification of Archer’sour aircraft by the Federal Aviation Authority (FAA),FAA and further negotiation and reaching mutual agreement on certain material terms, such as aircraft specifications, warranties, usage and transfer of the aircraft, performance guarantees, delivery periods, most favored nation provisions, the type and extent of assistance to be provided by United Airlines in obtaining certification of the aircraft for its intended use, territorial restrictions, rights to jointly developed intellectual property, escalation adjustments and other matters. The obligations of United Airlines to consummate an order pursuant to the orderUnited Purchase Agreement will arise only after all of such material terms are agreed inby the discretionparties. Payment obligations under the USAF Contracts are predicated upon, among other things, our ability to complete the design, development and ground test of each party.our Midnight aircraft, our delivery of certain test reports and certificates, the receipt of an FAA Airworthiness Certificate, the development of pilot and maintenance training workshops, the completion of flight tests and the delivery of a certain number of our Midnight production aircraft. The obligations of the United States Air Force to provide funding will arise only after a particular deliverable has been received and accepted by the United States Air Force. Further, andwith respect to the United Purchase Agreement, in addition to other termination rights set forth in the purchase agreementUnited Purchase Agreement and the collaboration agreement,Collaboration Agreement with United (the “United Collaboration Agreement”), if the parties do not agree on such material terms, either party will have the right to terminate the agreements if such party determines in its discretion that it is not likely that such material terms will be agreed in a manner that is consistent with such party’s business and operational interests (as those interests may change from time to time). The USAF Contracts may be terminated by the United States Air Force upon advanced written notice, and may also be subject to stop orders issued by the United States Air Force. If this order is cancelled,the United Purchase Agreement, the USAF Contracts or any future purchase agreements or contracts are canceled, modified or delayed, or otherwise not consummated, or if Archer iswe are otherwise unable to convert itsour strategic relationships or collaborations into sales revenue, Archer’sour prospects, results of operations, liquidity and cash flow will be affected.

Archer’s business plans require a significant amount

Some of capital. In addition, its future capital needs may require Archer to sell additional equity or debt securities that may dilute its stockholders or introduce covenants that may restrict its operations or its ability to pay dividends.

Archer expects its capital expenditures to continue to be significant in the foreseeable future as it expands its business, and that its level of capital expenditures will be significantly affected by customer demandcontract orders for its aircraft. Archer expects that following the Closing, Archer will have sufficient capital to fund its currently planned operations based on current projections,our Midnight aircraft are with U.S. government entities, which are subject to change. Overall, however, Archer expectsunique risks.

We have purchase agreements with the United States Air Force, a U.S. governmental organization, and may enter into contracts with other governmental organizations in the future. Sales to make significant investments in its business, including development of its aircraft and investments in its brand. These efforts may prove more expensive than currently anticipated, and Archer may not succeed in acquiring sufficient capital to offset these higher expenses and achieve positive revenue generation. The fact that Archer has a limited operating history means it has limited historical data on the demand for its aircraft. As a result, Archer’s future capital requirements may be uncertain and actual capital requirements may be different from those it currently anticipates. Archer may need to seek equity or debt financing to finance a portion of its capital expenditures. Such financing might not be available to Archer in a timely manner or on terms thatgovernmental organizations are acceptable, or at all.


Archer’s ability to obtain the necessary financing to carry out its business plan is subject to a number of factors,challenges and risks that may adversely affect our business and operating results, including general market conditions and investor acceptancethe following risks:

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Table of Archer’s business model. These factors may make the timing, amount, terms and conditions of such financing unattractiveContents
new regulations, or unavailablechanges to Archer. If Archer is unable to raise sufficient funds, it will have to significantly reduce its spending, delay or cancel its planned activities or substantially change its corporate structure. Archer might not be able to obtain any funding, and it might not have sufficient resources to conduct its business as projected, both of whichexisting regulations, could mean that Archer would be forced to curtail or discontinue its operations.

In addition, Archer’s future capital needs and other business reasons could require it to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain a credit facility. The sale of additional equity or equity-linked securities could dilute its stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligationscompliance costs, and we could be subject to withheld payments and/or reduced future business if we fail to comply with new or existing requirements in the future;

government demand and payment for our aircraft may be impacted by public sector budgetary cycles and funding authorizations, with funding reductions or delays adversely affecting public sector demand for our aircraft, including as a result of sudden, unforeseen and disruptive events such as government shut downs, governmental defaults on indebtedness, war, regional geopolitical conflicts around the world, incidents of terrorism, natural disasters, and public health concerns or epidemics;
governments routinely investigate and audit government contractors’ administrative processes, and any unfavorable audit could result in the government refusing to continue buying our aircraft, which would adversely impact our revenue and operating results, or institute fines or civil or criminal liability if an investigation, audit, or other review, were to uncover improper or illegal activities;
governments may require certain products to be manufactured, produced, or offered solely in their country or in other relatively high-cost locations, and financing covenantswe may not produce or offer all products in locations that would restrict Archer’s operations or itsmeet these requirements, affecting our ability to pay dividendssell these products to its stockholders.

If Archer cannot raise additional funds when it needsgovernmental agencies; and

refusal to grant certain certifications or want them, its operationsclearance by one government agency, or decision by one government agency that our products do not meet certain standards, may cause reputational harm and prospects could be negatively affected.

Archer intends to seek forgiveness on its PPP loan but may not be successful in obtaining forgiveness.

On April 9, 2020, Archer obtained a loancause concern with other government agencies.

The occurrence of approximately $905,000 pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) under Division A, Title Iany of the CARES Act. Interest accrues on the PPP Loan at a rate of 0.98% per annum and matures on April 9, 2022. The loans and accrued interest are forgivable after twenty-four (24) weeks so long as the borrower uses the loan proceeds for eligible purposes, including payroll, benefits, rent and utilities. Archer intendsforegoing could cause governmental organizations to apply for loan forgiveness under the CARES Act. Whether forgiveness will be granted and in what amount is subject to an application to, and approval by, the Small Business Administration (the “SBA”) and may also be subject to further requirements in any regulations and guidelines the SBA may adopt, and therefore, it is uncertain whether Archer will be successful in obtaining forgiveness on the loan.

Archer identified material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting. If Archer is unable to remediate these material weaknesses,delay or if it identifies additional material weaknessesrefrain from purchasing our aircraft in the future or otherwise fails to maintain an effective system of internal controls, it may not be able to accurately or timely report its financial condition or results of operations, which may adversely affect Archer’sour business and stock price.

In connection with the preparation and audit of Archer’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020, material weaknesses were identified in Archer’s internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of Archer’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. These material weaknesses are as follows:

Archer did not design and maintain an effective control environment commensurate with its financial reporting requirements. Archer lacked a sufficient number of trained professionals with (i) an appropriate level of accounting knowledge, training and experience to appropriately analyze, record and disclose accounting matters timely and accurately, and (ii) an appropriate level of knowledge and experience to establish effective processes and controls. Additionally, the limited personnel resulted in an inability to consistently establish appropriate authorities and responsibilities in pursuit of financial reporting objectives, as demonstrated by, among other things, insufficient segregation of duties in its finance and accounting functions.

This material weakness in the control environment contributed to the following additional material weaknesses:

Archer did not design and maintain an effective risk assessment process at a precise enough level to identify new and evolving risks of material misstatement in Archer’s financial statements. Specifically, changes to existing controls or the implementation of new controls have not been sufficient to respond to changes to the risks of material misstatement to financial reporting.


operating results.
Archer did not design and maintain formal accounting policies, procedures and controls to achieve complete, accurate and timely financial accounting, reporting and disclosures, including controls over the preparation and review of business performance reviews, account reconciliations and journal entries.

Archer did not design and maintain effective controls over information technology (“IT”) general controls for information systems that are relevant to the preparation of their financial statements. Specifically, Archer did not design and maintain:

ouser access controls to ensure appropriate segregation of duties and that adequately restrict user and privileged access to financial applications, programs, and data to appropriate company personnel;

oprogram change management controls to ensure that IT program and data changes affecting financial IT applications and underlying accounting records are identified, tested, authorized, and implemented appropriately; and.

ocomputer operations controls to ensure that data backups are authorized and monitored.

These material weaknesses resulted in immaterial audit adjustments to the research and development expense and property and equipment line items in our financial statements and related disclosures for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Additionally, each of these material weaknesses could result in a misstatement of substantially all of Archer’s accounts or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.

Archer has begun implementation of a plan to remediate these material weaknesses described above. Those remediation measures are ongoing and include the following:

Hiring additional accounting and IT personnel during 2021, including a new chief financial officer and other accounting personnel to bolster its accounting and IT capabilities and capacity, and to establish and maintain Archer’s internal controls;

Designing and implementing controls to formalize roles and review responsibilities to align with Archer’s team’s skills and experience and designing and implementing formal controls over segregation of duties;

Designing and implementing a formal risk assessment process to identify and evaluate changes in Archer’s business and the impact on its internal controls;

Designing and implementing formal processes, policies and procedures supporting Archer’s financial close process, including completion of business performance reviews and creation of standard balance sheet reconciliation templates and journal entry controls; and

Designing and implementing IT general controls, including controls over the review and update of user access rights and privileges, change management processes and procedures, and data backup authorization and monitoring.

While Archer believes these efforts will remediate the material weaknesses, Archer may not be able to complete its evaluation, testing or any required remediation in a timely fashion, or at all. Archer cannot assure you that the measures it has taken to date and may take in the future, will be sufficient to remediate the control deficiencies that led to its material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting or that they will prevent or avoid potential future material weaknesses. The effectiveness of Archer’s internal control over financial reporting is subject to various inherent limitations, including cost limitations, judgments used in decision making, assumptions about the likelihood of future events, the possibility of human error and the risk of fraud. Any failure to design or maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting or any difficulties encountered in their implementation or improvement could increase compliance costs, negatively impact share trading prices, or otherwise harm Archer’s operating results or cause it to fail to meet its reporting obligations.


For the year ended December 31, 2020, Archer’s independent registered public accounting firm has included an explanatory paragraph relating to Archer’s ability to continue as a going concern in its report on Archer’s audited financial statements included in the Archer Disclosure Statement.

Archer’s report from their independent registered public accounting firm for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes an explanatory paragraph stating that Archer’s recurring losses from operations and cash outflows from operating activities raise substantial doubt about Archer’s ability to continue as a going concern. Archer’s consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty and do not reflect the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination. If the Business Combination is not consummated and Archer is not able to obtain sufficient funding, its business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations will be harmed and Archer may be unable to continue as a going concern. If Archer is unable to continue as a going concern, it may have to liquidate its assets and may receive less than the value at which those assets are carried on its audited financial statements, and it is likely that investors would lose part or all of their investment. Future reports from Archer’s independent registered public accounting firm may also contain statements expressing substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. If there remains substantial doubt about Archer’s ability to continue as a going concern, investors or other financing sources may be unwilling to provide additional funding to Archer on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, and Archer’sOur business may be harmed.

If Archer experiences harmadversely affected by the current global political and macroeconomic challenges, including the effects of inflation, rising interest rates or an economic downturn or recession.

Current global political and macroeconomic conditions and the effects thereof, including inflation, volatile interest rates, uncertainty with respect to its reputationthe federal budget and brand, Archer’sfederal debt ceiling and potential government shutdowns related thereto, actual or perceived instability in the global banking sector, the war in Ukraine and the Israel-Hamas war, supply chain issues, and any economic downturn or recession in certain regions or worldwide have, and may continue to, adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The existence of inflation in certain economies has resulted in, and may continue to result in, rising interest rates and capital costs, supply shortages, increased costs of labor, components, manufacturing and shipping, as well as weakening exchange rates and other similar effects. As a result, we have experienced and may continue to experience cost increases. Although we take measures to mitigate the effects of macroeconomic challenges, if these measures are not effective, our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity could be materially adversely affected.

Continuing Even if such measures are effective, there could be a difference between the timing of when those beneficial actions impact our results or operations and when the cost of inflation is incurred.

Our aerial ride sharing operations will initially be concentrated in a small number of urban areas, which makes our business particularly susceptible to increaseinfrastructure, economic, social, weather, regulatory conditions or other circumstances affecting these metropolitan areas.
We expect to initially launch our aerial ride sharing offering in limited jurisdictions subject to receipt of the strengthnecessary approvals. Accordingly, our business and results of its reputationoperations are particularly susceptible to adverse infrastructure, economic, social, weather, regulatory, and brand for high-performing, sustainable, safeother conditions in these markets. As a result of our geographic concentration, our business and cost-effectivefinancial results relating to our aerial ride sharing operations will be particularly susceptible to the impacts of these conditions or other circumstances in each of these metropolitan areas. In addition, any changes to local laws or regulations within these urban air mobility is critical to Archer’sareas that affect our ability to attractoperate or increase our operating expenses in these markets would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and retain customersoperating results.
Disruption of operations at the locations where our take off and partners.landing facilities are expected to initially be located, whether caused by labor relations, utility or communications issues or challenges with obtaining charging infrastructure, could harm our business. Certain locations may regulate flight operations, such as limiting the number of take offs and landings, which could reduce our aerial ride sharing operations. Bans on eVTOL aircraft operations or the introduction of any new permitting requirements would significantly disrupt our operations. In addition, Archer’s growth strategy includesdemand for our Archer UAM services could be impacted if drop-offs or pick-ups of fliers become inconvenient because of take off and landing rules or regulations, or more expensive for fliers because of take off and landing related fees, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
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We expect concentration in large metropolitan areas and heavily trafficked airports also makes our business susceptible to an outbreak of a contagious disease, such as the Ebola virus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, H1N1 influenza virus, avian flu, Zika virus, and COVID-19, both due to the risk of a contagious disease affecting the urban area through the high volume of travelers flying into and out of such areas and the ease at which contagious diseases can spread through densely populated areas.
Natural disasters, including tornados, hurricanes, floods and earthquakes, and severe weather conditions, such as heavy rains, strong winds, dense fog, blizzards or snowstorms, may damage our facilities or those of our Archer Direct customers or otherwise disrupt flights into or out of the vertiports from which our aircraft arrive or depart.
Major urban areas, including those in which we expect to operate, are also at risk of terrorist attacks, actual or threatened acts of war, political disruptions and other disruptions. The occurrence of one or more natural disasters, severe weather events, epidemic or pandemic outbreaks, terrorist attacks or disruptive political events in regions where our facilities are or will be located, or where our Archer Direct customers’ facilities are located, could adversely affect our business.
Our long-term success and ability to significantly grow our revenue will depend, in part, on our ability to establish and expand into international markets and/or expand market segments.
Our future results will depend, in part, on our ability to establish and expand our presence within international markets and may also depend on our expansion into additional market segments, such as defense or logistics/cargo. Our ability to expand into these markets will depend upon our ability to obtain the necessary government approvals, adapt to international markets and new market segments, understand the local customer base, and address any unique local technological requirements. Our ability to expand internationally involves various risks, including, but not limited to, the need to invest significant resources in such expansion, and the possibility that returns on such investments will not be achieved in the near future or at all in these less familiar competitive environments. We may also choose to conduct our international business through joint ventures, minority investments or other partnerships with local companies as well as co-marketing with other established brands. If we are unable to identify partners or negotiate favorable terms, our international growth may be limited. In addition, we may incur significant expenses in advance of generating significant revenues as we attempt to establish our presence in particular international markets or market segments outside of aircraft sales and operating a UAM network to carry passengers.
If we experience harm to our reputation and brand, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Continuing to increase the strength of our reputation and brand for achieving our business plans is critical to our ability to attract and retain personnel, customers, investors, and other business partners. In addition, our growth strategy may include expansion through joint ventures, minority investments or other partnerships with strategic business partners, which may include event activationsactivities and cross-marketing with other established brands, all of which benefit from Archer’smay be dependent on our ability to build our reputation and brand recognition. The successful development of Archer’sour reputation and brand will depend on a number of factors, many of which are outside itsour control. Negative perception of Archer’s platformour technology, industry or our company may harm itsour reputation and brand, including as a result of:

complaints or negative publicity or reviews about our aircraft or service offerings from either our Archer independent third-party aircraft operators fliers, its air mobility servicesUAM or Archer Direct customers or negative publicity reviews about other brands or events Archer associatewe are associated with, even if factually incorrect or based on isolated incidents;

changes to Archer’sour operations, safety and security, privacy or other policies that users or others perceive as overly restrictive, unclear or inconsistent with Archer’sour values;

illegal, negligent, reckless or otherwise inappropriate behavior by fliers, independent or other third parties involved in the operation of Archer’s business or by Archer’sour management team or other employees;employees, our Archer Direct customers, our Archer UAM customers or our other business partners;

actual or perceived disruptions or defects in Archer’s flight control softwareour aircraft or aerial ride sharing platform, such as data security incidents, platform outages, payment processing disruptions or other incidents that impact the availability, reliability or security of Archer’sour offerings;

litigation over, or investigations by regulators into, Archer’sour aircraft or our operations or those of Archer’s independent third-party aircraft operators;our Archer Direct customers or other business partners;

a failure to operate Archer’sour business in a way that is consistent with itsour values;

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negative responses by independent third-party aircraft operatorsour Archer Direct or fliersArcher UAM customers to new mobilityUAM offerings;

perception of Archer’sour treatment of employees, contractors, Archer Direct or independent third-party aircraft operatorsArcher UAM customers or our other business partners and Archer’sour response to their sentiment related to political or social causes or actions of management; or

any of the foregoing with respect to Archer’sour competitors, to the extent such resulting negative perception affects the public’s perception of Archerus or itsour industry as a whole.


In addition, changes Archerwe may make to enhance and improve itsour offerings and balance the needs and interests of its independent third-party aircraft operatorsour Archer Direct and fliersArcher UAM customers may be viewed positively from one group’s perspective (such as fliers)our Archer UAM customers) but negatively from another’s perspective (such as independent third-party aircraft operators)companies that purchase and operate our aircraft), or may not be viewed positively by either independent third-party aircraft operatorsour Archer Direct or fliers.Archer UAM customers. If Archer failswe fail to balance the interests of independent third-party aircraft operators and fliersthese two different customer bases or make changes that they view negatively, independent third-party aircraft operators and fliersour customers may stop purchasing Archer’sour aircraft or stop using Archer’s platformour Archer UAM service or take fewer flights, any of which could adversely affect Archer’sour reputation, brand, business, financial condition and results of operations.

The markets for Archer’s offerings are still in relatively early stages of growth, and if such markets do not continue to grow, grow more slowly than Archer expects or fail to grow as large as it expects, Archer’s business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.

The markets for Archer’s eVTOL aircraft are still in relatively early stages of growth, and Archer’s success in these markets is dependent upon its

Our ability to effectively compete and generate revenue from our products and services depends upon our ability to distinguish our products and services from our competitors and their products and services.
Our ability to compete effectively is dependent on many factors, including, without limitation, the following:

speed to market of our initial aircraft and sell air urban air mobilityUAM services;

effective strategy and execution of aircraft and service offerings;

product and service safety and performance;

product and service pricing; and

quality of customer support.

We will have to demonstrate to potential customers that our products and services are attractive alternatives to other transportation offerings, by differentiating our products and services on the basis of such factors as innovation, performance, brand name, service, and price. This is difficult to do, especially in a substitute for conventional methodscompetitive market. Some of transportation and the effectiveness of its other marketing and growth strategies. If the public does not perceive urban air mobility as beneficial, or chooses not to adopt urban air mobility as a result of concerns regarding safety, affordability or for other reasons, then the market for Archer’s offeringsour competitors may not further develop, may develophave more slowlyestablished customer relationships than Archer expects or may not achieve the growth potential it expects, any ofwe do, which could harm Archer’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Growth of Archer’s business will require significant investments in its Vertiport infrastructure, technology and marketing and salesinhibit our market penetration efforts. If Archer’s business does not generate the level of available cash flow requiredwe are unable to support these investments, Archer’s results of operationscompete effectively, our revenue and profitability will be negatively affected. Further, Archer’s ability to effectively manage growth and expansion of its operations will also require Archer to enhance its operational systems, internal controls and infrastructure, human resources policies and reporting systems. These enhancements will require significant capital expenditures and allocation of valuable management and employee resources.

The electric vertical take-off and landing (“eVTOL”) aircraft industry may not continue to develop, eVTOL aircraft may not be adopted by the market or Archer’s independent third-party aircraft operators, eVTOL aircraft may not be certified by transportation authorities or eVTOL aircraft may not deliver the expected reduction in operating costs, any of which could adversely affect Archer’s prospects, business, financial condition and results of operations.

eVTOL aircraft involve a complex set of technologies, which Archer must continue to further develop and rely on its independent third-party aircraft operators to adopt. However, before eVTOL aircraft can fly passengers, Archer must receive requisite approvals from federal transportation authorities. No eVTOL aircraft are currently certified by the FAA for commercial operations in the United States, and there is no assurance that Archer’s research and development will result in government-certified aircraft that are market-viable or commercially successful in a timely manner or at all. In order to gain government certification, the performance, reliability and safety of eVTOL aircraft must be proven, none of which can be assured. Even if eVTOL aircraft are certified, individual operators must conform eVTOL aircraft to their licenses, which requires FAA approval, and individual pilots also must be licensed and approved by the FAA to fly eVTOL aircraft, which could contribute to delays in any widespread use of eVTOL aircraft and potentially limit the number of eVTOL aircraft operators available to partner with Archer.

Additional challenges to the adoption of eVTOL aircraft, all of which are outside of Archer’s control, include:

impacted.
market acceptance of eVTOL aircraft;

state, federal or municipal licensing requirements and other regulatory measures;

necessary changes to Vertiport infrastructure to enable adoption, including installation of necessary charging equipment; and

public perception regarding the safety of eVTOL aircraft.

There are a number of existing laws, regulations and standards that may apply to eVTOL aircraft, including standards that were not originally intended to apply to electric aircraft. Regulatory changes that address eVTOL aircraft more specifically could delay the ability of Archer to receive type certification by transportation authorities and thus delay Archer’s independent third-party aircraft operators’ ability to utilize eVTOL aircraft for their flights. In addition, there can be no assurance that the market will accept eVTOL aircraft, that Archer will be able to execute on its business strategy, or that Archer’s offerings utilizing eVTOL aircraft will obtain the necessary government operating authority or be successful in the market. There may be heightened public skepticism of this nascent technology and its adopters. In particular, there could be negative public perception surrounding eVTOL aircraft, including the overall safety and the potential for injuries or death occurring as a result of accidents involving eVTOL aircraft, regardless of whether any such safety incidents occur involving Archer. Any of the foregoing risks and challenges could adversely affect Archer’s prospects, business, financial condition and results of operations.


Archer may be unable to manage its future growth effectively, which could make it difficult to execute Archer’s business strategy.

If Archer’s operations continue to grow as planned, of which there can be no assurance, Archer will need to expand its sales, marketing, operations, and the number of partners with whom Archer do business. Archer’s continued growth could increase the strain on its resources, and it could experience operating difficulties, including difficulties in hiring, training and managing an increasing number of employees. These difficulties may result in the erosion of Archer’s brand image, divert the attention of management and key employees and impact financial and operational results. The continued expansion of Archer’s business may also require additional space for administrative support. If Archer is unable to drive commensurate growth, these costs, which include lease commitments, marketing costs and headcount, could result in decreased margins, which could have an adverse effect on Archer’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Operation of aircraft involves a degree of inherent risk. Archer could suffer losses and adverse publicity stemming from any accident involving small aircraft, helicopters or charter flights and in particular from any accident involving its independent third-party aircraft operators.

The operation of aircraft is subject to various risks, and demand for air transportation, including Archer’s urban air mobility offerings, has and may in the future be impacted by accidents or other safety issues regardless of whether such accidents or issues involve Archer flights, its independent third-party aircraft operators or aircraft flown by Archer’s independent third-party aircraft operators. Air transportation hazards, such as adverse weather conditions and fire and mechanical failures, may result in death or injury to personnel and passengers and which could impact client or passenger confidence in a particular aircraft type or the air transportation services industry as a whole and could lead to a reduction in passenger volume, particularly if such accidents or disasters were due to a safety fault. Safety statistics for air travel are reported by multiple parties, including the Department of Transportation (DOT) and National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), and are often separated into categories of transportation. Because Archer’s urban air mobility offerings may include a variety of transportation methods, fliers may have a hard time determining how safe urban air mobility services are and their confidence in urban air mobility may be impacted by, among other things, the classification of accidents in ways that reflect poorly on urban air mobility services or the transportation methods urban air mobility services utilize.

Archer believes that safety and reliability are two of the primary attributes fliers consider when selecting air transportation services. Archer’s failure to maintain standards of safety and reliability that are satisfactory to fliers may adversely impact its ability to retain current customers and attract new customers. Archer is at risk of adverse publicity stemming from any public incident involving Archer, our people or our brand. Such an incident could involve the actual or alleged behavior of any of Archer’s employees or independent third-party aircraft operators. Further, if Archer’s personnel, one of its independent third-party aircraft operators’ aircraft, one of Archer’s independent third-party aircraft operators’ Archer-branded aircraft, or a type of aircraft in Archer’s independent third-party aircraft operators’ fleet that is used by Archer is involved in a public incident, accident, catastrophe or regulatory enforcement action, Archer could be exposed to significant reputational harm and potential legal liability. The insurance Archer carries may be inapplicable or inadequate to cover any such incident, accident, catastrophe or action. In the event that Archer’s insurance is inapplicable or inadequate, Archer may be forced to bear substantial losses from an incident or accident. In addition, any such incident, accident, catastrophe or action involving Archer’s employees, one of the Archer-branded aircraft used by Archer belonging to Archer’s independent third-party aircraft operators’ fleet (or personnel and aircraft of Archer’s independent third-party aircraft operators), or the same type of aircraft could create an adverse public perception, which could harm Archer’s reputation, result in air travelers being reluctant to use Archer’s services, and adversely impact Archer’s business, results of operations and financial condition. If one or more of Archer’s independent third-party aircraft operators were to suffer an accident or lose the ability to fly certain aircraft due to safety concerns or investigations, Archer may be required to cancel or delay certain flights until replacement aircraft and personnel are obtained.


Archer’s operations may also be negatively impacted by accidents or other safety-related events or investigations that occur in or near the airports and heliports Archer plans to utilize for Archer’s urban air mobility services. For example, if an accident were to occur at a heliport Archer relies on for certain flights in the future (assuming Archer is granted government operating authority to do so), Archer may be unable to fly into or out of that heliport until the accident has been cleared, any damage to the facilities have been repaired and any insurance, regulatory or other investigations have be completed.

Additionally, the battery packs in Archer’s aircraft are expected to use lithium-ion cells. On rare occasions, lithium-ion cells can rapidly release the energy they contain by venting smoke and flames in a manner that can ignite nearby materials as well as other lithium-ion cells. While Archer has taken measures to enhance the safety of its battery designs, a field or testing failure of its aircraft could occur in the future, which could subject Archer to lawsuits, product recalls, or redesign efforts, all of which would be time-consuming and expensive. Also, negative public perceptions regarding the suitability of lithium-ion cells for aerospace applications or any future incident involving lithium-ion cells such as an aircraft or other fire, even if such incident does not involve Archer’s aircraft, could seriously harm its business.

From time to time Archer is expected to store varying amounts of lithium-ion cells at its facilities. In addition, Archer’s manufacturing partners and suppliers are expected to store a significant number of lithium-ion cells at their facilities. Any mishandling of battery cells may cause disruption to the operation of our facilities or our manufacturers’. A safety issue or fire related to the cells could disrupt operations or cause manufacturing delays. Such damage or injury could lead to adverse publicity and potentially a safety recall. Moreover, any failure of a competitor’s eVTOL aircraft or energy storage product may cause indirect adverse publicity for Archer and its aircraft. Such adverse publicity could negatively affect Archer’s brand and harm its business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

Archer is highly dependent on Archer’s senior management team and other highly skilled personnel, and if Archer is not successful in attracting or retaining highly qualified personnel, it may not be able to successfully implement Archer’s business strategy.

Archer’s success depends, in significant part, on the continued services of its senior management team and on Archer’s ability to attract, motivate, develop and retain a sufficient number of other highly skilled personnel, including finance, marketing, sales, and technology and support personnel. Archer believes that the breadth and depth of its senior management team’s experience across multiple industries will be instrumental to our success. The loss of any one or more members of Archer’s senior management team, for any reason, including resignation or retirement, could impair Archer’s ability to execute its business strategy and harm Archer’s business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, Archer’s financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected if Archer is unable to attract and retain skilled employees to support Archer’s operations and growth.

Archer’sOur business may be adversely affected by labor and union activities.

Although none of Archer’sour employees are currently represented by a labor union, it is common throughout the aerospace industry generally for many employees at aerospace companies to belong to a union, which can result in higher employee costs and increased risk of work stoppages. ArcherWe may also directly and indirectly depend upon other companies with unionized work forces, such as parts suppliers and trucking and freight companies, and work stoppages or strikes organized by such unions could harm Archer’sour business, financial condition or operating results.


We expect that the purchase agreements with Archer expects that its United Airlines purchase agreement and that future purchase orders willDirect customers could be subject to indexed price escalation clauses which couldwould subject Archerus to losses if it haswe have cost overruns or if increases in itsour costs exceed the applicable escalation rate.

Commercial aircraft sales contracts are often entered into years before the aircraft are delivered. In order to help account for economic fluctuations between the contract date and delivery date, aircraft pricing generally consists of a fixed amount as modified by price escalation formulas derived from labor, commodity and other price indices. Our revenue estimates are based on current expectations with respect to these escalation formulas, but the actual escalation amounts are outside of our control. Escalation factors can fluctuate significantly from period to period and changes in escalation amounts can significantly impact revenues and operating margins in our eVTOL business. We can make no assurance that any customer, current or future, will exercise purchase options, fulfill existing purchase commitments or purchase additional products or services from us. The terms and conditions of the United Airlines purchase agreementPurchase Agreement regarding price escalation clauses are yet to be determined, and there is no assurance that they will be determined in a manner that will mitigate the risks described above.

Archer currently relies and will continue

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As a public company, beginning with this Annual Report, we are required, pursuant to relySection 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, to furnish a report by management on, third-party partnersamong other things, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for each annual report on Form 10-K to provide and storebe filed with the parts and componentsSEC. This assessment needs to include disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by our management in our internal control over financial reporting. Additionally, commencing with this Annual Report, our independent registered public accounting firm is required to manufacture Archer’s aircraft,attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. An adverse report may be issued in the event our auditor is not satisfied with the level at which our controls are documented, designed, or operating.
In connection with the preparation and to supply critical components and systems, which exposes it toaudit of our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020, certain material weaknesses were identified in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. As a result of the material weaknesses, we took a number of riskssteps to remediate these material weaknesses to comply with the rules and uncertainties outside its control.

Archer is substantially reliant on its relationshipsregulations of the SEC regarding compliance with its suppliersSection 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. For a discussion of management’s consideration of the material weaknesses and service providers for the partsremediation measures, see Part II, Item 9A, “Controls and componentsProcedures” included in its aircraft. If anythis Annual Report. As of these suppliers or service partners wereDecember 31, 2023, the material weaknesses had been remediated.

While we believe our efforts have remediated the material weaknesses, we cannot assure you that the measures we have taken to experience delays, disruptions, capacity constraints or quality control problems in its manufacturing operations, or if they choose to not do business with Archer, Archer would have significant difficulty in procuringdate and producing Archer’s aircraft, and Archer’s business prospects would be significantly harmed. These disruptions would negatively impact Archer’s revenues, competitive position and reputation. In addition, Archer’s suppliers or service partners may rely on certain state tax incentives that may be subject to change or eliminationtake in the future, whichwill be sufficient to remediate the control deficiencies that led to our material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting or that they will prevent or avoid potential future material weaknesses. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting is subject to various inherent limitations, including cost limitations, judgments used in decision making, assumptions about the likelihood of future events, the possibility of human error and the risk of fraud. Any failure to design or maintain effective internal control over financial reporting or any difficulties encountered in their implementation or improvement could result in additionalincrease compliance costs, and delays in production if a new manufacturing site must be obtained. Further, if Archer is unable to manage successfully its relationship with its suppliers or service partners,negatively impact the quality and availabilitymarket price of its aircraft may be harmed. Archer’s suppliers or service partners could, under some circumstances, decline to accept new purchase orders fromour common stock, or otherwise reduce their business with Archer. If Archer’s suppliersharm our operating results or service partners stopped manufacturing Archer’s aircraft components for any reason or reduced manufacturing capacity, Archer may be unablecause us to replace the lost manufacturing capacity on a timely and comparatively cost-effective basis, which would adversely impact its operations.

The manufacturing facilities of Archer’s suppliers or service partners and the equipment usedfail to manufacture the components for Archer’s aircraft would be costly to replace and could require substantial lead time to replace and qualify for use. The manufacturing facilities of Archer’s suppliers or service partners may be harmed or rendered inoperable by natural or man-made disasters, including earthquakes, flooding, fire and power outages, or by health epidemics, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic, which may render it difficult or impossible for Archer to manufacture its aircraft for some period of time. The inability to manufacture Archer’s aircraft components or the backlog that could develop if the manufacturing facilities of its suppliers or service partners are inoperable for even a short period of time may result in the loss of customers or harm Archer’s reputation.

Archer does not control its suppliers or service partners or such parties’ labor and other legal compliance practices, including their environmental, health and safety practices. If Archer’s current suppliers or service partners, or any other suppliers or service partners which it may use in the future, violates U.S. or foreign laws or regulations, Archer may be subjected to extra duties, significant monetary penalties, adverse publicity, the seizure and forfeiture of products that Archer is attempting to import or the loss of its import privileges. The effects of these factors could render the conduct of Archer’s business in a particular country undesirable or impractical andmeet our reporting obligations.

We have a negative impact on Archer’s operating results.

Archer has been, and may in the future be, adversely affected by health epidemics and pandemics, including the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic, the duration and economic, governmental and social impact of which is difficult to predict, which may significantly harm Archer’sour business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

Archer faces

We face various risks related to public health issues, including epidemics, pandemics and other outbreaks, including the recent pandemic of respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus known as COVID-19.outbreaks. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including changes in consumer and business behavior, pandemic fears and market downturns, supply shortages and restrictions on business and individual activities, has created significant volatility in the global economy and led to reduced economic activity.economy. The spread of COVID-19 has also created a disruption in the manufacturing, delivery and overall supply chain of aircraft manufacturers and suppliers, and has led to a global decrease in aircraft sales and usage in markets around the world. The duration and long-term impact of COVID-19 on Archer’s business is currently unknown.


The pandemic has resulted in government authorities implementing numerous measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, stay-at-home or shelter-in-place orders, and business shutdowns. These measures may adversely impact Archer’s employees and operations and the operations of its suppliers, vendors and business partners, and may negatively impact its sales and marketing activities and the production schedule of its aircraft. In addition, various aspects of Archer’s business cannot be conducted remotely, including the testing and manufacturing of its aircraft. These measures by government authorities may remain in place for a significant period of time and they are likely to continue to adversely affect Archer’s testing, manufacturing and building plans, sales and marketing activities, business and results of operations.

The spread of COVID-19 has caused Archer and many of its contractors and service providers to modify their business practices (including employee travel, recommending that all non-essential personnel work from home and cancellation or reduction of physical participation in meetings, events and conferences), and Archer and its contractors and service providers may be required to take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that it determines are in the best interests of its employees, customers, suppliers, vendors and business partners. There is no certainty that such actions will be sufficient to mitigate the risks posed by the virus or otherwise be satisfactory to government authorities. If significant portions of Archer’s workforce or contractors and service providers are unable to work effectively, including due to illness, quarantines, social distancing, government actions or other restrictions in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, Archer’s operations will be impacted.

suppliers. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts Archer’shealth epidemics or pandemics can impact our business, prospects and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the pandemic, itssuch health epidemics or pandemics, their severity, the actions taken by governments and others in response to contain the virus or treat its impactsuch health epidemics and pandemics and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating activities can resume. The COVID-19 pandemic could limit the ability of Archer’s customers, suppliers, vendors and business partners to perform, including third-party suppliers’ ability to provide components and materials used in its aircraft. Archer may also experience an increase in the cost of raw materials used in its commercial production of Archer’s aircraft. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic hashealth epidemics or pandemics have subsided, Archerwe may continue to experience an adverse impact to itsour business as a result of COVID-19’s global economic impact,such health epidemics or pandemics, including any recession that has occurred or may occurongoing supply chain shortages.

Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations relating to the aviation business in general and eVTOL aircraft specifically, could adversely affect our business and our financial condition.
Our eVTOL aircraft and the operation of our UAM services will be subject to substantial regulation in the future.

There are no comparable recent eventsjurisdictions in which may provide guidance aswe intend our eVTOL aircraft to operate. We expect to incur significant costs in complying with these regulations. Regulations related to the eVTOL industry, including aircraft certification, production certification, passenger operation, flight operation, airspace operation, security regulation and infrastructure regulation are currently evolving, and we face risks associated with the development and evolution of these regulations.

Our aircraft must be certified with the FAA in the United States. Operating our aircraft in the United States and providing our passenger transportation services must comply with U.S. laws, regulations, safety standards, and customer service regulations.
Rigorous testing and the use of approved materials and equipment are among the requirements for achieving certification. Our failure to obtain or maintain certification for our aircraft or infrastructure would have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. In addition to obtaining and maintaining certification of our aircraft, we will need to obtain and maintain operational authority necessary to provide our envisioned UAM services. A transportation or aviation authority may determine that we cannot manufacture, provide, or otherwise engage in those services as we have contemplated. The inability to
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implement our envisioned services could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, and prospects.
To the spread of COVID-19extent the laws change, our aircraft and a pandemic,our services may not comply with those laws, which would have an adverse effect on our business. Complying with changing laws could be burdensome, time consuming, and expensive. To the extent compliance with new laws is cost prohibitive, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results would be adversely affected.
When we expand beyond the United States, such as a result,into the ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic Middle East, Asia, Europe and/or a similar health epidemic is highly uncertainSouth America, there will be additional laws and subject to change. Archer doesregulations we must comply with, and there may be laws and regulations in other jurisdictions we have not yet know the full extententered or laws we are unaware of COVID-19’s impact on its business,in jurisdictions we have entered that may restrict our operations or the global economy as a whole. However, the effectsbusiness practices or that are difficult to interpret and change rapidly.
Continued regulatory limitations and other obstacles interfering with our business operations could have a negative and material impact on Archer’sour business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations, and Archer will continue to monitor the situation closely.

Archer isoperations.

We are subject to cybersecurity risks to itsour operational systems, security systems, infrastructure, integrated software in itsour aircraft and customer data processed by Aircraftus or third-party vendors.

Archer is

We are at risk for interruptions, outages and breaches of its:our: (a) operational systems, including business, financial, accounting, product development, data processing or production processes, owned by Archerus or itsour third-party vendors or suppliers; (b) facility security systems, owned by Archerus or itsour third-party vendors or suppliers; (c) aircraft technology, including powertrain and avionics and flight control software, owned by Archerus or itsour third-party vendors or suppliers; (d) the integrated software in Archer’sour aircraft; or (e) customer data that Archer processeswe process or itsour third-party vendors or suppliers process on itsour behalf. Such incidents could: disrupt Archer’sour operational systems; result in loss of intellectual property, trade secrets or other proprietary or competitively sensitive information; compromise certain information of customers, employees, suppliers, or others; jeopardize the security of Archer’sour facilities; or affect the performance of in-product technology and the integrated software in Archer’sour aircraft.

Archer plans

We plan to include avionics and flight control software services and functionality that utilize data connectivity to monitor aircraft performance and to enhance safety and enable cost-saving preventative maintenance. The availability and effectiveness of Archer’sour services depend on the continued operation of information technology and communications systems. Archer’sOur systems will be vulnerable to damage or interruption from, among others, physical theft, fire, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, power loss, war, telecommunications failures, viruses, worms, trojan horses, denial or degradation of service attacks, ransomware, social engineering schemes, insider theft or misuse or other attempts to harm Archer’sour systems. Archer intendsWe intend to use itsour avionics and flight control software and functionality to log information about each aircraft’s use in order to aid Archerus in aircraft diagnostics and servicing. Archer’sOur customers may object to the use of this data, which may increase Archer’sour vehicle maintenance costs and harm itsour business prospects.


Moreover, there are inherent risks associated with developing, improving, expanding and updating Archer’sour current systems, such as the disruption of Archer’sour data management, procurement, production execution, finance, supply chain and sales and service processes. These risks may affect Archer’sour ability to manage itsour data and inventory, procure parts or supplies or manufacture, deploy, deliver and service itsour aircraft, adequately protect itsour intellectual property or achieve and maintain compliance with, or realize available benefits under, applicable laws, regulations and contracts. ArcherWe cannot be sure that these systems upon which it relies,we rely, including those of itsour third-party vendors or suppliers, will be effectively implemented, maintained or expanded as planned. If Archer doeswe do not successfully implement, maintain or expand these systems as planned, itsour operations may be disrupted itsand our ability to accurately and timely report itsour financial results could be impaired. Moreover, Archer’sour proprietary information or intellectual property could be compromised or misappropriated, and itsour reputation may be adversely affected. If these systems do not operate as Archer expectswe expect them to, Archerwe may be required to expend significant resources to make corrections or find alternative sources for performing these functions.

The landscape of laws, regulations, and industry standards related to cybersecurity is evolving globally. We may be subject to increased compliance burdens by regulators and customers with respect to our aircraft, as well as additional costs to oversee and monitor security risks. Many jurisdictions have enacted laws mandating companies to inform individuals, stockholders, regulatory authorities, and others of security breaches. For example, the SEC recently adopted cybersecurity risk management and disclosure rules, which require the disclosure of information pertaining to cybersecurity incidents and cybersecurity risk management, strategy, and governance. In addition, certain of our customer agreements may require us to promptly report security breaches involving their data on our systems or those of subcontractors processing such data on our behalf. This mandatory disclosure can be costly, harm our reputation, erode customer trust, and require significant resources to mitigate issues stemming from actual or perceived security breaches.
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Failure to comply with federal, state and foreign laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection, or the expansion of current laws and regulations or the enactment of new laws or regulations in these areas, could adversely affect Archer’sour business and Archer’sour financial condition.

Archer is

We are subject to or affected by a number of federal, state and local laws and regulations, as well as contractual obligations and industry standards, that impose certain obligations and restrictions with respect to data privacy and security, and govern Archer’sour collection, storage, retention, protection, use, processing, transmission, sharing and disclosure of personal information including that of itsour employees, customers and others. Most jurisdictions have enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals, regulatory authorities and others of security breaches involving certain types of data. Such laws may be inconsistent or may change or additional laws may be adopted. In addition, Archer’sour agreements with certain customers may require New Archerus to notify them in the event of a security breach. Such mandatory disclosures are costly, could lead to negative publicity, result in penalties or fines, result in litigation, may cause Archer’sour customers to lose confidence in the effectiveness of Archer’sour security measures and require New Archerus to expend significant capital and other resources to respond to and/or alleviate problems caused by the actual or perceived security breach.

The global data protection landscape is rapidly evolving, and implementation standards and enforcement practices are likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. ArcherWe may not be able to monitor and react to all developments in a timely manner. For example, California adopted the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)(the “CCPA”), which became effective in January 2020.2020and which was recently amended and expanded by the California Privacy Rights Act (the “CPRA”) as of January 1, 2023. The CCPA establishes a privacy framework for covered businesses, including an expansive definition of personal information and data privacy rights for California residents. The CCPA includes a framework with potentially severe statutory damages and private rights of action. The CCPA requires covered businesses to provide new disclosures to California residents, provide them new ways to opt-out of certain disclosures of personal information, and allow for a new cause of action for data breaches. As Archer expands itswe expand our operations, the CCPA and CPRA may increase Archer’sour compliance costs and potential liability. Some observers have noted that the CCPA and CPRA could mark the beginning of a trend toward more stringent privacy legislation in the United States. Other states have begun to proposeadopted similar laws.laws, many of which have gone into effect. Compliance with any applicable privacy and data security laws and regulations is a rigorous and time-intensive process, and Archerwe may be required to put in place additional mechanisms to comply with such laws and regulations.

Archer publishes

In addition, we are or may become subject to a variety of foreign laws and regulations regarding privacy, data protection, and data security. These laws and regulations are continuously evolving and developing. The scope and interpretation of the laws that are or may be applicable to us are often uncertain and may be conflicting, particularly with respect to foreign laws. Such laws and regulations often have changes in scope, may be subject to differing interpretations, and may be inconsistent among different jurisdictions. For example, the European General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), which became effective in May 2018, includes operational requirements for companies that receive or process personal data of residents of the European Union that are broader and more stringent than those previously in place in the European Union. The GDPR includes significant penalties for non-compliance, including fines of up to €20 million or 4% of total worldwide revenue. Further, following the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union, the GDPR was implemented in the United Kingdom (the “UK GDPR”)—non-compliance with which may lead to similar compliance and operational costs as the GDPR with potential fines up to £17 million or 4% of global turnover. The UK GDPR sits alongside the UK Data Protection Act 2018 which implements certain derogations in the EU GDPR into UK law. Under the UK GDPR, companies not established in the UK but who process personal information in relation to the offering of goods or services to individuals in the UK, or to monitor their behavior will be subject to the UK GDPR—the requirements of which are largely aligned with those under the GDPR but still require specific compliance under UK law that we must monitor and with which we must comply.
Additionally, we may be subject to evolving laws and regulations regarding the transfer of personal data outside of the European Economic Area (“EEA”). Recently, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield is an invalid transfer mechanism, but upheld standard contractual clauses as a valid transfer mechanism. The validity of data transfer mechanisms remains subject to legal, regulatory, and political developments in both Europe and the United States. The invalidation of the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield and potential invalidation of other data transfer mechanisms could have a significant adverse impact on our ability to process and transfer personal data outside of the EEA.
Governments are continuing to focus on privacy and data security, and it is possible that new privacy or data security laws will be enacted or existing laws will be amended in a way that is material to our business. Any significant change to applicable laws, regulations, or industry practices regarding our users’ data could require us to modify our services and features, possibly in a material manner, and may limit our ability to develop new products, services, and features. Although we have made efforts to design our policies, procedures, and systems to comply with the current requirements of applicable state, federal, and foreign laws, changes to applicable laws and regulations in this area could subject us to additional regulation and oversight, any of which could significantly increase our operating costs.
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We publish privacy policies and other documentation regarding itsour collection, processing, use and disclosure of personal information and/or other confidential information. Although Archer endeavorswe endeavor to comply with itsour published policies and other documentation, Archerwe may at times fail to do so or may be perceived to have failed to do so. Moreover, despite itsour efforts, Archerwe may not be successful in achieving compliance if Archer’sour employees, contractors, service providers or vendors fail to comply with itsour published policies and documentation. Such failures can subject Archerus to potential local, state and federal action if theywe are found to be deceptive, unfair, or misrepresentative of itsour actual practices. Claims that Archer haswe have violated individuals’ privacy rights or failed to comply with data protection laws or applicable privacy notices even if Archer iswe are not found liable, could be expensive and time-consuming to defend and could result in adverse publicity that could harm itsour business.


We currently have a subsidiary located outside of the United States and plan for international operations in the future, which could subject us to political, operational and regulatory challenges.

Archer is

We currently have a subsidiary in Brazil engaged in limited test manufacturing, research and development and other activities and plan to eventually expand our business outside of the United States. International operations are subject to a number of risks, including regulations that may differ from or be more stringent than analogous U.S. regulations, local political or economic instability, cross-border political tensions, import and export compliance, privacy, data protection, information security, labor and employment matters, and exposure to potential liabilities under anti-corruption or anti-bribery laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar laws and regulations. If any of these risks materialize, it could adversely impact our business.
We are subject to risks associated with climate change, including the potential increased impacts of severe weather events on our operations and infrastructure.

The potential physical effects of climate change, such as increased frequency and severity of high wind conditions, storms, floods, fires, fog, mist, freezing conditions, sea-level rise and other climate-related events, could affect Archer’sour operations, infrastructure and financial results. Certain of the airports where Archer’s terminal facilities are expected to initially be located in connection with its aerial ride sharing operations are susceptible to the impacts of storm-related flooding and sea-level rise, whichClimate change risks could result in costsbut are not limited to operational risk from the physical effect of climate events on our terminal facilities, production facilities and loss of revenue. Archerother assets, as well as transitional risks, including new or more stringent regulatory requirements, increased monitoring and disclosure requirements, and potential effects on our reputation and/or changes in our business. We could incur significant costs to improve the climate resiliency of itsour aircraft or infrastructure and otherwise prepare for, respond to, and mitigate such physical effects of climate change. Archer isWe are not able to accurately predict the materiality of any potential losses or costs associated with the physical effects of climate change.

Archer intends

We intend to retain certain personal information about its aircraft,our customers, employees or others that, if compromised, could harm Archer’sour financial performance and results of operations or prospects.

Archer is

We are subject to a wide variety of laws in the United States and other jurisdictions related to privacy, data protection and consumer protection that are often complex and subject to varying interpretations. As a result, these privacy, data protection and consumer protection laws may change or develop over time through judicial decisions or as new guidance or interpretations are provided by regulatory and governing bodies and such changes or developments may be contrary to Archer’sour existing practices. This may cause Archerus to expend resources on updating, changing or eliminating some of our privacy and data protection practices.

Archer plans

We plan to collect, store, transmit and otherwise process data from our aircraft, our customers, our employees and others as part of itsour business and operations, which may include personal data or confidential or proprietary information. ArcherWe also workswork with partners and third-party service providers or vendors that collect, store and process such data on itsour behalf and in connection with itsour aircraft. There can be no assurance that any security measures that Archerwe or itsour third-party service providers or vendors have implemented will be effective against current or future security threats. If a compromise of data were to occur, Archerwe may become liable under itsour contracts with other parties and under applicable law for damages and incur penalties and other costs to respond to, investigate and remedy such an incident. Archer’sOur systems, networks and physical facilities could be breached, or personal information could otherwise be compromised due to employee error or malfeasance, if, for example, third parties attempt to fraudulently induce Archer’sour employees or Archer’sour customers to disclose information or user namesusernames and/or passwords. Third parties may also exploit vulnerabilities in, or obtain unauthorized access to, platforms, systems, networks and/or physical facilities utilized by Archer’sour third-party service providers and vendors.

Archer’s

Our aircraft contain complex information technology systems and built-in data connectivity to share aircraft data with ground operations infrastructure. Archer plansWe plan to design, implement and test security measures intended to prevent unauthorized access to itsour information technology networks, itsour aircraft and related systems. However, hackers may attempt to gain unauthorized access to modify, alter and use such networks, aircraft and systems to gain control of or to change Archer’sour aircraft’s functionality, performance characteristics, or to gain access to data stored in or generated by the aircraft. A significant breach of Archer’sour third-party service providers’ or vendors’ or itsour own network security and systems could have serious negative
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consequences for Archer’sour business and future prospects, including possible fines, penalties and damages, reduced customer demand for itsour aircraft or urban aerial ride sharing services and harm to itsour reputation and brand.

Archer

We may not have adequate insurance coverage. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against Archerus that exceeds itsour available insurance coverage, or results in changes to itsour insurance policies (including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements), could have an adverse effect on itsour business. In addition, Archerwe cannot be sure that itsour existing insurance coverage will continue to be available on acceptable terms or that Archer’sour insurers will not deny coverage as to any future claim.


Archer will incur increased costs as a resultThe requirements of operating asbeing a public company may strain our resources, divert management’s attention and itsaffect our ability to attract and retain additional executive management will devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives.

If Archer completes the Business Combination and becomes a public company, it will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that it did not incur as a private company, and these expenses may increase even more after Archer is no longer an emerging growth company, as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act. As a public company, Archer will bequalified board members.

We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act as well as rules adopted, and to be adopted, byof 2010, the SEC and NYSE. Archer’s managementlisting requirements of the NYSE and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, Archer expectsapplicable securities rules and regulations. Compliance with these rules and regulations has increased, and will continue to substantially increase, itsour legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming, or costly, and increase demand on our systems and resources. The Exchange Act requires, among other things, that we file annual, quarterly, and current reports with respect to our business and operating results. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. In order to maintain and improve our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting to meet this standard, significant resources and management oversight have been and may in the future be required. As a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could adversely affect our business and operating results. Although we have already hired additional employees to comply with these requirements, we may need to hire more employees in the future or engage outside consultants, which would increase our costs and expenses.
In the future, changes in laws or regulations governing our operations, changes in the interpretation thereof or newly enacted laws or regulations and any failure by us to comply with these laws or regulations, could have a materially adverse effect on our business. In addition, changing laws, regulations, and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs, and to makemaking some activities more time-consumingtime consuming. These laws, regulations, and costly. Thestandards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve or otherwise change over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We intend to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations, and standards (or changing interpretations of them), and this investment may result in increased costs will increase Archer’s net loss. For example, Archer expects these rulesselling, general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new laws, regulations, and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to make it more difficultambiguities related to their application and more expensive for itpractice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us, and our business may be adversely affected. As a public company, we have also had to incur increased expenses in order to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and itwe may be forcedrequired to accept reduced policy limitscoverage or incur substantially higher costs to maintain the same or similar coverage. Archer cannot predictcoverage or estimateobtain coverage in the amount or timing of additional costs it may incur to respond to these requirements. The impact of these requirementsfuture. These factors could also make it more difficult for Archerus to attract and retain qualified personsmembers of our board of directors, particularly to serve on its boardour audit committee, compensation committee, and nominating and governance committee, and qualified executive officers.
As a result of directors, its board committees or as executive officers.

Archer is or may be subject to risks associated with strategic alliances or acquisitions and may not be able to identify adequate strategic relationship opportunities, or form strategic relationships,disclosure of information in the future.

Archer has entered into strategic alliances,filings required of a public company, our business and may in the future enter into additional strategic alliances or joint ventures or minority equity investments, in each case with various third parties for the production of its aircraft as well as with other collaborators with capabilities on data and analytics and engineering. These alliances subject Archer to a number of risks, including risks associated with sharing proprietary information, non-performance by the third-party and increased expenses in establishing new strategic alliances, any offinancial condition is more visible, which may adversely affect Archer’s business. Archer may have limited ability to monitorresult in threatened or control the actions of these third parties and, to the extent any of these strategic third parties suffers negative publicity or harm to their reputation from events relating to theiractual litigation, including by competitors. If such claims are successful, our business Archer may also suffer negative publicity or harm to its reputation by virtue of its association with any such third-party.

Strategic business relationships will be an important factor in the growth and success of Archer’s business. However, there are no assurances that Archer will be able to continue to identify or secure suitable business relationship opportunities in the future or Archer’s competitors may capitalize on such opportunities before Archer does. Moreover, identifying such opportunities could require substantial management time and resources, and negotiating and financing relationships involves significant costs and uncertainties. If Archer is unable to successfully source and execute on strategic relationship opportunities in the future, its overall growth could be impaired, and its business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

When appropriate opportunities arise, Archer may acquire additional assets, products, technologiesaffected, and even if the claims do not result in litigation or businesses that are complementaryresolved in our favor, these claims, and the time and resources necessary to its existing business.resolve them, could divert the resources of our management and adversely affect our business and operating results. In addition, as a result of our disclosure obligations as a public company, we have reduced flexibility and are under pressure to possible stockholder approval, Archerfocus on short-term results, which may need approvals and licenses from relevant government authorities for the acquisitions andadversely affect our ability to comply with any applicable laws and regulations, which could result in increased delay and costs,achieve long-term profitability.

We are, and may disrupt Archer’s business strategy if it fails to do so. Furthermore, acquisitions and the subsequent integration of new assets and businesses into Archer’s own require significant attention from Archer’s management and could result in a diversion of resources from Archer’s existing business, which in turn could have an adverse effect on Archer’s operations. Acquired assets or businesses may not generate the financial results Archer expects. Acquisitions could result in the use of substantial amounts of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the occurrence of significant goodwill impairment charges, amortization expenses for other intangible assets and exposurefuture become, subject to potential unknown liabilities of the acquired business. Moreover, the costs of identifying and consummating acquisitions may be significant.


Archer may need to defend itself against intellectual property infringement claims or misappropriation claims,legal proceedings, which may be time-consuming and expensive and, if adversely determined, could delay, limit Archer’sor prevent our ability to commercialize its aircraft.

Companies, organizationsour aircraft or individuals, including Archer’s competitors, may ownotherwise execute on our business plans.

Pending legal proceedings and other future legal proceedings against us or obtain patents, trademarksour employees, regardless of outcome or other proprietary rights thatmerit, could be time consuming and expensive to defend or resolve, result in substantial diversion of management and technical resources, delay, limit or prevent or limit Archer’sour ability to make, use, develop, commercialize or deploy itsour aircraft and aerial ride sharing
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services and deteriorate our reputation and our business relationships, any of which could make it more difficult or impossible for Archerus to operate its business. Archerour business or otherwise execute on our business plan and significantly adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations. In the event of an adverse outcome of litigation, we may receive inquiries from patent, copyright have to cease developing and/or trademark owners inquiring whether Archer infringes upon their proprietary rights. For example, Archer and certain of Archer's employees, who are former employees of Wisk Aero LLC (“Wisk”), are involved in a federal investigation reviewing Archer's hiring practices and intellectual property. In addition, on April 5, 2021, Wisk brought a lawsuit against Archer, alleging that Archer misappropriated Wisk's trade secrets and infringed Wisk's patents in developing Archer's eVTOL aircraft, and on May 19, 2021, filed a motion for preliminary injunction and expedited discovery.

Companies owning patents or other intellectual property rights relating to battery packs, electric motors, aircraft configurations, fly-by-wire flight control software or electronic power management systems may allege infringement or misappropriation of such rights. In response to a determination that Archer has infringed upon or misappropriated a third-party’s intellectual property rights, Archer may be required to do one or more of the following:

cease development, sales or use of its products that incorporate the asserted intellectual property;

pay substantial damages;

obtain a license from the owner ofusing the asserted intellectual property, right, which license may not be available on reasonable terms or available at all; or

re-design one or more aspects or systems of its aircraft or other offerings.

A successful claim of infringement or misappropriation against Archer could harm itssignificantly adversely impact our business, prospects, financial condition, and operating results. Even if Archer is successful in defending against these claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and demand on management resources.

Archer’sor results of operation.

Our business may be adversely affected if it iswe are unable to protect itsour intellectual property rights from unauthorized use by third parties.

Failure to adequately protect Archer’sour intellectual property rights could result in Archer’sour competitors offering similar products or services, potentially resulting in the loss of some of Archer’sour competitive advantage and a decrease in itsour revenue, which could adversely affect Archer’sour business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. Archer sOur success depends, at least in part, on itsour ability to protect its coreour key technology and intellectual property. To accomplish this, Archerwe will rely on a combination of patents, trade secrets (including know-how), employee and third-party nondisclosurenon-disclosure agreements, copyrights, trademarks, intellectual property licenses and other contractual rights to establish and protect Archer’sour rights in itsour technology.

The protection of Archer’sour intellectual property rights will be important to itsour future business opportunities. However, the measures Archer takeswe take to protect itsour intellectual property from unauthorized use by others may not be effective for various reasons, including the following:

as noted below, any patent applications Archer submitswe submit may not result in the issuance of patents (and patents have not yet issued to Archerus based on itsour pending applications);

the scope of Archer’sour patents that may subsequently issue may not be broad enough to protect itsour proprietary rights;

Archer’sour issued patents may be challenged or invalidated by third parties;

Archer’sour employees or business partners may breach their confidentiality, non-disclosure and non-use obligations to Archer;us;

third parties may independently develop technologies that are the same or similar to Archer’s;ours;

the costs associated with enforcing patents, confidentiality and invention agreements or other intellectual property rights may make enforcement impracticable; and

current and future competitors may circumvent or otherwise design around Archer’sour patents.


Patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws vary throughout the world. SomeThe laws in some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. Further,Furthermore, policing the unauthorized use of Archer’sour intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions may be difficult. Therefore, Archer’sour intellectual property rights may not be as strong or as easily enforced outside of the U.S.

United States.

Also, while Archer haswe have registered and applied for trademarks in an effort to protect itsour investment in itsour brand and goodwill with customers, competitors may challenge the validity of those trademarks and other brand names in which Archer haswe have invested. Such challenges can be expensive and may adversely affect Archer’sour ability to maintain the goodwill gained in connection with a particular trademark.

Archer’s aerial ride sharing operations will initially

To the extent we expand our international activities, our exposure to unauthorized use of our technologies and proprietary information may increase. We may also fail to detect unauthorized use of our intellectual property, or be concentratedrequired to expend significant resources to monitor and protect our intellectual property rights, including engaging in a small numberlitigation, which may be costly, time-consuming, and divert the attention of metropolitan areasmanagement and airports which makes Archer’sresources, and may not ultimately be successful. If we fail to meaningfully establish, maintain, protect and enforce our intellectual property rights internationally, our business, particularly susceptible to natural disasters, outbreaks and pandemics, economic, social, weather, growth constraints and regulatory conditions or other circumstances affecting these metropolitan areas.

Archer expects to initially launch its aerial ride sharing offering in limited jurisdictions subject to receipt of the necessary operating authority. Accordingly, Archer’s businessfinancial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We were previously a “smaller reporting company”, and we are particularly susceptibleable to adverse economic,take advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to “smaller reporting companies” through the filing of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2024, which could make our Class A common stock less attractive to investors.
We were previously a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K and we are therefore able to take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations in this Annual Report, including reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in the Proxy Statement for our 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. As a result, our stockholders may not have access to certain information they may deem important, and we cannot predict whether investors
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will find our Class A common stock less attractive because we will have been able to rely on this exemption. If some investors find our Class A common stock less attractive as a result of our reliance on this exemption, the trading price of our Class A common stock may be lower than it otherwise would be, there may be a less active trading market for our Class A common stock and the trading price of our Class A common stock may be more volatile.
Our management team has limited experience managing a public company.
Most members of our management team have limited experience managing a publicly traded company, interacting with public company investors and regulators, and complying with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies. Our management team may not successfully or efficiently manage our transition to being a public company subject to significant regulatory political, weatheroversight and reporting obligations under the federal securities laws and the continuous scrutiny of securities analysts and investors. These new obligations and constituents require significant attention from our senior management and could divert their attention away from the day-to-day management of our business, which could adversely impact our business, operating results, and financial condition.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation requires, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that derivative actions brought in our name, actions against our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders for breach of fiduciary duty and other conditionssimilar actions may be brought only in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware, which may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that (i) unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by the applicable law, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for any stockholder (including a beneficial owner) to bring (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of us, (2) any action or proceeding asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer or other employee of ours or any stockholder of ours to us or our stockholders, (3) any action or proceeding asserting a claim against us or any of our current or former directors, officers or other employees or any stockholder arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”), our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws, (4) any action or proceeding to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws (or any right, obligation or remedy thereunder), (5) any action or proceeding as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction to the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, and (6) any action asserting a claim against us or any director, officer or other employee of ours or any stockholder, governed by the internal affairs doctrine, in all cases to the fullest extent permitted by law and subject to the court’s having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants, and (ii) unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Any person holding, owning or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock will be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to this forum selection provision.
This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims, although such stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. However, there is no assurance that a court would enforce the choice of forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. If a court were to find such provision to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other marketsjurisdictions, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
The warrants originally issued by Atlas are accounted for as liabilities and changes in the value of these warrants could have a material effect on our financial results.
On April 12, 2021, the staff of the SEC (the “SEC Staff”) expressed its view that certain terms and conditions common to special purpose acquisition company (“SPAC”) warrants may become similarly concentrated.require the warrants to be classified as liabilities instead of equity on a SPAC’s balance sheet. As a result of Archer’s geographic concentration,the SEC Staff’s statement, Atlas reevaluated the accounting treatment of its public warrants and private placement warrants, and determined to classify the warrants as derivative liabilities measured at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in its statement of operations for each reporting period.
See Note 12 - Liability Classified Warrants to our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, for additional information about our public and private warrants that were originally issued by Atlas. Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815-40 provides for the remeasurement of the fair value of such derivatives at each balance sheet date, with a resulting non-cash gain or loss related to the change in the fair value being recognized in the
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consolidated statements of operations. As a result of the recurring fair value measurement, our financial statements and results of operations may fluctuate quarterly based on factors which are outside of our control. Due to the recurring fair value measurement, we expect that we will recognize non-cash gains or losses on our warrants each reporting period and that the amount of such gains or losses could be material.
Investors’ expectations of our performance relating to environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) factors may impose additional costs and expose us to new risks.
There is an increasing focus from investors, customers, regulators, employees and other stakeholders concerning corporate responsibility, specifically related to ESG matters. Some investors may use these non-financial performance factors to guide their investment strategies and, in some cases, may choose not to invest in us if they believe our policies and actions relating to corporate responsibility are inadequate. The growing investor demand for measurement of non-financial performance is addressed by third-party providers of sustainability assessment and ratings on companies. The criteria by which our corporate responsibility practices are assessed may change due to the constant evolution of the sustainability landscape, which could result in greater expectations of us and cause us to undertake costly initiatives to satisfy such new criteria. If we elect not to or are unable to satisfy such new criteria, investors may conclude that our policies and/or actions with respect to corporate social responsibility are inadequate. We may face reputational damage in the event that we do not meet the ESG standards set by various constituencies.
Furthermore, in the event that we communicate certain initiatives and goals regarding ESG matters, we could fail, or be perceived to fail, in our achievement of such initiatives or goals, or we could be criticized for the scope of such initiatives or goals. In addition, California recently adopted a number of new climate-related bills, including bills which require companies doing business in California that meet certain revenue thresholds to publicly disclose certain greenhouse gas emissions data and climate-related financial risk reports. The SEC has also proposed disclosure requirements regarding, among other ESG topics, the impact our business has on the environment. If we fail to satisfy the expectations of investors, customers, regulators, employees and other stakeholders or our initiatives are not executed as planned, our reputation and business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely impacted.
Changes in financial accounting standards may cause adverse unexpected fluctuations and affect our reported results relatingof operations.
A change in accounting standards or practices, and varying interpretations of existing or new accounting pronouncements, as well as significant costs incurred or that may be incurred to its aerial ride sharing operations will be particularly susceptibleadopt and to natural disasters, outbreakscomply with these new pronouncements, could have a significant effect on our reported financial results or the way we conduct our business. If we do not ensure that our systems and pandemics, economic, social, weather, growth constraintsprocesses are aligned with the new standards, we could encounter difficulties generating quarterly and regulatory conditions or other circumstancesannual financial statements in each of these metropolitan areas. In addition, any changes to local laws or regulations within these key metropolitan areas that affect Archer’s ability to operate or increase its operating expenses in these markets woulda timely manner, which could have an adverse effect on Archer’sour business, our ability to meet our reporting obligations and compliance with internal control requirements.
Management will continue to make judgments and assumptions based on our interpretation of new standards. If our circumstances change or if actual circumstances differ from our assumptions, our operating results may be adversely affected and could fall below our publicly announced guidance or the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the market price of our Class A common stock.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities

The price of our Class A common stock and warrants may be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment as a result.
The price of our Class A common stock and warrants may fluctuate due to a variety of factors, including:
changes in macroeconomic or market conditions or trends in our industry or markets, such as inflation, recessions, volatility in interest rates, ongoing supply chain shortages, local and national elections, international currency fluctuations, uncertainty with respect to the federal budget and federal debt ceiling and potential government shutdowns related thereto, actual or perceived instability in the global banking sector, political instability and acts of war, such as the war in Ukraine and the Israel-Hamas war, or terrorism;
results of operations that vary from the expectations of securities analysts and investors;
results of operations that vary from those of our competitors;
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changes in expectations as to our future financial performance, including financial estimates and investment recommendations by securities analysts and investors;
declines in the market prices of stocks generally;
strategic actions by us or our competitors;
announcements by us or our competitors of significant contracts, acquisitions, joint ventures, other strategic relationships or capital commitments;
any significant change in our management;
changes in business or regulatory conditions, including new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business;
future sales of our Class A common stock or other equity or debt securities;
investor perceptions or the investment opportunity associated with our Class A common stock relative to other investment alternatives;
the public’s response to press releases or other public announcements by us or third parties, including our filings with the SEC;
litigation involving us, our industry, or both, or investigations by regulators into our operations or those of our competitors;
guidance, if any, that we provide to the public, any changes in this guidance or our failure to meet this guidance;
the development and sustainability of an active trading market for our securities;
actions by institutional or activist stockholders;
changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations or principles; and
other events or factors, including those resulting from natural disasters, war, acts of terrorism or responses to these events.
These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock and warrants, regardless of our actual operating performance. In addition, price volatility may be greater if the public float and trading volume of our Class A common stock is low.
In the past, following periods of market volatility, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation. If we were involved in securities litigation, it could have a substantial cost and divert resources and the attention of executive management from our business regardless of the outcome of such litigation.
The dual-class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting power with certain shareholders of our Class B common stock, which could limit other shareholders’ ability to influence the outcome of important transactions, including a change in control.
Shares of our Class B common stock have ten votes per share, while shares of our Class A common stock have one vote per share. Adam Goldstein, our founder, as well as certain other stockholders, hold the issued and outstanding shares of our Class B common stock. These shares represent a substantial majority of the voting power of our capital stock on an outstanding basis and if voted together are able to control matters submitted to our shareholders for approval, including the election of directors, amendments of our organizational documents and any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of our assets or other major corporate transactions for so long as the shares of Class B common stock represent at least 9.1% of all outstanding shares of our capital stock. These holders may have interests that differ from other shareholders and may vote in a way which may be adverse to other shareholders or with which our other shareholders may disagree. This concentrated control may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change in control, could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their capital stock as part of a sale, and might ultimately affect the market price of our Class A common stock.
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We cannot predict the impact that our dual-class structure may have on the stock price of our Class A common stock.
We cannot predict whether our dual-class structure will result in a lower or more volatile market price of Class A common stock or in adverse publicity or other adverse consequences. For example, certain index providers have announced restrictions on including companies with multiple-class share structures in certain of their indexes. Due to these policies, our dual-class capital structure may make us ineligible for inclusion in certain indexes, and as a result, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds and other investment vehicles that attempt to passively track those indexes will not be investing in our stock. These policies are still new, and it remains unclear what effect, if any, they will have on the valuations of publicly traded companies excluded from such indexes, but it is possible that they may depress these valuations compared to those of other similar companies that are included. Because of our dual-class structure, we are likely excluded from certain of these indexes and we cannot assure you that other stock indexes will not take similar actions. Given the sustained flow of investment funds into passive strategies that seek to track certain indexes, exclusion from stock indexes likely precludes investment by many of these funds and could make our Class A common stock less attractive to other investors. As a result, the market price of our Class A common stock could be adversely affected.
We may be required to take write-downs or write-offs, or may be subject to restructuring, impairment or other charges that could have a significant negative effect on our financial condition, results of operations and the price of our Class A common stock, which could cause you to lose some or all of your investment.
Factors outside of our control may, at any time, arise. As a result of these factors, we may be forced to later write-down or write-off assets, restructure operations, or incur impairment or other charges that could result in reporting losses. Unexpected risks may arise, and previously known risks may materialize. Even though these charges may be non-cash items and therefore not have an immediate impact on our liquidity, we must report charges of this nature which could contribute to negative market perceptions about us or our securities. In addition, charges of this nature may cause us to be unable to obtain future financing on favorable terms or at all.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with the continued listing standards of the NYSE. The NYSE may delist our securities from trading on its exchange, which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in our securities and subject us to additional trading restrictions.
Our Class A common stock and public warrants are listed on the NYSE under the symbols “ACHR” and “ACHR WS,” respectively. We cannot assure you that our securities will continue to be listed on the NYSE. We are required to demonstrate compliance with the NYSE’s continued listing requirements in order to continue to maintain the listing of our securities on the NYSE. If the NYSE delists our securities from trading on its exchange and we are not able to list our securities on another national securities exchange, our securities could be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, we could face significant adverse consequences, including:
a limited availability of market quotations for our securities;
reduced liquidity for our securities;
a determination that our Class A common stock is a “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in our Class A common stock to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities;
a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and
a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.
Because there are no current plans to pay cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future, you may not receive any return on investment unless you sell your common stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.
We intend to retain future earnings, if any, for future operations, expansion and debt repayment and there are no current plans to pay any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. The declaration, amount and payment of any future dividends on shares of our common stock will be at the sole discretion of our board of directors. Our board of directors may take into account general and economic conditions, our financial condition and operating results.

Disruptionresults of operations, atour available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, capital requirements, contractual, legal, tax, and regulatory restrictions, implications on the airports where Archer’s terminal facilities are expectedpayment of dividends by us to initially our stockholders or by our subsidiaries to us and such other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant. In addition, our ability to pay dividends is limited by covenants of our existing and outstanding indebtedness and may

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be located, whether causedlimited by labor relations, utilitycovenants of any future indebtedness we incur. As a result, you may not receive any return on an investment in our common stock unless you sell our common stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.
If securities analysts do not publish research or communications issuesreports about our business or fuel shortages,if they downgrade our Class A common stock or our sector, our Class A common stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our Class A common stock will rely in part on the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us or our business. We will not control these analysts. In addition, some financial analysts may have limited expertise with our model and operations. Furthermore, if one or more of the analysts who do cover us downgrade our Class A common stock or industry, or the stock of any of our competitors, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the price of our Class A common stock could decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases to cover us or fails to initiate coverage or publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause our Class A common stock price or trading volume to decline.
Future sales, or the perception of future sales, by us or our stockholders in the public market could cause the market price for our Class A common stock to decline.
The sale of shares of our Class A common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could harm the prevailing market price of shares of our Class A common stock. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate.
All shares issued in the Business Combination that were registered on our registration statement on Form S-4, which was declared effective on August 11, 2021, are freely tradable without restriction by persons other than our “affiliates,” (as defined under Rule 144 of the Securities Act (“Rule 144”)), including our directors, executive officers and other affiliates.
We filed a registration statement (as subsequently amended and supplemented) on Form S-3 relating to the offer and sale from time to time by the selling security holders named therein of up to 110,742,480 shares of Class A common stock, was declared effective by the SEC on November 15, 2022. We filed another registration statement on Form S-3 relating to the offer and sale from time to time by selling stockholders named therein of up to 94,671,586 shares of Class A common stock, which was declared effective by the SEC on August 21, 2023. In addition, pursuant to our registration rights agreements, certain substantial holders of Legacy Archer’s business. Certain airportscommon stock and our Class A common stock have the right, subject to certain conditions, to require us to register their shares of our Class A common stock for resale under the Securities Act. By exercising their registration rights and selling a large number of shares in reliance on the registration statements, these stockholders could cause the prevailing market price of our Class A common stock to decline.
As restrictions on resale end or if these stockholders exercise their registration rights, the market price of our Class A common stock could drop significantly if the holders of these shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to raise additional funds through future offerings of our Class A common stock or other securities.
In November 2023, we filed a registration statement on Form S-3 relating to the offer and sale of up to $70.0 million of our Class A common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants to purchase our Class A common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, subscription rights to purchase our Class A common stock, preferred stock or debt securities and/or units consisting of some or all of these securities, which was declared effective on November 22, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, we had sold approximately $20.7 million pursuant to the Sale Agreement.
In addition, outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 25,398,947 shares of our Class A common stock became exercisable on October 30, 2021. Each warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one (1) share of our Class A common stock at a price of $11.50 per whole share, subject to adjustment. Moreover, as of December 31, 2023, we have an additional 20,788,247 outstanding warrants issued to certain parties, 17,948,354 of which remain subject to vesting conditions.These warrants may regulate flight operations,be exercised only for a whole number of shares of our Class A common stock. To the extent such as limitingwarrants are exercised, additional shares of our Class A common stock will be issued, which will result in dilution to the then existing holders of our Class A common stock and increase the number of landings per year, which could reduce Archer’s aerial ride sharing operations. Bans on Archer’s airport operations orshares eligible for resale in the introduction of any new permitting requirements would significantly disrupt its operations. public market.
In addition, demandthe shares of our common stock reserved for Archer’s urban air mobility servicesfuture issuance under our equity incentive plans will become eligible for sale in the public market once those shares are issued, subject to provisions relating to various vesting agreements and, in some cases, limitations on volume and manner of sale applicable to affiliates under Rule 144, as applicable. We have filed registration statements on Form S-8 to register shares of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of our common stock issued pursuant to our equity incentive plans. We expect to file additional registration
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statements on Form S-8 in the future to register additional shares reserved for future issuance under our equity incentive plans, and Form S-8 registration statements automatically become effective upon filing. Accordingly, shares registered under such registration statements will be available for sale in the open market.
In the future, we may also issue our securities in connection with investments or acquisitions. The number of shares of our common stock issued in connection with an investment or acquisition could be impacted if drop-offsconstitute a material portion of our then-outstanding Class A common stock. Any issuance of additional securities in connection with investments or pick-upsacquisitions may result in additional dilution to our stockholders.
Anti-takeover provisions in our governing documents could delay or prevent a change of fliers become inconvenient becausecontrol.
Certain provisions of airport rulesour amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, defer or regulations,prevent a merger, acquisition, tender offer, takeover attempt or other change of control transaction that a stockholder might consider in its best interest, including those attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares held by our stockholders.
These provisions provide for, among other things:
the ability of our board of directors to issue one or more expensiveseries of preferred stock;
a classified board;
a dual-class share structure;
advance notice for fliers becausenominations of airport-imposed fees, which would adversely affect Archer’s business, financial conditiondirectors by stockholders and operating results.

Archer’s expected concentrationfor stockholders to include matters to be considered at our annual meetings;

certain limitations on convening special stockholder meetings;
limiting the ability of stockholders to act by written consent; and
our board of directors has the express authority to make, alter or repeal our amended and restated bylaws.
These anti-takeover provisions could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if the third party’s offer may be considered beneficial by many of our stockholders. As a result, our stockholders may be limited in large metropolitan areastheir ability to obtain a premium for their shares. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and heavily trafficked airports also makes its business susceptiblemake it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect directors of your choosing and to cause us to take other corporate actions you desire.
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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 1C. Cybersecurity
We understand the importance of maintaining an outbreak of a contagious disease,active cybersecurity risk management and strategy program. As an emerging technology company, we understand that we may face cyber threats that range from common cyberattacks, such as ransomware, to more advanced attacks such as advanced persistent threats perpetrated by nation-state actors and other highly organized actors. Our cybersecurity risk management program is guided by industry standards, such as the Ebola virus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, H1N1 influenza virus, avian flu, Zika virus, COVID-19National Institute of Standards and Technology (“NIST”). We strategically partner with industry leading external vendors to perform cybersecurity assessments, as well as regular penetration testing to better understand our potential vulnerabilities, threat vectors, and impact on critical assets or operations. As part of these processes, our cybersecurity team identifies and prioritizes risks to devise our annual cybersecurity mitigation strategy and address operational risks. Our cybersecurity program is organized around the following key areas:
Risk Management and Strategy
Insider Risk Management. We recognize that not all threats are external. We have an insider risk management program and are working to improve our data loss protection technology to protect our critical data.
Security Awareness Education. Understanding the need for regular cybersecurity training, we have instituted a mandatory training program for all employees.
Technical Safeguards. We have improved our endpoint security postures through the implementation of an Enterprise Mobile Management system, and continue to increase our investment in strengthening email, DNS, and other network security services.
Threat Detection and Response. In addition to aligning our cybersecurity risk management program to NIST standards, we have also engaged with third party providers of security information and event management and cybersecurity services to provide continuous monitoring and operational threat detection and response. Our partners integrate threat intelligence into their platforms, providing us with a proactive view of possible threats.
Incident Response.We have implemented a holistic review of incident response, with workflows in place for cybersecurity incidents, including provisions for assessing materiality, and defined escalation procedures.
Third Party Risk Management. To manage third-party risks, our cybersecurity team evaluates our partners, to provide an additional layer of scrutiny, and supervises and identifies material risks associated with the use of third-party service providers. These processes include a review of security controls and supplier contractual obligations for security and data protection requirements.
Governance
Our Audit Committee is primarily responsible for assisting our Board of Directors in fulfilling its ultimate oversight responsibilities relating to risk assessment and management, including with respect to risks and incidents relating to cybersecurity threats, compliance with disclosure requirements, cooperation with law enforcement, cybersecurity and other information securities policies and practices and related internal controls. The Audit Committee reports any other similar illness, both duefindings and recommendations, as appropriate, to the full Board of Directors for consideration. In that capacity, our Audit Committee conducts quarterly reviews of, and meets with our Chief Information Officer and other senior management to discuss, technology and cybersecurity risks and the risk assessment and risk management policies, practices, programs and/or procedures that we have adopted to monitor, control, mitigate and manage such risks. Our Board of Directors is committed to maintaining a contagious disease being introducedwell-informed and cybersecurity-aware posture, regularly engaging by receiving scheduled and requested updates on our strategy and evolving threat landscape as well as bolstering existing cybersecurity knowledge and continued education of recent cybersecurity trends.
We are developing processes to continuously monitor, analyze emerging threats, and to develop and implement risk mitigation strategies and our management team plays a pivotal role in assessing and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats. As our first key investment, we have hired our Director of Information Security with over 20 plus years of information security experience to oversee our cybersecurity program. Our Director of Information Security reports up to our Chief
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Information Officer. Together our Director of Information Security and Chief Information Officer have over 40 years of combined experience.
Item 2. Properties

We currently lease our headquarters in San Jose, California. We lease additional offices, research and development facilities, and manufacturing facilities in Santa Clara and Mountain View, California and flight test facilities at Salinas Municipal Airport in Salinas, California. We also lease a property for our high-volume manufacturing facility in Covington, Georgia that is under construction. We believe our existing leased facilities are in good condition and suitable for the conduct of our business.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
For a description of our material pending legal proceedings, see Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
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Part II
Item 5. Market for Registrants’ Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information for Common Stock

Following the closing of the Business Combination, our Class A common stock and warrants began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbols “ACHR” and “ACHR WS” on September 17, 2021.

Our Class B common stock is not listed or traded on any stock exchange.

Holders of Record

As of February 23, 2024, there were 121 stockholders of record of our Class A common stock and 7 stockholders of record of our Class B common stock. The actual number of holders of our Class A and Class B common stock is greater than the number of record holders and includes stockholders who are beneficial owners, but whose shares are held in street name by brokers or other nominees. The number of holders of record presented here also does not include stockholders whose shares may be held in trust by other entities.

Dividend Policy

We have never declared nor paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We anticipate that we will retain all of our future earnings, if any, for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any decision to declare and pay dividends in the future will be made at the sole discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, cash requirements, financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.

Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Use of Proceeds

On October 30, 2020, Atlas consummated its initial public offering of 50,000,000 units. The units were sold at a price of $10.00 per unit, generating total gross proceeds of $500.0 million from the initial public offering. The securities sold in the offering were registered under the Securities Act on a registration statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-249289). The registration statement became effective on October 27, 2020.

Simultaneously with the consummation of the initial public offering, Atlas consummated the sale of 8,000,000 private placement warrants, at a price of $1.50 per warrant, to the Sponsor, generating gross proceeds to Atlas of $12.0 million. Such securities were issued pursuant to the exemption from registration contained in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.

Atlas incurred $10.5 million in offering costs for its initial public offering including $10.0 million of underwriting fees and $0.5 million of other costs. Following the initial public offering and the sale of the private placement warrants, a total of $500.0 million was deposited into the metropolitan areatrust account for the purpose of effecting an initial business combination. As of August 5, 2021, the record date of the Business Combination, there was $500.1 million held in the trust account. After deducting payments to existing Atlas unit holders of $242.2 million in connection with their exercise of redemption rights, the remainder of the trust account totaling $257.6 million is now held on our balance sheet to fund our operations and continued growth.

The Business Combination generated $857.6 million in gross cash proceeds to Archer, inclusive of $600.0 million in proceeds from a private placement (the “PIPE Financing”) and $257.6 million transferred from the trust account. Total direct and incremental transaction costs aggregated $81.8 million, of which $10.9 million was expensed as part of the Business Combination, $55.8 million was recorded to additional paid-in capital as equity issuance costs, and the remaining $15.1 million was settled through the high volumeissuance of travelers flying into and outshares of such airports andNew Archer Class A common stock.

There has been no material change in the ease atplanned use of proceeds noted above from those disclosed in the final prospectus (File No. 333-254007), dated August 11, 2021, which contagious diseases can spread through densely populated areas, as seen withwas declared effective by the spreadSEC on August 11, 2021.
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Table of COVID-19 in Los Angeles, California and New York, New York.

Natural disasters, including tornados, hurricanes, floods and earthquakes, and severe weather conditions, such as heavy rains, strong winds, dense fog, blizzards or snowstorms, may damage Archer’s facilities, thoseContents


Issuer Purchases of independent third-party aircraft operators or otherwise disrupt flights into or outEquity Securities

None.
Item 6. [Reserved]
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Major metropolitan areas, including those in which Archer expects to operate in, are also at risk of terrorist attacks, actual or threatened acts of war, political disruptions and other disruptions. The occurrence of one or more natural disasters, severe weather events, epidemic or pandemic outbreaks, terrorist attacks or disruptive political events in regions where Archer’s facilities are or will be located, or where its independent third-party aircraft operators’ facilities are located, could adversely affect Archer’s business.

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PART II

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

This Amendment includes “forward-looking statements” that are not historical factsOperations


The following discussion and involve risksanalysis of our financial condition and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expectedof operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and projected. All statements, other than statements of historical factrelated accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Amendment including, without limitation, statements in this “Management’sAnnual Report. Refer to Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” regardingOperations located in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Company’syear ended December 31, 2022, filed on March 15, 2023, for a comparison of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. In addition to historical consolidated financial position, business strategy andinformation, the plans and objectives of management for future operations, arefollowing discussion includes forward-looking statements. Words such as “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “seek” and variations and similar words and expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. SuchThese forward-looking statements relate to future events or future performance, but reflect management’s current beliefs,are based on information currently available. A number of factors could cause actual events, performance or results to differ materially from the events, performanceour current expectations and results discussed in the forward-looking statements, includingbeliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that will be set forth in our preliminary prospectus/proxy statement to be included in a Registration Statement on Form S-4 that we will file withhave anticipated. See the SEC relating to our proposed business combination with Archer. For information identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, please refer tosection titled “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” “Item 1A. RiskStatements” in this Annual Report. Our actual results could differ materially from such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to those differences include, but are not limited to, those set forth in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report.
Overview
We are designing and developing eVTOL aircraft for use in UAM networks. Our mission is to unlock the Original Filingskies, freeing everyone to reimagine how they move and elsewherespend time. Our eVTOL aircraft are designed to be safe, sustainable, and quiet. Our production aircraft, Midnight, which we unveiled in November of 2022, is designed around our proprietary 12-tilt-6 aircraft configuration. This means that it has 12 propellers attached to 6 booms on a fixed wing with all 12 propellers providing vertical lift during take-off and landing, and the forward 6 propellers tilting forward to cruise position to provide propulsion during forward flight with the wing providing aerodynamic lift like a conventional airplane.

Midnight is designed to carry 4 passengers plus a pilot optimized for back-to-back short distance trips of around 20-miles, with minimal charging time between trips. We are working to certify Midnight with the FAA so that we can then enter into commercial service as soon as possible. In August 2023, we received the Special Airworthiness Certificate from the FAA for our first Midnight aircraft and began its flight testing program in October 2023.

Midnight is the evolution of our demonstrator eVTOL aircraft, Maker, which through its flight test program has helped validate our proprietary 12-tilt-6 aircraft configuration and certain key enabling technologies. The design of Midnight marries what we believe to be cutting-edge electric propulsion technology with state-of-the-art aircraft systems to deliver the key attributes of our eVTOL aircraft:

Safety. High redundancy and simplified propulsion systems make for a significantly safer aircraft compared to a helicopter. Midnight has no single critical point of failure, meaning that should any single component fail, the aircraft can still safely complete its flight.

Low noise. With its intended cruising altitude at approximately 2,000 feet, the design of Midnight is such that the noise that reaches the ground is expected to measure around 45 A-weighted decibels, approximately 100 times quieter than that of a helicopter. During forward flight, the aircraft’s tilt propellers spin on axes that are aligned with the oncoming air flow, rather than edge-wise to the flow, as is the case with traditional helicopters - further decreasing noise levels. Since Archer’s aircraft is spinning 12 small propellers rather than one large rotor, it can also spin them at significantly lower tip speeds, resulting in much lower noise levels.

Sustainable. Midnight is all electric, resulting in zero operating emissions. Archer is committed to sourcing renewable energy wherever possible to power its aircraft. Archer’s design and engineering teams are working to integrate materials into this Amendmentaircraft that have their own unique sustainability stories.

We continue to work to optimize our eVTOL aircraft design for both manufacturing and certification. The development of an eVTOL aircraft that meets our business requirements demands significant design and development efforts on Form 10-K/A.all facets of the aircraft. We believe that by bringing together a mix of talent with eVTOL, traditional commercial aerospace, as well as electric propulsion backgrounds, we have built a team that enables us to move through the design, development, and certification of our eVTOL aircraft with the FAA in an efficient manner, thus allowing us to achieve our end goal of bringing to market our eVTOL aircraft as efficiently as possible.

Our Planned Lines of Business

Upon receipt of all necessary FAA certifications and any other government approvals necessary for us to manufacture and operate our aircraft, we intend to operate two complementary lines of business: Archer UAM and Archer Direct.
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Archer UAM

We plan to operate our own UAM ecosystem initially in select major cities. Our UAM ecosystem will operate using our eVTOL aircraft, which is currently in development. Consumers will be able to book rides directly through our service through an app-based platform. We project that the cost to manufacture and operate our eVTOL aircraft will be such that it will be able to enter the UAM ride-sharing market at a price point that is competitive with ground-based ride sharing services today. We will continue to evaluate our go-to-market strategy based on, among other things, estimated demand, readiness of the required infrastructure, and our ability to scale of our aircraft fleet.

Archer Direct

We also plan to selectively sell our aircraft to third parties. We have entered into the United Purchase Agreement for the conditional purchase of up to $1.0 billion worth of aircraft, with an option for another $500.0 million worth of aircraft. In August 2023, we entered into two new contracts with the U.S. Air Force, worth up to $142.0 million, which includes the purchase of aircraft, as well as the sharing of additional flight test data certification related reports, pilot training, and the development of maintenance and repair operations.

As we get closer to commercialization, we will look to determine the right mix of selling our aircraft versus using them as part of our UAM ecosystem based on, among other factors, our capital needs, our manufacturing volumes, our ability to ramp Archer UAM operations, and the purchase demand from our Archer Direct customers.

To date, we have not generated revenue from either of these planned categories, as we continue to design, develop, and seek the governmental approvals necessary for our eVTOL aircraft to enter into service. We will use our cash and cash equivalents for the foreseeable future to continue to fund our efforts to bring our eVTOL aircraft to market. The Company’s securities filings can be accessedamount and timing of any future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the pace and results of the design and development of our aircraft and manufacturing operations, as well as our progress in obtaining necessary FAA certifications and other government approvals. For example, any significant delays in obtaining such FAA certifications and other government approvals will likely require us to raise additional capital above our existing cash on hand and delay our generation of revenues.
Components of Results of Operations
Revenue

We are still working to design, develop, certify, and bring up manufacturing of our eVTOL aircraft and thus have not generated any revenues from either of our planned lines of business. We do not expect to begin generating significant revenues until we are able to complete the design, development, certification, and manufacturing bring up of our eVTOL aircraft.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development

Research and development activities represent a significant part of our business. Our research and development efforts focus on the EDGAR sectiondesign and development of our eVTOL aircraft, including certain of the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Exceptsystems that are used in it. As part of those activities, we continue to work closely with the FAA towards our goal of achieving certification of our eVTOL aircraft on an efficient timeline. Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs (including salaries, bonuses, benefits, and stock-based compensation) for employees focused on research and development activities, costs associated with developing and building prototype aircraft, associated facilities costs, and depreciation. We expect research and development expenses to increase significantly as expressly requiredwe progress towards the certification and manufacturing of our eVTOL aircraft.

We cannot determine with certainty the timing, duration or the costs necessary to complete the design, development, certification, and manufacturing bring up of our eVTOL aircraft due to the inherently unpredictable nature of our research and development activities. Development timelines, the probability of success, and development costs may differ materially from expectations.

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General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs (including salaries, bonuses, benefits, and stock-based compensation) for employees associated with administrative services such as finance, legal, human resources, information technology, associated facilities costs, depreciation, and non-cash technology and dispute resolution agreements expense. We expect our general and administrative expenses to increase as we hire additional personnel and consultants to support our operations and comply with applicable regulations, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other SEC rules and regulations.

Other Warrant Expense

Other warrant expense consists entirely of non-cash expense related to the vesting of warrants issued in conjunction with the execution of the United Purchase Agreement and the Warrant to Purchase Shares Agreement (the “United Warrant Agreement”) with United.

Other (Expense) Income, Net

Other (expense) income, net consists of miscellaneous income and expense items, including the change in fair value of our warrant liabilities.

Interest Income (Expense), Net

Interest income (expense), net primarily consists of interest income from our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments in marketable securities, net of interest on notes payable.
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our consolidated statements of operations for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
20232022Change $Change %
(In millions)
Operating expenses:
Research and development (1)
$276.4 $171.5 $104.9 61 %
General and administrative (1)
168.4 165.1 3.3 %
Other warrant expense2.1 10.8 (8.7)(81)%
Total operating expenses446.9 347.4 99.5 29 %
Loss from operations(446.9)(347.4)(99.5)29 %
Other (expense) income, net(26.9)27.8 (54.7)NM
Interest income (expense), net16.4 2.3 14.1 NM
Loss before income taxes(457.4)(317.3)(140.1)44 %
Income tax expense(0.5)— (0.5)100 %
Net loss$(457.9)$(317.3)$(140.6)44 %
NM=Not Meaningful.
(1) Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
20232022
Research and development$28.9 $26.1 
General and administrative16.3 76.7 
Total stock-based compensation expense$45.2 $102.8 

Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

Research and Development
Research and development expenses increased by applicable securities law,$104.9 million, or 61%, for the Company disclaims any intentionyear ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, as we invested in people and materials to advance our technology development. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $40.9 million in costs related to professional services and tools and materials to support our increased research and development activities, an increase of $38.1 million in personnel-related expenses due to a significant increase in our workforce from the prior year, and an increase of $14.7 million in warrant expenses related to the warrants issued to Stellantis in connection with the manufacturing and collaboration agreement between us and Stellantis. See Note 10 - Stock-Based Compensation to our consolidated financial statements for further details on our warrants. The remainder of the increase was made up of other incidental items.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses increased by $3.3 million, or obligation2%, for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether asthe year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily due to a result$70.3 million non-cash charge comprised of new information, future events or otherwise.

Overview

We are a blank check company incorporated$26.3 million non-cash charge associated with the Initial Vested Share Tranche and a $44.0 million non-cash charge for the unvested portion of the Warrant that is contingent and may never be realized, relating to a series of agreements between us, Boeing and Wisk on August 26, 202010, 2023, providing for, among other things, certain investments and warrant issuances, as well as an autonomous flight technology agreement and the resolution of certain federal and state court litigation between the parties (the “Technology and Dispute Resolution Agreements”). The increase was partially offset by a Delaware corporationreversal of previously recognized stock-based compensation expense of $59.1 million associated with the forfeiture of the unvested portion of the restricted stock units (“RSUs”) granted to our founders pursuant to the terms and formedconditions of the Business Combination Agreement immediately prior to closing (the “Founder Grant”) issued to the Company’s co-founder and former co-CEO. See Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies and Note 10 - Stock-Based Compensation to our consolidated financial statements

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for further details on our commitments and contingencies and stock-based compensation, respectively. The remainder of the offset was made up of other incidental items.
Other Warrant Expense

Other warrant expense decreased by $8.7 million, or 81%, for the purposeyear ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to the vesting of effectuating a merger,United warrants associated with specific milestones during the year ended December 31, 2022. The warrants associated with the specific milestones fully vested in the first quarter of 2023. See Note 10 - Stock-Based Compensation to our consolidated financial statements for further details on our warrants.

Other (Expense) Income, Net

Other (expense) income, net decreased by $54.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to changes in fair value of our warrant liabilities. See Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements for further details.

Interest Income (Expense), Net

Interest income (expense), net increased by $14.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily due to interest income from our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments in marketable securities.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2023, our principal sources of liquidity were cash and cash equivalents of $464.6 million. We have incurred net losses since our inception and to date have not generated any revenues. We expect to incur additional losses and higher operating expenses for the foreseeable future. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient for at least the next 12 months to meet our requirements and plans for cash, including meeting our working capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combinationrequirements and capital expenditure requirements.

On August 10, 2023, we entered into subscription agreements with one or more businesses, which we refer to throughout this Amendment as our "initial business combination". We intend to effectuate our initial business combination using cash from the proceeds of the Initial Public Offering andcertain investors providing for the private placement of the private placement warrants, the26,173,286 shares of our Class A common stock for net proceeds of the sale of our shares in connection with our initial business combination (pursuant to forward purchase agreements or backstop agreementsapproximately $139.0 million, after deducting offering costs.

On June 23, 2023, we may enter into following the consummation of the Initial Public Offering or otherwise), shares issued to the owners of the target, debt issued to bank or other lenders or the owners of the target, or a combination of the foregoing.

Proposed Business Combination

On February 10, 2021, we entered into a Business Combination Agreement (as it may be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Business Combination Agreement”), by and among Atlas, Artemis Acquisition Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Artemis Merger Sub”), and Archer Aviation Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Archer”).

The Business Combination Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby were approved by the boards of directors of each of Atlas and Archer.

The Business Combination

The Business Combination Agreement provides for, among other things, the following transactions on the date of closing of the Business Combination (the “Closing”): (i) Atlas will amend and restate its certificate of incorporation (the “Post-Closing Atlas Certificate of Incorporation”), pursuant to which, among other things, Atlas will have a dual class share structure with (A)6,337,039 shares of Class A common stock that will carry voting rights in the formto Stellantis at a price of one vote$3.94506 per share (the “New Class A Common Stock”), and (B) shares of Class B common stock that will carry voting rights in the form of ten votes per share (the “New Class B Common Stock” and, together with the New Class A Common Stock, the “New Atlas Common Stock”), and (ii) Artemis Merger Sub will merge with and into Archer, with Archer as the surviving company in the merger and, after giving effect to such merger, continuing as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Atlas (the “Merger”).


The Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement are hereinafter referred to as the “Business Combination”.

Business Combination Consideration

In accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of the Business Combination Agreement, at the effective time of the Merger, (i) outstanding shares of common stock and preferred stock of Archer will be converted into a right to receive a number of shares of New Class B Common Stock determined on the basis of an implied Archer equity value of $2,525,000,000 (the “Implied Equity Value”), (ii) all stock awards (whether vested or unvested) to purchase Archer common stock will be converted into stock awards to purchase a number of shares of New Class B Common Stock based on an exchange ratio derived from the Implied Equity Value, and (iii) outstanding warrants (whether vested or unvested) to purchase Archer common stock will be converted into warrants to purchase a number of shares of New Class B Common Stock determined on the basis of the Implied Equity Value. The former Archer equity holders will have the right to convert their shares of New Class B Common Stock into shares of New Class A Common Stock pursuant to the Post-Closing Atlas Certificate of Incorporation.

Representations and Warranties; Covenants

The Business Combination Agreement contains representations, warranties and covenants of each of the parties thereto that are customary for transactions of this type. Atlas has also agreed to take all action within its power as may be necessary or appropriate such that, effective immediately after the Closing, the Atlas board of directors will be divided into three classes and be composed of a total of seven directors, which directors shall include an individual designated by Atlas, three individuals designated by Archer and three individuals to be identified by Archer in consultation with Atlas who qualify as “independent directors” under the listing rules of the New York Stock Exchange.

Conditions to Each Party’s Obligations

The obligations of Atlas and Archer to consummate the Business Combination are subject to certain closing conditions, including, but not limited to, (i) the expiration or termination of the applicable waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, (ii) the absence of any law or governmental order or other legal restraint or prohibition preventing the consummation of the Business Combination, (iii) the Registration Statement (as defined below) being declared effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), (iv) the shares of New Class A Common Stock to be issued in connection with the Business Combination having been approvedfirst milestone under the Stellantis Forward Purchase Agreement and received approximately $25.0 million in gross proceeds. On August 10, 2023, Stellantis waived certain conditions provided for listing on the New York Stock Exchange, (v) the approval of Atlas’ stockholders, (vi) the approval of Archer’s stockholders and (vii) Atlas having at least $5,000,001 of net tangible assets (as determined in accordance with Rule 3a51-1(g)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) remaining after the Closing.

In addition, the obligation of Archer to consummate the Business Combination is subject to, among other conditions, the aggregate cash proceeds from Atlas’ trust account, together with the proceeds from the PIPE Financing (as defined below), equaling no less than $600,000,000 (after deducting any amounts paid to Atlas shareholders that exercise their redemption rights in connection with the Business Combination).

Termination

The Business Combination Agreement may be terminated under certain circumstances prior to the Closing, including, but not limited to, (i) by mutual written consent of Atlas and Archer, (ii) by either Atlas or Archer if the other party breaches its representations, warranties or covenants such that the conditions set forth in the Business CombinationStellantis Forward Purchase Agreement would not be satisfied, and such party failsrelating to cure such breach (other than for certain limited exceptions), (iii) by either Atlas or Archer if the Business Combination is not consummated by September 10, 2021, (iv) by either Atlas or Archer if any governmental entity issues an order or taken any other action permanently enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting the Business Combination and such order or other action has become final and non-appealable, (v) by either Atlas or Archer if certain required approvals are not obtained from the Atlas stockholders after the conclusion of a meeting of Atlas’ stockholders held for such purpose at which such shareholders voted on such approvals, and (vi) by Atlas if (A) the Transaction Support Agreements are not executed and deliveredour actual achievement pursuant to Atlas within one business day of the signing date of the Business Combination Agreement, (B) Archer’s stockholders do not deliver, within one business day of the Registration Statement being declared effective under the Securities Act, to Atlas a written consent approving the Business Combination (the “Stockholder Written Consent”) or (C) Archer does not deliver, within one business day of the Registration Statement being declared effective under the Securities Act, to Atlas a written consent approving the conversion of all shares of preferred stock of Archer into shares of common stock of Archer immediately prior to the Closing (the “Conversion Written Consent”).


If the Business Combination Agreement is validly terminated, none of the parties to the Business Combination Agreement will have any liability or any further obligation under the Business Combination Agreement, other than customary confidentiality obligations, except in the case of Willful Breach or Fraud (each, as defined in the Business Combination Agreement).

PIPE Financing (Private Placement)

Concurrently with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, Atlas entered into subscription agreements (the “Subscription Agreements”) with certain investors Pursuant to the Subscription Agreements, each investor agreed to subscribe for and purchase, and Atlas agreed to issue and sell to such investors, on the Closing DateMilestone 2 (as defined in the Business CombinationStellantis Forward Purchase Agreement) substantially concurrently. In connection with this, we submitted an election notice to draw down upon the Closing (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement), an aggregate of 60,000,000$70.0 million applicable to Milestone 2, which equals 12,313,234 shares of Atlas’our Class A Common Stock forcommon stock. On October 16, 2023, we issued 12,313,234 shares of our Class A common stock to Stellantis, at a purchase price of $10.00 per share of $5.68, for aggregate gross proceeds of $600approximately $70.0 million.


On October 5, 2023, we entered into the Credit Agreement with Synovus Bank, as administrative agent and lender, and the additional lenders (the “Lenders”) from time to time. We may request the Lenders to provide multiple delayed term loan advances (together, the “Loan”) in an aggregate principal amount of up to $65.0 million (the “PIPE Financing”).

for the construction and development of our manufacturing facility in Covington, Georgia. The closingLoan under the Credit Agreement shall accrue interest from and including the date the applicable advance is made but excluding the repayment date at a rate of the PIPE Financing is contingent upon, amongsecured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”), plus 2.00% subject to a SOFR floor of 0.00%. We are required to make interest-only payments for 36 months on the Loan starting on November 14, 2023, followed by monthly interest and principal payments for the remaining maturity, with any outstanding principal, interest and other things,then outstanding indebtedness due at maturity. The Credit Agreement matures on the substantially concurrent consummationearlier of October 5, 2033 or the date on which the outstanding Loan has been declared or automatically becomes due and payable pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination.Credit Agreement. Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are jointly and severally guaranteed by our current and future wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries, and are secured by cash, general intangibles, instruments, securities, financial assets, security entitlements and other property maintained in a money market account at Synovus Bank.


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In November 2023, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (the “Shelf Registration Statement”), which became effective in November 2023. The Subscription Agreements provideShelf Registration Statement permits the offering of up to $70.0 million aggregate dollar amount of shares of our Class A common stock or preferred stock, debt securities, warrants to purchase our Class A common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, subscription rights to purchase our Class A common stock, preferred stock or debt securities and/or units consisting of some or all of these securities, in one or more offerings and in any combination. In connection with the Shelf Registration Statement, we entered into an Open Market Sales AgreementSM(the “Sales Agreement”), with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., as the sales agent, pursuant to which we may offer and sell shares of our Class A common stock having an aggregate offering amount of up to $70.0 million. The $70.0 million of Class A common stock that Atlas will grantmay be issued and sold pursuant to the investorsSales Agreement is included in the PIPE Financing certain customary registration rights.

On April 6, 2021, Wisk brought a lawsuit against Archer in United States District Court in the Northern District$70.0 million of California alleging misappropriation of trade secretssecurities that may be issued and patent infringement. On May 19, 2021, Wisk filed a motion for preliminary injunction and expedited discovery. In addition, Atlas has been informed by Archer that it has placed an employee on paid administrative leave in connection with a government investigation and a search warrant issuedsold pursuant to the employee, which Archer believes are focused on conduct priorShelf Registration Statement. We will pay Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. a commission rate of up to the employee joining Archer. Atlas has also been informed that Archer and three other Archer employees with whom the individual worked have received subpoenas relating to this investigation. Atlas is reviewing these matters.

Results of Operations

We have neither engaged in any operations nor generated any revenues to date. Our only activities for the period from August 26, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020 were organizational activities, those necessary to prepare for the Initial Public Offering, described below, and, after our Initial Public Offering, identifying a target company for a business combination. We do not expect to generate any operating revenues until after the completion of our initial business combination. We generate non-operating income in the form of interest income on cash and cash equivalents held after the Initial Public Offering. We incur expenses as a result of being a public company (for legal, financial reporting, accounting and auditing compliance), as well as for due diligence expenses.

For the period from August 26, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020, we had a net loss of $10,850,513, which resulted from operating and formation costs of $159,947, expensed offering costs of $545,873, franchise tax expense of $69,945, a loss on the sale of private placement warrants of $240,000, and a loss on the change in fair value of warrant liabilities of $9,933,330, offset in part by an unrealized gain on marketable securities held in Trust Account in the amount of $98,582.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

On October 30, 2020, we consummated an Initial Public Offering 50,000,000 units generating gross proceeds to the Company of $500,000,000. Simultaneously with the consummation3.0% of the initial public offering, we completed the private sale of 8,000,000 warrants to Atlas Crest Investment LLC at a purchase price of $1.50 per warrant (the "Private Placement Warrants"), generating gross proceeds of $12,000,000. The proceeds from the sale of the Private Placement Warrants were added to the net proceeds from the Initial Public Offering held in a trust account (the "Trust Account"). If we do not complete an initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the proceeds from the sale of the Private Placement Warrants will be used to fund the redemption of the Public Shares (subject to the requirements of applicable law) and the Private Placement Warrants will expire worthless.


For the period from August 26, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020, net cash used in operating activities was $564,933, which was due to our net loss of $10,850,513, changes in working capital of $335,041, and unrealized gains on investments in the Trust Account of $98,582, offset in part by a loss on the change in fair value of warrant liabilities of $9,933,330, expensed offering costs added back to net loss of $545,873, and a loss on the sale of private placement warrants of $240,000.

For the period from August 26, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020, net cash used in investing activities of $500,000,000 was the result of the amount of net proceeds from the Initial Public Offering being deposited to the Trust Account.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the period from August 26, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020 of $501,490,856 was comprised of $490,000,000 in proceeds from the issuance of Units in the Initial Public Offering net of underwriter's discount paid, $12,000,000 in proceeds from the issuance of warrants in a private placement to our Sponsor, proceeds from the issuance of a promissory note to our Sponsor of $300,000, and $25,000 from the issuance of Class B common stock to our Sponsor, offset by the payment of $534,144 for offering costs associated with the Initial Public Offering and repayment of the outstanding balance on the promissory note to our Sponsor of $300,000.

As of December 31, 2020, we had cash of $925,923 held outside the trust account. We intend to use the funds held outside the trust account primarily to identify and evaluate target businesses, perform business due diligence on prospective target businesses, travel to and from the offices, plants or similar locations of prospective target businesses or their representatives or owners, review corporate documents and material agreements of prospective target businesses, and structure, negotiate and complete a business combination.

In order to fund working capital deficiencies or finance transaction costs in connection with an intended initial business combination, our Sponsor or an affiliate of our Sponsor or certain of our officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan us funds as may be required on a non-interest basis. If we complete our initial business combination, we would repay such loaned amounts. In the event that our initial business combination does not close, we may use a portion of the working capital held outside the trust account to repay such loaned amounts but no proceeds from our Trust Account would be used for such repayment. The terms of such loans, if any, have not been determined and no written agreements exist with respect to such loans. Prior to the completion of our initial business combination, we do not expect to seek loans from parties other than our Sponsor or an affiliate of our Sponsor as we do not believe third parties will be willing to loan such funds and provide a waiver against any and all rights to seek access to funds in our trust account.

We do not believe we will need to raise additional funds following the Initial Public Offering in order to meet the expenditures required for operating our business prior to our initial business combination. However, if our estimates of the costs of identifying a target business, undertaking in-depth due diligence and negotiating an initial business combination are less than the actual amount necessary to do so, we may have insufficient funds available to operate our business prior to our initial business combination. Moreover, we may need to obtain additional financing either to complete our business combination or because we become obligated to redeem a significant number of public shares upon completion of our business combination, in which case we may issue additional securities or incur debt in connection with such business combination. In addition, we intend to target businesses larger than we could acquire with the net proceeds of our Initial Public Offering and the sale of the private placement units and may as a result be required to seek additional financing to complete such proposed initial business combination. Subject to compliance with applicable securities laws, we would only complete such financing simultaneously with the completion of our business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination because we do not have sufficient funds available to us, we will be forced to cease operations and liquidate the trust account. In addition, following our business combination, if cash on hand is insufficient, we may need to obtain additional financing in order to meet our obligations.


Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2020.

Contractual Obligations

Registration Rights

The holders of the Founder Shares, Private Placement Warrants and any warrants that may be issued upon conversion of the Working Capital Loans (and any shares of Class A common stock issuable uponpursuant to the exerciseSales Agreement. As of December 31, 2023, we had $49.3 million remaining under the Sales Agreement.


In the long term, our ability to support our working capital and capital expenditure requirements will depend on many factors, including:
the level of research and development expenses we incur as we continue to develop our eVTOL aircraft;
capital expenditures needed to bring up our aircraft manufacturing capabilities, including for both the build out of our manufacturing facilities and component purchases necessary to build our aircraft;
general and administrative expenses as we scale our operations; and
sales, marketing and distribution expenses as we build, brand and market our eVTOL aircraft and UAM network.
Until such time as we can generate significant revenue from our business operations, we expect to finance our cash needs primarily through existing cash on hand, pre-delivery payments, equity financing and debt financing.
The following includes our short-term and long-term material cash requirements from known contractual obligations as of December 31, 2023:
Notes Payable

See Note 7 - Notes Payable to our consolidated financial statements for further details on our debt.
Leases

We lease office, lab, hangar, and storage facilities in the normal course of business. Under our operating leases as noted in Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies to our consolidated financial statements, we have current obligations of $5.5 million and long-term obligations of $18.5 million.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
20232022
(In millions)
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities$(271.6)$(200.4)
Investing activities420.7 (464.3)
Financing activities250.1 (9.9)
Cash Flows Used in Operating Activities
We continue to experience negative cash flows from operations as we are still working to design, develop, certify, and bring up manufacturing of our eVTOL aircraft and thus have not generated any revenues from either of our planned lines of business. Our cash flows from operating activities are significantly affected by our cash investments to support the growth of our research and development activities related to our eVTOL aircraft, as well as the general and administrative functions
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necessary to support those activities and operations as a publicly traded company. Our operating cash flows are also impacted by the working capital requirements to support growth and fluctuations in personnel-related expenditures, accounts payable, accrued interest and other current liabilities, and other current assets.
Net cash used in operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2023 was $271.6 million, resulting from a net loss of $457.9 million, adjusted for non-cash items consisting primarily of a $70.3 million non-cash charge comprised of a $26.3 million non-cash charge associated with the Initial Vested Share Tranche and a $44.0 million non-cash charge for the unvested portion of the Private Placement WarrantsWarrant that is contingent and warrants that may never be issued upon conversionrealized, relating to the Technology and Dispute Resolution Agreements, $45.2 million in stock-based compensation which includes the reversal of Working Capital Loans and upon conversion$59.1 million of stock-based compensation expense related to the forfeiture of one of the Founder Shares) will be entitled to registration rights pursuantGrants, a loss of $32.9 million due to a registration rights agreement thatchange in fair value of our warrant liabilities, and $17.5 million of research and development warrant expense related to the warrants issued to Stellantis (see Note 10 - Stock-Based Compensation to our consolidated financial statements). The net cash provided by changes in our net operating assets and liabilities of $13.2 million was effective withprimarily related to a $9.2 million increase in accounts payable due to timing of payments.
Net cash used in operating activities during the Initial Public Offering, requiring usyear ended December 31, 2022 was $200.4 million, resulting from a net loss of $317.3 million, adjusted for non-cash items consisting primarily of $102.8 million in stock-based compensation primarily related to register such securities for resale (in the case of the Founder Shares, only after conversion to Class A common stock). The holders of these securities are entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form demands, that we register such securities. In addition, the holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequentGrants and $10.8 million in other warrant expense related to the completionUnited warrants (see Note 10 - Stock-Based Compensation), partially offset by a gain of $22.9 million primarily due to the change in fair value of our warrant liabilities. The net cash related to changes in our net operating assets and liabilities of $19.2 million was primarily related to a Business Combination. The registration rights agreement does not contain liquidating damages or$15.6 million increase in accrued expenses and other current liabilities mainly due to legal fees and expenses and a $10.1 million increase in other long-term liabilities mainly due to the $10.0 million pre-delivery payment from United (see Note 10 - Stock-Based Compensation), partially offset by a $3.4 million increase in operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, net driven by lease payments and a $2.2 million increase in prepaid expenses primarily due to prepaid research and development-related expenses.
Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities
Net cash settlement provisions resultingprovided by investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2023 was $420.7 million, driven by proceeds from delaysmaturities of short-term investments of $465.0 million, offset by purchases of property and equipment of $44.3 million within the period.
Net cash used in registering our securities. We will bearinvesting activities during the expenses incurred in connection withyear ended December 31, 2022 was $464.3 million, driven by purchases of short-term investments of $487.4 million and purchases of property and equipment of $6.9 million, offset by proceeds from maturities of short-term investments of $30.0 million.
Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities during the filing of any such registration statements.

Business Combination Marketing Agreement

We engaged the representative of the underwriters and Moelis & Company LLC, an affiliate of the Sponsor, in connection with a Business Combination to assist us in holding meetings with our stockholders to discuss the potential Business Combination and the target business’ attributes, introduce us to potential investors that are interested in purchasing our securities in connection with a Business Combination, assist us in obtaining stockholder approval for the Business Combination and assist us with press releases and public filings in connection with the Business Combination. We will pay the representative of the underwriters and Moelis & Company LLC a cash fee for such services upon the consummation of the Business Combination of 2.25% ($11,250,000) and 1.25% ($6,250,000), respectively, or 3.5% ($17,500,000), in the aggregate, of theyear ended December 31, 2023 was $250.1 million, driven by gross proceeds of the Initial Public Offering. A portion of such fee may be re-allocated or paid to members of FINRA that assist us in consummating our Business Combination.

Advisory and Placement Agent Services Engagement Letters

We engaged Moelis & Company LLC, an affiliate of our Sponsor, in connection with the Business Combination to act as our financial advisor and exclusive placement agent forfrom the PIPE financing pursuantof $145.0 million, proceeds from the issuance of common stock to engagement letters entered into between AtlasStellantis of $95.0 million, and Moelis & Company LLC. Upon completionproceeds from shares issued under an at-the-market offering of $20.7 million, partially offset by the repayment of term loans to Silicon Valley Bank, a division of First-Citizens Bank, for $10.0 million.

Net cash used in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2022 was $9.9 million, consisting primarily of the Business Combination, approximately $24,000,000 in aggregate M&A advisory fees and placement agent fees will be payable to Moelis & Company LLC pursuant to these engagement letters.

repayment of debt for $10.0 million.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements and related disclosuresaccompanying notes have been prepared in conformityaccordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United StatesStates. The preparation of Americathese consolidated financial statements requires managementus to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and liabilities, disclosureexpenses, and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and our actual results, our future financial statements will be affected.
The SEC has defined a company’s critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of contingent assetsthe company’s financial condition and liabilitiesresults of operations, and which require the company to make its most difficult and subjective judgements, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.
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We believe that the following critical accounting policies involve a greater degree of judgment or complexity than our other accounting policies. Accordingly, these are the policies we believe are the most critical to a full understanding and evaluation of our consolidated financial statements. For additional information, refer to Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements.
Common Stock Valuation

Prior to the Business Combination, there was no public market for our common stock, and our board of directors determined the fair value of our common stock by taking into account input from management and independent third-party valuation analyses. The determinations of the fair value of our common stock were made using methodologies, approaches, and assumptions consistent with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Accounting and Valuation Guide: Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation.In valuing our common stock, we determined the equity value of our business using a combination of the market and income approach valuation methods. The total enterprise value was then allocated to our various share classes using a hybrid approach consisting of the option pricing model (“OPM”) and probability-weighted expected return method (“PWERM”). The OPM considers preferred stockholders’ liquidation preferences, participation rights, dividend policy, and conversion rights to determine how proceeds from a liquidity event shall be distributed among the various ownership classes at a future date, whereas the PWERM estimates the fair market value of the common stock based on an analysis of future values for various potential liquidity outcomes. Since there was no active market for our common stock, we also applied a discount for lack of marketability for both OPM and PWERM scenarios. Application of these approaches and methods involves the use of estimates, judgments, and assumptions, such as future revenue, expenses and cash flows, selections of comparable companies, probabilities and timing of exit events, and other factors. The fair value of our common stock, utilizing the above methodology prior to the closing of the Business Combination, was used to determine the fair value of the United warrants, and was a key input in the estimation of the fair value of our stock options (as discussed below).
Since the closing of the Business Combination in September 2021, the fair value of our common stock is based on the closing price of our Class A common stock, as quoted on the NYSE, on the date of grant.
Stock-Based Compensation
We account for stock-based compensation awards granted to employees and non-employees by recording compensation expense based on each award’s grant date estimated fair value over the vesting period, in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation. We estimate the fair value of RSUs based on the fair value of our common stock on the date of grant. We estimate the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Determining the fair value of stock options under this model requires highly subjective assumptions, including the fair value of the underlying common stock, risk-free interest rate, expected term of the award, expected volatility of the price of our common stock, and expected dividend yield of our common stock. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. If we had made different assumptions, our stock-based compensation expense could have been materially different. We have not issued any stock options since the closing of the Business Combination.
The fair value of RSUs that vest based on service conditions is determined based on the value of the underlying common stock at the date of grant. The Founder Grants vest when either a market condition or performance condition is satisfied. We determined the financial statements, and income and expenses duringfair value of the periods reported. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. We have identifiedperformance award by utilizing the following critical accounting policies:


Warrant Liabilities

We accounttrading price on the Closing Date. When the applicable performance milestone is deemed probable of being achieved, we will recognize compensation expense for the warrants issued in connection with our initial public offering in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (“ASC 815”), under whichportion earned to date over the warrants do not meetrequisite period. For the criteria for equity classification and must be recorded as liabilities. Asmarket condition award, we estimated the warrants meet the definition of a derivative as contemplated in ASC 815, the Warrants are measured at fair value at inceptionusing a Monte Carlo simulation model. We recognize compensation expense for the market award on a straight-line basis over the derived service period. Determining the fair value for the market condition award under this model requires subjective assumptions, including the expected volatility of the price of our common stock. If the applicable performance condition is not probable of being achieved, compensation cost for the value of the award incorporating the market condition is recognized, so long as the requisite service is provided. If the performance milestone becomes probable of being achieved, the full fair value of the award will be recognized, and at each reporting dateany remaining expense for the market award will be cancelled.

Income Taxes
We are subject to income taxes in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, withthe United States and other jurisdictions. Our income tax provision consists of an estimate of federal, state and foreign income taxes based on enacted federal, state and foreign tax rates, as adjusted for allowable credits, deductions, uncertain tax positions, changes in fair value recognizedthe valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, and changes in tax laws.
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We recognize tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if we believe that it is more-likely-than-not that the Statementtax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of Operationsthe position. Although we believe that we have adequately reserved for our uncertain tax positions, we can provide no assurance that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be materially different. We make adjustments to these reserves when facts and circumstances change, such as the closing of issues under audit or expiration of statute of limitation, changes in or interpretations of tax law. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such differences may affect the provision for income taxes in the period of change.

Common stock subject to possible redemption

We account for common stock subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480 Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity. Common stock subject to mandatory redemptionwhich such determination is classified as a liability instrumentmade and is measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable common stock (including common stock that features redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within our control) is classified as temporary equity. At all other times, common stock is classified as stockholders’ equity. Our common stock features certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of our control and subject to occurrence of uncertain future events. As of December 31, 2020, 44,885,287 shares of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption are presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the stockholders’ equity section of our balance sheet.

Net Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Net earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The Company has not considered the effect of the warrants sold in the Public Offering and Private Placement to purchase an aggregate of 24,666,667 shares in the calculation of diluted loss per share, since the exercise of the warrants are contingent upon the occurrence of future events and the inclusion of such warrants would be anti-dilutive.

The Company’s statement of operations includes a presentation of income per share for common shares subject to possible redemption and applies the two-class method in calculating income per share. Net earnings per common share, basic and diluted, for Class A redeemable common stock is calculated by dividing the allocable interest income earned on the Trust Account, net of applicable franchise and income taxes, by the weighted average number of Class A redeemable common stock outstanding since original issuance. Net loss per share, basic and diluted, for Class A and Class B non-redeemable common stock is calculated by dividing the net loss, adjusted for income attributable to Class A redeemable common stock, by the weighted average number of Class B non-redeemable common stock outstanding for the period. Class B non-redeemable common stock includes the Founder Shares as these shares do not have any redemption features and do not participate in the income earned on the Trust Account.

Recent Accounting Standards

Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, wouldcould have a material effectimpact on our condensed financial statements.

condition and results of operations.

Significant judgment is applied when assessing the need for valuation allowances and includes the evaluation of historical income (loss) adjusted for the effects of non-recurring items. Areas of estimation include consideration of future taxable income. We have placed a full valuation allowance against our federal and state deferred tax assets since the recovery of the assets is uncertain. Should a change in circumstances lead to a change in judgment about the utilization of deferred tax assets in future years, the adjustment related to valuation allowances would be reported as an increase to income.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements for a discussion about accounting pronouncements recently adopted and recently issued and not yet adopted.
Credit Risk
Financial instruments, which subject us to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments. Our cash and cash equivalents are held at several long-standing financial institutions located in the United States. At times, cash account balances with any one financial institution may exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits ($250 thousand per depositor per institution). We have not experienced any losses due to these excess deposits and believe this risk is not significant. Our short-term investments consisted of high quality, investment grade marketable securities and were held at a major financial institution located in the United States. We have established guidelines regarding diversification of our investments and their maturities that are designed to preserve principal and achieve liquidity requirements. We review these guidelines and modify them as necessary based on updated liquidity needs and changes in our operations and financial position.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures Aboutabout Market Risk.

This itemRisk

Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to market risk for changes in interest rates applicable to our borrowings and short-term investments. The Loan under the Credit Agreement accrues interest from and including the date the applicable advance is made but excluding the repayment date at a rate of the SOFR, plus 2.00% subject to a SOFR floor of 0.00%. Additionally, we had cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash totaling $471.5 million as of December 31, 2023. Cash equivalents were invested in money market funds. The primary objectives of our investment activities are to preserve principal and achieve liquidity requirements. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. A hypothetical 100 basis point change in interest rates applicable as we areto the Loan under the Credit Agreement or with respect to our investment portfolio would not have had a smaller reporting company.

material impact on the fair value of our portfolio for the periods presented.

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

This information appears following Item 16 of this Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting andData


Index to Consolidated Financial Disclosure.

None.

Statements


Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls are procedures that are designed with the objective of ensuring that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time period specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls are also designed with the objective of ensuring that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In connection with this Amendment, our management re-evaluated, with the participation of our current chief executive officer and chief financial officer (our “Certifying Officers”), the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2020, pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation and in light of the SEC Staff Statement, our Certifying Officers concluded that, solely due to the Company’s restatement of its financial statements to reclassify the Company’s warrants as described in the Explanatory Note to this Amendment, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2020.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. In connection with the evaluation of the SEC’s recent statement regarding SPAC accounting matters and management’s subsequent re-evaluation of its previously issued financial statements, the Company determined that there were errors in its accounting for its warrants. Management concluded that a deficiency in internal control over financial reporting existed relating to the accounting treatment for complex financial instruments and that the failure to properly account for such instruments constituted a material weakness as defined in the SEC regulations. This material weakness resulted in the restatement of the Company’s audited financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020.

We do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors and all instances of fraud. Disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Further, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all disclosure controls and procedures, no evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures can provide absolute assurance that we have detected all our control deficiencies and instances of fraud, if any. The design of disclosure controls and procedures also is based partly on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting

Our Annual Report did not, and this Amendment does not, include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm due to a transition period established by rules of the SEC for newly public companies.

Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements

On May 24, 2021, we revised our prior position on accounting for warrants and restated our financial statements to reclassify the Company’s warrants as described in the Explanatory Note to this Amendment. However, the non-cash adjustments to the financial statements do not impact the amounts previously reported for our cash and cash equivalents, total assets, or cash flows.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Due solely to the events that led to our restatement of our financial statements, management has identified a material weakness in internal controls related to the accounting for warrants issued in connection with our initial public offering. In light of the restatement of our financial statements included in this Amendment, we plan to enhance our processes to identify and appropriately apply applicable accounting requirements to better evaluate and understand the nuances of the complex accounting standards that apply to our financial statements. Our plans at this time include providing enhanced access to accounting literature, research materials and documents and increased communication among our personnel and third-party professionals with whom we consult regarding complex accounting applications. The elements of our remediation plan can only be accomplished over time, and we can offer no assurance that these initiatives will ultimately have the intended effects.


Item 9B. Other Information.

None.

PART III

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.

The following is a summary of fees paid or to be paid to Marcum LLP, or Marcum, for services rendered.

Audit Fees. Audit fees consist of fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our year-end financial statements and services that are normally provided by Marcum in connection with regulatory filings. The aggregate fees billed by Marcum for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements, review of the financial information included in our Form 10-K and other required filings with the SEC for the year ended December 31, 2020 totaled approximately $88,000. The above amount includes interim procedures, audit fees, and consent issued for registration statements and comfort letters.

Audit-Related Fees. Audit-related services consist of fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported under “Audit Fees.” These services include attest services that are not required by statute or regulation and consultations concerning financial accounting and reporting standards. We did not pay Marcum for consultations concerning financial accounting and reporting standards for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Tax Fees. We did not pay Marcum for tax planning and tax advice for the year ended December 31, 2020.

All Other Fees. We did not pay Marcum for other services for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Pre-Approval Policy

Since the formation of our audit committee upon the consummation of our Initial Public Offering, and on a going-forward basis, the audit committee has and will pre-approve all auditing services and permitted non-audit services to be performed for us by our auditors, including the fees and terms thereof (subject to the de minimis exceptions for non-audit services described in the Exchange Act which are approved by the audit committee prior to the completion of the audit). The audit committee pre-approved all auditing services provided by Marcum set forth above for 2020.

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.

a.The following documents are filed as part of this Amendment:

Financial Statements: See "Index to Financial Statements” at “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” herein.

b.Exhibits: The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Amendment on Form 10-K/A.


No.Description of Exhibit
2.1Business Combination Agreement dated February 10, 2021 between Registrant, Artemis Acquisition Sub Inc. and Archer Aviation Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (file No. 001-39668) filed with the SEC on February 10, 2021)
3.1Form of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (file No. 001-39668) filed with the SEC on November 2, 2020)
3.2Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Form S-1 (file No. 333-249289) filed with the SEC on October 21, 2020)
4.1Specimen Unit Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form S-1 (file No. 333-249289) filed with the SEC on October 21, 2020)
4.2Specimen Class A Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form S-1 (file No. 333-249289) filed with the SEC on October 21, 2020)
4.3Specimen Warrant Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Form S-1 (file No. 333-249289) filed with the SEC on October 21, 2020)
4.4Warrant Agreement dated October 27, 20202 between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (file No. 001-39668) filed with the SEC on November 2, 2020)
10.1Letter Agreement dated October 27, 2020 among the Registrant, Atlas Crest Investment LLC and each of the executive officers and directors of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (file No. 001-39668) filed with the SEC on November 2, 2020)
10.2Investment Management Trust Agreement dated October 27, 2020 between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (file No. 001-39668) filed with the SEC on November 2, 2020)
10.3Registration and Shareholder Rights Agreement dated October 27, 2020 among the Registrant, Atlas Crest Investment V LLC and the Holders signatory thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (file No. 001-39668) filed with the SEC on November 2, 2020)
10.4Private Placement Warrants Purchase Agreement dated October 27, 2020 between the Registrant and Atlas Crest Investment V LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (file No. 001-39668) filed with the SEC on November 2, 2020)
10.5Form of Indemnity Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (file No. 001-39668) filed with the SEC on November 2, 2020)
10.6Promissory Note issued to Atlas Crest Investment LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Form S-1 (file No. 333-249289) filed with the SEC on October 21, 2020)
10.7Securities Subscription Agreement dated October 27, 2020 between the Registrant and Atlas Crest Investment V LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Form S-1 (file No. 333-249289) filed with the SEC on October 21, 2020)
10.8Administrative Support Agreement dated October 27, 2020 between the Registrant and Atlas Crest Investment LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (file No. 001-39668) filed with the SEC on November 2, 2020)


10.1Sponsor Letter Agreement dated February 10, 2021 between Registrant, Atlas Crest Investment LLC Archer Aviation, Inc. and each of the executive officers and directors of Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (file No. 001-39668) filed with the SEC on February 10, 2021)
10.11Form of Subscription Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (file No. 001-39668) filed with the SEC on February 10, 2021)
24Power of Attorney (included on signature page of this Amendment on Form 10-K/A)
31.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)*
31.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)*
32Certification pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**
101.INSXBRL Instance Document*
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema *
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase*
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase*
101.PREXBRL Definition Linkbase Document*
101.DEFXBRL Definition Linkbase Document*

*Filed herewith

**Furnished herewith

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Atlas Crest Investment Corp.
Date: May 24, 2021By:/s/ Michael Spellacy
Name: Michael Spellacy
Title: Chief Executive Officer


ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238)
Consolidated Balance SheetSheets
StatementConsolidated Statements of Operations
StatementConsolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholder's EquityComprehensive Loss
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements



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Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors and Stockholders of

Atlas Crest Investment Corp.

Opinion Archer Aviation Inc.

Opinions on the Financial Statements

and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheetsheets of Atlas Crest Investment Corp.Archer Aviation Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020,2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes inof comprehensive loss, of stockholders’ equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period from August 26, 2020 (inception) throughended December 31, 2020, and2023, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial“consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020,2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period from August 26, 2020 (inception) throughended December 31, 2020,2023 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Restatement of Also in our opinion, the 2020 Financial Statements

As discussedCompany maintained, in Note 2 to theall material respects, effective internal control over financial statements, the accompanying financial statementsreporting as of December 31, 20202023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for the period from August 26, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020, have been restated.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibilityits assessment of the Company's management.effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express an opinionopinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial statementsreporting based on our audit.audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB")(PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our auditaudits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the auditaudits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding offraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectivenesswas maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the Company's internal control overconsolidated financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our auditstatements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our auditaudits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit providesaudits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
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Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Accounting for the Wisk Settlement and Valuation of the Second Tranche Warrant
As described in Notes 3 and 8 to the consolidated financial statements, on August 10, 2023, the Company, the Boeing Company (“Boeing”) and Wisk Aero LLC (“Wisk”) (a wholly-owned subsidiary of Boeing) entered into a series of agreements that provide for, among other things, certain investments by Boeing into the Company and an autonomous flight technology collaboration between Wisk and the Company, the issuance of certain warrants to Wisk and resolution of the federal and state court litigation between the parties (the “Technology and Dispute Resolution Agreements” or “Wisk Settlement”). Under the Wisk Settlement, management agreed to issue Wisk a warrant to purchase up to 13,176,895 shares of the Company’s Common Stock with an exercise price of $0.01 per share (the “Wisk Warrant”). The Wisk Warrant shall vest and be exercisable as follows: (i) immediately as to 4,512,636 shares, underlying the Warrant (the “Initial Vested Share Tranche”) and (ii) for up to 8,664,259 shares (the “Second Tranche”) underlying the Wisk Warrant as determined six months from the effective date of the Warrant (the “Specified Date”). The extent to which the Second Tranche vests is based on the value of the First Boeing Investment and the shares underlying the Initial Vested Share Tranche as of the Specified Date. Management recorded the Initial Vested Share Tranche within equity at its fair value. Management recorded the Second Tranche as liabilities at their fair value and adjusts the warrants to fair value at each reporting period. Management utilizes a Monte Carlo simulation model for the accrued technology and dispute resolution agreements liability at each reporting period, with changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2023, management recorded a $70.3 million non-cash charge in general and administrative expenses consisting of a $26.3 million non-cash charge associated with the Initial Vested Share Tranche and a $44.0 million non-cash charge for the unvested portion of the Wisk Warrant. At December 31, 2023, the associated liability was $44.0 million.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the accounting for the Wisk Settlement and valuation of the Second Tranche Warrant liability is a critical audit matter are (i) a high degree of auditor effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence related to the accounting for the Wisk Settlement and valuation of the Second Tranche Warrant liability and (ii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to significant unusual transactions, including controls over management’s accounting for the Wisk Settlement and valuation of the Second Tranche Warrant. These procedures also included, among others, (i) reading the agreements related to the Wisk Settlement and evaluating the accounting implications of such agreements, (ii) the involvement of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in developing an independent estimate for the Second Tranche Warranty liability, (iii) comparing the independent estimate to management's estimate to evaluate the reasonableness of management's estimate of the Second Tranche Warrant liability, and (iv) testing the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used by management in the Monte Carlo simulation model. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were also used to assist in evaluating the appropriateness of the Monte Carlo simulation model used by management to develop the fair value estimate of the Second Tranche Warrant liability.

/s/ MarcumPricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Marcum LLP


Irvine, California
February 29, 2024
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020.

New York, NY

March 8, 2021,

45

Table of Contents
Archer Aviation Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In millions, except share and per share data)
As of December 31,
20232022
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents$464.6 $69.4 
Restricted cash6.9 2.9 
Short-term investments— 461.8 
Prepaid expenses7.9 9.8 
Other current assets0.8 1.6 
Total current assets480.2 545.5 
Property and equipment, net57.6 11.5 
Intangible assets, net0.4 0.4 
Right-of-use assets8.9 11.9 
Other long-term assets7.2 4.5 
Total assets$554.3 $573.8 
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable$14.3 $3.6 
Current portion of lease liabilities2.8 3.7 
Current portion of notes payable— 9.3 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities96.9 36.7 
Total current liabilities114.0 53.3 
Notes payable, net of current portion7.2 — 
Lease liabilities, net of current portion13.2 9.2 
Warrant liabilities39.9 7.0 
Other long-term liabilities12.9 11.0 
Total liabilities187.2 80.5 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022— — 
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value; 700,000,000 shares authorized; 265,617,341 and 177,900,738 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively— — 
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 38,165,615 and 63,738,197 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively— — 
Additional paid-in capital1,515.9 1,185.0 
Accumulated deficit(1,148.8)(690.9)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss— (0.8)
Total stockholders’ equity367.1 493.3 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$554.3 $573.8 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In millions, except share and per share data)
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
Operating expenses
Research and development$276.4 $171.5 $64.3 
General and administrative168.4 165.1 176.7 
Other warrant expense2.1 10.8 117.3 
Total operating expenses446.9 347.4 358.3 
Loss from operations(446.9)(347.4)(358.3)
Gain on forgiveness of PPP loan— — 0.9 
Other (expense) income, net(26.9)27.8 10.6 
Interest income (expense), net16.4 2.3 (1.0)
Loss before income taxes(457.4)(317.3)(347.8)
Income tax expense(0.5)— — 
Net loss$(457.9)$(317.3)$(347.8)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted$(1.69)$(1.32)$(3.14)
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted270,408,132 240,476,894 110,836,238 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
(In millions)
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
Net loss$(457.9)$(317.3)$(347.8)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax0.8 (0.8)— 
Comprehensive loss$(457.1)$(318.1)$(347.8)
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(In millions, except share data)
Common Stock
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
Accumulated
Deficit
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Total
Class AClass B
SharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance as of December 31, 202049,828,517 $— 66,714,287 $— $61.7 $(25.8)$— $35.9 
Conversion of Class B common stock to Class A common stock5,337,446 — (5,337,446)— — — — — 
Issuance of restricted stock and restricted stock expense20,833 — 10,004,612 — 118.1 — — 118.1 
Exercise of stock options859,544 — 3,556,492 — 0.5 — — 0.5 
Issuance of warrants and warrant expense— — — — 124.3 — — 124.3 
Exercise of warrants8,845,058 — — — 0.1 — — 0.1 
Stock-based compensation— — — — 5.5 — — 5.5 
Issuance of Class A common stock pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement36,385,693 — — — 162.3 — — 162.3 
PIPE financing61,512,500 — — — 600.0 — — 600.0 
Net loss— — — — — (347.8)— (347.8)
Balance as of December 31, 2021162,789,591 — 74,937,945 — 1,072.5 (373.6)— 698.9 
Conversion of Class B common stock to Class A common stock8,406,170 — (8,406,170)— — — — — 
Issuance of restricted stock and restricted stock expense5,269,553 — — — 71.3 — — 71.3 
Exercise of stock options1,435,424 — 2,208,728 — 0.4 — — 0.4 
Issuance of warrants and warrant expense— — — — 14.1 — — 14.1 
Cancellation of Class B common stock (Note 10)— — (5,002,306)— — — — — 
Stock-based compensation— — — — 26.7 — — 26.7 
Net loss— — — — — (317.3)— (317.3)
Other comprehensive loss— — — — — — (0.8)(0.8)
Balance as of December 31, 2022177,900,738 — 63,738,197 — 1,185.0 (690.9)(0.8)493.3 
Conversion of Class B common stock to Class A common stock26,449,869 — (26,449,869)— — — — — 
Issuance of Class A common stock1,985,559 — — — 11.6 — — 11.6 
Issuance of restricted stock and restricted stock expense7,405,542 — — — (6.6)— — (6.6)
Exercise of stock options1,149,934 — 877,287 — 0.2 — — 0.2 
Issuance of warrants and warrant expense— — — — 46.0 — — 46.0 
Exercise of warrants2,942,778 — — — — — — — 
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Common Stock
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
Accumulated
Deficit
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Total
Class AClass B
SharesAmountSharesAmount
Common stock withheld related to net share settlement of equity awards(1,378,367)— — — (3.5)— — (3.5)
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan1,228,632 — — — 2.9 — — 2.9 
Common stock issued under stock purchase agreement18,650,273 — — — 89.6 — — 89.6 
Common stock issued under at-the-market offering3,109,097 — — — 19.5 — — 19.5 
PIPE financing26,173,286 — — — 139.0 — — 139.0 
Stock-based compensation— — — — 32.2 — — 32.2 
Net loss— — — — — (457.9)— (457.9)
Other comprehensive income— — — — — — 0.8 0.8 
Balance as of December 31, 2023265,617,341 $— 38,165,615 $— $1,515.9 $(1,148.8)$— $367.1 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In millions)
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss$(457.9)$(317.3)$(347.8)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and other6.5 4.4 1.3 
Debt discount and issuance cost amortization0.7 0.5 0.2 
Stock-based compensation45.2 102.8 123.6 
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities and other warrant costs32.9 (22.9)(10.4)
Gain on issuance of common stock(3.6)— — 
Non-cash lease expense3.8 4.6 1.7 
Research and development warrant expense17.5 2.9 7.0 
Other warrant expense2.1 10.8 117.3 
Technology and dispute resolution agreements expense70.3 — — 
Interest income on short-term investments— (0.5)— 
Accretion and amortization income of short-term investments(2.3)(4.9)— 
Gain on forgiveness of PPP loan— — (0.9)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses1.9 (2.2)(6.8)
Other current assets0.8 (1.2)(0.3)
Other long-term assets(5.0)0.4 (2.7)
Accounts payable9.2 (0.1)(0.8)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities2.3 15.6 12.1 
Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, net2.4 (3.4)(1.9)
Other long-term liabilities1.6 10.1 — 
Net cash used in operating activities(271.6)(200.4)(108.4)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of short-term investments— (487.4)— 
Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments465.0 30.0 — 
Purchase of property and equipment(44.3)(6.9)(3.5)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities420.7 (464.3)(3.5)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of debt7.5 — 20.0 
Repayment of long-term debt(10.0)(10.0)— 
Payment of debt issuance costs(0.3)— (0.2)
Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards(3.5)— — 
Proceeds from PIPE financing145.0 — 600.0 
Payment of offering costs in connection with PIPE financing(6.0)— — 
Proceeds from shares issued under at-the-market offering20.7 — — 
Payment of offering costs in connection with at-the-market offering(1.2)— — 
Recapitalization transaction— — 257.6 
Recapitalization transaction costs— — (55.8)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options— 0.1 0.5 
Proceeds from exercise of stock warrants— — 0.1 
Proceeds from shares issued under employee stock purchase plan2.9 — — 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock95.0 — — 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities250.1 (9.9)822.2 
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash399.2 (674.6)710.3 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period72.3 746.9 36.6 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period$471.5 $72.3 $746.9 
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Supplemental Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid for interest$0.8 $1.5 $0.7 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses10.8 3.1 2.1 
Allocation of debt proceeds to stock warrants— — 1.2 
Conversion of convertible preferred stock to common stock in connection with the reverse recapitalization— — 61.5 
PIPE financing issuance costs settled with the issuance of Class A common stock— — 7.0 
Recapitalization transaction costs settled with the issuance of Class A common stock— — 8.1 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1 - Organization and Nature of Business
Organization and Nature of Business

Archer Aviation Inc. (the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, with its headquarters located in San Jose, California, is an aerospace company. The Company is designing and developing electric vertical takeoff and landing (“eVTOL”) aircraft for use in urban air mobility (“UAM”) networks. The Company’s mission is to unlock the skies, freeing everyone to reimagine how they move and spend time.
The Company’s Planned Lines of Business

Upon receipt of all necessary Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) certifications and any other government approvals necessary for the effectsCompany to manufacture and operate its aircraft, the Company intends to operate two complementary lines of business. The Company’s core focus is direct-to-consumer offerings (“Archer UAM”) with its secondary focus being business-to-business offerings (“Archer Direct”).

Archer UAM

The Company plans to operate its own UAM ecosystem initially in select major cities. The Company’s UAM ecosystem will operate using its eVTOL aircraft which is currently in development.

Archer Direct

The Company also plans to selectively sell a certain amount of its eVTOL aircraft along with ancillary products and services to third parties.

Business Combination

On September 16, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), Archer Aviation, Inc., a Delaware corporation (prior to the closing of the restatements discussed for warrants in Note 2, for whichBusiness Combination (as defined below), “Legacy Archer”), Atlas Crest Investment Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Atlas”), and Artemis Acquisition Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Atlas (“Merger Sub”), consummated the date is May 24, 2021.


ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP.

BALANCE SHEET

DECEMBER 31, 2020

(As Restated)

Assets:   
Current assets:    
Cash $925,923 
Prepaid expenses  463,999 
Total current assets  1,389,922 
Investments held in Trust Account  500,098,582 
Total Assets $501,488,504 
     
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity:    
Current liabilities:    
Accounts payable $10,991 
Accrued expenses  48,022 
Franchise tax payable  69,945 
Total current liabilities  128,958 
Warrant liabilities  47,506,670 
Total Liabilities  47,635,628 
     
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 7)    
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value, subject to possible redemption; 44,885,287 shares at redemption value  448,852,870 
     
Stockholders' Equity:    
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding   
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 5,114,713 shares issued and outstanding (excluding 44,885,287 shares subject to possible redemption)  511 
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 12,500,000 shares issued and outstanding(1)  1,250 
Additional paid-in capital  15,848,758 
Accumulated deficit  (10,850,513)
Total stockholders' equity  5,000,006 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity $501,488,504 

(1) Excludes 1,875,000 sharesclosing of Class B common stock that were forfeitedthe transactions contemplated by the underwriter dueBusiness Combination Agreement, dated February 10, 2021, as amended and restated on July 29, 2021, by and among Atlas, Legacy Archer and Merger Sub (the “Business Combination Agreement”), following approval at a special meeting of the stockholders of Atlas held on September 14, 2021 (the “Special Meeting”). Unless otherwise specified or unless the context otherwise requires, references in these notes to expirationLegacy Archer refer to Archer prior to the Business Combination and references in these notes to “New Archer” refer to Archer following the Business Combination.

Pursuant to the terms of over-allotment option occurring in December 2020 (see Note 6).

The accompanying notes are an integral partthe Business Combination Agreement, a business combination of these financial statements.


ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP.

STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE PERIOD FROM AUGUST 26, 2020 (INCEPTION) THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 2020

(As Restated)

Operating and formation costs $159,947 
Franchise tax expense  69,945 
Loss from operations  (229,892)
Unrealized gain on investments held in Trust Account  98,582 
Loss on sale of private placement warrants  (240,000)
Expensed offering costs  (545,873)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities  (9,933,330)
Net loss $(10,850,513)
     
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding, Redeemable Class A Common Stock  44,885,287 
Basic and diluted net earnings per share, Redeemable Class A Common Stock $0.00 
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding, Non-Redeemable Class A and Class B Common Stock  17,614,713 
Basic and diluted net loss per share, Non-Redeemable Class A and Class B Common Stock $(0.62)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.


ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP.

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY

FOR THE PERIOD FROM AUGUST 26, 2020 (INCEPTION) THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 2020

(As Restated)

  Common Stock          
  Class A  Class B  Additional
Paid-in
  Retained  Total
Stockholders'
 
  Shares  Amount  Shares  Amount  Capital  Earnings  Equity 
Balance – August 26, 2020 (inception)    $     $  $  $  $ 
Issuance of Class B common stock to Sponsor(1)        14,375,000   1,438   23,562      25,000 
Sale of 50,000,000 units in Initial Public Offering, less fair value of public warrants, net of offering costs, as restated  50,000,000   5,000         464,673,389      464,678,389 
Forfeiture of Class B common stock(1)        (1,875,000)  (188)  188       
Class A common stock subject to possible redemption, as restated  (44,885,287)  (4,489)        (448,848,381)     (448,852,870)
Net loss, as restated                 (10,850,513)  (10,850,513)
Balance – December 31, 2020, as restated  5,114,713  $511   12,500,000  $1,250  $15,848,758  $(10,850,513) $5,000,006 

(1) Includes up to 1,875,000 shares of Class B common stock subject to forfeiture if the over-allotment option is not exercised in full or in partLegacy Archer and Atlas was effected by the underwriter. Uponmerger of Merger Sub with and into Legacy Archer, with Legacy Archer surviving the expirationmerger (the “Surviving Entity”) as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Atlas (the “Merger,” and, collectively with the other transactions described in the Business Combination Agreement, the “Business Combination”). Following the consummation of the over-allotment option in December 2020, 1,875,000 shares of Class B common stock were forfeited (see Note 6).

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.


ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP.

STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE PERIOD FROM AUGUST 26, 2020 (INCEPTION) THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 2020

(As Restated)

Cash Flows from Operating Activities:   
Net loss $(10,850,513)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:    
Expensed offering costs on issuance of Public Warrants  545,873 
Unrealized gain on investments held in Trust Account  (98,582)
Loss on sale of private placement warrants  240,000 
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities  9,933,330 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:    
Prepaid expenses  (463,999)
Accounts payable  10,991 
Accrued expenses  48,022 
Franchise tax payable  69,945 
Net cash used in operating activities  (564,933)
     
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:    
Cash deposited in Trust Account  (500,000,000)
Net cash used in investing activities  (500,000,000)
     
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:    
Proceeds from issuance of Class B common stock to Sponsor  25,000 
Proceeds from issuance of promissory note  300,000 
Repayment of promissory note  (300,000)
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of underwriter's discount paid  490,000,000 
Proceeds from sale of private placement warrants  12,000,000 
Offering costs paid  (534,144)
Net cash provided by financing activities  501,490,856 
     
Net change in cash  925,923 
     
Cash - beginning of period   
Cash - end of period $925,923 
     
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:    
Class A common stock subject to possible redemption $448,852,870 
Initial classification of warrant liabilities $37,573,340 
Forfeiture of Class B common stock $188 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.


ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP. 

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2020

NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS

Merger on the Closing Date, the Surviving Entity changed its name from Archer Aviation, Inc. to Archer Aviation Operating Corp., and Atlas changed its name from Atlas Crest Investment Corp. to Archer Aviation Inc. and it became the successor registrant with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Company” or "Atlas") is a blank check company incorporated in Delaware on August 26, 2020. The Company was formed for the purpose of effectuating a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or other similar business combination with one or more businesses (the “Business Combination”“SEC”). The Company is an early stage and emerging growth company and, as such,Prior to the Company is subject to allclosing of the risks associated with early stageBusiness Combination, the Class A common stock and emerging growth companies.

Aspublic warrants of December 31, 2020,Atlas were listed on the Company had not commenced any operations. All activityNew York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbols “ACIC” and “ACIC WS,” respectively. New Archer Class A common stock and public warrants are currently listed on the NYSE under the symbols “ACHR” and “ACHR WS,” respectively.

The financial statements included in this report reflect (i) the historical operating results of Legacy Archer prior to the Business Combination; (ii) the combined results of Atlas and Legacy Archer following the closing of the Business Combination; (iii) the assets and liabilities of Legacy Archer at their historical cost; and (iv) the Company’s equity structure for the period from August 26, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020 relatesall periods presented.
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 2 - Liquidity and Going Concern
Since the Company’s formation, the initial public offering (“Initial Public Offering”) as described below,Company has devoted substantial effort and sincecapital resources to the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the search for a prospective initial Business Combination. The Company will not generate any operating revenues until after the completiondesign and development of its initial Business Combination, atplanned eVTOL aircraft and UAM network. Funding of these activities has primarily been through the earliest. The Company will generate non-operating income in the form of interest income or gains on investments on the cash and investments held in a trust accountnet proceeds received from the proceeds derived fromissuance of related and third-party debt (Note 7 - Notes Payable), and the Initial Public Offering.

The registration statement for the Company's Initial Public Offering was declared effective on October 27, 2020. On October 30, 2020,sale of preferred and common stock to related and third parties (Note 9 - Preferred and Common Stock). Through December 31, 2023, the Company consummated the Initial Public Offeringhas incurred cumulative losses from operations, negative cash flows from operating activities, and has an accumulated deficit of 50,000,000 units (the “Units” and, with respect to the shares of Class A common stock included in the Units sold, the “Public Shares”), at $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds of $500,000,000, which is discussed in Note 4.

$1,148.8 million. Following the closing of the Initial Public OfferingBusiness Combination on October 30, 2020, an amountthe Closing Date, the Company received net cash proceeds of $500,000,000 ($10.00 per Unit)$801.8 million. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $464.6 million, which management believes will be sufficient to fund the Company’s current operating plan for at least the next 12 months from the net proceeds of the sale of the Units in the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants (as defined in Note 5) was placed in a trust account (the “Trust Account”), invested in U.S. government securities, within the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), with a maturity of 185 days or less, or in any open-ended investment company that holds itself out as a money market fund meeting the conditions of Rule 2a-7 of the Investment Company Act, as determined by the Company, until the earlier of: (i) the consummation of a Business Combination or (ii) the distribution of the funds in the Trust Account to the Company’s stockholders, as described below.

Transaction costs related to the issuances described above amounted to $10,534,144, consisting of $10,000,000 of underwriting fees and $534,144 of other costs. In addition, at December 31, 2020, $925,923 of cash was held outside of the Trust Account and is available for working capital purposes.

The Company’s management has broad discretion with respect to the specific application of the net proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants, although substantially all of the net proceeds are intended todate these consolidated financial statements were issued.

There can be applied generally toward consummating a Business Combination. New York Stock Exchange rules provide that the Business Combination must be with one or more target businesses that together have a fair market value equal to at least 80% of the balance in the Trust Account (excluding taxes payable on income earned on the Trust Account) at the time of the signing of a definitive agreement to enter a Business Combination. The Company will only complete a Business Combination if the post-transaction company owns or acquires 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the target or otherwise acquires a controlling interest in the target sufficient for it not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to successfully effect a Business Combination.

The Company will providesuccessful in achieving its holders ofbusiness plans, that the outstanding Public Shares (the “public stockholders”) with the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Public Shares upon the completion of a Business Combination either (i) in connection with a stockholder meeting called to approve the Business Combination or (ii) by means of a tender offer. The decision as to whether the Company will seek stockholder approval of a Business Combination or conduct a tender offerCompany’s current capital will be made by the Company, solely insufficient to support its discretion. The public stockholders are entitled to redeem their Public Shares for a pro rata portion of the amount then in the Trust Account (initially anticipated to be $10.00 per Public Share, plusongoing business plans, or that any pro rata interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account and not previously released to the Company to pay its tax obligations). Thereadditional financing will be no redemption rights upon the completion ofavailable in a Business Combination with respect totimely manner or on acceptable terms, if at all. If the Company’s warrants. The Public Shares subjectbusiness plans require it to redemption are recorded at redemption value and classified as temporary equity upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.


ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP. 

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2020

The Company will proceed with the Business Combination only if the Company has net tangible assets of at least $5,000,001 either prior to or upon such consummation of a Business Combination and, if the Company seeks stockholder approval, a majority of the shares voted are voted in favor of the Business Combination. If a stockholder vote is not required by law and the Company does not decide to hold a stockholder vote for business or other reasons, the Company will, pursuant to its amended and restated Certificate of Incorporation, conduct the redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and file tender offer documents with the SEC prior to completing a Business Combination. If, however, stockholder approval of the Business Combination is required by law, or the Company decides to obtain stockholder approval for business or other reasons, the Company will offer to redeem shares in conjunction with a proxy solicitation pursuant to the proxy rules and not pursuant to the tender offer rules. If the Company seeks stockholder approval in connection with a Business Combination, Atlas Crest Investment LLC (the "Sponsor") has agreed to vote its Founder Shares (as defined in Note 6) and any Public Shares purchased during or after the Initial Public Offering in favor of approving a Business Combination. Additionally, each public stockholder may elect to redeem their Public Shares irrespective of whether they vote for or against the proposed Business Combination or do not vote at all.

Notwithstanding the above, if the Company seeks stockholder approval of a Business Combination and it does not conduct redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules, the amended and restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that a public stockholder, together with any affiliate of such stockholder or any other person with whom such stockholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), will be restricted from redeeming its shares with respect to more than an aggregate of 15% or more of the Public Shares, without the prior consent of the Company.

The Sponsor has agreed (a) to waive its redemption rights with respect to its Founder Shares and Public Shares held by it in connection with the completion of a Business Combination, (b) to waive its liquidation rights with respect to the Founder Shares if the Company fails to complete a Business Combination within 24 months from the closing of the Initial Public Offering and (c) not to propose an amendment to the amended and restated Certificate of Incorporation (i) to modify the substance or timing of the Company’s obligation to allow redemption in connection with the Company’s initial Business Combination or to redeem 100% of its Public Shares if the Company does not complete a Business Combination or (ii) with respect to any other provision relating to stockholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity, unless the Company provides the public stockholders with the opportunity to redeem their Public Shares in conjunction with any such amendment.

The Company will have until 24 months from the closing of the Initial Public Offering to complete a Business Combination (the “Combination Period”). Ifraise additional capital, but the Company is unable to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period, the Company will (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem the Public Shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account and not previously released to the Company to pay its tax obligations (less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding Public Shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public stockholders’ rights as stockholders (including the right to receive further liquidating distributions, if any), and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of the Company’s remaining stockholders and the Company’s board of directors, dissolve and liquidate, subject in each case to the Company’s obligations under Delaware law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. There will be no redemption rights or liquidating distributions with respect to the Company’s warrants, which will expire worthless if the Company fails to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period.


ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2020

In order to protect the amounts held in the Trust Account, the Sponsor has agreed to be liable to the Company if and to the extent any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to the Company, or a prospective target business with which the Company has discussed entering into a transaction agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the Trust Account to below (1) $10.00 per Public Share or (2) the actual amount per Public Share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, in each case net of the interest whichdo so, it may be withdrawnrequired to pay our taxes. This liability will not apply with respectalter, or scale back its aircraft design, development and certification programs, as well as its manufacturing capabilities, or be unable to any claims by a third party who executed a waiver of any and all rights to seek access to the Trust Account and except as to any claims under the Company’s indemnity of the underwriters of the Initial Public Offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Moreover, in the event that an executed waiver is deemed to be unenforceable against a third party, the Sponsor will not be responsible to the extent of any liability forfund capital expenditures. Any such third-party claims. The Company will seek to reduce the possibility that the Sponsor will have to indemnify the Trust Account due to claims of creditors by endeavoring to have all vendors, service providers (except the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm), prospective target businesses or other entities with which the Company does business, execute agreements with the Company waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to monies held in the Trust Account.

Liquidity

As of December 31, 2020, the Company had $925,923 in cash held outside of the Trust Account and working capital of $1,260,964.

The Company’s liquidity needs prior to the consummation of the Initial Public Offering were satisfied through the proceeds of $25,000 from the sale of the Founder Shares, and a loan of $300,000 under an unsecured and non-interest bearing promissory note (see Note 6). Subsequent to the consummation of the Initial Public Offering, the Company’s liquidity will be satisfied through the net proceeds from the private placement held outside of the Trust Account.

Based on the foregoing, management believes that the Company will have sufficient working capital and borrowing capacity to meet its needs through the earlier of the consummation of a Business Combination or one year from this filing. Over this time period, the Company will be using the funds held outside of the Trust Account for paying existing accounts payable and accrued liabilities, identifying and evaluating prospective initial Business Combination candidates, performing due diligence on prospective target businesses, paying for travel expenditures, selecting the target business to merge with or acquire, and structuring, negotiating and consummating the Business Combination.

Risks and Uncertainties

Management is currently evaluating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the industry and has concluded that while it is reasonably possible that the virus couldevents would have a negativematerial adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of its operations, and/or search for a target company,cash flows, and ability to achieve the specific impact is not readily determinable asCompany’s intended business plans.

Note 3 - Summary of the dateSignificant Accounting Policies
Basis of these financial statements. Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

NOTE 2. RESTATEMENT OF PREVIOUSLY ISSUED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

On April 12, 2021, the Acting Director of the Division of Corporation Finance and Acting Chief Accountant of the SEC together issued a statement regarding the accounting and reporting considerations for warrants issued by special purpose acquisition companies entitled “Staff Statement on Accounting and Reporting Considerations for Warrants Issued by Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (“SPACs”)” (the “SEC Statement”). Specifically, the SEC Statement focused on certain settlement terms and provisions related to certain tender offers following a business combination, which terms are similar to those contained in the warrant agreement governing the Company’s warrants. As a result of the SEC Statement, the Company reevaluated the accounting treatment of (i) the 16,666,667 redeemable warrants (the “Public Warrants”) that were included in the units issued by the Company in its initial public offering (the “IPO”) and (ii) the 8,000,000 redeemable warrants that were issued to the Company’s sponsor in a private placement that closed concurrently with the closing of the Initial Public Offering (together with the Public Warrants, the “Warrants”). The Company previously accounted for the Warrants as components of equity.

In further consideration of the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity ("ASC 815"), the Company concluded that a provision in the warrant agreement related to certain tender or exchange offers precludes the Warrants from being accounted for as components of equity. As the Warrants meet the definition of a derivative as contemplated in ASC 815, the Warrants should be recorded as derivative liabilities on the balance sheet and measured at fair value at inception (on the date of the IPO) and at each reporting date in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement ("ASC 820"), with changes in fair value recognized in the Statements of Operations in the period of change.


ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP. 

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2020

In accordance with ASC Topic 340, Other Assets and Deferred Costs, as a result of the classification of the Warrants as derivative liabilities, the Company expensed a portion of the offering costs originally recorded as a reduction in equity. The portion of offering costs that was expensed was determined based on the relative fair value of the Public Warrants and shares of Class A common stock included in the Units.

The Company’s accounting for the warrants as components of equity instead of as derivative liabilities did not have any effect on the Company’s previously reported cash flows or cash.


ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP. 

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2020

The following tables summarize the effect of the restatement on each financial statement line item as of the dates, and for the period, indicated:

  As Previously
Reported
  Adjustment  As Restated 
Balance Sheet as of October 30, 2020 (audited)            
Warrant liabilities $  $37,573,340  $37,573,340 
Total liabilities     37,573,340   37,573,340 
Class A common stock subject to possible redemption  496,488,280   (37,573,340)  458,914,940 
Class A common stock  35   376   411 
Additional paid-in capital  5,001,103   785,497   5,786,600 
Accumulated deficit  (2,568)  (785,873)  (788,441)
Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2020 (audited)            
Warrant liabilities $  $47,506,670  $47,506,670 
Total liabilities  128,958   47,506,670   47,635,628 
Class A common stock subject to possible redemption  496,359,540   (47,506,670)  448,852,870 
Class A common stock  36   475   511 
Additional paid-in capital  5,130,030   10,718,728   15,848,758 
Accumulated deficit  (131,310)  (10,719,203)  (10,850,513)
Stockholders' equity  5,000,006      5,000,006 
Statement of Operations for the period from August 26, 2020 (inception) to December 31, 2020 (audited)            
Expensed offering costs $  $545,873  $545,873 
Loss on sale of private placement warrants     (240,000)  (240,000)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities   (9,933,330) (9,933,330)
Net loss  (131,310)  (10,719,203)  (10,850,513)
Basic and diluted net loss per share, Non-redeemable Class A and Class B common stock  (0.01)  (0.61)  (0.62)
Statement of Cash Flows for the period from August 26, 2020 (inception) to December 31, 2020 (audited)            
Cash flow from operating activities:            
Net loss $(131,310) $(10,719,203) $(10,850,513)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:            
Expensed offering costs in connection with the issuance of the Public Warrants included in the Units     545,873   545,873 
Loss on sale of private placement warrants     240,000   240,000 
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities     9,933,330   9,933,330 
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:            
Initial measurement of warrants issued in connection with the Initial Public Offering accounted for as liabilities     37,573,340   37,573,340 

NOTE 3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying financial statements of the Company are presentedbeen prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted inU.S. GAAP and include the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulationsaccounts of the SEC.

Company.

Use of Estimates

ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2020

Emerging Growth Company

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a)preparation of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company, which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Use of Estimates

The preparation ofconsolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosuredisclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.

Making

On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, requiresincluding those related to the: (i) realization of deferred tax assets and estimates of tax liabilities, (ii) fair value of debt, (iii) fair value of share-based payments, (iv) valuation of leased assets and liabilities, and (v) estimated useful lives of long-lived assets. These estimates are based on historical data and experience, as well as various other factors that management believes to exercisebe reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Such estimates often require the selection of appropriate valuation methodologies and models and may involve significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible thatjudgment in evaluating ranges of assumptions and financial inputs. Actual results may differ from those estimates under different assumptions, financial inputs, or circumstances.
Retroactive Application of Reverse Recapitalization
As discussed in Note 4 - Reverse Recapitalization and Related Transactions, the estimateBusiness Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization of equity structure. Pursuant to U.S. GAAP, the Company retrospectively recast its weighted-average outstanding shares within the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021. As part of the effectclosing, all of a condition, situation or setLegacy Archer’s issued Series Seed redeemable convertible preferred stock and Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock were converted into Legacy Archer common stock, which were converted again, along with all other issued and outstanding common stock of circumstances that existed atLegacy Archer, into New Archer Class A common stock and New Archer Class B common stock. The basic and diluted weighted-average Legacy Archer common stock were retroactively converted to New Archer Class A common stock and New Archer Class B common stock to conform to the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could changerecast in the near term dueconsolidated statements of stockholders’ equity.
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Notes to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Consolidated Financial Statements

Cash, and Cash Equivalents,

The Company considers all and Restricted Cash

Cash consists of cash on deposit with financial institutions. Cash equivalents consist of short-term, investments with an original maturityhighly liquid financial instruments that are readily convertible to cash and have maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company did not have any cash equivalents asfrom the date of purchase. As of December 31, 2020.

Investments Held in Trust Account

At December 31, 2020,2023 and 2022, the assetsCompany’s cash and cash equivalents included money market funds of $339.6 million and $6.1 million, respectively.

Restricted cash consists primarily of cash held as security for the Company’s standby letters of credit. Refer to Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies for further details.
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported in the Trust Account were heldconsolidated balance sheets that sum to amounts reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows (in millions):
As of December 31,
20232022
Cash and cash equivalents$464.6 $69.4 
Restricted cash6.9 2.9 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$471.5 $72.3 
Short-Term Investments
The Company had short-term investments in marketable securities with original maturities of less than one year, including U.S. Treasury securities, corporate debt securities and classified as trading.

Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption

commercial paper. The Company accounts forclassifies its common stock subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity. Common stock subject to mandatory redemption is classifiedmarketable securities as a liability instrument and is measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable common stock (including common stock that features redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control) is classified as temporary equity. At all other times, common stock is classified as stockholders’ equity. The Company’s common stock features certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of the Company’s control and subject to occurrence of uncertain future events.As of December 31, 2020, 44,885,287 shares of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption are presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the stockholders’ equity section of the Company’s balance sheet.


ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2020

Offering Costs associated with the Initial Public Offering

The Company complies with the requirements of ASC 340-10-S99-1 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5A - Expenses of Offering. Offering costs consist principally of professional and registration fees incurred through the balance sheet date that are related to the Initial Public Offering. Offering costs directly attributable to the issuance of an equity contract to be classified in equity are recorded as a reduction in equity. Offering costs for equity contracts that are classified as assets and liabilities are expensed immediately. The Company incurred offering costs amounting to $10,534,144 as a result of the Initial Public Offering (consisting of a $10,000,000 underwriting discount and $534,144 of other offering costs). The Company recorded $9,988,271 of offering costs as a reduction of equity in connection with the shares of Class A common Stock included in the Units. The Company immediately expensed $545,873 of offering costs in connection with the Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants that were classified as liabilities.

Warrant Liabilities

The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own common stock, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conductedavailable-for-sale at the time of warrant issuancepurchase and asreevaluates such classification at each balance sheet date. These marketable securities are carried at fair value, and unrealized gains and losses are recorded in other comprehensive loss in the consolidated statements of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding.

For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recordedcomprehensive loss, which is reflected as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance. For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrantsstockholders’ equity. These marketable securities are requiredassessed as to whether those with unrealized loss positions are other than temporarily impaired. The Company considers impairments to be recorded atother than temporary if they are related to deterioration in credit risk or if it is likely the securities will be sold before the recovery of their initialcost basis. If the impairment is deemed other than temporary, the security is written down to its fair value and a loss is recognized in other (expense) income, net. Realized gains and losses from the sale of marketable securities and from declines in value deemed to be other than temporary are determined based on the date of issuance,specific identification method and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changesrecognized in other (expense) income, net in the estimated fair value of the warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on theconsolidated statements of operations. The initial fair value of the Public Warrants was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation approach and the fair value of the Private Placement Warrants was estimated using a Modified Black-Scholes model (see Note 11).

Income Taxes

The Company complies with the accounting and reporting requirements of ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in future taxable or deductible amounts, based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

ASC Topic 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of December 31, 2020. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position. The Company is subject to income tax examinations by major taxing authorities since inception.

Net Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Net earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The Company has not considered the effect of the warrants sold in the Public Offering and Private Placement to purchase an aggregate of 24,666,667 shares in the calculation of diluted loss per share, since the exercise of the warrants are contingent upon the occurrence of future events and the inclusion of such warrants would be anti-dilutive.


ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2020

The Company’s statement of operations includes a presentation of income per share for common shares subject to possible redemption and applies the two-class method in calculating income per share. Net earnings per common share, basic and diluted, for Class A redeemable common stock is calculated by dividing the allocable interest income earned on the Trust Account, net of applicable franchise and income taxes, by the weighted average number of Class A redeemable common stock outstanding since original issuance. Net loss per share, basic and diluted, for Class A and Class B non-redeemable common stock is calculated by dividing the net loss, adjusted for income attributable to Class A redeemable common stock, by the weighted average number of Class B non-redeemable common stock outstanding for the period. Class B non-redeemable common stock includes the Founder Shares as these shares do not have any redemption features and do not participate in the income earned on the Trust Account.

The following table reflects the calculation of basic and diluted net earnings (loss) per common share (in dollars, except per share amounts):

  For the Period from
August 26, 2020
(Inception) through
December 31, 2020
 
Class A Common Stock subject to possible redemption    
Numerator: Earnings attributable to Class A Common Stock subject to possible redemption    
Unrealized gain on investments held in Trust Account $88,498 
Less: Unrealized gain available to be withdrawn for payment of taxes  (62,790)
Net earnings attributable to Class A Common Stock subject to possible redemption $25,708 
     
Denominator: Weighted average Class A Common Stock subject to possible redemption    
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding, Class A Common Stock subject to possible redemption  44,885,287 
Basic and diluted net earnings per share, Class A Common Stock subject to possible redemption $0.00 
     
Non-Redeemable Class A and Class B Common Stock    
Numerator: Net loss minus net earnings    
Net loss $(10,850,513)
Less: Net earnings attributable to Class A Common Stock subject to possible redemption  (25,708)
Non-redeemable net loss $(10,876,221)
     
Denominator: Weighted average Non-Redeemable Class A and Class B Common Stock    
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding, Non-Redeemable Class A and Class B Common Stock  17,614,713 
Basic and diluted net loss per share, Non-Redeemable Class A and Class B Common Stock $(0.62)

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of a cash account in a financial institution which, at times may exceed the Federal depository insurance coverage of $250,000. The Company has not experienced losses on this account and management believes the Company is not exposed to significant risks on such account.


ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2020

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Measurements

The Company applies ASCthe provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurement, which establishesdefines a single authoritative definition of fair value, sets out a framework for measuring fair value, and clarifies the definition ofexpands on required disclosures about fair value within that framework.measurements. The provisions of ASC 820 definesrelate to financial assets and liabilities as well as other assets and liabilities carried at fair value ason a recurring and nonrecurring basis. The standard clarifies that fair value is an exit price, which isrepresenting the priceamount that would be received forto sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the Company’s principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Theparticipants. As such, fair value hierarchy established in ASC 820 generally requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Observable inputs reflect theis a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing thean asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent ofliability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the reporting entity. Unobservablestandard establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs reflect the entity’s own assumptions based on market data and the entity’s judgments about the assumptions that market participants would useused in pricing the asset or liability and are to be developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.

The carrying amounts reflected in the balance sheet for cash, prepaid expenses and accrued offering costs approximatemeasuring fair value due to their short-term nature.

as follows:

Level 1 — Assets and liabilities with unadjusted, quoted prices listed on active market exchanges. Inputs to the fair value measurement are observable inputs, such asUnadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

liabilities accessible to the reporting entity at the measurement date.

Level 2Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Level 3Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date.
The carrying amounts of the Company’s cash, accounts payable, accrued compensation, and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments.
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following tables present information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value (in millions):

As of December 31, 2023
DescriptionLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds$339.6 $— $— $339.6 
Liabilities:
Warrant liability – public warrants$25.4 $— $— $25.4 
Warrant liability – private placement warrants$— $— $14.5 $14.5 
Accrued technology and dispute resolutions agreements liability$— $— $44.0 $44.0 

As of December 31, 2022
DescriptionLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds$6.1 $— $— $6.1 
Short-term investments:
U.S. Treasury securities$316.6 $— $— $316.6 
Corporate debt securities$— $20.1 $— $20.1 
Commercial paper$— $125.1 $— $125.1 
Liabilities:
Warrant liability – public warrants$4.5 $— $— $4.5 
Warrant liability – private placement warrants$— $— $2.5 $2.5 

Cash Equivalents
The Company’s cash equivalents consist of short-term, highly liquid financial instruments that are readily convertible to cash and have maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase. The Company classifies its money market funds as Level 1, because they are valued based on quoted market prices in active markets.
Short-Term Investments
The Company’s short-term investments consisted of high quality, investment grade marketable securities and were classified as available-for-sale. The Company classifies its investments in U.S. Treasury securities as Level 1, because they are valued using quoted market prices in active markets. The Company classifies its investments in corporate debt securities and commercial paper as Level 2, because they are valued using inputs other than quoted prices which are directly or indirectly observable in the market, including readily available pricing sources for the identical underlying security which may not be actively traded.
The following tables present a summary of the Company’s cash equivalents and short-term investments as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in millions):
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Archer Aviation Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023
DescriptionAmortized CostUnrealized GainsUnrealized LossesFair Value
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds$339.6 $— $— $339.6 
Total$339.6 $— $— $339.6 

As of December 31, 2022
DescriptionAmortized CostUnrealized GainsUnrealized LossesFair Value
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds$6.1 $— $— $6.1 
Short-term investments:
U.S. Treasury securities317.4 — (0.8)316.6 
Corporate debt securities20.1 — — 20.1 
Commercial paper125.1 — — 125.1 
Total$468.7 $— $(0.8)$467.9 

The unrealized losses related to the Company’s short-term investments were primarily due to changes in interest rates and not due to increased credit risk or other valuation concerns. The Company had no other-than-temporary impairments for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
Public Warrants
The measurement of the public warrants as of December 31, 2023 is classified as Level 1 due to the use of an observable market quote in an active market under the ticker “ACHR WS”. The quoted price of the public warrants was $1.46 and $0.26 per warrant as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Private Placement Warrants
The Company utilizes a Monte Carlo simulation model for the private placement warrants at each reporting period, with changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. The estimated fair value of the private placement warrant liability is determined using Level 3 inputs. Inherent in a Monte Carlo simulation model are assumptions related to expected share-price volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate, and dividend yield.
The key inputs into the Monte Carlo simulation model for the private placement warrants are as follows:
InputDecember 31,
2023
December 31,
2022
Stock price$6.14 $1.87 
Strike price$11.50 $11.50 
Dividend yield0.00 %0.00 %
Term (in years)2.713.71
Volatility70.15 %75.00 %
Risk-free rate4.03 %4.14 %
Accrued Technology and Dispute Resolution Agreements Liability
Under the Technology and Dispute Resolution Agreements, the Company recognized an accrued technology and dispute resolution agreements liability related to the unvested warrants for the Second Tranche (capitalized terms defined below). See Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies for further details. The Company utilizes a Monte Carlo simulation model for the accrued technology and dispute resolution agreements liability at each reporting period, with changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. The estimated fair value of the accrued technology and dispute resolution agreements
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
liability is determined using Level 3 inputs. Inherent in a Monte Carlo simulation model are assumptions related to expected share-price volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate, and dividend yield.
The key inputs into the Monte Carlo simulation model for the accrued technology and dispute resolution agreements liability are as follows:

InputDecember 31,
2023
Stock price$6.14 
Strike price$0.01 
Dividend yield0.00 %
Term (in years)0.11
Volatility60.00 %
Risk-free rate5.40 %

The following table presents the change in fair value of the Company’s Level 3 private placement warrants and accrued technology and dispute resolution agreements liability during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in millions):

Balance as of December 31, 2021$10.1 
Change in fair value(7.6)
Balance as of December 31, 20222.5 
Additions: accrued technology and dispute resolution agreements liability48.0 
Change in fair value8.0 
Balance as of December 31, 2023 (1)
$58.5 
(1) As of December 31, 2023, $14.5 million and $44.0 million were recorded within warrant liabilities and accrued expenses and other current liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets.
In connection with changes in the fair value of the Company’s public and private placement warrants, the Company recognized a loss of$32.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 and a gain of$23.3 million and $10.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, within other (expense) income, net in the consolidated statements of operations. Refer to Note 12 - Liability Classified Warrants for additional information about the public and private placement warrants.
In connection with the change in fair value of the accrued technology and dispute resolution agreements liability, the Company recognized a gain of $4.0 million within general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations during the year ended December 31, 2023. Refer to Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies for additional information about the accrued technology and dispute resolution agreements liability.
Financial Instruments Not Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Certain financial instruments, including debt, are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis in the consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of debt as of December 31, 2023 approximates its carrying value (Level 2). Refer to Note 7 - Notes Payable for additional information.
Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
Certain assets and liabilities are subject to measurement at fair value on a non-recurring basis if there are indicators of impairment or if they are deemed to be impaired as a result of an impairment review.
Intangible Assets, Net
Intangible assets consist solely of domain names and are recorded at cost, net of accumulated amortization, and if applicable, impairment charges. Amortization of domain names is provided over a 15-year estimated useful life on a straight-line basis or based on the pattern in which economic benefits are consumed, if reliably determinable. The Company reviews
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company has analyzed a variety of factors to determine if any circumstance could trigger an impairment loss, and, at this time and based on the information presently known, no event has occurred and indicated that it is more likely than not that an impairment loss has been incurred. Therefore, the Company did not record any impairment charges for its intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the net carrying amounts for domain names were $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively, and were recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for major renewals and betterment are capitalized, while minor replacements, maintenance, and repairs, which do not extend the asset lives, are charged to operations as incurred. Upon sale or disposition, the cost and related accumulated depreciation is removed from the accounts, and any difference between the selling price and net carrying amount is recorded as a gain or loss in the consolidated statements of operations.
Depreciation on property and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
Useful Life
(In years)
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment5
Vehicles5
Computer hardware3
Computer software3
Website design2
Leasehold improvementsShorter of lease term or the asset standard life
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company reviews its long-lived assets, consisting primarily of property and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Such triggering events or changes in circumstances may include: a significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset, a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which a long-lived asset is being or intended to be used, a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, the impact of competition or other factors that could affect the value of a long-lived asset, a significant adverse deterioration in the amount of revenue or cash flows expected to be generated from an asset group, an accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or development of a long-lived asset, current or future operating or cash flow losses that demonstrate continuing losses associated with the use of a long-lived asset, or a current expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. The Company performs impairment testing at the asset group level that represents the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. Recoverability of these assets is determined by comparing the forecasted undiscounted cash flows attributable to such assets including any cash flows upon their eventual disposition to their carrying value. If the carrying value of the assets exceeds the forecasted undiscounted cash flows, then the assets are written down to their fair value. The Company did not identify any events or changes in circumstances that would indicate that the Company’s long-lived assets may be impaired and therefore determined there was no impairment of long-lived assets during all periods presented.
Cloud Computing Arrangements
The Company capitalizes certain implementation costs incurred in the application development stage of projects related to its cloud computing arrangements that are service contracts. Capitalized implementation costs are recognized in other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheets and amortized on a straight-line basis over the fixed, noncancellable term of the
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
associated hosting arrangement plus any reasonably certain renewal periods. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation activities are expensed as incurred. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the net carrying amounts of the Company’s capitalized cloud computing implementation costs were $6.4 million and $3.7 million, respectively.
Contract Liabilities
The Company records contract liabilities related to differences between the timing of cash receipts from the customer and the recognition of revenue. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s contract liability balances were $10.8 million and $10.0 million, respectively, and recorded in other long-term liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s contract liabilities consisted of a $10.0 million pre-delivery payment received from United Airlines, Inc. (“United”) under the terms of the Amended United Purchase Agreement (defined below) (see Note 10 - Stock-Based Compensation), and a $0.8 million installment payment received under a contract order with the United States Air Force for the design, development, and ground test of the Company’s production aircraft, Midnight. As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s contract liabilities consisted of the $10.0 million pre-delivery payment received from United, as discussed above. No revenues were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
Operating Expenses
Research and Development
Research and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred and are primarily comprised of personnel-related costs including salaries, bonuses, benefits, and stock-based compensation for employees focused on R&D activities, costs associated with building prototype aircraft, other related costs, depreciation, and an allocation of general overhead. R&D efforts focus on the design and development of the Company’s eVTOL aircraft, including certain of the systems that are used in it.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses are primarily comprised of personnel-related costs including salaries, bonuses, benefits, and stock-based compensation for employees associated with the Company’s administrative services such as finance, legal, human resources, and information technology, other related costs, depreciation, and an allocation of general overhead. General and administrative expenses include non-cash charges relating to the Technology and Dispute Resolution Agreements (defined below) for the year ended December 31, 2023 and stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock units (“RSUs”) granted to the Company’s founders pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Business Combination Agreement immediately prior to closing (the “Founder Grants”) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Refer to Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies and Note 10 - Stock-Based Compensation for additional information.
Other Warrant Expense
Other warrant expense consists entirely of non-cash expense related to the warrants issued in conjunction with the execution of the purchase agreement (“United Purchase Agreement”), collaboration agreement (“United Collaboration Agreement”), and warrant agreement (“United Warrant Agreement”) with United. Refer to Note 10 - Stock-Based Compensation for additional information.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company’s stock-based compensation awards consist of options granted to employees and non-employees and RSUs granted to employees, directors, and non-employees that convert into shares of the Company’s Class A common stock upon vesting. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. ASC 718 requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all stock-based compensation awards made to employees, directors, and non-employees to be based on the grant date fair values of the awards.
The Company estimates the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The value of the award is recognized as expense over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Determining the grant date fair value of the awards using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires management to make assumptions and judgments, including but not limited to the following:
Expected term— InputsThe estimate of the expected term of employee awards is determined in accordance with the simplified method, which estimates the term based on an averaging of the vesting period and contractual term of the option grant. The Company uses the contractual term for non-employee awards.
Expected volatility — Since the Company does not have sufficient historical data on the volatility of its common stock, the expected volatility used is based on the volatility of similar entities (referred to as “guideline companies”) for a period consistent with the expected term of the award.
Risk-free interest rate — The risk-free interest rate used to value awards is based on the United States Treasury yield in effect at the time of grant for a period consistent with the expected term of the award.
Dividend yield — The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends and does not presently plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
Forfeiture rate — The Company has elected to account for forfeitures as they occur and will record stock-based compensation expense assuming all option holders will complete the requisite service period. If an employee forfeits an award because they fail to complete the requisite service period, the Company will reverse stock-based compensation expense previously recognized in the period the award is forfeited.
The Company has not issued any stock options since the closing of the Business Combination.
Fair Value of Common Stock
The Company’s Board of Directors grants stock options with exercise prices equal to the fair value measurementof the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.
Prior to the closing of the Business Combination, the Company determined the fair value of its common stock at the time of the grant of stock options in accordance with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“AICPA”) Accounting and Valuation Guide: Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation (the “AICPA Practice Aid”). The Company determined the fair value of its common stock based on a variety of factors including, but not limited to (i) the results of contemporaneous independent third-party valuations of the Company’s common stock and the prices, rights, preferences and privileges of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock relative to those of the Company’s common stock; (ii) the lack of marketability of the Company’s common stock; (iii) actual operating and financial results; (iv) current business conditions and projections; (v) the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event, such as an IPO or sale of the Company, given prevailing market conditions; and (vi) precedent transactions involving the Company’s shares.
As provided in the AICPA Practice Aid, there are several approaches for setting the value of an enterprise and various methodologies for allocating the value of an enterprise to its outstanding equity. The Company determined the fair value of equity awards using a combination of the market and income approach. Within the market approach, the guideline public company method was used, which employs the use of ratios developed from the market price of traded shares from publicly traded companies considered reasonably similar to the Company. Under the income approach, the enterprise value was estimated using the discounted cash flow method, which involves estimating the future cash flows of a business for a discrete period and discounting them to their present value. In allocating enterprise value to the Company’s outstanding equity, the Company applied a hybrid approach, which consisted of the option pricing method (“OPM”) and probability-weighted expected return method (“PWERM”). The OPM treats securities, including debt, common and preferred stock, as call options on the enterprise’s value, with exercise prices based on the securities’ respective liquidation preferences and conversion values. The PWERM estimates the fair market value of the common stock based on an analysis of future values for recently tradedthe enterprise assuming various exit scenarios, such as IPO, merger or sale, staying private, and liquidation. Since there was no active market for the Company’s common stock, the Company also applied a discount for lack of marketability for both OPM and PWERM scenarios.
In conducting the valuations, the Company considered all objective and subjective factors that the Company believed to be relevant in the valuation conducted, including management’s best estimate of the Company’s business condition, and prospects and operating performance at the valuation dates. There are significant judgments and estimates inherent in these valuations.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Since the closing of the Business Combination, the fair value of the Company’s common stock is based on the closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock, as quoted on the NYSE, on the date of grant.
Leases
The Company accounts for leases in accordance with ASC 842, Leases, and determines if an arrangement is a lease at its inception. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and liabilities with similar underlying terms, as well as direct or indirect observable inputs, such asare recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company uses its estimated incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments considering the term of the lease, which is derived from information available at the lease commencement date. The incremental borrowing rate is the rate of interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

Level 3 — Inputsthe Company would have to pay to borrow, on a collateralized basis, an amount equal to the fair value measurementlease payments for a term similar to the lease term in a similar economic environment as the lease. The lease term includes renewal options when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised and excludes termination options. To the extent that the Company’s agreements have variable lease payments, the Company includes variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate and excludes those that depend on facts or circumstances occurring after the commencement date, other than the passage of time.

Lease expense for leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities that arise from short-term (12 months or less) leases for any class of underlying asset. In addition, the Company has elected as an accounting policy, the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components within a contract and instead treat it as a single lease component. Operating leases are unobservable inputs, such as estimates, assumptions,included in ROU assets, current portion of lease liabilities, and valuation techniques when little or no market data existslease liabilities, net of current portion in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for its income taxes using the assets or liabilities.

See Note 11 for additional information onasset and liability method whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the basis used for financial reporting and income tax reporting purposes. Deferred income taxes are provided based on the enacted tax rates in effect at the time such temporary differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will not realize those tax assets through future operations. Significant judgment is applied when assessing the need for valuation allowances and includes the evaluation of historical income (loss) adjusted for the effects of non-recurring items. Areas of estimation include consideration of future taxable income. The Company has placed a full valuation allowance against its federal and state deferred tax assets since the recovery of the assets is uncertain. Should a change in circumstances lead to a change in judgment about the utilization of deferred tax assets in future years, the adjustment related to valuation allowances would be reported as an increase to income.

The Company utilizes the guidance in ASC 740-10, Income Taxes, to account for uncertain tax positions. ASC 740-10 contains a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates it is more-likely-than-not that the positions will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount which is more-likely-than-not of being realized and effectively settled. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits, which may require periodic adjustments and which may not accurately forecast actual outcomes. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions, if any, in the income tax provision.
Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. For all periods presented, the calculation of basic net loss per share excludes shares issued upon the early exercise of stock options where the vesting conditions have not been satisfied. Common stock purchased pursuant to an early exercise of stock options is not deemed to be outstanding for accounting purposes until those shares vest. The Company also excludes unvested shares subject to repurchase in the number of shares outstanding in the consolidated balance sheets and statements of stockholders’ equity.
Because the Company reported net losses for all periods presented, diluted loss per share is the same as basic loss per share.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Contingently issuable shares, including equity awards with performance conditions, are considered outstanding common shares and included in the computation of basic net loss per share as of the date that all necessary conditions to earn the awards have been satisfied. Prior to the end of the contingency period, the number of contingently issuable shares included in diluted net loss per share is based on the number of shares, if any, that would be issuable under the terms of the arrangement at the end of the reporting period.
Because the Company reported net losses for all periods presented, all potentially dilutive common stock equivalents are antidilutive and have been excluded from the calculation of net loss per share. The diluted net loss per common share was the same for Class A and Class B common shares because they are entitled to the same liquidation and dividend rights.
The following table presents the number of antidilutive shares excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share:
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
Options to purchase common stock3,174,114 5,335,974 9,444,221 
Unvested restricted stock units33,397,483 45,021,632 38,124,396 
Warrants52,011,560 30,558,565 32,519,357 
Shares issuable under the employee stock purchase plan (Note 10)931,412 712,838 — 
Total89,514,569 81,629,009 80,087,974 
Segments
Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate financial information is available and that is regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. The Company has determined that it operates as a single operating segment and one reportable segment, as the CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources, and evaluating financial performance. Given the Company’s pre-revenue operating stage, it currently has no concentration exposure to products, services, or customers.
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss includes all changes in equity during the period from non-owner sources. The Company’s comprehensive loss consists of its net loss and its unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The ASU simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments by removing certain separation models in ASC 470-20, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options, for convertible instruments. The ASU updates the guidance on certain embedded conversion features that are not required to be accounted for as derivatives under Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or that do not result in substantial premiums accounted for as paid-in capital, such that those features are no longer required to be separated from the host contract. The convertible debt instruments will be accounted for as a single liability measured at fair value.

Recent Accounting Standards

Management doesamortized cost. Further, the ASU made amendments to the Earnings Per Share (“EPS”) guidance in Topic 260, Earnings Per Share for convertible instruments, the most significant impact of which is requiring the use of the if-converted method for diluted EPS calculation, and no longer allowing the net share settlement method. The ASU also made revisions to Topic 815-40, which provides guidance on how an entity must determine whether a contract qualifies for a scope exception from derivative accounting. The amendments to Topic 815-40 change the scope of contracts that are recognized as assets or liabilities. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 effective January 1, 2023. The adoption of this guidance did not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effectimpact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 4. INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands reportable segment disclosure requirements through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses, interim segment profit or loss and assets, and how the CODM uses reported segment profit or loss information in assessing segment performance and allocating resources. The registration statementupdate is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 on a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the Company’s Initial Public Offeringimpact of ASU 2023-07 on its disclosures within its consolidated financial statements.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires disclosure of incremental income tax information related to the income tax rate reconciliation and expanded disclosures of income taxes paid, among other disclosure requirements. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 on a prospective basis, and retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2023-09 on its disclosures within its consolidated financial statements.

Note 4 - Reverse Recapitalization and Related Transactions

Upon the consummation of the Business Combination on September 16, 2021, in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Business Combination Agreement, all issued and outstanding Legacy Archer common stock was declared effective on October 27, 2020. On October 30, 2020,converted into shares of common stock of New Archer at an exchange ratio of 1.00656519 (the “Exchange Ratio”). Additionally, upon closing the Company completed its Initial Public OfferingBusiness Combination, Legacy Archer received $257.6 million in cash proceeds released from Atlas’ trust account, after redemptions of 50,000,000 Units, at $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds$242.4 million. At the closing of $500,000,000. Each Unit consistedthe Business Combination, each non-redeemed outstanding share of Atlas Class A common stock was converted into one share of Class A common stock $0.0001 parof New Archer.

Upon consummation of the Business Combination, the shares of Legacy Archer held by Legacy Archer stockholders converted into 124,735,762 shares of common stock of New Archer, including 54,987,838 shares of Class A common stock and 69,747,924 shares of Class B common stock.

While the legal acquirer in the Business Combination was Atlas, for accounting and financial reporting purposes under U.S. GAAP, Legacy Archer is the accounting acquirer and the Business Combination was accounted for as a “reverse recapitalization.” A reverse recapitalization does not result in a new basis of accounting, and the financial statements of the combined entity represent the continuation of the financial statements of Legacy Archer in many respects. Under this method of accounting, Atlas was treated as the “acquired” company. Accordingly, the consolidated assets, liabilities, and results of operations of Legacy Archer became the historical financial statements of New Archer, and Atlas’ assets and liabilities were consolidated with Legacy Archer’s on the Closing Date. Operations prior to the Business Combination are presented as those of New Archer in reports subsequent to the Closing Date. The net assets of Atlas were recognized at their carrying value immediately prior to the closing of the Business Combination with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded and one-thirdwere as follows, net of onetransaction costs (in millions):

Cash$201.8 
Warrant liability(39.5)
Net assets acquired$162.3 

The Company accounted for the Business Combination as a tax-free reorganization.

Additionally, as part of the recapitalization, 1,875,000 shares of Atlas Class A common stock held by Atlas Crest Investment LLC (the “Atlas Sponsor”) were exchanged with 1,875,000 shares of New Archer Class A common stock that will be subject to forfeiture if the vesting condition is not met over the three-year term following the Closing Date. The vesting condition states that these earn-out shares of New Archer Class A common stock will vest if the New Archer’s Class A common stock volume weighted-average price, as defined in the Amended and Restated Sponsor Letter Agreement, by and among Atlas Sponsor, Atlas, Legacy Archer, and the individuals named therein, is greater than or equal to $12.00 per share for any period of ten (10) trading days out of twenty (20) consecutive trading days.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The earn-out shares were recognized at fair value upon the closing of the Business Combination and classified in stockholders’ equity (with no net impact to additional paid-in-capital) since the earn-out shares were determined to be indexed to the Company’s own equity and meet the requirements for equity classification.

Pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, all of the issued and outstanding series seed redeemable convertible preferred stock and series A redeemable convertible preferred stock converted into 64,884,120 shares of Legacy Archer common stock immediately prior to the Business Combination. Then, as of the closing of the Business Combination, all outstanding shares of Legacy Archer common stock converted into 124,735,762 shares of New Archer Class A and B common stock. Additionally, each of Legacy Archer options, RSUs, and warrants that were outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Business Combination remained outstanding and converted into options, RSUs, and warrants for New Archer Class A and Class B common stock equal to the number of the Company’s common stock, subject to such options, RSUs, or warrants, multiplied by the Exchange Ratio at an exercise price per share equal to the current exercise price per share for such option or warrant (“Public Warrant”divided by the Exchange Ratio, with the aggregate number of shares of New Archer Class A and B common stock issuable upon exercise of such options, RSUs, and warrants to be 60,260,483. Additionally, 10,004,612 of outstanding RSUs vested at the closing of the Business Combination into New Archer Class B common stock.

Substantially concurrently with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, Atlas entered into Subscription Agreements (the “Subscription Agreements”) with certain investors in the PIPE Financing (the “Subscription Investors”). Pursuant to the Subscription Agreements, the Subscription Investors agreed to purchase, and Atlas agreed to sell to the Subscription Investors, an aggregate of 60,000,000 shares of New Archer Class A common stock for a purchase price of $10.00 per share, or an aggregate of $600.0 million in gross cash proceeds. Pursuant to the Subscription Agreements, Atlas granted certain registration rights to the Subscription Investors with respect to the shares issued and sold in the PIPE Financing. The closing of the PIPE Financing occurred immediately prior to the closing of the Business Combination. In conjunction with the PIPE Financing, 1,512,500 shares of New Archer Class A common stock were issued to satisfy certain fees related to the Business Combination and PIPE Financing.

The number of shares of common stock issued immediately following the consummation of the Business Combination were as follows:
Number of shares
Class A and B common stock outstanding on July 1, 202152,572,374
Common stock issued through option exercises between July 1, 2021 and September 16, 20214,738,344
Vesting of unvested shares between July 1, 2021 and September 16, 20212,540,925
Common stock outstanding prior to the Business Combination59,851,643
Conversion of preferred stock64,884,120
Common stock attributable to Atlas36,385,693
Adjustment related to reverse recapitalization*101,269,813
Restricted stock units vested at closing10,004,612
Common stock attributable to PIPE Financing61,512,500
Total shares of common stock as of closing of the Business Combination and related transactions as of September 16, 2021232,638,568

* The corresponding adjustment to additional paid-in-capital related to the reverse recapitalization was comprised of (i) $162.3 million which represents the fair value of the consideration transferred in the Business Combination, less the excess of the fair value of the shares issued over the value of the net monetary assets of Atlas, net of transaction costs and (ii) $61.5 million which represents the conversion of the convertible preferred stock into New Archer Class A and Class B common stock.

At the Closing Date, Legacy Archer had 56,390,023 outstanding options and RSUs under the 2019 Plan (as defined below) in addition to 13,112,602 outstanding warrants, which remained outstanding and converted into 70,265,095 options, RSUs, and warrants in New Archer Class A or B common stock, as derived by multiplying the number of Legacy Archer common stock subject to such option or warrant by the Exchange Ratio. In addition, of the RSUs outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Business Combination, 10,004,612 vested at closing into New Archer Class B common stock. The options and warrants
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
shall be exercised at an exercise price per share equal to the current exercise price per share for such option or warrant divided by the Exchange Ratio.

Following the Business Combination, Atlas’ warrants to purchase 24,666,667 shares of New Archer Class A common stock, consisting of (i) 16,666,667 public warrants listed on the NYSE and (ii) 8,000,000 private warrants, each with an exercise price of $11.50 per share, remained outstanding.

As part of the closing, total direct and incremental transaction costs aggregated $81.8 million, of which $10.9 million was expensed as part of the Business Combination, $55.8 million was recorded to additional paid-in-capital as equity issuance costs, and the remaining $15.1 million was settled through the issuance of shares of New Archer Class A common stock.
Note 5 - Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following (in millions):
As of December 31,
20232022
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment$7.9 $1.5 
Vehicles0.1 — 
Computer hardware5.3 4.5 
Computer software1.5 0.7 
Website design0.8 0.7 
Leasehold improvements33.0 2.9 
Construction in progress18.4 4.8 
Total property and equipment67.0 15.1 
Less: Accumulated depreciation(9.4)(3.6)
Total property and equipment, net$57.6 $11.5 
Construction in progress includes costs incurred for the Company’s manufacturing facilities to be constructed in Covington, Georgia and other assets that have not yet been placed in service.
The following table presents depreciation expense included in each respective expense category in the consolidated statements of operations (in millions):
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
Research and development$5.3 $2.3 $0.9 
General and administrative0.5 0.8 0.4 
Total depreciation expense$5.8 $3.1 $1.3 
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 6 - Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in millions):
As of December 31,
20232022
Accrued professional fees$9.5 $17.2 
Accrued employee costs16.7 7.8 
Accrued parts and materials12.1 5.2 
Taxes payable1.4 0.3 
Accrued capital expenditures9.2 2.9 
Accrued cloud computing implementation costs0.3 2.0 
Accrued marketing fees— 0.2 
Accrued technology and dispute resolution agreements liability (Note 8)
44.0 — 
Other current liabilities3.7 1.1 
Total$96.9 $36.7 
Note 7 - Notes Payable
The Company’s notes payable consisted of the following (in millions):
As of December 31,
20232022
Synovus Bank Loan$7.5 $— 
Loan unamortized discount and loan issuance costs(0.3)— 
Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) Term Loans— 10.0 
Term Loans unamortized discount and loan issuance costs— (0.7)
Total debt, net of discount and loan issuance costs7.2 9.3 
Less current portion, net of discount and loan issuance costs— (9.3)
Total long-term notes payable, net of discount and loan issuance costs$7.2 $— 

Synovus Bank Loan

On October 5, 2023, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Synovus Bank, as administrative agent and lender, and the additional lenders (the “Lenders”) from time to time. The Company may request the Lenders to provide multiple term loan advances (together, the “Loan”) in an aggregate principal amount of up to $65.0 million for the construction and development of the Company’s manufacturing facility in Covington, Georgia.

The Company is required to make 120 monthly interest payments from November 14, 2023 until maturity, and 84 equal monthly principal installments from November 14, 2026 until maturity. The Credit Agreement matures on the earlier of October 5, 2033 or the date on which the outstanding Loan has been declared or automatically becomes due and payable pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement.

The interest rate on the Loan is a floating rate per annum equal to secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus the applicable margin of 2.00%, which increases by 5% per annum upon the occurrence of an event of default.

The Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by funds in a collateral account. Two of its direct subsidiaries are required to guarantee the Credit Agreement. The Company may prepay with certain premium that links to the passage of time, and in certain circumstances would be required to prepay the Loan under the Credit Agreement without payment of a premium. The Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, customary affirmative and
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negative covenants, and customary events of default. As of December 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all the covenants of the Credit Agreement.

The Company has drawn down $7.5 million of the Loan as of December 31, 2023. The effective interest rate for the draw downs ranged from 7.66% to 8.17% as of December 31, 2023. The Company incurred issuance costs of $0.3 million related to the loan outstanding as of December 31, 2023. The loan issuance costs will be amortized to interest expense over the contractual term of the Loan. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized interest expense of $0.1 million, including an immaterial amount related to the amortization of issuance costs within interest income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. The carrying value of the Loan, net of unamortized issuance costs of $0.3 million was $7.2 million as of December 31, 2023.

The future scheduled principal maturities of the Loan as of December 31, 2023 are as follows (in millions):

2024$— 
2025— 
20260.1 
20270.3 
20280.3 
2029 and thereafter6.8 
$7.5 
SVB Loan
On July 9, 2021, the Company, as the borrower, entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan and Security Agreement”) with SVB and SVB Innovation Credit Fund VIII, L.P. (“SVB Innovation”) as the lenders, and SVB as the collateral agent. The total principal amount of the loans is $20.0 million (the “Term Loans”), and all obligations due under the Term Loans are collateralized by all of the Company’s right, title, and interest in and to its specified personal property in favor of the collateral agent. The Term Loans include events of default and covenant provisions, whereby accelerated repayment may result if the Company were to default. On January 1, 2022, the Company began repaying the Term Loans, which are payable in 24 equal monthly installments, including principal and interest. The interest rate on the loans is a floating rate per annum equal to the greater of (i) 8.5% and (ii) the Prime Rate plus the Prime Rate Margin (each as defined in the Loan and Security Agreement), which increases by 2% per annum upon the occurrence of an event of default. The effective interest rate as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were 10.20%, 9.40% and 9.02%, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized interest expense of $0.6 million, $1.5 million and $0.9 million, respectively.
Additionally, in conjunction with the issuance of the Term Loans, the Company issued 366,140 warrants to SVB and 366,140 warrants to SVB Innovation, totaling 732,280 warrants. The Company issued the warrants to the lenders as consideration for entering into the Term Loans, representing a loan issuance fee. Each Public Warrant entitleswarrant provides SVB and SVB Innovation with the holderright to purchase one share of the Company’s Class A common stock. The Company recorded the warrants as liabilities at their fair value and adjusts the warrants to fair value at each reporting period. This liability is subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date until exercised, and any change in fair value is recognized as a gain or loss in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The initial offsetting entry to the warrant liability was a debt discount recorded to reflect the loan issuance fee. See Note 12 - Liability Classified Warrants for further details. Effective March 27, 2023, the Term Loans and warrants were assigned to and assumed by First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company on the original terms and conditions of the financial instruments.
Upon the closing of the Business Combination, the SVB warrants became public warrants. The subsequent measurement of the SVB warrants as of December 31, 2023 is classified as Level 1 due to the use of an observable market quote in an active market under the ticker “ACHR WS”. The quoted price of the public warrants was $1.46 as of December 31, 2023.
During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized interest expense of $0.7 million, $0.5 million and $0.2 million related to the amortization of the discount and loan issuance costs, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the Term Loans were fully repaid and the discount and loan issuance costs were fully amortized.
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Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies
Operating Leases
The Company leases office, lab, hangar, and storage facilities under various operating lease agreements with lease periods expiring between 2024 and 2030 and generally containing periodic rent increases and various renewal and termination options.
The Company’s lease costs were as follows (in millions):
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
Operating lease cost$5.7 $5.8 $2.1 
Short-term lease cost0.6 0.2 — 
Total lease cost$6.3 $6.0 $2.1 
The Company’s weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:
20232022
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in months)5846
Weighted-average discount rate14.74 %13.78 %
The minimum aggregate future obligations under the Company’s non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2023 were as follows (in millions):
2024$5.5 
20255.1 
20264.6 
20272.2 
20282.2 
Thereafter4.4 
Total future lease payments24.0 
Less: leasehold improvement allowance(0.7)
Total net future lease payments23.3 
Less: imputed interest(7.3)
Present value of future lease payments$16.0 
Supplemental cash flow information and non-cash activities related to right-of-use assets and lease liabilities were as follows (in millions):
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
Operating cash outflows from operating leases$5.0 $4.3 $1.9 
Operating lease liabilities from obtaining right-of-use assets0.6 11.7 3.6 
Finance Lease
In February 2023, the Company entered into a lease arrangement with the Newton County Industrial Development Authority (the “Authority”) for the Company’s manufacturing facilities to be constructed in Covington, Georgia. In connection with the lease arrangement, the Authority issued a taxable revenue bond (the “Bond”), which was acquired by the Company. The arrangement is structured so that the Company’s lease payments to the Authority equal and offset the Authority’s bond
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payments to the Company. Accordingly, the Company offsets the finance lease obligation and the Bond on its consolidated balance sheets.
Letters of Credit
On February 28, 2023, in conjunction with a project agreement that the Company entered into with the City of Covington and the Authority for the Company’s manufacturing facilities to be constructed in Covington, Georgia, the Company entered into a standby letter of credit in the amount of $3.5 million in favor of the City of Covington, to guarantee certain performance obligations. The standby letter of credit expires on March 31, 2035.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had standby letters of credit in the aggregate outstanding amount of $5.9 million, secured with restricted cash.
Litigation
During the ordinary course of the business, the Company may be subject to legal proceedings, various claims, and litigation. Such proceedings can be costly, time consuming, and unpredictable, and therefore, no assurance can be given that the final outcome of such proceedings will not materially impact the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.
Wisk Litigation and Settlement
On April 6, 2021, Wisk Aero LLC (“Wisk”) brought a lawsuit against the Company in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California (the “District Court”) alleging misappropriation of trade secrets and patent infringement. The Company has filed certain counterclaims for defamation, tortious interference and unfair competition.

On August 10, 2023, the Company, the Boeing Company (“Boeing”) and Wisk entered into the Technology and Dispute Resolution Agreements (as defined below), which provided for, among other things, the resolution of the federal and state court litigation between the parties.
On August 10, 2023, the Company, Boeing and Wisk entered into a series of agreements that provide for, among other things, for certain investments by Boeing into the Company and an autonomous flight technology collaboration between Wisk and the Company, the issuance of certain warrants to Wisk and resolution of the federal and state court litigation between the parties (the “Technology and Dispute Resolution Agreements”).

Pursuant to a private placement transaction entered into by the Company on August 10, 2023, Boeing subscribed to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”) (the “First Boeing Investment”), and received registration rights with respect to such shares of Common Stock and the shares of Common Stock underlying the Warrant (as defined below) pursuant to a registration rights agreement.

Pursuant to the Technology and Dispute Resolution Agreements, the Company issued Wisk a warrant to purchase up to 13,176,895 shares of Common Stock with an exercise price of $0.01 per share (the “Wisk Warrant”). The Wisk Warrant shall vest and be exercisable as follows: (i) immediately as to 4,512,636 shares, underlying the Wisk Warrant (the “Initial Vested Share Tranche”) and (ii) for up to 8,664,259 shares (the “Second Tranche”) underlying the Wisk Warrant as determined six months from the effective date of the Warrant (the “Specified Date”). The extent to which the Second Tranche vests is based on the value of the First Boeing Investment and the shares underlying the Initial Vested Share Tranche as of the Specified Date. The companies are in discussions regarding certain terms under the Technology and Dispute Resolution Agreements, including any vesting under the Second Tranche and what, if any, additional value may be provided to Wisk.

The Company recorded the Initial Vested Share Tranche within equity at its fair value. The Company recognized technology and dispute resolution agreements expense for the Initial Vested Share Tranche upon issuance. The Company recorded the Second Tranche as liabilities at their fair value and adjusts the warrants to fair value at each reporting period. This liability is subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date until exercised, and any change in fair value is recognized as a gain or loss in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The initial offsetting entry to the warrant liability was technology and dispute resolution agreements expense. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded a $70.3 million non-cash charge in general and administrative expenses consisting of a $26.3 million non-cash charge associated
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with the Initial Vested Share Tranche and a $44.0 million non-cash charge for the unvested portion of the Wisk Warrant that is subject to the vesting criteria described above and may never be realized.
Note 9 - Preferred and Common Stock
Preferred Stock
As of December 31, 2023, no shares of preferred stock were outstanding, and the Company has no present plans to issue any shares of preferred stock.

Class A and Class B Common Stock
Except for voting rights and conversion rights, or as otherwise required by applicable law, the shares of the Company’s Class A common stock and Class B common stock have the same powers, preferences, and rights and rank equally, share ratable and are identical in all respects as to all matters. The rights, privileges, and preferences are as follows:
Voting
Holders of the Company’s Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon by the stockholders, and holders of Class B common stock are entitled to ten votes per share on all matters to be voted upon by the stockholders. The holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock will generally vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders, unless otherwise required by Delaware law or the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation.
Dividends
Holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are entitled to receive such dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by the Company’s Board of Directors in its discretion out of funds legally available therefor. No dividends on common stock have been declared by the Company’s Board of Directors through December 31, 2023, and the Company does not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.
Preemptive Rights
Stockholders have no preemptive or other subscription rights and there are no sinking fund or redemption provisions applicable to Class A common stock and Class B common stock.
Conversion
Each share of Class B common stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holder into one share of Class A common stock. In addition, each share of Class B common stock will automatically convert into one share of Class A common stock upon transfer to a non-authorized holder. In addition, Class B common stock is subject to “sunset” provisions, under which all shares of Class B common stock will automatically convert into an equal number of shares of Class A common stock upon the earliest to occur of (i) the ten-year anniversary of the closing of the Business Combination, (ii) the date specified by the holders of two-thirds of the then outstanding Class B common stock, voting as a separate class, and (iii) when the number of Class B common stock represents less than 10% of the aggregate number of Class A common stock and Class B common stock then outstanding. In addition, each share of Class B common stock will automatically convert into an equal number of Class A common stock upon the earliest to occur of (a) in the case of a founder of the Company, the date that is nine months following the death or incapacity of such founder, and, in the case of any other holder, the date of the death or incapacity of such holder, (b) in the case of a founder of the Company, the date that is 12 months following the date that such founder ceases to provide services to the Company and its subsidiaries as an executive officer, employee or director of the Company, and, in the case of any other holder, immediately at the occurrence of any such event, and (c) in the case of a founder of the Company or any other holder, at least 80% (subject to customary capitalization adjustments) of the Class B common stock held by such founder or holder (on a fully as converted/as exercised basis) as of immediately following the closing of the Business Combination having been transferred (subject to exceptions for certain permitted transfers).
During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, 26,449,869, 8,406,170 and 5,337,446 shares of Class B common stock were converted into Class A common stock, respectively.
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Liquidation
In the event of the Company’s voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution, distribution of assets or winding-up, subject to preferences that may apply to any shares of preferred stock outstanding at the time, the holders of the Company’s common stock will be entitled to receive an equal amount per share of all of the Company’s assets of whatever kind available for distribution to stockholders, after the rights of the holders of any preferred stock have been satisfied.
PIPE Financing
On August 10, 2023, the Company entered into subscription agreements with certain investors providing for the private placement of 26,173,286 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock for net proceeds of approximately $139.0 million, after deducting offering costs.
At-The-Market Offerings
In November 2023, the Company entered into an Open Market Sales AgreementSM (the “Sales Agreement”) with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., as the sales agent, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell shares of the Company’s Class A common stock having an aggregate offering amount of up to $70.0 million. The Company will pay Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. a commission rate of up to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of any shares of Class A common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company sold 3,109,097 shares of Class A common stock for net proceeds of $19.5 million. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $49.3 million remaining under the Sales Agreement.
Note 10 - Stock-Based Compensation
Amended and Restated 2021 Plan
In August 2021, the Company adopted the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”), which was approved by the stockholders of the Company in September 2021 and became effective immediately upon the closing of the Business Combination. In April 2022, the Company amended and restated the 2021 Plan (the “Amended and Restated 2021 Plan”), which was approved by the stockholders of the Company in June 2022. The aggregate number of shares of Class A common stock that may be issued under the plan increased to 34,175,708. In addition, the number of shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance under the Amended and Restated 2021 Plan will automatically increase on January 1st of each year following this amendment, starting on January 1, 2023 and ending on (and including) January 1, 2031, in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 5.0% of the total number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding year, or (ii) a lesser number of shares of Class A common stock determined by the Board of Directors prior to the date of the increase (the “EIP Evergreen Provision”). The EIP Evergreen Provision is calculated using the number of legally outstanding shares of common stock and includes shares, such as unvested shares pursuant to early exercised stock options, that are not considered outstanding for accounting purposes. In accordance therewith, the number of shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance under the Amended and Restated 2021 Plan increased by 12,292,155 shares on January 1, 2023. The Amended and Restated 2021 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance awards, and other awards to employees, directors, and non-employees.
In connection with the adoption of the 2021 Plan, the Company ceased issuing awards under its 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”). Following the closing of the Business Combination, the Company assumed the outstanding stock options under the 2019 Plan and converted such stock options into options to purchase the Company’s common stock. Such stock options will continue to be governed by the terms of the 2019 Plan and the stock option agreements thereunder, until such outstanding options are exercised or until they terminate or expire.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In August 2021, the Company adopted the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), which became effective immediately upon the closing of the Business Combination. The ESPP permits eligible employees to purchase shares of Class A common stock at a price equal to 85% of the lower of the fair market value of Class A common stock on the first day of an offering or on the date of purchase. Additionally, the number of shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP will automatically increase on January 1st of each year, beginning on January 1, 2022 and continuing through and including January 1, 2031, by the lesser of (i) 1.0% of the total number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding on
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December 31 of the preceding year; (ii) 9,938,118 shares of Class A common stock; or (iii) a lesser number of shares of Class A common stock determined by the Board of Directors prior to the date of increase (the “ESPP Evergreen Provision”). The ESPP Evergreen Provision is calculated using the number of legally outstanding shares of common stock and includes shares, such as unvested shares pursuant to early exercised stock options, that are not considered outstanding for accounting purposes.In accordance therewith, the number of shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP increased by 1,809,383 on January 1, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, the maximum number of shares authorized for issuance under the ESPP was 8,406,337, of which 7,177,705 shares remained available under the ESPP.
The Company currently offers six-month offering periods, and at the end of each offering period, which occurs every six months on May 31 and November 30, employees can elect to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A common stock with contributions of up to 15% of their base pay, accumulated via payroll deductions, subject to certain limitations.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, for the six-month ESPP offering periods that ended on May 31, 2023 and November 30, 2023, employees purchased 601,105 shares at a price of $2.19 per share and 627,527 shares at a price of $2.54 per share, respectively.
The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the grant date fair value of each award granted under the ESPP. The following table sets forth the key assumptions and fair value results for each award granted in the Company’s six-month offering period that started on December 1, 2023:

InputDecember 1, 2023
Stock price$6.30 
Risk-free interest rate5.26 %
Term (in years)0.50
Volatility97.50 %
Dividend yield0.00 %
Grant date fair value per share$2.62 
During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $1.2 million and $0.1 million for the ESPP, respectively. There were no ESPP offerings for the year ended December 31, 2021.
As of December 31, 2023, the total remaining stock-based compensation expense was $1.2 million for the ESPP, which is expected to be recognized over the current six-month offering period until May 31, 2024.
Annual Equity Awards
Subject to the achievement of certain performance goals established by the Company from time to time, the Company’s employees are eligible to receive an annual incentive bonus that will entitle them to an annual grant of a number of RSUs determined by dividing the annual bonus target amount by the closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock on the date of grant. The RSUs will be fully vested on the date of grant. Furthermore, all the annual equity awards are contingent and issued only upon approval by the Company’s Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $11.5 million and $9.5 million, respectively, related to these annual equity awards. There were no annual equity awards granted during the year ended December 31, 2021.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Stock Options
A summary of the Company’s stock option activity is as follows:
Number of
Shares
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(In millions)
Outstanding as of January 1, 20235,335,974 $0.12 7.66$9.4 
Exercised(2,027,221)0.12 7.8 
Expired/forfeited(134,639)0.12 
Outstanding as of December 31, 20233,174,114 0.12 6.6619.1 
Exercisable as of December 31, 20231,346,269 $0.13 6.75$8.1 
Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 20233,174,114 0.12 6.6619.1 
There were no options granted for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company granted 1,277,622 incentive and non-statutory stock options under the 2019 Plan.
Determination of Fair Value
The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of the stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2021 are provided in the following table:
December 31, 2021
Risk-free interest rate:
Employee stock options0.62 %
Non-employee stock options1.08 %
Expected term (in years):
Employee stock options6.32
Non-employee stock options10.00
Expected volatility:
Employee stock options87.94 %
Non-employee stock options88.03 %
Dividend yield:
Employee stock options0.00 %
Non-employee stock options0.00 %
Grant date fair value per share:
Employee stock options$13.65 
Non-employee stock options$13.68 
The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $2.8 million, $3.8 million and $3.9 million for stock options for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
As of December 31, 2023, the total remaining stock-based compensation expense for unvested stock options was $4.9 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.8 years.
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Restricted Stock Units
A summary of the Company’s RSU activity is as follows:
Number of
Shares
Weighted
Average
Grant Price
Outstanding as of January 1, 202343,146,632 $5.72 
Granted11,864,674 3.36 
Vested(7,555,232)3.95 
Forfeited(15,933,591)6.26 
Outstanding as of December 31, 202331,522,483 4.99 
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company granted 998,364 RSUs under the Amended and Restated 2021 Plan, representing the quarterly equity awards for the Company’s fourth fiscal quarter of 2022. The RSUs were fully vested on the date of grant and settled in Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. In addition, the Company granted 10,866,310 RSUs under the Amended and Restated 2021 Plan, which generally vest over a three- or four-year period with a one-year cliff and remain subject to forfeiture if vesting conditions are not met. Upon vesting, RSUs are settled in Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. The shares of Class A common stock underlying RSU grants are not issued and outstanding until the applicable vesting date.
Immediately prior to closing of the Business Combination, each of the Company’s founders was granted 20,009,224 RSUs under the 2019 Plan pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Business Combination Agreement. Considering each of the founder’s existing equity ownership and assuming the Founder Grants fully vest, it would result in each of the founders owning approximately 18% of all outstanding shares of the Total Outstanding Capitalization of the Company (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement). One-quarter of each of the Founder Grants vests upon the achievement of the earlier to occur of (i) a price-based milestone or (ii) a performance-based milestone, with a different set of such price and performance-based milestones applying to each quarter of each of the Founder Grants and so long as the achievement occurs within seven years following the closing of the Business Combination.
The Company accounts for the Founder Grants as four separate tranches, with each tranche consisting of two award grants, a performance award grant and market award grant. Each tranche vests when either the market condition or performance condition is satisfied (only one condition is satisfied). The Company determined the fair value of the performance award by utilizing the trading price on the Closing Date. When the applicable performance milestone is deemed probable of being achieved, the Company will recognize compensation expense for the portion earned to date over the requisite period. For the market award, the Company determined both the fair value and derived service period using a Monte Carlo simulation model on the Closing Date. The Company will recognize compensation expense for the market award on a straight-line basis over the derived service period. If the applicable performance condition is not probable of being achieved, compensation cost for the value of the award incorporating the market condition is recognized, so long as the requisite service is provided. If the performance milestone becomes probable of being achieved, the full fair value of the award will be recognized, and any remaining expense for the market award will be canceled.
The following assumptions were used to estimate the fair value, using the Monte Carlo simulation, of the market award grant:

September 16, 2021
Stock price$9.92 
Term (in years)7
Volatility55.00 %
Risk-free interest rate1.13 %
Dividend yield0.00 %
One-quarter of each of the Founder Grants, totaling 5,002,306 shares each of Class B common stock, vested immediately prior to the Closing Date pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Business Combination Agreement. On April 14, 2022, the
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
vested 5,002,306 shares of Class B common stock of the Company’s co-founder and former co-CEO, were cancelled. Following the separation of the officer from the Company on April 13, 2022 (the “Separation Date”), the officer’s unvested 15,006,918 shares of Class B common stock for the remaining three tranches remain outstanding and eligible for vesting upon the achievement of the milestones as described above for 15 months from the Separation Date pursuant to the original terms of the Founder Grants.
On July 13, 2023, 15 months following the separation of the officer from the Company, the officer’s unvested 15,006,918 shares of Class B common stock for the remaining three tranches of the Founder Grants were forfeited. The Company reversed the previously recognized stock-compensation expense associated with these shares for $59.1 million. As of December 31, 2023, there were 15,006,918 shares of Class B common stock outstanding for the remaining Founder Grants.
For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded $49.7 million, $64.9 million and $118.1 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense for the amortized portion of the market award for the remaining three tranches of the outstanding Founder Grants in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Of the amounts recorded during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, approximately $17.3 million, $32.4 million and $9.4 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense associated with the forfeiture were reversed in July 2023 and recorded during the year ended December 31, 2023.
For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded $27.0 million, $22.8 million and $1.6 million of stock-based compensation expense, respectively, related to RSUs (excluding the Founder Grants).
As of December 31, 2023, the total remaining stock-based compensation expense for unvested RSUs (including the remaining Founder Grants) was $128.5 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.0 year.
Restricted Stock
In August 2023, the Company issued 1,985,559 shares of Class A common stock to an outside vendor to satisfy $11.0 million of the Company’s outstanding payable to that vendor. Accordingly, the Company reclassified $11.6 million, representing the grant date fair value of the award, of legal expense to stock-based compensation expense within general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations during the year ended December 31, 2023.
The Company records stock-based compensation expense for stock-based compensation awards based on the fair value on the date of grant. The stock-based compensation expense is recognized ratably over the course of the requisite service period.
The Company has elected to account for forfeitures as they occur and will record stock-based compensation expense assuming all stockholders will complete the requisite service period. If an employee forfeits an award because they fail to complete the requisite service period, the Company will reverse stock-based compensation expense previously recognized in the period the award is forfeited.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following table presents stock-based compensation expense included in each respective expense category in the consolidated statements of operations (in millions):
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
Research and development$28.9 $26.1 $3.7 
General and administrative16.3 76.7 119.9 
Total stock-based compensation expense$45.2 $102.8 $123.6 
Warrants
A summary of the Company’s warrant activity is as follows:
Number of
Shares
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(In millions)
Outstanding as of January 1, 20238,736,599 $0.01 7.84$16.3 
Issued15,000,000 0.01 
Exercised(2,948,352)0.01 17.0 
Outstanding as of December 31, 202320,788,247 0.01 4.48127.4 
Vested as of December 31, 20232,839,893 $0.01 2.17$17.4 
United Airlines
On January 29, 2021, the Company entered into the United Purchase Agreement, United Collaboration Agreement, and United Warrant Agreement. Under the terms of the United Purchase Agreement, United has a conditional purchase order for up to 200 of the Company’s aircraft, with an option to purchase an additional 100 aircraft. Those purchases are conditioned upon the Company meeting certain conditions that include, but are not limited to, the certification of the Company’s aircraft by the FAA and further negotiation and reaching of mutual agreement on certain material terms related to the purchases. The Company issued 14,741,764 warrants to United to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. Each warrant provides United with the right to purchase one share of the Company’s Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.50$0.01 per whole share (see Note 8).

share. The Company grantedwarrants were initially expected to vest in four installments in accordance with the underwriter a 45-day option to purchase up to 7,500,000 additional Units to cover over-allotments atfollowing milestones: the Initial Public Offering price, less the underwriting discounts and commissions. The over-allotment option expired without being exercised in any part. The underwriter was paid a cash underwriting discount of $0.20 per Unit, or $10,000,000 in the aggregate upon the closingexecution of the Initial Public Offering.

NOTE 5. PRIVATE PLACEMENT

Simultaneously withUnited Purchase Agreement and the closingUnited Collaboration Agreement, the completion of the Initial Public Offering,Business Combination, the Company consummatedcertification of the aircraft by the FAA, and the sale of 8,000,000 warrants at a price of $1.50 per warrant in a private placement (the “Private Placement Warrants”)aircraft to United.

On August 9, 2022, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Sponsor, generating gross proceedsUnited Purchase Agreement (the “Amended United Purchase Agreement”) and Amendment No. 1 to the United Warrant Agreement (the “Amended United Warrant Agreement”). In association with the Amended United Purchase Agreement, the Company received a $10.0 million pre-delivery payment from United for 100 of $12,000,000. Each Private Placementthe Company’s aircraft (the “Pre-Delivery Payment”), which was recognized as a contract liability in other long-term liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Pursuant to the Amended United Warrant is exercisableAgreement, the vesting condition of the fourth milestone of the United Warrant Agreement was modified, and the warrants now vest in four installments in accordance with the following sub-milestones: (i) 737,088 warrants vested upon receipt by the Company of the Pre-Delivery Payment on August 9, 2022; (ii) 2,211,264 warrants vested on February 9, 2023 upon the six-month anniversary of the amendment date; (iii) 3,685.45 warrants shall vest upon the acceptance and delivery of each of the Company’s 160 aircraft; and (iv) 22,112.65 warrants shall vest upon the acceptance and delivery of each of the Company’s 40 aircraft.
The Company accounts for the Amended United Purchase Agreement and the United Collaboration Agreement under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company identified the sale of each aircraft ordered by United as a separate performance obligation in the contract. As the performance obligations have not been satisfied, the Company has not recognized any revenue as of December 31, 2023.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
With respect to the warrant vesting milestones outlined above, the Company accounts for them as consideration payable to a customer under ASC 606 related to the future purchase one share of Class Aaircraft by United. The Company determined that the warrants are classified as equity awards based on the criteria of ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity and ASC 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation. Pursuant to ASC 718, the Company measured the grant date fair value of the warrants to be recognized upon the achievement of each of the original four milestones and the vesting of the related warrants.
On January 29, 2021, a valuation of the Company’s common stock was performed, valuing the Company’s common stock at a price of $11.50$13.35 per share. The proceeds fromvalue of the common stock was determined using a hybrid approach of the OPM and PWERM, with the PWERM weighted at 80% primarily based on management’s expectation of the planned merger as described in Note 1 and the OPM weighted at 20% due to uncertainties in the timing of other possible scenarios. The Company used the OPM to allocate value in a stay private scenario. Given the $0.01 exercise price, each warrant also had a fair value of $13.35 at the grant date.
For the first milestone, issuance of warrants in conjunction with the execution of the United Purchase Agreement and the United Collaboration Agreement, the Company recorded the grant date fair value of the respective warrant tranche at the vesting date upon satisfaction of the milestone, and the related costs were recorded in other warrant expense due to the absence of historical or probable future revenue. For the second milestone, the completion of the Business Combination transaction, the related costs were also recorded in other warrant expense due to the absence of historical or probable future revenue. For the third milestone, the certification of the aircraft by the FAA, the Company will assess whether it is probable that the award will vest at the end of every reporting period. If and when the award is deemed probable of vesting, the Company will begin capitalizing the grant date fair value of the associated warrants as an asset through the vesting date and subsequently amortize the asset as a reduction to revenue as it sells the new aircraft to United.
For the original fourth milestone, the sale of the Private Placement Warrants were addedaircraft to the net proceeds from the Initial Public Offering held in the Trust Account. IfUnited, the Company does not completewas initially expected to record the cost associated with the vesting of each portion of warrants within this milestone as a Business Combination withinreduction of the Combination Period, the proceeds from thetransaction price as revenue is recognized for each sale of the Private Placement Warrants will be usedaircraft. In connection with the Amended United Warrant Agreement, the Company evaluated the accounting implications associated with the amendment to fund the redemptionfourth milestone in accordance with ASC 606 and ASC 718. For the first sub-milestone, the receipt of the Public Shares (subject toPre-Delivery Payment, the requirements of applicable law)Company accounted for it as a modification under ASC 718 and recorded the Private Placement Warrants will expire worthless.


ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2020

NOTE 6. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Founder Shares

On September 4, 2020, the Sponsor paid $25,000 in consideration for 14,375,000 shares of Class B common stock (the “Founder Shares”). The Founder Shares included an aggregate of up to 1,875,000 shares subject to forfeiture by the Sponsor to the extent that the underwriter’s over-allotment was not exercised in full or in part, so that the Sponsor would collectively own, on an as-converted basis, 20%modification date fair value of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares after the Initial Public Offering (assuming the Sponsor did not purchase any Public Sharesassociated warrants in the Initial Public Offering). Upon the expirationother warrant expense upon satisfaction of the over-allotment option in December 2020, 1,875,000 sharessub-milestone on August 9, 2022. For the second sub-milestone, the vesting of Class B common stock were forfeited, resulting in an aggregate of 12,500,000 Founder Shares outstanding.

The Sponsor has agreed not to transfer, assign or sell any of its Founder Shares until the earlier to occur of: (A) one year after the completion of a Business Combination, or (B) the datewarrants on whichFebruary 9, 2023, the Company completesaccounted for it as a liquidation, merger, capital stock exchange or similar transaction that resultsmodification under ASC 718 and recorded the modification date fair value of the associated warrants in other warrant expense on a straight-line basis over six months following the Company’s stockholders havingamendment date. The modification date fair value of each warrant associated with the rightfirst and second sub-milestones was determined to exchange their shares of common stock for cash, securities or other property. Notwithstandingbe $4.37, which was the foregoing, if the last saleclosing price of the Company’s Class A common stock equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjustedon the modification date. For the third and fourth sub-milestones, the sale of 160 aircraft and 40 aircraft, respectively, the Company determined that the amendment does not represent a modification under ASC 718. The Company will record the cost associated with the vesting of each portion of the associated warrants as a reduction of the transaction price based on the original grant date fair value as revenue is recognized for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizationseach sale of the aircraft.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded $2.1 million in other warrant expense in the consolidated statements of operations related to the second sub-milestone under the fourth milestone, and a total of 2,211,264 warrants vested from achievement of this milestone.
For the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing at least 150 days afteryear ended December 31, 2022, the Business Combination,Company recorded $10.8 million in other warrant expense in the Founder Shares will be releasedconsolidated statements of operations related to the first two sub-milestones under the fourth milestone, and a total of 737,088 warrants vested from achievement of the lock-up.

Promissory Note - Related Party

On September 11, 2020,first sub-milestone under the fourth milestone.

In August 2023, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note2,942,778 shares of Class A common stock to United, who cashless net exercised 2,948,352 warrants related to the Sponsor (the “Promissory Note”achievement of the first two sub-milestones under the fourth milestone.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded $117.3 million in other warrant expense in the consolidated statements of operations related to the achievement of the first two milestones. A total of 8,845,058 warrants vested from achievement of the first two milestones and were exercised during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Stellantis N.V.
On January 3, 2023, the Company entered into a manufacturing and collaboration agreement with Stellantis N.V. (“Stellantis”), pursuant to which the Company received proceeds of $300,000 to cover expenses related to the Initial Public Offering. The Promissory Note was non-interest bearing and was payableStellantis will collaborate on the earlierdevelopment and implementation of March 31, 2021 orthe
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Company’s manufacturing operations for the completionproduction of its eVTOL aircraft products (the “Stellantis Collaboration Agreement”). In connection with the Initial Public Offering. The outstanding balance underStellantis Collaboration Agreement, the Promissory Note of $300,000 was repaid at the closing of the Initial Public Offering on October 30, 2020.

Administrative Support Agreement

The Company entered into ana forward purchase agreement commencing(as amended, the “Stellantis Forward Purchase Agreement”) and a warrant agreement (the “Stellantis Warrant Agreement”) with Stellantis on January 3, 2023.

Under the effective dateterms of the Initial Public Offering,Stellantis Forward Purchase Agreement, the Company may elect, in the Company’s sole discretion, to pay the Sponsor a totalissue and sell to Stellantis up to $150.0 million of $10,000 per month for office space, secretarial and administrative support. Upon completionshares of the Business Combination orCompany’s Class A common stock, following the Company’s liquidation,satisfaction of certain Milestones (as defined in the Stellantis Forward Purchase Agreement) and pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Stellantis Forward Purchase Agreement. As any issuance of Class A common stock by the Company to Stellantis pursuant to the Stellantis Forward Purchase Agreement is at the election of the Company, the Company will cease paying these monthly fees.

See Note 7, under Business Combination Marketing Agreement, for additional related party transactions.

NOTE 7. COMMITMENTS

Registration Rights

The holdersrecognize any share issuance at the time it elects to issue and sell shares to Stellantis.

Under the terms of the Founder Shares, Private Placement Warrants and any warrants that may be issued upon conversionStellantis Warrant Agreement, Stellantis is entitled to purchase up to 15.0 million shares of the Working Capital LoansCompany’s Class A common stock, at an exercise price of $0.01 per share (the “Stellantis Warrant”). The Stellantis Warrant will vest and become exercisable in three equal tranches upon 12, 24 and 36 months of the grant date, provided that (i) Stellantis has performed certain undertakings set forth in the Stellantis Collaboration Agreement and/or (ii) the VWAP (as defined below) (andin the Stellantis Warrant Agreement) for the Class A common stock exceeding certain specified amounts. Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Stellantis Collaboration Agreement, Stellantis is deemed to have performed the undertakings if the Stellantis Collaboration Agreement has not been terminated by the Company as of the specified vesting date for each tranche.
As the Company is currently in pre-revenue stage and is not generating any revenue from the Stellantis Collaboration Agreement, all costs incurred with third parties are recorded based on the nature of the costs incurred. The Company accounts for the warrant in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718. The grant date fair value of each warrant was determined to be $1.93, which was the closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock on January 3, 2023. For each tranche of the warrant, the Company will recognize compensation costs as the related services are received from Stellantis on a straight-line basis over the associated service period. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded $17.5 million of R&D expense in the consolidated statements of operations in connection with the Stellantis Collaboration Agreement.
On June 23, 2023, the Company issued 6,337,039 shares of Class A common stock issuable uponto Stellantis at a price of $3.94506 per share in connection with the exercisefirst milestone under the Stellantis Forward Purchase Agreement and received approximately $25.0 million in gross proceeds. The Company recognized the issued shares at a fair value of $3.38 per share, which was the closing price of the Private Placement Warrants and warrants that may be issued upon conversion of Working Capital Loans and upon conversion of the Founder Shares) will be entitled to registration rights pursuant to a registration rights agreement to be signed prior to or on the effective date of the Initial Public Offering, requiring the Company to register such securities for resale (in the case of the Founder Shares, only after conversion toCompany’s Class A common stock)stock on June 23, 2023, and recognized a gain of $3.6 million within other (expense) income, net in the consolidated statements of operations during the year ended December 31, 2023, to account for the difference between the amount of cash proceeds and the fair value of the issued shares.
On August 10, 2023, Stellantis waived certain conditions provided for in the Stellantis Forward Purchase Agreement relating to the Company’s actual achievement pursuant to Milestone 2 (as defined in the Stellantis Forward Purchase Agreement). The holdersIn connection with this waiver, the Company submitted an election notice to draw down upon the $70.0 million applicable to Milestone 2, which equals 12,313,234 shares of these securities are entitledthe Company’s Class A common stock. This drawdown was completed on October 16, 2023.
FCA US LLC
On November 6, 2020, the Company entered into a collaboration agreement with FCA US LLC (“FCA”) (the “FCA Collaboration Agreement”), in which both parties agreed to makework together to complete a series of fixed duration collaboration projects related to the Company’s ongoing efforts to design, develop, and bring up production capabilities for its aircraft. In conjunction with the FCA Collaboration Agreement, the Company issued a warrant to FCA on November 6, 2020, in which FCA has the right to purchase up to three demands, excluding short form demands,1,671,202 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The Company performed a valuation and determined each warrant had a fair value of $0.15 per share at the grant date. Shares under the warrant vest based on the completion of specific aircraft development milestones identified under the FCA Collaboration Agreement.
As the Company is currently in pre-revenue stage and is not generating any revenue from the FCA Collaboration Agreement, all costs incurred with third parties are recorded based on the nature of the cost incurred. The Company accounts for the warrant in accordance with ASC 718. The Company assessed whether it was probable that the award vested for each of the seven milestones at the end of every reporting period. If and when the award was deemed probable of vesting, the Company
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
recognized compensation expense for the portion of the grant determined probable of vesting on a straight-line basis over the duration of each milestone. If services had been provided by FCA prior to management determining the milestone was probable of being achieved, a cumulative catch-up adjustment was recorded for services performed in prior periods. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company register such securities. In addition,recorded $0.1 million and $0.2 million of R&D expense, respectively, in the holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registrationconsolidated statements filed subsequentof operations related to the completion of certain milestones. As of December 31, 2022, all seven milestones have been completed, amounting to 1,671,202 shares that have vested.
FCA Italy S.p.A.
On July 19, 2021, the Company entered into a Business Combination. The registration rightsmanufacturing consulting agreement does not contain liquidating damages or other cash settlement provisions resulting from delayswith an affiliate of FCA, FCA Italy S.p.A. (“FCA Italy”) (the “Manufacturing Consulting Agreement”), in registering the Company’s securities. The Company will bear the expenses incurredwhich both parties agreed to work together to complete a series of fixed duration projects to develop manufacturing and production processes in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.


ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2020

Business Combination MarketingCompany’s ongoing efforts to bring up production capabilities for its aircraft. In conjunction with the Manufacturing Consulting Agreement,

The Company engaged the representative of the underwriters and Moelis & Company LLC, an affiliate of the Sponsor, in connection with a Business Combination to assist the Company issued a warrant to FCA Italy, in holding meetings with its stockholderswhich FCA Italy has the right to discuss the potential Business Combination and the target business’ attributes, introduce the Companypurchase up to potential investors that are interested in purchasing the Company’s securities in connection with a Business Combination, assist the Company in obtaining stockholder approval for the Business Combination and assist the Company with its press releases and public filings in connection with the Business Combination. The Company will pay the representative of the underwriters and Moelis & Company LLC a cash fee for such services upon the consummation of the Business Combination of 2.25% ($11,250,000) and 1.25% ($6,250,000), respectively, or 3.5% ($17,500,000), in the aggregate, of the gross proceeds of the offering including the gross proceeds from the full or partial exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option. A portion of such fee may be re-allocated or paid to members that assist the Company in consummating its Business Combination.

Related Party Loans

In order to finance transaction costs in connection with a Business Combination, the Sponsor or an affiliate of the Sponsor or certain1,077,024 shares of the Company’s directorsClass A common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The Company performed a valuation and officers may, but are not obligated to, loandetermined each warrant had a fair value of $8.98 per share at the grant date. The shares underlying the warrant vest in two equal installments in accordance with two time-based milestones.

The Company accounts for the warrant in accordance with ASC 718. The Company recognized compensation cost for half of the shares that were fully vested upon execution of the Manufacturing Consulting Agreement. The Company recognized compensation cost for the remaining half of the warrant as the related services were received from FCA Italy on a straight-line basis over the service period of 12 months. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company fundsrecorded $2.8 million of R&D expense in the consolidated statements of operations related to services received for the second milestone. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded $6.8 million of R&D expense in the consolidated statements of operations related to the achievement of the first milestone and services received for the second milestone. As of December 31, 2022, both of the milestones have been completed, amounting to 1,077,024 shares that have vested.
Note 11 - Income Taxes
The Company's loss before income taxes consisted of the following (in millions):

Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
United States$(458.7)$(317.3)$(347.8)
International1.3 — — 
Total$(457.4)$(317.3)$(347.8)
The Company recognized foreign current income tax provision of $0.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company did not recognize any current income tax provision during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. The Company did not record any deferred income tax provision for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. The related increase in the deferred tax assets was offset by the increase in valuation allowance.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
A reconciliation of the Company’s effective income tax rate to the expected income tax rate, computed by applying the federal statutory income tax rate of 21% to the Company’s loss before income taxes, is as follows:

Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
Federal income tax (benefit) at statutory tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State and local income taxes (net of federal benefit)(2.7)%2.5 %2.6 %
Nondeductible expenses(0.1)%(0.2)%(0.2)%
Warrant expense(1.6)%0.8 %(6.5)%
Nondeductible officers’ compensation0.1 %(4.7)%(6.9)%
Other0.0 %(0.7)%0.2 %
Credits4.4 %4.9 %1.3 %
Change in valuation allowance(21.2)%(23.6)%(11.5)%
Effective tax rate(0.1)%0.0 %0.0 %
Differences between the state statutory rate and state effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily relate to the limitations imposed on certain share-based compensation under Section 162(m), R&D tax credits and an increase in the valuation allowance.
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are provided below (in millions):

As of December 31,
20232022
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards$84.1 $43.4 
Accrued expenses12.4 1.5 
Operating lease liabilities3.5 3.3 
Stock-based compensation1.9 3.7 
Warrants6.0 2.5 
Capitalized R&D expenses77.8 51.7 
Credits41.7 21.1 
Start-up costs3.8 4.7 
Other0.7 0.9 
Gross deferred tax assets231.9 132.8 
Less: valuation allowance(226.3)(129.7)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance5.6 3.1 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation and amortization(3.7)— 
Right-of-use assets(1.9)(3.1)
Total deferred tax liabilities(5.6)(3.1)
Total net deferred tax assets$— $— 
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the period in which those temporary differences become deductible. Based upon the analysis of federal and state deferred tax balances and future tax projections and the Company’s lack of taxable income in the carryback period, the Company recorded a valuation allowance of $226.3 million against the federal and state deferred tax
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
assets. The valuation allowance increased by $96.6 million, $82.6 million and $39.9 million during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
On August 16, 2022, the U.S. government enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. The Company does not currently expect the Inflation Reduction Act to impact its estimated effective tax rate due to a full valuation allowance against deferred tax assets.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has U.S. federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of $389.9 million and $173.5 million, respectively, which can be carried forward indefinitely. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has state NOL carryforwards of $40.5 million and $120.1 million, respectively, which will both begin to expire in 2038.
In the ordinary course of its business, the Company incurs costs that, for tax purposes, are determined to be qualified R&D expenditures within the meaning of IRC §41 and are, therefore, eligible for the Increasing Research Activities credit under IRC §41. The U.S. federal R&D tax credit carryforward is $31.4 million and $14.9 million for December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The U.S. federal R&D tax credit carryforward begins to expire in 2039. The state R&D tax credit carryforward is $15.7 million and $9.3 million for December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which can be carried forward indefinitely.
The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in millions):

Balance as of December 31, 2020$2.0 
Increases related to current year tax positions0.3 
Decreases based on tax positions related to prior years(2.0)
Balance as of December 31, 20210.3 
Increases related to current year tax positions1.2 
Balance as of December 31, 20221.5 
Increases related to current year tax positions0.5 
Balance as of December 31, 2023$2.0 
The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 is zero due to the valuation allowance that would otherwise be recorded on the deferred tax asset associated with the recognized position. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized no interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions. It is not expected that there will be a significant change in uncertain tax positions in the next 12 months.
In accordance with Section 382 and Section 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” (generally defined as a cumulative change of more than 50% in the equity ownership of certain stockholders over a rolling three-year period) is subject to limitations on its ability to utilize its pre-change NOLs and R&D tax credits to offset post-change taxable income and post-change tax liabilities, respectively. The Company’s existing NOLs and R&D credits may be required (“Working Capital Loans”). Ifsubject to limitations arising from previous ownership changes, and the Company completes a Business Combination, the Company would repay the Working Capital Loans outability to utilize NOLs could be further limited by Section 382 and Section 383 of the proceedsCode. In addition, future changes in the Company’s stock ownership, some of which may be outside of the Trust Account releasedCompany’s control, could result in an ownership change under Section 382 and Section 383 of the Code. The amount of such limitations, if any, has not been determined.
The Company is subject to taxation and files income tax returns with the Company. Otherwise,U.S. federal government and the Working Capital Loans would be repaid only outstates of funds held outsideCalifornia and Florida. The tax years ended December 31, 2018 through December 31, 2023 remain open to examination for federal purposes, and the Trust Account.tax years ended December 31, 2018 through December 31, 2023 remain open to examination for state purposes. In addition, the event that a Business Combination does not close, the Company may use a portionutilization of proceeds held outside the Trust AccountNOL and R&D credit carryforwards is subject to repay the Working Capital Loans, but no proceeds held in the Trust Account would be used to repay the Working Capital Loans. Exceptfederal and state review for the foregoing, the termsperiods in which those net losses were incurred. The Company is not under audit by any tax jurisdictions at this time.
Note 12 - Liability Classified Warrants
As of such Working Capital Loans, if any, have not been determined and no written agreements exist with respect to such loans.

NOTE 8. WARRANTS

December 31, 2023, there were 17,398,947 public warrants outstanding. Public Warrantswarrants may only be exercised for a whole number of shares. No fractional shares are issued upon exercise of the Public Warrants.public warrants. The Public Warrants are public warrants became

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exercisable on the later of (a)October 30, days after the consummation of a Business Combination or (b)2021, 12 months fromafter the closing of the Initial Public Offering.initial public offering of Atlas. The Public Warrantspublic warrants will expire five years from the consummation of athe Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

The Company will not be obligated to deliver any Class A common stock pursuant to the exercise of a Public Warrant and will have no obligation to settle such Public Warrant exercise unless a registration statement under the Securities Act covering the issuance of the Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants is then effective and a prospectus relating thereto is current, subject to the Company satisfying its obligations with respect to registration. No warrant will be exercisable and the Company will not be obligated to issue shares of Class A common stock upon exercise of a warrant unless Class A common stock issuable upon such warrant exercise has been registered, qualified or deemed to be exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the registered holder of the warrants.

The Company has agreed that as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 15 business days after the closing of a Business Combination, it will use its best efforts to file with the SEC a registration statement for the registration, under the Securities Act, of the Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants. The Company will use its best efforts to cause the same to become effective and to maintain the effectiveness of such registration statement, and a current prospectus relating thereto, until the expiration of the warrants in accordance with the provisions of the warrant agreement. If a registration statement covering the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants is not effective by the sixtieth (60th) business day after the closing of a Business Combination, warrant holders may, until such time as there is an effective registration statement and during any period when the Company will have failed to maintain an effective registration statement, exercise warrants on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act or another exemption. Notwithstanding the above, if the Class A common stock are at the time of any exercise of a warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that they satisfy the definition of a “covered security” under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act, the Company may, at its option, require holders of Public Warrants who exercise their warrants to do so on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act and, in the event the Company so elect, the Company will not be required to file or maintain in effect a registration statement, and in the event the Company does not so elect, the Company will use its best efforts to register or qualify the shares under applicable blue sky laws to the extent an exemption is not available.



ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2020

Once the Public Warrantspublic warrants become exercisable, the Company may callredeem the Public Warrantspublic warrants for redemption:

in whole and not in part;

at a price of $0.01 per Public Warrant;public warrant;

upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption to each warrant holder; and

if, and only if, the closing price of the Class A common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period commencing after the warrants become exercisable and ending three business days before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.


If and when the warrants become redeemable by the Company, the Company may exercise its redemption right even if the Company is unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws.


Each public warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one share of Class A common stock at a price of $11.50 per share. The exercise price and number of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrantspublic warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a share dividend, extraordinary dividend or recapitalization, reorganization, merger, or consolidation. However, except as described below, the Public WarrantsThe public warrants will not be adjusted for issuances of Class A common stock at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the Public Warrants. Ifpublic warrants.

As of December 31, 2023, there were 8,000,000 private placement warrants outstanding. The private placement warrants are identical to the Company is unable to complete a Business Combination withinpublic warrants underlying the Combination Period and the Company liquidates the funds heldshares sold in the Trust Account, holdersinitial public offering of Public Warrants will not receive any of such funds with respect to their Public Warrants, nor will they receive any distribution fromAtlas, except that the Company’s assets held outside ofprivate placement warrants and the Trust Account with respect to such Public Warrants. Accordingly, the Public Warrants may expire worthless.

In addition, if (x) the Company issues additional shares of Class A common stock or equity-linked securities for capital raising purposes in connection with the closing of its initial Business Combination at an issue price or effective issue price of less than $9.20 per share of Class A common stock (with such issue price or effective issue price to be determined in good faith by the Company’s board of directors and, in the case of any such issuance to the Sponsor or its affiliates, without taking into account any Founder Shares held by the Sponsor or such affiliates, as applicable, prior to such issuance) (the “Newly Issued Price”), (y) the aggregate gross proceeds from such issuances represent more than 60% of the total equity proceeds, and interest thereon, available for the funding of the Company’s initial Business Combination on the date of the consummation of such initial Business Combination (net of redemptions), and (z) the volume weighted average trading price of the Company’s common stock during the 20 trading day period starting on the trading day prior to the day on which the Company consummates its initial Business Combination (such price, the “Market Value”) is below $9.20 per share, the exercise price of the warrants will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to 115% of the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price and the $18.00 per share redemption trigger price described above will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to 180% of the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price.

The Private Placement Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants underlying the Units sold in the Initial Public Offering, except that the Private Placement Warrants will and the common shares issuable upon the exercise of the Private Placement Warrants will not beprivate placement warrants became transferable, assignable, orand salable untilon October 16, 2021, 30 days after the completion of athe Business Combination, subject to certain limited exceptions. Additionally, the Private Placement Warrantsprivate placement warrants will be exercisable on a cashless basis and will be non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the Private Placement Warrantsprivate placement warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the Private Placement Warrantsprivate placement warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.

public warrants.

ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER

Note 13 - Subsequent Events

The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date through the date of the issuance of these consolidated financial statements. The Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements.
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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as required by Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) of the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2020

2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms and that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria set forth in the Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on the assessment, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report which appears within Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures
In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, recognizes that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting cannot prevent or detect all possible instances of errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system's objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.
Remediation of Prior Year Material Weaknesses
We previously identified and disclosed in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K as well as in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for each interim period in fiscal 2023, the following material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting:
We did not design and maintain an effective control environment commensurate with our financial reporting requirements. We lacked a sufficient number of trained professionals with (i) an appropriate level of accounting knowledge, training and experience to appropriately analyze, record and disclose accounting matters timely and accurately, and (ii) an appropriate level of knowledge and experience to establish effective processes and controls. Additionally, the limited personnel resulted in an inability to consistently establish appropriate authorities and responsibilities in pursuit of financial reporting objectives, as demonstrated by, among other things, insufficient segregation of duties in our finance and accounting functions.
We did not design and maintain an effective risk assessment process at a precise enough level to identify new and evolving risks of material misstatement in our financial statements. Specifically, changes to existing controls or the implementation of new controls have not been sufficient to respond to changes to the risks of material misstatement to financial reporting.
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We did not design and maintain formal accounting policies, procedures and controls to achieve complete, accurate and timely financial accounting, reporting and disclosures, including controls over the preparation and review of business performance reviews, account reconciliations and journal entries.
We did not design and maintain effective controls over IT general controls for information systems that are relevant to the preparation of our financial statements. Specifically, we did not design and maintain:
user access controls to ensure appropriate segregation of duties and that adequately restrict user and privileged access to financial applications, programs, and data to appropriate company personnel;
program change management controls to ensure that IT program and data changes affecting financial IT applications and underlying accounting records are identified, tested, authorized, and implemented appropriately; and
computer operations controls to ensure that data backups are authorized and monitored.
We have taken the steps we believe are necessary to remediate these material weaknesses to comply with the rules and regulations of the SEC regarding compliance with Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Those remediation measures included the following:
We prepared a remediation plan for each of the material weaknesses and trained process owners, developed new controls, enhanced existing controls and evaluated process adoption, and are monitoring results;
We hired a new Chief Financial Officer in February 2022 and hired additional accounting, human resources and payroll, and IT personnel to bolster our accounting and IT capabilities and capacity, in order to establish and maintain our internal controls;
We implemented controls to formalize roles and review responsibilities that align with our team’s skills and experience and to ensure segregation of duties;
We engaged third-party professionals to aid in the design and implementation of a formal risk assessment process and identified and evaluated changes in our internal controls;
We implemented formal processes, policies, and procedures supporting our financial close process, including establishing and reviewing thresholds for business performance reviews, formalizing procedures over the review of financial statements, and creation of standard balance sheet reconciliation templates and journal entry controls;
We designed and implemented IT general controls, including controls over the review and updating of user access rights and privileges and segregation of duties, and implemented more robust IT policies and procedures over change management, data backup authorization and computer operations; and
We implemented a new enterprise resource planning system in February 2023 that automated some of our manual financial reporting processes, enhanced our information technology control environment, and mitigated necessary internal control gaps and limitations that previously resulted in the material weaknesses noted above.
As of December 31, 2020, there2023, management has concluded that the actions described above were 16,666,667 Public Warrantssatisfactorily implemented and 8,000,000 Private Placement Warrants outstanding. The Company classifieshave been in place for a sufficient period of time to demonstrate the outstanding Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants as warrant liabilities on the Balance Sheetpreviously identified material weaknesses have been remediated.
Changes in accordance with the guidance contained in ASC 815-40.

The warrant liabilities are initially measured at fair value upon the closing of the Initial Public Offering and subsequently re-measured at each reporting period using a Monte-Carlo model. The Public WarrantsInternal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were allocated a portion of the proceeds from the issuance of the Units equal to its fair value. The Company recognized gains in connection withno changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the fair value of warrant liabilities of $9,933,330 within change in fair value of warrant liabilities in the Statement of OperationsExchange Act) during the yearquarter ended December 31, 2020.

NOTE 9. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Preferred stock — The Company is authorized2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to issue 1,000,000 sharesmaterially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

85

Table of $0.0001 par value preferred stock. At December 31, 2020, there were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding.

Class A Common Stock — The Company is authorized to issue up to 200,000,000 shares of Class A, $0.0001 par value common stock. Holders ofContents

Item 9B. Other Information

Rule 105b5-1 Trading Plans. During the Company's common stock are entitled to one vote for each share. At December 31, 2020, there were 5,114,713 shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding.

Class B Common Stock — The Company is authorized to issue up to 20,000,000 shares of Class B, $0.0001 par value common stock. Holders of the Company's common stock are entitled to one vote for each share. At December 31, 2020, there were 12,500,000 shares of Class B common stock issued and outstanding. In December 2020, the underwriters’ over-allotment option expired and as a result the Sponsor forfeited 1,875,000 shares of Class B common stock.

Holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock will vote together as a single class on all other matters submitted to a vote of shareholders, except as required by law.

The shares of Class B common stock will automatically convert into shares of Class A common stock upon the consummation of a Business Combination on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment. In the case that additional shares of Class A common stock or equity-linked securities are issued or deemed issued in connection with a Business Combination, the number of shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of all Founder Shares will equal, in the aggregate, on an as-converted basis, 20% of the total number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding after such conversion, including the total number of shares of Class A common stock issued, or deemed issued or issuable upon conversion or exercise of any equity-linked securities or rights issued or deemed issued, by the Company in connection with or in relation to the consummation of a Business Combination, excluding any shares of Class A common stock or equity-linked securities or rights exercisable for or convertible into shares of Class A common stock issued, or to be issued, to any seller in a Business Combination and any Private Placement Warrants issued to the Sponsor, officers or directors upon conversion of Working Capital Loans, provided that such conversion of Founder Shares will never occur on a less than one-for-one basis.


ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2020

NOTE 10. INCOME TAX

The Company’s net deferred tax assets (liabilities) as of December 31, 2020 is as follows:

Deferred tax assets:   
Start-up costs $33,188 
Net operating loss carryforwards  14,688 
Total deferred tax assets  47,876 
Valuation allowance  (27,174)
Deferred tax liabilities:    
Unrealized gain on investments  (20,702)
Total deferred tax liabilities  (20,702)
Deferred tax assets, net of allowance $ 

The income tax provision for the period from August 26 (inception) through December 31, 2020 consists of the following:

Federal
Current$
Deferred(27,174)
State
Current
Deferred
Change in valuation allowance27,174
Income tax provision$

As of December 31, 2020, the Company has available U.S. federal operating loss carry forwards of approximately $70,000 that may be carried forward indefinitely.

In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences representing future deductible amounts become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax assets, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. After consideration of all the information available, management believes that significant uncertainty exists with respect to future realization of the deferred tax assets and has therefore established a full valuation allowance. For the periodthree months ended December 31, 2020, the valuation allowance was $27,174.


ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2020

A reconciliation2023, none of the federal income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate at December 31, 2020 is as follows:

Statutory federal income tax rate21.0%
State taxes, net of federal tax benefit0.0%
Change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities(19.2)%
Non-deductible transaction costs(1.5)%
Change in valuation allowance(0.3)%
Income tax provision0.0%

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and New York which remain open and subject to examination.

NOTE 11. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The following table presents information about the Company’s financial assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2020, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value:

Description Level 1  Level 2  Level 3 
Assets            
Investments held in Trust Account:            
Money Market investments $500,098,582  $  $ 
Liabilities            
Warrant liability – Public Warrants $31,666,670  $  $ 
Warrant liability – Private Placement Warrants $  $  $15,840,000 

The Company utilized a Monte Carlo simulation modeldirectors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the initial valuationpurchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the Public Warrants. affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

Not applicable.
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Table of Contents
Part III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The subsequent measurement of the Public Warrants as of December 31, 2020information required by this item is classified as Level 1 dueincorporated herein by reference to the use of an observable market quote in an active market under the ticker ACIC WS. The quoted price of the Public Warrants was $1.90 per warrant as of December 31, 2020.

The Company utilizes a Modified Black-Scholes model to value the Private Placement Warrants at each reporting period, with changes in fair value recognized in the statement of operations. The estimated fair value of the Private Placement warrant liability is determined using Level 3 inputs. Inherent in a binomial options pricing model are assumptions related to expected share-price volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and dividend yield. The Company estimates the volatility of its common stock based on historical volatility that matches the expected remaining life of the warrants. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon yield curve on the grant date for a maturity similar to the expected remaining life of the warrants. The expected life of the warrants is assumedour Proxy Statement to be equivalent to their remaining contractual term. The dividend rate is based onfiled with the historical rate, which the Company anticipates to remain at zero.

The aforementioned warrant liabilities are not subject to qualified hedge accounting.

Transfers to/from Levels 1, 2 and 3 are recognized atSEC within 120 days of the end of the reporting period. fiscal year covered by this Annual Report.

Item 11. Executive Compensation
The estimated fair valueinformation required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement, and is incorporated herein by reference.
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Table of Contents
Part IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report:
1. Financial Statements

See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.

2. Financial Statement Schedules

Schedules not listed above have been omitted because they are not required, not applicable, or the required information is otherwise included.

(b) Exhibits

The exhibits listed below are filed as part of this Annual Report or are incorporated by reference as indicated.
ExhibitDescription
2.1††
3.1
3.2
4.1*
4.2
10.1
10.2
10.3†
10.4†
10.5†
10.6†
10.7†
10.8†
10.9†
10.10†
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Table of Contents
ExhibitDescription
10.11†
10.12†
10.13†
10.14†
10.15**
10.16††
10.17**
10.18
10.19
10.20
10.21
10.22
10.23
10.24
10.25
10.26
10.27
10.28
10.29***††
10.30†
10.31†
10.32
89

Table of Contents
ExhibitDescription
10.33
10.34
10.35
10.36***††
10.37
21.1*
23.1*
24.1*
31.1*
31.2*
32.1#
32.2#
97.1
101.INS*Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104*Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
____________________
*Filed herewith.
**Portions of this exhibit are redacted pursuant to Regulation S-K Item 601(b)(10)(iv)
Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
††    Certain of the Public Warrants transferred fromexhibits and schedules to these exhibits have been omitted in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601(a)(5). The registrant agrees to furnish a Level 3 measurement to a Level 1 fair value measurement in December 2020 when the Public Warrants were separately listedcopy of all omitted exhibits and traded.


ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2020

The following table provides the significant inputsschedules to the Monte Carlo SimulationSEC upon its request.

#    This certification is deemed not filed for the initial measurementpurpose of section 18 of the fair value of the Public Warrants:

  At October 30,
2020 (Initial
Measurement)
 
Stock price $9.93 
Strike price $11.50 
Probability of completing a Business Combination  86.0%
Term (in years)  6.1 
Volatility  4.5% pre-merger / 26.0% post-merger 
Risk-free rate  0.5%
Fair value of warrants $1.52 

The following table provides the significant inputs to the Modified Black-Scholes model for the fair value of the Private Placement Warrants:

  At October 30,
2020 (Initial
Measurement)
  As of December 31,
2020
 
Stock price $9.93  $10.06 
Strike price $11.50  $11.50 
Probability of completing a Business Combination  86.0%  86.0%
Dividend yield  %  %
Term (in years)  6.1   5.9 
Volatility  22.8%  28.0%
Risk-free rate  0.5%  0.5%
Fair value of warrants $1.53  $1.98 

The following table presents the changes in the fair value of warrant liabilities:

  Private Placement  Public  Warrant Liabilities 
Fair value as of August 26, 2020 $     $ 
Initial measurement at October 30, 2020 12,240,000   25,333,340   37,573,340 
Change in valuation inputs or other assumptions 3,600,000   6,333,330   9,933,330 
Fair value as of December 31, 2020 $15,840,000   31,666,670  $47,506,670 

The Company recognized losses in connection with changes in the fair value of warrant liabilities of $9,933,330 within change in fair value of warrant liabilities in the Statement of Operations during the year ended December 31, 2020.

NOTE 12. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Business Combination Agreement

On February 10, 2021, the Company entered into a Business Combination Agreement (as it may be amended, supplementedExchange Act or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Business Combination Agreement”), by and among the Company, Artemis Acquisition Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Artemis Merger Sub”), and Archer Aviation Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Archer”).


ATLAS CREST INVESTMENT CORP.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2020

The Business Combination Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby were approved by the boards of directors of each of the Company and Archer.

The Business Combination Agreement provides for, among other things, the following transactions on the date of closing of the Business Combination (the “Closing”): (i) Atlas will amend and restate its certificate of incorporation (the “Post-Closing Atlas Certificate of Incorporation”), pursuant to which, among other things, Atlas will have a dual class share structure with (A) shares of Class A common stock that will carry voting rights in the form of one vote per share (the “New Class A Common Stock”), and (B) shares of Class B common stock that will carry voting rights in the form of ten votes per share (the “New Class B Common Stock” and, together with the New Class A Common Stock, the “New Atlas Common Stock”), and (ii) Artemis Merger Sub will merge with and into Archer, with Archer as the surviving company in the merger and, after giving effect to such merger, continuing as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Atlas (the “Merger”).

The Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement are hereinafter referred to as the “Business Combination”.

The Business Combination is subject to customary closing conditions, including, without limitation, the receipt of the required approval by Atlas’ stockholders.

In accordance with the terms and subject to the conditionsliability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Business Combination Agreement, atSecurities Act or the effective timeExchange Act.


(c) Financial Statement Schedules

Reference is made to Item 15(a) 2 above.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
Not applicable.
90

Table of the Merger, (i) outstanding shares of common stock and preferred stock of Archer will be converted into a right to receive a number of shares of New Class B Common Stock determined on the basis of an implied Archer equity value of $2,525,000,000 (the “Implied Equity Value”), (ii) all stock awards (whether vested or unvested) to purchase Archer common stock will be converted into stock awards to purchase a number of shares of New Class B Common Stock based on an exchange ratio derived from the Implied Equity Value, and (iii) outstanding warrants (whether vested or unvested) to purchase Archer common stock will be converted into warrants to purchase a number of shares of New Class B Common Stock determined on the basis of the Implied Equity Value. The former Archer equity holders will have the right to convert their shares of New Class B Common Stock into shares of New Class A Common Stock pursuant to the Post-Closing Atlas Certificate of Incorporation.

PIPE Financing (Private Placement)

Concurrently with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, the Company entered into subscription agreements (the “Subscription Agreements”) with certain investors. Contents

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the Subscription Agreements,requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Annual Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

ARCHER AVIATION INC.
February 29, 2024By:/s/ Mark Mesler
Mark Mesler
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each investor agreedperson whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Adam Goldstein and Mark Mesler, and each of them, as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact, proxies and agents, each with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to subscribe forsign any and purchase,all amendments to this report and to file the Company agreedsame, with any exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto such attorneys-in-fact, proxies and agents full power and authority to issuedo and sellperform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to such investors,be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact, proxies and agents, or their or his or her substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this Annual Report has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the Closing Date (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement) substantially concurrently with the Closing (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement), an aggregate of 60,000,000 shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock for a purchase price of $10.00 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $600 million (the “PIPE Financing”).

The closing of the PIPE Financing is contingent upon, among other things, the substantially concurrent consummation of the Business Combination. The Subscription Agreements provide that Atlas will grant the investors in the PIPE Financing certain customary registration rights.

dates indicated:


SignatureTitleDate
/s/ Adam Goldstein
Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
February 29, 2024
Adam Goldstein
/s/ Mark Mesler
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
February 29, 2024
Mark Mesler
/s/ Deborah DiazDirectorFebruary 29, 2024
Deborah Diaz
/s/ Fred DiazDirectorFebruary 29, 2024
Fred Diaz
/s/ Oscar MunozDirectorFebruary 29, 2024
Oscar Munoz
/s/ Barbara J. PilarskiDirectorFebruary 29, 2024
Barbara J. Pilarski
/s/ Maria PinelliDirectorFebruary 29, 2024
Maria Pinelli
/s/ Michael SpellacyDirectorFebruary 29, 2024
Michael Spellacy
91