Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
ýQuarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 20172018
or
¨Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from             to            
Commission File Number: 1-5415
 
A. M. Castle & Co.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 
 
 
Maryland36-0879160
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation of organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
  
1420 Kensington Road, Suite 220, Oak Brook, Illinois60523
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone, including area code (847) 455-7111


(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report) None
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    
Yes  ý No  ¨  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    
Yes  ý No  ¨  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer¨  Accelerated filer
¨

Non-accelerated filer¨(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting companyý
    Emerging growth company¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    
Yes  ¨ No  ý  
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock as of May 1, 201710, 2018 was 32,486,0393,802,839 shares.

A. M. Castle & Co.
Table of Contents
 
  Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  


Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)
Amounts in thousands, except par value and per share data
A.M. Castle & Co.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
A.M. Castle & Co.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
A.M. Castle & Co.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
As ofSuccessor
March 31,
2017
 December 31,
2016
March 31,
2018
 December 31,
2017
ASSETS      
Current assets:      
Cash and cash equivalents$16,245
 $35,624
$7,778
 $11,104
Accounts receivable, less allowances of $1,797 and $1,945, respectively
80,704
 64,385
Accounts receivable, less allowances of $1,663 and $1,586, respectively
91,784
 74,370
Inventories158,637
 146,603
158,064
 154,491
Prepaid expenses and other current assets14,027
 10,141
16,073
 12,274
Income tax receivable152
 433
1,923
 1,576
Total current assets269,765
 257,186
275,622
 253,815
Intangible assets, net2,571
 4,101
Goodwill and intangible assets, net8,176
 8,176
Prepaid pension cost9,219
 8,501
11,433
 10,745
Deferred income taxes410
 381
1,298
 1,278
Other noncurrent assets8,299
 9,449
1,934
 1,344
Property, plant and equipment:      
Land2,071
 2,070
5,581
 5,581
Buildings37,368
 37,341
21,238
 21,296
Machinery and equipment127,960
 125,836
34,645
 33,011
Property, plant and equipment, at cost167,399
 165,247
61,464
 59,888
Accumulated depreciation(118,513) (115,537)(5,211) (2,961)
Property, plant and equipment, net48,886
 49,710
56,253
 56,927
Total assets$339,150
 $329,328
$354,716
 $332,285
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT   
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY   
Current liabilities:      
Accounts payable$52,604
 $33,083
$52,911
 $41,757
Accrued and other current liabilities23,790
 19,854
16,396
 13,931
Income tax payable95
 209
163
 262
Short-term borrowings4,803
 5,854
Current portion of long-term debt75
 137
119
 118
Total current liabilities76,564
 53,283
74,392
 61,922
Long-term debt, less current portion287,101
 286,459
214,977
 199,903
Deferred income taxes139
 
16,294
 16,166
Build-to-suit liability12,528
 12,305
9,431
 10,148
Other noncurrent liabilities5,677
 5,978
3,727
 3,784
Pension and postretirement benefit obligations6,336
 6,430
6,344
 6,377
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
 

 
Stockholders’ deficit:   
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value—9,988 shares authorized (including 400 Series B Junior Preferred, $0.00 par value); no shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016
 
Common stock, $0.01 par value—60,000 shares authorized; 32,768 shares issued and 32,482 outstanding at March 31, 2017 and 32,768 shares issued and 32,566 outstanding at December 31, 2016327
 327
Stockholders’ equity:   
Common stock, $0.01 par value—200,000 Class A shares authorized with 3,734 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively37
 37
Additional paid-in capital245,065
 244,825
51,526
 49,944
Accumulated deficit(266,783) (253,291)(18,468) (13,327)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(26,725) (25,939)(3,544) (2,669)
Treasury stock, at cost—286 shares at March 31, 2017 and 202 shares at December 31, 2016(1,079) (1,049)
Total stockholders’ deficit(49,195) (35,127)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit$339,150
 $329,328
Total stockholders’ equity29,551
 33,985
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$354,716
 $332,285

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

A.M. Castle & Co.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
and Comprehensive Loss
A.M. Castle & Co.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
and Comprehensive Loss
A.M. Castle & Co.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
and Comprehensive Loss
Three Months EndedSuccessor  Predecessor
March 31,Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018
  Three Months Ended
March 31, 2017
As Adjusted*
2017 2016  
Net sales$135,926
 $163,848
$145,873
  $135,926
Costs and expenses:       
Cost of materials (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)101,037
 133,758
109,904
  101,037
Warehouse, processing and delivery expense18,719
 23,403
20,355
  18,719
Sales, general and administrative expense14,486
 17,437
16,548
  15,096
Restructuring expense128
 11,718

  128
Depreciation and amortization expense3,864
 4,393
2,376
  3,864
Total costs and expenses138,234
 190,709
149,183
  138,844
Operating loss(2,308) (26,861)(3,310)  (2,918)
Interest expense, net10,736
 10,369
7,126
  11,946
Financial restructuring expense877
 

  877
Unrealized loss on embedded debt conversion option146
 

  146
Debt restructuring loss, net
 7,075
Other (income) expense, net(512) 1,145
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in earnings of joint venture(13,555) (45,450)
Other income, net(4,774)  (2,332)
Loss before income taxes(5,662)  (13,555)
Income tax benefit(63) (335)(521)  (63)
Loss from continuing operations before equity in earnings of joint venture(13,492) (45,115)
Equity in earnings of joint venture
 311
Loss from continuing operations(13,492) (44,804)
Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes
 7,934
Net loss$(13,492) $(36,870)$(5,141)  $(13,492)
       
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share:   
Continuing operations$(0.42) $(1.90)
Discontinued operations
 0.34
Net basic and diluted loss per common share$(0.42) $(1.56)
Basic and diluted loss per common share$(2.57)  $(0.42)
       
Comprehensive loss:       
Net loss$(13,492) $(36,870)$(5,141)  $(13,492)
Change in unrecognized pension and postretirement benefit costs, net of tax214
 456

  214
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax(1,000) 611
(875)  (1,000)
Comprehensive loss$(14,278) $(35,803)$(6,016)  $(14,278)
   
* Adjusted due to the adoption of ASU No. 2017-07, "Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost." See Note 3 - New Accounting Standards, for additional information.
* Adjusted due to the adoption of ASU No. 2017-07, "Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost." See Note 3 - New Accounting Standards, for additional information.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

A.M. Castle & Co.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 Three Months Ended
 March 31,
 2017 2016
Operating activities:   
Net loss$(13,492) $(36,870)
Less: Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes
 7,934
Loss from continuing operations(13,492) (44,804)
Adjustments to reconcile loss from continuing operations to net cash used in operating activities of continuing operations:   
Depreciation and amortization3,864
 4,393
Amortization of deferred gain(16) (56)
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount1,410
 2,439
Debt restructuring loss
 7,075
Loss from lease termination
 4,539
Unrealized loss on embedded debt conversion option146
 
(Gain) loss on sale of property, plant and equipment(2) 1,774
Unrealized gain on commodity hedges
 (263)
    Unrealized foreign currency transaction gain(527) (61)
Equity in earnings of joint venture
 (311)
Share-based compensation expense154
 202
Deferred income taxes(734) 
Other, net223
 
Changes in assets and liabilities:   
Accounts receivable(15,164) (9,979)
Inventories(10,285) 26,563
Prepaid expenses and other current assets(3,938) (2,129)
Other noncurrent assets2,635
 (173)
Prepaid pension costs(718) (122)
Accounts payable15,281
 4,073
Income tax payable and receivable144
 504
Accrued and other current liabilities3,652
 8,902
Pension and postretirement benefit obligations and other noncurrent liabilities(171) 968
Net cash (used in) from operating activities of continuing operations(17,538) 3,534
Net cash used in operating activities of discontinued operations
 (5,219)
Net cash used in operating activities(17,538) (1,685)
Investing activities:   
Capital expenditures(1,096) (1,238)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment2
 467
Change in cash collateralization of letters of credit45
 
Net cash used in investing activities of continuing operations(1,049) (771)
Net cash from investing activities of discontinued operations
 53,570
Net cash (used in) from investing activities(1,049) 52,799
Financing activities:   
Proceeds from long-term debt
 287,113
Repayments of long-term debt(78) (331,196)
Payments of debt restructuring costs
 (7,075)
Payments of debt issue costs(911) 
Payments of build-to-suit liability
 (462)
Net cash used in financing activities(989) (51,620)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents197
 124
Net change in cash and cash equivalents(19,379) (382)


A.M. Castle & Co.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
A.M. Castle & Co.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
A.M. Castle & Co.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Three Months EndedSuccessor  Predecessor
March 31,Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018
  Three Months Ended
March 31, 2017
2017 2016  
Operating activities:    
Net loss$(5,141)  $(13,492)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:    
Depreciation and amortization2,376
  3,864
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount1,580
  1,410
Unrealized loss on embedded debt conversion option
  146
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment(5)  (2)
Unrealized foreign currency gain(991)  (527)
Noncash interest paid in kind2,954
  
Noncash compensation expense646
  154
Deferred income taxes127
  (734)
Other, net154
  207
Changes in assets and liabilities:    
Accounts receivable(17,195)  (15,164)
Inventories(3,389)  (10,285)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets(3,848)  (3,938)
Other noncurrent assets312
  2,635
Prepaid pension costs(688)  (718)
Accounts payable11,095
  15,281
Income tax payable and receivable(440)  144
Accrued and other current liabilities1,304
  3,652
Pension and postretirement benefit obligations and other noncurrent liabilities(54)  (171)
Net cash used in operating activities(11,203)  (17,538)
Investing activities:    
Capital expenditures(1,538)  (1,096)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment5
  2
Proceeds from release of cash collateralization of letters of credit
  45
Net cash used in investing activities(1,533)  (1,049)
Financing activities:    
Proceeds from long-term debt including credit facilities11,500
  
Repayments of long-term debt including credit facilities(22)  (78)
Repayments of short-term borrowings, net(1,191)  
Payments of debt issue costs
  (911)
Payments of build-to-suit liability(897)  
Net cash from (used in) financing activities9,390
  (989)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents20
  197
Net change in cash and cash equivalents(3,326)  (19,379)
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of year35,624
 11,100
11,104
  35,624
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period$16,245
 $10,718
$7,778
  $16,245
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

A. M. Castle & Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Unaudited - Amounts in thousands except per share data and percentages
(1) Basis of Presentation
As previously disclosed, on June 18, 2017 (the "Petition Date"), A. M. Castle & Co. (the "Company") and four of its subsidiaries (together with the Company, the "Debtors") filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code (the "Bankruptcy Code") with the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware in Wilmington, Delaware (the "Bankruptcy Court"). Also on June 18, 2017, the Debtors filed the Debtors' Prepackaged Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization with the Bankruptcy Court and on July 25, 2017, the Debtors filed the Debtors' Amended Prepackaged Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization (the "Plan") with the Bankruptcy Court. On August 2, 2017, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order (the "Confirmation Order") confirming the Plan. On August 31, 2017 (the "Effective Date"), the Plan became effective pursuant to its terms and the Debtors emerged from their chapter 11 cases. Refer to Note 2 - Bankruptcy Related Disclosures.
The condensed consolidatedCondensed Consolidated Financial Statements included herein have been prepared to reflect the application of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") No. 852, "Reorganizations" and ASC 805, "Business Combinations". Accordingly, the Company adopted fresh-start accounting upon emergence from their chapter 11 cases and became a new entity for financial statementsreporting purposes as of September 1, 2017. For accounting purposes all emergence related transactions of the Predecessor including the impact of the issuance of the Successor common stock, the entry into a new asset-based revolving credit facility and new senior secured convertible notes, and the accelerated debt obligations of the Company that were satisfied pursuant to the terms of the Plan, were recorded as of August 31, 2017. Accordingly, the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the Successor are not comparable to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the Predecessor.
Also in connection with the adoption of fresh-start accounting, the Company elected to make an accounting policy change related to the accounting for stock-based compensation. The Predecessor estimated the level of forfeitures expected to occur at the time of each grant and recorded compensation expense only for those stock-based awards that it ultimately expected would vest. The estimate was based on the Company's historical rates of forfeitures and was updated periodically. The Successor has elected to no longer estimate the number of stock-based awards expected to vest but rather, will account for forfeitures as they occur.
The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included herein have been prepared by A. M. Castle & Co. and subsidiaries (the “Company”),the Company, without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). This report contains Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company as of March 31, 2018 (Successor) and for the three-months ended March 31, 2018 (Successor) and March 31, 2017 (Predecessor). The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 20162017 (Successor) is derived from the audited financial statements at that date. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. In the opinion of management, the unaudited statements included herein contain all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of financial results for the interim period. These condensed consolidated financial statementsCondensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statementsConsolidated Financial Statements and the notesNotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017. The 20172018 interim results reported herein may not necessarily be indicative of the results of the Company’s operations for the full year.
(2) Bankruptcy Related Disclosures
Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Filing
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared onOn the basisPetition Date, the Debtors filed voluntary chapter 11 petitions for reorganization under the Bankruptcy Code with the Bankruptcy Court pursuant to the terms of a Restructuring Support Agreement (as defined below) that contemplated the reorganization of the Debtors pursuant to a prepackaged plan of reorganization. The chapter 11 cases were consolidated for procedural purposes only and were administered jointly under the caption In re Keystone Tube Company, continuingLLC., et al. (Case No. 17-11330). No trustee was appointed in the chapter 11 cases, and during the pendency of the chapter 11 cases, the Debtors continued to operate their business as “debtors-in-possession” subject to the supervision and orders of the Bankruptcy Court in accordance with the Bankruptcy Code.
The filing of the bankruptcy petitions constituted a default or event of default that accelerated the Company’s obligations under (i) the Credit Facilities Agreement (as defined below) and the 11.00% Senior Secured Term Loan Credit Facilities

due 2018 issued pursuant thereto (the "Credit Facilities"), (ii) the Indenture dated February 8, 2016 (the "Secured Notes Indenture") and the 12.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2018 issued pursuant thereto (the "Secured Notes"), and (iii) the Indenture dated May 19, 2016 (the "Convertible Notes Indenture") and the 5.25% Convertible Senior Secured Notes due 2019 issued pursuant thereto (the "Convertible Notes"). The Credit Facilities Agreement, the Secured Notes Indenture, and the Convertible Notes Indenture provide that, as a going concern for a reasonable periodresult of time. The Company's principal sourcethe filing of liquidity is cash flows from operations. The Company's plan indicates that it will have sufficient cash flows from its operationsthe bankruptcy petitions, all outstanding indebtedness due thereunder shall be immediately due and payable. Any efforts to continueenforce such payment obligations under the Credit Facilities Agreement, the Secured Notes Indenture, and the Convertible Notes Indenture were automatically stayed as a going concern. The Company's abilityresult of the bankruptcy petitions, and the creditors’ rights of enforcement in respect of the Credit Facilities Agreement, the Secured Notes Indenture, and the Convertible Notes Indenture are subject to have sufficient cash flowsthe applicable provisions of the Restructuring Support Agreement (as defined below) and the Bankruptcy Code.
Prior to continue as a going concern is basedthe Petition Date, on plans that rely on certain underlying assumptions and estimates that may differ from actual results. On April 6,June 16, 2017, the Company and certain of its subsidiariesDebtors entered into a restructuring supportan agreement (the "Commitment Agreement") with certain of their creditors.creditors (the "Commitment Parties"). The agreement contemplatesCommitment Parties are the financialholders (or the investment advisors or managers for the holders) of the Credit Facility term loans made to the Company under a Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated December 8, 2016, by and among the Company, Highbridge International Capital Management, LLC, Corre Partners Management, LLC, Whitebox Credit Partners, L.P., WFF Cayman II Limited, and SGF, LLC and Cantor Fitzgerald Securities, among others (as amended, the “Credit Facilities Agreement").
The Commitment Agreement was entered into pursuant to a Restructuring Support Agreement dated April 6, 2017, as amended, by and among the Debtors and certain of their creditors, including the Commitment Parties (the "RSA"). The RSA provides for a consensual restructuring of the debt and equity of the Company, which the Company seeks to effect by means of the Plan.
The Company continued its operations without interruption during the pendency of the chapter 11 cases and reorganization process. To maintain and continue ordinary course operations without interruption, the Company received approval from the Bankruptcy Court of a variety of “first day” motions seeking certain relief and authorizing the Company to maintain its operations and pay trade claims in the ordinary course.
Plan of Reorganization and Emergence from Chapter 11
Pursuant to the terms of the RSA, on the Petition Date, the Debtors filed the Plan with the Bankruptcy Court.
The Plan allowed general unsecured claims and claims that are unimpaired under the Plan to be paid in full in cash.
On August 2, 2017, the Bankruptcy Court entered the Confirmation Order approving and confirming the Plan. On the Effective Date, the Plan became effective pursuant to the terms described above and the subsidiaries. ReferDebtors emerged from their chapter 11 cases.
Key components of the Plan, which became effective on August 31, 2017, include:
Entry into a new senior secured exit financing facility in the form of an asset-based revolving credit facility (the "New ABL Facility") with PNC Bank, National Association, as lender and as administrative and collateral agent (the “Agent”), and the other lenders party thereto. The New ABL Agreement provides for a $125,000 senior secured, revolving credit facility for the Company. The proceeds of the advances under the New ABL Facility may only be used to (i) pay certain fees and expenses to the Agent and the lenders under the New ABL Facility, (ii) provide for Borrowers' working capital needs and reimburse drawings under letters of credit, (iii) repay the obligations under the Debtor-in-Possession Revolving Credit and Security Agreement dated as of June 10, 2017 ("DIP Facility"), by and among the Company, the lenders party thereto, and PNC Bank, National Association, and certain other existing indebtedness, and (iv) provide for the Borrowers' capital expenditure needs, in accordance with the New ABL Facility.
On the Effective Date, in connection with its entering into the New ABL Agreement, the Company borrowed an aggregate amount equal to $78,797, proceeds from which, along with proceeds of the New Money Notes (defined below) of $38,002, were used to pay down all outstanding indebtedness, accrued interest, and related fees of the Company under the Credit Facilities Agreement and the borrowings outstanding under the DIP Facility.
Entry into an Indenture (the “Second Lien Notes Indenture”) with Wilmington Savings Fund Society, FSB, as trustee and collateral agent (“Indenture Agent”) and, pursuant thereto, issued approximately$162,502 in aggregate original principal amount of its 5.00% / 7.00% Convertible Senior Secured Paid-in-Kind ("PIK")

Toggle Notes due 2022 (the “Second Lien Notes”), excluding restricted notes issued under the A.M. Castle & Co. 2017 Management Incentive Plan.
The Second Lien Notes were issued as follows:
$111,875 in aggregate principal Second Lien Notes issued to holders of Prepetition Second Lien Secured Claims in partial satisfaction of their claims;
$3,125 in aggregate principal Second Lien Notes issued to holders of Prepetition Third Lien Secured Claims in partial satisfaction of their claims; and
$47,502 in aggregate principal Second Lien Notes issued to the Commitment Parties pursuant to the Commitment Agreement (the "New Money Notes").
As a result of these Plan actions, all of the outstanding indebtedness of the Secured Notes and Convertible Notes was discharged and canceled.
Issuance of an aggregate of 2,000 shares of a new class of common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "New Common Stock"), as follows:
1,300 shares issued to holders of Prepetition Second Lien Secured Claims in partial satisfaction of their claims;
300 shares issued to holders of Prepetition Third Lien Secured Claims in partial satisfaction of their claims; and
400 shares issued to participating holders of the Company's outstanding common stock as of August 2, 2017.
Payment in full of all general unsecured claims and claims that were unimpaired under the Plan in cash in the ordinary course of business.
Cash payment of $6,646 to holders of Prepetition Second Lien Secured Claims.
Cash payment of a put option fee of $2,000 to the Commitment Parties pursuant to the Commitment Agreement.
All agreements, instruments, and other documents evidencing, relating to or connected with any equity interests of the Company (which include the Company's prior common stock, warrants to purchase the Company’s prior common stock, and unvested/unexercised awards under any management equity plans adopted before the Effective Date) were canceled and extinguished without recovery.
All prior director, officer and employee incentive plans, as well as the awards issued thereunder, were canceled. The new A.M. Castle & Co. 2017 Management Incentive Plan, under which persons eligible to receive awards including directors, officers and employees of the Company and its subsidiaries, became effective.    
Financial Reporting During Bankruptcy
During the pendency of the Company's chapter 11 cases, expenses and income directly associated with the chapter 11 proceedings were reported separately in reorganization items, net in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Reorganization items, net also include adjustments to reflect the carrying value of liabilities subject to compromise ("LSTC") at their estimated allowed claim amounts, as such adjustments were determined. In addition, effective as of the Petition Date and during the pendency of the Company's chapter 11 cases, the Company discontinued recording interest expense on outstanding prepetition debt classified as LSTC. Upon the Company's emergence from its chapter 11 cases, the Company settled and extinguished or reinstated liabilities that were subject to compromise.
Fresh-Start Accounting
Under ASC No. 852, "Reorganizations", fresh-start accounting is required upon emergence from chapter 11 if (i) the reorganization value of the assets of the emerging entity immediately before the date of confirmation is less than the total of all post-petition liabilities and allowed claims; and (ii) holders of existing voting shares immediately before confirmation receive less than 50% of the voting shares of the emerging entity. The Company qualified for and adopted fresh-start accounting as of the Effective Date. Adopting fresh-start accounting results in a new reporting entity with no beginning retained earnings or deficits. The cancellation of all existing common shares outstanding on the Effective

Date and issuance of new shares of the reorganized entity resulted in a change of control of the Company under ASC No. 852 "Reorganizations".
Adoption of fresh-start accounting resulted in the Company becoming a new entity for financial reporting purposes and the recording of the Company’s assets and liabilities at their fair value as of the Effective Date, with the excess of reorganization value over net asset values recorded as goodwill, in conformity with ASC No. 805, "Business Combinations". The estimated fair values of the Company’s assets and liabilities as of that date differed from the recorded values of its assets and liabilities as reflected in its historical consolidated financial statements. In addition, the Company’s adoption of fresh-start accounting affected its results of operations following the fresh-start reporting date, as the Company had a new basis in its assets and liabilities. The Company also adopted one new accounting policy in connection with its adoption of fresh-start accounting (see Note 141 -Subsequent Events Basis of Presentation). Consequently, the Company’s financial statements on or after the Effective Date are not comparable with the financial statements prior to that date and the historical financial statements before the Effective Date are not reliable indicators of its financial condition and results of operations for any period after it adopted fresh-start accounting.
(2)(3) New Accounting Standards
Standards Updates Adopted
Effective January 1,In March 2017, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB")FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-09, "Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting," which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions. Under ASU No. 2016-09, a company recognizes all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement, eliminating the notion of the additional paid-in capital pool and significantly reducing the complexity and cost of accounting for excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies. For interim reporting purposes, excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies are considered discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur and are not included in the estimate of an entity’s annual effective tax rate. ASU No. 2016-09 further eliminates the requirement to defer recognition of an excess tax benefit until the benefit is realized through a reduction to taxes payable. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-09 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
Standards Updates Issued Not Yet Effective
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, "Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost." Under the new guidance, employers must present the service cost component of the net periodic benefit cost in the same income statement line item(s) as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period. In addition, only the service cost component will be eligible for capitalization in assets. The other components of net periodic benefit cost must be reported separately from the line item(s) that includes the service cost component and outside of any subtotal of operating income, if one is presented. Employers will have to disclose the line(s) used to present the other components of net periodic benefit cost, if the components are not presented separately in the income statement. The guidance on the income statement presentation of the components of net periodic benefit cost must be applied retrospectively, while the guidance limiting the capitalization of net periodic benefit cost in assets to the service cost component must be applied prospectively. For public business entities, the guidance iswas effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual period for which interim financial statements have not been issued. The Company is currently evaluatingadopted ASU 2017-07 in the first quarter of 2018 and concluded it had no impact on its net loss before income taxes. Prior to the adoption of ASU No. 2017-07, the Company's net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs were reported as sales, general and administrative expense on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. As a result of the adoption of ASU No. 2017-07, the Company reclassified the interest cost component of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs of $1,210 from sales, general and administrative expense to interest expense and a net periodic pension and postretirement benefit of $1,820 from sales, general and administrative expense to other income, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss in the three months ended March 31, 2017 (Predecessor).
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, "Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350)", which simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating step two from the goodwill impairment test. ASU 2017-04 is effective for annual and interim impairment tests beginning January 1, 2020 for the Company and is required to be adopted using a prospective approach. Early adoption is allowed for annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. Unless an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value, the Company's annual goodwill impairment testing will havenext occur on December 1, 2018. The Company adopted the new guidance in the first quarter of 2018 and as a result, will no longer apply step two from the goodwill impairment test when performing its consolidated financial statements.annual or interim goodwill impairment testing, if necessary.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments," to reduce the existing diversity in practice related to how certain cash receipts

and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows under Topic 230. The amendments in ASU No. 2016-15 address eight specific cash flow issues and apply to all entities that are required to present a statement of cash flows under Topic 230. The provisions of ASU No. 2016-15 must be applied retrospectively to all periods presented with limited exceptions. For public companies, the amendments in ASU No. 2016-15 arewere effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company does not expect theCompany's adoption of ASU No. 2016-15 on January 1, 2018 had no financial statement impact and the Company will apply the presentation and statement of cash flows classification guidance going forward.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)" and has subsequently issued several supplemental and/or clarifying ASUs (collectively, "ASC 606"). The underlying principle of ASC 606 is that a business or other organization will recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects what it expects in exchange for the goods or services. The standard also requires more detailed disclosures and provides additional guidance for transactions that were not addressed completely in prior accounting guidance. Adoption of ASC 606 was required for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Almost all of the Company’s purchase orders, contracts or purchase agreements do not contain performance obligations other than delivery of the agreed upon product, with title transfer generally occurring at the time of shipment. Thus, the Company generally recognizes revenue upon shipment of the product. Based on the Company's analysis of all of its revenue generating activities and the contracts which might impact its revenue generating activities in light of the new standard, the Company has concluded that the timing and amount of revenue recognized under ASC 606 is consistent with the revenue recognition policy under the previous guidance and none of its revenue streams are materially affected by the adoption of ASC 606.
Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the requirements of ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method, which requires the recognition of the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard (if any) as an adjustment to opening retained earnings for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASC 606 did not result in the recognition of a cumulative adjustment to opening retained earnings under the modified retrospective approach, nor did it have a material impacteffect on its consolidatedthe Company’s financial statements.position or results of operations. The adoption of ASC 606 did result in the addition of required disclosures within the notes to the financial statements and the modification of certain significant accounting policies, as disclosed in Note 4 - Revenue.
Standards Updates Issued Not Yet Effective
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)," which requires that lessees recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms greater than twelve months in the statement of financial position. ASU No. 2016-02 also requires additional disclosures to help users of financial statements better understand the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The provisions of ASU No. 2016-02 are to be applied using a modified retrospective approach, and are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements, but the Company expects that most existing operating lease commitments will be recognized as operating lease obligations and right-of-use assets as a result of adoption.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)," related to revenue recognition. The underlying principle
(4) Revenue
Adoption of the new standard is that a business or other organization will recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects what it expects in exchange for the goods or services. The standard also requires more detailed disclosures and provides additional guidance for transactions that were not addressed completely in prior accounting guidance. The ASU permits the use of either the retrospective or modified retrospective (cumulative-effect) transition method of adoption. ASU No. 2015-14, "Deferral of the Effective Date," was issued in August 2015 to defer the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 for public companies until annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. In 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08,ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), ASU No. 2016-10, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing,” ASU No. 2016-12, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients," and ASU No. 2016-20, "Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers," which provide supplemental adoption guidance and clarification to ASU No. 2014-09. ASU No. 2016-08, ASU No. 2016-10, ASU No. 2016-12 and ASU No. 2016-20 must be
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted concurrently with the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of these ASU's on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures, and plans to adopt these ASU's in the first quarter of 2018ASC 606 using the modified retrospective transition method.method in which the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard was applied to contracts not completed as of that date. The adoption of Topic 606 did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
(3) Discontinued Operation
On March 15, 2016, the Company completedRevenue from the sale of substantially allproducts is recognized when the assetsearnings process is complete and when the title and risk and rewards of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Total Plastics, Inc. ("TPI") for $55,070 in cash, subjectownership have passed to customary working capital adjustments. Under the termscustomer, which is primarily at the time of shipment. Revenue recognized other than at the time of shipment represented less than 1% of the sale, $1,500 of the purchase price was placed into escrow pending adjustment based upon the final calculation of the working capital at closing. The sale resultedCompany’s consolidated net sales in preliminary pre-tax and after-tax gains of $4,217 and $2,994, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2016.2018 (Successor) and March 31, 2017 (Predecessor). Customer payment terms are established prior to the time of shipment. Provisions for allowances related to sales discounts and rebates are recorded based on terms of the sale in the period that the sale is recorded. The Company utilizes historical information and the buyer agreedcurrent sales trends of the business to the final working capital adjustment during the third quarter of 2016, which resultedestimate such provisions. The provisions related to discounts and rebates due to customers are recorded as a reduction within net sales in the full escrowed amount being returnedCompany’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
Revenue from shipping and handling charges is recorded in net sales. Costs incurred in connection with shipping and handling the Company’s products, which are related to the buyer. The sale ultimately resultedthird-party carriers or performed by Company personnel, are included in pre-taxwarehouse, processing and after-tax gains of $2,003 and $1,306, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Summarized results of the discontinued operation fordelivery expenses. In the three months ended March 31, 20162018 (Successor) and March 31, 2017 (Predecessor), shipping and handling costs included in warehouse, processing and delivery expenses were $6,792 and $5,730, respectively. As a practical expedient under ASC 606, the Company has elected to account for shipping and handling activities as follows:fulfillment costs and not a promised good or service. As a result, there is no change to the Company's accounting for revenue from shipping and handling charges under ASC 606.

The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts related to the potential inability of customers to make required payments. The allowance for doubtful accounts is maintained at a level considered appropriate based on historical experience and specific identification of customer receivable balances for which collection is unlikely. The provision for doubtful accounts is recorded in sales, general and administrative expense in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Estimates of doubtful accounts are based on historical write-off experience as a percentage of net sales and judgments about the probable effects of economic conditions on certain customers.
The Company also maintains an allowance for credit memos for estimated credit memos to be issued against current sales. Estimates of allowance for credit memos are based upon the application of a historical issuance lag period to the average credit memos issued each month.
Accounts receivable allowance for doubtful accounts and credit memos activity is presented in the table below:
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
Net sales$29,680
Cost of materials21,027
Operating costs and expenses7,288
Interest expense(a)
333
Income from discontinued operations before income taxes$1,032
Income tax expense benefit (b)
(3,908)
Gain on sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes2,994
Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes$7,934
 Successor  Predecessor
 Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018
  Three Months Ended
March 31, 2017
   
Balance, beginning of period$1,586
  $1,945
Add Provision charged to expense(a)
115
  22
Recoveries11
  21
Less Charges against allowance(49)  (191)
Balance, end of period$1,663
  $1,797
(a)Interest expense was allocated Includes the net amount of credit memos reserved and issued.
The Company operates primarily in North America. Net sales are attributed to the discontinued operationcountries based on the debt that was required to be paid as a resultlocation of the saleCompany’s subsidiary that is selling direct to the customer and exclude assessed taxes such as sales and excise tax. Company-wide geographic data is as follows:
 Successor  Predecessor
 Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018
  Three Months Ended
March 31, 2017
   
Net sales    
United States$93,566
  $84,940
Canada12,454
  10,531
Mexico15,948
  12,772
All other countries23,905
  27,683
Total$145,873
  $135,926
The Company does not incur significant incremental costs when obtaining customer contracts and any costs that are incurred are generally not recoverable from its customers. Substantially all of TPI.the Company's customer contracts are for a duration of less than one year. As a practical expedient under ASC 606, the Company has elected to continue to recognize incremental costs of obtaining a contract, if any, as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset would have been one year or less. The Company does not have any costs to obtain a contract that are capitalized under ASC 606.
(b) Income tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2016 includes $4,207 reversal of valuation allowance resulting from the sale of TPI.
(4) Earnings (Loss)(5) Loss Per Share
Diluted earnings (loss)loss per common share is computed by dividing income (loss)net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus outstanding common stock equivalents. Common stock equivalents consist of employee and director stock options (Predecessor), restricted stock awards (Predecessor and Successor), other share-based payment awards (Predecessor), and contingently issuable shares related to the Company’s 7.0%5.25% Convertible Senior Notes due December 15, 2017 (the "Convertible Notes")(Predecessor), and the Company's 5.25% Convertible Senior SecuredSecond Lien Notes due December 30, 2019 (the "New Convertible Notes")(Successor), which are included in the calculation of weighted average shares outstanding using the treasury stock method, if dilutive.if-converted method. Refer to Note 7 - Debt for further description of the Convertible Notes and New ConvertibleSecond Lien Notes.

The following table is a reconciliationtables are reconciliations of the basic and diluted earnings (loss)loss per common share calculations:
 
 Successor  Predecessor
 Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018
  Three Months Ended
March 31, 2017
   
Numerator:    
Net loss$(5,141)  $(13,492)
Denominator:    
Weighted average common shares outstanding2,000
  32,303
Effect of dilutive securities:    
Outstanding common stock equivalents
  
Denominator for diluted loss per common share2,000
  32,303
     
Basic loss per common share$(2.57)  $(0.42)
Diluted loss per common share$(2.57)  $(0.42)
Excluded outstanding share-based awards having an anti-dilutive effect1,734
  2,468
 Three Months Ended
 March 31,
 2017 2016
Numerator:   
Loss from continuing operations$(13,492) $(44,804)
Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes
 7,934
Net loss$(13,492) $(36,870)
Denominator:   
Weighted average common shares outstanding32,303
 23,625
Effect of dilutive securities:   
Outstanding common stock equivalents
 
Denominator for diluted earnings (loss) per common share32,303
 23,625
    
Basic earnings (loss) per common share:   
Continuing operations$(0.42) $(1.90)
Discontinued operations
 0.34
Net basic loss per common share$(0.42) $(1.56)
    
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share:   
Continuing operations$(0.42) $(1.90)
Discontinued operations
 0.34
Net diluted loss per common share$(0.42) $(1.56)
Excluded outstanding share-based awards having an anti-dilutive effect2,468
 954
Excluded "in the money" portion of New Convertible Notes having an anti-dilutive effect
 
The Newcomputation of diluted loss per common share does not include common shares issuable upon conversion of the Company’s outstanding Second Lien Notes (Successor) or the 5.25% Convertible Notes (Predecessor), as they were anti-dilutive under the if-converted method.
The Second Lien Notes (Successor) are dilutive toconvertible into shares of the extentCompany’s common stock at any time at the Company generates net income and the average stock price during the period is greater than $2.25 per share, which is theinitial conversion price of the New Convertible Notes. The New Convertible Notes are only dilutive for the “in the money” portion of the New Convertible Notes that could be settled with the Company’s common stock.$3.77 per share. In future periods, absent a fundamental change (as defined in the New ConvertibleSecond Lien Notes indenture)Indenture), the outstanding New ConvertibleSecond Lien Notes could increase diluted average shares outstanding by a maximum of approximately 9,90043,700 shares. The Convertible Notes would have an insignificant impact on the diluted average shares outstanding if settled with the Company's stock.
(5) Joint Venture(6) Goodwill and Intangible Asset
Kreher Steel Company, LLC ("Kreher"), a national distributor and processorIn connection with the Company’s adoption of carbon and alloy steel bar products headquartered in Melrose Park, Illinois, was a 50% owned joint venture offresh-start accounting on the Company. In June 2016,Effective Date, the Company received an offer from its joint venture partner to purchase its ownership share in Kreher for an amount that was less thanrecorded $2,675 of goodwill representing the current carryingexcess of reorganization value over the fair value of the Company's investmentidentifiable tangible and intangible assets. The goodwill is not tax deductible. There were no changes in Kreher. The Company determined that the offer to purchase its ownership share in Kreher at a purchase price lower than the carrying value indicated that it may not be able to recover the full carrying amount of its investment, and thereforegoodwill recognized a $4,636 other-than-temporary impairment charge in the second quarter of 2016 to reduce the carrying amount of the investment to the negotiated purchase price. Prior to receiving the purchase offer, the Company had no previous indicators that its investment in Kreher had incurred a loss in value that was other-than-temporary.
In August 2016, the Company completed the sale of its ownership share in Kreher to its joint venture partner for aggregate cash proceeds of $31,550, which resulted in a loss on disposal of $5, including selling expenses.

The following information summarizes financial data for Kreher for the three months ended March 31, 2016:2018 (Successor). Also as part of fresh-start accounting, the Company recorded an intangible asset comprised of the indefinite-lived trade name of the Successor, which is not subject to amortization. The gross carrying value of the trade name intangible asset was $5,500 at both March 31, 2018 (Successor) and December 31, 2017 (Successor).
The Company will test both its goodwill and intangible asset for impairment on an annual basis and more often if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value.
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
Net sales$31,518
Cost of materials26,601
Income before taxes566
Net income622
(6) Intangible Assets
Intangible assets consisted of customer relationships as follows:
 March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
Customer relationships$67,326
 $64,755
 $67,317
 $63,216
The Company recorded the following aggregate amortization expense associated with intangibles:
 Three Months Ended
 March 31,
 2017 2016
Amortization expense$1,533
 $1,527
The following is a summary of the estimated annual amortization expense for the remainder of 2017 and each of the subsequent years:
2017$2,571
2018$
2019$
2020$
2021$

(7) Debt
Long-term debt consisted of the following:
 
 March 31,
2017
 December 31,
2016
LONG-TERM DEBT   
7.0% Convertible Notes due December 15, 2017$25
 $41
11.0% Senior Secured Term Loan Credit Facilities due September 14, 201899,500
 99,500
12.75% Senior Secured Notes due December 15, 2018177,019
 177,019
5.25% Convertible Notes due December 30, 201922,323
 22,323
Other, primarily capital leases50
 96
Plus: derivative liability for embedded conversion feature549
 403
Less: unamortized discount(6,852) (7,587)
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs(5,438) (5,199)
Total long-term debt$287,176
 $286,596
Less: current portion75
 137
Total long-term portion$287,101
 $286,459
 Successor
 March 31,
2018
 December 31,
2017
LONG-TERM DEBT   
5.00% / 7.00% Second Lien Notes due August 31, 2022$171,720
 $168,767
Floating rate New ABL Credit Facility due February 28, 2022112,547
 101,047
Other, primarily capital leases268
 288
Less: unvested restricted Second Lien Notes(a)
(1,953) (2,144)
Less: unamortized discount(67,486) (67,937)
Total long-term debt215,096
 200,021
Less: current portion of long-term debt119
 118
Total long-term portion$214,977
 $199,903
Secured(a) Represents unvested portion of $2,400 of restricted Second Lien Notes issued to certain members of management (see Note 10 - Share-based compensation).
In 2016,New ABL Credit Facility
Pursuant to the Plan, on the Effective Date, the Successor entered into the New ABL Facility under which the Company completedand four of its subsidiaries each are borrowers (collectively, in such capacity, the “Borrowers”). The obligations of the Borrowers have been guaranteed by the subsidiaries of the Company named therein as guarantors. The New ABL Facility provides for a private exchange offer and consent solicitation (the “Exchange Offer”)$125,000 senior secured, revolving credit facility for the Company. Subject to certain eligible holdersexceptions and permitted encumbrances, the obligations under the New ABL Facility are secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of the assets of each of the Borrowers and certain of their foreign subsidiaries. The proceeds of the advances under the New ABL Facility may only be used to exchange new 12.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2018 (the “New Secured Notes”)(i) pay certain fees and expenses to the Agent and the lenders under the New ABL Facility, (ii) provide for Borrowers' working capital needs and reimburse drawings under letters of credit, (iii) repay the obligations under the Debtor-in-Possession Revolving Credit and Security Agreement dated as of July 10, 2017, by and among the Company, the lenders party thereto, and PNC Bank, National Association, and certain other existing indebtedness, and (iv) provide for the Company’s outstanding 12.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2016. Borrowers' capital expenditure needs, in accordance with the New ABL Facility.
The Company determined thatmay prepay its obligations under the Exchange Offer was consideredNew ABL Facility at any time without premium or penalty, and must apply the net proceeds of material sales of collateral in prepayment of such obligations. Indebtedness for borrowings under the New ABL Facility is subject to beacceleration upon the occurrence of specified defaults or events of default, including failure to pay principal or interest, the inaccuracy of any representation or warranty of a troubled debt restructuring withinloan party, failure by a loan party to perform certain covenants, defaults under indebtedness owed to third parties, certain liability producing events relating to ERISA, the scopeinvalidity or impairment of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") No. 470-60, "Debt - Troubled Debt Restructurings by Debtors",the Agent’s lien on its collateral or of any applicable guarantee, and certain adverse bankruptcy-related and other events.
Interest on indebtedness accrues based on the applicable Prime or LIBOR-based rate plus a margin, as set forth in the New ABL Facility. Additionally, the Company must pay a monthly facility fee equal to the product of (i) 0.25% per annum (or, if the average daily revolving facility usage is less than 50% of the maximum revolving advance amount, 0.375% per annum) multiplied by (ii) the amount by which the maximum revolving advance amount exceeds such average daily revolving facility usage for such month. The weighted average interest rate on outstanding borrowings under the New ABL Facility for the three months ended March 31, 2018 (Successor) was determined4.25% and the weighted average facility fee for the period was 0.25%. The Company pays certain customary recurring fees with respect to be experiencing financial difficulties and was granted a concession by the eligible holders. Accordingly, the Company expensed the eligible holder consent fees and related legal and other direct costs incurred in conjunction with the Exchange Offer in debt restructuring loss, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.New ABL Facility.
The New SecuredABL Facility includes negative covenants customary for an asset-based revolving loan. Such covenants include limitations on the ability of the Borrowers to, among other things, (i) effect mergers and consolidations, (ii) sell assets, (iii) create or suffer to exist any lien, (iv) make certain investments, (v) incur debt and (vi) transact with affiliates. In addition, the New ABL Facility includes customary affirmative covenants for an asset-based revolving loan, including covenants regarding the delivery of financial statements, reports and notices to the Agent. The New ABL Facility also contains customary representations and warranties and event of default provisions for a secured term loan.

The Company's New ABL Facility contains a springing financial maintenance covenant requiring the Company to maintain a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of 1.0 to 1.0 in any covenant testing period when the Company's cash liquidity (as defined in the New ABL Facility Agreement) is less than the greater of i) 10% of the New ABL Facility's maximum borrowing capacity (as defined in the New ABL Facility Agreement) and ii) $9,000. The Company is not in a covenant testing period as of March 31, 2018 (Successor).
Second Lien Notes
Pursuant to the Plan, on the Effective Date, the Company entered into a Second Lien Notes Indenture with Wilmington Savings Fund Society, FSB, as trustee and collateral agent (“Indenture Agent”) and, pursuant thereto, issued approximately $164,902 in aggregate original principal amount of its Second Lien Notes, including $2,400 of restricted Second Lien Notes issued to certain members of management (see Note 10 - Share-based compensation).
The Second Lien Notes are fullyfive year senior obligations of the Company and unconditionallycertain of its subsidiaries, secured by a lien on all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, its domestic subsidiaries and certain of its foreign subsidiaries, which lien the Indenture Agent has agreed will be junior to the lien of the Agent under the New ABL Facility.
The Second Lien Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s New Common Stock at any time at the initial conversion price of $3.77 per share, which rate is subject to adjustment as set forth in the Second Lien Notes Indenture. The value of shares of the Company’s New Common Stock for purposes of the settlement of the conversion right will be calculated as provided in the Second Lien Notes Indenture, using a 20 trading day observation period. Upon conversion, the Company will pay and/or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s New Common Stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s New Common Stock, at the Company’s election, together with cash in lieu of fractional shares.
Under the Second Lien Notes Indenture, in a conversion of the Second Lien Notes in connection with a “Fundamental Change” (as defined in the Second Lien Notes Indenture), for each $1.00 principal amount of the Second Lien Notes, that number of shares of the Company’s common stock issuable upon conversion shall equal the greater of (a) $1.00 divided by the then applicable conversion price and (b) $1.00 divided by the stock price with respect to such Fundamental Change, subject to other provisions of the Second Lien Notes Indenture. Subject to certain exceptions, under the Second Lien Notes Indenture a “Fundamental Change” includes, but is not limited to, the following: the acquisition of more than 50% of the voting power of the Company’s common equity by a “person” or “group” within the meaning of Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the consummation of any recapitalization, reclassification, share exchange, consolidation or merger of the Company pursuant to which the Company’s common stock will be converted into cash, securities or other property, the “Continuing Directors” (as defined in the Second Lien Notes Indenture) cease to constitute at least a majority of the board of directors, and the approval of any plan or proposal for the liquidation or dissolution of the Company by the Company’s stockholders.
The Second Lien Notes are guaranteed, jointly and severally, by certain 100% owned domestic subsidiaries of the Company (the “Guarantors”).Company. The New SecuredSecond Lien Notes and the related guarantees are secured by a lien on substantially all of the Company'sCompany’s and the Guarantors'guarantors’ assets, subject to certain exceptions and permitted liens pursuant to a pledge and security agreement.certain collateral documents pursuant to the Second Lien Notes Indenture. The terms of the New SecuredSecond Lien Notes contain numerous covenants imposing financial and operating restrictions on the Company'sCompany’s business. These covenants place restrictions on the Company'sCompany’s ability and the ability of its subsidiaries to, among other things, pay dividends, redeem stock or make other distributions or restricted payments; incur indebtedness or issue commoncertain stock; make certain investments; create liens; agree to certain payment restrictions affecting certain subsidiaries; consolidate or merge; sell or otherwise transfer or dispose of assets, including equity interests of certain subsidiaries;assets; enter into transactions with affiliates; and enter into sale and leaseback transactions; and use the proceeds of permitted sales of the Company's assets.transactions.
The Second Lien Notes may not be redeemed by the Company may redeem somein whole or allin part at any time, subject to certain exceptions provided under the Second Lien Notes Indenture. In addition, if a Fundamental Change occurs at any time, each holder of any Second Lien Notes has the New Secured Notes at a redemption price of 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest. The New Secured Notes also contain a provision that allows holders of the New Secured Notesright to require the Company to repurchase all or any part of the New Securedsuch holder’s Second Lien Notes if a change of control triggering event occurs. Under this provision, the repurchase of the New Secured Notes will occurfor cash at a purchaserepurchase price of 101% of the outstanding principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on such New Secured Notesequal to the date of repurchase. In addition, upon certain asset sales, the Company may be required to offer to use the net proceeds thereof to purchase some of the New Secured Notes at 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest.
The New Secured Notes require that the Company make, subject to certain conditions and within 95 days of the end of each fiscal year beginningtogether with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2016, an offer to purchase the New Secured Notes with (i) 75% of excess cash flow (as defined in the New Secured Notes indenture) until the Company has offered to purchase up to $50,000 in aggregate principal amount of the notes, (ii) 50% of excess cash flow until the Company has offered to purchase up to $75,000 in aggregate principal amount of the notes, (iii) 25% of the excess cash flow until the Company has offered to purchase up to $100,000 in aggregate principal amount of the notes and (iv) 0% thereafter, in each case, at 103% of the principal amount, thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest.

The Company pays interest on the New Secured Notes at a rate of 12.75% per annum in cash semi-annually.
Senior Secured Term Loan Credit Facilities
On December 8, 2016, the Company entered into new secured credit facilities (the “Credit Facilities”) with certain financial institutions (the "Financial Institutions") in order to replace and repay outstanding borrowings and support the continuance of letters of credit under the Company's senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). The Credit Facilities are in the form of senior secured first-lien term loan facilities in an aggregate principal amount of up to $112,000. In connection with the closing of the Credit Facilities, commitments pursuant to the Revolving Credit Facility were terminated, liens granted to the collateral agent pursuant thereto were released in full, and Revolving Credit Facility borrowings outstanding were repaid by the Company using proceeds from the Credit Facilities. Letters of credit previously issued under the Revolving Credit Facility were cash collateralized, resulting in $7,923 and $7,968 of restricted cash that is reflected in other noncurrent assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
The Credit Facilities consist of a $75,000 initial term loan facility funded at closing and a $37,000 delayed-draw term loan facility (the “Delayed Draw Facility”). Under the Delayed Draw Facility, $24,500 was drawn in December 2016 and $12,500 was expected to be available in June 2017 or thereafter. On May 4, 2017, the Company entered into an amendment to the agreement governing the Credit Facilities (the "Credit Facilities Agreement"). Under this amendment, the Financial Institutions agreed to accelerate the Company's access to the Delayed Draw Facility that was expected to be available in June 2017 or thereafter.
The funding of the Credit Facilities was subject to original issue discount in an amount equal to 3.0% of the full principal amount of the Credit Facilities. The Credit Facilities bear interest at a rate per annum equal to 11.0%, payable monthly in arrears. The outstanding principal amount of the Credit Facilities and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, will be due and be payable on September 14, 2018.
In connection with the closing of the Credit Facilities, the Financial Institutions were issued warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase an aggregate of 5,000 shares of the Company's common stock, pro rata based on the principal amount of each Financial Institution’s commitment in the Credit Facilities. Warrants to purchase 2,500 shares have an exercise price of $0.50 per share, and Warrants to purchase 2,500 shares have an exercise price of $0.65 per share. The Warrants were exercisable upon issuance and expire on June 8, 2018.
All obligations of the Company under the Credit Facilities are guaranteed on a senior-secured basis by each direct and indirect, existing and future, domestic or Canadian subsidiary of the Company (the “Subsidiary Guarantors” and together with the Company, the “Credit Parties”). All obligations under the Credit Facilities are secured on a first-priority basis by a perfected security interest in substantially all assets of the Credit Parties (subject to certain exceptions for permitted liens). The Company agreed to add its foreign subsidiaries as guarantors and to direct such subsidiaries to grant a security interest in substantially all of their respective assets, subject to certain exceptions, as soon as possible after closing.exceptions.
The Credit Facilities Agreement contains numerousCompany must use the excess proceeds of material sales of collateral to make an offer of repurchase to holders of the Second Lien Notes. Indebtedness for borrowings under the Second Lien Notes Indenture is subject to acceleration upon the occurrence of specified defaults or events of default, including failure to pay principal or interest, the inaccuracy of any representation or warranty of any obligor under the Second Lien Notes, failure by an obligor under the Second Lien Notes to perform certain covenants, the invalidity or impairment of the Indenture Agent’s lien on its collateral or of any applicable guarantee, and certain adverse bankruptcy-related and other events.

Interest on the Second Lien Notes accrues at the rate of 5.00%, except that if breached, could resultthe Company may, in circumstances where the payment on interest in cash would cause a condition of default under the agreement. These covenants include a financial covenant that requiresNew ABL Facility, pay at the rate of 7.00% in kind. Currently, the Company to maintain a minimum amount of consolidated adjusted EBITDA (as definedis paying interest on the Second Lien Notes in kind as per the Second Lien Notes Indenture, interest on the Second Lien Notes in the Credit Facilities Agreement) during various applicable fiscal periods beginning with the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2017. The Companyfirst 12 months is also required to maintain specified minimum amounts of net working capital (as definedbe paid in the Credit Facilities Agreement) and consolidated liquidity (as defined in the Credit Facilities Agreement) of at least $20,000. The Credit Facilities Agreement also provides that a default could result from the occurrence of any condition, act, event or development that results or could be reasonably expected to result in a material adverse effect (as defined in the Credit Facilities Agreement). In the event of a default, the Financial Institutions could elect to declare all amounts borrowed due and payable, including accrued interest and any other obligations under the Credit Facilities. Any such acceleration would also result in a default under the indentures governing the New Secured Notes and the New Convertible Notes.
On April 6, 2017, the Company entered into an amendment to the Credit Facilities Agreement. Under this amendment, the Financial Institutions agreed that the financial covenants related to consolidated adjusted EBITDA and specified minimum amounts of net working capital and consolidated liquidity, all as described in the preceding paragraph, would cease to apply for the period from March 31, 2017 through and including May 31, 2018.
Convertible Notes
In 2016, the Company entered into Transaction Support Agreements (as amended, supplemented or modified, the “Support Agreements”) with certain holders (the “Supporting Holders”) of the Convertible Notes. The Support

Agreements provided for the terms of exchanges in which the Company agreed to issue New Convertible Notes in exchange for outstanding Convertible Notes (the “Convertible Note Exchange”). The Convertible Note Exchange was considered to be a troubled debt restructuring, as the Company was experiencing financial difficulties and was granted a concession by the Supporting Holders. As a result, the Company expensed legal and other direct costs incurred in conjunction with the Convertible Note Exchange.
As further described below, the New Convertible Notes are convertible into common stock at the option of the holder. The Company determined that the conversion option is not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the New Convertible Notes, nor does it meet the criteria to be considered indexed to the Company’s common stock. As a result, the Company concluded that the embedded conversion option must be bifurcated from the New Convertible Notes, separately valued, and accounted for as a derivative liability that partially settled the Convertible Notes. The initial value allocated to the derivative liability was $11,574, with a corresponding discount recorded to the New Convertible Notes. During each reporting period, the derivative liability, which is classified in long-term debt, will be marked to fair value through earnings. The derivative liability had a fair value of $549 as of March 31, 2017.
The New Convertible Notes mature on December 30, 2019, and bear interestkind at a rate of 5.25% per annum, payable semi-annually7.00%. Interest expense of $2,954 was paid in cash. kind in the three months ended March 31, 2018 (Successor).
Short-term borrowings
The New Convertible Notes are initially convertible into sharesCompany's French subsidiary is party to a local credit facility under which it may borrow against 100% of the Company's common stock at any time ateligible accounts receivable factored, with recourse, up to 6,500 Euros. The French subsidiary is charged a conversion price per share equal to $2.25 and are subject to adjustment in accordance with the New Convertible Notes indenture. All current and future guarantorsfactoring fee of 0.16% of the New Secured Notes,gross amount of accounts receivable factored. Local currency borrowings on the Credit Facilities, and any other material indebtedness of the Company guarantee the New Convertible Notes, subject to certain exceptions. The New Convertible NotesFrench subsidiary's credit facility are secured on a “silent” third-priority basis by the same collateral that secures the New Secured Notes. Upon conversion, the Company will pay and/or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock,charged interest at the Company’s election, together with cash in lieu of fractional shares. The value of shares of the Company's common stock for purposes of the settlement of the conversion right will be calculated as provided in the indenture, usingdaily 3-months Euribor rate plus a 20 trading day observation period. Upon such conversion, the holder shall be entitled to receive an amount equal to the "make-whole" premium, payable in the form of cash, shares of the Company's common stock, or a combination of both, at the Company's sole discretion. The value of shares of Company common stock for purposes of calculating the "make-whole" premium will be based1.0% margin and U.S dollar borrowings on the greatercredit facility are 3-months LIBOR plus a 1.0% margin. The French subsidiary utilizes the local credit facility to support its operating cash needs. As of (i) 130%March 31, 2018 (Successor), the French subsidiary has borrowings of $4,803 under the conversion price then in effect and (ii) the volume weighted average price ("VWAP") of such shares for the 20 trading day observation period as provided in the indenture.
If the VWAP of the Company's common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which such notice of redemption is provided, the Company shall have the right to redeem any or all of the New Convertible Notes at a price equal to (i) 100.0% of the aggregate principal amount thereof plus (ii) the "make-whole" premium. The redemption price can be paid in the form of cash, shares of the Company's common stock or a combination of both, at the Company's sole discretion. The value of shares of the Company's common stock will be based on the VWAP of such shares for the 20 trading days immediately preceding the date of redemption. Prior to the third trading day prior to the date of any such redemption, any New Convertible Notes called for redemption may be converted by the holder into shares of the Company's common stock at the conversion price then in effect.credit facility.
(8) Fair Value Measurements
The three-tier value hierarchy the Company utilizes, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies, is:
Level 1—Valuations based on quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.
Level 2—Valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3—Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting our own assumptions, consistent with reasonably available assumptions made by other market participants.
The fair value of cash, accounts receivable cash collateralized letters of credit and accounts payable approximate their carrying values. The fair value of cash equivalents are determined using the fair value hierarchy described above. Cash equivalents consisting of money market funds are valued based on quoted prices in active markets and as a result are classified as Level 1.

The Company’s pension plan asset portfolio as of March 31, 20172018 (Successor) and December 31, 20162017 (Successor) is primarily invested in fixed income securities, which generally fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Fixed income securities are valued based on evaluated prices provided to the trustee by independent pricing services. Such prices may be determined by various factors which include, but are not limited to, market quotations, yields, maturities, call features, ratings, institutional size trading in similar groups of securities and developments related to specific securities.
Fair Value MeasurementsAs of Debt
TheMarch 31, 2018 (Successor), the fair value of the Company's New SecuredSecond Lien Notes, as of March 31, 2017including the conversion option, was estimated to be $115,947$163,907 compared to a carrying value of $177,019.$171,720. The fair value of the New SecuredSecond Lien Notes, as of December 31, 2016 was estimated to be $116,833 compared to a carrying value of $177,019. The fair value forincluding the New Secured Notes was determined based on recent trades of the bonds and fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Because it entered into the new Credit Facilities in December 2016, the Company determined that the fair value of borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facilities approximated carrying value at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
Including the bifurcated embedded conversion option the fair value of the Company's New Convertible Notes was estimated to be $5,419 compared to a carrying value of $22,323 as of March 31, 2017. The fair value of the New Convertible Notes was approximately $5,369 compared a carrying value of $22,323 as of December 31, 2016. The fair value of the New Convertible Notes, which falls within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, was determined using a binomial lattice model using assumptions based on market information and historical data, and a review of prices and terms available for similar debt instruments that do not contain a conversion feature, as well as other factors related to the callable nature of the New ConvertibleSecond Lien Notes.
The main inputs andfollowing valuation assumptions intowere used in determining the fair value model for the New Convertible Notes at March 31, 2017 were as follows:
Company's stock price at the end of the period$0.30
Expected volatility110.60%
Credit spreads77.30%
Risk-free interest rate1.44%
Fair Value Measurements of Embedded Conversion Feature
The fair value of the derivative liability forSecond Lien Notes, including the embedded conversion feature of the New Convertible Notes was estimated to be $549option, as of March 31, 2017. The estimated fair value of the derivative liability for the embedded conversion feature of the New Convertible Notes, which falls within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, is measured on a recurring basis using a binomial lattice model using the Company's historical volatility over the term corresponding to the remaining contractual term of the New Convertible Notes and observed spreads of similar debt instruments that do not include a conversion feature. The following reconciliation represents the change in fair value of the embedded conversion feature of the New Convertible Notes between December 31, 2016 and March 31, 2017:
 Derivative liability for embedded conversion feature
Fair value as of December 31, 2016$403
Mark-to-market adjustment on conversion feature(a)
146
Fair value as of March 31, 2017$549
(a) Mark-to-market adjustment is recognized in unrealized loss on embedded debt conversion option in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2017.2018 (Successor):
Risk-free interest rate2.16%
Credit spreads13.93%
PIK premium spread2.00%
Volatility50.00%
Given the nature and the variable interest rates, the fair value of borrowings under the New ABL Facility and the French subsidiary's foreign line of credit approximated their carrying value as of March 31, 2018.

(9) Stockholders’ DeficitEquity
Accumulated Comprehensive Loss
The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows:
 March 31,
2017
 December 31,
2016
Unrecognized pension and postretirement benefit costs, net of tax$(9,583) $(9,797)
Foreign currency translation losses, net of tax(17,142) (16,142)
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss$(26,725) $(25,939)
 Successor
 March 31,
2018
 December 31,
2017
Unrecognized pension and postretirement benefit costs, net of tax$34
 $34
Foreign currency translation losses, net of tax(3,578) (2,703)
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss$(3,544) $(2,669)
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component for the three months ended March 31, 2018 (Successor) and the three months ended March 31, 2017 (Predecessor) are as follows:
 Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Items Foreign Currency Items Total
               
 Successor  Predecessor Successor  Predecessor Successor  Predecessor
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018  Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018  Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018  Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
         
Beginning Balance$34
  $(9,797) $(2,703)  $(16,142) $(2,669)  $(25,939)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications, net of tax
  
 (875)  (1,000) (875)  (1,000)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax (a)

  214
 
  
 
  214
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)
  214
 (875)  (1,000) (875)  (786)
Ending Balance$34
  $(9,583) $(3,578)  $(17,142) $(3,544)  $(26,725)
(a) See reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss table below for details of reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2018 (Successor) and the three months ended March 31, 2017 (Predecessor).
            
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:
 Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Items Foreign Currency Items Total
 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
Balance as of January 1,$(9,797) $(17,185) $(16,142) $(16,636) $(25,939) $(33,821)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax
 
 (1,000) 611
 (1,000) 611
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax (a)
214
 456
 
 
 214
 456
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)214
 456
 (1,000) 611
 (786) 1,067
Balance as of March 31,$(9,583) $(16,729) $(17,142) $(16,025) $(26,725) $(32,754)
(a) See reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss table below for details of reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.
Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows:
Three Months EndedSuccessor  Predecessor
March 31,Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018
  Three Months Ended
March 31, 2017
2017 2016  
Unrecognized pension and postretirement benefit items:       
Prior service cost (b)(a)
$(50) $(50)$
  $(50)
Actuarial loss (b)
(164) (406)
Actuarial gain (loss) (a)

  (164)
Total before tax(214) (456)
  (214)
Tax effect
 

  
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax$(214) $(456)$
  $(214)
(b)(a) These accumulated other comprehensive loss components are included in the computation of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit cost included in sales, general and administrative expense.other income, net.
(10) Share-based Compensation
On the Effective Date, pursuant to the operation of the Plan, the A.M. Castle & Co. 2017 Management Incentive Plan (the “MIP”) became effective.
Pursuant to the Plan, on September 1, 2017, 1,734 shares, together with an aggregate original principal amount of $2,400 of Second Lien Notes (the "Restricted Notes") convertible into an additional 638 shares of new common stock as of the Effective Date, were issued as awards of restricted shares of the Company's common stock (the "Restricted Shares") under the MIP to certain officers of the Company.

(10)The Restricted Shares and Restricted Notes cliff vest on August 31, 2020, subject to the conditions set forth in the MIP. The Restricted Shares grant date fair value of $3.14 per share was based on the value of the common stock of the Successor company as calculated on the Effective Date pursuant to the Plan.
As of March 31, 2018 (Successor), the unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested Restricted Shares was $4,389 and the remaining unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.4 years. As discussed in Note 1 - Basis of Presentation, the Successor has elected to account for forfeitures as they occur.
As of March 31, 2018 (Successor), the unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to the aggregate original principal amount of $2,400 of Second Lien Notes issued to certain officers of the Company was $1,853 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.4 years. The Company will recognize this expense on a straight-line basis over the three-year vesting period using the fair value at the issue date, $2,300.
(11) Employee Benefit Plans
Components of the net periodic pension and postretirement benefit cost are as follows:
 Successor  Predecessor
 Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018
  Three Months Ended
March 31, 2017
   
Service cost$117
  $106
Interest cost1,225
  1,210
Expected return on assets(1,971)  (2,034)
Amortization of prior service cost
  50
Amortization of actuarial loss
  164
Net periodic pension and postretirement benefit gain$(629)  $(504)
Contributions paid$
  $356
 Three Months Ended
 March 31,
 2017 2016
Service cost$106
 $112
Interest cost1,210
 1,312
Expected return on assets(2,034) (2,035)
Amortization of prior service cost50
 50
Amortization of actuarial loss164
 406
Net periodic pension and postretirement benefit (credit) cost$(504) $(155)
Contributions paid$356
 $
The Company anticipates making no additional cash contributions of $213 to its pension plans in 2017.the remainder of 2018.
(11) Restructuring Activity
In April 2015,the first quarter of 2018, the Company announcedadopted ASU 2017-07, which requires that all net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs, with the exception of service costs, be included as a restructuring plan consistingcomponent of workforce reductionsnon-operating income on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2017-07, the Company reported net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs as a component of sales, general and administrative expense. As a result of the adoption of ASU No. 2017-07, the Company included the interest cost component of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs of $1,225 in interest expense and the consolidationexpected return on assets component net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs of facilities$1,971 in locations deemed to have redundant operations. Inother income, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss in the three months ended March 31, 2016,2018 (Successor). Prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (see Note 3 - New Accounting Standards).
The Company incurred costs associatedwas party to a multi-employer pension plan. In connection with the April 2015 restructuring plan, which consisted of employee termination and related benefits, moving costs, professional fees and losses on the disposal of fixed assets. In addition,is now complete, the Company recorded charges of $452 for inventory movedstated its intention to withdraw from consolidated plants that was subsequently identified to be scrapped. The inventory charge is reported in cost of materials in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three months endedmulti-employer pension plan. At March 31, 2016.
In2018 (Successor), the first quarter of 2016,total estimated liability to withdraw from the Company closed its Houston and Edmonton facilities and sold all the equipment at these facilities to an unrelated third party. Restructuring activitiesplan is $3,374. The current liability associated with the strategic decision to close these facilities included employee termination and related benefits, lease termination costs, moving costs associated with exitCompany's withdrawal from the closed facilities, and professional fees at the closed facilities.
As a resultmulti-employer pension plan of its restructuring activities, the Company incurred the following restructuring expenses:
 Three Months Ended
 March 31,
 2017 2016
Employee termination and related benefits$28
 $553
Lease termination costs
 6,145
Moving costs associated with plant consolidations70
 3,135
Professional fees30
 678
Loss on disposal of fixed assets
 1,207
Total$128
 $11,718

Restructuring reserve activity for the three months ended March 31, 2017 is summarized below:

    Period Activity  
  Balance January 1, 2017 Charges (gains) Cash receipts (payments) Non-cash activity Balance March 31, 2017
Employee termination and related benefits (a)
 $3,627
 $28
 $(87) $
 $3,568
Lease termination costs (b)
 823
 
 (228) 
 595
Moving costs associated with plant consolidations 
 70
 (70) 
 
Professional fees 
 30
 (30) 
 
Disposal of fixed assets 
 
 
 
 
Total $4,450
 $128
 $(415) $
 $4,163
(a) As of March 31, 2017, the short-term portion of employee termination and related benefits of $340$240 is included in accrued and other current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet and the long-term liability associated with the Company's withdrawal from a multi-employer pension plan of $3,228$3,134 is included in other noncurrent liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
(b) Payments on certain of the lease obligations are scheduled to continue until 2020. Market conditions and the Company’s ability to sublease these properties could affect the ultimate charge related to the lease obligations. Any potential recoveries or additional charges could affect amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements of future periods. As of March 31, 2017, the short-term portion of the lease termination costs of $291 is included in accrued and other current liabilities and the long-term portion of the lease termination costs of $304 is included in other noncurrent liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
(12) Income Taxes
The Company's tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of its annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items. The Company’s effective tax rate is expressed as income tax expense (benefit), which includes tax expense on the Company’s sharebenefit as a percentage of joint venture earnings inloss beforeincome taxes.
In the three months ended March 31, 2016, as a percentage2018 (Successor), the Company recorded income tax benefit of $521 on pre-tax loss from continuing operations beforeincome taxes and equity in earnings of joint venture.$5,662, for an effective tax rate of 9.2%.
For
In the three months ended March 31, 2017 (Predecessor), the Company recorded income tax benefit of $63 on pre-tax loss from continuing operations of $13,555, for an effective tax rate of 0.5%. For
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. enacted significant changes to the U.S. tax law following the passage and signing of H.R.1, “An Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Titles II and V of the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2018” (the “Tax Act”) (previously known as “The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act”). The Tax Act included significant changes to existing tax law, including, but not limited to, a permanent reduction to the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018.
On December 22, 2017, the Securities Exchange Commission ("SEC") issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 118, "SAB 118", which expresses views of the SEC regarding ASC Topic 740, "Income Taxes" ("ASC 740"), in the reporting period that includes the enactment date of the Tax Act. Subsequent to the issuance of SAB 118, in March 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-05 "Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin 118," which formally amended ASC 740 for the guidance previously provided by SAB 118. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Tax Act enactment date for companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of the Tax Act for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete. To the extent that a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record and provisional estimate in the financial statements.
Given the complexity of the Tax Act and anticipated guidance from the U.S. treasury about implementing the Tax Act, the Company’s analysis and accounting for the tax effects of the enactment of the Tax Act is preliminary. The Company has made provisional estimates in accordance with SAB 118 but has not fully completed its analysis and calculation of foreign earnings subject to the transition tax or its analysis of certain other aspects of the Tax Act that could result in adjustments to the remeasurement of deferred tax balances. Upon completion of the analysis in 2018, these estimates may be adjusted through income tax benefit or expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. No adjustments to these provisional estimates were made in the three months ended March 31, 2016,2018 (Successor).
The Tax Act subjects a U.S. shareholder to tax on Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. The FASB Staff Q&A, Topic 740, No. 5, "Accounting for Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income", states that an entity can make an accounting policy election to either recognize deferred taxes for temporary basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years or provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred as a period expense only. Given the complexity of the GILTI provisions, the Company recordedis still evaluating the effects of the GILTI provisions and have not yet determined our accounting policy. At March 31, 2018 (Successor), because the Company is still evaluating the GILTI provisions and its analysis of future taxable income tax benefit of $335 on pre-tax loss from continuingthat is subject to GILTI, the Company has included GILTI related to current year operations before equityonly in earnings of joint venture of $45,450, for anits estimated annual effective tax rate and has not provided additional GILTI on deferred items.
Accordingly, in the three months ended March 31, 2018 (Successor), the Company's income tax provision reflects i) the current year impacts of 0.7%.the Tax Act on the estimated annual effective tax rate and ii) discrete items, if any, resulting directly from the enactment of the Tax Act based on information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail. There were no discrete impacts from the enactment of the Tax Act in the three months ended March 31, 2018.
The Company's U.S. statutory rate is 35%. The most significant factors impacting the effective tax rate forin the three months ended March 31, 20172018 (Successor) were the impact of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate reduction in connection with the enactment of the Tax Act on the estimated annual effective tax rate, the foreign rate differential, and 2016 were losses in jurisdictions that the Company is not able to benefit due to uncertainty as to the realization of those losses, release of valuation allowances in jurisdictions that have become profitable, and the impact of intraperiod allocations.profitable.
(13) Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
The Company is party to a variety of legal proceedings, claims, and inquiries, including proceedings or inquiries by governmental authorities, which arise from the operation of its business. These proceedings, claims, and inquiries are incidental to and occur in the normal course of the Company's business affairs. The majority of these proceedings, claims, and inquiries relate to commercial disputes with customers, suppliers, and others; employment and employee benefits-related disputes; product quality disputes with vendors and/or customers; and environmental, health and safety claims. It is the opinion of management that the currently expected outcome of these proceedings, claims, and inquiries, after taking into account recorded accruals and the availability and limits of our insurance coverage, will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated results of operations, financial condition or cash flows of the Company.

(14) Subsequent EventsEvent
On April 6, 2017,In May 2018, the Company and certainreached an agreement in principle with its first lien lender, PNC Bank, National Association, to provide for up to an additional $20,500 of borrowing capacity under its subsidiaries entered into an amendment to the Credit Facilities Agreement. Underexisting New ABL Facility. When finalized, this amendment, the Financial Institutions and the Agent agreed that the financial covenantscontemplated additional borrowing capacity will be made available in part by way of the Company and its subsidiaries with respect to maintaining a minimum amount of consolidated adjusted EBITDA (as definedparticipation in the Credit Facilities Agreement) and maintaining specified minimum amounts of net working capital (as

defined in the Credit Facilities Agreement) and consolidated liquidity (as defined in the Credit Facilities Agreement) would cease to apply for the period from March 31, 2017 through and including May 31, 2018.
On April 6, 2017, the Company andNew ABL Facility by certain of its subsidiaries entered into a restructuring support agreement (the “RSA”) with certain of their creditors (the "Consenting Creditors"), including certain holders of the Company’s (a) term loans under its Credit Facilities Agreement, as amended, (b) New Secured Notes,shareholders. The agreement to provide this additional borrowing capacity is subject to customary conditions to closing, including execution of acceptable documentation and (c) New Convertible Notes. approval, which the Company expects to occur during the second quarter of 2018.
The RSA contemplatesCompany expects to pay an amendment fee of 0.25% on the financial restructuring$125,000 borrowing capacity of the debt and equity of the Company and the subsidiaries (the “Restructuring”) pursuant to a Restructuring Term Sheet attached to the RSA as an exhibit (the “Term Sheet”). The Term Sheet sets forth the terms and conditions of the Restructuring and provides for the consummation thereof, and contains mutual covenants of the Company and the Consenting Creditors in furtherance of the Restructuring, either as part of out-of-court proceedings or by prepackaged chapter 11 plan of reorganization (a “Plan”) confirmed by the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware. If the Restructuring were consummated pursuant to a Plan, the Plan would be confirmed following a filing by the Company for voluntary relief under chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code.
On May 4, 2017, the Company entered into an additional amendment to the Credit Facilities Agreement. Under this amendment, the Financial Institutions agreed to accelerate the Company's access to the Delayed Draw Facility that was expected to be available in June 2017 or thereafter.
Pursuant to the RSA and in furtherance of the Restructuring, on May 15, 2017, the Company commenced solicitation of votes on its Plan by distributing a Disclosure Statement for Debtors’ Prepackaged Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization (the “Disclosure Statement”) to holders of Prepetition First Lien Secured Claims, Prepetition Second Lien Secured Claims, and Prepetition Third Lien Secured Claims, as such terms are defined in the Plan.New ABL Facility.






Item 2.     Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Information provided and statements contained in this report that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”), Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements only speak as of the date of this report and the Company assumes no obligation to update the information included in this report. Such forward-looking statements include information concerning our possible or assumed future results of operations, including descriptions of our business strategy, and the cost savings and other benefits that we expect to achieve from our restructuring.restructuring, as well as the anticipated increase in our borrowing capacity under our existing revolving credit facility. These statements often include words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “predict,” “plan,” "should," or similar expressions. These statements are not guarantees of performance or results, and they involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Although we believe that these forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, there are many factors that could affect our actual financial results or results of operations and could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. These factors include or relate to: our ability to obtain sufficient acceptances in connection with our solicitation of debt holder support; our ability to obtain the bankruptcy court’s approval with respect to motions or other requests made in any necessary chapter 11 case, including maintaining strategic control as debtor-in-possession; our ability to confirm and consummate a chapter 11 plan of reorganization in any necessary chapter 11 case; the effects of the filing of any necessary chapter 11 case on our business and the interests of various constituents; the bankruptcy court’s rulings in any necessary chapter 11 case, as well the outcome of any such case in general; the length of time that we may operate under any necessary chapter 11 protection and the continued availability of operating capital during the pendency of any necessary chapter 11 case; risks associated with third party motions or objections in any necessary chapter 11 case, which may interfere with our ability to confirm and consummate a chapter 11 plan of reorganization; the potential adverse effects of any necessary chapter 11 case on our liquidity or results of operations; our ability to execute the Company’s business and financial reorganization plan; and increased advisory costs to execute our restructuring. Other factors include our ability to effectively manage our operational initiatives and implemented restructuring activities, the impact of volatility of metals prices, the impact of imposed tariffs and/or duties, the cyclical and seasonal aspects of our business, our ability to effectively manage inventory levels, our ability to successfully complete the remaining steps in our strategic refinancing process, and the impact of our substantial level of indebtedness and our ability to obtain the requisite approvals and finalize the documentation relating to our additional borrowing capacity, as well as including those risk factors identified in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.2017, which we filed on March 15, 2018. All future written and oral forward-looking statements by us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to above. Except as required by the federal securities laws, we do not have any obligations or intention to release publicly any revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances in the future, to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events or for any other reason.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto in Item 1 “Financial Statements (unaudited)”.
Executive Overview
A.M.A. M. Castle & Co., together with its subsidiaries, (the “Company”) is a specialty metals distribution company serving customers on a global basis. The Company has operations in the United States, Canada, Mexico, France, the United Kingdom, Spain, China and Singapore. The Company provides a broad range of product inventories as well as value-added processing and supply chain services to a wide array of customers, principally within the producer durable equipment, aerospace, heavy industrial equipment, industrial goods, construction equipment, oil and gas, and retail sectors of the global economy. Particular focus is placed on the aerospace and defense, power generation, mining, heavy industrial equipment, and general manufacturing industries, as well as general engineering applications.
Net sales in the three months ended March 31,Recent Developments
Emergence from Chapter 11
On June 18, 2017, were $135.9 million, a decrease of $27.9 million, or 17.0%, from the $163.8 million reported for same period last year. Net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2016 included the Company's $27.1 million sale of all its inventory at its HoustonA. M. Castle & Co. and Edmonton facilities, which were closed in February 2016. The Company posted a 5.7% increase in tons sold per day to customers compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. The positive impact of the increase in sales volumes was offset by a 5.1% decrease in average selling prices and an unfavorable change in product mix. Operating loss in the three months ended March 31, 2017, including restructuring charges of $0.1 million, was $2.3 million compared to an operating loss of $26.9 million, including restructuring charges of $11.7 million, in the same period last year.
Although the Company remains confident that it will have adequate liquidity over the next twelve months to operate its business and meet its cash requirements, further reduction in the Company’s long-term debt and cash interest

obligations would strengthen its financial position and flexibility and therefore remains a key near-term financial objective. To achieve this objective, on April 6, 2017, the Company entered into a restructuring support agreement (the “RSA”) with certainfour of its creditors (the "Consenting Creditors")subsidiaries (together with A. M. Castle & Co., including certain holders of the Company’s (a) term loans under the credit facilities agreement dated as of December 8, 2016, as amended (the "Credit Facilities Agreement"), (b) 12.75% Senior Secured Notes due December 15, 2018 (the "New Secured Notes"), and (c) 5.25% Convertible Senior Secured Notes due December 30, 2019 (the "New Convertible Notes"). The RSA contemplates the financial restructuring of the debt and equity of the Company (the “Restructuring”"Debtors") pursuant to a Restructuring Term Sheet attached to the RSA as an exhibit (the “Term Sheet”). The Term Sheet sets forth the terms and conditions of the Restructuring and providesfiled voluntary petitions for the consummation thereof, and contains mutual covenants of the Company and the Consenting Creditors in furtherance of the Restructuring, either as part of out-of-court proceedings or by prepackaged chapter 11 plan of reorganization (a “Plan”) confirmed by the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware. If the Restructuring were consummated pursuant to a Plan, the Plan would be confirmed following a filing by the Company for voluntary relief under chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. For additional information concerning the RSA, please refer to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filedCode (the "Bankruptcy Code") with the SecuritiesUnited States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware in Wilmington, Delaware (the "Bankruptcy Court"). The four subsidiaries in the chapter 11 cases are Keystone Tube Company, LLC, HY-Alloy Steels Company, Keystone Service, Inc. and Exchange CommissionTotal Plastics, Inc. Also on April 7, 2017.
Pursuant to the RSA and in furtherance of the Restructuring, on May 15,June 18, 2017, the Company commenced solicitationDebtors filed the Debtors' Prepackaged Joint Chapter 11 Plan of votesReorganization with the Bankruptcy Court and on its Plan by distributing a Disclosure Statement for Debtors’July 25, 2017, the Debtors filed the Debtors' Amended Prepackaged Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization (the “Disclosure Statement”"Plan") with the Bankruptcy Court. On August 2, 2017, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order (the "Confirmation Order") confirming the Plan. On August 31, 2017 (the "Effective Date"), the Plan became effective pursuant to its terms and the Debtors emerged from their chapter 11 cases.
On the Effective Date, by operation of the Plan, among other things:
The Company issued an aggregate of 2.0 million shares of its new class of common stock, par value $0.01 per share ("New Common Stock") consisting of 1.3 million shares issued to holders of Prepetition First Lien Secured Claims, Prepetition Second Lien Secured Claims and(as defined by the Plan) in partial satisfaction of their claims; 0.3 million shares issued to holders of Prepetition Third Lien Secured Claims (as defined by the Amended Plan) in partial satisfaction

of their claims; and 0.4 million shares issued to participating holders of the Company's outstanding common stock as of August 2, 2017.
All agreements, instruments, and other documents evidencing, related to or connected with any equity interests of the Company (which include the Company's prior common stock, par value $0.01 per share, warrants to purchase such terms are definedcommon stock, and awards under management equity plans adopted before the Effective Date) were canceled and extinguished without recovery.
All outstanding indebtedness, accrued interest, and related fees of the Debtors under that certain Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated December 8, 2016, by and among the Company, Highbridge International Capital Management, LLC, Corre Partners Management, LLC, Whitebox Credit Partners, L.P., WFF Cayman II Limited, and SGF, LLC and Cantor Fitzgerald Securities, among others (as amended, the “Former Credit Agreement”), amounting to $49.4 million, was paid in full with the proceeds of borrowings under the New ABL Facility (defined below) and the issuance of Second Lien Notes under the Indenture dated August 31, 2017 ("Second Lien Notes Indenture").
All outstanding indebtedness of the Debtors under the Company’s 12.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2018 ("Secured Notes") and the Indenture dated February 8, 2016 ("Secured Notes Indenture"), by and between the Company, as issuer, its guarantors, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, and all outstanding indebtedness of the Debtors under the Company’s 5.25% Convertible Senior Secured Notes due 2019 ("Convertible Notes") and the Indenture dated May 19, 2016 ("Convertible Notes Indenture"), by and between the Company, as issuer, its guarantors, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, was discharged and canceled in exchange for Second Lien Notes (defined below) and New Common Stock in the Plan. A copyCompany.
The A.M. Castle & Co. 2017 Management Incentive Plan became effective.
All of the Disclosure Statement, which includesexisting members of the Board were deemed to have resigned and were replaced the new Board of the Company consisting of six members, four of whom were new to the Board.
Pursuant to the Plan, hason September 1, 2017, the Company issued 1.7 million restricted New Common Stock shares, together with an aggregate original principal amount of $2.4 million of 5.00% / 7.00% Convertible Senior Secured PIK Toggle Notes due 2022 ("Second Lien Notes") convertible into an additional 0.6 million shares of New Common Stock as of the Effective Date, and issued as awards under the A.M. Castle & Co. 2017 Management Incentive Plan to certain officers of the Company.
Pursuant to the Plan, on the Effective Date, the Debtors entered into a new senior secured asset-based lending facility due 2022 ("New ABL Facility").
The obligations of the borrowers have been furnishedguaranteed by the subsidiaries of the Company named therein as guarantors. The New ABL Facility provides for a $125.0 million senior secured, revolving credit facility for the Company. Subject to certain exceptions and permitted encumbrances, the obligations under the New ABL Facility are secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of the assets of each of the borrowers and certain of their foreign subsidiaries. The proceeds of the advances under the New ABL Facility may only be used to (i) pay certain fees and expenses to the agent and the lenders under the New ABL Facility, (ii) provide for borrowers' working capital needs and reimburse drawings under letters of credit, (iii) repay the obligations under the Debtor-in-Possession Revolving Credit and Security Agreement dated as of June 10, 2017, by and among the Company, the lenders party thereto, and PNC Bank, National Association (the "Agent"), and certain other existing indebtedness, and (iv) provide for the Borrowers' capital expenditure needs, in accordance with the New ABL Facility.
On the Effective Date, in connection with its entering into the New ABL Facility, the Company borrowed an aggregate amount equal to $78.8 million, of which $49.4 million was used to pay down outstanding indebtedness, accrued interest, and related fees of the Company under the Former Credit Agreement.
Pursuant to the Plan, on the Effective Date, the Company entered into the Second Lien Notes Indenture and, pursuant thereto, issued approximately $164.9 million in Second Lien Notes.
The Second Lien Notes are five-year senior obligations of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries, secured by a lien on all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, its domestic subsidiaries and certain of its foreign subsidiaries, which lien the Indenture Agent has agreed will be junior to the lien of the Agent under the New ABL Facility.

Financial Reporting Under Reorganization
Refer to Note 2 - Bankruptcy Related Disclosures, of the Company's Current ReportCondensed Consolidating Financial Statements for further discussion of financial reporting implications related to the Company's chapter 11 cases, and emergence therefrom, including a detail of liabilities subject to compromise and reorganization items, net.
Presentation of Predecessor and Successor
The Company adopted fresh-start reporting as of the Effective Date. As a result of the application of fresh-start reporting, the Company's financial statements for periods prior to the Effective Date are not comparable to those for periods subsequent to the Effective Date. References in this report to “Successor” refer to the Company on Form 8-K filed withor after the SEC on May 15, 2017.Effective Date. References to “Predecessor” refer to the Company prior to the Effective Date. Operating results for the Successor and Predecessor periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for a full fiscal year. References such as the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to A.M. Castle & Co. and its consolidated subsidiaries, whether Predecessor and/or Successor, as appropriate.
Results of Operations: Three Months Ended March 31, 20172018 (Successor) Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 20162017 (Predecessor)
The following table sets forth certain statement of operations data in the three months ended March 31, 2018 (Successor) and the three months ended March 31, 2017 (Predecessor).
 Successor  Predecessor    
 
Three Months
Ended
March 31, 2018
  Three Months
Ended
March 31, 2017
As Adjusted*
 Favorable/(Unfavorable)
(Dollar amounts in millions)$ % of Net Sales  $ % of Net Sales Three Month $ Change Three Month % Change
             
Net sales$145.9
 100.0 %  $135.9
 100.0 % $10.0
 7.4 %
Cost of materials (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)109.9
 75.3 %  101.0
 74.3 % (8.9) (8.8)%
Operating costs and expenses(a)
39.3
 26.9 %  37.8
 27.8 % (1.5) (4.0)%
Operating loss$(3.3) (2.3)%  $(2.9) (2.1)% $(0.4) (13.8)%
             
* Adjusted due to the adoption of ASU No. 2017-07, "Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost." See Note 3 - New Accounting Standards to the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
(a) Operating costs and expenses include restructuring expenses of $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. Included in the operating results below is the sale of all inventory and subsequent closure of the Company's Houston and Edmonton facilities which occurred in the first quarter of 2016.
 Three Months Ended March 31,    
 2017 2016 Favorable/(Unfavorable)
 (Dollar amounts in millions)
$ % of Net Sales $ % of Net Sales $ Change % Change
Net sales$135.9
 100.0 % $163.8
 100.0 % $(27.9) (17.0)%
Cost of materials (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)(a)
101.0
 74.3 % 133.7
 81.6 % 32.7
 24.5 %
Operating costs and expenses(b)
37.2
 27.4 % 57.0
 34.8 % 19.8
 34.7 %
Operating loss$(2.3) (1.7)% $(26.9) (16.4)% $24.6
 91.4 %
(a) Cost of materials includes $0.5 million of inventory scrapping expenses associated with restructuring activity for the three months ended March 31, 2016.
(b) Operating costs and expenses include $0.1 million and $11.7 million of restructuring expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.2017.
Net Sales
Net sales of $145.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 20172018 (Successor) were $135.9 million, a decreasean increase of $27.9$10.0 million, or 17.0%7.4%, compared to the same period last year. Net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2016 included the Company's $27.1 million sale of all its inventory at its Houston and Edmonton facilities to an unrelated third party. The sale of this inventory, which was sold at a zero gross margin (calculated as net sales, less cost of materials), was the result of a strategic decision to lower the Company's exposure to oil and gas market fluctuations. Including that sale of inventory, net sales from the Houston and Edmonton locations, which were closed in February 2016, were $33.0 million. Despite the closure of these two locations, the Company posted a 5.7% increase in tons sold per day to customers compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. Excluding2017 (Predecessor). The increase in net sales in the tonscurrent quarter compared to the prior year quarter was driven primarily by increased sales volume and higher selling prices. Tons sold from the Houston and Edmonton locationsper day increased by 4.4% in the three months ended March 31, 2016, tons sold per day increased 10.6%. Products2018 (Successor) compared to the same period in the prior year with the most notable improvementslargest sales volume increases in sales volumes were aluminum,carbon and alloy products, stainless, alloy bar and carbon and alloy plate. Offsetting the positive impact of the increase in sales volumes was a 5.1% decrease in average selling prices and an unfavorable change in product mix.

aluminum.
Average selling prices for many of the Company's products were higheroverall increased 5.1% in the three months ended March 31, 20172018 (Successor) compared to the same period last year, but decreases in average selling prices of aluminum, nickel, and alloy bar resulted in the overall 5.1% decrease in average selling prices.
Cost of Materials
Cost of materials (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) during the three months ended March 31, 2017 was $101.0 million compared to $133.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016. The $32.7 million, or 24.5%(Predecessor), decrease is mostly due to the $27.1 milliondriven mainly by favorable selling prices in some of cost of materials recognized on the sale of all inventory at the Company's Houstonhighest selling products including alloy bar and Edmonton facilitiesSBQ bar. Strong demand, along with the announced imposition of tariffs by the U.S. on imports of steel and aluminum from certain countries, favorably impacted selling prices in the three months ended March 31, 2016, as discussed above.current year quarter.
Cost of Materials
Cost of materials (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) were $109.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2018 (Successor) compared to $101.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2017 (Predecessor). The $8.9 million, or 8.8%, increase between the three month periods is due mainly to the increase in sales volume in the three months ended March 31, 2018 (Successor).

Cost of materials (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) was 75.3% of net sales in the three months ended March 31, 2018 (Successor) compared to 74.3% as a percent of net sales in the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared(Predecessor) due mainly to 81.6%higher sales volume offset by aggressive product pricing and sales of excess and slow-moving inventory in the period.
The recent imposition of tariffs favorably impacted the Company's gross material margin (calculated as a percent of net sales forless cost of materials divided by net sales) as the comparative prior year period. While the percentage for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was impacted by the $27.1 million sale of the inventory at the Houston and Edmonton locations, the decreaseCompany experienced an overall increase in the percentage also reflects improved inventory management and better matching of salesits average selling prices with inventory replacement cost.per ton sold.
Operating Costs and Expenses and Operating Loss
Operating costs and expenses forin the three months ended March 31, 2018 (Successor) and the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016(Predecessor) were as follows:
Successor  Predecessor Favorable/(Unfavorable)
Three Months Ended March 31, Favorable/(Unfavorable)Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018
  Three Months
Ended
March 31, 2017
As Adjusted*
 Three Month $ Change Three Month % Change
(Dollar amounts in millions)
2017 2016 $ Change % Change  
Warehouse, processing and delivery expense$18.7
 $23.4
 $4.7
 20.1%$20.4
  $18.7
 $(1.7) (9.1)%
Sales, general and administrative expense14.5
 17.5
 3.0
 17.1%16.5
  15.1
 (1.4) (9.3)%
Restructuring expense0.1
 11.7
 11.6
 99.1%
  0.1
 0.1
 100.0 %
Depreciation and amortization expense3.9
 4.4
 0.5
 11.4%2.4
  3.9
 1.5
 38.5 %
Total operating costs and expenses$37.2
 $57.0
 $19.8
 34.7%$39.3
  $37.8
 $(1.5) (4.0)%
* Adjusted due to the adoption of ASU No. 2017-07, "Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost." See Note 3 - New Accounting Standards to the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statementsfor additional information.
Operating costs and expenses decreasedincreased by $19.8$1.5 million from $57.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016 to $37.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017.
Warehouse, processing and delivery expense decreased by $4.7 million primarily as a result of lower payroll, benefit, and facility costs resulting from plant consolidations and the closure of the Houston and Edmonton facilities;
Sales, general and administrative expense decreased by $3.0 million mainly as a result of lower payroll, benefit, and outside services costs;
Restructuring expense was $0.1$37.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2017 while restructuring expense was $11.7(Predecessor) to $39.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, which consisted2018 (Successor).
Warehouse, processing and delivery expense increased by $1.7 million mainly as a result of severance expensehigher payroll and lease termination charges associated with the closure of the Company's Houston and Edmonton facilities,benefits costs as well as moving expenses associated with plant consolidations;higher warehouse and freight costs attributable to an increase in fuel prices and additional variable expense resulting from an increase in shipping volume.
Sales, general and administrative expense increased by $1.4 million mainly as a result of higher payroll and benefits costs.
Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $0.51.5 million due to lower depreciation expense resultingin the three months ended March 31, 2018 (Successor) from a lower depreciable base of property, plant closures and equipment sales.as a result of fresh-start accounting and, no amortization of intangible assets.
Operating loss in the three months ended March 31, 2018 (Successor) was $3.3 million compared to operating loss of $2.9 million, including $0.1 million of restructuring expense, in the three months ended March 31, 2017, including restructuring charges of $0.1 million, was $2.3 million compared to an operating loss of $26.9 million, including restructuring charges of $11.7 million, in the same period in the prior year.

(Predecessor).
Other Income and Expense, Income Taxes and Net Loss
The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2017-07, "Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost", in the first quarter of 2018. In accordance with the adoption of ASU No. 2017-07, the Company now classifies the interest cost component of net periodic benefit cost in interest expense, net, with the service cost component continuing to be classified in sales, general and administrative expense. The other components of net periodic benefit cost are now classified in other income, net. As result of the adoption of ASU No. 2017-07, the Company reclassified a net pension cost of $1.2 million from sales, general and administrative expense to interest expense and a net pension benefit of $1.8 million from sales, general and administrative expense to other income, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2017 (Predecessor). See Note - 3 New Accounting Standards for further discussion.
Interest expense was $10.7$7.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2018 (Successor), compared to $11.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to $10.4 million(Predecessor). Interest expense in both the three months ended March 31, 2018 (Successor) and the three months ended March 31, 2017 included the interest cost component of net periodic

benefit cost of $1.2 million. Following the Plan becoming effective on August 31, 2017, the Company has significantly reduced its debt and contractual interest burden from what it had been in the prepetition periods resulting in significantly lower interest expense from debt in the three months ended March 31, 2016. Unrealized loss on the embedded conversion option associated with the New Convertible Notes was $0.1 million for2018 (Successor), compared to the three months ended March 31, 2017. There was no conversion option associated with the convertible debt requiring mark-to-market accounting in the three months ended March 31, 2016.2017 (Predecessor).
Financial restructuring expense of $0.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2017 (Predecessor) was mostly comprised of legal and other professional fees incurred prior to filing the chapter 11 bankruptcy petitions in connection with the planned financial restructuring of the debt and equity of the Company (refer to Note 14 -Subsequent Events to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).Company.
The debt restructuring lossOther income, net, was a gain of $7.1$4.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016 represents eligible holder consent fees and related legal and2018 (Successor), compared to $2.3 million gain in the three months ended March 31, 2017 (Predecessor). Included in other direct costs incurredincome, net in conjunction with the February 2016 private exchange offer and consent solicitation (the "Exchange Offer")three months ended March 31, 2018 (Successor) was net pension benefit of $2.0 million compared to certain eligible holders to exchange New Secured Notesa net pension benefit of $1.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2017 (Predecessor). The remaining other income, net for the Company’s outstanding 12.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2016.
Other income,comparative periods is comprised mostly of foreign currency transaction gains,gains.
Loss before income taxes was $5.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2018 (Successor). Loss before income taxes was $13.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 (Predecessor).
The Company recorded income tax benefit of $0.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 20172018 (Successor) compared to other expense of $1.1 million for the same period in the prior year, which consisted mostly of foreign currency transaction losses. These gains and losses are primarily related to unhedged intercompany financing arrangements.
The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $0.1 million forin the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to an income tax benefit of $0.3 million for the same period last year.(Predecessor). The Company’s effective tax rate is expressed as income tax expense (benefit), which includesas a percentage of loss beforeincome taxes. The effective tax expense on the Company’s share of joint venture earningsrate in the three months ended March 31, 2016, as a percentage of loss from continuing operations beforeincome taxes2018 (Successor) and equity in earnings of joint venture. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was 9.2% and 2016 was 0.5% and 0.7%, respectively. The lowerchange in the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2017between periods resulted from changes in the geographic mix and timing of income (losses), the inability to benefit from current year losses due to valuation allowance positions in the U.S. and U.K., the impact of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate reduction in connection with the U.S. tax reform legislation enacted in December 2017, and the impact of intraperiod allocations.the foreign income tax rate differential.
Equity in earnings of joint ventureNet loss was $0.3$5.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016. In August 2016, the Company completed the sale of its joint venture for aggregate cash proceeds of $31.6 million.
Loss from continuing operations for2018 (Successor). Net loss in the three months ended March 31, 2017 (Predecessor) was $13.5 million compared to a loss from continuing operations of $44.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes, was $7.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, which includes an after-tax gain on the sale of substantially all the assets of the Company's wholly owned subsidiary, Total Plastic, Inc. ("TPI") of $3.0 million and an income tax benefit of $4.2 million from the reversal of an income tax valuation allowance.
Net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was $13.5 million. Net loss for the same period in the prior year, which includes income from discontinued operations (net of income taxes) of $7.9 million, was $36.9 million.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash and cash equivalents increased (decreased) as follows:
Successor  Predecessor
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018
  Three Months Ended
March 31, 2017
(Dollar amounts in millions)

2017 2016  
Net cash used in operating activities$(17.5) $(1.7)$(11.2)  $(17.5)
Net cash (used in) from investing activities(1.0) 52.8
Net cash (used in) from financing activities(1.0) (51.6)
Net cash used in investing activities(1.5)  (1.0)
Net cash from (used in) financing activities9.4
  (1.0)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents0.2
 0.1

  0.1
Net change in cash and cash equivalents$(19.4) $(0.4)$(3.3)  $(19.4)
The Company’s principal sourcesources of liquidity isare cash provided by operations. operations and proceeds from borrowings under the New ABL Facility. In periods of market growth, such as that currently being experienced, a substantial amount of the Company's principal sources of liquidity are invested in working capital to support the growth. Accordingly, the Company expects working capital increases to result in a cash flow use from operations in the near term, supported by higher borrowings under its New ABL Facility.
Specific components of the change in working capital (defined as current assets less current liabilities), are highlighted below:
DuringHigher accounts receivable at March 31, 2018 (Successor) compared to year-end 2017 resulted in a cash flow use of $17.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2018 (Successor) compared to $15.2 million of cash flow use in the three months ended March 31, 2017 higher accounts receivable compared to year-end 2016 resulted in $15.2 million of cash flow use compared to $10.0 million of cash flow use for the same period last year.(Predecessor). Average receivable days outstanding was 53.7 days in the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to 49.6 days for the three months ended March 31, 20172017.
Higher inventory levels at March 31, 2018 (Successor) compared to 50.3year-end 2017 resulted in a cash flow use of $3.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2018 (Successor) compared to a $10.3

million cash flow use in the three months ended March 31, 2017 (Predecessor). Average days sales in inventory was 128.5 days for the three months ended March 31, 2016.
During the three months ended March 31, 2017, higher inventory levels2018 compared to year-end 2016 used $10.3 million of cash, while lower inventory levels at March 31, 2016 compared to year-end 2015 were a $26.6 million cash flow source for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The majority of the cash flow source from inventory in the three months ended March 31, 2016 was the result of the Houston and Edmonton inventory sale discussed above. Average days sales in inventory was 137.6 days for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to 171.72017. The decrease in average days forsales in inventory is primarily the three months ended March 31, 2016, which resulted primarily fromresult of improved inventory management.management and the Company's ongoing initiative to sell through its excess and slower moving inventory.
During the three months ended March 31, 2017, increasesIncreases in total accounts payable and accrued and other current liabilities were ancompared to year-end 2017 resulted in a $12.4 million cash flow source in the three months ended March 31, 2018 (Successor) compared to a $18.9 million cash flow source compared to a $13.0 million cash flow source for the Predecessor's same period last year. Accounts payable days outstanding was 43.243.6 days for the three months ended March 31, 20172018 compared to 42.043.2 days for the same period last year.
Working capital and the balances of its significant components are as follows:
 Successor  
(Dollar amounts in millions)

March 31,
2018
 December 31,
2017
 Working Capital Increase (Decrease)
Working capital$201.2
 $191.9
 $9.3
Cash and cash equivalents7.8
 11.1
 (3.3)
Accounts receivable91.8
 74.4
 17.4
Inventories158.1
 154.5
 3.6
Accounts payable52.9
 41.8
 (11.1)
Accrued and other current liabilities16.4
 13.9
 (2.5)
Approximately $3.0 million of the Company’s consolidated cash and cash equivalents balance of $7.8 million at March 31, 2018 (Successor) resided in the United States. 
Net cash used in investing activities of $1.0$1.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 (Successor) and $1.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2017 (Predecessor) is mostly attributable to cash paid for capital expenditures of $1.1 million.in the respective periods. Management expects capital expenditures to range from $6.0$6.5 million to $7.0$7.5 million for the full-year 2017. Net cash from investing activities of $52.8 million during the same period last year is mostly attributable to cash proceeds from the sale of TPI. Cash paid for capital expenditures for2018.
During the three months ended March 31, 20162018 (Successor), net cash from financing activities of $9.4 million was $1.2 million.mainly attributable to proceeds from borrowings under the Company's New ABL Facility offset by net repayments of short-term borrowings under the Company's foreign line of credit and a payment of $0.9 million made in connection with the Company's build-to-suit liability associated with its warehouse in Janesville, WI. During the three months ended March 31, 2017 (Predecessor), net cash used in financing activities of $1.0 million was mainly due to the cash payment of debt issuance costs.
As fully discussed at Note 2 - Bankruptcy Related Disclosures, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, on the August 31, 2017 Effective Date, the Company's bankruptcy Plan became effective pursuant to its terms and the Debtors emerged from their chapter 11 cases. By operation of the Plan, all outstanding indebtedness, accrued interest, and related fees of the Debtors under the Former Credit Agreement, amounting to $49.4 million, was paid in full with the proceeds of borrowings under the New ABL Facility and the issuance of Second Lien Notes under the Second Lien Indenture. Also, on the Effective Date and by operation of the Plan, all outstanding indebtedness of the Debtors under (i) the Company's Secured Notes Indenture and the Secured Notes issued pursuant thereto, and (ii) the Company's Convertible Notes Indenture and the Convertible Notes issues pursuant thereto, were discharged and canceled.
The New ABL Facility provides for a $125.0 million senior secured, revolving credit facility for the Company. Subject to certain exceptions and permitted encumbrances, the obligations under the New ABL Facility are secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of the assets of each of the Borrowers and certain of their foreign subsidiaries. The proceeds of the advances under the New ABL Facility may only be used to (i) pay certain fees and expenses to the Agent and the lenders under the New ABL Facility, (ii) provide for Borrowers' working capital needs and reimburse drawings under letters of credit, (iii) repay the obligations under the Debtor-in-Possession Revolving Credit and Security Agreement dated as of June 10, 2017, by and among the Company, the lenders party thereto, and PNC Bank, National Association ("PNC"), and certain other existing indebtedness, and (iv) provide for the Borrowers' capital expenditure needs, in accordance with the New ABL Facility.

The Company may prepay its obligations under the New ABL Facility at any time without premium or penalty, and must apply the net proceeds of material sales of collateral in prepayment of such obligations. Interest on indebtedness accrues based on the applicable Prime or LIBOR-based rate plus a margin, as set forth in the New ABL Facility. Additionally, the Company must pay a monthly Facility Fee equal to the product of (i) 0.25% per annum (or, if the average daily revolving facility usage is less than 50% of the maximum revolving advance amount, 0.375% per annum) multiplied by (ii) the amount by which the maximum revolving advance amount exceeds such average daily revolving facility usage for such month.
Under the indenture governingNew ABL Facility, the maximum borrowing capacity of the facility is based on the Company's 7.0% Convertible Notes due 2017 (the "Convertible Notes"),borrowing base calculation. The weighted average advance rates used in the borrowing base calculation are 87.3% on eligible accounts receivable and 69.2% on eligible inventory.
The Company's New ABL Facility contains certain covenants and restrictions customary to an asset-based revolving loan. Indebtedness for borrowings under the New ABL Facility is subject to acceleration upon the occurrence of specified defaults or events of default, including failure to pay principal or interest, the inaccuracy of any representation or warranty of a Fundamental Change,loan party, failure by a loan party to perform certain covenants, defaults under indebtedness owed to third parties, certain liability producing events relating to ERISA, the invalidity or impairment of the Agent’s lien on its collateral or of any applicable guarantee, and certain adverse bankruptcy-related and other events.
The Company's New ABL Facility contains a springing financial maintenance covenant requiring the Company to maintain a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of 1.0 to 1.0 in any covenant testing period when the Company's cash liquidity (as defined in the agreement governing the New ABL Facility, the "New ABL Facility Agreement") is less than the greater of i) 10% of the New ABL Facility's maximum borrowing capacity (as defined in the New ABL Facility Agreement) and ii) $9.0 million. The Company is not in a covenant testing period as of March 31, 2018 (Successor).
Additionally, upon the occurrence and during the continuation of an event of default or upon the failure of the Company to maintain cash liquidity (as defined in the New ABL Facility Agreement) in excess of the greater of $10.0 million or 12.5% of the New ABL Facility's maximum borrowing capacity (as defined in the New ABL Facility Agreement), the lender has the right to take full dominion of the Company’s cash collections and apply these proceeds to outstanding loans under the New ABL Facility Agreement (“Cash Dominion”). Based on the Company's cash projections, it does not anticipate that Cash Dominion will occur during the next 12 months.
Additional unrestricted borrowing capacity under the New ABL Facility as of March 31, 2018 (Successor) was as follows (in millions):
Maximum borrowing capacity$125.0
Letters of credit and other reserves(2.1)
Availability reserve(5.0)
Current maximum borrowing capacity117.9
Current borrowings(112.5)
Additional unrestricted borrowing capacity$5.4
The New ABL Facility matures on February 28, 2022.
In May 2018, the Company reached an agreement in principle with PNC to provide for up to an additional $20,500 of borrowing capacity under the New ABL Facility. Refer to Note 14 - Subsequent Event to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further detail.
The Second Lien Notes are five-year senior obligations of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries, secured by a lien on all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, its domestic subsidiaries and certain of its foreign subsidiaries, which includes, among other things,lien the delistingIndenture Agent has agreed will be junior to the lien of the Agent under the New ABL Facility.
The Second Lien Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock fromat any time at the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE"),initial conversion price of $3.77 per share, which rate is subject to adjustment as set forth in the Second Lien Notes Indenture. The value of shares of the Company’s common stock for purposes of the settlement of the conversion right will be calculated as provided in the Second Lien Notes Indenture, using a 20 trading day observation period. Upon conversion, the Company will pay and/or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election, together with cash in lieu of fractional shares.

The terms of the Second Lien Notes contain numerous covenants imposing financial and operating restrictions on the Company’s business. These covenants place restrictions on the Company’s ability and the ability of its subsidiaries to, among other things, pay dividends, redeem stock or make other distributions or restricted payments; incur indebtedness or issue certain stock; make certain investments; create liens; agree to certain payment restrictions affecting certain subsidiaries; sell or otherwise transfer or dispose assets; enter into transactions with affiliates; and enter into sale and leaseback transactions.
The Second Lien Notes may not be redeemed by the Company in whole or in part at any time, subject to certain exceptions provided under the Second Lien Notes Indenture. In addition, if a Fundamental Change occurs at any time, each holder of any Second Lien Notes has the right to require the Company to repurchase such holder’s Second Lien Notes for cash allat a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof, together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon, subject to certain exceptions.
The Company must use the net proceeds of material sales of collateral, which proceeds are not used for other permissible purposes, to make an offer of repurchase to holders of the Second Lien Notes. Indebtedness for borrowings under the Second Lien Notes Indenture is subject to acceleration upon the occurrence of specified defaults or events of default, including failure to pay principal or interest, the inaccuracy of any representation or warranty of any obligor under the Second Lien Notes, failure by an obligor under the Second Lien Notes to perform certain covenants, the invalidity or impairment of the Indenture Agent’s lien on its collateral or of any applicable guarantee, and certain adverse bankruptcy-related and other events.
Interest on the Second Lien Notes accrues at the rate of 5.00%, except that the Company may, in circumstances where the payment on interest in cash would cause a portioncondition of such holder’s Convertible Notes. Effective January 17,default under the New ABL Facility, pay at the rate of 7.00% in kind. Currently, the Company is paying interest on the Second Lien Notes in kind as per the Second Lien Notes Indenture, interest on the Second Lien Notes in the first 12 months is required to be paid in kind at a rate of 7.00%.
In July 2017, the Company’s common stock was delisted fromCompany's French subsidiary entered into a local credit facility under which it may borrow against 100% of the NYSE. Accordingly,eligible accounts receivable factored, with recourse, up to 6.5 million Euros, subject to factoring fees and floating Euribor or LIBOR interest rates, plus a 1.0% margin. The French subsidiary utilizes the local credit facility to support its operating cash needs. As of as of March 31, 2018 (Successor), the French subsidiary has borrowings of $4.8 million under the credit facility.
As of as of March 31, 2018 (Successor), the Company made an offer to purchase its Convertible Notes and, on February 22, 2017, the Company repurchased $16 thousand aggregate principal amounthad $2.1 million of its Convertible Notes.
During the three months ended March 31, 2016, all available proceeds from the sale of TPI were used to pay down the Company's long-term debt, which along with the $7.1 million payment of debt restructuring costs, resulted in net cash used in financing activities of $51.6 million.
In December 2016, the Company entered into new secured credit facilities (the "Credit Facilities") with certain financial institutions (the "Financial Institutions") in order to replace and repay outstanding borrowings and support the continuance ofirrevocable letters of credit under the Company's senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility. The Credit Facilities are in the form of senior secured first-lien term loan facilities in an aggregate principal amount of up to $112.0 million. The Credit Facilities consist of a $75.0 million initial term loan facility funded at closing and a $37.0 million Delayed Draw Facility. Under the Delayed Draw Facility, $24.5 million was drawn in December 2016 and $12.5 million was expected to be available in June 2017 or thereafter.
On May 4, 2017, the Company entered into an amendment to the Credit Facilities Agreement. Under this amendment, the Financial Institutions agreed to accelerate the Company's access to the Delayed Draw Facility that was expected to be available in June 2017 or thereafter (refer to Note 14 -Subsequent Events to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements). This will enable the Company to finance additional investments in inventory and service its customers' needs.
The Credit Facilities Agreement contains numerous covenants that, if breached, could result in a default under the agreement. These covenants include a financial covenant that requires the Company to maintain a minimum amount of consolidated adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Facilities Agreement) during various applicable fiscal periods beginning with the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2017. The Company is also required to maintain specified minimum amounts of net working capital (as defined in the Credit Facilities Agreement) and consolidated liquidity (as defined in the Credit Facilities Agreement). The Credit Facilities Agreement also provides that a default could result from the occurrence of any condition, act, event or development that results or could be reasonably expected to result in a material adverse effect (as defined in the Credit Facilities Agreement). In the event of a default, the Financial Institutions could elect to declare all amounts borrowed due and payable, including accrued interest and any other obligations

under the Credit Facilities. Any such acceleration would also result in a default under the indentures governing the Company's New Secured Notes and its New Convertible Notes.
On April 6, 2017, the Company entered into an amendment to the Credit Facilities Agreement. Under this amendment, the Financial Institutions agreed that the financial covenants related to consolidated adjusted EBITDA and specified minimum amounts of net working capital and consolidated liquidity, all as described in the preceding paragraph, would cease to apply for the period from March 31, 2017 through and including May 31, 2018 (refer to Note 14 -Subsequent Events to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).
The Company's debt agreements impose significant operating and financial restrictions which may prevent the Company from executing certain business opportunities, such as making acquisitions or paying dividends, among other things. outstanding.
For additional information regarding the terms of the New Secured Notes,ABL Facility, the New ConvertibleSecond Lien Notes, and the Credit Facilities,French credit facility refer to Note 7 - Debt to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Critical Accounting Policies
The Company remains confidentpreparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that it will have adequate liquidity overaffect the next twelve months to operate its businessreported amounts of assets and meet its cash requirements, but further reduction inliabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the Company’s long-term debt and cash interest obligations would strengthen its financial position and flexibility and therefore remains a key near-term financial objective. To achieve this objective, on April 6, 2017, the Company entered into a restructuring support agreement (the “RSA”) with certain of its creditors (the "Consenting Creditors"), including certain holdersdate of the Company’s (a) term loans under its Credit Facilities Agreement, (b) New Secured Notes,financial statements and (c) New Convertible Notes. The RSA contemplates the financial restructuringreported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Part II, Item 7 of the debt and equity of the Company (the “Restructuring”) pursuant to a Restructuring Term Sheet attached to the RSA as an exhibit (the “Term Sheet”). The Term Sheet sets forth the terms and conditions of the Restructuring and providesCompany's most recent Form 10-K for the consummation thereof, and contains mutual covenants of the Company and the Consenting Creditors in furtherance of the Restructuring, either as part of out-of-court proceedings or by prepackaged chapter 11 plan of reorganization (a “Plan”) confirmed by the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware. If the Restructuring were consummated pursuant to a Plan, the Plan would be confirmed following a filing by the Company for voluntary relief under chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. While there is still uncertainty about whether or not this action will be consummated out-of-court or through the U.S. Bankruptcy Court, this action, or similar actions, would be dilutive to the holders or the Company’s outstanding equity securities and could adversely affect the trading prices and values of the Company’s current debt and equity securities. For additional information concerning the RSA, please refer to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-Kfiscal year ended December 31, 2017, which we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on April 7, 2017.
Pursuant to the RSA and in furtheranceMarch 15, 2018, includes a summary of the Restructuring, on May 15, 2017,critical accounting policies we believe are the Company commenced solicitation of votes on its Plan by distributing a Disclosure Statement for Debtors’ Prepackaged Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization (the “Disclosure Statement”)most important to holders of Prepetition First Lien Secured Claims, Prepetition Second Lien Secured Claims, and Prepetition Third Lien Secured Claims, as such terms are definedaid in the Plan. A copy of the Disclosure Statement, which includes the Plan, has been furnished with the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 15, 2017.
Through its restructuring and refinancing efforts, the Company is committed to achieving a strongunderstanding our financial position while maintaining sufficient levels of available liquidity, managing working capital and monitoring the Company's overall capitalization. Cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2017 were $16.2 million, with approximately $7.7 million of the Company’s consolidated cash and cash equivalents balance residing in the United States. 

Working capital, defined as current assets less current liabilities, and the balances of its significant components are as follows:
 March 31, December 31, Working Capital
(Dollar amounts in millions)

2017 2016 Increase (Decrease)
Working capital$193.2
 $203.9
 $(10.7)
Cash and cash equivalents16.2
 35.6
 (19.4)
Accounts receivable80.7
 64.4
 16.3
Inventories158.6
 146.6
 12.0
Accounts payable52.6
 33.1
 (19.5)
Accrued and other current liabilities23.8
 19.9
 (3.9)
The Company’s principal payments on long-term debt, including the current portion of long-term debt, required during the next five years and thereafter are summarized below (amounts in millions):
2017 (remaining nine months)$0.1
2018276.5
201922.3
2020
2021
2022 and beyond
Total debt$298.9
Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
The Company is exposed to interest rate, commodity price and foreign exchange rate risks that arise in the normal course of business.results. There have been no significant or material changes to such risks since December 31, 2016. Refer to Item 7A inthose critical accounting policies that have had a material impact on our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues or expenses during the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed for the year ended December 31, 2016 for further discussionfirst three months of such risks.2018.
Item 4.Controls and Procedures
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
A review and evaluation was performed by the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon that review and evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 20172018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Part II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The Company is party to a variety of legal proceedings, claims, and inquiries, including proceedings or inquiries by governmental authorities, which arise from the operation of its business. These proceedings, claims, and inquiries are incidental to and occur in the normal course of the Company's business affairs. The majority of these proceedings, claims, and inquiries relate to commercial disputes with customers, suppliers, and others; employment and employee benefits-related disputes; product quality disputes with vendors and/or customers; and environmental, health and safety claims. It is the opinion of management that the currently expected outcome of these proceedings, claims, and inquiries, after taking into account recorded accruals and the availability and limits of our insurance coverage, will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated results of operations, financial condition or cash flows of the Company.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The risk factors that were disclosed under the caption “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of the Company's most recent Form 10-K have not materially changed since the date the most recent Form 10-K was filed with the SEC.
Item 6.Exhibits
Item 6.     Exhibits
Exhibits required to be filed as part of this Report on Form 10-Q are listed in the Exhibit Index, which is incorporated by reference herein.

Exhibit Index
The following exhibits are filed herewith or incorporated herein by reference:
Exhibit No.Description
31.1
31.2
32.1
101.INSXBRL Instance Document
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document

SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
   A. M. Castle & Co.
   (Registrant)
Date:May 15, 201714, 2018By:/s/ Patrick R. AndersonEdward M. Quinn
   Patrick R. Anderson, ExecutiveEdward M. Quinn, Vice President, Controller and Chief FinancialAccounting Officer & Treasurer
   (Principal Financial Officer & Principal Accounting Officer)
(Mr. Anderson has been authorized to sign on behalf of the Registrant.)

Exhibit Index
The following exhibits are filed herewith or incorporated herein by reference:
Exhibit No.DescriptionPage
3.1Amended and Restated Bylaws of A.M. Castle & Co., as adopted on November 3, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on February 3, 2017. Commission File No. 1-05415
3.2Amended and Restated Bylaws of A.M. Castle & Co., as adopted on April 6, 2017. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 7, 2017. Commission File No. 1-05415
10.1Restructuring Support Agreement, dated April 6, 2017 by and among the Company, certain of its subsidiaries, and certain beneficial holders or other parties signatory thereto. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 7, 2017. Commission File No. 1-05415
10.2Second Amendment to Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of April 6, 2017, by and among the Company, certain of its subsidiaries, the Lenders party thereto, and Cantor Fitzgerald Securities, as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 7, 2017. Commission File No. 1-05415
10.3Third Amendment to Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of May 4, 2017, by and among the Company, certain of its subsidiaries, the Lenders party thereto, and Cantor Fitzgerald Securities, as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 4, 2017. Commission File No. 1-05415
31.1CEO Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002E-1
31.2CFO Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002E-2
32.1CEO and CFO Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002E-3
101.INSXBRL Instance Document
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document

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