UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
[x] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31,September 30, 2017
OR
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _____ to _____
Commission File Number 1-5823
 
CNA FINANCIAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
36-6169860
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
333 S. Wabash
Chicago, Illinois
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
60604
(Zip Code)
(312) 822-5000
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes [x] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes [x] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated
filer [x]
 Accelerated filer [ ] 
Non-accelerated
filer [ ] (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 Smaller reporting company [ ] Emerging growth company [ ]
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [ ] No [x]
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Class Outstanding at April 27,October 26, 2017
Common Stock, Par value $2.50 270,980,108271,176,870



Item Number 
Page
Number
 
Page
Number
PART I. Financial Information
 
PART I. Financial Information
 
1.  
2.
3.
4.
PART II. Other Information
 
PART II. Other Information
 
1.
6.

PART I. Financial Information
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
CNA Financial Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)
Three months ended March 31   
Periods ended September 30Three Months Nine Months
(In millions, except per share data)2017 20162017 2016 2017 2016
Revenues          
Net earned premiums$1,645
 $1,699
$1,806
 $1,767
 $5,185
 $5,196
Net investment income545
 435
509
 524
 1,529
 1,461
Net realized investment gains (losses):   
Net realized investment (losses) gains:       
Other-than-temporary impairment losses(2) (23)(5) (18) (9) (56)
Other net realized investment gains (losses)38
 (13)
Net realized investment gains (losses)36
 (36)
Other net realized investment (losses) gains(19) 64
 71
 82
Net realized investment (losses) gains(24)
46
 62
 26
Other revenues104
 97
107
 96
 318
 293
Total revenues2,330
 2,195
2,398

2,433

7,094
 6,976
Claims, Benefits and Expenses          
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits1,293
 1,408
1,480
 1,202
 4,053
 3,949
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs305
 307
309
 314
 926
 926
Other operating expenses346
 381
381
 403
 1,091
 1,162
Interest43
 42
41
 39
 124
 119
Total claims, benefits and expenses1,987
 2,138
2,211

1,958

6,194
 6,156
Income before income tax343
 57
187
 475
 900
 820
Income tax (expense) benefit(83) 9
Income tax expense(43) (132) (224) (202)
Net income$260
 $66
$144

$343

$676
 $618
          
Basic earnings per share$0.96
 $0.25
$0.53
 $1.27
 $2.49
 $2.28
          
Diluted earnings per share$0.96
 $0.24
$0.53
 $1.26
 $2.48
 $2.28
          
Dividends declared per share$2.25
 $2.25
$0.30
 $0.25
 $2.80
 $2.75
          
Weighted Average Outstanding Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents          
Basic270.7
 270.3
271.2
 270.5
 271.1
 270.4
Diluted271.7
 270.9
272.1
 271.2
 272.0
 271.0
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).



CNA Financial Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
Three months ended March 31   
Periods ended September 30Three Months Nine Months
(In millions)2017 20162017 2016 2017 2016
Comprehensive Income          
Net income$260
 $66
$144
 $343
 $676
 $618
Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax          
Changes in:          
Net unrealized gains on investments with other-than-temporary impairments(4) 5
1
 3
 (3) 7
Net unrealized gains on other investments67
 234
23
 42
 167
 586
Net unrealized gains on investments63
 239
24
 45
 164
 593
Foreign currency translation adjustment11
 14
41
 (24) 94
 (58)
Pension and postretirement benefits7
 6
10
 6
 22
 17
Other comprehensive income, net of tax81
 259
75
 27
 280
 552
Total comprehensive income$341
 $325
$219
 $370
 $956
 $1,170
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

CNA Financial Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In millions, except share data)March 31, 2017 (Unaudited) December 31,
2016
September 30, 2017 (Unaudited) December 31,
2016
Assets      
Investments:      
Fixed maturity securities at fair value (amortized cost of $38,269 and $38,361)$40,980
 $40,905
Equity securities at fair value (cost of $112 and $106)120
 110
Fixed maturity securities at fair value (amortized cost of $38,814 and $38,361)$42,090
 $40,905
Equity securities at fair value (cost of $118 and $106)129
 110
Limited partnership investments2,389
 2,371
2,311
 2,371
Other invested assets40
 36
42
 36
Mortgage loans611
 591
722
 591
Short term investments1,139
 1,407
1,453
 1,407
Total investments45,279
 45,420
46,747
 45,420
Cash299
 271
283
 271
Reinsurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $38 and $37)4,395
 4,416
Insurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $47 and $46)2,144
 2,209
Reinsurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $37 and $37)4,332
 4,416
Insurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $46 and $46)2,294
 2,209
Accrued investment income431
 405
436
 405
Deferred acquisition costs626
 600
643
 600
Deferred income taxes267
 379
141
 379
Property and equipment at cost (less accumulated depreciation of $255 and $254)324
 310
Property and equipment at cost (less accumulated depreciation of $275 and $254)325
 310
Goodwill146
 145
147
 145
Other assets1,290
 1,078
1,234
 1,078
Total assets$55,201
 $55,233
$56,582
 $55,233
Liabilities 
  
 
  
Insurance reserves:   
   
Claim and claim adjustment expenses$22,260
 $22,343
$22,209
 $22,343
Unearned premiums3,912
 3,762
4,060
 3,762
Future policy benefits10,491
 10,326
11,040
 10,326
Short term debt150
 
150
 
Long term debt2,560
 2,710
2,707
 2,710
Other liabilities (includes $41 and $50 due to Loews Corporation)
4,135
 4,123
Other liabilities (includes $25 and $50 due to Loews Corporation)
4,247
 4,123
Total liabilities43,508
 43,264
44,413
 43,264
Commitments and contingencies (Notes C and F)

 



 

Stockholders' Equity 
  
 
  
Common stock ($2.50 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 273,040,243 shares issued; 270,978,126 and 270,495,998 shares outstanding)683
 683
Common stock ($2.50 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 273,040,243 shares issued; 271,176,870 and 270,495,998 shares outstanding)683
 683
Additional paid-in capital2,161
 2,173
2,167
 2,173
Retained earnings9,006
 9,359
9,273
 9,359
Accumulated other comprehensive income(92) (173)
Treasury stock (2,062,117 and 2,544,245 shares), at cost(65) (73)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)107
 (173)
Treasury stock (1,863,373 and 2,544,245 shares), at cost(61) (73)
Total stockholders’ equity11,693
 11,969
12,169
 11,969
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$55,201
 $55,233
$56,582
 $55,233
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

CNA Financial Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
Three months ended March 31   
(In millions)2017 2016
Cash Flows from Operating Activities   
Net income$260
 $66
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows provided by operating activities:   
Deferred income tax expense72
 55
Trading portfolio activity(6) (3)
Net realized investment (gains) losses(36) 36
Equity method investees38
 262
Net amortization of investments(12) (4)
Depreciation and amortization21
 21
Changes in:   
Receivables, net89
 (317)
Accrued investment income(26) (22)
Deferred acquisition costs(24) (23)
Insurance reserves135
 511
Other assets(37) (89)
Other liabilities(206) (168)
Other, net14
 9
Total adjustments22
 268
Net cash flows provided by operating activities
282
 334
Cash Flows from Investing Activities   
Dispositions:   
Fixed maturity securities - sales1,359
 1,722
Fixed maturity securities - maturities, calls and redemptions823
 490
Equity securities16
 4
Limited partnerships57
 89
Mortgage loans3
 22
Purchases:   
Fixed maturity securities(2,097) (2,238)
Equity securities(7) 
Limited partnerships(18) (169)
Mortgage loans(23) (19)
Change in other investments(1) 
Change in short term investments271
 16
Purchases of property and equipment(30) (33)
Disposals of property and equipment
 107
Other, net1
 
Net cash flows provided (used) by investing activities
$354
 $(9)
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
Nine months ended September 30   
(In millions)2017 2016
Cash Flows from Operating Activities   
Net income$676
 $618
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows provided by operating activities:   
Deferred income tax expense125
 112
Trading portfolio activity8
 
Net realized investment gains(62) (26)
Equity method investees89
 265
Net amortization of investments(30) (17)
Depreciation and amortization66
 57
Changes in:   
Receivables, net18
 (311)
Accrued investment income(31) (30)
Deferred acquisition costs(34) (24)
Insurance reserves248
 464
Other assets(121) (96)
Other liabilities(106) 61
Other, net48
 47
Total adjustments218
 502
Net cash flows provided by operating activities
894
 1,120
Cash Flows from Investing Activities   
Dispositions:   
Fixed maturity securities - sales4,167
 4,234
Fixed maturity securities - maturities, calls and redemptions2,635
 2,263
Equity securities22
 79
Limited partnerships160
 200
Mortgage loans22
 137
Purchases:   
Fixed maturity securities(6,877) (7,472)
Equity securities(18) (1)
Limited partnerships(85) (222)
Mortgage loans(153) (88)
Change in other investments(2) 10
Change in short term investments(29) 241
Purchases of property and equipment(80) (94)
Disposals of property and equipment
 107
Other, net20
 2
Net cash flows used by investing activities$(218) $(604)

Three months ended March 31   
Nine months ended September 30   
(In millions)2017 20162017 2016
Cash Flows from Financing Activities      
Dividends paid to common stockholders$(609) $(609)$(761) $(746)
Proceeds from the issuance of debt
 498
496
 498
Repayment of debt
 (358)(391) (358)
Other, net
 
(17) 1
Net cash flows used by financing activities(609)
(469)(673)
(605)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash1
 (1)9
 (8)
Net change in cash28
 (145)12
 (97)
Cash, beginning of year271
 387
271
 387
Cash, end of period$299
 $242
$283
 $290
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).


CNA Financial Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)
Three months ended March 31   
Nine months ended September 30   
(In millions)2017 20162017 2016
Common Stock      
Balance, beginning of period$683
 $683
$683
 $683
Balance, end of period683
 683
683
 683
Additional Paid-in Capital      
Balance, beginning of period2,173
 2,153
2,173
 2,153
Stock-based compensation(12) (7)(6) 10
Balance, end of period2,161
 2,146
2,167
 2,163
Retained Earnings      
Balance, beginning of period9,359
 9,313
9,359
 9,313
Dividends paid to common stockholders(613) (609)(762) (746)
Net income260
 66
676
 618
Balance, end of period9,006
 8,770
9,273
 9,185
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss   
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)   
Balance, beginning of period(173) (315)(173) (315)
Other comprehensive income81
 259
280
 552
Balance, end of period(92) (56)107
 237
Treasury Stock      
Balance, beginning of period(73) (78)(73) (78)
Stock-based compensation8
 5
12
 5
Balance, end of period(65) (73)(61) (73)
Total stockholders' equity$11,693
 $11,470
$12,169
 $12,195
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).



CNA Financial Corporation
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Note A. General
Basis of Presentation
The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of CNA Financial Corporation (CNAF) and its subsidiaries. Collectively, CNAF and its subsidiaries are referred to as CNA or the Company. Loews Corporation (Loews) owned approximately 90%89% of the outstanding common stock of CNAF as of March 31,September 30, 2017.
The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). Intercompany amounts have been eliminated. Certain financial information that is normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, including certain financial statement notes, is not required for interim reporting purposes and has been condensed or omitted. These statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in CNAF's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the year ended December 31, 2016, including the summary of significant accounting policies in Note A. The preparation of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
The interim financial data as of March 31,September 30, 2017 and for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 and 2016 is unaudited. However, in the opinion of management, the interim data includes all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the Company's results for the interim periods. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards Updates (ASU)
In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The updated accounting guidance simplifies the accounting for share-based payment award transactions, including income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities and classification on the statement of cash flows. As of January 1, 2017, the Company adopted the updated accounting guidance and began recognizing excess tax benefits or deficiencies on vesting or settlement of awards as an income tax benefit or expense within net income, instead of additional paid-in capital as required under previous guidance. The related cash flows are now classified within operating activities. As a result of this change, excess tax benefits are no longer included in assumed proceeds under the treasury stock method of calculating earnings per share. The impact of the accounting change resulted in a decrease of $3$2 million and $5 million to income tax expense for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017.

Accounting Standards Pending Adoption
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue Recognition (Topic 606): Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The standard excludes from its scope the accounting for insurance contracts, financial instruments, and certain other agreements that are governed under other GAAP guidance. The updated guidance requires an entity to recognize revenue as performance obligations are met, in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity is entitled to receive for the transfer of the promised goods or services. The standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and may be applied retrospectively or through a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings at the date of adoption.  As insurance contracts are out of scope,While the Company anticipatescontinues to evaluate the primary change will be toimpacts of this new guidance on the Consolidated financial statements, including disclosures, the Company expects that revenue recognition for certain of ouron warranty products and services.services will be recognized more slowly than under the current revenue recognition pattern.  For a significant portion of warranty products, the Company also expects Other revenues and Other operating expenses to increase to reflect the gross amount paid by consumers to the auto dealer that acts as the Company's agent. The Company has not made a decision onexpects to adopt this guidance using the methodmodified retrospective approach. While the cumulative effect of adoption and is currently evaluatingusing the effectmodified retrospective approach may be significant, the updatedCompany does not expect the impact of the new guidance will have on the Company’s financial statements, but we do not currently believe ASU 2014-09 will have ato be material effect on the Company'sto its results of operations or financial position.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. LiabilitiesThe updated accounting guidance requires changes to the reporting model for financial instruments.  The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017.  The Company is currently evaluating the effect the guidance will have on the Company's financial statements, and expects the primary change for the Company to be the requirement for equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. Upon adoption, the Company will recognize an adjustment for the cumulative amount of unrealized investment gains and losses related to available-for-sale equity securities within the opening balances of Retained earnings and Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The Company does not expect the impact of adopting ASU 2016-01 to have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842): Accounting for Leases. The updated accounting guidance requires lessees to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by all leases, including those historically accounted for as operating leases. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the effect the updated guidance will have on the Company's financial statements. It is expected that assets and liabilities will increase based on the present value of remaining lease payments for leases in place at the adoption date; however, this is not expected to be material to the Company's results of operations or financial position.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The updated accounting guidance requires changes to the recognition of credit losses on financial instruments not accounted for at fair value through net income. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the effect the guidance will have on the Company's financial statements, but expects the primary changes to be the use of the expected credit loss model for its mortgage loan portfolio and reinsurance receivables and the presentation of credit losses within the available-for-sale fixed maturities portfolio through an allowance method rather than as a direct write-down. The expected credit loss model will require a financial asset to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance method for available-for-sale debt securities will allow the Company to record reversals of credit losses if the estimate of credit losses declines.
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. The updated accounting guidance requires changes to the presentation of the components of net periodic benefit cost on the income statement by requiring service cost to be presented with other employee compensation costs and other components of net periodic pension cost to be presented outside of any subtotal of operating income. The ASU also stipulates that only the service cost component of net benefit cost is eligible for capitalization. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the effect the guidance will have on the Company's financial statements.

Note B. Earnings Per Share
Earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of outstanding common shares. Basic earnings (loss) per share excludes the effect of dilutive securities and is computed by dividing Net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock.
For the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, approximately 907 thousand and 916 thousand potential shares attributable to exercises or conversions into common stock under stock-based employee compensation plans were included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share. For those same periods, less than 1 thousand and approximately 4 thousand potential shares attributable to exercises or conversions into common stock under stock-based employee compensation plans were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share, because the effect would have been antidilutive.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, approximately 974707 thousand and 542549 thousand potential shares attributable to exercises or conversions into common stock under stock-based employee compensation plans were included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share. For those same periods, approximately 148175 thousand and 180178 thousand potential shares attributable to exercises or conversions into common stock under stock-based employee compensation plans were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share, because the effect would have been antidilutive.



Note C. Investments
The significant components of Net investment income are presented in the following table.
Three months ended March 31   
Periods ended September 30Three Months Nine Months
(In millions)2017 20162017 2016 2017 2016
Fixed maturity securities$455
 $446
$455
 $457
 $1,367
 $1,352
Equity securities1
 3
1
 1
 4
 8
Limited partnership investments90
 (14)51
 65
 157
 97
Mortgage loans7
 9
9
 8
 24
 30
Short term investments3
 3
4
 2
 10
 6
Trading portfolio2
 2
3
 1
 9
 7
Other1
 
1
 4
 2
 4
Gross investment income559
 449
524
 538
 1,573
 1,504
Investment expense(14) (14)(15) (14) (44) (43)
Net investment income$545
 $435
$509
 $524
 $1,529
 $1,461
Net realized investment gains (losses) are presented in the following table.
Three months ended March 31   
Periods ended September 30Three Months Nine Months
(In millions)2017 20162017 2016 2017 2016
Net realized investment gains (losses):          
Fixed maturity securities:          
Gross realized gains$49
 $45
$34
 $67
 $139
 $152
Gross realized losses(17) (62)(18) (20) (47) (106)
Net realized investment gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities32
 (17)16

47

92

46
Equity securities:   
       
Gross realized gains
 

 1
 1
 5
Gross realized losses
 (5)
 (4) (1) (10)
Net realized investment gains (losses) on equity securities
 (5)

(3)


(5)
Derivatives1
 (7)(1) 1
 (3) (12)
Short term investments and other3
 (7)(39) 1
 (27) (3)
Net realized investment gains (losses)$36
 $(36)$(24)
$46

$62
 $26
Net realized investment lossesgains (losses) for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 included a $42 million loss related to the redemption of the Company's $350 million senior notes due November 2019. Net realized investment gains (losses) for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 includeincluded a $8 million loss related to the first quarter 2016 redemption of the Company's $350 million senior notes due August 2016.
The components of Other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) losses recognized in earnings by asset type are presented in the following table.
Three months ended March 31   
Periods ended September 30Three Months Nine Months
(In millions)2017 20162017 2016 2017 2016
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
      
  
Corporate and other bonds$2
 $16
$4
 $14
 $8
 $43
Asset-backed:   
       
Residential mortgage-backed
 
1
 
 1
 1
Other asset-backed
 2

 
 
 3
Total asset-backed
 2
1



1
 4
Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale2
 18
5

14

9
 47
Equity securities available-for-sale -- Common stock
 5

 4
 
 9
OTTI losses recognized in earnings$2
 $23
$5

$18

$9
 $56

The following tables present a summary of fixed maturity and equity securities.
March 31, 2017
Cost or
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
OTTI
Losses (Gains)
September 30, 2017
Cost or
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
OTTI
Losses (Gains)
(In millions)
Cost or
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
OTTI
Losses (Gains)
 
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:          
Corporate and other bonds$17,838
 $1,428
 $37
 $19,229
 $(1)$17,965
 $1,645
 $26
 $19,584
 $
States, municipalities and political subdivisions12,261
 1,219
 31
 13,449
 (12)12,462
 1,501
 7
 13,956
 (14)
Asset-backed:                  
Residential mortgage-backed4,672
 121
 50
 4,743
 (27)4,906
 127
 28
 5,005
 (28)
Commercial mortgage-backed1,902
 52
 19
 1,935
 
1,858
 55
 13
 1,900
 
Other asset-backed1,043
 10
 4
 1,049
 
1,047
 18
 4
 1,061
 
Total asset-backed7,617
 183
 73
 7,727
 (27)7,811
 200
 45
 7,966
 (28)
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises95
 8
 
 103
 
115
 3
 3
 115
 
Foreign government419
 14
 1
 432
 
439
 10
 4
 445
 
Redeemable preferred stock19
 1
 
 20
 
18
 2
 
 20
 
Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale38,249
 2,853
 142
 40,960
 $(40)38,810
 3,361
 85
 42,086
 $(42)
Total fixed maturity securities trading20
 

 

 20
  4
 

 

 4
  
Equity securities available-for-sale:                  
Common stock20
 5
 
 25
  16
 7
 1
 22
  
Preferred stock92
 5
 2
 95
  102
 5
 
 107
  
Total equity securities available-for-sale112
 10
 2
 120
  118
 12
 1
 129
  
Total$38,381
 $2,863
 $144
 $41,100
  $38,932
 $3,373
 $86
 $42,219
  

December 31, 2016
Cost or
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
OTTI
Losses (Gains)
(In millions)    
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:         
Corporate and other bonds$17,711
 $1,323
 $76
 $18,958
 $(1)
States, municipalities and political subdivisions12,060
 1,213
 33
 13,240
 (16)
Asset-backed:         
Residential mortgage-backed5,004
 120
 51
 5,073
 (28)
Commercial mortgage-backed2,016
 48
 24
 2,040
 
Other asset-backed1,022
 8
 5
 1,025
 
Total asset-backed8,042
 176
 80
 8,138
 (28)
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises83
 10
 
 93
 
Foreign government435
 13
 3
 445
 
Redeemable preferred stock18
 1
 
 19
 
Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale38,349
 2,736
 192
 40,893
 $(45)
Total fixed maturity securities trading12
 

 

 12
  
Equity securities available-for-sale:         
Common stock13
 6
 
 19
  
Preferred stock93
 2
 4
 91
  
Total equity securities available-for-sale106
 8
 4
 110
  
Total$38,467
 $2,744
 $196
 $41,015
  


The net unrealized gains on investments included in the tables above are recorded as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI). When presented in AOCI, these amounts are net of tax and any required Shadow Adjustments. To the extent that unrealized gains on fixed income securities supporting certain products within the Life & Group Non-Core segment would result in a premium deficiency if realized, a related increase in Insurance reserves is recorded, net of tax, as a reduction of net unrealized gains through Other comprehensive income (loss) (Shadow Adjustments). As of March 31,September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the net unrealized gains on investments included in AOCI were correspondingly reduced by Shadow Adjustments of $1,060$1,321 million and $1,014 million.


The following tables present the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of fixed maturity and equity securities in a gross unrealized loss position by the length of time in which the securities have continuously been in that position.
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer TotalLess than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total
March 31, 2017
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
September 30, 2017
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
(In millions)
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:            
Corporate and other bonds$1,915
 $29
 $134
 $8
 $2,049
 $37
$1,216
 $21
 $91
 $5
 $1,307
 $26
States, municipalities and political subdivisions845
 31
 33
 
 878
 31
583
 6
 56
 1
 639
 7
Asset-backed:                      
Residential mortgage-backed2,188
 44
 170
 6
 2,358
 50
1,522
 25
 106
 3
 1,628
 28
Commercial mortgage-backed590
 15
 139
 4
 729
 19
378
 6
 138
 7
 516
 13
Other asset-backed256
 4
 28
 
 284
 4
129
 4
 10
 
 139
 4
Total asset-backed3,034
 63
 337
 10
 3,371
 73
2,029
 35
 254
 10
 2,283
 45
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises31
 
 
 
 31
 
67
 3
 6
 
 73
 3
Foreign government89
 1
 
 
 89
 1
191
 4
 5
 
 196
 4
Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale5,914
 124
 504
 18
 6,418
 142
4,086
 69
 412
 16
 4,498
 85
Equity securities available-for-sale:        

 

        

 

Common stock2
 
 
 
 2
 
2
 1
 
 
 2
 1
Preferred stock15
 2
 
 
 15
 2
16
 
 
 
 16
 
Total equity securities available-for-sale17
 2
 
 
 17
 2
18
 1
 
 
 18
 1
Total$5,931

$126

$504

$18

$6,435

$144
$4,104

$70

$412

$16

$4,516

$86

 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total
December 31, 2016
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
(In millions)     
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:           
Corporate and other bonds$2,615
 $61
 $254
 $15
 $2,869
 $76
States, municipalities and political subdivisions959
 32
 23
 1
 982
 33
Asset-backed:           
Residential mortgage-backed2,136
 44
 201
 7
 2,337
 51
Commercial mortgage-backed756
 22
 69
 2
 825
 24
Other asset-backed398
 5
 24
 
 422
 5
Total asset-backed3,290
 71
 294
 9
 3,584
 80
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises5
 
 
 
 5
 
   Foreign government108
 3
 
 
 108
 3
Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale6,977
 167
 571
 25
 7,548
 192
Equity securities available-for-sale -- Preferred stock12
 
 13
 4
 25
 4
Total$6,989
 $167
 $584
 $29
 $7,573
 $196

Based on current facts and circumstances, the Company believes the unrealized losses presented in the March 31,September 30, 2017 securities in a gross unrealized loss position table above are not indicative of the ultimate collectibility of the current amortized cost of the securities, but rather are attributable to changes in interest rates, credit spreads and other factors. The Company has no current intent to sell securities with unrealized losses, nor is it more likely than not that it will be required to sell prior to recovery of amortized cost; accordingly, the Company has determined that there are no additional OTTI losses to be recorded as of March 31,September 30, 2017.
The following table presents the activity related to the pretax credit loss component reflected in Retained earnings on fixed maturity securities still held as of March 31,September 30, 2017 and 2016 for which a portion of an OTTI loss was recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss).
Three months ended March 31   
Periods ended September 30Three Months Nine Months
(In millions)2017 20162017 2016 2017 2016
Beginning balance of credit losses on fixed maturity securities$36
 $53
$30
 $41
 $36
 $53
Reductions for securities sold during the period(4) (5)(2) (2) (8) (14)
Reductions for securities the Company intends to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell
 (1) 
 (1)
Ending balance of credit losses on fixed maturity securities$32
 $48
$28

$38

$28
 $38
Contractual Maturity
The following table presents available-for-sale fixed maturity securities by contractual maturity.
March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
(In millions)
Cost or
Amortized
Cost
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Cost or
Amortized
Cost
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
Cost or
Amortized
Cost
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Cost or
Amortized
Cost
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
Due in one year or less$1,655
 $1,701
 $1,779
 $1,828
$1,374
 $1,404
 $1,779
 $1,828
Due after one year through five years7,539
 7,918
 7,566
 7,955
7,931
 8,293
 7,566
 7,955
Due after five years through ten years15,645
 16,176
 15,892
 16,332
15,853
 16,574
 15,892
 16,332
Due after ten years13,410
 15,165
 13,112
 14,778
13,652
 15,815
 13,112
 14,778
Total$38,249
 $40,960
 $38,349
 $40,893
$38,810
 $42,086
 $38,349
 $40,893
Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain securities may be called or prepaid. Securities not due at a single date are allocated based on weighted average life.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company holds an embedded derivative on a funds withheld liability with a notional value of $172$170 million and $174 million as of March 31,September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and a fair value of $2$(1) million and $3 million as of March 31,September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. The embedded derivative on the funds withheld liability is accounted for separately and reported with the funds withheld liability in Other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Investment Commitments
As of March 31,September 30, 2017, the Company had committed approximately $394$405 million to future capital calls from various third-party limited partnership investments in exchange for an ownership interest in the related partnerships.
As of March 31,September 30, 2017, the Company had mortgage loan commitments of $46$68 million representing signed loan applications received and accepted.
The Company invests in various privately placed debt securities, including bank loans, as part of its overall investment strategy and has committed to additional future purchases, sales and funding. Purchases and sales of privately placed debt securities are recorded once funded. As of March 31,September 30, 2017, the Company had commitments to purchase or fund additional amounts of $217$205 million and sell $196$185 million under the terms of such securities.


Note D. Fair Value
Fair value is the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The following fair value hierarchy is used in selecting inputs, with the highest priority given to Level 1, as these are the most transparent or reliable.
Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets.
Level 3 - Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs are not observable.
Prices may fall within Level 1, 2 or 3 depending upon the methodology and inputs used to estimate fair value for each specific security. In general, the Company seeks to price securities using third-party pricing services. Securities not priced by pricing services are submitted to independent brokers for valuation and, if those are not available, internally developed pricing models are used to value assets using a methodology and inputs the Company believes market participants would use to value the assets. Prices obtained from third-party pricing services or brokers are not adjusted by the Company.
The Company performs control procedures over information obtained from pricing services and brokers to ensure prices received represent a reasonable estimate of fair value and to confirm representations regarding whether inputs are observable or unobservable. Procedures may include i) the review of pricing service methodologies or broker pricing qualifications, ii) back-testing, where past fair value estimates are compared to actual transactions executed in the market on similar dates, iii) exception reporting, where period-over-period changes in price are reviewed and challenged with the pricing service or broker based on exception criteria, iv) deep dives, where the Company performs an independent analysis of the inputs and assumptions used to price individual securities and v) pricing validation, where prices received are compared to prices independently estimated by the Company.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are presented in the following tables.
March 31, 2017      
Total
Assets/Liabilities
at Fair Value
September 30, 2017      
Total
Assets/Liabilities
at Fair Value
(In millions)Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Total
Assets/Liabilities
at Fair Value
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Assets             
Fixed maturity securities:              
Corporate and other bonds$
 $19,125
 $121
 $19,246
$
 $19,469
 $119
 $19,588
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
 13,451
 1
 13,452

 13,955
 1
 13,956
Asset-backed:              
Residential mortgage-backed
 4,617
 126
 4,743

 4,829
 176
 5,005
Commercial mortgage-backed
 1,922
 13
 1,935

 1,876
 24
 1,900
Other asset-backed
 932
 117
 1,049

 915
 146
 1,061
Total asset-backed
 7,471
 256
 7,727

 7,620
 346
 7,966
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises103
 
 
 103
115
 
 
 115
Foreign government
 432
 
 432

 445
 
 445
Redeemable preferred stock20
 
 
 20
20
 
 
 20
Total fixed maturity securities123
 40,479
 378
 40,980
135
 41,489
 466
 42,090
Equity securities101
 
 19
 120
110
 
 19
 129
Other invested assets
 5
 
 5

 5
 
 5
Short term investments225
 829
 
 1,054
479
 876
 
 1,355
Life settlement contracts, included in Other assets
 
 46
 46
Total assets$449
 $41,313
 $443
 $42,205
$724
 $42,370
 $485
 $43,579
Liabilities     
  
     
  
Other liabilities$
 $(2) $
 $(2)$
 $1
 $
 $1
Total liabilities$
 $(2) $
 $(2)$
 $1
 $
 $1
December 31, 2016      
Total
Assets/Liabilities
at Fair Value
(In millions)Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Assets       
Fixed maturity securities:       
Corporate and other bonds$
 $18,840
 $130
 $18,970
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
 13,239
 1
 13,240
Asset-backed:       
Residential mortgage-backed
 4,944
 129
 5,073
Commercial mortgage-backed
 2,027
 13
 2,040
Other asset-backed
 968
 57
 1,025
Total asset-backed
 7,939
 199
 8,138
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises93
 
 
 93
Foreign government
 445
 
 445
Redeemable preferred stock19
 
 
 19
Total fixed maturity securities112
 40,463
 330
 40,905
Equity securities91
 
 19
 110
Other invested assets
 5
 
 5
Short term investments475
 853
 
 1,328
Life settlement contracts, included in Other assets
 
 58
 58
Total assets$678
 $41,321
 $407
 $42,406
Liabilities     
  
Other liabilities$
 $(3) $
 $(3)
Total liabilities$
 $(3) $
 $(3)

The tables below present a reconciliation for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).
Level 3
(In millions)
Balance as of
January 1,
2017
 Net realized investment gains (losses) and net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) included in net income (loss)* Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) included in Other comprehensive income (loss) Purchases Sales Settlements 
Transfers into
Level 3
 
Transfers out
of Level 3
 
Balance as of
March 31,
2017
 Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2017 recognized in Net income (loss)*
Balance as of
July 1,
2017
 Net realized investment gains (losses) and net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) included in net income (loss)* Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) included in Other comprehensive income (loss) Purchases Sales Settlements 
Transfers into
Level 3
 
Transfers out
of Level 3
 
Balance as of
September 30,
2017
 Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2017 recognized in Net income (loss)*
Fixed maturity securities:                                      
Corporate and other bonds$130
 $
 $1
 $5
 $(1) $(14) $
 $
 $121
 $
$100
 $1
 $1
 $13
 $
 $(11) $15
 $
 $119
 $
States, municipalities and political subdivisions1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1
 
1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1
 
Asset-backed:                 
                   
  
Residential mortgage-backed129
 1
 2
 
 
 (6) 
 
 126
 
123
 1
 1
 
 
 (7) 58
 
 176
 
Commercial mortgage-backed13
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13
 
13
 
 (1) 12
 
 (2) 2
 
 24
 
Other asset-backed57
 (1) 
 38
 
 
 28
 (5) 117
 
82
 (1) 1
 27
 
 (4) 41
 
 146
 
Total asset-backed199
 
 2
 38
 
 (6) 28
 (5) 256
 
218
 
 1
 39
 
 (13) 101
 
 346
 
Total fixed maturity securities330
 
 3
 43
 (1) (20) 28
 (5) 378
 
319
 1
 2
 52
 
 (24) 116
 
 466
 
Equity securities19
 
 1
 1
 (2) 
 
 
 19
 
19
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 19
 
Derivative financial instruments
 1
 
 
 (1) 
 
 
 
 
Life settlement contracts58
 6
 
 
 (13) (5) 
 
 46
 
1
 
 
 
 (1) 
 
 
 
 
Total$407
 $7
 $4
 $44
 $(17) $(25) $28
 $(5) $443
 $
$339
 $1
 $2
 $52
 $(1) $(24) $116
 $
 $485
 $

Level 3
(In millions)
Balance as of
January 1,
2016
 Net realized investment gains (losses) and net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) included in net income (loss)* Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) included in Other comprehensive income (loss) Purchases Sales Settlements 
Transfers into
Level 3
 
Transfers out
of Level 3
 
Balance as of
March 31,
2016
 Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2016 recognized in Net income (loss)*
Balance as of
July 1,
2016
 Net realized investment gains (losses) and net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) included in net income (loss)* Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) included in Other comprehensive income (loss) Purchases Sales Settlements 
Transfers into
Level 3
 
Transfers out
of Level 3
 
Balance as of
September 30,
2016
 Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2016 recognized in Net income (loss)*
Fixed maturity securities:                                      
Corporate and other bonds$168
 $(1) $4
 $53
 $(16) $(3) $
 $(12) $193
 $
$242
 $1
 $7
 $16
 $
 $(5) $
 $
 $261
 $
States, municipalities and political subdivisions2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2
 
2
 
 
 
 
 (1) 
 
 1
 
Asset-backed:                 
                   
  
Residential mortgage-backed134
 1
 
 
 
 (5) 
 (2) 128
 
134
 
 (1) 5
 
 (1) 
 (58) 79
 
Commercial mortgage-backed22
 
 
 9
 
 
 
 (4) 27
 
11
 
 
 23
 
 (8) 
 (2) 24
 
Other asset-backed53
 
 
 
 
 
 2
 (5) 50
 
45
 
 
 34
 
 
 
 (36) 43
 
Total asset-backed209
 1
 
 9
 
 (5) 2
 (11) 205
 
190
 
 (1) 62
 
 (9) 
 (96) 146
 
Total fixed maturity securities379
 
 4
 62
 (16) (8) 2
 (23) 400
 
434
 1
 6
 78
 
 (15) 
 (96) 408
 
Equity securities20
 
 (1) 
 
 
 
 
 19
 
19
 (1) 1
 
 
 
 
 
 19
 (2)
Life settlement contracts74
 4
 
 
 
 (6) 
 
 72
 1
67
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 67
 
Total$473
 $4
 $3
 $62
 $(16) $(14) $2
 $(23) $491
 $1
$520
 $
 $7
 $78
 $
 $(15) $
 $(96) $494
 $(2)

Level 3
(In millions)
Balance as of
January 1,
2017
 Net realized investment gains (losses) and net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) included in net income (loss)* Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) included in Other comprehensive income (loss) Purchases Sales Settlements 
Transfers into
Level 3
 
Transfers out
of Level 3
 
Balance as of
September 30,
2017
 Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2017 recognized in Net income (loss)*
Fixed maturity securities:                   
Corporate and other bonds$130
 $1
 $2
 $18
 $(1) $(36) $15
 $(10) $119
 $
States, municipalities and political subdivisions1
 
 


 
 
 
 
 1
 
Asset-backed:                   
Residential mortgage-backed129
 3
 4


 
 (18) 58
 
 176
 
Commercial mortgage-backed13
 
 (1)
12
 
 (2) 2
 
 24
 
Other asset-backed57
 (2) 1

78
 
 (6) 93
 (75) 146
 
Total asset-backed199
 1
 4
 90
 
 (26) 153
 (75) 346
 
Total fixed maturity securities330
 2
 6
 108
 (1) (62) 168
 (85) 466
 
Equity securities19
 
 2

1
 (3) 
 
 
 19
 
Derivative financial instruments
 1
 


 (1) 
 
 
 
 
Life settlement contracts58
 6
 
 
 (59) (5) 
 
 
 
Total$407
 $9
 $8
 $109
 $(64) $(67) $168
 $(85) $485
 $

Level 3
(In millions)
Balance as of
January 1,
2016
 Net realized investment gains (losses) and net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) included in net income (loss)* Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) included in Other comprehensive income (loss) Purchases Sales Settlements 
Transfers into
Level 3
 
Transfers out
of Level 3
 
Balance as of
September 30,
2016
 Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2016 recognized in Net income (loss)*
Fixed maturity securities:                   
Corporate and other bonds$168
 $1
 $14
 $163
 $(36) $(15) $
 $(34) $261
 $
States, municipalities and political subdivisions2
 
 
 
 
 (1) 
 
 1
 
Asset-backed:                 
  
Residential mortgage-backed134
 2
 (2) 15
 
 (10) 
 (60) 79
 
Commercial mortgage-backed22
 
 
 32
 
 (17) 3
 (16) 24
 
Other asset-backed53
 
 2
 69
 (25) (1) 2
 (57) 43
 
Total asset-backed209
 2
 
 116
 (25) (28) 5
 (133) 146
 
Total fixed maturity securities379
 3
 14
 279
 (61) (44) 5
 (167) 408
 
Equity securities20
 (1) 
 
 
 
 
 
 19
 (2)
Life settlement contracts74
 10
 
 
 
 (17) 
 
 67
 2
Total$473
 $12
 $14
 $279
 $(61) $(61) $5
 $(167) $494
 $


*Net realized and unrealized gains and losses from Level 3 securities and derivatives are reported in Net income (loss) as follows:
Major Category of Assets and Liabilities Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Line Items
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale (1)
 Net realized investment gains (losses)
Fixed maturity securities trading Net investment income
Equity securities (1)
 Net realized investment gains (losses)
Other invested assets - Derivative financial instruments held in a trading portfolio Net investment income
Other invested assets - Derivative financial instruments not held in a trading portfolio Net realized investment gains (losses)
Life settlement contracts Other revenues
Other liabilities - Derivative financial instruments Net realized investment gains (losses)
(1) Unrealized gains and losses are reported within AOCI.
Securities may be transferred in or out of levels within the fair value hierarchy based on the availability of observable market information and quoted prices used to determine the fair value of the security. The availability of observable market information and quoted prices varies based on market conditions and trading volume. During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 and 2016, there were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2. The Company's policy is to recognize transfers between levels at the beginning of quarterly reporting periods.
Valuation Methodologies and Inputs
The following section describes the valuation methodologies and relevant inputs used to measure different financial instruments at fair value, including an indication of the level in the fair value hierarchy in which the instruments are generally classified.
Fixed Maturity Securities
Level 1 securities include highly liquid and exchange traded bonds and redeemable preferred stock, valued using quoted market prices. Level 2 securities include most other fixed maturity securities as the significant inputs are observable in the marketplace. All classes of Level 2 fixed maturity securities are valued using a methodology based on information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets, a discounted cash flow methodology, or a combination of both when necessary. Common inputs for all classes of fixed maturity securities include prices from recently executed transactions of similar securities, marketplace quotes, benchmark yields, spreads off benchmark yields, interest rates and U.S. Treasury or swap curves. Specifically for asset-backed securities, key inputs include prepayment and default projections based on past performance of the underlying collateral and current market data. Fixed maturity securities are primarily assigned to Level 3 in cases where broker/dealer quotes are significant inputs to the valuation, and there is a lack of transparency as to whether these quotes are based on information that is observable in the marketplace. Level 3 securities also include private placement debt securities whose fair value is determined using internal models with inputs that are not market observable.
Equity Securities
Level 1 equity securities include publicly traded securities valued using quoted market prices. Level 2 securities are primarily non-redeemable preferred stocks and common stocks valued using pricing for similar securities, recently executed transactions and other pricing models utilizing market observable inputs. Level 3 securities are primarily priced using broker/dealer quotes and internal models with inputs that are not market observable.




Other Invested Assets
The fair value of Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago (FHLBC) stock is equal to par because it can only be redeemed by the FHLBC at par or sold to another member of the FHLBC at par and is classified as Level 2.
As of March 31,September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there were approximately $35$37 million and $31 million respectively of overseas deposits within other invested assets, which can be redeemed at net asset value in 90 days or less. Overseas deposits are excluded from the fair value hierarchy, because their fair value is recorded using the net asset value per share (or equivalent) practical expedient.
Short Term Investments
Securities that are actively traded or have quoted prices are classified as Level 1. These securities include money market funds and treasury bills. Level 2 primarily includes commercial paper, for which all inputs are market observable. Fixed maturity securities purchased within one year of maturity are classified consistent with fixed maturity securities discussed above. Short term investments as presented in the tables above differ from the amounts presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets because certain short term investments, such as time deposits, are not measured at fair value.
Life Settlement Contracts
The Company accounts for its investment in life settlement contracts using the fair value method. Historically, the fair value of life settlement contracts was determined as the present value of the anticipated death benefits less anticipated premium payments based on contract terms that are distinct for each insured, as well as the Company's own assumptions for mortality, premium expense and the rate of return that a buyer would require on the contracts.
The entire portfolio of life settlement contracts, which is included within the Life and Group Non-Core segment, was determined to be held for sale as of December 31, 2016 as the Company reached an agreement on terms to sell the portfolio. As such, the Company adjusted the fair value to the estimated sales proceeds less cost to sell. The definitive Purchase and Sale Agreement (PSA) related to the portfolio was executed on March 7, 2017 (sale date). In connection therewith, the life settlement contracts and related sale proceeds were placed in escrow until the buyer iswas recognized as the owner and beneficiary of each individual life settlement contract by the life insurance company that issued the policy. A numberAll of the contracts have been released from escrow as of March 31,September 30, 2017. The Company derecognized thesethe released contracts and recorded the consideration, including a note receivable, which is payable over three years and is carried at amortized cost less any valuation allowance. The note receivable of $45 million is included within Other assets on the September 30, 2017 Condensed Consolidated Balance SheetsSheet and interest income is accreted to the principal balance of the note receivable. The remaining contracts still in escrow have not been derecognized and were measured at the fair value per the PSA.note.
The fair value of the Company's investments in life settlement contracts were $46$0 million and $58 million as of March 31,September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, and are included in Other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Despite the sale, the contracts have beenwere classified as Level 3 as there is not an active market for life settlement contracts. The cash receipts and payments related to the life settlement contracts prior to the sale date are included in Cash Flows from operating activities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Cash receipts related to the sale of the life settlement contracts, as well as principal payments on the note receivable, are included in Cash Flows from investing activities.
Derivative Financial Investments
Level 2 securities primarily include the embedded derivative on the funds withheld liability. The embedded derivative on funds withheld liability is valued using the change in fair value of the assets supporting the funds withheld liability, which are fixed maturity securities valued with observable inputs.





Significant Unobservable Inputs
The following tables present quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs utilized by the Company in the fair value measurements of Level 3 assets. Valuations for assets and liabilities not presented in the tables below are primarily based on broker/dealer quotes for which there is a lack of transparency as to inputs used to develop the valuations. The quantitative detail of these unobservable inputs is neither provided nor reasonably available to the Company. The valuation of life settlement contracts was based on the terms of the sale of the contracts to a third party,party; therefore, the contracts are not included in the table below.
March 31, 2017
Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)
 Valuation Technique(s) Unobservable Input(s) 
Range
 (Weighted Average)
September 30, 2017
Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)
 Valuation Technique(s) Unobservable Input(s) 
Range
 (Weighted Average)
Fixed maturity securities$122
 Discounted cash flow Credit spread 2% - 40% (4%)$139
 Discounted cash flow Credit spread 1% - 12% (3%)
December 31, 2016Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)
 Valuation Technique(s) Unobservable Input(s) 
Range
 (Weighted Average)
Fixed maturity securities$106
 Discounted cash flow Credit spread 2% - 40% (4%)
For fixed maturity securities, an increase to the credit spread assumptions would result in a lower fair value measurement.
Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value
The carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company's financial assets and liabilities which are not measured at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are presented in the following tables.
March 31, 2017
Carrying
Amount
 Estimated Fair Value
September 30, 2017
Carrying
Amount
 Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)
Carrying
Amount
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets                 
Mortgage loans$611
 $
 $
 $616
 $616
$722
 $
 $
 $731
 $731
Note receivable10
 
 
 10
 10
45


 

46
 46
Liabilities                  
Short term debt$150
 $
 $156
 $
 $156
$150
 $
 $152
 $
 $152
Long term debt2,560
 
 2,811
 
 2,811
2,707
 
 2,916
 
 2,916
December 31, 2016Carrying
Amount
 Estimated Fair Value
(In millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets         
Mortgage loans$591
 $
 $
 $594
 $594
Liabilities         
Long term debt$2,710
 $
 $2,952
 $
 $2,952
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of these financial assets and liabilities.
The fair values of mortgage loans were based on the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the current interest rate for origination of similar quality loans, adjusted for specific loan risk.
The fair value of the note receivable was based on the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the current interest rate for origination of similar notes, adjusted for specific credit risk.
The Company's senior notes and debentures were valued based on observable market prices. The fair value for other debt was estimated using discounted cash flows based on current incremental borrowing rates for similar borrowing arrangements.
The carrying amounts reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for Cash, Short term investments not carried at fair value, Accrued investment income and certain Other assets and Other liabilities approximate fair value due to the short term nature of these items. These assets and liabilities are not listed in the tables above.

Note E. Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves
The Company's property and casualty insurance claim and claim adjustment expense reserves represent the estimated amounts necessary to resolve all outstanding claims, including incurred but not reported (IBNR) claims as of the reporting date. The Company's reserve projections are based primarily on detailed analysis of the facts in each case, the Company's experience with similar cases and various historical development patterns. Consideration is given to such historical patterns as claim reserving trends and settlement practices, loss payments, pending levels of unpaid claims and product mix, as well as court decisions, economic conditions, including inflation, and public attitudes. All of these factors can affect the estimation of claim and claim adjustment expense reserves.
Establishing claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, including claim and claim adjustment expense reserves for catastrophic events that have occurred, is an estimation process. Many factors can ultimately affect the final settlement of a claim and, therefore, the necessary reserve. Changes in the law, results of litigation, medical costs, the cost of repair materials and labor rates can all affect ultimate claim costs. In addition, time can be a critical part of reserving determinations since the longer the span between the incidence of a loss and the payment or settlement of the claim, the more variable the ultimate settlement amount can be. Accordingly, short-tail claims, such as property damage claims, tend to be more reasonably estimable than long-tail claims, such as workers' compensation, general liability and professional liability claims. Adjustments to prior year reserve estimates, if necessary, are reflected in the results of operations in the period that the need for such adjustments is determined. There can be no assurance that the Company's ultimate cost for insurance losses will not exceed current estimates.
Catastrophes are an inherent risk of the property and casualty insurance business and have contributed to material period-to-period fluctuations in the Company's results of operations and/or equity. The Company reported catastrophe losses, net of reinsurance, of $34$269 million and $36$342 million for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017. Net catastrophe losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 included $149 million related to Hurricane Harvey, $95 million related to Hurricane Irma and 2016.$20 million related to Hurricane Maria. The remaining catastrophe losses in 2017 resulted primarily from U.S. weather-related events. Catastrophe-related reinsurance reinstatement premium was $6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The Company reported catastrophe losses, net of reinsurance, of $16 million and $137 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. Catastrophe losses in the first quarter of 2017 related2016 resulted primarily tofrom U.S. weather-related events.events and the Fort McMurray wildfires.

Liability for Unpaid Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses Rollforward
The following table presents a reconciliation between beginning and ending claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, including claim and claim adjustment expense reserves of the Life & Group Non-Core segment.
For the three months ended March 31   
For the nine months ended September 30 
(In millions)2017 20162017 2016
Reserves, beginning of year:      
Gross$22,343
 $22,663
$22,343
 $22,663
Ceded4,094
 4,087
4,094
 4,087
Net reserves, beginning of year18,249
 18,576
18,249
 18,576
Net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses:      
Provision for insured events of current year1,207
 1,224
3,949
 3,799
Decrease in provision for insured events of prior years(82) (45)(284) (332)
Amortization of discount48
 48
138
 134
Total net incurred (1)
1,173
 1,227
3,803

3,601
Net payments attributable to:      
Current year events(68) (76)(560) (591)
Prior year events(1,184) (1,147)(3,401) (3,209)
Total net payments(1,252) (1,223)(3,961)
(3,800)
Foreign currency translation adjustment and other14
 39
110
 39
Net reserves, end of period18,184
 18,619
18,201
 18,416
Ceded reserves, end of period4,076
 4,399
4,008
 4,256
Gross reserves, end of period$22,260
 $23,018
$22,209

$22,672
(1)Total net incurred above does not agree to Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits as reflected on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations due to amounts related to retroactive reinsurance deferred gain accounting, uncollectible reinsurance and loss deductible receivables, and benefit expenses related to future policy benefits, which are not reflected in the table above.

Net Prior Year Development
Changes in estimates of claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves and premium accruals, net of reinsurance, for prior years are defined as net prior year development. These changes can be favorable or unfavorable. The following tables and discussion present the net prior year development recorded for Specialty, Commercial, International and Corporate & Other Non-Core segments.
Three months ended March 31, 2017         
Three months ended September 30, 2017         
(In millions)

Specialty
  Commercial International 
Corporate
& Other
Non-Core
 Total

Specialty
  Commercial International 
Corporate
& Other
Non-Core
 Total
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable net prior year claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserve development$(31) $(24) $(2) $
 $(57)$(109) $(7) $1
 $
 $(115)
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable premium development(5) 37
 (7) 
 25
(3) (11) (5) 
 (19)
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable net prior year development$(36) $13
 $(9) $
 $(32)$(112) $(18) $(4) $
 $(134)
Three months ended March 31, 2016         
Three months ended September 30, 2016         
(In millions)

Specialty
  Commercial International 
Corporate
& Other
Non-Core
 Total

Specialty
  Commercial International 
Corporate
& Other
Non-Core
 Total
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable net prior year claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserve development$(34) $(14) $(4) $
 $(52)$(112) $(5) $(15) $
 $(132)
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable premium development(11) (2) (1) 
 (14)
 (3) (2) 
 (5)
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable net prior year development$(45) $(16) $(5) $
 $(66)$(112) $(8) $(17) $
 $(137)
Nine months ended September 30, 2017         
(In millions)

Specialty
  Commercial International 
Corporate
& Other
Non-Core
 Total
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable net prior year claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserve development$(163) $(65) $1
 $
 $(227)
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable premium development(13) 27
 (16) 
 (2)
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable net prior year development$(176) $(38) $(15) $
 $(229)
Nine months ended September 30, 2016         
(In millions)

Specialty
  Commercial International 
Corporate
& Other
Non-Core
 Total
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable net prior year claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserve development$(211) $(37) $(34) $
 $(282)
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable premium development(18) (7) (2) 
 (27)
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable net prior year development$(229) $(44) $(36) $
 $(309)
Premium development can occur in the property and casualty business when there is a change in exposure on auditable policies or when premium accruals differ from processed premium.  Audits on policies usually occur in a period after the expiration date of the policy. See further information on the premium development in the Commercial segment for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 within the Small Business discussion in Note F.

Specialty
The following table presents further detail of the net prior year claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserve development (development) recorded for the Specialty segment.
Three months ended March 31   
Periods ended September 30Three Months Nine Months
(In millions)2017 20162017 2016 2017 2016
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:          
Medical Professional Liability$1
 $(7)$1
 $13
 $5
 $(17)
Other Professional Liability and Management Liability(32) (9)(27) (48) (96) (98)
Surety
 
(82) (63) (82) (63)
Warranty
 2
(1) 2
 5
 7
Other
 (20)
 (16) 5
 (40)
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development$(31) $(34)$(109) $(112) $(163) $(211)
Three Months
2017
Favorable development in other professional liability and management liability was primarily due to lower than expected claim frequency in accident years 2012 through 2015, primarily for professional liability products.
Favorable development in surety coverages was primarily due to lower than expected frequency of large losses in accident years 2015 and prior.
2016
Unfavorable development for medical professional liability was largely due to higher than expected frequency in accident years 2014 and 2015 in aging services. Increased claims on a specific hospital policy in accident years 2014 and 2015 was also an unfavorable contributor although more than offset by favorable development relative to expectations in accident years 2013 and prior.
Favorable development in other professional liability and management liability was primarily related to lower than expected frequency of claims and favorable outcomes on specific claims for accident years 2010 through 2014.
Favorable development in surety coverages was primarily due to lower than expected frequency of large losses in accident years 2014 and prior.
Favorable development for other coverages was due to better than expected claim frequency in commercial lines coverages provided to Specialty customers in accident years 2010 through 2015.

Nine Months
2017
Favorable development in other professional liability and management liability was primarily due to favorable settlements on closed claims and a lower frequency of large losses for accident years 2011 through 2016 for professional and management liability, lower than expected claim frequency in accident years 2012 through 2015 for professional liability and lower than expected severity in accident years 2014 through 2016 for professional liability.
Favorable development in surety coverages was primarily due to lower than expected frequency of large losses related to professional liability in accident years 2011 through 2016.2015 and prior.
2016
Favorable development for medical professional liability was primarily due to lower than expected severityseverities for individual healthcare professionals, allied facilities and hospitals in accident years 2011 and prior. This was partially offset by unfavorable development in accident years 2012 and 2013 related to higher than expected large loss emergence in hospitals and higher than expected frequency and severity in accident years 2014 and 2015.2015 in our aging services business.
Favorable development in other professional liability and management liability was primarily related to favorable settlements on closed claims in accident years 2011 through 2013.2013 in professional services. Additional favorable development related to lower than expected frequency of claims and favorable outcomes on specific claims in accident years 2010 through 2014 in professional services. This was partially offset by unfavorable development related to a specific financial institutions claim in accident year 2014, higher severities in accident year 2015, and continued deterioration on credit crises-related claims in accident year 2009 related2009.
Favorable development in surety coverages was primarily due to the credit crisis.lower than expected frequency of large losses in accident years 2014 and prior.
Favorable development for other coverages provided to Specialty customers was primarily due to better than expected claim frequency in property coverages provided to Specialty customers in accident year 2015 and commercial lines coverages in accident years 2010 through 2015.



Commercial
The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the Commercial segment.
Three months ended March 31   
Periods ended September 30Three Months Nine Months
(In millions)2017 20162017 2016 2017 2016
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:          
Commercial Auto$(26) $(15)$(14) $(12) $(40) $(47)
General Liability
 (15)7
 14
 6
 (38)
Workers' Compensation
 4
7
 (6) (39) 48
Property and Other2
 12
(7) (1) 8
 
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development$(24) $(14)$(7) $(5) $(65) $(37)
Three Months
2017
Favorable development for commercial auto was primarily due to lower than expected severity in accident years 2015 and 2016, as well as a large favorable recovery on a claim in accident year 2012.
Unfavorable development in workers' compensation reflects the recognition of loss estimates related to favorable premium development as well as an adverse arbitration ruling related to reinsurance recoverables from older accident years.
2016
Favorable development for commercial auto was primarily due to lower than expected severities in accident years 2012 through 2015.
Unfavorable development for general liability was primarily due to an increase in reported claims prior to the closing of the three year window set forth by the Minnesota Child Victims Act in accident years 2006 and prior.
Favorable development for workers' compensation was primarily driven by lower than expected frequencies in accident years 2009 through 2014, partially offset by the estimated impact of recent Florida court rulings in accident years 2008 through 2015.


Nine Months
2017
Favorable development for commercial auto was primarily due to lower than expected severity in accident years 2013 through 2015.2016, as well as a large favorable recovery on a claim in accident year 2012.
Favorable development for workers’ compensation was primarily related to decreases in frequency and severity in recent accident years, partially attributable to California reforms related to decreases in medical costs. This was partially offset by unfavorable development related to an adverse arbitration ruling on reinsurance recoverables from older accident years as well as the recognition of loss estimates associated with favorable premium development.
Unfavorable development for property and other was primarily due to higher than expected severity in accident year 2016.
2016
Favorable development for commercial auto was primarily due to favorable settlements on claims in accident years 20112010 through 2014.2014 and lower than expected severities in accident years 2012 through 2015.
Favorable development for general liability was primarily due to favorablebetter than expected claim settlements in accident years 2012 through 2014 and better than expected severity on umbrella claims in accident years 20132010 through 2013. This was partially offset by unfavorable development related to an increase in reported claims prior to the closing of the three year window set forth by the Minnesota Child Victims Act in accident years 2006 and prior.
Unfavorable development for workers' compensation was primarily due to higher than expected severity for Defense Base Act contractors and the estimated impact of recent Florida court rulings in accident years 2008 through 2015. This was partially offset by favorable development related to lower than expected frequencies related to accident years 2009 through 2014.
Unfavorable development for property and other was primarily due to higher than expected severity from a 2015 catastrophe event. This was offset by favorable development primarily due to better than expected loss frequency in accident years 2013 through 2015.


International
The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the International segment.
Three months ended March 31   
Periods ended September 30Three Months Nine Months
(In millions)2017 20162017 2016 2017 2016
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:          
Medical Professional Liability$
 $
$4
 $(2) $(1) $(3)
Other Professional Liability(1) (1)(8) (1) 1
 16
Liability
 
4
 (2) (1) (21)
Property & Marine1
 (4)(4) (9) (15) (16)
Other(2) 1
5
 (1) 17
 (10)
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development$(2) $(4)$1
 $(15) $1
 $(34)
Three Months
2017
Favorable development in other professional liability was primarily due to better than expected emergence in the Canadian run-off business in accident years 2014 and prior.
2016
Favorable development for other professional liability was primarily due to favorable settlements on claims in accident years 2013 and prior. This was largely offset by higher than expected unfavorable large loss emergence in accident years 2014 and 2015.
Favorable development for property and marine was primarily due to favorable emergence of expected losses on a specific claim relating to the December 2015 United Kingdom (UK) floods.

Nine Months
2017
Favorable development for other professional liability was primarily due to better than expected emergence in the Canadian run-off business in accident years 2014 and prior, as well as several favorable settlements relating to large claims in the Europe Professional Indemnity portfolio. This was partially offset by higher than expected severity in accident year 2015 arising from the management liability business.
Favorable development for property and marine was due to better than expected frequency in accident years 2014 through 2016.
Unfavorable development for other coverages was primarily due to adverse large claims experience in the Hardy Political Risks portfolio, relating largely to accident year 2016.
2016
Unfavorable development for other professional liability was primarily due to higher than expected large loss emergence in accident years 2011 through 2015, partially offset by favorable settlements on claims in accident years 2013 and prior.
Favorable development for liability was primarily due to better than expected severity in accident years 2013 and prior.
Favorable development for property and marine was primarily due to favorable emergence of expected losses on a specific claim relating to the December 2015 UK floods.
Favorable development for other coverages was primarily due to better than expected severity in auto liability in accident years 2011 through 2015.


Asbestos and Environmental Pollution (A&EP) Reserves
In 2010, Continental Casualty Company (CCC) together with several of the Company’s insurance subsidiaries completed a transaction with National Indemnity Company (NICO), a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., under which substantially all of the Company’s legacy A&EP liabilities were ceded to NICO through a Loss Portfolio Transfer (LPT). At the effective date of the transaction, the Company ceded approximately $1.6 billion of net A&EP claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves to NICO under a retroactive reinsurance agreement with an aggregate limit of $4 billion. The $1.6 billion of claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves ceded to NICO was net of $1.2 billion of ceded claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves under existing third-party reinsurance contracts. The NICO LPT aggregate reinsurance limit also covers credit risk on the existing third-party reinsurance related to these liabilities. The Company paid NICO a reinsurance premium of $2 billion and transferred to NICO billed third-party reinsurance receivables related to A&EP claims with a net book value of $215 million, resulting in total consideration of $2.2 billion.
Subsequent to the effective date of the LPT, the Company recognized adverse prior year development on its A&EP reserves which resulted in additional amounts ceded under the LPT. As a result, the cumulative amounts ceded under the LPT exceeded the $2.2 billion consideration paid, resulting in the NICO LPT moving into a gain position, requiring retroactive reinsurance accounting. Under retroactive reinsurance accounting, this gain is deferred and only recognized in earnings in proportion to actual paid recoveries under the LPT. Over the life of the contract, there is no economic impact as long as any additional losses incurred are within the limit of the LPT. In a period in which the Company recognizes a change in the estimate of A&EP reserves that increases the amounts ceded under the LPT, the proportion of actual paid recoveries to total ceded losses is impacted and the change in the deferred gain is recognized in earnings as if the revised estimate of ceded losses was available at the effective date of the LPT. The effect of the deferred retroactive reinsurance benefit is recorded in Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.
The following table presents the impact of the Loss Portfolio Transfer on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Three months ended March 31   
Periods ended September 30Three Months Nine Months
(In millions)2017 20162017 2016 2017 2016
Net A&EP adverse development before consideration of LPT$60
 $200
$
 $
 $60
 $200
Retroactive reinsurance benefit recognized(40) (73)(17) (12) (60) (94)
Pretax impact of A&EP reserve development and the LPT$20
 $127
$(17) $(12) $
 $106
Based upon the Company's annual A&EP reserve review, net unfavorable prior year development of $60 million and $200 million was recognized before consideration of cessions to the LPT for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 and 2016. The 2017 unfavorable development was driven by modestly higher anticipated payouts on claims from known sources of asbestos exposure. The 2016 unfavorable development was driven by an increase in anticipated future expenses associated with determination of coverage, higher anticipated payouts associated with a limited number of historical accounts having significant asbestos exposures and higher than expected severity on pollution claims. While this unfavorable development was ceded to NICO under the LPT, the Company’s Net income in both periods was negatively affected due to the application of retroactive reinsurance accounting.
As of March 31,September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the cumulative amounts ceded under the LPT were $2.9 billion and $2.8 billion. The unrecognized deferred retroactive reinsurance benefit was $354 million and $334 million as of March 31,September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
NICO established a collateral trust account as security for its obligations to the Company. The fair value of the collateral trust account was $2.7$2.9 billion and $2.8 billion as of March 31,September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. In addition, Berkshire Hathaway Inc. guaranteed the payment obligations of NICO up to the aggregate reinsurance limit as well as certain of NICO’s performance obligations under the trust agreement. NICO is responsible for claims handling and billing and collection from third-party reinsurers related to the Company’s A&EP claims.

Note F. Legal Proceedings and Guarantees
CNA 401(k) Plus Plan Litigation
In September 2016, a class action lawsuit was filed against CCC, Continental Assurance Company (CAC) (a former subsidiary of CCC), CNAF, the Investment Committee of the CNA 401(k) Plus Plan (Plan), The Northern Trust Company and John Does 1-10 (collectively Defendants) overrelated to the CNA 401(k) Plus Plan. The complaint alleges that Defendants breached fiduciary duties to the CNA 401(k) Plus Plan and caused prohibited transactions in violation of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 when the CNA 401(k) Plus Plan's Fixed Income Fund’s annuity contract with CAC was canceled. The plaintiff alleges he and a proposed class of the CNA 401(k) Plus Plan participants who had invested in the Fixed Income Fund suffered lower returns in their CNA 401(k) Plus Plan investments as a consequence of these alleged violations and seeks relief on behalf of the putative class. This litigation is in its preliminary stages, and as of yet no class has been certified. CCC and the other defendants are contesting the case, and no class has been certified. The Plan trustees have provided notice to their fiduciary coverage insurance carriers. Progress on the litigation has been limited as the parties are currently in mediation.
Based on information currently available and our assessment of the mediation, management currentlyhas recorded its best estimate of probable loss; however, it is unable to predictreasonably possible that the final outcome orultimate liability may differ from that amount given the inherent uncertainty involved in this matter. After consideration of available insurance coverage, management does not believe that the ultimate resolution of this matter will have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Asfinancial position though the timing of March 31, 2017, the likelihoodrecognition of loss is reasonably possible, but the amount ofany additional loss, if any, cannot be estimated at this stage of the litigation.and insurance recovery, if any, may differ.
Small Business Premium Rate Adjustment
TheIn prior quarters, the Company identified rating errors related to its multi-peril package product and workers' compensation policies within its Small Business unit, inand the fourth quarter of 2016 and recorded a charge which reduced Earned premium by $16 million in anticipation ofCompany determined that it would voluntarily issuingissue premium refunds related toalong with interest on affected policies written from December 1, 2015.  The Company notified state regulators and provided them with details regarding these anticipated voluntary premium refunds and other corrective actions related topolicies. After the multi-peril package product.  At that time, the Company also alerted regulators that it was reviewing other business lines to determine whether similar issues exist.
In the first quarter of 2017, the Company concluded its review and determined that there were also rating errors related to Small Business workers' compensation policies. Accordingly,were identified, written and earned premium have been reported net of any impact from the Company recorded a charge which reduced Earned premium by $42 million in anticipation of voluntarily issuingrate adjustments. There was no premium refunds related to affected policies written from March 1, 2014. The Company is currently in dialogue with state regulators regarding this matter.
The estimated refund liabilitydevelopment impact for the multi-peril productthree months ended September 30, 2017 and workers' compensations policies$37 million of adverse premium development was recognized as a result of March 31, 2017the rating errors for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Pretax operating income was $36reduced by $1 million and $50$7 million respectively. Infor the first quarter ofthree and nine months ended September 30, 2017 the Company also recorded a $5 million liability for interest due to policyholders on the aggregatepremium rate adjustments.
The policyholder refunds for the multi-package product were issued in the current quarter. The estimated refund amounts.liability for the workers' compensation policies as of September 30, 2017 was $61 million including interest. Any fines or penalties related to the foregoing are reasonably possible, but are not expected to be material to the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The amountresults of the refund and corresponding liability will continue to increase until required changes to the automated rating processes are fully implemented. The changes are expected to be implemented by the end of May for the multi-peril product and by the end of September for workers' compensation policies. Accordingly, subsequent to the periods discussed in the preceding paragraphs, written and earned premium for the subject product and policy lines are reported net of any impact from the premium rate adjustments.operations or financial position.
Other Litigation
The Company is a party to other routine litigation incidental to its business, which, based on the facts and circumstances currently known, is not material to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.Company's results of operations or financial position.

Guarantees
As of March 31,September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had recorded liabilities of approximately $5 million related to guarantee and indemnification agreements. Management believes that it is not likely that any future indemnity claims will be significantly greater than the amounts recorded.
In the course of selling business entities and assets to third parties, the Company agreed to guarantee the performance of certain obligations of previously owned subsidiaries and to indemnify purchasers for losses arising out of breaches of representations and warranties with respect to the business entities or assets sold, including, in certain cases, losses arising from undisclosed liabilities or certain named litigation. Such guarantee and indemnification agreements in effect for sales of business entities, assets and third-party loans may include provisions that survive indefinitely. As of March 31,September 30, 2017, the aggregate amount related to quantifiable guarantees was $434$375 million and the aggregate amount related to quantifiable indemnification agreements was $254 million. In certain cases, should the Company be required to make payments under any such guarantee, it would have the right to seek reimbursement from an affiliate of a previously owned subsidiary.
In addition, the Company has agreed to provide indemnification to third-party purchasers for certain losses associated with sold business entities or assets that are not limited by a contractual monetary amount. As of March 31,September 30, 2017, the Company had outstanding unlimited indemnifications in connection with the sales of certain of its business entities or assets that included tax liabilities arising prior to a purchaser's ownership of an entity or asset, defects in title at the time of sale, employee claims arising prior to closing and in some cases losses arising from certain litigation and undisclosed liabilities. Certain provisions of the indemnification agreements survive indefinitely, while others survive until the applicable statutes of limitation expire, or until the agreed-upon contract terms expire.
The Company also provided guarantees, if the primary obligor fails to perform, to holders of structured settlement annuities provided by a previously owned subsidiary. As of March 31,September 30, 2017, the potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to pay under these guarantees was approximately $1.8 billion, which will be paid over the lifetime of the annuitants. The Company does not believe any payment is likely under these guarantees, as the Company is the beneficiary of a trust that must be maintained at a level that approximates the discounted reserves for these annuities.

Note G. Benefit Plans
The components of net periodic cost (benefit) are presented in the following table.
Three months ended March 31   
Periods ended September 30Three Months Nine Months
(In millions)2017 20162017 2016 2017 2016
Pension cost (benefit)          
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation$26
 $28
$25
 $29
 $77
 $85
Expected return on plan assets(39) (40)(38) (41) (116) (121)
Amortization of net actuarial loss9
 9
9
 9
 27
 28
Settlement loss2
 
6
 
 8
 
Net periodic pension cost (benefit)$(2) $(3)$2
 $(3) $(4) $(8)

The Company contributed $26 million to its pension plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and expects to contribute an additional $2 million to its pension plans before December 31, 2017.

Note H. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component
The tables below display the changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component.
(In millions)Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with OTTI losses Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments Pension and postretirement benefits Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment Total
Balance as of January 1, 2017$30
 $642
 $(647) $(198) $(173)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 85
 
 11
 96
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $(2), $(9), $4, $- and $(7)4
 18
 (7) 
 15
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $1, $(38), $(4), $- and $(41)(4) 67
 7
 11
 81
Balance as of March 31, 2017$26
 $709
 $(640) $(187) $(92)
(In millions)Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with OTTI losses Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments Pension and postretirement benefits Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment Total
Balance as of July 1, 2017$26
 $786
 $(635) $(145) $32
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications1
 35
 
 41
 77
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $-, $(4), $5, $- and $1
 12
 (10) 
 2
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $-, $(16), $(5), $- and $(21)1
 23
 10
 41
 75
Balance as of September 30, 2017$27
 $809
 $(625) $(104) $107
(In millions)Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with OTTI losses Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments Pension and postretirement benefits Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment Total
Balance as of January 1, 2016$27
 $390
 $(648) $(84) $(315)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications3
 223
 
 14
 240
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $1, $7, $3, $- and $11(2) (11) (6) 
 (19)
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $(3), $(116), $(3), $- and $(122)5
 234
 6
 14
 259
Balance as of March 31, 2016$32
 $624
 $(642) $(70) $(56)
(In millions)Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with OTTI losses Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments Pension and postretirement benefits Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment Total
Balance as of July 1, 2016$31
 $934
 $(637) $(118) $210
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications7
 69
 
 (24) 52
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $(2), $(13), $3, $- and $(12)4
 27
 (6) 
 25
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $(2), $(19), $(3), $- and $(24)3
 42
 6
 (24) 27
Balance as of September 30, 2016$34
 $976
 $(631) $(142) $237

(In millions)Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with OTTI losses Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments Pension and postretirement benefits Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment Total
Balance as of January 1, 2017$30
 $642
 $(647) $(198) $(173)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 228
 
 94
 322
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $(1), $(28), $12, $- and $(17)3
 61
 (22) 
 42
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $1, $(102), $(12), $- and $(113)(3) 167
 22
 94
 280
Balance as of September 30, 2017$27
 $809
 $(625) $(104) $107
(In millions)Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with OTTI losses Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments Pension and postretirement benefits Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment Total
Balance as of January 1, 2016$27
 $390
 $(648) $(84) $(315)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications9
 615
 
 (58) 566
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $(1), $(12), $9, $- and $(4)2
 29
 (17) 
 14
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $(4), $(292), $(9), $- and $(305)7
 586
 17
 (58) 552
Balance as of September 30, 2016$34
 $976
 $(631) $(142) $237
Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) shown above are reported in Net income (loss) as follows:
Component of AOCI Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Line Item Affected by Reclassifications
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with OTTI losses Net realized investment gains (losses)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments Net realized investment gains (losses)
Pension and postretirement benefits Other operating expenses

Note I. Business Segments
The Company's core property and casualty commercial insurance operations are managed and reported in three business segments: Specialty, Commercial and International. The Company's non-core operations are managed and reported in two segments: Life & Group Non-Core and Corporate & Other Non-Core.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note A to the Consolidated Financial Statements within CNAF's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company manages most of its assets on a legal entity basis, while segment operations are generally conducted across legal entities. As such, only Insurance and Reinsurance receivables, Insurance reserves, Deferred acquisition costs and Goodwill are readily identifiable for all individual segments. Distinct investment portfolios are not maintained for every individual segment; accordingly, allocation of assets to each segment is not performed. Therefore, a significant portion of Net investment income and Realized investment gains or losses are allocated primarily based on each segment's net carried insurance reserves, as adjusted. All significant intersegment income and expense has been eliminated. Income taxes have been allocated on the basis of the taxable income of the segments.
In the following tables, certain financial measures are presented to provide information used by management to monitor the Company's operating performance. Management utilizes these financial measures to monitor the Company's insurance operations and investment portfolio. Net operating income (loss), which is derived from certain income statement amounts, is used by management to monitor performance of the Company's insurance operations. The Company's investment portfolio is monitored by management through analysis of various factors including unrealized gains and losses on securities, portfolio duration and exposure to market and credit risk. Based on such analyses, the Company may recognize an OTTI loss on an investment security in accordance with its policy, or sell a security, which may produce realized gains and losses.
Net operating income (loss) is calculated by excluding from net income (loss) the after-tax effects of i) net realized investment gains (losses) ii) income or loss from discontinued operations and iii) any cumulative effects of changes in accounting guidance. The calculation of net operating income excludes net realized investment gains (losses) because net realized investment gains (losses) are largely discretionary, except for some losses related to OTTI, and are generally driven by economic factors that are not necessarily consistent with key drivers of underwriting performance, and are therefore not considered an indication of trends in insurance operations.










The Company's results of operations and selected balance sheet items by segment are presented in the following tables.
Three months ended March 31, 2017

Specialty
 

Commercial
 International 
Life &
Group
Non-Core
 
Corporate
& Other
Non-Core
    
(In millions)     Eliminations Total
Operating revenues 
  
    
  
  
  
Net earned premiums$664
 $651
 $197
 $133
 $
 $
 $1,645
Net investment income153
 178
 12
 197
 5
 
 545
Other revenues94
 9
 
 1
 
 
 104
Total operating revenues911
 838
 209
 331
 5
 
 2,294
Claims, Benefits and Expenses 
  
    
  
  
  
Net incurred claims and benefits386
 437
 115
 330
 21
 
 1,289
Policyholders’ dividends1
 3
 
 
 
 
 4
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs143
 116
 46
 
 
 
 305
Other insurance related expenses69
 126
 27
 32
 
 
 254
Other expenses81
 14
 (6) 2
 44
 
 135
Total claims, benefits and expenses680
 696
 182
 364
 65
 
 1,987
Operating income (loss) before income tax231
 142
 27
 (33) (60) 
 307
Income tax (expense) benefit on operating income (loss)(77) (48) (7) 37
 23
 
 (72)
Net operating income (loss) 154
 94
 20
 4
 (37) 
 235
Net realized investment gains (losses)7
 11
 6
 10
 2
 
 36
Income tax (expense) benefit on net realized investment gains (losses)(3) (3) (1) (4) 
 
 (11)
Net realized investment gains (losses), after tax4
 8
 5
 6
 2
 
 25
Net income (loss)$158
 $102
 $25
 $10
 $(35) $
 $260
March 31, 2017             
(In millions)             
Reinsurance receivables$817
 $616
 $133
 $448
 $2,419
 $
 $4,433
Insurance receivables874
 1,048
 254
 12
 3
 
 2,191
Deferred acquisition costs314
 225
 87
 
 
 
 626
Goodwill117
 
 29
 
 
 
 146
Insurance reserves             
Claim and claim adjustment expenses6,224
 8,760
 1,343
 3,373
 2,560
 
 22,260
Unearned premiums1,941
 1,375
 450
 147
 
 (1) 3,912
Future policy benefits
 
 
 10,491
 
 
 10,491
Three months ended September 30, 2017

Specialty
 

Commercial
 International 
Life &
Group
Non-Core
 
Corporate
& Other
Non-Core
    
(In millions)     Eliminations Total
Operating revenues 
  
    
  
  
  
Net earned premiums$703
 $741
 $226
 $136
 $
 $
 $1,806
Net investment income134
 161
 13
 195
 6
 
 509
Other revenues99
 7
 1
 
 
 
 107
Total operating revenues936
 909
 240
 331
 6
 
 2,422
Claims, Benefits and Expenses 
  
    
  
  
  
Net incurred claims and benefits357
 611
 200
 322
 (15) 
 1,475
Policyholders’ dividends1
 4
 
 
 
 
 5
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs153
 120
 36
 
 
 
 309
Other insurance related expenses68
 133
 48
 32
 
 
 281
Other expenses85
 6
 (4) 2
 52
 
 141
Total claims, benefits and expenses664
 874
 280
 356
 37
 
 2,211
Operating income (loss) before income tax272
 35
 (40) (25) (31) 
 211
Income tax (expense) benefit on operating income (loss)(92) (10) 2
 35
 13
 
 (52)
Net operating income (loss) 180
 25
 (38) 10
 (18) 
 159
Net realized investment gains (losses)4
 6
 4
 3
 (41) 
 (24)
Income tax (expense) benefit on net realized investment gains (losses)(1) (3) (1) (1) 15
 
 9
Net realized investment gains (losses), after tax3
 3
 3
 2
 (26) 
 (15)
Net income (loss)$183
 $28
 $(35) $12
 $(44) $
 $144

Three months ended March 31, 2016

Specialty
 

Commercial
 International 
Life &
Group
Non-Core
 
Corporate
& Other
Non-Core
    
Three months ended September 30, 2016

Specialty
 

Commercial
 International 
Life &
Group
Non-Core
 
Corporate
& Other
Non-Core
    
(In millions)

Specialty
 

Commercial
 International 
Life &
Group
Non-Core
 
Corporate
& Other
Non-Core
 Eliminations Total Eliminations Total
Operating revenues  
  
 
  
    
  
  
  
Net earned premiums$682
 $688
 $198
 $131
 $
 $
 $1,699
$704
 $719
 $210
 $134
 $
 $
 $1,767
Net investment income107
 126
 12
 187
 3
 
 435
140
 175
 13
 192
 4
 
 524
Other revenues87
 6
 1
 
 3
 
 97
93
 7
 
 (4) 
 
 96
Total operating revenues876
 820
 211
 318
 6
 
 2,231
937
 901
 223
 322
 4
 
 2,387
Claims, Benefits and Expenses 
      
  
  
  
 
  
    
  
  
  
Net incurred claims and benefits390
 442
 121
 323
 128
 
 1,404
330
 446
 117
 313
 (11) 
 1,195
Policyholders’ dividends1
 3
 
 
 
 
 4
4
 3
 
 
 
 
 7
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs144
 116
 47
 
 
 
 307
151
 118
 45
 
 
 
 314
Other insurance related expenses75
 141
 28
 33
 
 
 277
77
 151
 33
 37
 (3) 
 295
Other expenses75
 5
 9
 3
 54
 
 146
78
 9
 1
 2
 57
 
 147
Total claims, benefits and expenses685
 707
 205
 359
 182
 
 2,138
640
 727
 196
 352
 43
 
 1,958
Operating income (loss) before income tax191
 113
 6
 (41) (176) 
 93
297
 174
 27
 (30) (39) 
 429
Income tax (expense) benefit on operating income (loss)(64) (39) 
 39
 62
 
 (2)(102) (60) (7) 36
 15
 
 (118)
Net operating income (loss)127
 74
 6
 (2) (114) 
 91
195
 114
 20
 6
 (24) 
 311
Net realized investment gains (losses)(11) (18) 4
 (3) (8) 
 (36)9
 12
 6
 17
 2
 
 46
Income tax (expense) benefit on net realized investment gains (losses)4
 6
 (1) 
 2
 
 11
(3) (3) (1) (6) (1) 
 (14)
Net realized investment gains (losses), after tax(7) (12) 3
 (3) (6) 
 (25)6
 9
 5
 11
 1
 
 32
Net income (loss)$120
 $62
 $9
 $(5) $(120) $
 $66
$201
 $123
 $25
 $17
 $(23) $
 $343


March 31, 2016             
(In millions)             
Reinsurance receivables$765
 $623
 $139
 $496
 $2,707
 $
 $4,730
Insurance receivables884
 1,025
 276
 14
 2
 
 2,201
Deferred acquisition costs309
 225
 88
 
 
 
 622
Goodwill117
 
 33
 
 
 
 150
Insurance reserves             
Claim and claim adjustment expenses6,325
 9,095
 1,395
 3,311
 2,892
 
 23,018
Unearned premiums1,861
 1,347
 464
 136
 
 (1) 3,807
Future policy benefits
 
 
 10,500
 
 
 10,500
Nine months ended September 30, 2017

Specialty
 

Commercial
 International 
Life &
Group
Non-Core
 
Corporate
& Other
Non-Core
    
(In millions)    Eliminations Total
Operating revenues 
  
    
  
  
  
Net earned premiums$2,056
 $2,097
 $629
 $404
 $
 $(1) $5,185
Net investment income407
 482
 38
 587
 15
 
 1,529
Other revenues291
 25
 
 1
 1
 
 318
Total operating revenues2,754
 2,604
 667
 992
 16
 (1) 7,032
Claims, Benefits and Expenses 
      
  
  
  
Net incurred claims and benefits1,141
 1,470
 444
 980
 4
 
 4,039
Policyholders’ dividends3
 11
 
 
 
 
 14
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs445
 354
 127
 
 
 
 926
Other insurance related expenses209
 387
 106
 96
 (1) (1) 796
Other expenses248
 31
 (11) 5
 146
 
 419
Total claims, benefits and expenses2,046
 2,253
 666
 1,081
 149
 (1) 6,194
Operating income (loss) before income tax708
 351
 1
 (89) (133) 
 838
Income tax (expense) benefit on operating income (loss)(238) (117) (9) 108
 51
 
 (205)
Net operating income (loss)470
 234
 (8) 19
 (82) 
 633
Net realized investment gains (losses)25
 36
 17
 20
 (36) 
 62
Income tax (expense) benefit on net realized investment gains (losses)(9) (12) (3) (8) 13
 
 (19)
Net realized investment gains (losses), after tax16
 24
 14
 12
 (23) 
 43
Net income (loss)$486
 $258
 $6
 $31
 $(105) $
 $676

September 30, 2017             
(In millions)             
Reinsurance receivables$819
 $590
 $227
 $453
 $2,280
 $
 $4,369
Insurance receivables984
 1,087
 256
 11
 2
 
 2,340
Deferred acquisition costs318
 230
 95
 
 
 
 643
Goodwill117
 
 30
 
 
 
 147
Insurance reserves             
Claim and claim adjustment expenses6,063
 8,630
 1,640
 3,468
 2,408
 
 22,209
Unearned premiums2,010
 1,426
 490
 134
 
 
 4,060
Future policy benefits
 
 
 11,040
 
 
 11,040

Nine months ended September 30, 2016

Specialty
 

Commercial
 International 
Life &
Group
Non-Core
 
Corporate
& Other
Non-Core
    
(In millions)    Eliminations Total
Operating revenues 
  
    
  
  
  
Net earned premiums$2,088
 $2,103
 $605
 $401
 $
 $(1) $5,196
Net investment income380
 465
 38
 567
 11
 
 1,461
Other revenues269
 21
 1
 (1) 3
 
��293
Total operating revenues2,737
 2,589
 644
 967
 14
 (1) 6,950
Claims, Benefits and Expenses 
      
  
  
  
Net incurred claims and benefits1,097
 1,357
 395
 976
 109
 
 3,934
Policyholders’ dividends6
 9
 
 
 
 
 15
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs443
 351
 132
 
 
 
 926
Other insurance related expenses225
 422
 98
 101
 (3) (1) 842
Other expenses232
 25
 17
 7
 158
 
 439
Total claims, benefits and expenses2,003
 2,164
 642
 1,084
 264
 (1) 6,156
Operating income (loss) before income tax734
 425
 2
 (117) (250) 
 794
Income tax (expense) benefit on operating income (loss)(248) (145) (3) 117
 88
 
 (191)
Net operating income (loss)486
 280
 (1) 
 (162) 
 603
Net realized investment gains (losses)2
 2
 14
 12
 (4) 
 26
Income tax (expense) benefit on net realized investment gains (losses)(1) 
 (3) (9) 2
 
 (11)
Net realized investment gains (losses), after tax1
 2
 11
 3
 (2) 
 15
Net income (loss)$487
 $282
 $10
 $3
 $(164) $
 $618

December 31, 2016             
(In millions)             
Reinsurance receivables$760
 $621
 $131
 $462
 $2,479
 $
 $4,453
Insurance receivables982
 1,021
 233
 17
 2
 
 2,255
Deferred acquisition costs310
 214
 76
 
 
 
 600
Goodwill117
 
 28
 
 
 
 145
Insurance reserves             
Claim and claim adjustment expenses6,149
 8,894
 1,328
 3,358
 2,614
 
 22,343
Unearned premiums1,911
 1,323
 396
 132
 
 
 3,762
Future policy benefits
 
 
 10,326
 
 
 10,326


The following table presents revenue by line of business for each reportable segment. Revenues are comprised of operating revenues and net realized investment gains and losses.
Three months ended March 31   
Periods ended September 30Three Months Nine Months
(In millions)2017 20162017 2016 2017 2016
Specialty          
Management & Professional Liability$661
 $618
$656
 $677
 $1,963
 $1,954
Surety123
 127
144
 139
 404
 399
Warranty & Alternative Risks134
 120
140
 130
 412
 386
Specialty revenues918
 865
940
 946

2,779

2,739
Commercial 
  
 
  
    
Middle Market458
 401
501
 463
 1,421
 1,298
Small Business97
 143
131
 154
 357
 448
Other Commercial Insurance294
 258
283
 296
 862
 845
Commercial revenues849
 802
915
 913

2,640

2,591
International

 



 

    
Canada51
 50
60
 51
 164
 152
CNA Europe73
 78
87
 82
 239
 241
Hardy91
 87
97
 96
 281
 265
International revenues215
 215
244
 229

684

658
Life & Group Non-Core revenues341
 315
334
 339
 1,012
 979
Corporate & Other Non-Core revenues7
 (2)(35) 6
 (20) 10
Eliminations
 

 
 (1) (1)
Total revenues$2,330
 $2,195
$2,398
 $2,433

$7,094

$6,976


Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
OVERVIEW
The following discussion highlights significant factors affecting the Company. References to “we,” “our,” “us” or like terms refer to the business of CNA. Based on 20152016 statutory net written premiums, we are the eighth largest commercial insurance writer and the 14th largest property and casualty insurance organizationinsurer in the United States of America.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q and Item 1A Risk Factors and Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the year ended December 31, 2016.
We utilize the net operating income (loss) financial measure to monitor our operations. Net operating income (loss) is calculated by excluding from net income (loss) the after-tax effects of i) net realized investment gains or losses, ii) income or loss from discontinued operations and iii) any cumulative effects of changes in accounting guidance. The calculation of net operating income excludes net realized investment gains or losses because net realized investment gains or losses are largely discretionary, except for some losses related to OTTI, and are generally driven by economic factors that are not necessarily consistent with key drivers of underwriting performance, and are therefore not considered an indication of trends in insurance operations. Management monitors net operating income (loss) for each business segment to assess segment performance. Presentation of consolidated net operating income (loss) is deemed to be a non-GAAP financial measure. See further discussion regarding how we manage our business in Note I to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1. For reconciliations of non-GAAP measures to the most comparable GAAP measures and other information, please refer herein and/or to CNA's most recent 10-K on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
In evaluating the results of our core Specialty, Commercial and International segments, we utilize the loss ratio, the expense ratio, the dividend ratio and the combined ratio. These ratios are calculated using GAAP financial results. The loss ratio is the percentage of net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses to net earned premiums. The expense ratio is the percentage of insurance underwriting and acquisition expenses, including the amortization of deferred acquisition costs, to net earned premiums. The dividend ratio is the ratio of policyholders' dividends incurred to net earned premiums. The combined ratio is the sum of the loss, expense and dividend ratios. In addition we also utilize renewal premium change, rate, retention and new business in evaluating operating trends. Renewal premium change represents the estimated change in average premium on policies that renew, including rate and exposure changes. Rate represents the average change in price on policies that renew excluding exposure change. Exposure represents the measure of risk used in the pricing of the insurance product. Retention represents the percentage of premium dollars renewed in comparison to the expiring premium dollars from policies available to renew. Rate, renewal premium change and retention presented for the prior year is updated to reflect subsequent activity on policies written in the period. New business represents premiums from policies written with new customers and additional policies written with existing customers.
Changes in estimates of claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves and premium accruals, net of reinsurance, for prior years are defined as net prior year development within this MD&A. These changes can be favorable or unfavorable. Net prior year development does not include the effect of related acquisition expenses. Further information on our reserves is provided in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.


CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the amounts of revenues and expenses reported during the period. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
Our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with GAAP applied on a consistent basis. We continually evaluate the accounting policies and estimates used to prepare the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. In general, our estimates are based on historical experience, evaluation of current trends, information from third-party professionals and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the known facts and circumstances.
The accounting estimates below are considered by us to be critical to an understanding of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as their application places the most significant demands on our judgment:
Insurance Reserves
Reinsurance and Insurance Receivables
Valuation of Investments and Impairment of Securities
Long Term Care Policies
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Obligations
Income Taxes
Due to the inherent uncertainties involved with these types of judgments, actual results could differ significantly from estimates and may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, equity, business and insurer financial strength and corporate debt ratings. See the Critical Accounting Estimates section of our Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included under Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 for further information.


CONSOLIDATED OPERATIONS
The following table includes the consolidated results of our operations. For more detailed components of our business operations and the net operating income financial measure, see the segment discussions within this MD&A. For further discussion of Net investment income and Net realized investment results, see the Investments section of this MD&A.
Three months ended March 31   
Periods ended September 30Three Months Nine Months
(In millions)2017 20162017 2016 2017 2016
Operating Revenues          
Net earned premiums$1,645
 $1,699
$1,806
 $1,767
 $5,185
 $5,196
Net investment income545
 435
509
 524
 1,529
 1,461
Other revenues104
 97
107
 96
 318
 293
Total operating revenues2,294
 2,231
2,422
 2,387
 7,032
 6,950
Claims, Benefits and Expenses          
Net incurred claims and benefits1,289
 1,404
1,475
 1,195
 4,039
 3,934
Policyholders' dividends4
 4
5
 7
 14
 15
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs305
 307
309
 314
 926
 926
Other insurance related expenses254
 277
281
 295
 796
 842
Other expenses135
 146
141
 147
 419
 439
Total claims, benefits and expenses1,987
 2,138
2,211
 1,958
 6,194
 6,156
Operating income before income tax307
 93
211
 429
 838
 794
Income tax expense on operating income(72) (2)(52) (118) (205) (191)
Net operating income235
 91
159
 311
 633
 603
Net realized investment gains (losses)36
 (36)
Income tax (expense) benefit on net realized investment gains (losses)(11) 11
Net realized investment gains (losses), after tax25
 (25)
Net realized investment (losses) gains(24) 46
 62
 26
Income tax benefit (expense) on net realized investment (losses) gains9
 (14) (19) (11)
Net realized investment (losses) gains, after tax(15) 32
 43
 15
Net income$260
 $66
$144
 $343
 $676
 $618
Three Month Comparison
Net operating income increased $144decreased $152 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016. Net operating income increased $61decreased $162 million for our core segments primarily due todriven by significantly higher net investment income and lower underwriting expensescatastrophe losses in the current year period partially offset by unfavorable premium development.improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting results. Net operating loss decreased $83results improved $10 million for our non-core segments primarily due to lower adverse prior year reserve development recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016 under the A&EP Loss Portfolio Transfer. Catastrophe losses were $24segments. The after-tax impact of catastrophes was $191 million, after tax,including $4 million for reinsurance reinstatement premium, for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 andas compared to $11 million for the same period in 2016.
Favorable net prior year development of $32$134 million and $66$137 million was recorded in the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 and 2016 related to our Specialty, Commercial and International segments. Further information on net prior year development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part 1,I, Item 1.

Nine Month Comparison
Net operating income increased $30 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016. Net operating income decreased $69 million for our core segments primarily due to significantly higher net catastrophe losses in the current year period and lower favorable net prior year loss reserve development partially offset by improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting results and higher net investment income. Net operating results improved $99 million for our non-core segments primarily driven by lower adverse prior year reserve development recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016 under the A&EP Loss Portfolio Transfer. The after-tax impact of catastrophes was $239 million, including $4 million from reinsurance reinstatement premium, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to $93 million for the same period in 2016.
Favorable net prior year development of $229 million and $309 million was recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 related to our Specialty, Commercial and International segments. Further information on net prior year development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

SEGMENT RESULTS
The following discusses the results for our reporting segments. Our core property and casualty commercial insurance operations are managed and reported in three business segments: Specialty, Commercial and International. Our non-core operations are managed and reported in two segments: Life & Group Non-Core and Corporate & Other Non-Core.


Specialty
The following table presents the results of operations.
Three months ended March 31   
Periods ended September 30Three Months
Nine Months
(In millions, except ratios, rate and retention)2017 20162017 2016
2017
2016
Net written premiums$679
 $684
$705
 $733
 $2,100
 $2,108
Net earned premiums664
 682
703
 704
 2,056
 2,088
Net investment income153
 107
134
 140
 407
 380
Net operating income154
 127
180
 195
 470
 486
Net realized investment gains (losses), after tax4
 (7)
Net realized investment gains, after tax3
 6
 16
 1
Net income158
 120
183
 201
 486
 487
          
Other performance metrics:          
Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio58.2% 57.1%50.8 % 46.8% 55.5% 52.6%
Expense ratio31.9
 32.1
31.3
 32.5
 31.8
 32.0
Dividend ratio0.1
 0.2
0.2
 0.6
 0.1
 0.3
Combined ratio90.2% 89.4%82.3 % 79.9% 87.4% 84.9%
          
Rate1% 1%(1)% 0% 0% 1%
Renewal premium change0
 2
 2
 2
Retention88% 88%89
 88
 89
 88
New Business$57
 $65
New business$64
 $66
 $187
 $192
Three Month Comparison
Net written premiums for Specialty decreased $5$28 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016 largely driven by the timing of certain renewals. Renewal premium change was flat. Retention remained strong at 89% and new business was at relatively consistent levels. The decrease in net earned premiums was consistent with the trend in net written premiums.
Net operating income decreased $15 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016, primarily due to higher net catastrophe losses partially offset by improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting results.
The combined ratio increased 2.4 points for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016. The loss ratio increased 4.0 points driven by higher net catastrophe losses which were $38 million, or 5.4 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to $1 million, or 0.2 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended September 30, 2016. The loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development improved 1.3 points. The expense ratio improved 1.2 points for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016 reflecting both our ongoing efforts to improve productivity and the actions undertaken in last year's third and fourth quarters to reduce expenses.
Favorable net prior year development of $112 million was recorded in the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. Further information on net prior year development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

Nine Month Comparison
Net written premiums for Specialty decreased $8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016 driven by lower new business. The trenddecrease in net earned premiums was consistent with the trend in net written premiums.
Net operating income increased $27decreased $16 million for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016 primarily due to lower favorable net prior year loss reserve development and higher net catastrophe losses partially offset by higher net investment income.
The combined ratio increased 0.82.5 points for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016. The loss ratio increased 1.12.9 points, driven byprimarily due to lower favorable net prior year development. Catastropheloss reserve development and higher net catastrophe losses. Net catastrophe losses were $4$47 million, or 0.52.3 points of the loss ratio, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to $14 million, or 0.7 points of the loss ratio, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development improved 1.0 point. The expense ratio improved 0.2 points for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016.
Favorable net prior year development of $176 million and $229 million was recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. Further information on net prior year development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.
The following table presents the gross and net carried reserves.
(In millions)September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Gross case reserves$1,808
 $1,871
Gross IBNR reserves4,255
 4,278
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$6,063
 $6,149
Net case reserves$1,645
 $1,681
Net IBNR reserves3,607
 3,723
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$5,252
 $5,404

Commercial
The following table presents the results of operations.
Periods ended September 30Three Months Nine Months
(In millions, except ratios, rate and retention)2017 2016 2017 2016
Net written premiums$687
 $684
 $2,169
 $2,172
Net earned premiums741
 719
 2,097
 2,103
Net investment income161
 175
 482
 465
Net operating income25
 114
 234
 280
Net realized investment gains, after tax
3
 9
 24
 2
Net income28
 123
 258
 282
        
Other performance metrics:       
Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio82.4% 62.2 % 70.1% 64.6 %
Expense ratio34.3
 37.1
 35.3
 36.7
Dividend ratio0.5
 0.5
 0.5
 0.4
Combined ratio117.2% 99.8 % 105.9% 101.7 %
        
Rate0% (3)% 0% (2)%
Renewal premium change2
 5
 1
 4
Retention85
 84
 86
 84
New business$137
 $135
 $429
 $418
Three Month Comparison
Net written premiums for Commercial increased $3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016. The increase was driven by higher new business within Middle Markets, as well as strong retention and positive renewal premium change. The increase in net earned premiums was consistent with the trend in net written premiums.
Net operating income decreased $89 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016 driven by higher net catastrophe losses.
The combined ratio increased 17.4 points for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016. The loss ratio increased 20.2 points driven by higher net catastrophe losses partially offset by improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting results. Net catastrophe losses were $173 million, or 23.9 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, as compared to $4$12 million, or 0.61.6 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2016. Catastrophe-related reinsurance reinstatement premium was $1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development improved 1.2 points. The expense ratio improved 0.22.8 points for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016.2016 reflecting both our ongoing efforts to improve productivity and the actions undertaken in last year's third and fourth quarters to reduce expenses.
Favorable net prior year development of $36$18 million and $45$8 million was recorded in the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 and 2016. Further information on net prior year development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.
The following table presents the gross and net carried reserves.
(In millions)March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016
Gross case reserves$1,842
 $1,871
Gross IBNR reserves4,382
 4,278
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$6,224
 $6,149
Net case reserves$1,681
 $1,681
Net IBNR reserves3,731
 3,723
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$5,412
 $5,404

Commercial
The following table presents the results of operations.
Three months ended March 31   
(In millions, except ratios, rate and retention)2017 2016
Net written premiums$715
 $748
Net earned premiums651
 688
Net investment income178
 126
Net operating income94
 74
Net realized investment gains (losses), after tax8
 (12)
Net income102
 62
    
Other performance metrics:   
Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio67.0% 64.2 %
Expense ratio37.4
 37.3
Dividend ratio0.5
 0.4
Combined ratio104.9% 101.9 %
    
Rate0% 0 %
Retention83% 84 %
New Business$139
 $137
Nine Month Comparison
Net written premiums for Commercial decreased $33$3 million for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016 due to unfavorable premium development driven by a premium rate adjustment within Small Business that is more fully discussed in Note F to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements under Part 1,I, Item 1. This was partially offset by higher new business within Middle Markets.Markets, strong retention and positive renewal premium change. The decrease in net earned premiums was consistent with the trend in net written premiums.
Net operating income increased $20decreased $46 million for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016 due to higher net investment income, lower underwriting expenses and higher favorable net prior year loss reserve development,catastrophe losses partially offset by unfavorable premium development driven by the Small Business premium rate adjustment.improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting results.
The combined ratio increased 3.04.2 points for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016, due2016. The loss ratio increased 5.5 points driven by higher net catastrophe losses which were $235 million, or 11.1 points of the loss ratio, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $95 million, or 4.6 points of the unfavorableloss ratio, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Catastrophe-related reinsurance reinstatement premium development.was $1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development improved 0.9 points. Excluding the impact of the Small Business premium rate adjustment, on the ratios for both periods, the combined ratio decreased 3.6 points, driven by a 1.4 point decrease in the loss ratio primarily due to higher favorable net prior year loss reserve development and a 2.3 point decrease in the expense ratio primarily dueimproved 2.6 points reflecting both our ongoing efforts to lower employee costs.
Catastrophe losses were $27 million, or 4.0 points ofimprove productivity and the loss ratio, for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as comparedactions undertaken in last year's third and fourth quarters to $28 million, or 4.1 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended March 31, 2016.reduce expenses.
Favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $24$65 million and unfavorable premium development of $37$27 million was recorded for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 as compared with favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $14$37 million and favorable premium development of $2$7 million for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2016. Further information on net prior year development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

The following table presents the gross and net carried reserves.
(In millions)March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Gross case reserves$4,613
 $4,661
$4,307
 $4,661
Gross IBNR reserves4,147
 4,233
4,323
 4,233
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$8,760
 $8,894
$8,630
 $8,894
Net case reserves$4,322
 $4,353
$4,029
 $4,353
Net IBNR reserves3,862
 3,952
4,030
 3,952
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$8,184
 $8,305
$8,059
 $8,305

International
The following table presents the results of operations.
Three months ended March 31   
Periods ended September 30Three Months
Nine Months
(In millions, except ratios, rate and retention)2017 20162017
2016
2017
2016
Net written premiums$238
 $236
$207
 $207
 $664
 $637
Net earned premiums197
 198
226
 210
 629
 605
Net investment income12
 12
13
 13
 38
 38
Net operating income20
 6
Net operating (loss) income(38) 20
 (8) (1)
Net realized investment gains, after tax5
 3
3
 5
 14
 11
Net income25
 9
Net (loss) income(35) 25
 6
 10
          
Other performance metrics:          
Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio58.3 % 61.2%88.4% 55.4% 70.6% 65.2%
Expense ratio36.8
 37.8
37.5
 37.8
 37.2
 38.2
Combined ratio95.1 % 99.0%125.9% 93.2% 107.8% 103.4%
          
Rate0 % 0%1% (1)% 0% (1)%
Renewal premium change4
 (1) 1
 (1)
Retention76 % 81%73
 74
 78
 78
New Business$65
 $60
New business$69
 $67
 $207
 $189
Three Month Comparison
Net written premiums for International for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 were consistent with the same period in 2016. ExcludingThe increase in net earned premiums was consistent with the effect of foreign currency exchange rates and premium development,trend in net written premiums increased 1.1% and net earned premiums were flatin recent quarters.
Net operating results decreased $58 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016 driven by higher net catastrophe losses and lower favorable net prior year loss reserve development.
The combined ratio increased 32.7 points for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016. The loss ratio increased 33.0 points driven by higher net catastrophe losses and lower favorable net prior year loss reserve development. Net catastrophe losses were $58 million, or 27.5 points of the loss ratio for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to $3 million, or 1.5 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended September 30, 2016. Catastrophe-related reinsurance reinstatement premium was $5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development was 0.5 points higher than the prior year period. The expense ratio improved 0.3 points for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016.
Net operating income increased $14 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 as compared with 2016, due to the favorable period over period effect of foreign currency exchange gains and losses and improved underwriting results.
The combined ratio improved 3.9 points for the three months ended March 31, 2017 as compared with 2016. The loss ratio improved 2.9 points, primarily due to an improved current accident year loss ratio driven by a lower level of large losses and higher favorable premium development. Catastrophe losses were $3 million, or 1.7 points of the loss ratio, for three months ended March 31, 2017 as compared to $4 million, or 2.1 points of the loss ratio, for three months ended March 31, 2016. The expense ratio improved 1.0 point for three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared with the same period in 2016, primarily due to foreign currency fluctuations.
Favorable net prior year development of $9$4 million and $5$17 million was recorded for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 and 2016. Further information on net prior year development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item I.1.

Nine Month Comparison
Net written premiums for International increased $27 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016 due to higher new business and positive renewal premium change. The increase in net earned premiums was consistent with the trend in net written premiums.
Net operating results decreased $7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016 driven by lower favorable net prior year loss reserve development and higher net catastrophe losses partially offset by favorable period over period foreign currency exchange results.
The combined ratio increased 4.4 points for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016. The loss ratio increased 5.4 points, primarily due to lower favorable net prior year loss reserve development and higher net catastrophe losses. Net catastrophe losses were $60 million, or 10.3 points of the loss ratio, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to $28 million, or 4.7 points of the loss ratio, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Catastrophe-related reinsurance reinstatement premium was $5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development improved 4.5 points. The expense ratio improved 1.0 point for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016, primarily due to higher net earned premiums.
Favorable net prior year development of $15 million and $36 million was recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. Further information on net prior year development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.
The following table presents the gross and net carried reserves.
(In millions)March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Gross case reserves$641
 $632
$716
 $632
Gross IBNR reserves702
 696
924
 696
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$1,343
 $1,328
$1,640
 $1,328
Net case reserves$559
 $548
$617
 $548
Net IBNR reserves666
 653
807
 653
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$1,225
 $1,201
$1,424
 $1,201

Life & Group Non-Core
The following table presents the results of operations.
Three months ended March 31   
(In millions)2017 2016
Net earned premiums$133
 $131
Net investment income197
 187
Net operating income (loss)4
 (2)
Net realized investment gains (losses), after tax6
 (3)
Net income (loss)10
 (5)
Periods ended September 30Three Months
Nine Months
(In millions)2017
2016
2017
2016
Net earned premiums$136
 $134
 $404
 $401
Net investment income195
 192
 587
 567
Net operating income10
 6
 19
 
Net realized investment gains, after tax2
 11
 12
 3
Net income12
 17
 31
 3
Three Month Comparison
Net operating resultsincome improved $6$4 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016. Our long term care business continued to produce results generally in line with our 2015 reset assumptions.
Nine Month Comparison
Net operating income improved $19 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016. The improvement was driven by higher net investment income and favorable morbidity partially offset by unfavorable persistency in the long term care business.

Corporate & Other Non-Core
The following table presents the results of operations.
Three months ended March 31   
Periods ended September 30Three Months Nine Months
(In millions)2017 20162017 2016 2017 2016
Net investment income$5
 $3
$6
 $4
 $15
 $11
Interest expense38
 42
39
 39
 116
 119
Net operating loss(37) (114)(18) (24) (82) (162)
Net realized investment gains (losses), after tax2
 (6)
Net realized investment (losses) gains, after tax(26) 1
 (23) (2)
Net loss(35) (120)(44) (23) (105) (164)
Three Month Comparison
Net operating loss was $37improved $6 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 an improvement of $77 million as compared with the same period in 2016. The after-tax net realized investment loss in the current period included a $27 million loss on the early redemption of the Company's $350 million senior notes.
Nine Month Comparison
Net operating loss improved $80 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared with the same period in 2016,. This improvement was driven by lower adverse prior year reserve development recorded in 2017 for A&EP under the Loss Portfolio Transfer. This is further discussedThe after-tax net realized investment loss in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statementscurrent period included under Part I, Item 1.a $27 million loss on the early redemption of the Company's $350 million senior notes. 
The following table presents the gross and net carried reserves.
(In millions)March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Gross case reserves$1,458
 $1,524
$1,397
 $1,524
Gross IBNR reserves1,102
 1,090
1,011
 1,090
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$2,560
 $2,614
$2,408
 $2,614
Net case reserves$95
 $94
$97
 $94
Net IBNR reserves132
 136
123
 136
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$227
 $230
$220
 $230


INVESTMENTS
Net Investment Income
The significant components of Net investment income are presented in the following table.
Three months ended March 31   
Periods ended September 30Three Months
Nine Months
(In millions)2017 20162017
2016
2017
2016
Fixed maturity securities:          
Taxable$347
 $345
$349
 $354
 $1,047
 $1,048
Tax-Exempt108
 101
106
 103
 320
 304
Total fixed maturity securities455
 446
455

457

1,367
 1,352
Limited partnership investments90
 (14)51
 65
 157
 97
Other, net of investment expense
 3
3
 2
 5
 12
Net investment income$545
 $435
$509

$524

$1,529
 $1,461
Net investment income, after tax$389
 $315
$363
 $371
 $1,096
 $1,048
          
Effective income yield for the fixed maturity securities portfolio, pretax4.8% 4.8%4.7% 4.8% 4.7% 4.8%
Effective income yield for the fixed maturity securities portfolio, after tax3.4% 3.4%3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4%
Net investment income, after tax, for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 decreased $8 million as compared with the same period in 2016. The decrease was driven by limited partnership investments, which returned 2.2% in 2017 as compared with 2.6% in the prior year period. Income from fixed maturity securities, after tax, for the three months ended September 30, 2017 increased $74$2 million as compared with the same period in 2016, primarily due to an increase in the invested asset base.
Net investment income, after tax, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased $48 million as compared with the same period in 2016. The increase was driven by limited partnership investments, which returned 3.8%6.8% in 2017 as compared with (0.6)%3.8% in the prior year period. Income from fixed maturity securities, after tax, for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 increased $7$14 million as compared with the same period in 2016, primarily due to an increase in the invested asset base.


Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses)
The components of Net realized investment results are presented in the following table.
Three months ended March 31   
Periods ended September 30Three Months Nine Months
(In millions)2017 20162017 2016 2017 2016
Fixed maturity securities:          
Corporate and other bonds$29
 $(15)$13
 $18
 $81
 $10
States, municipalities and political subdivisions6
 3
4
 20
 14
 23
Asset-backed(4) (6)(2) 5
 (7) 5
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises1
 1

 3
 3
 5
Foreign government1
 1
 1
 3
Total fixed maturity securities32
 (17)16

47

92

46
Equity securities
 (5)
 (3) 
 (5)
Derivative securities1
 (7)
Derivative financial securities(1) 1
 (3) (12)
Short term investments and other3
 (7)(39) 1
 (27) (3)
Net realized investment gains (losses)36
 (36)
Income tax (expense) benefit on net realized investment gains (losses)(11) 11
Net realized investment gains (losses), after tax$25
 $(25)
Net realized investment (losses) gains(24)
46

62
 26
Income tax benefit (expense) on net realized investment (losses) gains9
 (14) (19) (11)
Net realized investment (losses) gains, after tax$(15)
$32

$43
 $15
Net realized investment results, after tax, improved $50decreased $47 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016 driven by the favorable period over period effect oflower net realized investment gains on sales of securities andpartially offset by lower OTTI losses recognized in earnings. Additionally, the current period Net realized investment losses include a loss of $27 million after tax related to the redemption of our $350 million senior notes due November 2019.
Net realized investment gains, after tax, improved $28 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared with the same period in 2016 driven by lower OTTI losses recognized in earnings. Additionally, the current period Net realized investment gains include a loss of $27 million after tax related to the redemption of our $350 million senior notes due November 2019.
Further information on our realized gains and losses, including our OTTI losses, is set forth in Note C to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

Portfolio Quality
The following table presents the estimated fair value and net unrealized gains (losses) of our fixed maturity securities by rating distribution.
March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016

(In millions)
Estimated Fair Value Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) Estimated Fair Value Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)Estimated Fair Value Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) Estimated Fair Value Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)
U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises$3,995
 $28
 $4,212
 $32
$4,386
 $43
 $4,212
 $32
AAA1,832
 117
 1,881
 110
1,899
 143
 1,881
 110
AA9,016
 761
 8,911
 750
9,136
 911
 8,911
 750
A9,705
 823
 9,866
 832
9,876
 957
 9,866
 832
BBB13,166
 815
 12,802
 664
13,730
 1,051
 12,802
 664
Non-investment grade3,266
 167
 3,233
 156
3,063
 171
 3,233
 156
Total$40,980
 $2,711
 $40,905
 $2,544
$42,090
 $3,276
 $40,905
 $2,544
As of March 31,September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, only 2% of our fixed maturity portfolio was rated internally.
The following table presents available-for-sale fixed maturity securities in a gross unrealized loss position by ratings distribution.
March 31, 2017September 30, 2017
(In millions)Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized LossesEstimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses
U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises$2,154
 $44
$1,531
 $27
AAA284
 8
277
 7
AA591
 18
665
 10
A833
 20
562
 10
BBB1,819
 37
1,015
 21
Non-investment grade737
 15
448
 10
Total$6,418
 $142
$4,498
 $85
The following table presents the maturity profile for these available-for-sale fixed maturity securities. Securities not due to mature on a single date are allocated based on weighted average life.
March 31, 2017September 30, 2017
(In millions)Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized LossesEstimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses
Due in one year or less$90
 $2
$53
 $2
Due after one year through five years816
 10
742
 16
Due after five years through ten years4,083
 82
2,812
 53
Due after ten years1,429
 48
891
 14
Total$6,418
 $142
$4,498
 $85

Duration
A primary objective in the management of the investment portfolio is to optimize return relative to corresponding liabilities and respective liquidity needs. Our views on the current interest rate environment, tax regulations, asset class valuations, specific security issuer and broader industry segment conditions and domestic and global economic conditions, are some of the factors that enter into an investment decision. We also continually monitor exposure to issuers of securities held and broader industry sector exposures and may from time to time adjust such exposures based on our views of a specific issuer or industry sector.
A further consideration in the management of the investment portfolio is the characteristics of the corresponding liabilities and the ability to align the duration of the portfolio to those liabilities and to meet future liquidity needs, minimize interest rate risk and maintain a level of income sufficient to support the underlying insurance liabilities. For portfolios where future liability cash flows are determinable and typically long term in nature, we segregate investments for asset/liability management purposes. The segregated investments support the long term care and structured settlement liabilities in the Life & Group Non-Core segment.
The effective durations of fixed maturity securities and short term investments are presented in the following table. Amounts presented are net of payable and receivable amounts for securities purchased and sold, but not yet settled.
March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
(In millions)Estimated Fair Value 
Effective
Duration
(In years)
 Estimated Fair Value 
Effective
Duration
(In years)
Estimated Fair Value 
Effective
Duration
(In years)
 Estimated Fair Value 
Effective
Duration
(In years)
Investments supporting Life & Group Non-Core$15,957
 8.8
 $15,724
 8.7
$16,580
 8.6
 $15,724
 8.7
Other interest sensitive investments26,218
 4.6
 26,669
 4.6
26,849
 4.4
 26,669
 4.6
Total$42,175
 6.2
 $42,393
 6.1
$43,429
 6.0
 $42,393
 6.1
The investment portfolio is periodically analyzed for changes in duration and related price risk. Additionally, we periodically review the sensitivity of the portfolio to the level of foreign exchange rates and other factors that contribute to market price changes. A summary of these risks and specific analysis on changes is included in the Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk included under Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Short Term Investments
The carrying value of the components of the Short term investments are presented in the following table.
      
(In millions)March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Short term investments:      
Commercial paper$769
 $733
$658
 $733
U.S. Treasury securities175
 433
436
 433
Money market funds52
 44
44
 44
Other143
 197
315
 197
Total short term investments$1,139
 $1,407
$1,453
 $1,407

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash Flows
Our primary operating cash flow sources are premiums and investment income from our insurance subsidiaries. Our primary operating cash flow uses are payments for claims, policy benefits and operating expenses, including interest expense on corporate debt. Additionally, cash may be paid or received for income taxes.
For the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, net cash provided by operating activities was $282$894 million as compared with $334$1,120 million for the same period in 2016. Cash provided by operating activities reflected higher net claim payments and a lower level of distributions on limited partnerships and higher net claim and expense payments partially offset by the timing of income tax paymentsan increase in premiums collected and lower salaries and related expenses.expenses paid.
Cash flows from investing activities include the purchase and disposition of available-for-sale financial instruments and may include the purchase and sale of businesses, land, buildings, equipment and other assets not generally held for resale.
Net cash providedused by investing activities was $354$218 million for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 as compared with net cash used of $9$604 million for the same period in 2016. The cash flow from investing activities is affected by various factors such as the anticipated payment of claims, financing activity, asset/liability management and individual security buy and sell decisions made in the normal course of portfolio management. In the first quarter of 2016, we sold the principal executive offices of CNAF for $107 million.
Cash flows from financing activities may include proceeds from the issuance of debt and equity securities, outflows for stockholder dividends or repayment of debt and outlays to reacquire equity securities.
For the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, net cash used by financing activities was $609$673 million as compared with $469$605 million for the same period in 2016. In the third quarter of 2017, we issued $500 million of 3.45% senior notes due August 15, 2027 and redeemed the $350 million outstanding aggregate principal balances of our 7.35% senior notes due November 15, 2019. In the first quarter of 2016, we issued $500 million of 4.50% senior notes due March 1, 2026 and redeemed the $350 million outstanding aggregate principal balance of our 6.50% senior notes due August 15, 2016.
Common Stock Dividends
A quarterly dividendDividends of $0.25$2.80 per share andon our common stock, including a special dividend of $2.00 per share, on our common stock were declared and paid induring the first quarter ofnine months ended September 30, 2017. On April 28,October 27, 2017, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.25$0.30 per share on our common stock, payable May 31,November 29, 2017 to stockholders of record on May 15,November 13, 2017. The declaration and payment of future dividends to holders of our common stock will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on many factors, including our earnings, financial condition, business needs and regulatory constraints.

Liquidity
We believe that our present cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities are sufficient to fund our current and expected working capital and debt obligation needs and we do not expect this to change in the near term. There are currently no amounts outstanding under our $250 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility and no borrowings outstanding through our membership in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago (FHLBC).
Dividends from CCC are subject to the insurance holding company laws of the State of Illinois, the domiciliary state of CCC. Under these laws, ordinary dividends, or dividends that do not require prior approval by the Illinois Department of Insurance (the Department), are determined based on the greater of the prior year's statutory net income or 10% of statutory surplus as of the end of the prior year, as well as timing and amount of dividends paid in the preceding twelve months. Additionally, ordinary dividends may only be paid from earned surplus, which is calculated by removing unrealized gains from unassigned surplus. As of March 31,September 30, 2017 CCC was in a positive earned surplus position. The maximum allowable dividend CCC could pay during 2017 that would not be subject to the Department's prior approval is $1,075 million, less dividends paid during the preceding twelve months measured at that point in time. CCC paid dividends of $200$100 million during the three months ended December 31, 2016 and $855 million during the nine months ended December 31, 2016 and $675 million during the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017. As of March 31,September 30, 2017 CCC is able to pay approximately $200$120 million of dividends that would not be subject to prior approval of the Department. The actual level of dividends paid in any year is determined after an assessment of available dividend capacity, holding company liquidity and cash needs as well as the impact the dividends will have on the statutory surplus of the applicable insurance company.
We have an effective automatic shelf registration statement under which we may publicly issue debt, equity or hybrid securities from time to time.


ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATE
For discussion of Accounting Standards Updates adopted in the current periodas of January 1, 2017 and that will be adopted in the future, see Note A to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains a number of forward-looking statements which relate to anticipated future events rather than actual present conditions or historical events. These statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and generally include words such as “believes,” “expects,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “estimates,”“estimates” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements in this report include any and all statements regarding expected developments in our insurance business, including losses and loss reserves for A&EP and other mass tort claims which are more uncertain, and therefore more difficult to estimate than loss reserves respecting traditional property and casualty exposures; the impact of routine ongoing insurance reserve reviews we are conducting; our expectations concerning our revenues, earnings, expenses and investment activities; volatility in investment returns; expected cost savings and other results from our expense reduction activities; and our proposed actions in response to trends in our business. Forward-looking statements, by their nature, are subject to a variety of inherent risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results projected in the forward-looking statement. We cannot control many of these risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following:
Company-Specific Factors
the risks and uncertainties associated with our insurance reserves, as outlined in the Critical Accounting Estimates and the Reserves - Estimates and Uncertainties sections of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the sufficiency of the reserves and the possibility for future increases, which would be reflected in the results of operations in the period that the need for such adjustment is determined;
the risk that the other parties to the transaction in which, subject to certain limitations, we ceded our legacy A&EP liabilities will not fully perform their obligations to CNA, the uncertainty in estimating loss reserves for A&EP liabilities and the possible continued exposure of CNA to liabilities for A&EP claims that are not covered under the terms of the transaction;
the performance of reinsurance companies under reinsurance contracts with us; and
the risks and uncertainties associated with potential acquisitions and divestitures, including the consummation of such transactions, the successful integration of acquired operations and the potential for subsequent impairment of goodwill or intangible assets.
Industry and General Market Factors
the impact of competitive products, policies and pricing and the competitive environment in which we operate, including changes in our book of business;
product and policy availability and demand and market responses, including the level of ability to obtain rate increases and decline or non-renew underpriced accounts, to achieve premium targets and profitability and to realize growth and retention estimates;
general economic and business conditions, including recessionary conditions that may decrease the size and number of our insurance customers and create additional losses to our lines of business, especially those that provide management and professional liability insurance, as well as surety bonds, to businesses engaged in real estate, financial services and professional services and inflationary pressures on medical care costs, construction costs and other economic sectors that increase the severity of claims;
conditions in the capital and credit markets, including continuing uncertainty and instability in these markets, as well as the overall economy, and their impact on the returns, types, liquidity and valuation of our investments;
conditions in the capital and credit markets that may limit our ability to raise significant amounts of capital on favorable terms; and
the possibility of changes in our ratings by ratings agencies, including the inability to access certain markets or distribution channels and the required collateralization of future payment obligations as a result of such changes, and changes in rating agency policies and practices.

Regulatory Factors
regulatory initiatives and compliance with governmental regulations, judicial interpretations within the regulatory framework, including interpretation of policy provisions, decisions regarding coverage and theories of liability, legislative actions that increase claimant activity, trends in litigation and the outcome of any litigation involving us and rulings and changes in tax laws and regulations;
regulatory limitations, impositions and restrictions upon us, including with respect to our ability to increase premium rates, and the effects of assessments and other surcharges for guaranty funds and second-injury funds, other mandatory pooling arrangements and future assessments levied on insurance companies; and
regulatory limitations and restrictions, including limitations upon our ability to receive dividends from our insurance subsidiaries, imposed by regulatory authorities, including regulatory capital adequacy standards.
Impact of Catastrophic Events and Related Developments
weather and other natural physical events, including the severity and frequency of storms, hail, snowfall and other winter conditions, natural disasters such as hurricanes and earthquakes, as well as climate change, including effects on global weather patterns, greenhouse gases, sea, land and air temperatures, sea levels, rain, hail and snow;
regulatory requirements imposed by coastal state regulators in the wake of hurricanes or other natural disasters, including limitations on the ability to exit markets or to non-renew, cancel or change terms and conditions in policies, as well as mandatory assessments to fund any shortfalls arising from the inability of quasi-governmental insurers to pay claims;
man-made disasters, including the possible occurrence of terrorist attacks, the unpredictability of the nature, targets, severity or frequency of such events, and the effect of the absence or insufficiency of applicable terrorism legislation on coverages; and
the occurrence of epidemics.
Referendum on the United Kingdom's Membership in the European Union
in 2016, the United Kingdom (U.K.) held a referendum in which voters approved an exit from the European Union (E.U.), commonly referred to as "Brexit"."Brexit." As a result of the referendum, in 2017 the British government formally commenced the process to leave the E.U. and began negotiating the terms of treaties that will govern the U.K.'s future relationship with the E.U. Although the terms of any future treaties are unknown, we believe changes in our international operating platform maywill be required to allow us to continue to write business in the E.U. after the completion of Brexit.Brexit, therefore we have begun the process of establishing a new European subsidiary in Luxembourg. As a result of these changes, the complexity and cost of regulatory compliance of our European business is likely to increase.
Our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and we do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date of the statement, even if our expectations or any related events or circumstances change.


Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There were no material changes in our market risk components for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017. See the Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk included in Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 for further information. Additional information related to portfolio duration is discussed in the Investments section of our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Part I, Item 2.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits to the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), including this report, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported on a timely basis. These disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management on a timely basis to allow decisions regarding required disclosure.
As of March 31,September 30, 2017, the Company's management, including the Company's Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)). Based on this evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of March 31,September 30, 2017.
There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15 (f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended March 31,September 30, 2017 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.


PART II. Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Information on our legal proceedings is set forth in Note F to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.
Item 6. Exhibits
See Exhibit Index.


SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
  CNA Financial Corporation
   
Dated: May 1,October 30, 2017By/s/ D. Craig Mense
  
D. Craig Mense
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer



EXHIBIT INDEX

Description of ExhibitExhibit Number
  
Form of Award Letter to Executive Officers, along with Form of Award Terms, under the Long-Term Incentive Cash Plan10.1
31.1
  
31.2
  
32.1
  
32.2
  
XBRL Instance Document101.INS
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema101.SCH
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase101.CAL
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase101.DEF
  
XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase101.LAB
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase101.PRE


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