UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


			☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023


			☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____

Commission File Number 1-5823

CNA FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware						36-6169860
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)


151 N. Franklin		60606
Chicago,	Illinois	(Zip Code)
(Address of principal executive offices)

(312) 822-5000

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, Par value $2.50

"CNA"

New York Stock Exchange

Chicago Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of ~~October~~April 27, ~~2022, 270,893,378~~2023, 270,854,297 shares of common stock were outstanding.


Item Number	Item Number		Page Number	Item Number		Page Number
		PART I			PART I
1.	1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements:	3	1.	C onden sed Consolidated Financial Statements:	3
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited)	3		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)	3
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited)	4		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)	4
		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2022 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2021	5		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (Unaudited)	5
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited)	6		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)	6
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited)	7		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)	7
		Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	8		Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	8
2.	2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	45	2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	40
3.	3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	68	3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	64
4.	4.	Controls and Procedures	68	4.	Controls and Procedures	64
		PART II			PART II
1.		Legal Proceedings	69
2.		Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	69
6.		Exhibits	70
1				1	Legal Proceedings	65
2				2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	65
6				6	E xhibits	65

Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

CNA Financial Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)


Periods ended September 30		Three Months				Nine Months
Three months ended March 31										Three months ended March 31
(In millions, except per share data)	(In millions, except per share data)	2022		2021		2022		2021		(In millions, except per share data)	2023		2022 (1)
Revenues	Revenues									Revenues
Net earned premiums	Net earned premiums	$	2,221	$	2,059	$	6,435	$	6,056	Net earned premiums	$	2,248	$	2,059
Net investment income	Net investment income	422		513		1,302		1,608		Net investment income	525		448
Net investment (losses) gains		(96)		22		(166)		117
Net investment losses										Net investment losses	(35)		(11)
Non-insurance warranty revenue	Non-insurance warranty revenue	399		357		1,173		1,054		Non-insurance warranty revenue	407		382
Other revenues	Other revenues	11		8		24		19		Other revenues	7		7
Total revenues	Total revenues	2,957		2,959		8,768		8,854		Total revenues	3,152		2,885
Claims, Benefits and Expenses	Claims, Benefits and Expenses									Claims, Benefits and Expenses
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits		1,665		1,632		4,703		4,684
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits (re-measurement gain (loss) of $1 and $5)										Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits (re-measurement gain (loss) of $1 and $5)	1,653		1,478
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	383		368		1,101		1,084		Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	379		344
Non-insurance warranty expense	Non-insurance warranty expense	371		330		1,092		973		Non-insurance warranty expense	384		354
Other operating expenses	Other operating expenses	346		287		1,001		874		Other operating expenses	337		326
Interest	Interest	28		28		84		85		Interest	28		28
Total claims, benefits and expenses	Total claims, benefits and expenses	2,793		2,645		7,981		7,700		Total claims, benefits and expenses	2,781		2,530
Income before income tax	Income before income tax	164		314		787		1,154		Income before income tax	371		355
Income tax expense	Income tax expense	(36)		(58)		(141)		(218)		Income tax expense	(74)		(60)
Net income	Net income	$	128	$	256	$	646	$	936	Net income	$	297	$	295

Basic earnings per share	Basic earnings per share	$	0.47	$	0.94	$	2.38	$	3.44	Basic earnings per share	$	1.10	$	1.08

Diluted earnings per share	Diluted earnings per share	$	0.47	$	0.94	$	2.37	$	3.43	Diluted earnings per share	$	1.09	$	1.08

Weighted Average Outstanding Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents	Weighted Average Outstanding Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents									Weighted Average Outstanding Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents
Basic	Basic	271.4		271.7		271.7		271.8		Basic	271.3		271.8
Diluted	Diluted	272.3		272.7		272.6		272.8		Diluted	272.3		272.9

(1) As of January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2018-12, Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts (ASU 2018-12) using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts in the financial statements have been adjusted to reflect application of the new guidance. See Note A to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

Table of Contents

CNA Financial Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) ~~Income~~ (Unaudited)


Periods ended September 30		Three Months				Nine Months
Three months ended March 31										Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021		(In millions)	2023		2022 (1)
Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Comprehensive Income (Loss)										Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Net income	Net income	$	128	$	256	$	646	$	936	Net income	$	297	$	295
Other Comprehensive Loss, net of tax
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax										Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax
Changes in:	Changes in:									Changes in:
Net unrealized gains and losses on investments with an allowance for credit losses	Net unrealized gains and losses on investments with an allowance for credit losses	(2)		—		(8)		—		Net unrealized gains and losses on investments with an allowance for credit losses	(8)		(4)
Net unrealized gains and losses on other investments	Net unrealized gains and losses on other investments	(1,327)		(138)		(4,284)		(465)		Net unrealized gains and losses on other investments	670		(2,643)
Net unrealized gains and losses on investments	Net unrealized gains and losses on investments	(1,329)		(138)		(4,292)		(465)		Net unrealized gains and losses on investments	662		(2,647)
Impact of changes in discount rates used to measure long-duration contract liabilities										Impact of changes in discount rates used to measure long-duration contract liabilities	(396)		1,635
Foreign currency translation adjustment	Foreign currency translation adjustment	(103)		(33)		(185)		(19)		Foreign currency translation adjustment	17		(14)
Pension and postretirement benefits	Pension and postretirement benefits	6		8		18		27		Pension and postretirement benefits	7		6
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		(1,426)		(163)		(4,459)		(457)
Total comprehensive (loss) income		$	(1,298)	$	93	$	(3,813)	$	479
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax										Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	290		(1,020)
Total comprehensive income (loss)										Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	587	$	(725)

(1) As of January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2018-12 using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts in the financial statements have been adjusted to reflect application of the new guidance. See Note A to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

Table of Contents

CNA Financial Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)


(In millions, except share data)	(In millions, except share data)	September 30, 2022 (Unaudited)		December 31, 2021		(In millions, except share data)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022 (1)
Assets	Assets					Assets
Investments:	Investments:					Investments:
Fixed maturity securities at fair value (amortized cost of $41,330 and $39,952, less allowance for credit loss of $3 and $18)		$	37,251	$	44,380
Equity securities at fair value (cost of $989 and $964)		891		1,035
Fixed maturity securities at fair value (amortized cost of $41,660 and $41,032, less allowance for credit loss of $2 and $1)						Fixed maturity securities at fair value (amortized cost of $41,660 and $41,032, less allowance for credit loss of $2 and $1)	$	39,107	$	37,627
Equity securities at fair value (cost of $708 and $703)						Equity securities at fair value (cost of $708 and $703)	682		674
Limited partnership investments	Limited partnership investments	1,895		1,859		Limited partnership investments	1,982		1,926
Other invested assets	Other invested assets	73		91		Other invested assets	79		78
Mortgage loans (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $24 and $16)		953		973
Mortgage loans (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $24 and $24)						Mortgage loans (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $24 and $24)	1,006		1,040
Short term investments	Short term investments	1,074		1,990		Short term investments	1,167		1,832
Total investments	Total investments	42,137		50,328		Total investments	44,023		43,177
Cash	Cash	503		536		Cash	483		475
Reinsurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $21 and $21)		5,700		5,463
Insurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $28 and $29)		2,986		2,945
Reinsurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $22 and $22)						Reinsurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $22 and $22)	5,484		5,416
Insurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $29 and $29)						Insurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $29 and $29)	3,126		3,158
Accrued investment income	Accrued investment income	411		377		Accrued investment income	415		402
Deferred acquisition costs	Deferred acquisition costs	787		737		Deferred acquisition costs	852		806
Deferred income taxes	Deferred income taxes	1,298		142		Deferred income taxes	1,157		1,251
Property and equipment at cost (less accumulated depreciation of $272 and $255)		229		226
Property and equipment at cost (less accumulated depreciation of $289 and $280)						Property and equipment at cost (less accumulated depreciation of $289 and $280)	232		226
Goodwill	Goodwill	142		148		Goodwill	145		144
Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense	Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense	3,653		3,476		Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense	3,671		3,671
Other assets (includes $25 and $— due from Loews Corporation)		2,369		2,261
Other assets (includes $— and $18 due from Loews Corporation)						Other assets (includes $— and $18 due from Loews Corporation)	2,467		2,274
Total assets	Total assets	$	60,215	$	66,639	Total assets	$	62,055	$	61,000
Liabilities	Liabilities					Liabilities
Insurance reserves:	Insurance reserves:					Insurance reserves:
Claim and claim adjustment expenses	Claim and claim adjustment expenses	$	24,700	$	24,174	Claim and claim adjustment expenses	$	22,409	$	22,120
Unearned premiums	Unearned premiums	6,195		5,761		Unearned premiums	6,581		6,374
Future policy benefits	Future policy benefits	10,454		13,236		Future policy benefits	13,976		13,480
Short term debt						Short term debt	243		243
Long term debt	Long term debt	2,780		2,779		Long term debt	2,539		2,538
Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue	Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue	4,706		4,503		Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue	4,710		4,714
Other liabilities (includes $19 and $56 due to Loews Corporation)		3,286		3,377
Other liabilities (includes $32 and $26 due to Loews Corporation)						Other liabilities (includes $32 and $26 due to Loews Corporation)	2,930		2,983
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	52,121		53,830		Total liabilities	53,388		52,452
Commitments and contingencies (Notes C and F)
Commitments and contingencies (Notes B and F)						Commitments and contingencies (Notes B and F)
Stockholders' Equity	Stockholders' Equity					Stockholders' Equity
Common stock ($2.50 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 273,040,243 shares issued; 270,887,022 and 271,363,999 shares outstanding)		683		683
Common stock ($2.50 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 273,040,243 shares issued; 270,852,335 and 270,895,902 shares outstanding)						Common stock ($2.50 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 273,040,243 shares issued; 270,852,335 and 270,895,902 shares outstanding)	683		683
Additional paid-in capital	Additional paid-in capital	2,211		2,215		Additional paid-in capital	2,196		2,220
Retained earnings	Retained earnings	9,433		9,663		Retained earnings	9,191		9,336
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income		(4,139)		320
Treasury stock (2,153,221 and 1,676,244 shares), at cost		(94)		(72)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss						Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,308)		(3,598)
Treasury stock (2,187,908 and 2,144,341 shares), at cost						Treasury stock (2,187,908 and 2,144,341 shares), at cost	(95)		(93)
Total stockholders’ equity	Total stockholders’ equity	8,094		12,809		Total stockholders’ equity	8,667		8,548
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	60,215	$	66,639	Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	62,055	$	61,000

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

Table of Contents

CNA Financial Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)


Nine months ended September 30
Three months ended March 31						Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	(In millions)	2022		2021		(In millions)	2023		2022 (1)
Cash Flows from Operating Activities	Cash Flows from Operating Activities					Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income	Net income	$	646	$	936	Net income	$	297	$	295
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows provided by operating activities:	Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows provided by operating activities:					Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows provided by operating activities:
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense		(18)		46
Deferred income tax expense						Deferred income tax expense	21		12
Trading portfolio activity	Trading portfolio activity	(5)		13		Trading portfolio activity	(13)		—
Net investment losses (gains)		166		(117)
Net investment losses						Net investment losses	35		11
Equity method investees	Equity method investees	235		(106)		Equity method investees	6		152
Net amortization of investments	Net amortization of investments	(89)		(58)		Net amortization of investments	(46)		(26)
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	38		41		Depreciation and amortization	12		13
Changes in:	Changes in:					Changes in:
Receivables, net	Receivables, net	(390)		(1,076)		Receivables, net	(24)		(5)
Accrued investment income	Accrued investment income	(37)		(17)		Accrued investment income	(13)		(22)
Deferred acquisition costs	Deferred acquisition costs	(66)		(15)		Deferred acquisition costs	(45)		(31)
Insurance reserves	Insurance reserves	1,743		1,891		Insurance reserves	432		512
Other, net	Other, net	(233)		(184)		Other, net	(226)		(266)
Net cash flows provided by operating activities	Net cash flows provided by operating activities	1,990		1,354		Net cash flows provided by operating activities	436		645
Cash Flows from Investing Activities	Cash Flows from Investing Activities					Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Dispositions:	Dispositions:					Dispositions:
Fixed maturity securities - sales	Fixed maturity securities - sales	4,885		2,510		Fixed maturity securities - sales	1,414		803
Fixed maturity securities - maturities, calls and redemptions	Fixed maturity securities - maturities, calls and redemptions	2,095		3,360		Fixed maturity securities - maturities, calls and redemptions	317		916
Equity securities	Equity securities	230		237		Equity securities	62		77
Limited partnerships	Limited partnerships	124		178		Limited partnerships	28		80
Mortgage loans	Mortgage loans	101		90		Mortgage loans	39		55
Purchases:	Purchases:					Purchases:
Fixed maturity securities	Fixed maturity securities	(8,768)		(7,127)		Fixed maturity securities	(2,258)		(2,547)
Equity securities	Equity securities	(245)		(242)		Equity securities	(82)		(75)
Limited partnerships	Limited partnerships	(265)		(281)		Limited partnerships	(116)		(85)
Mortgage loans	Mortgage loans	(90)		(63)		Mortgage loans	(12)		(25)
Change in other investments	Change in other investments	9		3		Change in other investments	(2)		(3)
Change in short term investments	Change in short term investments	903		755		Change in short term investments	681		687
Purchases of property and equipment	Purchases of property and equipment	(41)		(16)		Purchases of property and equipment	(20)		(12)
Other, net		(10)		(1)
Net cash flows used by investing activities		(1,072)		(597)

Net cash flows provided (used) by investing activities						Net cash flows provided (used) by investing activities	51		(129)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities	Cash Flows from Financing Activities					Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Dividends paid to common stockholders	Dividends paid to common stockholders	(874)		(518)		Dividends paid to common stockholders	(445)		(657)

Purchase of treasury stock	Purchase of treasury stock	(39)		(18)		Purchase of treasury stock	(24)		(21)
Other, net	Other, net	(11)		(9)		Other, net	(11)		(10)
Net cash flows used by financing activities	Net cash flows used by financing activities	(924)		(545)		Net cash flows used by financing activities	(480)		(688)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash	Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash	(27)		(6)		Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash	1		(3)
Net change in cash	Net change in cash	(33)		206		Net change in cash	8		(175)
Cash, beginning of year	Cash, beginning of year	536		419		Cash, beginning of year	475		536
Cash, end of period	Cash, end of period	$	503	$	625	Cash, end of period	$	483	$	361

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

Table of Contents

CNA Financial Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)


Periods ended September 30		Three Months				Nine Months
Three months ended March 31										Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021		(In millions)	2023		2022 (1)
Common Stock	Common Stock									Common Stock
Balance, beginning of period	Balance, beginning of period	$	683	$	683	$	683	$	683	Balance, beginning of period	$	683	$	683
Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	683		683		683		683		Balance, end of period	683		683
Additional Paid-in Capital	Additional Paid-in Capital									Additional Paid-in Capital
Balance, beginning of period	Balance, beginning of period	2,203		2,201		2,215		2,211		Balance, beginning of period	2,220		2,215
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation	8		7		(4)		(3)		Stock-based compensation	(24)		(20)
Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	2,211		2,208		2,211		2,208		Balance, end of period	2,196		2,195
Retained Earnings	Retained Earnings									Retained Earnings

Balance, beginning of period		9,415		9,348		9,663		9,081
Dividends to common stockholders ($0.40, $0.38, $3.20, $1.89 per share)		(110)		(104)		(876)		(517)
Balance, beginning of period, as previously reported										Balance, beginning of period, as previously reported	9,572		9,663
Cumulative effect adjustments from changes in accounting guidance, net of tax										Cumulative effect adjustments from changes in accounting guidance, net of tax	(236)		(24)
Balance, beginning of period, as adjusted										Balance, beginning of period, as adjusted	9,336		9,639
Dividends to common stockholders ($1.62 and $2.40 per share)										Dividends to common stockholders ($1.62 and $2.40 per share)	(442)		(657)
Net income	Net income	128		256		646		936		Net income	297		295
Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	9,433		9,500		9,433		9,500		Balance, end of period	9,191		9,277
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income	Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income									Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Balance, beginning of period		(2,713)		509		320		803

Other comprehensive loss		(1,426)		(163)		(4,459)		(457)
Balance, beginning of period, as previously reported										Balance, beginning of period, as previously reported	(3,557)		320
Cumulative effect adjustments from changes in accounting guidance, net of tax										Cumulative effect adjustments from changes in accounting guidance, net of tax	(41)		(1,680)
Balance, beginning of period, as adjusted										Balance, beginning of period, as adjusted	(3,598)		(1,360)
Other comprehensive income (loss)										Other comprehensive income (loss)	290		(1,020)
Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	(4,139)		346		(4,139)		346		Balance, end of period	(3,308)		(2,380)
Treasury Stock	Treasury Stock									Treasury Stock
Balance, beginning of period	Balance, beginning of period	(76)		(73)		(72)		(71)		Balance, beginning of period	(93)		(72)
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation	—		—		17		16		Stock-based compensation	22		16
Purchase of treasury stock	Purchase of treasury stock	(18)		—		(39)		(18)		Purchase of treasury stock	(24)		(21)
Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	(94)		(73)		(94)		(73)		Balance, end of period	(95)		(77)
Total stockholders' equity	Total stockholders' equity	$	8,094	$	12,664	$	8,094	$	12,664	Total stockholders' equity	$	8,667	$	9,698

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

Table of Contents

CNA Financial Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note A. General

Basis of Presentation

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of CNA Financial Corporation (CNAF) and its subsidiaries. Collectively, CNAF and its subsidiaries are referred to as CNA or the Company. Loews Corporation (Loews) owned ~~approximately~~ 90% of the outstanding common stock of CNAF as of ~~September 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023.

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). Intercompany amounts have been eliminated. Certain financial information that is normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, including certain financial statement notes, is not required for interim reporting purposes and has been condensed or omitted. These statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in CNAF's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for the year ended December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, including the summary of significant accounting policies in Note A. The preparation of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

The interim financial data as of ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022 ~~and 2021~~ is unaudited. However, in the opinion of management, the interim data includes all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the Company's results for the interim periods. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

~~Accounting Standards Pending Adoption~~

~~In August 2018,~~ The December 31, 2022 Consolidated Balance Sheet included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q was derived from audited financial statements in the ~~FASB issued~~Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC, adjusted for the application of ASU 2018-12, Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts(ASU 2018-12). ~~The updated accounting guidance~~

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards Updates (ASU)

ASU 2018-12: In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2018-12, which requires changes to the measurement and disclosure of long-duration contracts. ~~For the Company, this includes the long term care and fully-ceded single premium immediate annuity business.~~ Entities ~~will be~~are required to review, and update if there is a change, cash flow assumptions (including morbidity and persistency) used to measure the liability for future policyholder benefits (LFPB) at least ~~annually, and to update~~annually. The LFPB must also be updated for actual experience at least annually. The LFPB is reflected as Future policyholder benefits reserves on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The discount rate ~~assumptions~~assumption used to measure the LFPB must be updated quarterly using an upper-medium grade (low credit risk) fixed-income instrument ~~yield.~~yield, commonly interpreted as a single-A rate. The effect of changes in cash flow assumptions ~~will be~~and actual variances from expected experience are recorded in the Company's results of operations within Insurance claims and ~~the~~policyholders’ benefits. The effect of changes in discount rate assumptions ~~will be~~are recorded in Other comprehensive ~~income.~~income (loss). In contrast, under legacy accounting guidance, cash flow and discount rate assumptions were locked-in unless a premium deficiency emerged. The discount rate assumption under legacy accounting guidance was determined using the Company’s internal investment portfolio yield, which was generally higher than a single-A yield.

The new guidance eliminates the need to hold shadow reserves associated with the Company’s long term care reserves. Under legacy accounting guidance, to the extent that unrealized gains on fixed maturity securities supporting long term care reserves would have resulted in a premium deficiency if realized, a related increase to Insurance reserves was recorded, net of tax, as a reduction of net unrealized gains (losses), through Other comprehensive income (loss) (shadow reserves).

The unit of account is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted, and may be applied using either a modified retrospective transition method or a full retrospective transition method. Financial statements for prior periods presented shall be adjusted to reflect the ~~effects of applying~~level at which reserves are measured. Under the new guidance, the unit of account used to measure the LFPB is the cohort. Cohorts are comprised of insurance contracts issued no more than one

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year apart, and must be further disaggregated according to policy benefit and insurance risk characteristics. Under legacy accounting ~~guidance.~~guidance, the LFPB was generally measured at the individual policy level.

Under the new guidance, the Net Premium Ratio (NPR) is capped at 100%. To the extent that NPR would otherwise exceed 100%, the LFPB is increased and a loss is recognized immediately in the Company’s results of operations. The NPR cap is applied at the cohort level each quarter when NPR is updated. In contrast, under legacy accounting guidance, premium deficiency testing was performed annually at the product level. See Note F to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further explanation of the NPR and LFPB calculations.

The Company ~~will adopt~~adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2023, using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. The ~~Company will use a published spot rate curve constructed from A+, A and A- rated U.S. dollar denominated corporate bonds matched to the duration~~Company's run-off long term care business is in scope of the ~~corresponding insurance liabilities,~~new guidance. All prior periods presented in the financial statements have been adjusted to ~~calculate~~reflect application of the new guidance. The Company’s original locked in discount ~~rates. The Company will group its long-duration contracts into calendar year cohorts~~rate, utilized for purposes of calculating the NPR under the new guidance, was based on ~~the contract issue date and product line. Long term care contracts will be grouped separately from the Company’s fully-ceded single premium immediate annuity contracts.~~

~~The most significant impact at the transition date will be the effect of updating~~ the discount rate assumption used to ~~reflect an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yield, which will be partially offset by~~calculate the de-recognition of Shadow Adjustments associated with long-duration contracts. The Company expects the net impact of these changes will be a decrease of approximately $2.3 billion in Accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) as ofLFPB immediately prior to the transition ~~date of January 1, 2021.~~ ~~There is a minimal transition impact expected to retained earnings.~~

~~Table of Contents~~

~~The requirement to review, and update if there is a change, cash flow assumptions at least annually is expected to change the pattern of earnings being recognized.Adoption will also significantly expand the Company’s disclosures, and will impact systems, processes, and controls.~~date. While the requirements of the new guidance represent a material change from ~~existing GAAP,~~legacy accounting, the new guidance ~~will~~does not impact capital and surplus under statutory accounting practices, cash flows or the underlying economics of the business.

In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-05, Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944): Transition for Sold Contracts (ASU 2022-05). This guidance permits companies to make an election to exclude from the scope of ASU 2018-12 any insurance contracts that have been de-recognized prior to the effective date of ASU 2018-12, assuming that the company has no significant continuing involvement with the de-recognized contracts. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company novated its block of legacy annuity business, which was fully-ceded prior to novation. The Company has elected the ASU 2022-05 transition relief, and has excluded the novated legacy annuity business from the scope of ASU 2018-12.

Explanation of ASU 2018-12 Transition Impacts:

The following table presents a roll-forward of the pre-transition LFPB balance as of January 1, 2021:


(In millions)
Balance as of December 31, 2020, as previously reported	$	13,318
Reclassification of reserves for policyholders currently receiving benefits to Future policy benefits (1)	2,844
De-recognition of shadow reserves	(3,293)
Re-measurement using an upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield discount rate	6,255
Other adjustments	8
Balance as of January 1, 2021, as adjusted	$	19,132

(1) In conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2018-12, at January 1, 2023, the Company reclassified the long term care reserves for policyholders currently receiving benefits from Claim and claim adjustment expenses to Future policy benefits. This change was applied retrospectively as of January 1, 2021.

Shadow reserves associated with the Company’s long term care business were de-recognized as of the transition date in Accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI). The effect of re-measuring the LFPB at the single-A discount rate as of the transition date was similarly recorded in AOCI. The Company ~~continues~~did not have any cohorts for which the NPR exceeded 100% at the transition date.

The Company’s practice under legacy accounting guidance was to ~~make progress in connection with these matters~~calculate and ~~is in process~~record premium deficiency reserves at the policy level. Accordingly, an allocation methodology was not required to assign historical premium deficiency reserves to cohorts upon transition to ASU 2018-12.

Table of ~~refining key accounting policy decisions, technology solutions and updates~~Contents

The following table presents after tax adjustments to ~~internal controls associated with~~the opening balance of Stockholders’ equity resulting from adoption of ASU 2018-12:


(In millions)	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Retained earnings
Balance as of December 31, 2020, as previously reported	$	803	$	9,081
De-recognition of shadow reserves	2,601		—
Re-measurement of LFPB using an upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield discount rate	(4,941)		—
Other adjustments	—		(6)
Balance as of January 1, 2021, as adjusted	$	(1,537)	$	9,075

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the ~~new guidance.These in-progress activities include modifications~~Condensed Consolidated Statement of ~~actuarial valuation systems, data sourcing, analytical procedures~~Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were as follows:


(In millions)	Prior to Adoption		Effect of Adoption		As reported
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits (1)	$	1,455	$	23	$	1,478
Income (loss) before income tax	378		(23)		355
Income tax (expense) benefit	(65)		5		(60)
Net income	313		(18)		295
Basic earnings (loss) per share	1.15		(0.07)		1.08
Diluted earnings (loss) per share	1.15		(0.07)		1.08

(1) The effect of adopting ASU 2018-12 on Insurance claims and ~~reporting processes.~~policyholders’ benefits is inclusive of the re-measurement gain (loss) of $5 million, which is presented parenthetically on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022 were as follows:


(In millions)	Prior to Adoption		Effect of Adoption		As reported
Deferred income taxes	$	1,178	$	73	$	1,251
Total assets	60,927		73		61,000
Claim and claim adjustment expenses (1)	25,099		(2,979)		22,120
Future policy benefits (1)	10,151		3,329		13,480
Total liabilities	52,102		350		52,452
Retained earnings	9,572		(236)		9,336
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(3,557)		(41)		(3,598)
Total stockholders' equity	8,825		(277)		8,548

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were as follows:


(In millions)	Prior to Adoption		Effect of Adoption		As reported
Impact of changes in discount rates used to measure long-duration contract liabilities	$	—	$	1,635	$	1,635
Changes in: Net unrealized gains and losses on other investments	(1,611)		(1,032)		(2,643)
Net unrealized gains and losses on investments	(1,615)		(1,032)		(2,647)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(1,623)		603		(1,020)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	(1,310)		585		(725)

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The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were as follows:


(In millions)	Prior to Adoption		Effect of Adoption		As reported
Net income	$	313	$	(18)	$	295
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)	17		(5)		12
Changes in: Insurance reserves	489		23		512

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on segment results of operations of the Life & Group segment for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were as follows:


(In millions)	Prior to Adoption		Effect of Adoption		As reported
Net incurred claims and benefits (1)	$	281	$	23	$	304
Core income (loss) before income tax	16		(23)		(7)
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)	7		5		12
Core income (loss)	23		(18)		5

(1) The effect of adopting ASU 2018-12 on Net incurred claims and benefits is inclusive of the re-measurement gain (loss) of $5 million, which is presented parenthetically on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on segment results for selected balance sheet lines of the Life & Group segment as of December 31, 2022 were as follows:


(In millions)	Prior to Adoption		Effect of Adoption		As reported
Claim and claim adjustment expenses (1)	$	3,674	$	(2,979)	$	695
Future policy benefits (1)	10,151		3,329		13,480

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Note B. Earnings (Loss) Per Share Data

Earnings (loss) per share is based on weighted average number of outstanding common shares. Basic earnings (loss) per share excludes the impact of dilutive securities and is computed by dividing Net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock.

The following table presents the income and share data used in the basic and diluted earnings per share computations.


Periods ended September 30		Three Months				Nine Months
Three months ended March 31										Three months ended March 31
(In millions, except per share data)	(In millions, except per share data)	2022		2021		2022		2021		(In millions, except per share data)	2023		2022
Net income (loss)(1)	Net income (loss)(1)	$	128	$	256	$	646	$	936	Net income (loss)(1)	$	297	$	295

Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents	Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents									Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents
Basic	Basic									Basic
Weighted average shares outstanding	Weighted average shares outstanding	271.4		271.7		271.7		271.8		Weighted average shares outstanding	271.3		271.8
Diluted	Diluted									Diluted
Weighted average shares outstanding	Weighted average shares outstanding	271.4		271.7		271.7		271.8		Weighted average shares outstanding	271.3		271.8
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards under compensation plans	Dilutive effect of stock-based awards under compensation plans	0.9		1.0		0.9		1.0		Dilutive effect of stock-based awards under compensation plans	1.0		1.1
Total	Total	272.3		272.7		272.6		272.8		Total	272.3		272.9

Earnings (loss) per share(1)	Earnings (loss) per share(1)									Earnings (loss) per share(1)
Basic	Basic	$	0.47	$	0.94	$	2.38	$	3.44	Basic	$	1.10	$	1.08
Diluted	Diluted	$	0.47	$	0.94	$	2.37	$	3.43	Diluted	$	1.09	$	1.08

(1) As of January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2018-12 using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts have been adjusted to reflect application of the new guidance.

Excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share is the impact of potential shares attributable to exercises or conversions into common stock under stock-based employee compensation plans that would have been antidilutive during the respective periods.

The Company repurchased ~~890,000~~550,000 and ~~377,615~~445,000 shares of CNAF common stock at an aggregate cost of ~~$39~~$24 million and ~~$18~~$21 million during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and ~~2021.~~2022.

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Note C. Investments

The significant components of Net investment income are presented in the following table.


Periods ended September 30		Three Months				Nine Months
Three months ended March 31										Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021		(In millions)	2023		2022
Fixed maturity securities	Fixed maturity securities	$	454	$	425	$	1,324	$	1,278	Fixed maturity securities	$	470	$	429
Equity securities	Equity securities	2		4		(7)		53		Equity securities	12		2
Limited partnership investments	Limited partnership investments	(35)		85		(11)		274		Limited partnership investments	25		18
Mortgage loans	Mortgage loans	13		13		40		42		Mortgage loans	14		15
Short term investments	Short term investments	4		1		6		1		Short term investments	15		—
Trading portfolio	Trading portfolio	1		1		2		8		Trading portfolio	3		1
Other	Other	1		(1)		1		—		Other	5		—
Gross investment income	Gross investment income	440		528		1,355		1,656		Gross investment income	544		465
Investment expense	Investment expense	(18)		(15)		(53)		(48)		Investment expense	(19)		(17)
Net investment income	Net investment income	$	422	$	513	$	1,302	$	1,608	Net investment income	$	525	$	448
Net investment income (loss) recognized due to the change in fair value of common stock held as of September 30, 2022 and 2021		$	(18)	$	(7)	$	(38)	$	11
Net investment income (loss) recognized due to the change in fair value of common stock held as of March 31, 2023 and 2022										Net investment income (loss) recognized due to the change in fair value of common stock held as of March 31, 2023 and 2022	$	(1)	$	(5)

Net investment gains (losses) are presented in the following table.

Periods ended September 30 Three Months Nine Months
(In millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021
Net investment gains (losses):
Fixed maturity securities:
Gross gains $ 23 $ 50 $ 94 $ 159
Gross losses (134) (28) (222) (68)
Net investment gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities (111) 22 (128) 91
Equity securities (2) (2) (111) 17
Derivatives 24 2 79 7
Mortgage loans (8) — (8) —
Short term investments and other 1 — 2 2
Net investment gains (losses) $ (96) $ 22 $ (166) $ 117
Net investment gains (losses) recognized due to the change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock held as of September 30, 2022 and 2021 $ (2) $ (2) $ (109) $ 15

Net investment gains (losses) for the three months ended September 30, 2022 in the table above include a $35 million net loss related to the expected novation of a coinsurance agreement on the Company’s legacy annuity business, which was transacted on a funds withheld basis and gave rise to an embedded derivative. The net loss of $35 million is comprised of a $59 million loss on the fixed maturity securities supporting the funds withheld liability to recognize unrealized losses which had been included in AOCI since the inception of the coinsurance agreement, partially offset by a $24 million gain on the associated embedded derivative. Taken together, this net loss is the final recognition of changes in the valuation of the funds held assets and offsets previously recognized net investment gains on the associated embedded derivative.


Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2023		2022
Net investment gains (losses):
Fixed maturity securities:
Gross gains	$	35	$	26
Gross losses	(57)		(28)
Net investment gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities	(22)		(2)
Equity securities	(14)		(38)
Derivatives	—		29

Short term investments and other	1		—
Net investment gains (losses)	$	(35)	$	(11)
Net investment gains (losses) recognized due to the change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock held as of March 31, 2023 and 2022	$	(2)	$	(38)

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The components of available-for-sale impairment losses (gains) recognized in earnings by asset type are presented in the following table. The table includes losses (gains) on securities with an intention to sell and changes in the allowance for credit losses on securities since acquisition date.


Periods ended September 30		Three Months				Nine Months
Three months ended March 31										Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021		(In millions)	2023		2022
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:	Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:									Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bonds	Corporate and other bonds	$	24	$	—	$	53	$	5	Corporate and other bonds	$	8	$	8
Asset-backed	Asset-backed	1		11		2		11		Asset-backed	—		2
Impairment losses (gains) recognized in earnings	Impairment losses (gains) recognized in earnings	$	25	$	11	$	55	$	16	Impairment losses (gains) recognized in earnings	$	8	$	10

~~The Company also recognized $8 million of losses on mortgage loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to changes in expected credit losses.~~ There were no losses recognized on mortgage loans during the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2021.~~March 31, 2023 or 2022.

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The following tables present a summary of fixed maturity securities.


September 30, 2022		Cost or Amortized Cost			Gross Unrealized Gains				Gross Unrealized Losses					Allowance for Credit Losses					Estimated Fair Value
March 31, 2023											March 31, 2023		Cost or Amortized Cost									Gross Unrealized Gains					Gross Unrealized Losses				Allowance for Credit Losses				Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)	(In millions)			Cost or Amortized Cost					Gross Unrealized Gains							Gross Unrealized Losses					Allowance for Credit Losses								Estimated Fair Value				(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:	Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:										Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bonds	Corporate and other bonds	$	23,082				$	231			$	2,398					$	—				$	20,915		Corporate and other bonds	$	24,140			$	437			$	1,675			$	1			$	22,901
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	States, municipalities and political subdivisions	9,244			259				1,080					—						8,423			States, municipalities and political subdivisions		8,332					410				741				—				8,001
Asset-backed:	Asset-backed:																					Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	Residential mortgage-backed	3,153			6				470					—					2,689			Residential mortgage-backed		3,066				6				413				—				2,659
Commercial mortgage-backed	Commercial mortgage-backed	1,921			4				237					—					1,688			Commercial mortgage-backed		1,868				5				242				—				1,631
Other asset-backed	Other asset-backed	3,264			2				349					3					2,914			Other asset-backed		3,464				8				306				1				3,165
Total asset-backed	Total asset-backed	8,338			12				1,056					3					7,291			Total asset-backed		8,398				19				961				1				7,455
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises	U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises	107			3				1					—					109			U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises		126				—				2				—				124
Foreign government	Foreign government	544			2				48					—					498			Foreign government		647				1				39				—				609
Redeemable preferred stock	Redeemable preferred stock	3			—				—					—					3			Redeemable preferred stock		3				—				—				—				3
Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	41,318			507				4,583					3					37,239			Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale		41,646				867				3,418				2				39,093
Total fixed maturity securities trading	Total fixed maturity securities trading	12			—				—					—					12			Total fixed maturity securities trading		14				—				—				—				14
Total fixed maturity securities	Total fixed maturity securities	$	41,330		$	507			$	4,583				$	3				$	37,251		Total fixed maturity securities		$	41,660			$	867			$	3,418			$	2			$	39,107

December 31, 2021 Cost or
Amortized
Cost Gross
Unrealized
Gains Gross
Unrealized
Losses Allowance for Credit Losses Estimated
Fair
Value
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bonds $ 21,444 $ 2,755 $ 56 $ 11 $ 24,132
States, municipalities and political subdivisions 10,358 1,599 14 — 11,943
Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed 2,893 71 8 — 2,956
Commercial mortgage-backed 1,987 63 19 — 2,031
Other asset-backed 2,561 54 10 7 2,598
Total asset-backed 7,441 188 37 7 7,585
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises 132 1 3 — 130
Foreign government 570 15 2 — 583
Redeemable preferred stock — — — — —
Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale 39,945 4,558 112 18 44,373
Total fixed maturity securities trading 7 — — — 7
Total fixed maturity securities $ 39,952 $ 4,558 $ 112 $ 18 $ 44,380

The net unrealized gains and losses on investments included in the tables above are recorded as a component of AOCI. When presented in AOCI, these amounts are net of tax and any required Shadow Adjustments. To the extent there are unrealized gains on fixed income securities supporting the reserves of certain products within the Life & Group segment that would result in a premium deficiency, or would impact the reserve balance if realized, a related increase in Insurance reserves is recorded as a reduction of net unrealized gains (losses), net of tax, through Other comprehensive income (loss) (Shadow Adjustments). As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the net unrealized gains and losses on investments included in AOCI were correspondingly reduced by Shadow Adjustments of $46 million and $2,477 million.


December 31, 2022	Cost or Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bonds	$	23,137	$	301	$	2,009	$	—	$	21,429
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	8,918		338		939		—		8,317
Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	3,073		5		447		—		2,631
Commercial mortgage-backed	1,886		4		255		—		1,635
Other asset-backed	3,287		2		361		1		2,927
Total asset-backed	8,246		11		1,063		1		7,193
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises	111		1		2		—		110
Foreign government	617		1		43		—		575
Redeemable preferred stock	3		—		—		—		3
Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	41,032		652		4,056		1		37,627
Total fixed maturity securities trading	—		—		—		—		—
Total fixed maturity securities	$	41,032	$	652	$	4,056	$	1	$	37,627

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The following tables present the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities in a gross unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit loss has not been recorded, by the length of time in which the securities have continuously been in that position.


		Less than 12 Months							12 Months or Longer										Total								Less than 12 Months									12 Months or Longer								Total
September 30, 2022		Estimated Fair Value			Gross Unrealized Losses				Estimated Fair Value					Gross Unrealized Losses					Estimated Fair Value				Gross Unrealized Losses
March 31, 2023											March 31, 2023		Estimated Fair Value								Gross Unrealized Losses							Estimated Fair Value						Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value				Gross Unrealized Losses
(In millions)	(In millions)			Estimated Fair Value							Gross Unrealized Losses							Estimated Fair Value					Gross Unrealized Losses								Estimated Fair Value								Gross Unrealized Losses				(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:	Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:													Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bonds	Corporate and other bonds	$	16,707				$	2,117			$	914				$	281					$			17,621				$	2,398		Corporate and other bonds		$	10,753		$	545			$	6,184			$	1,130		$	16,937	$	1,675
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	States, municipalities and political subdivisions	4,793			1,029				128					51					4,921				1,080			States, municipalities and political subdivisions	1,708						87			2,347				654				4,055			741
Asset-backed:	Asset-backed:																									Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	Residential mortgage-backed	2,582			462				17					8					2,599				470			Residential mortgage-backed	741						28			1,784				385				2,525			413
Commercial mortgage-backed	Commercial mortgage-backed	1,372			194				233					43					1,605				237			Commercial mortgage-backed	474						36			1,072				206				1,546			242
Other asset-backed	Other asset-backed	2,433			307				233					42					2,666				349			Other asset-backed	1,073						86			1,474				220				2,547			306
Total asset-backed	Total asset-backed	6,387			963				483					93					6,870				1,056			Total asset-backed	2,288						150			4,330				811				6,618			961
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises	U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises	61			1				—					—					61				1			U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises	57						1			41				1				98			2
Foreign government	Foreign government	446			42				25					6					471				48			Foreign government	231						7			327				32				558			39
Total	Total	$	28,394		$	4,152			$	1,550				$	431				$	29,944			$	4,583		Total	$	15,037					$	790		$	13,229			$	2,628			$	28,266		$	3,418

Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total
December 31, 2021 Estimated
Fair Value Gross
Unrealized
Losses Estimated
Fair Value Gross
Unrealized
Losses Estimated
Fair Value Gross
Unrealized
Losses
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bonds $ 2,389 $ 48 $ 136 $ 8 $ 2,525 $ 56
States, municipalities and political subdivisions 730 14 — — 730 14
Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed 1,043 8 — — 1,043 8
Commercial mortgage-backed 527 7 167 12 694 19
Other asset-backed 840 10 62 — 902 10
Total asset-backed 2,410 25 229 12 2,639 37
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises 69 3 5 — 74 3
Foreign government 97 2 — — 97 2
Total $ 5,695 $ 92 $ 370 $ 20 $ 6,065 $ 112


	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
December 31, 2022	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bonds	$	15,946	$	1,585	$	1,634	$	424	$	17,580	$	2,009
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	4,079		769		456		170		4,535		939
Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	1,406		144		1,143		303		2,549		447
Commercial mortgage-backed	1,167		159		408		96		1,575		255
Other asset-backed	2,087		262		542		99		2,629		361
Total asset-backed	4,660		565		2,093		498		6,753		1,063
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises	76		1		16		1		92		2
Foreign government	473		26		78		17		551		43
Total	$	25,234	$	2,946	$	4,277	$	1,110	$	29,511	$	4,056

1416

Table of Contents

The following table presents the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities in a gross unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit loss has not been recorded, by ratings distribution.


		September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021					March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
(In millions)	(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises	U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises	$	2,360	$	360	$	898	$	8	U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises	$	2,357	$	302	$	2,355	$	337
AAA	AAA	1,566		318		368		6		AAA	1,424		260		1,559		298
AA	AA	4,430		917		875		17		AA	4,053		670		4,327		817
A	A	6,548		838		1,516		23		A	6,440		619		6,615		749
BBB	BBB	13,394		1,902		1,812		42		BBB	12,651		1,360		13,226		1,621
Non-investment grade	Non-investment grade	1,646		248		596		16		Non-investment grade	1,341		207		1,429		234
Total	Total	$	29,944	$	4,583	$	6,065	$	112	Total	$	28,266	$	3,418	$	29,511	$	4,056

Based on current facts and circumstances, the Company believes the unrealized losses presented in the ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 securities in a gross unrealized loss position tables above are not indicative of the ultimate ~~collectibility~~collectability of the current amortized cost of the securities, but rather are primarily attributable to changes in risk-free interest rates and a general market widening of credit spreads. In reaching this determination, the Company considered the ~~recent~~continued volatility in risk-free rates and credit spreads as well as the fact that its unrealized losses are concentrated in investment grade issuers. Additionally, the Company has no current intent to sell securities with unrealized losses, nor is it more likely than not that it will be required to sell prior to recovery of amortized cost; accordingly, the Company has determined that there are no additional impairment losses to be recorded as of ~~September 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023.

1517

Table of Contents

The following tables present the activity related to the allowance on available-for-sale securities with credit impairments and purchased credit-deteriorated (PCD) assets. Accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities tota~~totaled $401~~led $407 million, ~~$369~~$394 million, and $389 million ~~and $387 million~~ as of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, December 31, ~~2021~~2022, and ~~September 30, 2021~~March 31, 2022 and is excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses and the amortized cost basis in the ~~tables~~table included within this Note.


(In millions)	(In millions)	Corporate and other bonds		Asset-backed		Total		(In millions)	Corporate and other bonds		Asset-backed		Total
Allowance for credit losses:	Allowance for credit losses:							Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of July 1, 2022		$	—	$	5	$	5
Balance as of January 1, 2023								Balance as of January 1, 2023	$	—	$	1	$	1
Additions to the allowance for credit losses:	Additions to the allowance for credit losses:							Additions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded		—		—		—

Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets	Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets	—		—		—		Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets	9		—		9

Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:	Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:							Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities sold during the period (realized)	Securities sold during the period (realized)	—		—		—		Securities sold during the period (realized)	6		—		6
Intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis								Intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis	3		—		3

Write-offs charged against the allowance		—		—		—

Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period	Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period	—		(2)		(2)		Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period	1		—		1
Balance as of September 30, 2022		$	—	$	3	$	3
Balance as of March 31, 2023								Balance as of March 31, 2023	$	1	$	1	$	2


(In millions)	(In millions)	Corporate and other bonds		Asset-backed		Total		(In millions)	Corporate and other bonds		Asset-backed		Total
Allowance for credit losses:	Allowance for credit losses:							Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of July 1, 2021		$	24	$	21	$	45
Balance as of January 1, 2022								Balance as of January 1, 2022	$	11	$	7	$	18
Additions to the allowance for credit losses:	Additions to the allowance for credit losses:							Additions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded		—		—		—

Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets	Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets	2		—		2		Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets	—		—		—

Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:	Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:							Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities sold during the period (realized)	Securities sold during the period (realized)	—		—		—		Securities sold during the period (realized)	—		—		—
Intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis								Intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis	—		—		—

Write-offs charged against the allowance		16		—		16

Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period	Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period	—		—		—		Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period	1		(2)		(1)
Balance as of September 30, 2021		$	10	$	21	$	31
Balance as of March 31, 2022								Balance as of March 31, 2022	$	12	$	5	$	17

~~Table of Contents~~

(In millions) Corporate and other bonds Asset-backed Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of January 1, 2022 $ 11 $ 7 $ 18
Additions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded — — —
Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets — 3 3
Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities sold during the period (realized) — — —
Write-offs charged against the allowance 12 — 12
Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period 1 (7) (6)
Balance as of September 30, 2022 $ — $ 3 $ 3

(In millions) Corporate and other bonds Asset-backed Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of January 1, 2021 $ 23 $ 17 $ 40
Additions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded 14 — 14
Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets 4 4 8
Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities sold during the period (realized) 6 — 6
Write-offs charged against the allowance 16 — 16
Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period (9) — (9)
Balance as of September 30, 2021 $ 10 $ 21 $ 31

1718

Table of Contents

Contractual Maturity

The following table presents available-for-sale fixed maturity securities by contractual maturity.


		September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021					March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
(In millions)	(In millions)	Cost or Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Cost or Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		(In millions)	Cost or Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Cost or Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Due in one year or less	Due in one year or less	$	952	$	948	$	1,603	$	1,624	Due in one year or less	$	1,009	$	989	$	1,012	$	1,001
Due after one year through five years	Due after one year through five years	9,487		9,000		10,637		11,229		Due after one year through five years	10,486		10,035		9,880		9,399
Due after five years through ten years	Due after five years through ten years	14,323		12,765		13,294		14,338		Due after five years through ten years	13,763		12,702		13,788		12,453
Due after ten years	Due after ten years	16,556		14,526		14,411		17,182		Due after ten years	16,388		15,367		16,352		14,774
Total	Total	$	41,318	$	37,239	$	39,945	$	44,373	Total	$	41,646	$	39,093	$	41,032	$	37,627

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain securities may be called or prepaid. Securities not due at a single date are allocated based on weighted average life.

~~Derivative Financial Instruments~~

The Company holds an embedded derivative on a funds withheld liability with a notional value of $220 million and $270 million and a fair value of $1 million and $(12) million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The embedded derivative on the funds withheld liability is accounted for separately and reported with the funds withheld liability in Other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Investment Commitments

As part of its overall investment strategy, the Company invests in various assets which require future purchase, sale or funding commitments. These investments are recorded once funded, and the related commitments may include future capital calls from various third-party limited partnerships, signed and accepted mortgage loan applications, and obligations related to private placement securities. As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, the Company had commitments to purchase or fund approximately ~~$1,595~~$1,665 million and sell approximately ~~$100~~$125 million under the terms of these investments.

~~Table of Contents~~

Mortgage Loans

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of mortgage loans for each credit quality indicator by year of origination. The primary credit quality indicators utilized are debt service coverage ratios (DSCR) and loan-to-value ratios (LTV).


September 30, 2022		Mortgage Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (1)
March 31, 2023																March 31, 2023	Mortgage Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (1)
(In millions)	(In millions)	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total		(In millions)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total
DSCR ≥1.6x	DSCR ≥1.6x															DSCR ≥1.6x
LTV less than 55%	LTV less than 55%	$	9	$	13	$	112	$	29	$	54	$	275	$	492	LTV less than 55%	$	—	$	9	$	13	$	112	$	41	$	280	$	455
LTV 55% to 65%	LTV 55% to 65%	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		LTV 55% to 65%	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
LTV greater than 65%	LTV greater than 65%	18		11		—		—		—		—		29		LTV greater than 65%	—		31		11		—		—		—		42
DSCR 1.2x - 1.6x	DSCR 1.2x - 1.6x															DSCR 1.2x - 1.6x
LTV less than 55%	LTV less than 55%	5		49		18		56		10		42		180		LTV less than 55%	—		5		49		13		43		47		157
LTV 55% to 65%	LTV 55% to 65%	87		—		20		—		—		8		115		LTV 55% to 65%	12		44		—		24		—		8		88
LTV greater than 65%	LTV greater than 65%	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		LTV greater than 65%	—		58		—		—		—		—		58
DSCR ≤1.2	DSCR ≤1.2															DSCR ≤1.2
LTV less than 55%	LTV less than 55%	—		—		—		57		—		—		57		LTV less than 55%	—		34		—		—		35		—		69
LTV 55% to 65%	LTV 55% to 65%	—		21		—		44		—		—		65		LTV 55% to 65%	—		41		—		—		43		—		84
LTV greater than 65%	LTV greater than 65%	10		—		—		22		—		7		39		LTV greater than 65%	—		27		21		—		22		7		77
Total	Total	$	129	$	94	$	150	$	208	$	64	$	332	$	977	Total	$	12	$	249	$	94	$	149	$	184	$	342	$	1,030

(1) The values in the table above reflect DSCR on a standardized amortization period and LTV based on the most recent appraised values trended forward using changes in a commercial real estate price index.

As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, accrued interest receivable on mortgage loans totaled $3$4 million and is excluded from the amortized cost basis disclosed in the table above and the estimate of expected credit losses.

Table of Contents

Note D. Fair Value

Fair value is the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The following fair value hierarchy is used in selecting inputs, with the highest priority given to Level 1, as these are the most transparent or reliable.

Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets.

Level 3 - Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs are not observable.

Prices may fall within Level 1, 2 or 3 depending upon the methodology and inputs used to estimate fair value for each specific security. In general, the Company seeks to price securities using third-party pricing services. Securities not priced by pricing services are submitted to independent brokers for valuation and, if those are not available, internally developed pricing models are used to value assets using a methodology and inputs the Company believes market participants would use to value the assets. Prices obtained from third-party pricing services or brokers are not adjusted by the Company.

The Company performs control procedures over information obtained from pricing services and brokers to ensure prices received represent a reasonable estimate of fair value and to confirm representations regarding whether inputs are observable or unobservable. Procedures may include i) the review of pricing service methodologies or broker pricing qualifications, ii) back-testing, where past fair value estimates are compared to actual transactions executed in the market on similar dates, iii) exception reporting, where period-over-period changes in price are reviewed and challenged with the pricing service or broker based on exception criteria, and iv) deep dives, where the Company performs an independent analysis of the inputs and assumptions used to price individual securities.

Table of Contents

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are presented in the following tables. Corporate bonds and other includes obligations of the ~~U.S.~~United States of America (U.S.) Treasury, government-sponsored enterprises, foreign governments and redeemable preferred stock.


September 30, 2022								Total Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
March 31, 2023										March 31, 2023							Total Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
(In millions)	(In millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value		(In millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets	Assets									Assets
Fixed maturity securities:	Fixed maturity securities:									Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate bonds and other	Corporate bonds and other	$	118	$	20,617	$	802	$	21,537	Corporate bonds and other	$	135	$	22,604	$	912	$	23,651
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	States, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		8,381		42		8,423		States, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		7,957		44		8,001
Asset-backed	Asset-backed	—		6,575		716		7,291		Asset-backed	—		6,596		859		7,455
Total fixed maturity securities	Total fixed maturity securities	118		35,573		1,560		37,251		Total fixed maturity securities	135		37,157		1,815		39,107
Equity securities:	Equity securities:									Equity securities:
Common stock	Common stock	180		—		30		210		Common stock	177		—		29		206
Non-redeemable preferred stock	Non-redeemable preferred stock	56		625		—		681		Non-redeemable preferred stock	55		421		—		476
Total equity securities	Total equity securities	236		625		30		891		Total equity securities	232		421		29		682
Short term and other	Short term and other	895		34		—		929		Short term and other	975		27		—		1,002
Total assets	Total assets	$	1,249	$	36,232	$	1,590	$	39,071	Total assets	$	1,342	$	37,605	$	1,844	$	40,791
Liabilities	Liabilities									Liabilities
Other liabilities	Other liabilities	$	—	$	(1)	$	—	$	(1)	Other liabilities	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	1
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	$	—	$	(1)	$	—	$	(1)	Total liabilities	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	1


December 31, 2021								Total Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
December 31, 2022										December 31, 2022							Total Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
(In millions)	(In millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value		(In millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets	Assets									Assets
Fixed maturity securities:	Fixed maturity securities:									Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate bonds and other	Corporate bonds and other	$	140	$	23,775	$	937	$	24,852	Corporate bonds and other	$	120	$	21,187	$	810	$	22,117
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	States, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		11,887		56		11,943		States, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		8,274		43		8,317
Asset-backed	Asset-backed	—		7,029		556		7,585		Asset-backed	—		6,405		788		7,193
Total fixed maturity securities	Total fixed maturity securities	140		42,691		1,549		44,380		Total fixed maturity securities	120		35,866		1,641		37,627
Equity securities:	Equity securities:									Equity securities:
Common stock	Common stock	220		—		13		233		Common stock	150		—		35		185
Non-redeemable preferred stock	Non-redeemable preferred stock	65		721		16		802		Non-redeemable preferred stock	54		435		—		489
Total equity securities	Total equity securities	285		721		29		1,035		Total equity securities	204		435		35		674
Short term and other	Short term and other	1,798		74		—		1,872		Short term and other	1,608		71		—		1,679
Total assets	Total assets	$	2,223	$	43,486	$	1,578	$	47,287	Total assets	$	1,932	$	36,372	$	1,676	$	39,980
Liabilities	Liabilities									Liabilities
Other liabilities	Other liabilities	$	—	$	12	$	—	$	12	Other liabilities	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	1
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	$	—	$	12	$	—	$	12	Total liabilities	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	1

Table of Contents

The tables below present a reconciliation for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).


Level 3 (In millions)	Corporate bonds and other		States, municipalities and political subdivisions		Asset-backed		Equity securities		Total
Balance as of January 1, 2023	$	810	$	43	$	788	$	35	$	1,676
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):
Reported in Net investment gains (losses)	—		—		—		—		—
Reported in Net investment income	—		—		5		(6)		(1)
Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss)	24		1		7		—		32
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)	24		1		12		(6)		31
Purchases	81		—		55		—		136
Sales	—		—		—		—		—
Settlements	(3)		—		(9)		—		(12)
Transfers into Level 3	—		—		23		—		23
Transfers out of Level 3	—		—		(10)		—		(10)
Balance as of March 31, 2023	$	912	$	44	$	859	$	29	$	1,844
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2023 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(6)	$	(6)
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2023 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period	24		1		7		—		32

Level 3
(In millions)
Corporate bonds and other States, municipalities and political subdivisions Asset-backed Equity securities Total
Balance as of July 1, 2022 $ 846 $ 46 $ 641 $ 47 $ 1,580
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):
Reported in Net investment gains (losses) — — 2 (3) (1)
Reported in Net investment income 1 — 5 (4) 2
Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss) (50) (4) (38) — (92)
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses) (49) (4) (31) (7) (91)
Purchases 9 — 116 — 125
Sales — — — — —
Settlements (4) — (14) — (18)
Transfers into Level 3 — — 47 — 47
Transfers out of Level 3 — — (43) (10) (53)
Balance as of September 30, 2022 $ 802 $ 42 $ 716 $ 30 $ 1,590
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2022 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period $ — $ — $ — $ (7) $ (7)
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2022 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period (51) (4) (38) — (93)
Level 3
(In millions)
Corporate bonds and other States, municipalities and political subdivisions Asset-backed Equity securities Total
Balance as of July 1, 2021 $ 883 $ 57 $ 410 $ 25 $ 1,375
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):
Reported in Net investment gains (losses) 1 — — (3) (2)
Reported in Net investment income — — 1 1 2
Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss) 1 — 1 — 2
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses) 2 — 2 (2) 2
Purchases 55 — 83 1 139
Sales — — (9) (11) (20)
Settlements (11) — (11) — (22)
Transfers into Level 3 — — 41 11 52
Transfers out of Level 3 (52) — (38) — (90)
Balance as of September 30, 2021 $ 877 $ 57 $ 478 $ 24 $ 1,436
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2021 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period $ — $ — $ — $ (3) $ (3)
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2021 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period 2 — — — 2

~~Table of Contents~~

Level 3
(In millions)
Corporate bonds and other States, municipalities and political subdivisions Asset-backed Equity securities Total
Balance as of January 1, 2022 $ 937 $ 56 $ 556 $ 29 $ 1,578
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):
Reported in Net investment gains (losses) (2) — 7 (6) (1)
Reported in Net investment income 1 — 11 (1) 11
Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss) (203) (14) (122) — (339)
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses) (204) (14) (104) (7) (329)
Purchases 127 — 348 12 487
Sales (5) — (2) (3) (10)
Settlements (63) — (54) 9 (108)
Transfers into Level 3 10 — 66 — 76
Transfers out of Level 3 — — (94) (10) (104)
Balance as of September 30, 2022 $ 802 $ 42 $ 716 $ 30 $ 1,590
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2022 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period $ — $ — $ — $ (8) $ (8)
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2022 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period (203) (14) (121) — (338)


Level 3 (In millions)	Level 3 (In millions)	Corporate bonds and other		States, municipalities and political subdivisions		Asset-backed		Equity securities		Total		Level 3 (In millions)	Corporate bonds and other		States, municipalities and political subdivisions		Asset-backed		Equity securities		Total
Balance as of January 1, 2021		$	770	$	46	$	308	$	27	$	1,151
Balance as of January 1, 2022												Balance as of January 1, 2022	$	937	$	56	$	556	$	29	$	1,578
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):	Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):											Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):
Reported in Net investment gains (losses)	Reported in Net investment gains (losses)	(9)		—		—		(2)		(11)		Reported in Net investment gains (losses)	(1)		—		2		(1)		—
Reported in Net investment income	Reported in Net investment income	—		—		4		2		6		Reported in Net investment income	—		—		1		4		5
Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss)	Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss)	(23)		—		(4)		—		(27)		Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss)	(71)		(5)		(32)		—		(108)
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)	Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)	(32)		—		—		—		(32)		Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)	(72)		(5)		(29)		3		(103)
Purchases	Purchases	219		12		197		1		429		Purchases	67		—		140		12		219
Sales	Sales	(3)		—		(9)		(15)		(27)		Sales	(5)		—		—		—		(5)
Settlements	Settlements	(35)		(1)		(38)		—		(74)		Settlements	(22)		—		(17)		—		(39)
Transfers into Level 3	Transfers into Level 3	10		—		71		11		92		Transfers into Level 3	10		—		5		—		15
Transfers out of Level 3	Transfers out of Level 3	(52)		—		(51)		—		(103)		Transfers out of Level 3	—		—		(51)		—		(51)
Balance as of September 30, 2021		$	877	$	57	$	478	$	24	$	1,436
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2021 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period		$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(1)	$	(1)
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2021 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period		(22)		—		(5)		—		(27)
Balance as of March 31, 2022												Balance as of March 31, 2022	$	915	$	51	$	604	$	44	$	1,614
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2022 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period												Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2022 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3	$	3
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2022 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period												Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2022 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period	(72)		(5)		(31)		—		(108)

Securities may be transferred in or out of levels within the fair value hierarchy based on the availability of observable market information and quoted prices used to determine the fair value of the security. The availability of observable market information and quoted prices varies based on market conditions and trading volume.

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Valuation Methodologies and Inputs

The following section describes the valuation methodologies and relevant inputs used to measure different financial instruments at fair value, including an indication of the level in the fair value hierarchy in which the instruments are generally classified.

Fixed Maturity Securities

Level 1 securities include highly liquid government securities and exchange traded bonds, valued using quoted market prices. Level 2 securities include most other fixed maturity securities as the significant inputs are observable in the marketplace. All classes of Level 2 fixed maturity securities are valued using a methodology based on information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets, a discounted cash flow methodology, or a combination of both when necessary. Common inputs for all classes of fixed maturity securities include prices from recently executed transactions of similar securities, marketplace quotes, benchmark yields, spreads off benchmark yields, interest rates and U.S. Treasury or swap curves. Specifically for asset-backed securities, key inputs include prepayment and default projections based on past performance of the underlying collateral and current market data. Fixed maturity securities are primarily assigned to Level 3 in cases where broker/dealer quotes are significant inputs to the valuation and there is a lack of transparency as to whether these quotes are based on information that is observable in the marketplace. Level 3 securities also include private placement debt securities whose fair value is determined using internal models with some inputs that are not market observable.

Equity Securities

Level 1 equity securities include publicly traded securities valued using quoted market prices. Level 2 securities are primarily valued using pricing for similar securities, recently executed transactions and other pricing models utilizing market observable inputs. Level 3 securities are primarily priced using broker/dealer quotes and internal models with some inputs that are not market observable.

Short Term and Other Invested Assets

Securities that are actively traded or have quoted prices are classified as Level 1. These securities include money market funds and treasury bills. Level 2 primarily includes non-U.S. government securities for which all inputs are market observable. Fixed maturity securities purchased within one year of maturity are classified consistent with fixed maturity securities discussed above. Short term investments as presented in the tables above differ from the amounts presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets because certain short term investments, such as time deposits, are not measured at fair value.

As of ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, there were ~~$65~~$73 million and ~~$74~~$72 million of overseas deposits within Other invested assets, which can be redeemed at net asset value in 90 days or less. Overseas deposits are excluded from the fair value hierarchy because their fair value is recorded using the net asset value per share (or equivalent) practical expedient.

~~Derivative Financial Investments~~Other Liabilities

~~The embedded derivative on funds withheld liability is~~Level 2 securities include currency forward contracts valued ~~based on the unrealized gain or loss position of the assets supporting the funds withheld liability, which are fixed maturity securities primarily valued with~~using observable ~~inputs.~~market forward rates.

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Significant Unobservable Inputs

The following tables present quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs utilized by the Company in the fair value measurements of Level 3 assets. Valuations for assets and liabilities not presented in the tables below are primarily based on broker/dealer quotes for which there is a lack of transparency as to inputs used to develop the valuations. The quantitative detail of these unobservable inputs is neither provided nor reasonably available to the Company. The weighted average rate is calculated based on fair value.

~~September 30,~~March 31, 2023

Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)

Valuation Technique(s)

Unobservable Input(s)

Range
(Weighted Average)

Fixed maturity securities

1,340

Discounted cash flow

Credit spread

1% - 8% (3%)

December 31, 2022

Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)

Valuation Technique(s)

Unobservable Input(s)

Range
(Weighted Average)

Fixed maturity securities

~~1,111~~1,177

Discounted cash flow

Credit spread

1% - ~~11% (3%)~~

~~December 31, 2021~~

Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)

~~Valuation Technique(s)~~

~~Unobservable Input(s)~~

Range
(Weighted Average)

~~Fixed maturity securities~~

~~1,225~~

~~Discounted cash flow~~

~~Credit spread~~

~~1% - 7%~~8% (2%)

For fixed maturity securities, an increase to the credit spread assumptions would result in a lower fair value measurement.

Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value

The carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company's financial assets and liabilities which are not measured at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are presented in the following tables.


September 30, 2022		Carrying Amount			Estimated Fair Value
March 31, 2023														March 31, 2023		Carrying Amount						Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)	(In millions)			Carrying Amount			Level 1			Level 2			Level 3						Total			(In millions)			Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Assets	Assets																Assets
Mortgage loans	Mortgage loans	$	953		$	—		$	—		$	880		$	880			Mortgage loans		$	1,006			$	—		$	—		$	958		$	958
Liabilities	Liabilities																Liabilities
Short term debt																	Short term debt		$	243			$	—		$	245		$	—		$	245
Long term debt	Long term debt	$	2,780		$	—		$	2,563		$	—		$	2,563		Long term debt		2,539				—			2,387			—			2,387


December 31, 2021		Carrying Amount			Estimated Fair Value
December 31, 2022														December 31, 2022		Carrying Amount						Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)	(In millions)			Carrying Amount			Level 1			Level 2			Level 3						Total			(In millions)			Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Assets	Assets																Assets
Mortgage loans	Mortgage loans	$	973		$	—		$	—		$	1,018		$	1,018			Mortgage loans		$	1,040			$	—		$	—		$	973		$	973

Liabilities	Liabilities																Liabilities
Short term debt																	Short term debt		$	243			$	—		$	248		$	—		$	248
Long term debt	Long term debt	$	2,779		$	—		$	2,978		$	—		$	2,978		Long term debt		2,538				—			2,349			—			2,349

The carrying amounts reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for Cash, Short term investments not carried at fair value, Accrued investment income and certain Other assets and Other liabilities approximate fair value due to the short term nature of these items. These assets and liabilities are not listed in the tables above.

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Note E. Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves ~~and Future Policy Benefit Reserves~~

~~Property and casualty insurance claim~~Claim and claim adjustment expense reserves represent the estimated amounts necessary to resolve all outstanding claims, including incurred but not reported (IBNR) claims as of the reporting date. The Company's reserve projections are based primarily on detailed analysis of the facts in each case, the Company's experience with similar cases and various historical development patterns. Consideration is given to historical patterns such as claim reserving trends and settlement practices, loss payments, pending levels of unpaid claims and product mix, as well as court decisions and economic conditions, ~~including~~economic, medical and social inflation, and public attitudes. All of these factors can affect the estimation of claim and claim adjustment expense reserves.

Establishing claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, including claim and claim adjustment expense reserves for catastrophic events that have occurred, is an estimation process. Many factors can ultimately affect the final settlement of a claim and, therefore, the necessary reserve. Changes in the law, results of litigation, medical costs, the cost of repair materials and labor rates can affect ultimate claim costs. In addition, time can be a critical part of reserving determinations since the longer the span between the incidence of a loss and the payment or settlement of the claim, the more variable the ultimate settlement amount can be. Accordingly, short-tail claims, such as property damage claims, tend to be more reasonably estimable than long-tail claims, such as workers' compensation, general liability and professional liability claims. Claim and claim adjustment expense reserves are also maintained for the Company's structured settlement obligations. In developing the claim and claim adjustment expense reserve estimates for structured settlement obligations, the Company's actuaries review mortality experience on an annual basis. Adjustments to prior year reserve estimates, if necessary, are reflected in the results of operations in the period that the need for such adjustments is determined. There can be no assurance that the Company's ultimate cost for insurance losses will not exceed current estimates.

Catastrophes are an inherent risk of the property and casualty insurance business and have contributed to material period-to-period fluctuations in our results of operations and/or equity. The Company reported catastrophe losses, net of reinsurance, of ~~$114~~$52 million and ~~$171~~$19 million for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022 primarily related to severe weather related events. Catastrophe losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 included $87 million for Hurricane Ian. The Company reported catastrophe losses, net of reinsurance, of $178 million and $357 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. Catastrophe losses for the three months ended September 30, 2021 included $114 million for Hurricane Ida. Catastrophe losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were driven by severe weather related events, primarily Hurricane Ida and Winter Storms Uri and Viola.

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Liability for Unpaid Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses

The following table presents a reconciliation between beginning and ending claim and claim adjustment expense reserves.


Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2023		2022 (1)
Reserves, beginning of year:
Gross	$	22,120	$	21,269
Ceded	5,191		4,969
Net reserves, beginning of year	16,929		16,300
Net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses:
Provision for insured events of current year	1,326		1,188
Increase (decrease) in provision for insured events of prior years	13		(7)
Amortization of discount	11		12
Total net incurred (2)	1,350		1,193
Net payments attributable to:
Current year events	(72)		(68)
Prior year events	(1,042)		(920)
Total net payments	(1,114)		(988)
Foreign currency translation adjustment and other	35		(92)
Net reserves, end of period	17,200		16,413
Ceded reserves, end of period	5,209		5,002
Gross reserves, end of period	$	22,409	$	21,415

(1) In conjunction with the Company's adoption of ASU 2018-12, at January 1, 2023, long term care reserves ~~including claim~~for policyholders currently receiving benefits were reclassified from Claim and claim adjustment ~~expense reserves~~expenses into Future policy benefits and this change was applied retrospectively as of January 1, 2021. See Note A to the ~~Life & Group segment.~~Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

For the nine months ended September 30
(In millions) 2022 2021
Reserves, beginning of year:
Gross $ 24,174 $ 22,706
Ceded 4,969 4,005
Net reserves, beginning of year 19,205 18,701
Reduction of net reserves due to Excess Workers' Compensation Loss Portfolio Transfer — (632)
Net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses:
Provision for insured events of current year 4,638 4,474
Increase (decrease) in provision for insured events of prior years (144) (130)
Amortization of discount 131 137
Total net incurred (1)
4,625 4,481
Net payments attributable to:
Current year events (523) (629)
Prior year events (3,371) (2,874)
Total net payments (3,894) (3,503)
Foreign currency translation adjustment and other (383) (51)
Net reserves, end of period 19,553 18,996
Ceded reserves, end of period 5,147 4,836
Gross reserves, end of period $ 24,700 $ 23,832

~~(1)~~(2) Total net incurred above does not agree to Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits as reflected on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations due to amounts related to retroactive reinsurance deferred gain accounting ~~the loss on the Excess Workers' Compensation Loss Portfolio Transfer,~~and uncollectible reinsurance, ~~and benefit expenses related to future policy benefits,~~ which are not reflected in the table above.

Net Prior Year Development

Changes in estimates of claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, net of reinsurance, for prior years are defined as net prior year loss reserve development (development). These changes can be favorable or unfavorable. The following table presents development recorded for the Specialty, Commercial, International and Corporate & Other segments.

Periods ended September 30 Three Months Nine Months
(In millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Specialty $ (15) $ (15) $ (35) $ (40)
Commercial (2) 2 (26) 2
International — 3 (5) 2
Corporate & Other — — 64 40
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development $ (17) $ (10) $ (2) $ 4
Unfavorable development of $64 million was recorded within the Corporate & Other segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 largely associated with legacy mass tort abuse claims, including the recent Diocese of Rochester proposed settlement. Unfavorable development of $40 million was recorded within the Corporate & Other segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 due to legacy mass tort exposures, primarily related to abuse.


Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2023		2022
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Specialty	$	—	$	(10)
Commercial	(2)		(2)
International	15		—
Corporate & Other	—		—
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	13	$	(12)

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Specialty

The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the Specialty segment.


Periods ended September 30		Three Months				Nine Months
Three months ended March 31										Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021		(In millions)	2023		2022
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:	Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:									Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Medical Professional Liability	Medical Professional Liability	$	8	$	8	$	17	$	16	Medical Professional Liability	$	9	$	8
Other Professional Liability and Management Liability	Other Professional Liability and Management Liability	9		—		22		10		Other Professional Liability and Management Liability	—		—
Surety	Surety	(20)		(15)		(48)		(53)		Surety	—		(9)
Warranty	Warranty	(13)		(6)		(22)		(14)		Warranty	(9)		(9)
Other	Other	1		(2)		(4)		1		Other	—		—
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	(15)	$	(15)	$	(35)	$	(40)	Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	—	$	(10)

~~Three Months~~

~~2022~~

~~Favorable development in surety was primarily due to lower than expected frequency and lack of systemic activity in recent accident years.~~

~~Favorable development in warranty was due to lower than expected loss emergence in a recent accident year.~~

~~2021~~

~~Favorable development in surety was primarily due to lower than expected frequency and lack of systemic activity in recent accident years.~~

~~Nine Months~~

~~2022~~

~~Unfavorable development in medical professional liability was due to higher than expected large loss activity in recent accident years.~~

Unfavorable development in other professional liability and management liability was due to higher than expected claim severity and frequency in the Company’s cyber and professional errors and omissions businesses in multiple accident years.

~~Favorable development in surety was primarily due to lower than expected frequency and lack of systemic activity in recent accident years.~~

~~Favorable development in warranty was due to lower than expected loss emergence in a recent accident year.~~

~~2021~~

~~Unfavorable development in medical professional liability was due to higher than expected frequency of large losses in recent accident years.~~

Unfavorable development in other professional liability and management liability was due to higher than expected claim severity and frequency in the Company’s cyber business in recent accident years.

~~Favorable development in surety was primarily due to lower than expected frequency and lack of systemic activity in recent accident years.~~

~~Favorable development in warranty was due to lower than expected loss emergence in a recent accident year.~~

~~Table of Contents~~

Commercial

The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the Commercial segment.


Periods ended September 30		Three Months				Nine Months
Three months ended March 31										Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021		(In millions)	2023		2022
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:	Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:									Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Commercial Auto	Commercial Auto	$	—	$	—	$	21	$	30	Commercial Auto	$	—	$	—
General Liability	General Liability	—		—		41		—		General Liability	—		—
Workers' Compensation	Workers' Compensation	(2)		2		(86)		(40)		Workers' Compensation	(2)		(2)
Property and Other	Property and Other	—		—		(2)		12		Property and Other	—		—
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	(2)	$	2	$	(26)	$	2	Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	(2)	$	(2)

~~Nine Months~~

~~2022~~

~~Unfavorable development in commercial auto was due to higher than expected claim severity in the Company’s construction business in multiple accident years.~~

~~Unfavorable development in general liability was due to higher than expected claim severity in construction, middle market and small business across multiple accident years.~~

~~Favorable development in workers’ compensation was due to favorable medical trends driving lower than expected severity in multiple accident years.~~

~~2021~~

~~Unfavorable development in commercial auto was due to higher than expected claim severity in the Company’s construction and middle market businesses in recent accident years.~~

~~Favorable development in workers’ compensation was due to favorable medical trends driving lower than expected severity in multiple accident years.~~

~~Unfavorable development in property and other was primarily due to higher than expected large loss activity in the Company’s marine business in multiple accident years.~~

~~Table of Contents~~

International

The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the International segment.
Periods ended September 30 Three Months Nine Months
(In millions) 2022
2021 (1)
2022
2021 (1)
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Commercial $ — $ (21) $ (4) $ (24)
Specialty — 23 (1) 25
Other — 1 — 1
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development $ — $ 3 $ (5) $ 2

(1) Effective December 31, 2021 the International lines of business were consolidated to align with domestic operations. Prior period information has been conformed to the new line of business presentation.


Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2023		2022
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Commercial	$	(2)	$	—
Specialty	19		—
Other	(2)		—
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	15	$	—

~~Three Months~~

~~2021~~

~~Favorable development in commercial was due to lower than expected loss emergence across multiple accident years.~~2023

Unfavorable development in specialty was due to higher than expected ~~claim severity~~large loss emergence in the ~~Company’s medical treatment business.~~

~~Nine Months~~

~~2021~~

~~Favorable development~~Company's professional liability business in ~~commercial was due to lower than expected loss emergence across multiple~~ accident ~~years.~~

~~Unfavorable development in specialty was due to higher than expected claim severity in the Company’s medical treatment business.~~year 2017.

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Asbestos & Environmental Pollution (A&EP) Reserves

In 2010, Continental Casualty Company (CCC) together with several of the Company’s insurance subsidiaries completed a transaction with National Indemnity Company (NICO), a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., under which substantially all of the Company’s legacy A&EP liabilities were ceded to NICO through a Loss Portfolio Transfer (LPT). At the effective date of the transaction, the Company ceded approximately $1.6 billion of net A&EP claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves to NICO under a retroactive reinsurance agreement with an aggregate limit of $4 billion. The $1.6 billion of claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves ceded to NICO was net of $1.2 billion of ceded claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves under existing third-party reinsurance contracts. The NICO LPT aggregate reinsurance limit also covers credit risk on the existing third-party reinsurance related to these liabilities. The Company paid NICO a reinsurance premium of $2 billion and transferred to NICO billed third-party reinsurance receivables related to A&EP claims with a net book value of $215 million, resulting in total consideration of $2.2 billion.

In years subsequent to the effective date of the LPT, the Company recognized adverse prior year development on its A&EP reserves resulting in additional amounts ceded under the LPT. As a result, the cumulative amounts ceded under the LPT have exceeded the $2.2 billion consideration paid, resulting in the NICO LPT moving into a gain position, requiring retroactive reinsurance accounting. Under retroactive reinsurance accounting, this gain is deferred and only recognized in earnings in proportion to actual paid recoveries under the LPT. Over the life of the contract, there is no economic impact as long as any additional losses incurred are within the limit of the LPT. In a period in which the Company recognizes a change in the estimate of A&EP reserves that increases or decreases the amounts ceded under the LPT, the proportion of actual paid recoveries to total ceded losses is affected and the change in the deferred gain is recognized in earnings as if the revised estimate of ceded losses was available at the effective date of the LPT. The effect of the deferred retroactive reinsurance benefit is recorded in Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The impact of the LPT on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations was the recognition of a retroactive reinsurance benefit of ~~$17~~$8 million and $8$12 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and ~~2021 and $40 million and $30 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.~~2022. As of ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the cumulative amounts ceded under the LPT were ~~$3.4~~$3.5 billion. The unrecognized deferred retroactive reinsurance benefit was ~~$389~~$417 million and ~~$429~~$425 million as of ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 and is included within Other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

NICO established a collateral trust account as security for its obligations to the Company. The fair value of the collateral trust account was ~~$2.3~~$2.5 billion as of ~~September 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. In addition, Berkshire Hathaway Inc. guaranteed the payment obligations of NICO up to the aggregate reinsurance limit as well as certain of NICO’s performance obligations under the trust agreement. NICO is responsible for claims handling and billing and collection from third-party reinsurers related to the majority of the Company’s A&EP claims.

Credit Risk for Ceded Reserves

The majority of the Company’s outstanding voluntary reinsurance receivables are due from reinsurers with financial strength ratings of A-A or higher. Receivables due from reinsurers with lower financial strength ratings are primarily due from captive reinsurers and are backed by collateral arrangements.

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~~Life & Group Policyholder~~Note F. Future Policy Benefits Reserves

~~The Company’s Life & Group segment includes its~~Future policy benefits reserves are related to the Company's run-off long term care business, as well as structured settlement obligations not funded by annuities related to certain property and casualty claimants. Long term care policies provide benefits for nursing homes, assisted living facilities and home health care subject to various daily and lifetime caps. Generally, policyholders must continue to make periodic premium payments to keep the policywhich is included in ~~force and the Company has the ability to increase policy premiums, subject to state regulatory approval.~~

~~The Company maintains both claim and claim adjustment expense reserves as well as future policy benefit reserves for policyholder benefits for~~ the Life & Group segment. Claim and claim adjustment expense reserves consist of estimated reserves for long term care policyholders that are currently receiving benefits, including claims that have been incurred but are not yet reported. In developing the claim and claim adjustment expense reserve estimates for long term care policies, the Company’s actuaries perform a detailed claim reserve review on an annual basis. The review analyzes the sufficiency of existing reserves for policyholders currently on claim and includes an evaluation of expected benefit utilization and claim duration. In addition, claim and claim adjustment expense reserves are also maintained for the structured settlement obligations. In developing the claim and claim adjustment expense reserve estimates for structured settlement obligations, the Company's actuaries review mortality experience on an annual basis. The Company’s recorded claim and claim adjustment expense reserves reflect management's best estimate after incorporating the results of the most recent reviews.

The Company's most recent annual claim reserve reviews were completed in the third quarter of 2022. The long term care claim reserve review resulted in a $25 million pretax reduction in reserves driven by a $107 million favorable impact from the release of all remaining IBNR reserves established during 2020 and 2021 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic partially offset by an $82 million unfavorable impact from higher claim severity, including utilization and cost of care inflation, than anticipated in the reserve estimates. The structured settlement claim reserve review resulted in a $5 million pretax reduction in reserves due to discount rate assumption changes. The Company's 2021 annual claim reserve reviews were completed in the third quarter of 2021 resulting in a $40 million pretax reduction in long term care reserves primarily due to lower claim severity than anticipated in the reserve estimates and a $2 million pretax increase in the structured settlement claim reserves primarily due to lower discount rate assumptions and mortality assumption changes.

Future policy benefit reserves consist of active life reserves related to the Company’s long term care policies for policyholders that are not currently receiving benefits and represent the present value of expected future benefit payments and expenses less expected future premium. The determination of ~~these~~Future policy benefits reserves requires management to make estimates and assumptions about expected ~~investment and~~ policyholder experience over the remaining life of the ~~contract.~~policy. Since ~~many of these contracts~~policies may be in force for several decades, these assumptions are subject to significant estimation risk. As a result of this variability, the Company’s future policy benefits reserves may be subject to material increases if actual experience develops adversely to the Company’s expectations.

The ~~actuarial~~LFPB is computed using the net level premium method, which incorporates cash flow assumptions ~~that management believes are subject~~and discount rate assumptions. Under the net level premium method, the LFPB is equal to the ~~most variability~~present value of future benefits and claim settlement expenses less the present value of future net premiums. Net premiums are equal to gross premiums multiplied by the NPR. The NPR is generally the ratio of the present value of benefits and expense payments to the present value of gross premiums, expected over the lifetime of the policy. As a result of the modified retrospective adoption of ASU 2018-12, the Company’s NPR calculation incorporates the original locked in discount rate and the reserve balance as of the transition date of January 1, 2021.

The key cash flow assumptions used to estimate the LFPB are morbidity, persistency ~~discount rates and~~(inclusive of mortality), anticipated future premium rate ~~increases.~~increases and expenses. Morbidity is the frequency and severity of injury, illness, sickness and diseases contracted. Persistency is the percentage of policies remaining in force and can be affected by policy lapses, benefit reductions and death. Discount rates are influenced by the investment yield on assets supporting long term care reserves which is subject to interest rate and market volatility and may also be affected by changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Future premium rate increases are generally subject to regulatory approval, and therefore the exact timing and size of the approved rate increases are unknown. ~~As a result of this variability,~~Expense assumptions relate to claim adjudication. The Company has not elected the ~~Company’s long term care reserves may be subject~~practical expedient that allows locking in the expense assumption. The discount rate is determined using the upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield curve.

The Company has elected to ~~material increases if~~update the NPR and the LFPB for actual experience ~~develops adversely~~on a quarterly basis. A quarterly assessment is also made as to ~~the Company’s expectations.~~

whether evidence suggests that cash flow assumptions should be updated. Annually in the third quarter, ~~management assesses~~actuarial analysis is performed on policyholder morbidity, persistency, premium rate increases and expense experience. This analysis, combined with judgment, informs the ~~adequacy~~setting of ~~its long term care future policy benefit reserves by performing~~updated cash flow assumptions used to estimate the LFPB. Actuarial analysis includes predictive modeling, actual to expected experience comparisons and trend analysis. Applicable industry research is also considered.

Quarterly, to derive the upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield discount rate assumption, the Company uses a ~~gross premium valuation (GPV)~~published spot rate curve constructed from single-A rated U.S. dollar denominated corporate bonds. The Company uses linear interpolation to determine ~~if there~~yield assumptions for tenors that fall between points for which observable rates are available. For cash flows that are projected to occur beyond the tenor for which market-observable rates are available, the Company applies judgment to estimate a normative rate which the Company grades to over 10 years.

Quarterly, the updated NPR is ~~a premium deficiency. Under the GPV, management estimates required reserves using best estimate assumptions~~used to derive an updated LFPB as of the ~~date~~beginning of the ~~assessment without provisions for adverse deviation.~~current quarter measured at the original locked in discount rate. The ~~GPV required reserves are~~updated LFPB is then compared to the existing ~~recorded reserves. If~~carrying amount of the ~~GPV required reserves~~liability as of the same date (measured at the original locked in discount rate) to determine the re-measurement gain (loss), which is presented parenthetically within the Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits line on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Insurance contracts are ~~greater than~~grouped into cohorts according to issue year. Contracts assumed through reinsurance are generally included within the ~~existing recorded reserves,~~same cohorts as contracts issued directly by the ~~existing assumptions are unlocked and future policy benefit reserves are increased~~Company, according to issue year. The issue year for assumed contracts is defined according to the ~~greater amount. Any such increase is reflected in~~date that the Company’s ~~results~~assumption of ~~operations in~~insurance risk incepted. For assumed contracts that were reinsured concurrently with the ~~period~~issuance of the underlying direct contract, issue year is defined as the year that the underlying policy was issued. For contracts that were already in-force when assumed by the Company, issue year is defined as the year in which the ~~need for such~~reinsurance agreement incepted. For group long term care business, issue year is defined as the year the individual insurance certificate was issued. Long term care is the Company's only long-duration product line, therefore, cohorts are not further disaggregated by product.

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~~adjustment is determined. If the GPV required reserves are less than the existing recorded reserves, assumptions remain locked in and no adjustment is made.~~

The ~~GPV for~~following table summarizes balances and changes in the LFPB.


	(In millions)		2023				2022
	Present value of future net premiums
	Balance, January 1		$	3,993			$	4,735
Effect of changes in discount rate	(74)				(880)
Balance, January 1, at original locked in discount rate	3,919				3,855
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions (1)	—				—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience (1)	(49)				(18)
Adjusted balance, January 1	3,870				3,837
Interest accrual	52				53
Net premiums: earned during period	(111)				(112)
Balance, end of period at original locked in discount rate	3,811				3,778
Effect of changes in discount rate	154				525
Balance, March 31	$	3,965			$	4,303

	Present value of future benefits & expenses
	Balance, January 1		$	17,472			$	22,745
Effect of changes in discount rate	(125)				(5,942)
Balance, January 1, at original locked in discount rate	17,347				16,803
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions (1)	—				—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience (1)	(50)				(23)
Adjusted balance, January 1	17,297				16,780
Interest accrual	242				241
Benefit & expense payments	(302)				(233)
Balance, end of period at original locked in discount rate	17,237				16,788
Effect of changes in discount rate	704				3,517
Balance, March 31	$	17,941			$	20,305




	Net LFPB		$	13,976			$	16,002

(1) As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, the re-measurement gain (loss) of $1 million and $5 million presented parenthetically on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations is comprised of the effect of changes in cash flow assumptions and the effect of actual variances from expected experience.

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Earned premiums associated with the Company's long term care ~~future policy benefit reserves, performed in the third quarters of 2022 and 2021, indicated recorded reserves included a pretax margin of approximately $125~~business were $115 million and ~~$72~~$120 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The following table presents undiscounted expected future benefit and expense payments, and undiscounted expected future gross premiums.


	As of March 31
(In millions)	2023		2022
Expected future benefit and expense payments	$	33,759	$	33,674
Expected future gross premiums	5,729		5,969

Discounted expected future gross premiums at the upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield discount rate were $4,046 million and $4,567 million as of ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The weighted average effective duration of the LFPB calculated using the original locked in discount rate was 12 years as of March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The weighted average interest rates in the table below are calculated based on the rate used to discount all future cash flows.


	As of March 31				As of December 31
	2023		2022		2022
Original locked in discount rate	5.26	%	5.31	%	5.27	%
Upper-medium grade fixed income instrument discount rate	4.92		3.67		5.23

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, immediate charges to net income resulting from adverse development that caused NPR to exceed 100% were $13 million. There were no such charges for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The portion of losses recognized in a prior period due to NPR exceeding 100% which, due to favorable development, was reversed through net income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $11 million and ~~2021.~~

$1 million.

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Note FG. Legal Proceedings, Contingencies and Guarantees

The Company is a party to various claims and litigation incidental to its business, which, based on the facts and circumstances currently known, are not material to the Company's results of operations or financial position.

Guarantees

The Company has provided guarantees, if the primary obligor fails to perform, to holders of structured settlement annuities issued by a previously owned subsidiary. As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, the potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to pay under these guarantees was approximately ~~$1.6~~$1.5 billion, which will be paid over the lifetime of the annuitants. The Company does not believe any payment is likely under these guarantees, as the Company is the beneficiary of a trust that must be maintained at a level that approximates the discounted reserves for these annuities.

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Note G.H. Benefit Plans

The components of net periodic pension cost (benefit) are presented in the following table.


Periods ended September 30		Three Months				Nine Months
Three months ended March 31										Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021		(In millions)	2023		2022
Net periodic pension cost (benefit)	Net periodic pension cost (benefit)									Net periodic pension cost (benefit)
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation	Interest cost on projected benefit obligation	$	17	$	15	$	50	$	46	Interest cost on projected benefit obligation	$	25	$	17
Expected return on plan assets	Expected return on plan assets	(38)		(38)		(114)		(115)		Expected return on plan assets	(30)		(38)
Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss		8		12		23		35
Settlement loss		—		—		—		1
Amortization of net actuarial loss										Amortization of net actuarial loss	8		7

Total net periodic pension cost (benefit)	Total net periodic pension cost (benefit)	$	(13)	$	(11)	$	(41)	$	(33)	Total net periodic pension cost (benefit)	$	3	$	(14)

The following table indicates the line items in which the non-service cost (benefit) is presented inon the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.


Periods ended September 30		Three Months				Nine Months
Three months ended March 31										Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021		(In millions)	2023		2022
Non-Service Cost (Benefit):	Non-Service Cost (Benefit):									Non-Service Cost (Benefit):
Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits		$	(3)	$	(3)	$	(11)	$	(9)
Insurance claims and policyholder's benefits										Insurance claims and policyholder's benefits	$	1	$	(4)
Other operating expenses	Other operating expenses	(10)		(8)		(30)		(24)		Other operating expenses	2		(10)
Total net periodic pension cost (benefit)	Total net periodic pension cost (benefit)	$	(13)	$	(11)	$	(41)	$	(33)	Total net periodic pension cost (benefit)	$	3	$	(14)

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Note H.I. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component

The tables below display the changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component.

(In millions) Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit losses Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments Pension and postretirement benefits Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment Total
Balance as of July 1, 2022 $ (8) $ (1,918) $ (592) $ (195) $ (2,713)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — (1,429) — (103) (1,532)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $—, $11, $2, $— and $13 2 (102) (6) — (106)
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $1, $370, $(2), $— and $369 (2) (1,327) 6 (103) (1,426)
Balance as of September 30, 2022 $ (10) $ (3,245) $ (586) $ (298) $ (4,139)


(In millions)	Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit losses		Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments(1)		Pension and postretirement benefits		Cumulative impact of changes in discount rates used to measure long duration contracts (1)		Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment		Total
Balance as of January 1, 2023, as previously reported	$	(7)	$	(2,738)	$	(591)	$	—	$	(221)	$	(3,557)
Cumulative effect adjustment from accounting change for adoption of ASU 2018-12(1) net of tax (expense) benefit of $—, $—, $—, $11, $— and $11	—		—		—		(41)		—		(41)
Balance as of January 1, 2023	$	(7)	$	(2,738)	$	(591)	$	(41)	$	(221)	$	(3,598)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(8)		652		—		(396)		17		265
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $—, $4, $2, $—, $— and $6	—		(18)		(7)		—		—		(25)
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $2, $(180), $(2), $105, $— and $(75)	(8)		670		7		(396)		17		290
Balance as of March 31, 2023	$	(15)	$	(2,068)	$	(584)	$	(437)	$	(204)	$	(3,308)


(In millions)	Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit losses		Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments(1)		Pension and postretirement benefits		Cumulative impact of changes in discount rates used to measure long duration contracts(1)		Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment		Total
Balance as of January 1, 2022, as previously reported	$	(2)	$	1,039	$	(604)	$	—	$	(113)	$	320
Cumulative effect adjustment from accounting change for adoption of ASU 2018-12(1) net of tax (expense) benefit of $—, $617, $—, $(1,063), $— and $(446)	—		2,320		—		(4,000)		—		(1,680)
Balance as of January 1, 2022, as adjusted	(2)		3,359		(604)		(4,000)		(113)		(1,360)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(4)		(2,644)		—		1,635		(14)		(1,027)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $—, $1, $2, $—, $— and $3	—		(1)		(6)		—		—		(7)
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $1, $698, $(2), $(435), $— and $262	(4)		(2,643)		6		1,635		(14)		(1,020)
Balance as of March 31, 2022	$	(6)	$	716	$	(598)	$	(2,365)	$	(127)	$	(2,380)

(In millions) Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit losses Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments Pension and postretirement benefits Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment Total
Balance as of July 1, 2021 $ — $ 1,418 $ (829) $ (80) $ 509
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — (121) (1) (33) (155)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $—, $(5), $2, $— and $(3) — 17 (9) — 8
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $—, $37, $(2), $— and $35 — (138) 8 (33) (163)
Balance as of September 30, 2021 $ — $ 1,280 $ (821) $ (113) $ 346

~~Table of Contents~~

(In millions) Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit losses Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments Pension and postretirement benefits Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment Total
Balance as of January 1, 2022 $ (2) $ 1,039 $ (604) $ (113) $ 320
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (5) (4,401) — (185) (4,591)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $(1), $15, $5, $— and $19 3 (117) (18) — (132)
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $2, $1,150, $(5), $— and $1,147 (8) (4,284) 18 (185) (4,459)
Balance as of September 30, 2022 $ (10) $ (3,245) $ (586) $ (298) $ (4,139)

(In millions) Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit losses Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments Pension and postretirement benefits Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment Total
Balance as of January 1, 2021 $ — $ 1,745 $ (848) $ (94) $ 803
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (2) (391) (1) (19) (413)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $1, $(20), $7, $— and $(12) (2) 74 (28) — 44
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $—, $124, $(7), $— and $117 — (465) 27 (19) (457)
Balance as of September 30, 2021 $ — $ 1,280 $ (821) $ (113) $ 346
(1) See Note A to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) shown above are reported in Net income (loss) as follows:


Component of AOCI						Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Line Item Affected by Reclassifications
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit losses and Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments						Net investment gains (losses)

Pension and postretirement benefits						Other operating expenses and Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits

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Note I.J. Business Segments

The Company's property and casualty commercial insurance operations are managed and reported in three business segments: Specialty, Commercial and International. These three segments are collectively referred to as Property & Casualty Operations. The Company's operations outside of Property & Casualty Operations are managed and reported in two segments: Life & Group and Corporate & Other.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note A to the Consolidated Financial Statements within CNAF's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The Company manages most of its assets on a legal entity basis, while segment operations are generally conducted across legal entities. As such, only Insurance and Reinsurance receivables, Insurance reserves, Deferred acquisition costs, Goodwill and Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense and revenue are readily identifiable for individual segments. Distinct investment portfolios are not maintained for every individual segment; accordingly, allocation of assets to each segment is not performed. Therefore, a significant portion of Net investment income and Net investment gains or losses are allocated primarily based on each segment's net carried insurance reserves, as adjusted. All significant intersegment income and expense have been eliminated. Income taxes have been allocated on the basis of the taxable income of the segments.

In the following tables, certain financial measures are presented to provide information used by management to monitor the Company's operating performance. Management utilizes these financial measures to monitor the Company's insurance operations and investment portfolio.

The performance of the Company's insurance operations is monitored by management through core income (loss), which is derived from certain income statement amounts. The Company's investment portfolio is monitored by management through analysis of various factors including unrealized gains and losses on securities, portfolio duration and exposure to market and credit risk.

Core income (loss) is calculated by excluding from net income (loss) the after-tax effects of net investment gains or ~~losses and any cumulative effects of changes in accounting guidance.~~losses. The calculation of core income (loss) excludes net investment gains or losses because net investment gains or losses are generally driven by economic factors that are not necessarily reflective of our primary operations.

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The Company's results of operations and selected balance sheet items by segment are presented in the following tables.


Three months ended September 30, 2022		Specialty			Commercial				International				Life & Group				Corporate & Other
Three months ended March 31, 2023																			Three months ended March 31, 2023		Specialty					Commercial					International						Life & Group				Corporate & Other
(In millions)	(In millions)			Specialty							Commercial						International							Life & Group										Corporate & Other									Eliminations					Total			(In millions)											Eliminations	Total
Operating revenues	Operating revenues																					Operating revenues
Net earned premiums	Net earned premiums	$	810				$	1,023			$	270			$	118			$	—					$	—				$	2,221		Net earned premiums		$	797			$	1,046				$	290				$	115			$	—			$	—			$	2,248
Net investment income	Net investment income	102			112				16				187				5					—					422		Net investment income		129						149				23					214					10				—				525
Non-insurance warranty revenue	Non-insurance warranty revenue	399			—				—				—				—					—					399		Non-insurance warranty revenue		407						—				—					—					—				—				407
Other revenues	Other revenues	(1)			13				—				—				1					(2)					11		Other revenues		—						7				—					—					3				(3)				7
Total operating revenues	Total operating revenues	1,310			1,148				286				305				6					(2)					3,053		Total operating revenues		1,333						1,202				313					329					13				(3)				3,187
Claims, benefits and expenses	Claims, benefits and expenses																												Claims, benefits and expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits	Net incurred claims and benefits	459			733				169				310				(13)					—					1,658		Net incurred claims and benefits		465						688				189					311					(7)				—				1,646
Policyholders’ dividends	Policyholders’ dividends	2			5				—				—				—					—					7		Policyholders’ dividends		1						6				—					—					—				—				7
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	169			163				51				—				—					—					383		Amortization of deferred acquisition costs		165						169				45					—					—				—				379
Non-insurance warranty expense	Non-insurance warranty expense	371			—				—				—				—					—					371		Non-insurance warranty expense		384						—				—					—					—				—				384
Other insurance related expenses	Other insurance related expenses	88			145				35				29				1					(1)					297		Other insurance related expenses		86						142				47					29					1				—				305
Other expenses	Other expenses	15			3				11				2				47					(1)					77		Other expenses		14						6				1					1					41				(3)				60
Total claims, benefits and expenses	Total claims, benefits and expenses	1,104			1,049				266				341				35					(2)					2,793		Total claims, benefits and expenses		1,115						1,011				282					341					35				(3)				2,781
Core income (loss) before income tax	Core income (loss) before income tax	206			99				20				(36)				(29)					—					260		Core income (loss) before income tax		218						191				31					(12)					(22)				—				406
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)	Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)	(45)			(19)				(1)				14				4					—					(47)		Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)		(47)						(40)				(7)					9					4				—				(81)
Core income (loss)	Core income (loss)	$	161		$	80			$	19			$	(22)			$	(25)				$	—				213		Core income (loss)		$	171					$	151			$	24				$	(3)				$	(18)			$	—			325
Net investment gains (losses)	Net investment gains (losses)																										(96)		Net investment gains (losses)																														(35)
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)	Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)																										11		Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)																														7
Net investment gains (losses), after tax	Net investment gains (losses), after tax																										(85)		Net investment gains (losses), after tax																														(28)
Net income (loss)	Net income (loss)																										$	128	Net income (loss)																														$	297


March 31, 2023
(In millions)
Reinsurance receivables	$	1,419	$	1,118	$	442	$	102	$	2,425	$	—	$	5,506
Insurance receivables	1,008		1,754		388		5		—		—		3,155
Deferred acquisition costs	394		338		120		—		—		—		852
Goodwill	117		—		28		—		—		—		145
Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense	3,671		—		—		—		—		—		3,671
Insurance reserves
Claim and claim adjustment expenses	6,976		9,528		2,502		704		2,699		—		22,409
Unearned premiums	3,188		2,558		713		123		—		(1)		6,581
Future policy benefits	—		—		—		13,976		—		—		13,976
Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue	4,710		—		—		—		—		—		4,710

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Three months ended March 31, 2022	Specialty		Commercial		International		Life & Group (1)		Corporate & Other
(In millions)											Eliminations		Total (1)
Operating revenues
Net earned premiums	$	772	$	904	$	264	$	120	$	(1)	$	—	$	2,059
Net investment income	103		118		14		212		1		—		448
Non-insurance warranty revenue	382		—		—		—		—		—		382
Other revenues	1		8		(1)		(1)		2		(2)		7
Total operating revenues	1,258		1,030		277		331		2		(2)		2,896
Claims, benefits and expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits	445		573		158		304		(8)		—		1,472
Policyholders’ dividends	1		5		—		—		—		—		6
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	157		148		39		—		—		—		344
Non-insurance warranty expense	354		—		—		—		—		—		354
Other insurance related expenses	81		130		47		31		2		—		291
Other expenses	13		7		1		3		41		(2)		63
Total claims, benefits and expenses	1,051		863		245		338		35		(2)		2,530
Core income (loss) before income tax	207		167		32		(7)		(33)		—		366
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)	(44)		(35)		(6)		12		5		—		(68)
Core income (loss)	$	163	$	132	$	26	$	5	$	(28)	$	—	298
Net investment gains (losses)													(11)
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)													8
Net investment gains (losses), after tax													(3)
Net income (loss)													$	295


December 31, 2022
(In millions)
Reinsurance receivables	$	1,384	$	1,062	$	414	$	101	$	2,477	$	—	$	5,438
Insurance receivables	1,082		1,728		369		8		—		—		3,187
Deferred acquisition costs	381		321		104		—		—		—		806
Goodwill	117		—		27		—		—		—		144
Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense	3,671		—		—		—		—		—		3,671
Insurance reserves
Claim and claim adjustment expenses	6,878		9,395		2,403		695		2,749		—		22,120
Unearned premiums	3,193		2,425		653		103		—		—		6,374
Future policy benefits	—		—		—		13,480		—		—		13,480
Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue	4,714		—		—		—		—		—		4,714

Table of Contents

The following table presents operating revenues by line of business for each reportable segment.


Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2023		2022
Specialty
Management & Professional Liability	$	705	$	673
Surety	168		148
Warranty & Alternative Risks	460		437
Specialty revenues	1,333		1,258
Commercial
Middle Market	398		362
Construction	385		324
Small Business	150		138
Other Commercial	269		206
Commercial revenues	1,202		1,030
International
Canada	93		88
Europe	127		120
Hardy	93		69
International revenues	313		277
Life & Group revenues	329		331
Corporate & Other revenues	13		2
Eliminations	(3)		(2)
Total operating revenues	3,187		2,896
Net investment gains (losses)	(35)		(11)
Total revenues	$	3,152	$	2,885

~~Table of Contents~~

Three months ended September 30, 2021
Specialty
Commercial International Life &
Group Corporate
& Other
(In millions) Eliminations Total
Operating revenues
Net earned premiums $ 773 $ 893 $ 271 $ 123 $ — $ (1) $ 2,059
Net investment income 116 141 14 240 2 — 513
Non-insurance warranty revenue 357 — — — — — 357
Other revenues 1 7 — (1) 2 (1) 8
Total operating revenues 1,247 1,041 285 362 4 (2) 2,937
Claims, benefits and expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits 446 720 171 296 (6) — 1,627
Policyholders’ dividends — 5 — — — — 5
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs 165 148 55 — — — 368
Non-insurance warranty expense 330 — — — — — 330
Other insurance related expenses 71 125 32 27 (1) (1) 253
Other expenses 13 8 4 1 37 (1) 62
Total claims, benefits and expenses 1,025 1,006 262 324 30 (2) 2,645
Core income (loss) before income tax 222 35 23 38 (26) — 292
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss) (49) (8) (6) 3 5 — (55)
Core income (loss) $ 173 $ 27 $ 17 $ 41 $ (21) $ — 237
Net investment gains (losses) 22
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses) (3)
Net investment gains (losses), after tax 19
Net income (loss) $ 256

~~Table of Contents~~

Nine months ended September 30, 2022
Specialty
Commercial International Life &
Group Corporate
& Other
(In millions) Eliminations Total
Operating revenues
Net earned premiums $ 2,376 $ 2,901 $ 803 $ 356 $ (1) $ — $ 6,435
Net investment income 305 343 44 600 10 — 1,302
Non-insurance warranty revenue 1,173 — — — — — 1,173
Other revenues — 25 — — 4 (5) 24
Total operating revenues 3,854 3,269 847 956 13 (5) 8,934
Claims, benefits and expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits 1,360 1,916 487 884 36 — 4,683
Policyholders’ dividends 5 15 — — — — 20
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs 488 467 146 — — — 1,101
Non-insurance warranty expense 1,092 — — — — — 1,092
Other insurance related expenses 250 409 112 89 4 (1) 863
Other expenses 40 21 25 7 133 (4) 222
Total claims, benefits and expenses 3,235 2,828 770 980 173 (5) 7,981
Core income (loss) before income tax 619 441 77 (24) (160) — 953
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss) (134) (91) (14) 31 29 — (179)
Core income (loss) $ 485 $ 350 $ 63 $ 7 $ (131) $ — 774
Net investment gains (losses) (166)
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses) 38
Net investment gains (losses), after tax (128)
Net income (loss) $ 646

September 30, 2022
(In millions)
Reinsurance receivables $ 1,511 $ 952 $ 385 $ 453 $ 2,420 $ — $ 5,721
Insurance receivables 1,061 1,640 309 4 — — 3,014
Deferred acquisition costs 379 315 93 — — — 787
Goodwill 117 — 25 — — — 142
Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense 3,653 — — — — — 3,653
Insurance reserves
Claim and claim adjustment expenses 6,925 9,172 2,262 3,645 2,696 — 24,700
Unearned premiums 3,144 2,364 576 111 — — 6,195
Future policy benefits — — — 10,454 — — 10,454
Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue 4,706 — — — — — 4,706

~~Table of Contents~~

Nine months ended September 30, 2021
Specialty
Commercial International Life &
Group Corporate
& Other
(In millions) Eliminations Total
Operating revenues
Net earned premiums $ 2,270 $ 2,629 $ 789 $ 369 $ — $ (1) $ 6,056
Net investment income 367 463 42 724 12 — 1,608
Non-insurance warranty revenue 1,054 — — — — — 1,054
Other revenues 1 17 1 (1) 5 (4) 19
Total operating revenues 3,692 3,109 832 1,092 17 (5) 8,737
Claims, benefits and expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits 1,312 1,947 485 899 23 — 4,666
Policyholders’ dividends 2 16 — — — — 18
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs 478 449 157 — — — 1,084
Non-insurance warranty expense 973 — — — — — 973
Other insurance related expenses 212 376 106 77 9 (1) 779
Other expenses 36 28 (4) 5 119 (4) 180
Total claims, benefits and expenses 3,013 2,816 744 981 151 (5) 7,700
Core income (loss) before income tax 679 293 88 111 (134) — 1,037
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss) (148) (60) (21) 9 24 — (196)
Core income (loss) $ 531 $ 233 $ 67 $ 120 $ (110) $ — 841
Net investment gains (losses) 117
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses) (22)
Net investment gains (losses), after tax 95
Net income (loss) $ 936

December 31, 2021
(In millions)
Reinsurance receivables $ 1,200 $ 923 $ 381 $ 401 $ 2,579 $ — $ 5,484
Insurance receivables 1,136 1,488 340 6 4 — 2,974
Deferred acquisition costs 363 278 96 — — — 737
Goodwill 117 — 31 — — — 148
Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense 3,476 — — — — — 3,476
Insurance reserves
Claim and claim adjustment expenses 6,433 8,890 2,280 3,754 2,817 — 24,174
Unearned premiums 3,001 2,066 585 109 — — 5,761
Future policy benefits — — — 13,236 — — 13,236
Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue 4,503 — — — — — 4,503

~~Table of Contents~~

~~The following table presents operating revenues by line of business for each reportable segment.~~

Periods ended September 30 Three Months Nine Months
(In millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021
Specialty
Management & Professional Liability $ 688 $ 684 $ 2,041 $ 2,044
Surety 171 157 481 454
Warranty & Alternative Risks 451 406 1,332 1,194
Specialty revenues 1,310 1,247 3,854 3,692
Commercial
Middle Market 397 363 1,133 1,119
Construction 372 345 1,046 978
Small Business 149 144 430 413
Other Commercial 230 189 660 599
Commercial revenues 1,148 1,041 3,269 3,109
International
Canada 93 87 272 253
Europe 112 123 350 349
Hardy 81 75 225 230
International revenues 286 285 847 832
Life & Group revenues 305 362 956 1,092
Corporate & Other revenues 6 4 13 17
Eliminations (2) (2) (5) (5)
Total operating revenues 3,053 2,937 8,934 8,737
Net investment gains (losses) (96) 22 (166) 117
Total revenues $ 2,957 $ 2,959 $ 8,768 $ 8,854

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Note J.K. Non-Insurance Revenues from Contracts with Customers

The Company had deferred non-insurance warranty revenue balances of $4.7 billion ~~and $4.5 billion~~ reported in Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue as of ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. For the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized ~~$0.3 billion and $1.0~~$0.4 billion of revenues that were included in the deferred revenue balance as of January 1, 2023 and 2022. For the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2021, the Company recognized $0.3 billion~~March 31, 2023 and ~~$0.9 billion of revenues that were included in the deferred revenue balance as of January 1, 2021. For the three and nine months ended September 30,~~ 2022, ~~and 2021,~~ Non-insurance warranty revenue recognized from performance obligations related to prior periods due to a change in estimate was not material. The Company expects to recognize approximately ~~$0.5~~$1.2 billion of the deferred revenue in the remainder of ~~2022, $1.5~~2023, $1.1 billion in ~~2023, $1.2~~2024, $0.9 billion in ~~2024~~2025 and $1.5 billion thereafter.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) of Financial ~~Condition~~Conditions and Results of Operations

OVERVIEW

The following discussion highlights significant factors affecting the Company. References to “we,” “our,” “us” or like terms refer to the business of CNA.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q and Item 1A Risk Factors and Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

We utilize the core income (loss) financial measure to monitor our operations. Core income (loss) is calculated by excluding from net income (loss) the after-tax effects of net investment gains or ~~losses and any cumulative effects of changes in accounting guidance.~~losses. The calculation of core income (loss) excludes net investment gains or losses because net investment gains or losses are generally driven by economic factors that are not necessarily reflective of our primary operations. Management monitors core income (loss) for each business segment to assess segment performance. Presentation of consolidated core income (loss) is deemed to be a non-GAAP financial measure and management believes some investors may find this measure useful to evaluate our primary operations. See further discussion regarding how we manage our business in Note IJ to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1. For reconciliations of non-GAAP measures to the most comparable GAAP measures and other information, please refer herein and/or to CNA's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

In evaluating the results of our Specialty, Commercial and International segments, we utilize the loss ratio, the underlying loss ratio, ~~excluding catastrophes and development,~~ theexpense ratio, the dividend ratio, the combined ratio and the underlying combined ~~ratio excluding catastrophes and development.~~ratio. These ratios are calculated using GAAP financial results. The loss ratio is the percentage of net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses to net earned premiums. The underlying loss ratio ~~excluding catastrophes and development~~ excludes ~~catastrophes~~the impact of catastrophe losses and ~~changes in estimates of claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, net of reinsurance, for prior years~~development-related items from the loss ratio. Development-related items represents net prior year loss reserve and premium development, and includes the effects of interest accretion and change in allowance for uncollectible reinsurance and deductible amounts. The expense ratio is the percentage of insurance underwriting and acquisition expenses, including the amortization of deferred acquisition costs, to net earned premiums. The dividend ratio is the ratio of policyholders' dividends incurred to net earned premiums. The combined ratio is the sum of the loss, expense and dividend ratios. The underlying combined ratio ~~excluding catastrophes and development~~ is the sum of the underlying loss ratio, ~~excluding catastrophes and development,~~ the expense ratio and the dividend ratio. In addition, we also utilize renewal premium change, rate, retention and new business in evaluating operating trends. Renewal premium change represents the estimated change in average premium on policies that renew, including rate and exposure changes. Rate represents the average change in price on policies that renew excluding exposure change. For certain products within Small Business, where quantifiable, rate includes the influence of new business as well. Exposure represents the measure of risk used in the pricing of the insurance product. The change in exposure represents the change in premium dollars on policies that renew as a result of the change in risk of the policy. Retention represents the percentage of premium dollars renewed, excluding rate and exposure changes, in comparison to the expiring premium dollars from policies available to renew. ~~Renewal premium change, rate and retention presented for the prior year are updated to reflect subsequent activity on policies written in the period.~~ New business represents premiums from policies written with new customers and additional policies written with existing customers. Gross written premiums, excluding ~~third party~~third-party captives, excludes business which is ceded to ~~third party~~third-party captives, including business related to large warranty programs. We use underwriting gain (loss), calculated using GAAP financial results, to monitor our insurance operations. Underwriting gain (loss) is pretax and is calculated as net earned premiums less total insurance expenses, which includes insurance claims and policyholders' benefits, amortization of deferred acquisition costs and other insurance related expenses.

Changes in estimates of claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, net of reinsurance, for prior years are defined as net prior year loss reserve development within this MD&A. These changes can be favorable or unfavorable. Net prior year loss reserve development does not include the effect of any related acquisition expenses. Further information on our reserves is provided in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the amount of revenues and expenses reported during the period. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with GAAP applied on a consistent basis. We continually evaluate the accounting policies and estimates used to prepare the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. In general, our estimates are based on historical experience, evaluation of current trends, information from third-party professionals and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the known facts and circumstances.

The accounting estimates discussed below are considered by us to be critical to an understanding of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as their application places the most significant demands on our judgment:

•Insurance Reserves

•Long Term Care Reserves

•Reinsurance and Insurance Receivables

•Valuation of Investments and Impairment of Securities

•Income Taxes

Due to the inherent uncertainties involved with these types of judgments, actual results could differ significantly from our estimates and may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition, equity, business, and insurer financial strength and corporate debt ratings.

See the Critical Accounting Estimates section of our Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included under Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021~~2022 for further ~~information.~~information on the accounting estimates related to Reinsurance and Insurance Receivables, Valuation of Investments and Impairment of Securities and Income Taxes.

The information presented below restates in their entirety, as a result of the adoption of ASU 2018-12 and its impact on long term care reserves, the accounting estimates related to Insurance Reserves and Long Term Care Reservesincluded under the Critical Accounting Estimates section of our Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included under Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Further information on the long term care reserving process under the new guidance is included in Note A and Note F to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item I.

Insurance Reserves

Insurance reserves are established for both short and long-duration insurance contracts. Short-duration contracts are primarily related to property and casualty insurance policies where the reserving process is based on actuarial estimates of the amount of loss, including amounts for known and unknown claims. Long-duration contracts are primarily related to long term care policies and the reserves are recorded as Future policy benefits reserves as discussed below. The reserve for unearned premiums represents the portion of premiums written related to the unexpired terms of coverage. The reserving process is discussed in further detail in the Reserves - Estimates and Uncertainties section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Long Term Care Reserves

Future policy benefits reserves for our long term care policies are based on certain assumptions, including morbidity, persistency (inclusive of mortality), future premium rate increases, and expenses. The adequacy of the reserves is contingent upon actual experience and our future expectations related to these key assumptions. If actual or expected future experience differs from these assumptions, the reserves may not be adequate, requiring us to increase reserves. The reserves are discounted using upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yields as of each reporting date. In addition, we may not receive regulatory approval for the level of premium rate increases we request.

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These changes to our reserves could materially adversely impact our results of operations, financial condition and equity.

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CONSOLIDATED OPERATIONS

Results of Operations

The following table includes the consolidated results of our operations including our financial measure, core income (loss). For more detailed components of our business operations and a discussion of the core income (loss) financial measure, see the Segment Results section within this MD&A. For further discussion of Net investment income and Net investment gains or losses, see the Investments section of this MD&A.


Periods ended September 30		Three Months				Nine Months
Three months ended March 31										Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021		(In millions)	2023		2022 (1)
Operating Revenues	Operating Revenues									Operating Revenues
Net earned premiums	Net earned premiums	$	2,221	$	2,059	$	6,435	$	6,056	Net earned premiums	$	2,248	$	2,059
Net investment income	Net investment income	422		513		1,302		1,608		Net investment income	525		448
Non-insurance warranty revenue	Non-insurance warranty revenue	399		357		1,173		1,054		Non-insurance warranty revenue	407		382
Other revenues	Other revenues	11		8		24		19		Other revenues	7		7
Total operating revenues	Total operating revenues	3,053		2,937		8,934		8,737		Total operating revenues	3,187		2,896
Claims, Benefits and Expenses	Claims, Benefits and Expenses									Claims, Benefits and Expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits		1,658		1,627		4,683		4,666
Net incurred claims and benefits (re-measurement gain (loss) of $1 and $5)										Net incurred claims and benefits (re-measurement gain (loss) of $1 and $5)	1,646		1,472
Policyholders' dividends	Policyholders' dividends	7		5		20		18		Policyholders' dividends	7		6
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	383		368		1,101		1,084		Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	379		344
Non-insurance warranty expense	Non-insurance warranty expense	371		330		1,092		973		Non-insurance warranty expense	384		354
Other insurance related expenses	Other insurance related expenses	297		253		863		779		Other insurance related expenses	305		291
Other expenses	Other expenses	77		62		222		180		Other expenses	60		63
Total claims, benefits and expenses	Total claims, benefits and expenses	2,793		2,645		7,981		7,700		Total claims, benefits and expenses	2,781		2,530
Core income before income tax	Core income before income tax	260		292		953		1,037		Core income before income tax	406		366
Income tax expense on core income	Income tax expense on core income	(47)		(55)		(179)		(196)		Income tax expense on core income	(81)		(68)
Core income	Core income	213		237		774		841		Core income	325		298
Net investment (losses) gains		(96)		22		(166)		117
Income tax benefit (expense) on net investment (losses) gains		11		(3)		38		(22)
Net investment (losses) gains, after tax		(85)		19		(128)		95
Net investment losses										Net investment losses	(35)		(11)
Income tax benefit on net investment losses										Income tax benefit on net investment losses	7		8
Net investment losses, after tax										Net investment losses, after tax	(28)		(3)
Net income	Net income	$	128	$	256	$	646	$	936	Net income	$	297	$	295

~~Three Month Comparison~~(1) As of January 1, 2023, we adopted ASU 2018-12 using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts presented in the financial statements have been adjusted to reflect application of the new guidance. See Note A to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Core income ~~decreased $24~~increased $27 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 as compared with the same period in ~~2021.~~2022. Core income for our Property & Casualty Operations increased ~~$43~~$25 million primarily due to ~~improved underwriting results and~~ higher net investment income ~~from fixed income securities~~and improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting results partially offset by ~~lower~~higher catastrophe losses and unfavorable net ~~investment income from limited partnerships and common stock results.~~prior year loss reserve development. Core results for our Life & Group segment decreased ~~$63~~$8 million, while core loss for our Corporate & Other segment ~~increased $4~~improved $10 million.

Catastrophe losses were ~~$114~~$52 million and ~~$178~~$19 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and 2021. Catastrophe losses for the three months ended September 30, 2022 were related to severe weather related events, including $87 million for Hurricane Ian. Catastrophe losses for the three months ended September 30, 2021 included $114 million for Hurricane Ida. Favorable2022. Unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development of ~~$17 million and $10~~$13 million was recorded for the three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2023 as compared with favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $12 million recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2022 ~~and 2021~~ related to our Specialty, Commercial and International segments. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~Nine Month Comparison~~

~~Core income decreased $67 million~~Results for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2021. Core income for~~March 31, 2023 were impacted by unfavorable net pension costs related to our ~~Property & Casualty Operations increased $67 million~~legacy United States of America (U.S.) pension plan primarily due to ~~improved underwriting results and~~ higher ~~net investment income from fixed income securities partially offset by~~interest cost on projected benefit obligations as a result of an increase in discount rates year over year, as well as a lower ~~net investment income from limited partnerships and common stock results. Core income for~~expected return on plan assets as a result of a lower plan asset base given actual asset returns in 2022. A portion of this additional cost has resulted in an unfavorable impact on our ~~Life & Group segment decreased $113 million while core loss for our Corporate & Other segment increased $21 million.~~

~~Catastrophe losses were $171 million and $357 million~~expense ratio for the ~~nine~~three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. Catastrophe losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were primarily related to severe weather related events, including $87 million for Hurricane Ian. Catastrophe losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were driven by severe weather related events, primarily Hurricane Ida and Winter Storms Uri and Viola. FavorableMarch 31, 2023. The components of our net prior year loss reserve development of $2 million was recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development of $4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 related to our Specialty, Commercial, International and Corporate & Other segments. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development isperiodic pension cost (benefit) are presented in Note EH to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.I.

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SEGMENT RESULTS

The following discusses the results of operations for our business segments. Our property and casualty commercial insurance operations are managed and reported in three business segments: Specialty, Commercial and International, which we refer to collectively as Property & Casualty Operations. Our operations outside of Property & Casualty Operations are managed and reported in two segments: Life & Group and Corporate & Other.

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Specialty

The following table details the results of operations for Specialty.

Periods ended September 30 Three Months Nine Months
(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention) 2022 2021 2022 2021
Gross written premiums $ 1,890 $ 1,953 $ 5,640 $ 5,650
Gross written premiums excluding third-party captives 958 943 2,816 2,656
Net written premiums 840 822 2,443 2,350
Net earned premiums 810 773 2,376 2,270
Net investment income 102 116 305 367
Core income 161 173 485 531
Other performance metrics:
Loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development 58.4 % 59.1 % 58.6 % 59.1 %
Effect of catastrophe impacts 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.4
Effect of development-related items (1.9) (1.8) (1.4) (1.7)
Loss ratio 56.7 57.7 57.3 57.8
Expense ratio 31.7 30.6 31.0 30.4
Dividend ratio 0.3 (0.1) 0.2 0.1
Combined ratio 88.7 % 88.2 % 88.5 % 88.3 %
Combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development 90.4 % 89.6 % 89.8 % 89.6 %
Rate 5 % 10 % 7 % 11 %
Renewal premium change 6 11 8 12
Retention 87 80 86 84
New business $ 130 $ 147 $ 407 $ 370

~~Three Month Comparison~~


Three months ended March 31
(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention)	2023			2022
Gross written premiums	$	1,780		$	1,846
Gross written premiums excluding third-party captives	886			885
Net written premiums	788			771
Net earned premiums	797			772
Underwriting gain	80			88
Net investment income	129			103
Core income	171			163

Other performance metrics:
Loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development	58.4		%	58.9		%
Effect of catastrophe impacts	—			—
Effect of development-related items	—			(1.3)
Loss ratio	58.4			57.6
Expense ratio	31.4			30.9
Dividend ratio	0.2			0.2
Combined ratio	90.0		%	88.7		%
Combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development	90.0		%	90.0		%

Rate	2		%	10		%
Renewal premium change	4			11
Retention	88			84
New business	$	108		$	145

Gross written premiums, excluding third-party captives, for Specialty for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were largely consistent with the same period in 2022. Net written premiums for Specialty increased ~~$15~~$17 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 as compared with the same period in ~~2021 driven by retention and rate. Net written premiums for Specialty increased $18 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2021.~~2022. The increase in net earned premiums was consistent with the trend in net written premiums.

Core income ~~decreased $12~~increased $8 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 as compared with the same period in ~~2021~~2022 primarily due to ~~lower~~higher net investment income ~~driven~~partially offset by ~~limited partnership and common stock results.~~no net prior year loss reserve development recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with favorable net prior year loss reserve development recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

The combined ratio of ~~88.7%~~90.0% increased ~~0.5~~1.3 points for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 as compared with the same period in ~~2021 primarily~~2022 due to a ~~1.1~~0.8 point increase in the loss ratio and a 0.5 point increase in the expense ~~ratio largely offset by a 1.0 point improvement in the loss~~ ratio. The increase ~~in the expense ratio was largely due to higher underwriting expenses driven by investments in technology and talent. The improvement~~ in the loss ratio was primarily driven by no net prior year loss reserve development recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with $10 million of favorable net prior year loss reserve development recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2022, partially offset by improved current accident year underwriting results. ~~Catastrophe~~There were no catastrophe losses ~~were $1 million, or 0.2 points of the loss ratio,~~ for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022, as compared with $3 million, or 0.4 points of~~March 31, 2023 and 2022. The increase in the ~~loss~~expense ratio ~~for the three months ended September 30, 2021.~~was primarily driven by employee related costs.

~~Favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $15 million was recorded for each of the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.~~ Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

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~~Nine Month Comparison~~The following table summarizes the gross and net carried reserves for Specialty.


(In millions)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Gross case reserves	$	1,444	$	1,529
Gross IBNR reserves	5,532		5,349
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	6,976	$	6,878
Net case reserves	$	1,247	$	1,310
Net IBNR reserves	4,393		4,253
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	5,640	$	5,563

Table of Contents

Commercial

The following table details the results of operations for Commercial.


Three months ended March 31
(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention)	2023			2022
Gross written premiums	$	1,442		$	1,208
Gross written premiums excluding third-party captives	1,440			1,206
Net written premiums	1,188			1,001
Net earned premiums	1,046			904
Underwriting gain	41			48
Net investment income	149			118
Core income	151			132

Other performance metrics:
Loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development	61.5		%	61.5		%
Effect of catastrophe impacts	4.2			1.8
Effect of development-related items	—			—
Loss ratio	65.7			63.3
Expense ratio	29.8			30.7
Dividend ratio	0.5			0.5
Combined ratio	96.0		%	94.5		%
Combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development	91.8		%	92.7		%

Rate	7		%	5		%
Renewal premium change	9			8
Retention	86			87
New business	$	310		$	228

Gross written premiums ~~excluding third-party captives,~~ for ~~Specialty~~Commercial increased ~~$160~~$234 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 as compared with the same period in ~~2021~~2022 driven by ~~retention and~~ higher new ~~business.~~business and rate. Net written premiums for ~~Specialty~~Commercial increased ~~$93~~$187 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 as compared with the same period in ~~2021.~~2022. The increase in net earned premiums was consistent with the trend in net written premiums.

Core income ~~decreased $46~~increased $19 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 as compared with the same period in ~~2021 primarily due to lower~~2022, driven by higher net investment income ~~driven~~and improved non-catastrophe underwriting results partially offset by ~~limited partnership and common stock results.~~higher catastrophe losses.

The combined ratio of ~~88.5%~~96.0% increased ~~0.2~~1.5 points for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 as compared with the same period in ~~2021 primarily~~2022 due to a ~~0.6 point~~2.4 increase in the ~~expense~~loss ratio ~~largely~~partially offset by a ~~0.5~~0.9 point improvement in the ~~loss~~expense ratio. The increase in the ~~expense ratio was largely due to higher underwriting expenses driven by investments in technology and talent. The improvement in the~~ loss ratio was ~~primarily~~ driven by ~~improved current accident year underwriting results.~~higher catastrophe losses. Catastrophe losses were $2$44 million, or ~~0.1 point of the loss ratio, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared with $9 million, or 0.4~~4.2 points of the loss ratio, for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2021.~~March 31, 2023, as compared with $16 million, or 1.8 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The improvement in the expense ratio was driven by higher net earned premiums partially offset by employee related costs.

Favorable net prior year loss reserve development of ~~$35 million and $40~~$2 million was recorded for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and ~~2021.~~2022. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

Table of Contents

The following table summarizes the gross and net carried reserves for ~~Specialty.~~Commercial.


(In millions)	(In millions)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021		(In millions)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Gross case reserves	Gross case reserves	$	1,482	$	1,578	Gross case reserves	$	3,213	$	3,156
Gross IBNR reserves	Gross IBNR reserves	5,443		4,855		Gross IBNR reserves	6,315		6,239
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	6,925	$	6,433	Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	9,528	$	9,395
Net case reserves	Net case reserves	$	1,268	$	1,338	Net case reserves	$	2,825	$	2,809
Net IBNR reserves	Net IBNR reserves	4,217		3,927		Net IBNR reserves	5,700		5,621
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	5,485	$	5,265	Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	8,525	$	8,430

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~~Commercial~~International

The following table details the results of operations for ~~Commercial.~~International.

Periods ended September 30 Three Months Nine Months
(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention) 2022 2021 2022 2021
Gross written premiums $ 1,187 $ 1,010 $ 3,824 $ 3,284
Gross written premiums excluding third-party captives 1,184 1,005 3,711 3,176
Net written premiums 962 831 3,097 2,622
Net earned premiums 1,023 893 2,901 2,629
Net investment income 112 141 343 463
Core income 80 27 350 233
Other performance metrics:
Loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development 61.5 % 61.5 % 61.5 % 60.8 %
Effect of catastrophe impacts 10.0 18.6 5.0 12.6
Effect of development-related items — 0.5 (0.5) 0.6
Loss ratio 71.5 80.6 66.0 74.0
Expense ratio 29.9 30.4 30.1 31.4
Dividend ratio 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6
Combined ratio 101.9 % 111.6 % 96.6 % 106.0 %
Combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development 91.9 % 92.5 % 92.1 % 92.8 %
Rate 4 % 6 % 5 % 8 %
Renewal premium change 8 9 8 11
Retention 84 83 86 82
New business $ 246 $ 204 $ 754 $ 615

~~Three Month Comparison~~


Three months ended March 31
(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention)	2023			2022
Gross written premiums	$	398		$	363
Net written premiums	271			251
Net earned premiums	290			264
Underwriting gain	9			20
Net investment income	23			14
Core income	24			26

Other performance metrics:
Loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development	57.5		%	58.6		%
Effect of catastrophe impacts	2.8			1.2
Effect of development-related items	5.1			—
Loss ratio	65.4			59.8
Expense ratio	31.8			32.6
Combined ratio	97.2		%	92.4		%
Combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development	89.3		%	91.2		%

Rate	4		%	9		%
Renewal premium change	8			12
Retention	83			73
New business	$	85		$	78

Gross written premiums for ~~Commercial~~International increased ~~$177~~$35 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 as compared with the same period in ~~2021~~2022. Excluding the effect of foreign currency exchange rates, gross written premiums increased $55 million driven by retention and higher new ~~business and rate.~~business. Net written premiums for ~~Commercial~~International increased ~~$131~~$20 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 as compared with the same period in ~~2021.~~2022. Excluding the effect of foreign currency exchange rates, net written premiums increased $35 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the same period in 2022. The increase in net earned premiums was consistent with the trend in net written premiums.

Core income ~~increased $53 million~~ for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 was largely consistent with the same period in 2022.

The combined ratio of 97.2% increased 4.8 points for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the same period in 2021, driven by lower catastrophe losses and improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting results partially offset by lower net investment income driven by limited partnership and common stock results.

~~The combined ratio of 101.9% improved 9.7 points for the three months ended September 30,~~ 2022 ~~as compared with the same period in 2021 primarily~~ due to a ~~9.1~~5.6 point ~~improvement~~increase in the loss ratio ~~and~~partially offset by a ~~0.5~~0.8 point improvement in the expense ratio. The ~~improvement~~increase in the loss ratio was ~~primarily~~largely driven by ~~lower catastrophe losses.~~unfavorable net prior period loss reserve development. Catastrophe losses were ~~$103~~$8 million, or ~~10.0~~2.8 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, as compared with ~~$166~~$3 million, or ~~18.6~~1.2 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2021.~~March 31, 2022. The improvement in the expense ratio ~~of 0.5 points~~ was largely driven by higher net earned ~~premiums and lower acquisition costs partially offset by an increase in underwriting expenses.~~premiums.

~~Favorable~~Unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development of $2$15 million was recorded for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 as compared with ~~unfavorable~~no net prior year loss reserve development ~~of $2 million~~ for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2021.~~March 31, 2022. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

Table of Contents

~~Nine Month Comparison~~

Gross written premiums for Commercial increased $540 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2021 driven by higher new business and retention. Net written premiums for Commercial increased $475 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2021. The prior period included a one-time written premium catch-up resulting from the addition of a quota share treaty to our property reinsurance program. Excluding the impact of the prior period written premium catch-up, net written premiums increased $363 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2021. The increase in net earned premiums was consistent with the trend in net written premiums.

Core income increased $117 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2021 driven by lower catastrophe losses and improved non-catastrophe underwriting results partially offset by lower net investment income driven by limited partnership and common stock results.

The combined ratio of 96.6% improved 9.4 points for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2021 primarily due to a 8.0 point improvement in the loss ratio and a 1.3 point improvement in the expense ratio. The improvement in the loss ratio was driven by lower catastrophe losses and favorable net prior year loss reserve development. Catastrophe losses were $148 million, or 5.0 points of the loss ratio, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared with $332 million, or 12.6 points of the loss ratio, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development improved 0.7 points for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2021. The improvement in the expense ratio of 1.3 points was driven by higher net earned premiums and lower acquisition costs partially offset by an increase in underwriting expenses. The loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development increased 0.7 points primarily driven by a shift in mix of business associated with the property quota share treaty purchased during June of 2021. Our property coverages, which have a lower underlying loss ratio than most other commercial coverages, now represent a smaller proportion of net earned premiums.

Favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $26 million was recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development of $2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

~~The following table summarizes the gross and net carried reserves for Commercial.~~

(In millions) September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Gross case reserves $ 3,074 $ 3,184
Gross IBNR reserves 6,098 5,706
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves $ 9,172 $ 8,890
Net case reserves $ 2,748 $ 2,850
Net IBNR reserves 5,557 5,215
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves $ 8,305 $ 8,065

~~Table of Contents~~

~~International~~

~~The following table details the results of operations for International.~~

Periods ended September 30 Three Months Nine Months
(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention) 2022 2021 2022 2021
Gross written premiums $ 288 $ 276 $ 1,033 $ 958
Net written premiums 258 256 839 783
Net earned premiums 270 271 803 789
Net investment income 16 14 44 42
Core income 19 17 63 67
Other performance metrics:
Loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development 58.6 % 58.9 % 58.6 % 59.2 %
Effect of catastrophe impacts 4.1 3.4 2.7 2.0
Effect of development-related items — 1.1 (0.6) 0.3
Loss ratio 62.7 63.4 60.7 61.5
Expense ratio 31.7 32.1 32.1 33.3
Combined ratio 94.4 % 95.5 % 92.8 % 94.8 %
Combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development 90.3 % 91.0 % 90.7 % 92.5 %
Rate 6 % 13 % 7 % 14 %
Renewal premium change 12 13 11 13
Retention 82 79 79 77
New business $ 79 $ 54 $ 245 $ 204

~~Three Month Comparison~~

Gross written premiums for International increased $12 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2021. Excluding the effect of foreign currency exchange rates, gross written premiums increased $31 million driven by higher new business and rate. Net written premiums for International increased $2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2021. Excluding the effect of foreign currency exchange rates, net written premiums increased $19 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2021. Net earned premiums were consistent with the same period in 2021.

Core income improved $2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2021 driven by improved underwriting results partially offset by an unfavorable impact from changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

The combined ratio of 94.4% improved 1.1 points for the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2021 due to a 0.7 point improvement in the loss ratio and a 0.4 point improvement in the expense ratio. The improvement in the loss ratio was primarily due to improved non-catastrophe underwriting results. Catastrophe losses were $10 million, or 4.1 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended September 30, 2022, as compared with $9 million, or 3.4 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The improvement in the expense ratio of 0.4 points was primarily driven by lower acquisition costs partially offset by an increase in underwriting expenses.

There was no net prior year loss reserve development recorded for the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development of $3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

~~Table of Contents~~

~~Nine Month Comparison~~

Gross written premiums for International increased $75 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2021. Excluding the effect of foreign currency exchange rates, gross written premiums increased $121 million driven by higher new business and retention. Net written premiums for International increased $56 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2021. Excluding the effect of foreign currency exchange rates, net written premiums increased $97 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2021. The increase in net earned premiums was consistent with the trend in net written premiums.

Core income decreased $4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2021 driven by an unfavorable impact from changes in foreign currency exchange rates partially offset by improved underwriting results.

The combined ratio of 92.8% improved 2.0 points for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2021 due to a 1.2 point improvement in the expense ratio and a 0.8 point improvement in the loss ratio. The improvement in the expense ratio was primarily driven by lower acquisition costs. The improvement in the loss ratio was driven by improved non-catastrophe underwriting results partially offset by higher net catastrophe losses. Catastrophe losses were $21 million, or 2.7 points of the loss ratio, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared with $16 million, or 2.0 points of the loss ratio, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $5 million was recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development of $2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

The following table summarizes the gross and net carried reserves for International.


(In millions)	(In millions)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021		(In millions)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Gross case reserves	Gross case reserves	$	802	$	859	Gross case reserves	$	822	$	817
Gross IBNR reserves	Gross IBNR reserves	1,460		1,421		Gross IBNR reserves	1,680		1,586
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	2,262	$	2,280	Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	2,502	$	2,403
Net case reserves	Net case reserves	$	692	$	744	Net case reserves	$	678	$	686
Net IBNR reserves	Net IBNR reserves	1,192		1,196		Net IBNR reserves	1,425		1,317
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	1,884	$	1,940	Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	2,103	$	2,003

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Life & Group

The following table summarizes the results of operations for Life & Group.

Periods ended September 30 Three Months Nine Months
(In millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021
Net earned premiums $ 118 $ 123 $ 356 $ 369
Net investment income 187 240 600 724
Core (loss) income before income tax (36) 38 (24) 111
Income tax benefit on core income 14 3 31 9
Core (loss) income (22) 41 7 120

~~Three Month Comparison~~


Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2023		2022 (1)
Net earned premiums	$	115	$	120
Net investment income	214		212
Core loss before income tax	(12)		(7)
Income tax benefit on core loss	9		12
Core (loss) income	(3)		5

(1) As of January 1, 2023, we adopted ASU 2018-12 using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts presented in the financial statements have been adjusted to reflect application of the new guidance. See Note A and Note F to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Core results decreased ~~$63~~$8 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 as compared with the same period in ~~2021~~2022 primarily due to ~~a $54 million pretax decline in net investment income from limited partnerships.~~

Life & Group results for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 included no unlocking event for future policy benefit reserves as a result of the gross premium valuation (GPV). Core loss for the three months ended September 30, 2022 included a $25 million pretax favorable impact from the reduction in long term care claim reserves resulting from the annual claim reserve review in the third quarter of 2022. The favorable impact was driven by a $107 million release of all remaining incurred but not reported (IBNR) reserves established during 2020 and 2021 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic partially offset by an $82 million unfavorable impact from higher claim severity, including utilization and cost of care inflation, than anticipated in the reserve estimates. The annual structured settlement claim reserve review resulted in a $5 million pretax favorable impact from the reduction in reserves due to discount rate assumption changes. Core income for the three months ended September 30, 2021 included a $40 million pretax favorable impact from the reduction in long term care claim reserves resulting from the annual claim reserve reviews in the third quarter of 2021.

~~Nine Month Comparison~~

~~Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were generally consistent with the three month summary above.~~

~~Life & Group Policyholder Reserves~~

~~Annually, in the third quarter, management assesses the adequacy of its long term care future~~ policy benefit reserves by performing a GPV to determine if there is a premium deficiency. See Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1 for further information on the reserving process.buyouts.

~~Table of Contents~~

The September 30, 2022 GPV indicated that our recorded reserves included a margin of approximately $125 million. A summary of the changes in the estimated reserve margin is presented in the table below:


~~Long Term Care Active Life Reserve - Change in estimated reserve margin (In millions)~~
~~September 30, 2021 Estimated Margin~~	$	72
~~Changes in underlying economic assumptions~~ ~~(1)~~	~~(130)~~
~~Changes in underlying morbidity assumptions~~	~~(30)~~
~~Changes in underlying persistency assumptions~~	40
~~Changes in underlying premium rate action assumptions~~	~~190~~
~~Changes in underlying expense and other assumptions~~	~~(17)~~
~~September 30, 2022 Estimated Margin~~	$	~~125~~

~~(1)~~ ~~Economic assumptions include the impact of interest rates and cost of care inflation~~

The increase in the margin in 2022 was primarily driven by changes in discount rate assumptions due to higher near-term expected reinvestment rates and higher than previously estimated rate increases on active rate increase programs. These favorable drivers were partially offset by changes in cost of care inflation assumptions.

~~The Company has determined that additional future policy benefit reserves for profits followed by losses are not currently required based on the most recent projection.~~

The table below summarizes the estimated pretax impact on our results of operations from various hypothetical revisions to our future policy benefit reserve assumptions. The annual GPV process involves updating all assumptions to management's then current best estimate, and historically all significant assumptions have been revised each year. In the table below, we have assumed that revisions to such assumptions would occur in each policy type, age and duration within each policy group. The impact of each sensitivity is discrete and does not reflect the impact one factor may have on another or the mitigating impact from management actions, which may include additional future premium rate increases. Although such hypothetical revisions are not currently required or anticipated, we believe they could occur based on past variances in experience and our expectations of the ranges of future experience that could reasonably occur. Any required increase in the recorded reserves resulting from a hypothetical revision in the table below would first reduce the margin in our carried reserves before it would affect results from operations. Any actual adjustment would be dependent on the specific policies affected and, therefore, may differ from the estimates summarized below. The estimated impacts to results of operations in the table below are after consideration of the existing margin.


~~September 30, 2022~~
	~~Estimated reduction to pretax income~~
~~Hypothetical revisions (In millions)~~
~~Morbidity:(1)~~
~~2.5% increase in morbidity~~	$	~~200~~
~~5% increase in morbidity~~	~~500~~
~~Persistency:~~
~~5% decrease in active life mortality and lapse~~	$	~~100~~
~~10% decrease in active life mortality and lapse~~	~~300~~
~~Discount Rates:~~
~~25 basis point decline in new money interest rates~~	$	—
~~50 basis point decline in new money interest rates~~	~~100~~

~~(1)~~ ~~Represents a sensitivity in future paid claims.~~

~~Table of Contents~~

~~The following table summarizes policyholder reserves for Life & Group.~~

September 30, 2022
(In millions) Claim and claim adjustment expenses Future policy benefits Total
Long term care $ 2,959 $ 10,109 $ 13,068
Structured settlement annuities 512 — 512
Other 9 — 9
Total 3,480 10,109 13,589
Shadow adjustments (1)
59 — 59
Ceded reserves (2)
106 346 452
Total gross reserves $ 3,645 $ 10,455 $ 14,100

December 31, 2021
(In millions) Claim and claim adjustment expenses Future policy benefits Total
Long term care $ 2,905 $ 10,012 $ 12,917
Structured settlement annuities 526 — 526
Other 10 — 10
Total 3,441 10,012 13,453
Shadow adjustments (1)
200 2,936 3,136
Ceded reserves (2)
113 288 401
Total gross reserves $ 3,754 $ 13,236 $ 16,990

(1) To the extent there are unrealized gains on fixed income securities supporting the reserves of certain products within the Life & Group segment that would result in a premium deficiency, or would impact the reserve balance, if realized, a related increase in Insurance reserves is recorded as a reduction of net unrealized gains (losses), net of tax, through Other comprehensive income (loss) (Shadow Adjustments).

~~(2) Ceded reserves relate to claim or policy reserves fully reinsured in connection with a sale or exit from the underlying business.~~

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Corporate & Other

The following table summarizes the results of operations for the Corporate & Other segment, including intersegment eliminations.

Periods ended September 30 Three Months Nine Months
(In millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021
Net investment income $ 5 $ 2 $ 10 $ 12
Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits (13) (6) 36 23
Interest expense 28 28 84 84
Core loss (25) (21) (131) (110)

~~Three Month Comparison~~


Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2023		2022
Net investment income	$	10	$	1
Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits	(7)		(8)
Interest expense	28		28
Core loss	(18)		(28)

Core loss ~~increased $4~~decreased $10 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 as compared with the same period in ~~2021.~~

~~Nine Month Comparison~~

~~Core loss increased $21 million for the nine months ended September 30,~~ 2022 ~~as compared with the same~~

~~period in 2021~~ driven by higher net prior year loss reserve development associated with legacy mass tort abuse claims and an increase in expenses as a result of continued investments in technology infrastructure and security. These results were partially offset by the prior period recognition of a $12 million after-tax loss resulting from the legacy Excess Workers' Compensation (EWC) Loss Portfolio Transfer (LPT). Net prior year loss reserve development is further discussed in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item I.investment income.

The following table summarizes the gross and net carried reserves for Corporate & Other.


(In millions)	(In millions)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021		(In millions)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Gross case reserves	Gross case reserves	$	1,479	$	1,551	Gross case reserves	$	1,434	$	1,428
Gross IBNR reserves	Gross IBNR reserves	1,217		1,266		Gross IBNR reserves	1,265		1,321
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	2,696	$	2,817	Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	2,699	$	2,749
Net case reserves	Net case reserves	$	139	$	146	Net case reserves	$	137	$	137
Net IBNR reserves	Net IBNR reserves	201		148		Net IBNR reserves	193		202
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	340	$	294	Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	330	$	339

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INVESTMENTS

Net Investment Income

The significant components of Net investment income are presented in the following table. Fixed income securities, as presented, include both fixed maturity securities and non-redeemable preferred stock.


Periods ended September 30		Three Months						Nine Months
Three Months Ended March 31														Three Months Ended March 31
(In millions)	(In millions)	2022			2021			2022			2021			(In millions)	2023			2022
Fixed income securities:	Fixed income securities:													Fixed income securities:
Taxable fixed income securities	Taxable fixed income securities	$	410		$	360		$	1,163		$	1,075		Taxable fixed income securities	$	430		$	368
Tax-exempt fixed income securities	Tax-exempt fixed income securities	55			77			194			236			Tax-exempt fixed income securities	49			73
Total fixed income securities	Total fixed income securities	465			437			1,357			1,311			Total fixed income securities	479			441

Limited partnership and common stock investments	Limited partnership and common stock investments	(44)			77			(51)			294			Limited partnership and common stock investments	28			8
Other, net of investment expense	Other, net of investment expense	1			(1)			(4)			3			Other, net of investment expense	18			(1)
Net investment income	Net investment income	$	422		$	513		$	1,302		$	1,608		Net investment income	$	525		$	448

Effective income yield for the fixed income securities portfolio	Effective income yield for the fixed income securities portfolio	4.4		%	4.3		%	4.3		%	4.3		%	Effective income yield for the fixed income securities portfolio	4.6		%	4.3		%
Limited partnership and common stock return	Limited partnership and common stock return	(2.1)		%	3.8		%	(2.4)		%	16.4		%	Limited partnership and common stock return	1.3		%	0.4		%

Net investment income decreased $91 million and $306 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with the same periods in 2021 driven by unfavorable limited partnership and common stock results partially offset by higher income from fixed income securities.

~~Net Investment Gains (Losses)~~

~~The components of Net investment gains (losses) are presented in the following table.~~

Periods ended September 30 Three Months Nine Months
(In millions) 2022 2021 2022 2021
Fixed maturity securities: (1)
Corporate and other bonds $ (41) $ 36 $ (68) $ 115
States, municipalities and political subdivisions 6 1 28 —
Asset-backed (17) (15) (29) (24)
Total fixed maturity securities (52) 22 (69) 91
Non-redeemable preferred stock (2) (2) (111) 17
Derivatives, short term and other (34) 2 22 9
Mortgage loans (8) — (8) —
Net investment (losses) gains (96) 22 (166) 117
Income tax benefit (expense) on net investment (losses) gains 11 (3) 38 (22)
Net investment (losses) gains, after tax $ (85) $ 19 $ (128) $ 95

~~(1) Excludes the loss in the third quarter of 2022 on the assets supporting the funds withheld liability, which is reflected in the Derivatives, short term and other line.~~

~~Pretax net investment results decreased $118~~increased $77 million for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 as compared with the same period in ~~2021.~~2022 driven by higher income from fixed income securities and other, and higher limited partnership and common stock returns.

Net Investment (Losses) Gains

The components of Net investment (losses) gains are presented in the following table.


Three Months Ended March 31
(In millions)	2023		2022
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate bonds and other	$	(23)	$	3
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	10		3
Asset-backed	(9)		(8)
Total fixed maturity securities	(22)		(2)
Non-redeemable preferred stock	(14)		(38)
Derivatives, short term and other	1		29

Net investment losses	(35)		(11)
Income tax benefit on net investment losses	7		8
Net investment losses, after tax	$	(28)	$	(3)

Pretax net investment results decreased $24 million for three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the same period in 2022. The decrease was driven by higher net losses on fixed maturity securities partially offset by the favorable relative change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock in the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 as compared ~~to net gains in~~with the same period in ~~2021.~~

~~Additionally, Derivatives, short term and other for the~~2022. The three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2022 ~~includes~~also included gains on a ~~$35 million non-economic net loss~~funds withheld embedded derivative which related to ~~the expected novation of~~ a coinsurance agreement on our legacy annuity business ~~in our Life & Group segment and the associated funds withheld embedded derivative.~~

~~Pretax net investment results decreased $283 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2021. The decrease~~that was ~~driven by the unfavorable change in fair value of~~

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~~non-redeemable preferred stock and net losses on fixed maturity securities~~novated in the ~~nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to net gains in the same period in 2021.~~fourth quarter of 2022.

Further information on our investment gains and losses ~~as well as on our derivative financial instruments~~ is set forth in Note C to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

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Portfolio Quality

The following table presents the estimated fair value and net unrealized gains (losses) of our fixed maturity securities by rating distribution.


		September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021					March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
(In millions)	(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)		Estimated Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)		(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)		Estimated Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)
U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises	U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises	$	2,452	$	(357)	$	2,600	$	42	U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises	$	2,481	$	(300)	$	2,419	$	(336)
AAA	AAA	2,374		(250)		3,784		360		AAA	2,420		(160)		2,398		(208)
AA	AA	6,387		(792)		7,665		823		AA	6,410		(473)		6,342		(663)
A	A	8,739		(667)		9,511		1,087		A	9,413		(342)		9,043		(531)
BBB	BBB	15,267		(1,776)		18,458		2,043		BBB	16,509		(1,090)		15,651		(1,447)
Non-investment grade	Non-investment grade	2,032		(234)		2,362		91		Non-investment grade	1,874		(186)		1,774		(219)
Total	Total	$	37,251	$	(4,076)	$	44,380	$	4,446	Total	$	39,107	$	(2,551)	$	37,627	$	(3,404)

As of ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, 1% of our fixed maturity portfolio was rated internally. AAA rated securities included ~~$0.4 billion and $1.7~~$0.3 billion of ~~pre-refunded~~prefunded municipal bonds as of ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

The following table presents available-for-sale fixed maturity securities in a gross unrealized loss position by ratings distribution.


		September 30, 2022					March 31, 2023
(In millions)	(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises	U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises	$	2,360	$	360	U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises	$	2,357	$	302
AAA	AAA	1,566		318		AAA	1,424		260
AA	AA	4,430		917		AA	4,053		670
A	A	6,548		838		A	6,440		619
BBB	BBB	13,394		1,902		BBB	12,651		1,360
Non-investment grade	Non-investment grade	1,646		248		Non-investment grade	1,341		207
Total	Total	$	29,944	$	4,583	Total	$	28,266	$	3,418

The following table presents the maturity profile for these available-for-sale fixed maturity securities. Securities not due to mature on a single date are allocated based on weighted average life.


		September 30, 2022					March 31, 2023
(In millions)	(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Due in one year or less	Due in one year or less	$	699	$	11	Due in one year or less	$	852	$	23
Due after one year through five years	Due after one year through five years	7,492		541		Due after one year through five years	8,096		525
Due after five years through ten years	Due after five years through ten years	10,701		1,705		Due after five years through ten years	9,870		1,291
Due after ten years	Due after ten years	11,052		2,326		Due after ten years	9,448		1,579
Total	Total	$	29,944	$	4,583	Total	$	28,266	$	3,418

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Commercial Real Estate

Our investment portfolio has exposure to the commercial real estate sector primarily through our fixed maturity securities and mortgage loan portfolios. The performance of these assets is dependent on a number of factors, including the performance of the underlying collateral (which is influenced by cash flows from underlying property leases), changes in the fair value of collateral, refinancing risk, and the creditworthiness of tenants of credit tenant loan properties (where lease payments directly service the loan).

Within our fixed maturity securities portfolio, our exposure is primarily through our commercial mortgage-backed securities portfolio and our corporate and other bonds portfolio, which contains obligations of real estate investment trust (REIT) issuers. Commercial mortgage-backed securities include both single asset, single borrower collateral that is securitized independently and conduit collateral that is securitized in diversified pools.

The following tables present the estimated fair value and net unrealized gains (losses) of our commercial mortgage-backed securities by property type and by ratings distribution.


	March 31, 2023
(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)
Commercial mortgage-backed:
Single asset, single borrower:
Office	$	323	$	(67)
Retail	304		(40)
Lodging	201		(22)
Industrial	84		(7)
Multifamily	53		(4)
Total single asset, single borrower	965		(140)
Conduits (multi property, multi borrower pools)	666		(97)
Total commercial mortgage-backed	$	1,631	$	(237)


	March 31, 2023
(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)
Commercial mortgage-backed:
AAA	$	367	$	(29)
AA	630		(97)
A	214		(34)
BBB	283		(51)
Non-investment grade	137		(26)
Total commercial mortgage-backed	$	1,631	$	(237)

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The following tables present the estimated fair value and net unrealized gains (losses) of the REIT issuer exposure within our corporate and other bonds portfolio by property type and by ratings distribution.


	March 31, 2023
(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)
Corporate and other bonds - REITs:
Retail	$	452	$	(43)
Office	261		(30)
Industrial	85		(3)
Other (1)	418		(34)
Total corporate and other bonds - REITs	$	1,216	$	(110)

(1) Other includes a diversified mix of property type strategies including self-storage, healthcare and apartments.


	March 31, 2023
(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)
Corporate and other bonds - REITs:
AA	$	11	$	(1)
A	239		(10)
BBB	948		(97)
Non-investment grade	18		(2)
Total corporate and other bonds - REITs	$	1,216	$	(110)

Mortgage loans are commercial in nature and are carried at unpaid principal balance, net of unamortized fees and an allowance for expected credit losses. The allowance for expected credit losses is developed by assessing the credit quality of pools of mortgage loans in good standing using debt service coverage ratios (DSCR) and loan-to-value ratios (LTV). This assessment utilizes historical credit loss experience adjusted to reflect current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. As of March 31, 2023 the allowance for expected credit losses on our mortgage portfolio was $24 million, or 2% of our amortized cost basis.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of mortgage loans by property type.


	March 31, 2023
(In millions)	Amortized Cost		Percentage of Total
Mortgage loans:
Retail	$	461	44	%
Office	263		26	%
Industrial	119		12	%
Other	187		18	%
Total mortgage loans	$	1,030	100	%

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In addition to our mortgage loan portfolio, we invest in securitized credit tenant loans and ground lease financings that are classified as fixed maturity securities, all of which are investment grade quality. As of March 31, 2023, these holdings had an estimated fair value of $484 million and net unrealized losses of $82 million.

We own other fixed maturity securities which have exposure to cell towers, data centers and other collateral types that could be viewed as having real estate characteristics. We view these securities to have risks more akin to operating enterprises that do not share the same risks as the broader commercial real estate market.

We do not hold any direct investments in commercial real estate. Additionally, we do not have significant exposure through our limited partnership portfolio to funds whose primary strategy is real estate focused.

Duration

A primary objective in the management of the investment portfolio is to optimize return relative to the corresponding liabilities and respective liquidity needs. Our views on the current interest rate environment, tax regulations, asset class valuations, specific security issuer and broader industry segment conditions as well as domestic and global economic conditions, are some of the factors that enter into an investment decision. We also continually monitor exposure to issuers of securities held and broader industry sector exposures and may from time to time adjust such exposures based on our views of a specific issuer or industry sector.

A further consideration in the management of the investment portfolio is the characteristics of the corresponding liabilities and the ability to align the duration of the portfolio to those liabilities and to meet future liquidity needs, minimize interest rate risk and maintain a level of income sufficient to support the underlying insurance liabilities. For portfolios where future liability cash flows are determinable and typically long term in nature, we segregate investments for asset/liability management purposes. The segregated investments support the long term care and structured settlement liabilities in the Life & Group segment.

The effective durations of fixed income securities and short term investments are presented in the following table. Amounts presented are net of payable and receivable amounts for securities purchased and sold, but not yet settled.

September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
(In millions) Estimated Fair Value Effective
Duration
(In years) Estimated Fair Value Effective
Duration
(In years)
Investments supporting Life & Group $ 14,253 9.8 $ 18,458 9.2
Other investments 24,739 4.8 28,915 4.9
Total $ 38,992 6.7 $ 47,373 6.6

The effective duration of Investments supporting Life & Group liabilities at September 30, 2022 lengthened as compared with December 31, 2021, reflecting strategic repositioning to capitalize on higher rates and reduce reinvestment risk.


	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Effective Duration (In years)	Estimated Fair Value		Effective Duration (In years)
Investments supporting Life & Group	$	14,990	10.1	$	14,511	9.9
Other investments	25,759		4.8	25,445		4.7
Total	$	40,749	6.8	$	39,956	6.6

The investment portfolio is periodically analyzed for changes in duration and related price risk. Certain securities have duration characteristics that are variable based on market interest rates, credit spreads and other factors that may drive variability in the amount and timing of cash flows. Additionally, we periodically review the sensitivity of the portfolio to the level of foreign exchange rates and other factors that contribute to market price changes. A summary of these risks and specific analysis on changes is included in the Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk included under Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash Flows

Our primary operating cash flow sources are premiums and investment income. Our primary operating cash flow uses are payments for claims, policy benefits and operating expenses, including interest expense on corporate debt. Additionally, cash may be paid or received for income taxes.

For the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, net cash provided by operating activities was ~~$1,990~~$436 million as compared with ~~$1,354~~$645 million for the same period in ~~2021.~~2022. The ~~increase~~decrease in cash provided by operating activities was driven by ~~the prior year payment of the EWC LPT premium.~~higher net claim payments, including long term care policy buyouts, and lower distributions from limited partnerships partially offset by an increase in premiums collected.

Cash flows from investing activities include the purchase and disposition of financial instruments, excluding those held as trading, and may include the purchase and sale of businesses, equipment and other assets not generally held for resale.

For the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, net cash provided by investing activities was $51 million as compared with net cash used by investing activities ~~was $1,072 million as compared with $597~~of $129 million for the same period in ~~2021.~~2022. Net cash used or provided by investing activities is primarily driven by cash available from operations and by other factors, such as financing activities.

Cash flows from financing activities may include proceeds from the issuance of debt and equity securities, and outflows for stockholder dividends, repayment of debt and purchases of our common stock.

For the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, net cash used by financing activities was ~~$924~~$480 million as compared with ~~$545~~$688 million for the same period in ~~2021. Financing activities for~~2022. In the ~~periods presented include:~~

•~~During the nine months ended September 30, 2022,~~first quarter of 2023, we paid dividends of ~~$874~~$445 million and repurchased ~~890,000 shares of common stock at an aggregate cost of $39 million.~~

•~~During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we paid dividends of $518 million and repurchased 377,615~~550,000 shares of our common stock at an aggregate cost of ~~$18~~$24 million. In the first quarter of 2022, we paid dividends of $657 million and repurchased 445,000 shares of our common stock at an aggregate cost of $21 million.

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Common Stock Dividends

Cash dividends of ~~$3.20~~$1.62 per share on our common stock, including a special cash dividend of ~~$2.00~~$1.20 per share, were declared and paid during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. On ~~October~~April 28, ~~2022,~~2023, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of ~~$0.40~~$0.42 per share, payable ~~December~~June 1, ~~2022~~2023 to stockholders of record on ~~November~~May 15, ~~2022.~~2023. The declaration and payment of future dividends to holders of our common stock will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on many factors, including our earnings, financial condition, business needs and regulatory constraints.

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Liquidity

We believe that our present cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities are sufficient to fund our current and expected working capital and debt obligation needs and we do not expect this to change in the near term. There are currently no amounts outstanding under our $250 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility and no borrowings outstanding through our membership in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago (FHLBC).

Dividends from Continental Casualty Company (CCC) are subject to the insurance holding company laws of the State of Illinois, the domiciliary state of CCC. Under these laws, ordinary dividends, or dividends that do not require prior approval by the Illinois Department of Insurance (the Department), are determined based on the greater of the prior year's statutory net income or 10% of statutory surplus as of the end of the prior year, as well as timing and amount of dividends paid in the preceding twelve months. Additionally, ordinary dividends may only be paid from earned surplus, which is calculated by removing unrealized gains from unassigned surplus. As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, CCC was in a positive earned surplus position. CCC paid dividends of ~~$845~~$475 million and ~~$600~~$535 million during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and ~~2021.~~2022. The actual level of dividends paid in any year is determined after an assessment of available dividend capacity, holding company liquidity and cash needs as well as the impact the dividends will have on the statutory surplus of the applicable insurance company.

We have an effective automatic shelf registration statement on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission under which we may publicly issue an unspecified amount of debt, equity or hybrid securities from time to time.

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ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATE

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-12, Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration ~~Contracts.~~Contracts (ASU 2018-12). The updated accounting guidance requires changes to the measurement and disclosure of long-duration contracts. For ~~the Company,~~us, this includes ~~the~~our long term care ~~and fully-ceded single premium immediate annuity business.~~

The most significant impact will be the effect of updating the discount rate assumption quarterly to reflect an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yield, rather than CNA’s expected investment portfolio yield. This will be partially offset by the de-recognition of Shadow Adjustments associated with long-duration contracts. The Company expects the net impact of these changes will be a decrease of approximately $2.3 billion in Accumulated other comprehensive income as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. To illustrate the sensitivity of this adjustment, had the Company used interest rates in effect as of September 30, 2022 in its calculation, the transition impact to Accumulated other comprehensive income would have been approximately zero.

The requirement to review, and update if there is a change, cash flow assumptions at least annually is expected to change the pattern of earnings being recognized. Under current accounting guidance, the Company’s third quarter 2022 gross premium valuation assessment indicated a pretax reserve margin of $125 million, with no unlocking event. However under the new guidance, the effect of changes in cash flow assumptions from the Company’s assessment would be recordedbusiness in the ~~Company’s results of operations (except for discount rate changes which would be recorded quarterly through AOCI).~~

Life & Group segment. For a discussion of Accounting Standards, ~~Updates,~~ see Note A to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

The following table presents the effect of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on selected 2022 and 2021 financial data.


	2022										2021
(In millions, except per share data)	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		Full Year		Full Year
Components of Income (Loss)

Core income (loss)
Prior to adoption	$	316	$	245	$	213	$	274	$	1,048	$	1,106
Effect of adoption	(18)		(15)		(170)		(9)		(212)		(18)
As reported	$	298	$	230	$	43	$	265	$	836	$	1,088
Net income (Loss)
Prior to adoption	$	313	$	205	$	128	$	248	$	894	$	1,202
Effect of adoption	(18)		(15)		(170)		(9)		(212)		(18)
As reported	$	295	$	190	$	(42)	$	239	$	682	$	1,184

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
Prior to adoption	$	(1,623)	$	(1,410)	$	(1,426)	$	582	$	(3,877)	$	(483)
Effect of adoption	603		627		586		(177)		1,639		660
As reported	$	(1,020)	$	(783)	$	(840)	$	405	$	(2,238)	$	177

Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share

Core income (loss)
Prior to adoption	$	1.16	$	0.90	$	0.78	$	1.01	$	3.84	$	4.06
Effect of adoption	(0.07)		(0.06)		(0.62)		(0.04)		(0.77)		(0.07)
As reported	$	1.09	$	0.84	$	0.16	$	0.97	$	3.07	$	3.99
Net income (loss)
Prior to adoption	$	1.15	$	0.75	$	0.47	$	0.91	$	3.28	$	4.41
Effect of adoption	(0.07)		(0.06)		(0.62)		(0.04)		(0.77)		(0.07)
As reported	$	1.08	$	0.69	$	(0.15)	$	0.87	$	2.51	$	4.34

Core income for 2022 decreased from what was previously reported generally driven by the cumulative effect of assumption differences and differences in reserving methodologies between legacy and new accounting guidance.

Core income for the third quarter of 2022 decreased $170 million from what was previously reported under legacy accounting guidance, primarily related to our third quarter 2022 annual review of cash flow reserving assumptions. Under legacy accounting guidance, the third quarter 2022 gross premium valuation assessment indicated a pretax margin of $125 million and no unlocking event occurred. Under the new guidance favorable changes to the upper-medium grade fixed income instrument discount rate were recorded through Accumulated other comprehensive income quarterly, while the net unfavorable impact of increased cost of care inflation offset by favorable premium rate action assumptions was recorded in income.

Other comprehensive loss decreased from what was previously reported driven by increases in the upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yield beginning in 2021 and through 2022, which was used as the discount rate to re-measure the LFPB.

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The following table presents the effect of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on selected 2022 and 2021 balance sheet data.



(In millions)	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Total Assets
Prior to adoption	$	60,927	$	66,639
Effect of adoption	73		453
As reported	$	61,000	$	67,092

Insurance Reserves:
Claim and claim adjustment expenses
Prior to adoption	$	25,099	$	24,174
Effect of adoption	(2,979)		(2,905)
As reported	$	22,120	$	21,269

Future policy benefits
Prior to adoption	$	10,151	$	13,236
Effect of adoption	3,329		5,062
As reported	$	13,480	$	18,298

Total Liabilities
Prior to adoption	$	52,102	$	53,830
Effect of adoption	350		2,157
As reported	$	52,452	$	55,987

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Prior to adoption	$	(3,557)	$	320
Effect of adoption	(41)		(1,680)
As reported	$	(3,598)	$	(1,360)

Total stockholders' equity
Prior to adoption	$	8,825	$	12,809
Effect of adoption	(277)		(1,704)
As reported	$	8,548	$	11,105

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains a number of forward-looking statements which relate to anticipated future events rather than actual present conditions or historical events. These statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and generally include words such as “believes,” “expects,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “estimates” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements in this report include any and all statements regarding expected developments in our insurance business, including losses and loss reserves (note that loss reserves for long term care, A&EP and other mass tort claims are more uncertain, and therefore more difficult to estimate than loss reserves respecting traditional property and casualty exposures); the impact of routine ongoing insurance reserve reviews we ~~are conducting;~~conduct; our expectations concerning our revenues, earnings, expenses and investment activities; volatility in investment returns; and our proposed actions in response to trends in our business. Forward-looking statements, by their nature, are subject to a variety of inherent risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results projected in the forward-looking ~~statement.~~statements. We cannot control many of these risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following as well as those risks contained in the Risk Factors section of our ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K:

Company-Specific Factors

•the risks and uncertainties associated with our insurance reserves, as outlined in the Critical Accounting Estimates sections of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K and this report, and the Reserves - Estimates

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and Uncertainties ~~sections~~section of our ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the sufficiency of the reserves and the possibility for future increases, which would be reflected in the results of operations in the period that the need for such adjustment is determined;

•the risk that the other parties to the transactions in which, subject to certain limitations, we ceded our legacy A&EP and ~~EWC~~excess workers' compensation (EWC) liabilities, respectively, will not fully perform their respective obligations to CNA, the uncertainty in estimating loss reserves for A&EP and EWC liabilities and the possible continued exposure of CNA to liabilities for A&EP and EWC claims that are not covered under the terms of the respective transactions;

•the performance of reinsurance companies under reinsurance contracts with us; and

•the risks and uncertainties associated with potential acquisitions and divestitures, including the consummation of such transactions, the successful integration of acquired operations and the potential for subsequent impairment of goodwill or intangible assets.

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Industry and General Market Factors

•general economic and business conditions, including recessionary conditions that may decrease the ~~COVID-19 pandemic~~size and ~~measures~~number of our insurance customers and create losses to ~~mitigate~~ our lines of business and inflationary pressures on medical care costs, construction costs and other economic sectors;

•the ~~spread~~effects of social inflation, including frequency of nuclear verdicts and increased litigation activity, on the ~~virus may continue to result in increased claims and related litigation or regulatory risk across our enterprise;~~severity of claims;

•the impact of competitive products, policies and pricing and the competitive environment in which we operate, including changes in our book of business;

•product and policy availability and demand and market responses, including the level of ability to obtain rate ~~increases and decline or non-renew underpriced accounts, to achieve premium targets and profitability and to realize growth and retention estimates;~~increases;

•~~general economic~~the COVID-19 pandemic and ~~business conditions, including recessionary conditions that~~measures to mitigate the spread of the virus may ~~decrease the size~~continue to result in increased claims and ~~number of~~related litigation risk across our ~~insurance customers and create losses to our lines of business and inflationary pressures on medical care costs, construction costs and other economic sectors that increase the severity of claims;~~enterprise;

•conditions in the capital and credit markets, including uncertainty and instability in these markets, as well as the overall economy, and their impact on the returns, types, liquidity and valuation of our investments;

•conditions in the capital and credit markets that may limit our ability to raise significant amounts of capital on favorable terms; and

•the possibility of changes in our ratings by ratings agencies, including the inability to access certain markets or distribution channels and the required collateralization of future payment obligations as a result of such changes, and changes in rating agency policies and practices.

Regulatory and Legal Factors

•regulatory and legal initiatives and compliance with governmental regulations and other legal requirements, which are increasing in complexity and number, change frequently, sometimes conflict, and could expose us to significant monetary damages, regulatory enforcement actions, fines and/or criminal prosecution in one or more jurisdictions, including ~~with respect~~regulations related to cyber security protocols (which continue to evolve in breadth, sophistication and maturity in response to an ever-evolving threat landscape), legal inquiries by state authorities, judicial interpretations within the regulatory framework, including interpretation of policy provisions, decisions regarding coverage and theories of liability, legislative actions that increase claimant activity, including those revising applicability of statutes of limitations, trends in litigation and the outcome of any litigation involving us and rulings and changes in tax laws and regulations;

•regulatory limitations, impositions and restrictions upon us, including with respect to our ability to increase premium rates, and the effects of assessments and other surcharges for guaranty funds and second-injury funds, other mandatory pooling arrangements and future assessments levied on insurance ~~companies~~companies;

•regulatory limitations and restrictions, including limitations upon our ability to receive dividends from our insurance subsidiaries, imposed by regulatory authorities, including regulatory capital ~~adequacy;~~adequacy standards; and

•regulatory and legal implications relating to the sophisticated cyber incident sustained by the Company in March 2021 that may arise.

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Impact of Natural and Man-Made Disasters and Mass Tort Claims

•weather and other natural physical events, including the severity and frequency of storms, hail, snowfall and other winter conditions, natural disasters such as hurricanes, tornados and earthquakes, as well as climate change, including effects on global weather patterns, greenhouse gases, sea, land and air temperatures, sea levels, wildfires, rain, hail and snow;

•regulatory requirements imposed by coastal state regulators in the wake of hurricanes or other natural disasters, including limitations on the ability to exit markets or to non-renew, cancel or change terms and conditions in policies, as well as mandatory assessments to fund any shortfalls arising from the inability of quasi-governmental insurers to pay claims;

•man-made disasters, including the possible occurrence of terrorist attacks, the unpredictability of the nature, targets, severity or frequency of such events, and the effect of the absence or insufficiency of applicable terrorism legislation on coverages;

•the occurrence of epidemics and pandemics; and

•mass tort claims, including those related to exposure to potentially harmful products or substances such as glyphosate, lead paint, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and opioids; and claims arising from changes that repeal or weaken tort reforms, such as those related to abuse reviver statutes.

Our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and we do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date of the statement, even if our expectations or any related events or circumstances change.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There were no material changes in our market risk components for the three months ended ~~September 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. See the Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk included in Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021~~2022 for further information. Additional information related to portfolio duration is discussed in the Investments section of our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Part I, Item 2.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits to the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), including this report, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported on a timely basis. These disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management on a timely basis to allow decisions regarding required disclosure.

As of ~~September 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, the Company's management, including the Company's Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in ~~Exchange Act~~ Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). Based on this evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of ~~September 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023.

There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15 (f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended ~~September 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Information on our legal proceedings is set forth in Note FG to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Items 2 (a) and (b) are not ~~applicable.~~applicable

(c) The table below details the repurchases of our common stock made during the three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2022.

Period

(a) Total number of shares purchased

(b) Average price paid per share

(d) Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (in millions)

Period

(a) Total number of shares purchased

(b) Average price paid per share

(d) Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (in millions)

August 1, 2022 - August 31, 2022

445,000

41.03

N/A

February 1, 2023 - February 28, 2023

550,000

44.07

N/A

Total

445,000

N/A

Total

550,000

N/A

Item 6. Exhibits

See Exhibit Index.

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~~Item 6. Exhibits~~

~~See Exhibit Index.~~

~~Table of Contents~~

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


		CNA Financial Corporation

Dated: ~~October 31, 2022~~May 1, 2023	By	/s/ Scott R. Lindquist
		Scott R. Lindquist Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Duly authorized officer and principal financial officer)

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EXHIBIT INDEX


Description of Exhibit			Exhibit Number

Certification of Chief Executive Officer			31.1

Certification of Chief Financial Officer			31.2

Written Statement of the Chief Executive Officer of CNA Financial Corporation Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 (As adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)			32.1

Written Statement of the Chief Financial Officer of CNA Financial Corporation Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 (As adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)			32.2

XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document			101.INS

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema			101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase			101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase			101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase			101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase			101.PRE

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)			104.1

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For the nine months ended September 30
(In millions)	2022		2021
Reserves, beginning of year:
Gross	$	24,174	$	22,706
Ceded	4,969		4,005
Net reserves, beginning of year	19,205		18,701
Reduction of net reserves due to Excess Workers' Compensation Loss Portfolio Transfer	—		(632)
Net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses:
Provision for insured events of current year	4,638		4,474
Increase (decrease) in provision for insured events of prior years	(144)		(130)
Amortization of discount	131		137
Total net incurred (1)	4,625		4,481
Net payments attributable to:
Current year events	(523)		(629)
Prior year events	(3,371)		(2,874)
Total net payments	(3,894)		(3,503)
Foreign currency translation adjustment and other	(383)		(51)
Net reserves, end of period	19,553		18,996
Ceded reserves, end of period	5,147		4,836
Gross reserves, end of period	$	24,700	$	23,832


Three months ended September 30, 2021	Specialty		Commercial		International		Life & Group		Corporate & Other
(In millions)											Eliminations		Total
Operating revenues
Net earned premiums	$	773	$	893	$	271	$	123	$	—	$	(1)	$	2,059
Net investment income	116		141		14		240		2		—		513
Non-insurance warranty revenue	357		—		—		—		—		—		357
Other revenues	1		7		—		(1)		2		(1)		8
Total operating revenues	1,247		1,041		285		362		4		(2)		2,937
Claims, benefits and expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits	446		720		171		296		(6)		—		1,627
Policyholders’ dividends	—		5		—		—		—		—		5
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	165		148		55		—		—		—		368
Non-insurance warranty expense	330		—		—		—		—		—		330
Other insurance related expenses	71		125		32		27		(1)		(1)		253
Other expenses	13		8		4		1		37		(1)		62
Total claims, benefits and expenses	1,025		1,006		262		324		30		(2)		2,645
Core income (loss) before income tax	222		35		23		38		(26)		—		292
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)	(49)		(8)		(6)		3		5		—		(55)
Core income (loss)	$	173	$	27	$	17	$	41	$	(21)	$	—	237
Net investment gains (losses)													22
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)													(3)
Net investment gains (losses), after tax													19
Net income (loss)													$	256


Nine months ended September 30, 2022	Specialty		Commercial		International		Life & Group		Corporate & Other
(In millions)											Eliminations		Total
Operating revenues
Net earned premiums	$	2,376	$	2,901	$	803	$	356	$	(1)	$	—	$	6,435
Net investment income	305		343		44		600		10		—		1,302
Non-insurance warranty revenue	1,173		—		—		—		—		—		1,173
Other revenues	—		25		—		—		4		(5)		24
Total operating revenues	3,854		3,269		847		956		13		(5)		8,934
Claims, benefits and expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits	1,360		1,916		487		884		36		—		4,683
Policyholders’ dividends	5		15		—		—		—		—		20
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	488		467		146		—		—		—		1,101
Non-insurance warranty expense	1,092		—		—		—		—		—		1,092
Other insurance related expenses	250		409		112		89		4		(1)		863
Other expenses	40		21		25		7		133		(4)		222
Total claims, benefits and expenses	3,235		2,828		770		980		173		(5)		7,981
Core income (loss) before income tax	619		441		77		(24)		(160)		—		953
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)	(134)		(91)		(14)		31		29		—		(179)
Core income (loss)	$	485	$	350	$	63	$	7	$	(131)	$	—	774
Net investment gains (losses)													(166)
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)													38
Net investment gains (losses), after tax													(128)
Net income (loss)													$	646


Nine months ended September 30, 2021	Specialty		Commercial		International		Life & Group		Corporate & Other
(In millions)											Eliminations		Total
Operating revenues
Net earned premiums	$	2,270	$	2,629	$	789	$	369	$	—	$	(1)	$	6,056
Net investment income	367		463		42		724		12		—		1,608
Non-insurance warranty revenue	1,054		—		—		—		—		—		1,054
Other revenues	1		17		1		(1)		5		(4)		19
Total operating revenues	3,692		3,109		832		1,092		17		(5)		8,737
Claims, benefits and expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits	1,312		1,947		485		899		23		—		4,666
Policyholders’ dividends	2		16		—		—		—		—		18
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	478		449		157		—		—		—		1,084
Non-insurance warranty expense	973		—		—		—		—		—		973
Other insurance related expenses	212		376		106		77		9		(1)		779
Other expenses	36		28		(4)		5		119		(4)		180
Total claims, benefits and expenses	3,013		2,816		744		981		151		(5)		7,700
Core income (loss) before income tax	679		293		88		111		(134)		—		1,037
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)	(148)		(60)		(21)		9		24		—		(196)
Core income (loss)	$	531	$	233	$	67	$	120	$	(110)	$	—	841
Net investment gains (losses)													117
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)													(22)
Net investment gains (losses), after tax													95
Net income (loss)													$	936