PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands) June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Assets (Unaudited)
Investments:
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost: $1,362,404 and $1,343,755 in 2022 and 2021, respectively) $ 1,237,004 1,470,617
Equity securities, at fair value 12,711 14,844
Policy loans 78,586 80,307
Other long-term investments (portion measured at fair value $64,732 and $56,038 in 2022 and 2021, respectively) 66,002 57,399
Total investments 1,394,303 1,623,167
Cash and cash equivalents 22,407 27,294
Accrued investment income 16,497 16,197
Reinsurance recoverable 3,426 5,539
Deferred policy acquisition costs 140,713 140,380
Cost of insurance acquired 10,555 10,611
Current federal income tax receivable 1,016 762
Property and equipment, net 13,689 14,074
Due premiums 9,538 10,748
Other assets (less allowance for losses of $338 and $111 in 2022 and 2021, respectively) 6,801 5,739
Total assets $ 1,618,945 1,854,511

(Unaudited)




(In thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Investments:
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost: $1,387,919 and $1,381,318 in 2023 and 2022, respectively)	$	1,229,691	1,179,619

Equity securities, at fair value	11,899		11,590

Policy loans	78,659		78,773


Other long-term investments (portion measured at fair value $71,990 and $66,846 in 2023 and 2022, respectively)	72,254		69,558
Short-term investments	1,244		1,241
Total investments	1,393,747		1,340,781
Cash and cash equivalents	18,924		22,973
Accrued investment income	16,958		17,131

Reinsurance recoverable	4,323		4,560
Deferred policy acquisition costs	165,471		162,927
Cost of insurance acquired	10,486		10,647
Current federal income tax receivable	—		601

Property and equipment, net	12,592		12,926
Due premiums	9,181		11,829

Other assets (less allowance for losses of $359 and $347 in 2023 and 2022, respectively)	6,799		6,328
Total assets	$	1,638,481	1,590,703

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 2

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets, Continued

(In thousands, except share amounts) June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)
Liabilities:
Policy liabilities:
Future policy benefit reserves:
Life insurance $ 1,293,464 1,278,987
Annuities 88,760 83,918
Accident and health 745 784
Dividend accumulations 39,622 37,760
Premiums paid in advance 39,636 40,690
Policy claims payable 8,475 14,590
Other policyholders' funds 35,426 30,690
Total policy liabilities 1,506,128 1,487,419
Commissions payable 1,917 2,285
Deferred federal income tax payable 1,893 15,456
Payable for securities in process of settlement 3,291 —
Other liabilities 29,477 28,780
Total liabilities 1,542,706 1,533,940
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
0 0
Stockholders' Equity:
Common stock:
Class A, no par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 53,742,067 and 53,170,413 shares issued and outstanding in 2022 and 2021, respectively, including shares in treasury of 3,527,821 in 2022 and 3,135,738 in 2021 267,850 265,561
Class B, no par value, 2,000,000 shares authorized, 1,001,714 shares issued and outstanding in 2022 and 2021, including shares in treasury of 1,001,714 in 2022 and 2021 3,184 3,184
Accumulated deficit (50,446) (45,565)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Net unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities, net of tax (122,948) 117,492
Treasury stock, at cost (21,401) (20,101)
Total stockholders' equity 76,239 320,571
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 1,618,945 1,854,511
(Unaudited)




(In thousands, except share amounts)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
Liabilities:
Policy liabilities:
Future policy benefit reserves:
Life insurance	$	1,218,295	1,198,647
Accident and health	848		767
Total future policy benefit reserves	1,219,143		1,199,414
Policyholders' funds:
Annuities	124,528		121,422
Dividend accumulations	42,668		41,663
Premiums paid in advance	36,697		36,384
Policy claims payable	7,485		9,884
Other policyholders' funds	7,325		7,501
Total policyholders' funds	218,703		216,854
Total policy liabilities	1,437,846		1,416,268
Commissions payable	1,948		1,967
Current federal income tax payable	537		—
Deferred federal income tax liability	5,775		3,653

Other liabilities	38,084		41,025
Total liabilities	1,484,190		1,462,913
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders' Equity:
Common stock:
Class A, no par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 53,792,476 and 53,758,176 shares issued and outstanding in 2023 and 2022, respectively, including shares in treasury of 3,935,581 in 2023 and 2022	268,197		268,147
Class B, no par value, 2,000,000 shares authorized, 1,001,714 shares issued and outstanding in 2023 and 2022, including shares in treasury of 1,001,714 in 2023 and 2022	3,184		3,184
Retained earnings	21,181		16,309
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(115,465)		(137,044)
Treasury stock, at cost	(22,806)		(22,806)
Total stockholders' equity	154,291		127,790
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	1,638,481	1,590,703

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 3

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(Unaudited)


		Three Months Ended June 30,			Six Months Ended June 30,			Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	(In thousands, except per share amounts)	2022		2021	2022	2021	(In thousands, except per share amounts)		2023		2022
Revenues:	Revenues:						Revenues:
Premiums:	Premiums:						Premiums:
Life insurance	Life insurance	$	40,761	41,438	78,507	79,080	Life insurance		$	36,934	37,746
Accident and health insurance	Accident and health insurance	280		291	566	634	Accident and health insurance		358		286
Property insurance	Property insurance	1,183		1,097	2,515	2,144	Property insurance		957		1,332
Net investment income	Net investment income	15,892		15,320	31,379	30,564	Net investment income		17,074		15,487
Investment related gains (losses), net	Investment related gains (losses), net	(5,016)		4,859	(5,598)	5,151	Investment related gains (losses), net		(288)		(582)
Other income	Other income	634		553	1,722	1,468	Other income		879		1,088
Total revenues	Total revenues	53,734		63,558	109,091	119,041	Total revenues		55,914		55,357
Benefits and Expenses:	Benefits and Expenses:						Benefits and Expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:	Insurance benefits paid or provided:						Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders	Claims and surrenders	27,097		29,296	55,531	59,885	Claims and surrenders		30,299		28,434
Increase in future policy benefit reserves		9,378		6,287	15,947	11,519
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves							Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves		(978)		114
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss							Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss		880		668
Policyholders' dividends	Policyholders' dividends	1,515		1,475	2,868	2,781	Policyholders' dividends		1,108		1,353
Total insurance benefits paid or provided	Total insurance benefits paid or provided	37,990		37,058	74,346	74,185	Total insurance benefits paid or provided		31,309		30,569

Commissions	Commissions	8,924		8,801	16,597	16,958	Commissions		9,013		7,673
Other general expenses	Other general expenses	10,400		11,503	21,430	22,885	Other general expenses		11,260		11,030
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	(6,184)		(5,787)	(10,965)	(10,772)	Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs		(6,358)		(4,781)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	5,970		6,074	11,787	12,257	Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs		3,814		3,559
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	263		309	499	676	Amortization of cost of insurance acquired		161		129
Total benefits and expenses	Total benefits and expenses	57,363		57,958	113,694	116,189	Total benefits and expenses		49,199		48,179
Income (loss) before federal income tax	Income (loss) before federal income tax	(3,629)		5,600	(4,603)	2,852	Income (loss) before federal income tax		6,715		7,178
Federal income tax expense (benefit)	Federal income tax expense (benefit)	(81)		578	278	1,403	Federal income tax expense (benefit)		1,843		729
Net income (loss)	Net income (loss)	(3,548)		5,022	(4,881)	1,449	Net income (loss)		4,872		6,449
Per Share Amounts:	Per Share Amounts:						Per Share Amounts:
Basic and diluted earnings (losses) per share of Class A common stock	Basic and diluted earnings (losses) per share of Class A common stock	(0.07)		0.10	(0.10)	0.03	Basic and diluted earnings (losses) per share of Class A common stock		0.10		0.13
Basic and diluted earnings (losses) per share of Class B common stock		—		0.05	—	0.01

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):						Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):

Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities:	Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities:						Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period	Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period	(120,934)		31,756	(254,276)	(24,142)	Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period		43,436		(132,765)
Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in net income (loss)	Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in net income (loss)	(24)		46	35	11	Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in net income (loss)		38		59
Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities, net	Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities, net	(120,958)		31,802	(254,241)	(24,131)	Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities, net		43,474		(132,706)
Income tax expense (benefit) on unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities		(4,735)		(346)	(13,801)	239
Change in current discount rate for liability for future policy benefits							Change in current discount rate for liability for future policy benefits		(20,480)		151,607
Income tax expense (benefit) on other comprehensive income items							Income tax expense (benefit) on other comprehensive income items		1,415		1,712
Other comprehensive income (loss)	Other comprehensive income (loss)	(116,223)		32,148	(240,440)	(24,370)	Other comprehensive income (loss)		21,579		17,189
Total comprehensive income (loss)	Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	(119,771)	37,170	(245,321)	(22,921)	Total comprehensive income (loss)		$	26,451	23,638

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 4

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)

(Unaudited)
Common Stock Accumulated
deficit Accumulated other
comprehensive
income (loss) Treasury
stock Total
Stock-
holders'
equity
(In thousands) Class A Class B
Balance at December 31, 2021 $ 265,561 3,184 (45,565) 117,492 (20,101) 320,571
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss) — — (1,333) — — (1,333)
Unrealized investment gains (losses), net — — — (124,217) — (124,217)
Total comprehensive income (loss) — — (1,333) (124,217) — (125,550)
Common stock issuance 1,788 — — — — 1,788
Stock-based compensation 93 — — — — 93
Balance at March 31, 2022 267,442 3,184 (46,898) (6,725) (20,101) 196,902
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss) — — (3,548) — — (3,548)
Unrealized investment gains (losses), net — — — (116,223) — (116,223)
Total comprehensive income (loss) — — (3,548) (116,223) — (119,771)
Common stock issuance 455 — — — — 455
Acquisition of treasury stock — — — — (1,300) (1,300)
Stock-based compensation (47) — — — — (47)
Balance at June 30, 2022 $ 267,850 3,184 (50,446) (122,948) (21,401) 76,239

Common Stock

Retained Earnings (Accumulated
Deficit)

Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

Treasury
Stock

Total Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)

(In thousands)

Class A

Class B







Balance at December 31, 2022	$	268,147	3,184	16,309	(137,044)	(22,806)	127,790
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)	—		—	4,872	—	—	4,872
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	—	21,579	—	21,579
Total comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	4,872	21,579	—	26,451

Stock-based compensation	50		—	—	—	—	50
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	268,197	3,184	21,181	(115,465)	(22,806)	154,291


Balance at December 31, 2020		$	262,869	3,184	(82,352)	128,255	(11,011)	300,945
Balance at December 31, 2021									Balance at December 31, 2021	$	265,561	3,184	(9,698)	(138,989)	(20,101)	99,957
Comprehensive income (loss):	Comprehensive income (loss):								Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)	Net income (loss)	—		—	(3,573)	—	—	(3,573)	Net income (loss)	—		—	6,449	—	—	6,449
Unrealized investment gains (losses), net		—		—	—	(56,518)	—	(56,518)
Other comprehensive income (loss)									Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	—	17,189	—	17,189
Total comprehensive income (loss)	Total comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	(3,573)	(56,518)	—	(60,091)	Total comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	6,449	17,189	—	23,638
Issuance of common stock									Issuance of common stock	1,788		—	—	—	—	1,788
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation	(14)		—	—	—	—	(14)	Stock-based compensation	93		—	—	—	—	93
Balance at March 31, 2021		262,855		3,184	(85,925)	71,737	(11,011)	240,840
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)		—		—	5,022	—	—	5,022
Unrealized investment gains (losses), net		—		—	—	32,148	—	32,148
Total comprehensive income (loss)		—		—	5,022	32,148	—	37,170
Acquisition of treasury stock		—		—	—	—	(9,090)	(9,090)
Stock-based compensation		205		—	—	—	—	205
Balance at June 30, 2021		$	263,060	3,184	(80,903)	103,885	(20,101)	269,125
Balance at March 31, 2022									Balance at March 31, 2022	$	267,442	3,184	(3,249)	(121,800)	(20,101)	125,476

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 5

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)


Six Months Ended June 30, (In thousands)		2022		2021
Three Months Ended March 31, (In thousands)					Three Months Ended March 31, (In thousands)	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:	Cash flows from operating activities:				Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	Net income (loss)	$	(4,881)	1,449	Net income (loss)	$	4,872	6,449
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:	Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:				Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Investment related (gains) losses on sale of investments and other assets	Investment related (gains) losses on sale of investments and other assets	5,598		(5,151)	Investment related (gains) losses on sale of investments and other assets	288		582
Net deferred policy acquisition costs	Net deferred policy acquisition costs	822		1,485	Net deferred policy acquisition costs	(2,544)		(1,222)
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	499		676	Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	161		129
Depreciation	Depreciation	288		761	Depreciation	122		153
Amortization of premiums and discounts on investments	Amortization of premiums and discounts on investments	2,658		2,715	Amortization of premiums and discounts on investments	1,203		1,386
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation	150		306	Stock-based compensation	70		132
Deferred federal income tax expense (benefit)	Deferred federal income tax expense (benefit)	238		(141)	Deferred federal income tax expense (benefit)	706		896
Change in:	Change in:				Change in:
Accrued investment income	Accrued investment income	(300)		(164)	Accrued investment income	173		442
Reinsurance recoverable	Reinsurance recoverable	2,113		931	Reinsurance recoverable	237		1,965
Due premiums	Due premiums	1,210		1,973	Due premiums	2,648		1,777
Future policy benefit reserves	Future policy benefit reserves	15,861		11,432	Future policy benefit reserves	(125)		706
Other policyholders' liabilities	Other policyholders' liabilities	(571)		6,891	Other policyholders' liabilities	1,582		(2,406)
Federal income tax payable	Federal income tax payable	(255)		1,555	Federal income tax payable	1,138		(166)
Commissions payable and other liabilities	Commissions payable and other liabilities	246		(14,494)	Commissions payable and other liabilities	(2,673)		1,489
Other, net	Other, net	(1,329)		(1,246)	Other, net	(504)		(172)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	22,347		8,978	Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	7,354		12,140
Cash flows from investing activities:	Cash flows from investing activities:				Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	Purchases of fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	(64,689)		(48,106)	Purchases of fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	(25,114)		(26,050)
Sales of fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	Sales of fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	28,828		7,254	Sales of fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	2,865		1,100
Maturities and calls of fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	Maturities and calls of fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	18,234		29,574	Maturities and calls of fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	14,426		10,435

Principal payments on mortgage loans	Principal payments on mortgage loans	95		5	Principal payments on mortgage loans	2		2

(Increase) decrease in policy loans, net	(Increase) decrease in policy loans, net	1,721		2,697	(Increase) decrease in policy loans, net	114		962
Sales of other long-term investments	Sales of other long-term investments	2,699		17,341	Sales of other long-term investments	249		1,681
Purchases of other long-term investments	Purchases of other long-term investments	(14,746)		(12,203)	Purchases of other long-term investments	(3,495)		(7,940)

Purchases of property and equipment	Purchases of property and equipment	(51)		(773)	Purchases of property and equipment	(73)		(34)

Purchases of short-term investments	Purchases of short-term investments	(5)		—	Purchases of short-term investments	—		(5)

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(27,914)		(4,211)	Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(11,026)		(19,849)

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.	See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.				See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 6


CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES	CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES				CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Continued	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Continued				Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Continued
(Unaudited)	(Unaudited)				(Unaudited)

Six Months Ended June 30, (In thousands)		2022		2021
Three Months Ended March 31, (In thousands)					Three Months Ended March 31, (In thousands)	2023		2022
Cash flows from financing activities:	Cash flows from financing activities:				Cash flows from financing activities:
Annuity deposits	Annuity deposits	$	4,160	4,793	Annuity deposits	$	2,008	2,227
Annuity withdrawals	Annuity withdrawals	(4,319)		(4,113)	Annuity withdrawals	(2,365)		(2,263)
Acquisition of treasury stock		(1,300)		(9,090)

Issuance of common stock	Issuance of common stock	2,244		—	Issuance of common stock	—		1,788
Other	Other	(105)		(363)	Other	(20)		(39)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	680		(8,773)	Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(377)		1,713
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(4,887)		(4,006)	Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(4,049)		(5,996)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	27,294		34,131	Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	22,973		27,294
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	22,407	30,125	Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	18,924	21,298

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

During the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021,~~ various fixed maturity issuers exchanged securities with book values of ~~$6.1~~$2.1 million and ~~$6.4~~$0.6 million, respectively, for securities of equal value.

The Company had ~~$3.3 million~~no net unsettled security trades ~~at June 30, 2022~~during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and ~~$0.9~~$3.8 million ~~at June 30, 2021.~~during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

The Company recognized no right-of-use assets ~~of $0.4 million~~ in exchange for new operating lease liabilities during the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and ~~none~~$0.4 million during the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2021.~~March 31, 2022.

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 7


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

(1) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND CONSOLIDATION

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of Citizens, Inc. ("Citizens" or the "Company"), a Colorado corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, CICA Life Insurance Company of America ("CICA"), CICA Life Ltd. ("CICA International"), CICA Life A.I., a Puerto Rico company ("CICA PR"), Citizens National Life Insurance Company ("CNLIC"), Security Plan Life Insurance Company ("SPLIC"), Security Plan Fire Insurance Company ("SPFIC"), Magnolia Guaranty Life Insurance Company ("MGLIC") ~~and~~, Computing Technology, Inc. ("CTI"), and Nexo Global Services, LLC ("Nexo"). All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Citizens and its wholly-owned subsidiaries are collectively referred to as the "Company", "it", "we", "us" or "our".

The consolidated balance sheet as of ~~June 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and stockholders' equity (deficit) for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 ~~and June 30, 2021~~ and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 ~~and June 30, 2021~~ have been prepared by the Company without audit and are not subject to audit. In the opinion of management, all normal and recurring adjustments to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and changes in cash flows at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and for comparative periods have been made. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements do not include all the information and footnotes required for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021~~2022 ("Form 10-K"). Operating results for the interim periods disclosed herein are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full year or any future period.

Our Life Insurance segment operates through CICA International, CICA PR, CICA and CNLIC. ~~Our~~Until December 31, 2022, our international life insurance business, ~~which operates~~operated through CICA ~~International, issues~~International. Beginning January 1, 2023, all new international policies are issued by CICA PR. These companies provide U.S. dollar-denominated endowment contracts internationally, which are principally accumulation contracts that incorporate an element of life insurance protection and ordinary whole life insurance in U.S. dollar-denominated amounts sold to non-U.S. residents. These contracts are designed to provide a fixed amount of insurance coverage over the life of the insured and may utilize rider benefits to provide additional increasing or decreasing coverage and annuity benefits to enhance accumulations. Our domestic life insurance business operates through CICA and CNLIC. CICA issues ordinary whole life, credit life and disability policies and CNLIC issues ordinary whole life and critical illness policies mainly in Texas and ~~Florida and both~~Florida. Both companies service whole life and accident and health policies primarily in the Southern U.S., Midwest and Mountain West.

Our Home Service Insurance segment operates through our subsidiaries SPLIC, MGLIC and SPFIC, and focuses on the life insurance needs of the middle- and lower-income markets, primarily in Louisiana, Mississippi and Arkansas. Our products in this segment consist primarily of small face amount ordinary whole life, industrial life and pre-need policies, which are designed to fund final expenses for the insured, primarily consisting of funeral and burial costs as well as critical illness and property insurance policies, which cover dwelling and contents.

CTI provides data processing systems and services to the Company.

We converted the small block of ordinary whole life policies of CNLIC from a legacy platform to our new actuarial valuation software solution which provides enhanced modeling capabilities as of April 1, 2021. The impact of this system conversion reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 was an increase to pretax income of $0.7 million consisting of a reduced increase in future policy benefit reserves of $0.8 million and increased amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs of $0.1 million.

~~June 30, 2022 | 10-Q 8~~


~~CITIZENS, INC~~.	~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
		~~(Unaudited~~)

USE OF ESTIMATES

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 8


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Significant estimates include those used in the evaluation of credit allowances on fixed maturity securities, actuarially determined assets and liabilities and assumptions and valuation allowance on deferred tax assets. Certain of these estimates are particularly sensitive to market conditions, and deterioration and/or volatility in the worldwide debt or equity markets could have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

For a description of ~~our~~all significant accounting policies, see Part IV, Item 15, Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in our Form 10-K, which should be read in conjunction with these accompanying consolidated financial statements.

DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS

Deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”) are costs that are incremental and directly related to the successful acquisition of new or renewal insurance contracts. Such costs include the incremental direct costs of contract acquisition, such as sales commissions; the portion of employees’ total compensation and payroll-related fringe benefits related directly to time spent performing acquisition activities, such as underwriting, issuing, and processing policies for contracts that have actually been acquired; and other costs related directly to acquisition activities that would not have been incurred if the contract had not been acquired.

Contracts are grouped by contract type and issue year into cohorts consistent with the grouping used in estimating the associated liability. DAC is amortized on a constant level basis for the grouped contracts over the expected term of the related contracts to approximate straight-line amortization. For the Life Insurance Segment, the constant level basis used is policy count in force. For the Home Service Insurance Segment, the constant level basis used is face amount in force. The constant level bases used for amortization are projected using mortality and lapse assumptions that are based on the Company’s experience, industry data, and other factors at the end of each reporting period and are consistent with those used for the liability for future policy benefit life reserves. Annually, the Company completes experience studies with respect to mortality and lapse. If those assumptions are updated, the DAC amortization basis is recalculated and the effect of the assumption change will be reflected in the cohort level amortization in future periods.

Amortization of DAC is included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income or loss. The DAC balance on the consolidated balance sheet is reduced for actual experience in excess of expected experience. Changes in future estimates are recognized prospectively over the remaining expected contract term.

COST OF INSURANCE ACQUIRED

The Company recognizes an intangible asset that arises in the application of GAAP purchase accounting as the difference between the reported value and the fair value of insurance contract liabilities, or comparable amounts determined in purchased insurance business combinations. This intangible asset is referred to as the Cost of Insurance Acquired (“COIA”), which is amortized on a basis consistent with DAC, such that it is amortized in proportion to policies in force for the Life Insurance Segment and face amount in force for the Home Service Insurance Segment to approximate straight-line amortization.

FUTURE POLICY BENEFITS AND EXPENSES

As premium revenue is recognized, a liability for future policy benefits, which is the present value of estimated future policy benefits to be paid to or on behalf of policyholders less the present value of estimated future net premiums to be collected from policyholders, is accrued. The liability is estimated using current assumptions that include discount rate, mortality and lapses. These current assumptions are based on judgements that consider the Company’s historical experience, industry data, and other factors.

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 9


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

For traditional and limited-payment contracts, contracts are grouped into cohorts by contract type and issue year. Our reporting cohorts are (i) Permanent, which summarizes insurance policies with premiums payable over the lifetime of the policy, and (ii) Permanent Limited Pay, which summarizes insurance policies with premiums payable for a limited time after which the policy is fully paid up. Both reporting cohorts include whole life and endowment policies. The liability is adjusted for differences between actual and expected experience. The Company reviews its historical cash flow assumptions quarterly and in the third quarter of the year, the Company reviews its future cash flow assumptions. The net premium ratio used to calculate the liability is updated each quarter based on the current period's actual experience relative to expected experience. The revised net premium ratio is used to derive an updated liability for future policy benefits as of the beginning of the current reporting period, discounted at the locked-in discount rate. This amount is then compared to the carrying amount of the liability as of that same date, before the updating of cash flow assumptions, to determine the current period change in liability estimate. The current period change in the liability is the policyholder liability remeasurement gain or loss and is presented as a separate component of total insurance benefits paid or provided in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income or loss. In subsequent periods, the revised net premiums are used to measure the liability for future policy benefits, subject to future revisions.

For traditional and limited-payment contracts, the current discount rate assumption is a yield curve that equals the yield of an upper-medium grade fixed income instrument, based on an A-quality corporate bonds. The Company selects fixed-income instruments that have been A rated by one of the major credit rating agencies, such as Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s, or Fitch. The current discount rate assumption is updated quarterly and used to remeasure the liability at the reporting date, with the resulting change reflected in other comprehensive income. For liability cash flows that are projected beyond the duration of market-observable A credit-rated fixed-income instruments, the Company uses the last market-observable yield level and uses linear interpolation to determine yield assumptions for durations that do not have market observable yields. The locked-in discount rate for policies issued prior to transition equals the rate set at contract issuance. For current year issues, the locked-in discount rate is the average of the current year quarterly discount rates and will change throughout the year as new discount rates are calculated, with the change reflected in net income.

DEFERRED PROFIT LIABILITY

For limited-payment products, gross premiums received in excess of net premiums are deferred at initial recognition as a deferred profit liability (“DPL”). Gross premiums are measured using assumptions consistent with those used in the measurement of the liability for future policy benefit life reserves, including discount rate, mortality and lapses.

The DPL is amortized and recognized in net income within the increase in future policy benefit reserves. The amortization basis for the DPL is the present value of insurance in force for life insurance contracts. Interest is accreted on the balance of the DPL using the locked-in discount rate. The Company reviews and updates its estimates of cash flows for the DPL at the same time as the estimates of cash flows for the liability for future policy benefit life reserves. The DPL is updated each quarter based on the current period's actual experience relative to expected experience with the changes recorded within the increase in future policy benefit reserves in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income or loss. On the consolidated balance sheets, DPL is recorded as a component of the liability for future policy benefits.

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 10


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

(2) ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

ACCOUNTING STANDARDS RECENTLY ADOPTED

Impacts at Transition Date

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") No. 2018-12, Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts. The Company adopted ASU 2018-12 for the liability for future policy benefits, DAC and COIA on a modified retrospective basis such that those balances were adjusted to conform to ASU 2018-12 effective January 1, 2021. The following table summarizes the balance of and changes in the liability for future policy benefits, annuity reserves, DAC and COIA due to the adoption of ASU 2018-12.


(In thousands)	Life Insurance Segment		Home Services Insurance Segment	Consolidated
Liability for Future Policy Benefits
Pre-adoption liability as of 12/31/2020	$	987,373	255,513	1,242,886

Change in discount rate assumptions	261,823		108,468	370,291
Effect of reserve changes	6		96	102
Post-adoption liability as of 1/1/2021	$	1,249,202	364,077	1,613,279

Fixed Annuity Liability
Pre-adoption liability as of 12/31/2020	$	60,027	18,277	78,304
Adjustments for the removal of shadow adjustments	—		3,426	3,426
Post-adoption liability as of 1/1/2021	$	60,027	21,703	81,730

Deferred Acquisition Costs
Pre-adoption balance as of 12/31/2020	$	94,771	10,142	104,913
Adjustments for the removal of shadow adjustments	8,270		29,905	38,175
Impact of flooring cohorts at zero	23		12	35
Post adoption balance as of 1/1/2021	$	103,064	40,059	143,123

Cost of Insurance Acquired
Pre-adoption balance as of 12/31/2020	$	1,734	9,807	11,541
Adjustments for the removal of shadow adjustments	—		484	484
Post adoption balance as of 1/1/2021	$	1,734	10,291	12,025

At transition, the Company recorded a charge of $0.1 million to retained earnings, net of tax, primarily from capping net premium ratios for certain policyholder benefit cohorts at 100%, increasing reserves for certain non-premium paying cohorts and flooring certain DAC cohorts at zero. Other comprehensive income ("OCI") was reduced by $316.8 million primarily due to the difference in the discount rate used prior to transition and the discount rate at January 1, 2021. The Company also removed shadow adjustments previously recorded in OCI for the impact of unrealized gains and losses on annuity products that previously amortized unearned revenue, DAC and COIA over expected future gross profits.

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 11


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

Impacts to Previously Reported Results

Adoption of the standard impacted our previously reported consolidated financial results are as follows:


(in thousands, except per share amounts)	As Previously Reported		Adoption of New Standard	Post Adoption
As of December 31, 2022
Consolidated Balance Sheet
Deferred policy acquisition costs	$	140,167	22,760	162,927
Cost of insurance acquired	10,260		387	10,647
Deferred tax asset, net	2,414		(2,414)	—

Future policy benefit reserves:
Life insurance	1,305,506		(106,859)	1,198,647
Annuities	91,234		(91,234)	—
Policyholders' funds:
Annuities	—		121,422	121,422
Other policyholders' funds	40,497		(32,996)	7,501
Deferred federal income tax liability	—		3,653	3,653
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)	(52,203)		68,512	16,309
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(195,279)		58,235	(137,044)

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Consolidated Statement of Operations
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves	$	6,569	(6,455)	114
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss	—		668	668
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	5,817		(2,258)	3,559
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	236		(107)	129
Federal income tax expense (benefit)	359		370	729
Basic and diluted earnings (losses) per share of Class A common stock	(0.03)		0.16	0.13

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period	$	(133,342)	577	(132,765)
Change in current discount rate for liability for future policy benefits	—		151,607	151,607
Income tax expense (benefit) on other comprehensive income items	(9,066)		10,778	1,712

ACCOUNTING STANDARDS NOT YET ADOPTED

~~In August 2018,~~On June 30, 2022, the ~~Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB")~~FASB issued ~~Accounting Standards Update ("ASU")~~ASU No. ~~2018-12,~~2022-03, ~~Financial Services-Insurance~~Fair Value Measurement (Topic ~~944): Targeted Improvements~~820: Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to ~~the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts.~~Contractual Sale Restrictions. This ~~ASU amends four key areas~~standard clarifies that contractual restrictions on equity security sales are not considered part of the ~~accounting~~security unit of account and, ~~impacts disclosures for long-duration insurance~~therefore, are not considered in measuring fair value. In addition, the amendments clarify that an entity cannot, as a separate unit of account, recognize and ~~investment contracts:~~

•~~Requires updated assumptions for liability measurement.~~ ~~Assumptions used to~~ measure ~~the liability for traditional insurance contracts, which~~a contractual sale restriction. Disclosures on such restrictions are ~~typically determined at contract inception, will now be reviewed at least annually, and, if there is a change, updated, with the effect recorded in net income;~~also required.

•~~Standardizes the liability discount rate.~~ ~~The liability discount rate will be a market-observable discount rate (upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yield), with the effect of rate changes recorded in other comprehensive income;~~

•~~Provides greater consistency in measurement of market risk benefits.~~ The two previous measurement models have been reduced to one measurement model (fair value), resulting in greater uniformity across similar market-based benefits and better alignment with the fair value measurement of derivatives used to hedge capital market risk;

•~~Simplifies amortization of deferred acquisition costs ("DAC").~~ ~~Previous earnings-based amortization methods have been replaced with a more level amortization basis; and~~

•~~Requires enhanced disclosures.~~ ~~The new disclosures include rollforwards and information about significant assumptions and the effects of changes in those assumptions.~~

For calendar-year public companies, the changes will be effective on January 1, 2023, however, early adoption is permitted. We will adopt this ASU effective January 1, 2023 with a transition date of January 1, 2021 using a modified retrospective approach. We continue to make progress in our implementation process that includes, but is not limited to, making significant accounting policy decisions, employing appropriate internal controls, building and updating actuarial models and systems, revising reporting processes and developing informative qualitative and quantitative disclosures. In 2022, we have begun the process of calculating our transition adjustments and preparing for the restatement of applicable periods. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations and will be able to better assess the effects as we progress with our implementation efforts. While it is not possible to estimate the expected impact of adoption at this

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 912


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

~~time,~~The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and are required to be applied prospectively, with any adjustments from the ~~Company believes there~~adoption recognized in earnings and disclosed. Early adoption is ~~a reasonable possibility that implementing~~available. Adoption of this ~~ASU may result in a material~~standard will have no impact ~~to accumulated other comprehensive income and future earnings patterns.~~on our consolidated financial statements.

No other new accounting pronouncements issued or effective during the year had, or is expected to have, a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

(3) ~~SEGMENT INFORMATION~~INVESTMENTS

The Company ~~has 2 reportable segments: Life Insurance~~invests primarily in fixed maturity securities, which totaled 87.0% of total cash and Home Service Insurance. Our Life Insurance segment primarily issues endowment contracts, which are principally accumulation contracts that incorporate an element of life insurance protection and ordinary whole life insurance, to non-U.S. residents through CICA International. These contracts are designed to provide a fixed amount of insurance coverage over the life of the insured and may utilize rider benefits to provide additional coverage and annuity benefits to enhance accumulations. CICA issues credit life, credit disability and accident and health related policies throughout the Midwest and southern U.S. CNLIC issues ordinary whole life and critical illness products in Florida and Texas.invested assets at March 31, 2023, as shown below.

Our Home Service Insurance segment operates through our subsidiaries SPLIC, MGLIC and SPFIC, and focuses on the life insurance needs of the middle- and lower-income markets, primarily in Louisiana, Mississippi and Arkansas. Our policies are sold and serviced through funeral homes and independent agents who sell policies, collect premiums and service policyholders. Our Home Service Insurance segment also sells property insurance policies in Louisiana and Arkansas.


Carrying Value (In thousands, except for %)	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Amount		%		Amount	%

Cash and invested assets:
Fixed maturity securities	$	1,229,691	87.0	%	1,179,619	86.5	%
Equity securities	11,899		0.8	%	11,590	0.8	%
Policy loans	78,659		5.6	%	78,773	5.8	%
Other long-term investments	72,254		5.1	%	69,558	5.1	%
Short-term investments	1,244		0.1	%	1,241	0.1	%
Cash and cash equivalents	18,924		1.4	%	22,973	1.7	%

Total cash and invested assets	$	1,412,671	100.0	%	1,363,754	100.0	%

The ~~Life Insurance~~following tables represent the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and ~~Home Service Insurance portions~~losses and fair value of fixed maturity securities as of the company constitute separate businesses. The Company also operates other non-insurance portions of the Company ("Other Non-Insurance Enterprises"), which primarily include the Company’s IT and corporate-support functions that are included in the tables presented below to properly reconcile the segment information with the consolidated financial statements of the Company. The Company's Other Non-Insurance Enterprises is the only reportable difference between segments and consolidated operations.dates indicated.

The accounting policies of the reportable segments and Other Non-Insurance Enterprises are presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP and are the same as those used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. The Company evaluates profit and loss performance based on U.S. GAAP income or loss before federal income taxes for its 2 reportable segments.


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains	Gross Unrealized Losses	Fair Value
March 31, 2023
(In thousands)

Fixed maturity securities:
Available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	5,720	215	10	5,925
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	3,427		337	1	3,763
States and political subdivisions	334,887		2,311	28,618	308,580
Corporate:
Financial	249,030		790	36,119	213,701
Consumer	250,189		1,634	38,514	213,309
Utilities	121,236		269	20,204	101,301
Energy	74,564		42	8,840	65,766
All other	186,640		813	22,556	164,897
Commercial mortgage-backed	171		—	3	168
Residential mortgage-backed	110,579		10	7,686	102,903
Asset-backed	51,376		333	2,432	49,277
Foreign governments	100		1	—	101
Total fixed maturity securities	$	1,387,919	6,755	164,983	1,229,691

~~June 30, 2022 | 10-Q 10~~


~~CITIZENS, INC~~.	~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
		~~(Unaudited~~)

Life Insurance Home Service Insurance Other Non-Insurance Enterprises Consolidated
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
(In thousands)
Revenues:
Premiums $ 29,834 12,390 — 42,224
Net investment income 12,347 3,283 262 15,892
Investment related gains (losses), net (3,984) (925) (107) (5,016)
Other income 633 1 — 634
Total revenues 38,830 14,749 155 53,734
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders 21,568 5,529 — 27,097
Increase in future policy benefit reserves 7,576 1,802 — 9,378
Policyholders' dividends 1,509 6 — 1,515
Total insurance benefits paid or provided 30,653 7,337 — 37,990
Commissions 4,792 4,132 — 8,924
Other general expenses 5,358 3,515 1,527 10,400
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs (4,307) (1,877) — (6,184)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs 4,613 1,357 — 5,970
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired 84 179 — 263
Total benefits and expenses 41,193 14,643 1,527 57,363
Income (loss) before federal income tax expense $ (2,363) 106 (1,372) (3,629)

~~June 30, 2022 | 10-Q 11~~


~~CITIZENS, INC~~.	~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
		~~(Unaudited~~)

Life Insurance Home Service Insurance Other Non-Insurance Enterprises Consolidated
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
(In thousands)
Revenues:
Premiums $ 56,765 24,823 — 81,588
Net investment income 24,318 6,527 534 31,379
Investment related gains (losses), net (4,277) (1,167) (154) (5,598)
Other income 1,721 1 — 1,722
Total revenues 78,527 30,184 380 109,091
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders 43,026 12,505 — 55,531
Increase in future policy benefit reserves 12,706 3,241 — 15,947
Policyholders' dividends 2,859 9 — 2,868
Total insurance benefits paid or provided 58,591 15,755 — 74,346
Commissions 8,598 7,999 — 16,597
Other general expenses 11,049 7,865 2,516 21,430
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs (7,613) (3,352) — (10,965)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs 9,095 2,692 — 11,787
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired 140 359 — 499
Total benefits and expenses 79,860 31,318 2,516 113,694
Income (loss) before federal income tax expense $ (1,333) (1,134) (2,136) (4,603)

~~June 30, 2022 | 10-Q 12~~


~~CITIZENS, INC~~.	~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
		~~(Unaudited~~)

Life Insurance Home Service Insurance Other Non-Insurance Enterprises Consolidated
Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
(In thousands)
Revenues:
Premiums $ 30,138 12,688 — 42,826
Net investment income 11,879 3,243 198 15,320
Investment related gains (losses), net 4,644 206 9 4,859
Other income 553 — — 553
Total revenues 47,214 16,137 207 63,558
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders 23,531 5,765 — 29,296
Increase in future policy benefit reserves 4,054 2,233 — 6,287
Policyholders' dividends 1,466 9 — 1,475
Total insurance benefits paid or provided 29,051 8,007 — 37,058
Commissions 4,398 4,403 — 8,801
Other general expenses 5,147 4,084 2,272 11,503
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs (3,816) (1,971) — (5,787)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs 5,200 874 — 6,074
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired 107 202 — 309
Total benefits and expenses 40,087 15,599 2,272 57,958
Income (loss) before federal income tax expense $ 7,127 538 (2,065) 5,600

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 13


~~CITIZENS, INC~~.	~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
		~~(Unaudited~~)

Life Insurance Home Service Insurance Other Non-Insurance Enterprises Consolidated
Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
(In thousands)
Revenues:
Premiums $ 57,201 24,657 — 81,858
Net investment income 23,477 6,588 499 30,564
Investment related gains (losses), net 4,536 429 186 5,151
Other income 1,466 2 — 1,468
Total revenues 86,680 31,676 685 119,041
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders 46,801 13,084 — 59,885
Increase in future policy benefit reserves 7,712 3,807 — 11,519
Policyholders' dividends 2,762 19 — 2,781
Total insurance benefits paid or provided 57,275 16,910 — 74,185
Commissions 8,629 8,329 — 16,958
Other general expenses 10,373 7,878 4,634 22,885
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs (7,377) (3,395) — (10,772)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs 10,548 1,709 — 12,257
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired 211 465 — 676
Total benefits and expenses 79,659 31,896 4,634 116,189
Income (loss) before federal income tax expense $ 7,021 (220) (3,949) 2,852

~~June 30, 2022 | 10-Q 14~~


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

~~(4)~~ ~~STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND RESTRICTIONS~~

~~STOCK~~

Our Restated and Amended Articles of Incorporation authorize the issuance of 127,000,000 shares, of which 100,000,000 shares shall be Class A common stock, 2,000,000 shares shall be Class B common stock, and 25,000,000 shall be preferred stock. The 2 authorized classes of common stock are equal in all respects, except (a) each share of Class A common stock is entitled to receive twice the cash dividends paid on a per share basis to the Class B common stock, if any; and (b) the holders of the Class B common stock have the exclusive right to elect a simple majority of the board of Directors of Citizens. In April 2021, we repurchased all of the outstanding Class B common stock, which is now classified as treasury stock. As a result, all of the directors are elected by the holders of the Class A common stock. Citizens has never issued any preferred stock.

~~A summary of the change in gross number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock and treasury stock is as follows:~~

Six Months Ended June 30,
2022 2021
(In thousands) Common Stock Treasury Common Stock Treasury
Class A Class B Stock Class A Class B Stock
Balance at beginning of year 53,170 1,002 4,138 52,654 1,002 3,136
Stock issued under stock investment plan 475 — — — — —
Stock issued for compensation 81 — — 112 — —
Acquisition of Class A shares — — 392 — — —
Acquisition of Class B shares — — — — — 1,002
Other share issuance 16 — — — — —
Balance at end of period 53,742 1,002 4,530 52,766 1,002 4,138

~~June 30, 2022 | 10-Q 15~~


~~CITIZENS, INC~~.	~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
		~~(Unaudited~~)

~~EARNINGS PER SHARE~~

~~The following tables set forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share.~~

Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Numerator:
Net income (loss) $ (3,548) 5,022
Net income (loss) allocated to Class A common stock $ (3,548) 5,010
Net income (loss) allocated to Class B common stock — 12
Net income (loss) $ (3,548) 5,022
Denominator:
Weighted average shares of Class A outstanding - basic 50,373 49,602
Weighted average shares of Class A outstanding - diluted 51,065 50,192
Weighted average shares of Class B outstanding - basic and diluted — 250
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock $ (0.07) 0.10
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share of Class B common stock — 0.05

Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Numerator:
Net income (loss) $ (4,881) 1,449
Net income (loss) allocated to Class A common stock $ (4,881) 1,441
Net income (loss) allocated to Class B common stock — 8
Net income (loss) $ (4,881) 1,449
Denominator:
Weighted average shares of Class A outstanding - basic 50,278 49,578
Weighted average shares of Class A outstanding - diluted 50,970 50,145
Weighted average shares of Class B outstanding - basic and diluted — 572
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock $ (0.10) 0.03
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share of Class B common stock — 0.01

~~CAPITAL AND SURPLUS~~

Each of our regulated insurance subsidiaries is required to meet stipulated regulatory capital requirements. These include capital requirements imposed by the U.S. National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC") and the Bermuda Monetary Authority ("BMA"). All insurance subsidiaries exceeded the minimum capital requirements at June 30, 2022.

~~June 30, 2022 | 10-Q 16~~


~~CITIZENS, INC~~.	~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
		~~(Unaudited~~)

company’s enhanced capital requirement. The TCL serves as an early warning tool for the BMA. As of June 30, 2022, CICA International was above the TCL threshold. At the request of the BMA, on April 15, 2021, Citizens and CICA International entered into a Keep Well Agreement. The Keep Well Agreement requires Citizens to contribute up to $10 million in capital to CICA International as necessary to ensure that CICA International has a minimum capital level of 120% (equal to the TCL). Since CICA International’s capital level currently exceeds 120%, Citizens is not currently required to make a capital contribution.

~~(5)~~ ~~INVESTMENTS~~

~~The Company invests primarily in fixed maturity securities, which totaled 87.4% of total cash and invested assets at June 30, 2022, as shown below.~~

Carrying Value
(In thousands, except for %)
June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Amount % Amount %
Cash and invested assets:
Fixed maturity securities $ 1,237,004 87.4 % 1,470,617 89.0 %
Equity securities 12,711 0.9 % 14,844 0.9 %
Policy loans 78,586 5.5 % 80,307 4.9 %
Other long-term investments 66,002 4.7 % 57,399 3.5 %
Cash and cash equivalents 22,407 1.5 % 27,294 1.7 %
Total cash and invested assets $ 1,416,710 100.0 % 1,650,461 100.0 %

~~The following tables represent the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value of fixed maturity securities as of the dates indicated.~~

Amortized
Cost Gross
Unrealized
Gains Gross
Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value
June 30, 2022
(In thousands)
Fixed maturity securities:
Available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities $ 9,471 458 7 9,922
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises 3,449 485 — 3,934
States and political subdivisions 359,199 5,913 21,723 343,389
Corporate:
Financial 229,937 675 29,961 200,651
Consumer 238,842 1,781 31,996 208,627
Utilities 110,093 191 17,654 92,630
Energy 75,292 21 8,884 66,429
All other 187,706 869 22,150 166,425
Residential mortgage-backed 111,950 197 2,133 110,014
Asset-backed 36,364 28 1,513 34,879
Foreign governments 101 3 — 104
Total fixed maturity securities $ 1,362,404 10,621 136,021 1,237,004

~~June 30, 2022 | 10-Q 17~~


~~CITIZENS, INC~~.	~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
		~~(Unaudited~~)


		Amortized Cost			Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Amortized Cost				Gross Unrealized Gains			Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
December 31, 2021
December 31, 2022						December 31, 2022
(In thousands)	(In thousands)			Amortized Cost				Gross Unrealized Gains					Gross Unrealized Losses				Fair Value	(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses	Fair Value

Fixed maturity securities:	Fixed maturity securities:					Fixed maturity securities:
Available-for-sale:	Available-for-sale:																Available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities	U.S. Treasury securities	$	9,515			1,097			1			10,611		U.S. Treasury securities	$	9,425		152		9		9,568
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	3,463			996		—		4,459	U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	3,434				277			1		3,710
States and political subdivisions	States and political subdivisions	356,594			28,056		692		383,958	States and political subdivisions	344,208				1,114			37,964		307,358
Corporate:	Corporate:									Corporate:
Financial	Financial	213,652			22,477		172		235,957	Financial	243,758				512			42,383		201,887
Consumer	Consumer	219,223			23,658		900		241,981	Consumer	247,824				758			47,138		201,444
Utilities	Utilities	105,738			7,358		801		112,295	Utilities	115,738				39			23,790		91,987
Energy	Energy	76,989			7,334		68		84,255	Energy	76,065				—			11,395		64,670
All other	All other	196,403			22,497		380		218,520	All other	184,022				683			29,048		155,657

Commercial mortgage-backed										Commercial mortgage-backed	171				—			2		169
Residential mortgage-backed	Residential mortgage-backed	117,755			16,046		6		133,795	Residential mortgage-backed	110,582				9			10,765		99,826
Asset-backed	Asset-backed	44,322			368		14		44,676	Asset-backed	45,991				18			2,767		43,242
Foreign governments	Foreign governments	101			9		—		110	Foreign governments	100				1			—		101
Total fixed maturity securities	Total fixed maturity securities	$	1,343,755		129,896		3,034		1,470,617	Total fixed maturity securities	$	1,381,318			3,563			205,262		1,179,619

Most of the Company's equity securities are diversified stock and bond mutual funds.

Fair Value
(In thousands)
June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Equity securities:
Stock mutual funds $ 3,148 3,571
Bond mutual funds 4,407 5,060
Common stock 981 990
Non-redeemable preferred stock 11 161
Non-redeemable preferred stock fund 4,164 5,062
Total equity securities $ 12,711 14,844


Fair Value (In thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022

Equity securities:
Stock mutual funds	$	2,683	2,615
Bond mutual funds	4,409		4,337
Common stock	924		857
Non-redeemable preferred stock	9		8
Non-redeemable preferred stock fund	3,874		3,773
Total equity securities	$	11,899	11,590

VALUATION OF INVESTMENTS

Available-for-sale ("AFS") fixed maturity securities are reported in the consolidated financial statements at fair value. Equity securities are measured at fair value with the change in fair value recorded through net ~~income.~~income (loss). The Company recognized net investment related ~~losses~~gains of ~~$1.2 million and $2.0~~$0.3 million on equity securities held for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and ~~gains~~losses of ~~$0.3 million and $0.6~~$0.8 million for the same ~~periods~~period ended ~~June 30, 2021,~~March 31, 2022, respectively.

The Company considers several factors in its review and evaluation of individual investments, using the process described in Part IV, Item 15, Note 2. Investments in the notes to the consolidated financial statements of our Form 10-K to determine whether a credit valuation loss exists. For the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021,~~ the Company recorded no credit valuation losses on fixed maturity securities.

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 1814


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

The following tables present the fair values and gross unrealized losses of fixed maturity securities that are not deemed to have credit losses, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.


June 30, 2022		Less than 12 months				Greater than 12 months			Total
March 31, 2023												March 31, 2023	Less than 12 months				Greater than 12 months			Total
(In thousands, except for # of securities)	(In thousands, except for # of securities)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses	# of Securities	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses	# of Securities	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses	# of Securities	(In thousands, except for # of securities)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses	# of Securities	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses	# of Securities	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses	# of Securities

Fixed maturity securities:	Fixed maturity securities:											Fixed maturity securities:
Available-for-sale securities:	Available-for-sale securities:											Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	U.S. Treasury securities	$	66	7	2	—	—	—	66	7	2	U.S. Treasury securities	$	514	2	2	66	8	2	580	10	4
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises												U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	223		1	1	—	—	—	223	1	1
States and political subdivisions	States and political subdivisions	149,297		21,429	171	720	294	2	150,017	21,723	173	States and political subdivisions	111,550		5,674	131	80,193	22,944	100	191,743	28,618	231
Corporate:	Corporate:											Corporate:
Financial	Financial	181,314		29,539	218	887	422	1	182,201	29,961	219	Financial	102,783		9,440	119	89,543	26,679	130	192,326	36,119	249
Consumer	Consumer	175,856		30,776	213	2,842	1,220	7	178,698	31,996	220	Consumer	81,680		5,352	90	108,995	33,162	153	190,675	38,514	243
Utilities	Utilities	83,987		15,311	132	4,986	2,343	5	88,973	17,654	137	Utilities	30,814		2,271	55	61,557	17,933	104	92,371	20,204	159
Energy	Energy	64,778		8,884	77	—	—	—	64,778	8,884	77	Energy	36,270		2,270	41	26,992	6,570	37	63,262	8,840	78
All Other	All Other	146,713		21,215	171	2,427	935	1	149,140	22,150	172	All Other	93,285		6,463	99	57,461	16,093	80	150,746	22,556	179

Commercial mortgage-backed												Commercial mortgage-backed	168		3	2	—	—	—	168	3	2
Residential mortgage-backed	Residential mortgage-backed	82,801		2,133	72	—	—	—	82,801	2,133	72	Residential mortgage-backed	101,277		7,354	87	1,296	332	12	102,573	7,686	99
Asset-backed	Asset-backed	30,469		1,436	35	1,643	77	2	32,112	1,513	37	Asset-backed	12,725		692	19	23,609	1,740	28	36,334	2,432	47

Total fixed maturity securities	Total fixed maturity securities	$	915,281	130,730	1,091	13,505	5,291	18	928,786	136,021	1,109	Total fixed maturity securities	$	571,289	39,522	646	449,712	125,461	646	1,021,001	164,983	1,292

December 31, 2021 Less than 12 months Greater than 12 months Total
(In thousands, except for # of securities) Fair
Value Unrealized
Losses # of
Securities Fair
Value Unrealized
Losses # of
Securities Fair
Value Unrealized
Losses # of
Securities
Fixed maturity securities:
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Treasury securities $ 72 1 2 — — — 72 1 2
States and political subdivisions 21,715 692 15 — — — 21,715 692 15
Corporate:
Financial 8,059 86 15 1,227 86 1 9,286 172 16
Consumer 29,494 777 28 2,419 123 1 31,913 900 29
Utilities 19,072 401 14 4,523 400 4 23,595 801 18
Energy 7,381 68 8 — — — 7,381 68 8
All Other 14,312 380 16 — — — 14,312 380 16
Residential mortgage-backed 1,084 6 6 — — — 1,084 6 6
Asset-backed 9,078 12 11 663 2 1 9,741 14 12
Total fixed maturity securities $ 110,267 2,423 115 8,832 611 7 119,099 3,034 122

In each category of our fixed maturity securities described above, we do not intend to sell our investments and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases. These unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities are due to noncredit-related factors, including widening credit spreads and rising interest rates since purchase, which have little bearing on the recoverability of


December 31, 2022	Less than 12 months				Greater than 12 months			Total
(In thousands, except for # of securities)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses	# of Securities	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses	# of Securities	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses	# of Securities

Fixed maturity securities:
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	—	—	—	64	9	2	64	9	2
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	223		1	1	—	—	—	223	1	1
States and political subdivisions	189,084		30,866	242	14,184	7,098	14	203,268	37,964	256
Corporate:
Financial	182,447		39,122	237	6,144	3,261	16	188,591	42,383	253
Consumer	164,224		34,823	220	23,417	12,315	30	187,641	47,138	250
Utilities	73,483		15,959	152	16,413	7,831	18	89,896	23,790	170
Energy	59,053		9,601	75	5,617	1,794	8	64,670	11,395	83
All Other	140,955		25,337	171	7,910	3,711	15	148,865	29,048	186
Commercial mortgage-backed	168		2	2	—	—	—	168	2	2
Residential mortgage-backed	98,758		10,514	95	759	251	5	99,517	10,765	100
Asset-backed	37,067		2,485	41	4,264	282	9	41,331	2,767	50
Total fixed maturity securities	$	945,462	168,710	1,236	78,772	36,552	117	1,024,234	205,262	1,353

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 1915


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

In each category of our fixed maturity securities described above, we do not intend to sell our investments ~~hence they are~~and it is not ~~recognized as credit losses. The fair value is expected~~more likely than not that the Company will be required to ~~recover as~~sell the ~~securities approach maturity or if market yields for such~~ investments ~~decline.~~before recovery of their amortized cost bases. As of ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021, 97.6% and 98.0%, respectively,~~2022, 98.7% of the fair value of our fixed maturity securities portfolio was rated investment grade. While the losses are currently unrealized, we continue to monitor all fixed maturity securities on an ~~ongoing~~on-going basis as future information may become available which could result in an allowance being recorded. While we experience unrealized losses across several corporate sectors, the financial sector includes exposure to banks which have been impacted the most by recent economic and interest rate pressures. We have assessed our exposure in this sector and believe our investments have access to sufficient liquidity to meet their debt obligations.

These unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities are due to noncredit-related factors, including widening credit spreads and rising interest rates since purchase, which have little bearing on the recoverability of our investments, hence they are not recognized as credit losses. The fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach maturity or if market yields for such investments decline.

The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity securities at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 by contractual maturity are shown in the table below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date have been reflected based upon final stated maturity.


June 30, 2022		Amortized Cost				Fair Value
March 31, 2023				March 31, 2023	Amortized Cost				Fair Value
(In thousands)	(In thousands)			Amortized Cost				Fair Value		(In thousands)
Fixed maturity securities:	Fixed maturity securities:					Fixed maturity securities:
Due in one year or less	Due in one year or less	$	34,225			34,518	Due in one year or less	$	9,753		9,718
Due after one year through five years	Due after one year through five years	116,768				117,642	Due after one year through five years	131,003			129,487
Due after five years through ten years	Due after five years through ten years	214,234				210,114	Due after five years through ten years	248,095			240,207
Due after ten years	Due after ten years	997,177				874,730	Due after ten years	999,068			850,279
Total fixed maturity securities	Total fixed maturity securities	$	1,362,404			1,237,004	Total fixed maturity securities	$	1,387,919		1,229,691

The Company uses the specific identification method of the individual security to determine the cost basis used in the calculation of realized gains and losses related to security sales.


		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended			Three Months Ended
		June 30,			June 30,			March 31,
(In thousands)	(In thousands)	2022		2021	2022	2021	(In thousands)		2023		2022
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale:	Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale:						Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale:
Proceeds	Proceeds	$	27,728	—	28,828	7,254	Proceeds		$	2,865	1,100
Gross realized gains	Gross realized gains	$	101	—	101	100	Gross realized gains		$	5	—
Gross realized losses	Gross realized losses	$	(102)	—	(102)	1	Gross realized losses		$	12	—

The Company sold ~~16 and 17~~4 AFS fixed maturity securities during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and ~~0 and 18~~1 during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2021,~~March 31, 2022, respectively.

~~(6)~~(4) FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We hold AFS fixed maturity securities, which are carried at fair value with changes in fair value reported through other comprehensive income (loss). We also report our equity

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 16


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

securities and certain other long-term investments at fair value with changes in fair value reported through the consolidated statements of operations.

Fair value measurements are generally based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our view of market assumptions in the absence of observable market information. We utilize valuation techniques that maximize the use of

~~June 30, 2022 | 10-Q 20~~


~~CITIZENS, INC~~.	~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
		~~(Unaudited~~)

observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. All assets and liabilities carried at fair value are required to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

•Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

•Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs or whose significant value drivers are observable.

•Level 3 - Instruments whose significant value drivers are unobservable.

Level 1 primarily consists of financial instruments whose value is based on quoted market prices such as U.S. Treasury securities and actively traded mutual fund and stock investments.

Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are valued by independent pricing services or broker quotes. These pricing models are primarily industry-standard models that consider various inputs, such as interest rates, credit spreads and foreign exchange rates for the underlying financial instruments. All significant inputs are observable or derived from observable information in the marketplace or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace. Financial instruments in this category primarily include corporate securities, U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise securities, securities issued by states and political subdivisions and certain mortgage and asset-backed securities.

Level 3 is comprised of financial instruments whose fair value is estimated based on non-binding broker prices utilizing significant inputs not based on or corroborated by readily available market information. We have no investments in this category.

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 2117


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

The following tables set forth our assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated.


June 30, 2022		Level 1			Level 2			Level 3		Total Fair Value
March 31, 2023						March 31, 2023	Level 1						Level 2					Level 3				Total Fair Value
(In thousands)	(In thousands)			Level 1					Level 2			Level 3								Total Fair Value				(In thousands)
Financial Assets	Financial Assets					Financial Assets
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:	Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:																		Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$	9,922		3,934			—			13,856			U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises		$	5,925				3,763				—		9,688
States and political subdivisions	States and political subdivisions	—			343,389			—		343,389			States and political subdivisions		—				308,580				—			308,580
Corporate	Corporate	48			734,714			—		734,762			Corporate		47				758,927				—			758,974

Commercial mortgage-backed													Commercial mortgage-backed		—				168				—			168
Residential mortgage-backed	Residential mortgage-backed	—			110,014			—		110,014			Residential mortgage-backed		—				102,903				—			102,903
Asset-backed	Asset-backed	—			34,879			—		34,879			Asset-backed		—				49,277				—			49,277
Foreign governments	Foreign governments	—			104			—		104			Foreign governments		—				101				—			101
Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	9,970			1,227,034			—		1,237,004			Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale		5,972				1,223,719				—			1,229,691

Equity securities:	Equity securities:												Equity securities:
Stock mutual funds	Stock mutual funds	3,148			—			—		3,148			Stock mutual funds		2,683				—				—			2,683
Bond mutual funds	Bond mutual funds	4,407			—			—		4,407			Bond mutual funds		4,409				—				—			4,409
Common stock	Common stock	981			—			—		981			Common stock		924				—				—			924
Non-redeemable preferred stock	Non-redeemable preferred stock	11			—			—		11			Non-redeemable preferred stock		9				—				—			9
Non-redeemable preferred stock fund	Non-redeemable preferred stock fund	4,164			—			—		4,164			Non-redeemable preferred stock fund		3,874				—				—			3,874
Total equity securities	Total equity securities	12,711			—			—		12,711			Total equity securities		11,899				—				—			11,899
Other long-term investments (1)	Other long-term investments (1)	—			—			—		64,732			Other long-term investments (1)		—				—				—			71,990
Total financial assets	Total financial assets	$	22,681		1,227,034			—		1,314,447			Total financial assets		$	17,871			1,223,719				—			1,313,580

(1) In accordance with Subtopic 820-10, certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient are not classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the consolidated balance ~~sheet.~~sheets.

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 2218


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)


December 31, 2021		Level 1			Level 2			Level 3		Total Fair Value
December 31, 2022						December 31, 2022	Level 1						Level 2					Level 3				Total Fair Value
(In thousands)	(In thousands)			Level 1					Level 2			Level 3								Total Fair Value				(In thousands)
Financial Assets	Financial Assets					Financial Assets
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:	Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:																		Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$	10,611		4,459			—			15,070			U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises		$	9,568				3,710				—		13,278
States and political subdivisions	States and political subdivisions	—			383,958			—		383,958			States and political subdivisions		—				307,358				—			307,358
Corporate	Corporate	51			892,957			—		893,008			Corporate		44				715,601				—			715,645

Commercial mortgage-backed													Commercial mortgage-backed		—				169				—			169
Residential mortgage-backed	Residential mortgage-backed	—			133,795			—		133,795			Residential mortgage-backed		—				99,826				—			99,826
Asset-backed	Asset-backed	—			44,676			—		44,676			Asset-backed		—				43,242				—			43,242
Foreign governments	Foreign governments	—			110			—		110			Foreign governments		—				101				—			101
Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	10,662			1,459,955			—		1,470,617			Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale		9,612				1,170,007				—			1,179,619

Equity securities:	Equity securities:												Equity securities:
Stock mutual funds	Stock mutual funds	3,571			—			—		3,571			Stock mutual funds		2,615				—				—			2,615
Bond mutual funds	Bond mutual funds	5,060			—			—		5,060			Bond mutual funds		4,337				—				—			4,337
Common stock	Common stock	990			—			—		990			Common stock		857				—				—			857
Non-redeemable preferred stock	Non-redeemable preferred stock	161			—			—		161			Non-redeemable preferred stock		8				—				—			8
Non-redeemable preferred stock fund	Non-redeemable preferred stock fund	5,062			—			—		5,062			Non-redeemable preferred stock fund		3,773				—				—			3,773
Total equity securities	Total equity securities	14,844			—			—		14,844			Total equity securities		11,590				—				—			11,590
Other long-term investments (1)	Other long-term investments (1)	—			—			—		56,038			Other long-term investments (1)		—				—				—			66,846
Total financial assets	Total financial assets	$	25,506		1,459,955			—		1,541,499			Total financial assets		$	21,202			1,170,007				—			1,258,055
(1) In accordance with Subtopic 820-10, certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient are not classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet.
(1) In accordance with Subtopic 820-10, certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient are not classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets.													(1) In accordance with Subtopic 820-10, certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient are not classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS VALUATION

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS CARRIED AT FAIR VALUE

Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale. At ~~June 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, fixed maturity securities, valued using a third-party pricing source, totaled $1.2 billion for Level 2 assets and comprised ~~93.3%~~93.2% of total reported fair value of our financial assets. The Level 1 and Level 2 valuations are reviewed and updated quarterly through testing by comparisons to separate pricing models, other third-party pricing services, and back tested to recent trades. In addition, we obtain information annually relative to the third-party pricing models and review model parameters for reasonableness. There were no Level 3 assets at ~~June 30, 2022. For the six months ended June 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023. As of March 31, 2023, there were no material changes to the valuation methods or assumptions used to determine fair values, and no broker or third-party prices were changed from the values received.

Equity securities. Our equity securities are classified as Level 1 assets as their fair values are based upon quoted market prices.

Limited partnerships. The Company considers the net asset value ("NAV") to represent the value of the investment fund and is measured by the total value of assets minus the total value of liabilities. The following ~~tables include~~table includes information related to our investments in limited partnerships that calculate NAV per share. For these investments, which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, we use the NAV per share to measure fair value. ~~Changes in the NAV of our limited partnerships are recorded through net income.~~ The Company recognized net investment related losses of ~~$4.4~~$0.6 million and ~~$5.2~~$0.8 million on limited partnerships held for ~~the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and net realized gains of $4.0 million and $4.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30,~~

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 2319


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

~~2021,~~the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively. These investments are included in other long-term investments on the consolidated balance sheets.


			June 30, 2022						December 31, 2021										March 31, 2023								December 31, 2022
			Fair Value Using NAV Per Share		Unfunded Commit- ments	Range (in years)			Fair Value Using NAV Per Share			Unfunded Commit- ments		Range (in years)
(In thousands, except years)							(In thousands, except years)									Fair Value Using NAV Per Share		Unfunded Commit- ments		Range (In years)				Fair Value Using NAV Per Share	Unfunded Commit- ments			Range (In years)
	(In thousands, except years)				Fair Value Using NAV Per Share	Unfunded Commit- ments		Range (in years)					Fair Value Using NAV Per Share		Unfunded Commit- ments							Range (in years)								Description
Limited partnerships	Limited partnerships						Limited partnerships
Middle market	Middle market	Investments in privately-originated, performing senior secured debt primarily in North America-based companies	$	31,776	8,326	5					$	21,947					18,712		10		Middle market			Investments in privately-originated, performing senior secured debt primarily in North America-based companies	$	33,643		3,452		4		$	33,234	6,011	5
Global equity fund	Global equity fund	Investments in common stocks of U.S., international developed and emerging markets with a focus on long-term capital growth	8,707		—	0			10,607			—		0		Global equity fund	Investments in common stocks of U.S., international developed and emerging markets with a focus on long-term capital growth		9,329		—		0				9,037		—		0

Late-stage growth	Late-stage growth	Investments in private late-stage, established companies seeking capital to accelerate growth prior to an IPO or sale	19,314		27,256	5 to 7			20,468			4,459		6		Late-stage growth	Investments in private late-stage, established companies seeking capital to accelerate growth prior to an IPO or sale		18,315		17,172		5 to 7				16,892		18,444		5 to 7
Infrastructure	Infrastructure	Investments in climate infrastructure assets, focusing on renewable power generation in wind and solar energy	4,935		14,988	11			3,016			16,653		12		Infrastructure	Investments in climate infrastructure assets, focusing on renewable power generation in wind and solar energy		10,703		14,926		10 to 12				7,683		4,107		11
Total limited partnerships	Total limited partnerships		$	64,732	50,570				$	56,038		39,824				Total limited partnerships			$	71,990	35,550						$	66,846	28,562

The majority of our limited partnership investments are not redeemable because distributions from the funds will be received when the underlying investments of the ~~partnerships~~funds are liquidated. The life spans indicated above may be shortened or extended at the fund manager's discretion, typically in one or two-year increments. The global equity fund is redeemable monthly.

We initially estimate the fair value of investments in limited partnerships by reference to the transaction price. Subsequently, we obtain the fair value of these investments from net asset value information provided by the general partner or manager of the investments, the financial statements of which are audited annually. We carried no limited partnership investments at cost at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

We review the fair value hierarchy classifications each reporting period. Changes in the observability of the valuation attributes may result in a reclassification of certain financial assets. Such reclassifications are reported as transfers in and out of Level 3 at the beginning fair value for the reporting period in which the changes occur. There were no transfers in or out of Level 3 during the six months ended June 30, 2022 or 2021.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS NOT CARRIED AT FAIR VALUE

Estimates of fair values are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market prices and information about the financial instruments. The estimated fair values of financial instruments presented below are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company might realize in actual market transactions.

The carrying amount and fair value for the financial assets and liabilities on the consolidated financial statements not otherwise disclosed for the periods indicated were as follows:


	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value	Carrying Value	Fair Value

Financial Assets:
Policy loans	$	78,659	78,659	78,773	78,773

Residential mortgage loan	47		48	49	50

Cash and cash equivalents	18,924		18,924	22,973	22,973
Financial Liabilities:
Annuity - investment contracts	67,799		62,968	67,344	61,701

~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 20


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

Policy loans. Policy loans had a weighted average annual interest rate of 7.7% at both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and no specified maturity dates. The aggregate fair value of policy loans approximates the carrying value reflected on the consolidated balance sheets. Policy loans are an integral part of the life insurance policies we have in force, cannot be valued separately and are not marketable. Therefore, the fair value of policy loans approximates the carrying value and policy loans are considered Level 3 assets in the fair value hierarchy.

Residential mortgage loan. The mortgage loan is secured principally by a residential property. The interest rate for this loan was approximately 7.0% at both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. At March 31, 2023, the remaining loan matures in five years. Management estimated the fair value using an annual interest rate of 6.25% at March 31, 2023. Our mortgage loan is considered Level 3 assets in the fair value hierarchy and is included in other long-term investments on the consolidated balance sheet.

Cash and cash equivalents. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents approximates carrying value and are characterized as Level 1 assets in the fair value hierarchy.

Annuity liabilities. The fair value of the Company's liabilities under annuity contract policies, which are considered Level 3 liabilities, was estimated at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 using discounted cash flows based upon spot rates adjusted for various risk adjustments ranging from 4.18% to 4.41% and 4.74% to 5.09%, respectively. The fair value of liabilities under all insurance contracts are taken into consideration in the overall management of interest rate risk, which seeks to minimize exposure to changing interest rates through the matching of investment maturities with amounts due under insurance contracts.

Other long-term investments. Financial instruments included in other long-term investments are classified in various levels of the fair value hierarchy. The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of these investments.


Carrying Value (In thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Other long-term investments:
Limited partnerships	$	71,990	69,294
FHLB common stock	195		193
Mortgage loans	47		49
All other investments	22		22
Total other long-term investments	$	72,254	69,558

We carried no limited partnership investments at cost at March 31, 2023 while $2.4 million were carried at cost at December 31, 2022.

We are a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") of Dallas and such membership requires members to own stock in the FHLB. Our FHLB stock is carried at amortized cost, which approximates fair value.

(5) DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS AND COST OF INSURANCE ACQUIRED

DAC

The following tables roll forward the DAC asset for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 by reporting cohort. Our reporting cohorts are Permanent, which summarizes insurance policies with premiums payable over the lifetime of the policy, and Permanent Limited Pay, which summarizes insurance policies with premiums payable for a limited time after which the policy is fully paid up. Both reporting cohorts include whole life and endowment policies.

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 21


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Permanent		Permanent Limited Pay	Other Business	Total
Life Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year	$	100,926	11,542	1,016	113,484
Capitalizations	3,453		822	85	4,360
Amortization expense	(2,918)		(186)	(58)	(3,162)

Balance, end of period	$	101,461	12,178	1,043	114,682

Home Service Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year	$	38,793	9,729	921	49,443
Capitalizations	1,615		331	52	1,998
Amortization expense	(492)		(95)	(65)	(652)

Balance, end of period	$	39,916	9,965	908	50,789

Consolidated:
Balance, beginning of year	$	139,719	21,271	1,937	162,927
Capitalizations	5,068		1,153	137	6,358
Amortization expense	(3,410)		(281)	(123)	(3,814)

Balance, end of period	$	141,377	22,143	1,951	165,471


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Permanent		Permanent Limited Pay	Other Business	Total
Life Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year	$	97,675	9,001	1,026	107,702
Capitalizations	2,439		838	29	3,306
Amortization expense	(2,793)		(150)	(77)	(3,020)

Balance, end of period	$	97,321	9,689	978	107,988

Home Service Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year	$	35,137	8,723	856	44,716
Capitalizations	1,149		323	3	1,475
Amortization expense	(444)		(89)	(6)	(539)

Balance, end of period	$	35,842	8,957	853	45,652

Consolidated:
Balance, beginning of year	$	132,812	17,724	1,882	152,418
Capitalizations	3,588		1,161	32	4,781
Amortization expense	(3,237)		(239)	(83)	(3,559)

Balance, end of period	$	133,163	18,646	1,831	153,640

DAC capitalization increased for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same prior year period mainly from increased commissions from higher first year sales across our business segments.

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 22


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

COIA

The following tables provide rollforwards of the COIA balances for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 by reporting cohort. Our reporting cohorts are Permanent, which summarizes insurance policies with premiums payable over the lifetime of the policy, and Permanent Limited Pay, which summarizes insurance policies with premiums payable for a limited time after which the policy is fully paid up. Both reporting cohorts include whole life and endowment policies.


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Permanent		Permanent Limited Pay	Other Business	Total
Life Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year	$	267	750	444	1,461
Amortization expense	(4)		(15)	(13)	(32)

Balance, end of period	$	263	735	431	1,429

Home Service Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year	$	7,583	176	1,427	9,186
Amortization expense	(99)		(2)	(28)	(129)

Balance, end of period	$	7,484	174	1,399	9,057

Consolidated:
Balance, beginning of year	$	7,850	926	1,871	10,647
Amortization expense	(103)		(17)	(41)	(161)

Balance, end of period	$	7,747	909	1,830	10,486


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Permanent		Permanent Limited Pay	Other Business	Total
Life Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year	$	287	812	485	1,584
Amortization expense	(5)		(16)	(3)	(24)

Balance, end of period	$	282	796	482	1,560

Home Service Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year	$	7,989	184	1,511	9,684
Amortization expense	(103)		(2)	—	(105)

Balance, end of period	$	7,886	182	1,511	9,579

Consolidated:
Balance, beginning of year	$	8,276	996	1,996	11,268
Amortization expense	(108)		(18)	(3)	(129)

Balance, end of period	$	8,168	978	1,993	11,139

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 23


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

(6) POLICYHOLDERS’ LIABILITIES

LIABILITY FOR FUTURE POLICY BENEFITS

The following tables summarize balances of and changes in the liability for future policy benefits for our reporting cohorts: Permanent, which summarizes insurance policies with premiums payable over the lifetime of the policy, and Permanent Limited Pay, which summarizes insurance policies with premiums payable for a limited time after which the policy is fully paid up. Both reporting cohorts include whole life and endowment policies.


	Life Insurance Segment
March 31, 2023 (In thousands)	Permanent		Permanent Limited Pay	Total
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	235,228	10,209	245,437
Beginning balance at original discount rate	247,601		10,682	258,283

Effects of actual variances from expected experience	1,742		365	2,107
Adjusted beginning of year balance	249,343		11,047	260,390
Issuances	6,236		759	6,995
Interest accrual	2,272		72	2,344
Net premiums collected	(9,715)		(751)	(10,466)
Derecognition and other	153		38	191
Ending balance at original discount rate	248,289		11,165	259,454
Effect of changes in discount rates	(8,766)		(370)	(9,136)
Balance, end of period	$	239,523	10,795	250,318

Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	947,415	195,612	1,143,027
Beginning balance at original discount rate	996,169		208,051	1,204,220

Effects of actual variances from expected experience	2,538		1,045	3,583
Adjusted beginning of year balance	998,707		209,096	1,207,803
Issuances	6,375		785	7,160
Interest accrual	10,842		2,112	12,954
Benefit payments	(19,153)		(4,873)	(24,026)
Derecognition and other	14		12	26
Ending balance at original discount rate	996,785		207,132	1,203,917
Effect of changes in discount rates	(31,065)		(9,459)	(40,524)
Balance, end of period	$	965,720	197,673	1,163,393

Net liability for future policy benefits	$	726,197	186,878	913,075

The Life Insurance segment impact of updating actual experience for the current period contributed to an increase in liabilities primarily due to higher benefits than expected.

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 24


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)


	Home Service Insurance
March 31, 2023 (In thousands)	Permanent		Permanent Limited Pay	Total
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	93,508	13,255	106,763
Beginning balance at original discount rate	100,225		14,394	114,619

Effects of actual variances from expected experience	(1,371)		(809)	(2,180)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	98,854		13,585	112,439
Issuances	4,789		1,176	5,965
Interest accrual	986		114	1,100
Net premiums collected	(2,967)		467	(2,500)
Derecognition and other	132		46	178
Ending balance at original discount rate	101,794		15,388	117,182
Effect of changes in discount rates	(4,925)		(873)	(5,798)
Balance, end of period	$	96,869	14,515	111,384

Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	200,351	116,356	316,707
Beginning balance at original discount rate	214,188		121,908	336,096

Effects of actual variances from expected experience	(1,299)		25	(1,274)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	212,889		121,933	334,822
Issuances	4,789		1,176	5,965
Interest accrual	2,310		1,410	3,720
Benefit payments	(4,178)		(1,748)	(5,926)
Derecognition and other	132		45	177
Ending balance at original discount rate	215,942		122,816	338,758
Effect of changes in discount rates	(10,101)		(3,712)	(13,813)
Balance, end of period	$	205,841	119,104	324,945

Net liability for future policy benefits	$	108,972	104,589	213,561

Net premiums collected are defined as the transactional gross premiums collected in the current period times the net premium ratio. Issuances are calculated as the present value, using the locked-in discount rate of the expected net premiums or the expected future policy benefits related to new policies issued during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. Interest accrual is the interest earned on the beginning present value of either the expected net premiums or the expected future policy benefits using the locked-in discount rate. Benefit payments are the transactional benefits (death, lapse, surrenders and maturities) paid in the current period. Derecognition refers to a subset of the issuances or the present value of future premiums released on new issues that lapsed during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 as well as other reconciling items. The effects of actual variances from expected experience lines are primarily impacted by the actual policy cash flows during the period compared to that which was expected in the reserve assumptions. If the net of the two lines is a positive number, the implication is an unfavorable result with policy cash flows less favorable than assumed while a negative number implies a favorable result compared to assumptions. Our policy experience will vary from actual experience in any one period, either favorably or unfavorably.

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 25


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

The ~~carrying amount and fair value~~Home Service Insurance segment impact of updating actual experience for the ~~financial assets and~~current period contributed to an increase in liabilities ~~on the consolidated balance sheets not otherwise disclosed for the periods indicated are as follows:~~due to higher premiums collected than expected.

June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
(In thousands) Carrying
Value Fair
Value Carrying
Value Fair
Value
Financial Assets:
Policy loans $ 78,586 78,586 80,307 80,307
Commercial mortgage loan 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
Residential mortgage loans 52 54 148 169
Cash and cash equivalents 22,407 22,407 27,294 27,294
Financial Liabilities:
Annuity - investment contracts 65,616 62,181 64,384 72,352


	Life Insurance
March 31, 2022 (In thousands)	Permanent		Permanent Limited Pay	Total
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	269,528	4,939	274,467
Beginning balance at original discount rate	246,386		5,093	251,479

Effects of actual variances from expected experience	1,693		422	2,115
Adjusted beginning of year balance	248,079		5,515	253,594
Issuances	5,795		1,121	6,916
Interest accrual	2,088		(2)	2,086
Net premiums collected	(9,166)		133	(9,033)
Derecognition and other	57		24	81
Ending balance at original discount rate	246,853		6,791	253,644
Effect of changes in discount rates	6,040		(291)	5,749
Balance, end of period	$	252,893	6,500	259,393

Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	1,168,282	240,679	1,408,961
Beginning balance at original discount rate	990,921		207,105	1,198,026

Effects of actual variances from expected experience	1,998		1,407	3,405
Adjusted beginning of year balance	992,919		208,512	1,201,431
Issuances	5,863		1,141	7,004
Interest accrual	10,658		2,125	12,783
Benefit payments	(17,715)		(3,918)	(21,633)
Derecognition and other	(10)		4	(6)
Ending balance at original discount rate	991,715		207,864	1,199,579
Effect of changes in discount rates	72,720		12,917	85,637
Balance, end of period	$	1,064,435	220,781	1,285,216

Net liability for future policy benefits	$	811,542	214,281	1,025,823

~~Policy loans.~~ ~~Policy loans had a weighted average annual interest rate~~The Life Insurance segment impact of ~~7.7% at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and no specified maturity dates. Policy loans are~~updating actual experience for the current period contributed to an ~~integral part of the life insurance policies we have~~increase in force, cannot be valued separately and are not marketable. Therefore, the fair value of policy loans approximates the carrying value and policy loans are considered Level 3 assets in the fair value hierarchy.

~~Commercial mortgage loan.~~ ~~We financed $1.0 million of the sale of our training facility at a 6.0% interest rate. The loan is~~liabilities primarily due ~~in less~~to higher benefits paid than ~~1 year. Due to the short-term nature of the loan, the carrying value approximates fair value and is considered a Level 3 asset in the fair value hierarchy.~~

~~Residential mortgage loans.~~ Mortgage loans are secured principally by residential properties. Weighted average interest rates for these loans were approximately 7.0% at June 30, 2022 and 6.4% at December 31, 2021. At June 30, 2022, the remaining loan matures in 6 years. Management estimated the fair value using an annual interest rate of 6.25% at June 30, 2022. Our mortgage loans are considered Level 3 assets in the fair value hierarchy and are included in other long-term investments on the consolidated balance sheets.

~~Cash and cash equivalents.~~ ~~The fair value of cash and cash equivalents approximate carrying value and are characterized as Level 1 assets in the fair value hierarchy.~~

~~Annuity liabilities.~~ The fair value of the Company's liabilities under annuity contract policies, which are considered Level 3 liabilities, was estimated at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 using discounted cash flows based upon spot rates adjusted for various risk adjustments ranging from 2.60% to 3.99% and 0.50% to 2.63%, respectively. The fair value of liabilities under all insurance contracts are taken into consideration in the overall management of interest rate risk, which seeks to minimize exposure to changing interest rates through the matching of investment maturities with amounts due under insurance contracts.expected.

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 2526


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)


	Home Service Insurance
March 31, 2022 (In thousands)	Permanent		Permanent Limited Pay	Total
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	104,556	10,196	114,752
Beginning balance at original discount rate	90,012		9,532	99,544

Effects of actual variances from expected experience	876		(1,083)	(207)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	90,888		8,449	99,337
Issuances	4,349		711	5,060
Interest accrual	822		43	865
Net premiums collected	(2,723)		1,610	(1,113)
Derecognition and other	(1,113)		24	(1,089)
Ending balance at original discount rate	92,223		10,837	103,060
Effect of changes in discount rates	5,130		(112)	5,018
Balance, end of period	$	97,353	10,725	108,078

Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	266,206	161,715	427,921
Beginning balance at original discount rate	205,340		117,425	322,765

Effects of actual variances from expected experience	1,090		625	1,715
Adjusted beginning of year balance	206,430		118,050	324,480
Issuances	4,350		708	5,058
Interest accrual	2,164		1,349	3,513
Benefit payments	(5,832)		(2,057)	(7,889)
Derecognition and other	(1,114)		24	(1,090)
Ending balance at original discount rate	205,998		118,074	324,072
Effect of changes in discount rates	28,342		23,076	51,418
Balance, end of period	$	234,340	141,150	375,490

Net liability for future policy benefits	$	136,987	130,425	267,412

~~Other long-term investments.~~

The Home Service Insurance segment impact of updating actual experience for the current period contributed to an increase in liabilities due to higher premiums collected than expected.

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 27

Table of Contents ~~Financial instruments included in other long-term investments are classified in various levels of the fair value hierarchy. The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of these investments.~~

Carrying Value
(In thousands)
June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Other long-term investments:
Limited partnerships $ 64,732 56,038
FHLB common stock 192 192
Mortgage loans 1,052 1,148
All other investments 26 21
Total other long-term investments $ 66,002 57,399


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

The following table reconciles the net liability for future policy benefits shown above to the liability for future policy benefits in the consolidated balance sheet.


	March 31, 2023				March 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Life Insurance		Home Service Insurance	Consolidated	Life Insurance	Home Service Insurance	Consolidated
Life Insurance
Permanent	$	726,197	108,972	835,169	811,542	136,987	948,529
Permanent limited pay	186,878		104,589	291,467	214,281	130,425	344,706
Deferred profit liability	26,347		25,113	51,460	23,042	22,502	45,544
Other	26,474		13,725	40,199	27,918	13,403	41,321
Total life insurance	965,896		252,399	1,218,295	1,076,783	303,317	1,380,100
Accident & Health

Other	599		249	848	521	245	766

Total	$	966,495	252,648	1,219,143	1,077,304	303,562	1,380,866

~~We are a member~~The following table provides the amount of undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments for long-term duration contracts.


As of March 31,	2023			2022
(In thousands)	Life Insurance		Home Service Insurance	Life Insurance	Home Service Insurance
Undiscounted:
Permanent
Expected future gross premiums	607,319		463,491	623,969	459,627
Expected future benefit payments	$	1,478,777	478,978	1,468,066	453,855

Permanent Limited Pay
Expected future gross premiums	46,845		77,743	47,904	65,371
Expected future benefit payments	321,985		319,390	322,955	304,278





Discounted:
Permanent
Expected future gross premiums	474,777		277,098	523,290	308,271
Expected future benefit payments	$	965,720	205,841	1,064,435	234,340

Permanent Limited Pay
Expected future gross premiums	41,719		54,170	44,202	53,038
Expected future benefit payments	197,673		119,104	220,781	141,150

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 28


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

The following tables summarize the amount of revenue and interest related to long-term duration contracts recognized in the consolidated statement of operations:


	Life Insurance			Home Service Insurance
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 (In thousands)	Gross Premiums		Interest Expense	Gross Premiums	Interest Expense
Life Insurance
Permanent	$	22,458	8,570	8,372	1,324
Permanent Limited Pay	4,168		2,336	2,154	1,586
Other	77		—	368	—
Reinsurance	(648)		—	(15)	—
Total, net of reinsurance	26,055		10,906	10,879	2,910
Accident & Health

Other	152		—	206	—
Reinsurance	—		—	—	—
Total, net of reinsurance	152		—	206	—
Total	$	26,207	10,906	11,085	2,910


	Life Insurance			Home Service Insurance
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 (In thousands)	Gross Premiums		Interest Expense	Gross Premiums	Interest Expense
Life Insurance
Permanent	$	22,257	8,570	8,456	1,342
Permanent Limited Pay	3,656		2,350	2,041	1,559
Other	1,425		—	—	—
Reinsurance	(500)		—	(14)	—
Total, net of reinsurance	26,838		10,920	10,483	2,901
Accident & Health

Other	94		—	193	—
Reinsurance	(1)		—	—	—
Total, net of reinsurance	93		—	193	—
Total	$	26,931	10,920	10,676	2,901

The following table provides the weighted-average durations of the ~~Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB")~~liability for future policy benefits.


	March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022
(In years)	Life Insurance	Home Service Insurance	Life Insurance	Home Service Insurance
Permanent
Original duration	8.1	15.9	8.8	16.0
Current duration	8.4	16.1	9.1	16.3
Permanent Limited Pay
Original duration	7.6	14.5	8.0	15.2
Current duration	7.6	15.2	8.4	17.5

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 29

Table of ~~Dallas~~Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

The following table provides the weighted-average interest rates for the liability for future policy benefits.


	March 31, 2023				March 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Life Insurance		Home Service Insurance		Life Insurance		Home Service Insurance
Permanent
Original discount rate	4.92	%	4.99	%	4.93	%	5.01	%
Current discount rate	4.86	%	5.09	%	3.43	%	3.68	%
Permanent Limited Pay
Original discount rate	4.30	%	5.05	%	4.33	%	5.06	%
Current discount rate	4.85	%	5.08	%	3.38	%	3.67	%

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 30


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

LIABILITY FOR POLICYHOLDERS’ ACCOUNT BALANCES

The following table presents the policyholders' account balances by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates and ~~such membership requires members~~the related range of the difference, in basis points, between rates being credited and the respective guaranteed minimums.


March 31, 2023		At Guaranteed Minimum		1 Basis Point-50 Basis Points Above	51 Basis Points-150 Basis Points Above	Greater Than 150 Basis Points Above	Total
(In thousands)	Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate
Life Insurance:
SCWOLC (1)	0.00% - 1.49%	$	—	—	—	—	—
	1.50% - 2.99%	1,452		—	—	—	1,452
	3.00% - 4.49%	33,940		—	—	—	33,940
	Greater or equal to 4.50%	134		—	—	—	134
	Total	$	35,526	—	—	—	35,526

Fixed annuity	0.00% - 1.49%	$	197	—	1,144	—	1,341
	1.50% - 2.99%	13,078		—	59	—	13,137
	3.00% - 4.49%	21,568		10	—	—	21,578
	Greater or equal to 4.50%	30,944		—	—	—	30,944
	Total	$	65,787	10	1,203	—	67,000

Dividend accumulations	0.00% - 1.49%	$	239	—	—	3,499	3,738
	1.50% - 2.99%	11,144		551	7	—	11,702
	3.00% - 4.49%	26,985		—	—	—	26,985
	Greater or equal to 4.50%	3		—	—	—	3
	Total	$	38,371	551	7	3,499	42,428

Premiums paid in advance	0.00% - 1.49%	$	—	—	—	34,122	34,122
	1.50% - 2.99%	—		—	—	—	—
	3.00% - 4.49%	—		—	—	—	—
	Greater or equal to 4.50%	—		—	—	—	—
	Total	$	—	—	—	34,122	34,122

Home Service Insurance:
SCWOLC (1)	0.00% - 1.49%	$	4	—	—	—	4
	1.50% - 2.99%	250		—	—	—	250
	3.00% - 4.49%	55		—	—	—	55
	Greater or equal to 4.50%	—		—	—	—	—
	Total	$	309	—	—	—	309

Fixed annuity	0.00% - 1.49%	$	296	—	—	392	688
	1.50% - 2.99%	—		—	—	—	—
	3.00% - 4.49%	18,696		—	—	—	18,696
	Greater or equal to 4.50%	777		—	—	—	777
	Total	$	19,769	—	—	392	20,161

Dividend accumulations	0.00% - 1.49%	$	—	—	—	173	173
	1.50% - 2.99%	5		42	—	—	47
	3.00% - 4.49%	20		—	—	—	20
	Greater or equal to 4.50%	—		—	—	—	—
	Total	$	25	42	—	173	240







(1) Supplemental Contracts Without Life Contingencies

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 31


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)


March 31, 2022		At Guaranteed Minimum		1 Basis Point-50 Basis Points Above	51 Basis Points-150 Basis Points Above	Greater Than 150 Basis Points Above	Total
(In thousands)	Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate
Life Insurance:
SCWOLC (1)	0.00% - 1.49%	$	—	—	—	—	—
	1.50% - 2.99%	256		—	—	—	256
	3.00% - 4.49%	24,862		—	—	—	24,862
	Greater or equal to 4.50%	145		—	—	—	145
	Total	$	25,263	—	—	—	25,263

Fixed annuity	0.00% - 1.49%	$	203	—	813	—	1,016
	1.50% - 2.99%	10,584		—	12	—	10,596
	3.00% - 4.49%	21,976		9	—	—	21,985
	Greater or equal to 4.50%	30,662		—	—	—	30,662
	Total	$	63,425	9	825	—	64,259

Dividend accumulations	0.00% - 1.49%	$	250	—	—	3,529	3,779
	1.50% - 2.99%	8,501		533	11	—	9,045
	3.00% - 4.49%	25,507		—	—	—	25,507
	Greater or equal to 4.50%	3		—	—	—	3
	Total	$	34,261	533	11	3,529	38,334

Premiums paid in advance	0.00% - 1.49%	$	—	—	—	37,922	37,922
	1.50% - 2.99%	—		—	—	—	—
	3.00% - 4.49%	—		—	—	—	—
	Greater or equal to 4.50%	—		—	—	—	—
	Total	$	—	—	—	37,922	37,922

Home Service Insurance:
SCWOLC (1)	0.00% - 1.49%	$	6	—	—	—	6
	1.50% - 2.99%	249		—	—	—	249
	3.00% - 4.49%	49		—	—	—	49
	Greater or equal to 4.50%	—		—	—	—	—
	Total	$	304	—	—	—	304

Fixed annuity	0.00% - 1.49%	$	284	—	—	408	692
	1.50% - 2.99%	—		—	—	—	—
	3.00% - 4.49%	18,743		—	—	—	18,743
	Greater or equal to 4.50%	903		—	—	—	903
	Total	$	19,930	—	—	408	20,338

Dividend accumulations	0.00% - 1.49%	$	—	—	—	173	173
	1.50% - 2.99%	5		44	—	—	49
	3.00% - 4.49%	19		—	—	—	19
	Greater or equal to 4.50%	—		—	—	—	—
	Total	$	24	44	—	173	241







(1) Supplemental Contracts Without Life Contingencies

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 32


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

The following tables summarize balances of and changes in policyholders' account balances.


March 31, 2023 (In thousands)	SCWOLC (1)			Fixed Annuity		Dividend Accumulations		Premiums Paid in Advance
Life Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year	$	32,667		66,543		41,424		34,603
Issuances	4,788			536		147		905
Premiums received	18			1,025		1,383		145

Interest credited	341			536		322		226

Less:
Surrenders and withdrawals	—			1,640		848		1,757
Benefit payments	2,288			—		—		—
Balance, end of period	$	35,526		67,000		42,428		34,122
Weighted-average crediting rates	4.10		%	3.70	%	3.49	%	3.00	%

Cash surrender value	$	35,526		67,000		42,428		34,122

Home Service Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year	$	328		20,264		239		—
Issuances	—			227		1		—
Premiums received	—			145		1		—

Interest credited	2			132		2		—

Less:
Surrenders and withdrawals	—			607		3		—
Benefit payments	21			—		—		—
Balance, end of period	$	309		20,161		240		—
Weighted-average crediting rates	2.20		%	3.10	%	3.09	%	4.00	%

Cash surrender value	$	309		20,161		240		—

Consolidated:
Balance, beginning of year	$	32,995		86,807		41,663		34,603
Issuances	4,788			763		148		905
Premiums received	18			1,170		1,384		145

Interest credited	343			668		324		226

Less:
Surrenders and withdrawals	—			2,247		851		1,757
Benefit payments	2,309			—		—		—
Balance, end of period	$	35,835		87,161		42,668		34,122
Weighted-average crediting rates	4.05		%	3.57	%	3.05	%	2.98	%

Cash surrender value	$	35,835		87,161		42,668		34,122

(1) Supplemental Contracts Without Life Contingencies

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 33


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)


March 31, 2022 (In thousands)	SCWOLC (1)			Fixed Annuity		Dividend Accumulations		Premiums Paid in Advance
Life Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year	$	23,628		63,591		37,513		38,875
Issuances	2,392			604		123		469
Premiums received	12			995		1,264		132

Interest credited	232			517		292		275

Less:
Surrenders and withdrawals	—			1,448		858		1,829
Benefit payments	1,001			—		—		—
Balance, end of period	$	25,263		64,259		38,334		37,922
Weighted-average crediting rates	4.11		%	3.76	%	3.50	%	3.09	%

Cash surrender value	$	25,263		64,259		38,334		37,922

Home Service Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year	$	322		20,326		247		—
Issuances	10			213		3		—
Premiums received	—			189		1		—

Interest credited	2			140		2		—

Less:
Surrenders and withdrawals	—			530		12		—
Benefit payments	30			—		—		—
Balance, end of period	$	304		20,338		241		—
Weighted-average crediting rates	2.13		%	3.11	%	3.10	%	4.00	%

Cash surrender value	$	304		20,338		241		—

Consolidated:
Balance, beginning of year	$	23,950		83,917		37,760		38,875
Issuances	2,402			817		126		469
Premiums received	12			1,184		1,265		132

Interest credited	234			657		294		275

Less:
Surrenders and withdrawals	—			1,978		870		1,829
Benefit payments	1,031			—		—		—
Balance, end of period	$	25,567		84,597		38,575		37,922
Weighted-average crediting rates	4.08		%	3.60	%	3.08	%	3.09	%

Cash surrender value	$	25,567		84,597		38,575		37,922

(1) Supplemental Contracts Without Life Contingencies

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 34


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

The following table reconciles policyholders' account balances to ~~own stock~~the policyholders' account balances' liability in ~~FHLB. Our FHLB stock is carried at amortized cost, which approximates fair value.~~the consolidated balance sheet.


	March 31, 2023				March 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Life Insurance		Home Service Insurance	Consolidated	Life Insurance	Home Service Insurance	Consolidated
Annuities:
SCWOLC (1)	$	35,526	309	35,835	25,263	304	25,567
Fixed annuity	67,000		20,161	87,161	64,259	20,338	84,597
Unearned revenue reserve	—		1,531	1,531	—	1,588	1,588
Other	1		—	1	—	(1)	(1)
Total annuities	$	102,527	22,001	124,528	89,522	22,229	111,751
(1) Supplemental Contracts Without Life Contingencies

Dividend Accumulations:
Dividend accumulations	$	42,428	240	42,668	38,334	241	38,575
Other	1		(1)	—	—	—	—
Total dividend accumulations	$	42,429	239	42,668	38,334	241	38,575

Premiums Paid in Advance:
Premiums paid in advance	$	34,122	—	34,122	37,922	—	37,922
Other	2,294		281	2,575	2,180	331	2,511
Total premiums paid in advance	$	36,416	281	36,697	40,102	331	40,433

(7) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

LITIGATION AND REGULATORY ACTIONS

From time to time, we are subject to legal and regulatory actions relating to our business. We may incur defense costs, including attorneys' fees, and other direct litigation costs associated with defending claims. If we suffer an adverse judgment as a result of litigation claims, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

As of ~~June 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, CICA International is committed to fund investments up to ~~$50.6~~$35.6 million related to limited partnerships previously ~~described and other investments.~~described.

CREDIT FACILITY

On May 5, 2021, the Company entered into a $20 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) with Regions Bank ("Regions"). The Credit Facility has a ~~three-year~~three-year term, maturing on May 5, 2024, and allows the Company to borrow up to $20 million for working capital purposes, capital expenditures and other corporate purposes.

Revolving loans may be requested by the Company in aggregate minimum principal amounts of $0.5 million per loan. At the Company's election, the revolving loans may either bear a base rate, which is 1.75% plus a base rate (a

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 35


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

(a fluctuating rate per annum) equal to the greatest of (a) Regions' prime rate, (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (c) the one-month LIBOR rate plus 1%, and (d) 0.75%; or an adjusted LIBOR rate, which is 2.75% plus an adjusted LIBOR rate but cannot be less than 0.75%. The Company is required to pay Regions ~~a quarterly~~an annual commitment fee of 0.375% of the unused portion of the Credit Facility in quarterly installments, which the Company expenses as it is incurred. Regions informed the Company that after June 30, 2023, the United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority will no longer publish a LIBOR rate that may be used as the benchmark interest rate index. Regions will transition to a replacement interest rate index on any future draws.

Obligations under the Credit Facility are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company other than the equity interests in all of the regulated insurance subsidiaries, real estate owned by the Company, and other limited exceptions. The Credit Facility contains customary events of default and financial, affirmative and negative covenants, including but not limited to restrictions on indebtedness, liens, investments, asset dispositions and restricted payments. As of ~~June 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, the Company had not borrowed any funds against the Credit Facility and was not in violation of any covenants.

(8) STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND RESTRICTIONS

STOCK

Our Restated and Amended Articles of Incorporation authorize the issuance of 127,000,000 shares, of which 100,000,000 shares shall be Class A common stock, 2,000,000 shares shall be Class B common stock, and 25,000,000 shall be preferred stock. The two authorized classes of common stock are equal in all respects, except (a) each share of Class A common stock is entitled to receive twice the cash dividends paid on a per share basis to the Class B common stock, if any; and (b) the holders of the Class B common stock have the exclusive right to elect a simple majority of the Board of Directors of Citizens. In April 2021, we repurchased all of the outstanding Class B common stock, which is now classified as treasury stock. As a result, all of the directors are elected by the holders of the Class A common stock. Citizens has never issued any preferred stock.

A summary of the change in number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock and treasury stock issued is as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022
(In thousands)	Common Stock		Treasury	Common Stock		Treasury
	Class A	Class B	Stock	Class A	Class B	Stock
Balance at beginning of year	53,758	1,002	4,937	53,170	1,002	4,138
Stock issued under stock investment plan	—	—	—	345	—	—
Stock issued for compensation	34	—	—	18	—	—



Balance at end of period	53,792	1,002	4,937	53,533	1,002	4,138

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 2636


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share.


Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$	4,872	6,449

Net income (loss) allocated to Class A common stock	$	4,872	6,449



Denominator:
Weighted average shares of Class A outstanding - basic	49,840		50,236
Weighted average shares of Class A outstanding - diluted	50,609		50,906

Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock	$	0.10	0.13

CAPITAL AND SURPLUS

Each of our regulated insurance subsidiaries is required to meet stipulated regulatory capital requirements. These include capital requirements imposed by the U.S. National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC") and the Bermuda Monetary Authority ("BMA"). All domestic insurance subsidiaries exceeded the minimum capital requirements at March 31, 2023.

In order to minimize the risk of a shortfall in capital arising from an unexpected adverse deviation or excess risk, the BMA has established a threshold capital level (termed the Target Capital Level ("TCL")), which is set at 120% of a company’s enhanced capital requirement. The TCL serves as an early warning tool for the BMA. As of March 31, 2023, CICA International was above the TCL threshold. At the request of the BMA, on April 15, 2021, Citizens and CICA International entered into a Keep Well Agreement. The Keep Well Agreement requires Citizens to contribute up to $10 million in capital to CICA International as necessary to ensure that CICA International has a minimum capital level of 120% (equal to the TCL). Since CICA International’s capital level currently exceeds 120%, Citizens is not required to make a capital contribution.

CICA International had previously been granted a permitted practice by the BMA to report its fixed income maturity securities at amortized cost in its unconsolidated statutory financial statements. This permitted practice has expired.

CICA PR is a Puerto Rico domiciled company. The Insurance Code does not specifically set forth minimum capital and surplus standards, but rather requires that an insurer submit a business plan for approval to the Office of the Commissioner of Insurance that includes proposed minimum capital and surplus. CICA PR is required to maintain a minimum of $750,000 in capital and maintain a premium to surplus ratio of 7 to 1. CICA PR began issuing new business as of January 1, 2023 and since higher costs are associated with new business than renewal business (e.g., first year commissions), we expect that Citizens will have to contribute capital to CICA PR in the foreseeable future in order to maintain the required premium to surplus ratio.

(9) SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company has two reportable segments: Life Insurance and Home Service Insurance. Our Life Insurance segment issues endowment contracts, which are principally accumulation contracts that incorporate an element of life insurance protection and ordinary whole life insurance, to non-U.S. residents through CICA International and, beginning January 1, 2023, CICA PR. These contracts are designed to provide a fixed amount of insurance coverage over the life of the insured and may utilize rider benefits to provide additional coverage and annuity

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 37


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

benefits to enhance accumulations. Domestically, we currently offer whole life, credit life, credit disability, and critical illness products. The critical illness products are sold in Texas and Florida through CICA and CNLIC. Both CICA and CNLIC also service whole life and accident and health policies primarily in the Southern U.S., Midwest and Mountain West.

Our Home Service Insurance segment operates through our subsidiaries SPLIC, MGLIC and SPFIC, and focuses on the life insurance needs of the middle- and lower-income markets, primarily in Louisiana, Mississippi and Arkansas. Our policies are sold and serviced through funeral homes and independent agents who sell policies, collect premiums and service policyholders. Our Home Service Insurance segment also sells property insurance policies in Louisiana.

The Life Insurance and Home Service Insurance portions of the Company constitute separate businesses. In addition to the Life Insurance and Home Service Insurance business, the Company also operates other non-insurance portions of the Company ("Other Non-Insurance Enterprises"), which primarily include the Company’s IT and Corporate-support functions.

The accounting policies of the reportable segments and Other Non-Insurance Enterprises are presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP and are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in our Form 10-K. The Company evaluates profit and loss performance based on U.S. GAAP net income (loss) before federal income taxes for its two reportable segments. The Company's Other Non-Insurance Enterprises is the only reportable difference between segments and consolidated operations.


	Life Insurance		Home Service Insurance	Other Non-Insurance Enterprises	Consolidated
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(In thousands)

Revenues:
Premiums	$	26,207	12,042	—	38,249
Net investment income	13,311		3,470	293	17,074
Investment related gains (losses), net	(437)		99	50	(288)
Other income (loss)	879		—	—	879
Total revenues	39,960		15,611	343	55,914
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders	24,439		5,860	—	30,299
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves	(1,820)		842	—	(978)
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss	816		64	—	880
Policyholders' dividends	1,101		7	—	1,108
Total insurance benefits paid or provided	24,536		6,773	—	31,309
Commissions	4,759		4,254	—	9,013
Other general expenses	5,459		4,468	1,333	11,260
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	(4,360)		(1,998)	—	(6,358)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	3,162		652	—	3,814
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	32		129	—	161
Total benefits and expenses	33,588		14,278	1,333	49,199
Income (loss) before federal income tax	$	6,372	1,333	(990)	6,715

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 38


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)


	Life Insurance		Home Service Insurance	Other Non-Insurance Enterprises	Consolidated
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
(In thousands)

Revenues:
Premiums	$	26,931	12,433	—	39,364
Net investment income	11,971		3,244	272	15,487
Investment related gains (losses), net	(293)		(242)	(47)	(582)
Other income (loss)	1,088		—	—	1,088
Total revenues	39,697		15,435	225	55,357
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders	21,458		6,976	—	28,434
Increase in future policy benefit reserves	1,376		(1,262)	—	114
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss	414		254	—	668
Policyholders' dividends	1,350		3	—	1,353
Total insurance benefits paid or provided	24,598		5,971	—	30,569
Commissions	3,806		3,867	—	7,673
Other general expenses	5,691		4,350	989	11,030
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	(3,306)		(1,475)	—	(4,781)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	3,020		539	—	3,559
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	24		105	—	129
Total benefits and expenses	33,833		13,357	989	48,179
Income (loss) before federal income tax	$	5,864	2,078	(764)	7,178

(10) INCOME TAXES

The effective tax rate is the ratio of tax expense (benefit) over pre-tax income (loss). The effective tax rate was 27.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to 10.2% for the same period in 2022, respectively. CICA International is considered a controlled foreign corporation for federal tax purposes. As a result, the insurance activity of CICA International is subject to Subpart F of the Internal Revenue Code and is included in Citizens’ taxable income. Due to the 0% enacted tax rate in Bermuda, there are no deferred taxes recorded for CICA International's temporary differences. The effective tax rate varies from the prevailing corporate federal income tax rate of 21.0% mainly due to the impact of Subpart F and uncertain tax positions.

At March 31, 2023, we determined it was more likely than not that a portion of our capital deferred tax assets would not be realized in their entirety. The Company recorded a valuation allowance of $3.7 million through Other Comprehensive Income (Loss).

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 39


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

~~(8)~~ ~~INCOME TAXES~~

The effective tax rate is the ratio of tax expense (benefit) over pre-tax income (loss). The effective tax rate was 2.3% and (6.0)% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, compared to 10.4% and 49.2%, respectively, for the same periods in 2021. CICA International is considered a controlled foreign corporation for federal tax purposes. As a result, the insurance activity of CICA International is subject to Subpart F of the Internal Revenue Code and is included in Citizens’ taxable income. The effective tax rate varies from the prevailing corporate federal income tax rate of 21.0% mainly due to the impact of Subpart F and uncertain tax positions.

At June 30, 2022, we determined it was more likely than not that a portion of our capital deferred tax assets would not be realized in their entirety. The Company recorded a valuation allowance of $3.3 million through Other Comprehensive Income.

~~(9)~~(11) OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The changes in the components of other comprehensive income (loss) are reported net of the effects of income taxes of 21% as of the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021,~~ as indicated below.


Three Months Ended June 30,		2022				2021

Three Months Ended March 31,									Three Months Ended March 31,	2023				2022
(In thousands)	(In thousands)	Amount		Tax Effect	Total	Amount	Tax Effect	Total	(In thousands)	Amount		Tax Effect	Total	Amount	Tax Effect	Total
Unrealized gains (losses):	Unrealized gains (losses):								Unrealized gains (losses):
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period	Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period	$	(119,531)	4,435	(115,096)	53,234	(3,418)	49,816	Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period	$	43,436	(2,280)	41,156	(132,765)	8,957	(123,808)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income	Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income	(24)		5	(19)	46	(10)	36	Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income	38		(8)	30	59	(12)	47
Effects on deferred policy acquisition costs		810		(170)	640	(21,492)	3,777	(17,715)
Effects on cost of insurance acquired		291		(61)	230	8	(2)	6
Effects on unearned revenue reserves		(2,504)		526	(1,978)	6	(1)	5
Unrealized holding gains (losses), net									Unrealized holding gains (losses), net	43,474		(2,288)	41,186	(132,706)	8,945	(123,761)
Change in current discount rate for liability for future policy benefits									Change in current discount rate for liability for future policy benefits	(20,480)		873	(19,607)	151,607	(10,657)	140,950

Other comprehensive income (loss)	Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(120,958)	4,735	(116,223)	31,802	346	32,148	Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	22,994	(1,415)	21,579	18,901	(1,712)	17,189

Six Months Ended June 30,		2022				2021
(In thousands)		Amount		Tax Effect	Total	Amount	Tax Effect	Total
Unrealized gains (losses):
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period		$	(252,296)	13,392	(238,904)	(26,188)	1,955	(24,233)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income		35		(7)	28	11	(3)	8
Effects on deferred policy acquisition costs		1,154		(242)	912	3,706	(2,540)	1,166
Effects on cost of insurance acquired		443		(93)	350	277	(58)	219
Effects on unearned revenue reserves		(3,577)		751	(2,826)	(1,937)	407	(1,530)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		$	(254,241)	13,801	(240,440)	(24,131)	(239)	(24,370)

~~June 30, 2022 | 10-Q 27~~


~~CITIZENS, INC~~.	~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
		~~(Unaudited~~)

~~(10)~~(12) RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Company has various routine related party transactions in conjunction with our holding company structure, such as a management service agreement related to costs incurred, a tax sharing agreement between entities, and inter-company dividends and capital contributions. There were no changes related to these relationships during the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. See our Form 10-K for a comprehensive discussion of related party transactions.

~~(11)~~(13) SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company has a plan of disposal to cease operations for its property insurance business on June 30, 2023. The property insurance business operates through SPFIC and represented less than 1% of the Company’s total consolidated assets as of March 31, 2023 and less than 2% of the Company's total consolidated revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The Company has evaluated the impact of subsequent events as defined by the accounting guidance through the date this report was issued and determined that no other significant subsequent events need to be recognized or ~~disclosed.~~disclosed at this time.

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 2840


CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Item 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This section and other parts of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ("Form 10-Q") contain forward-looking statements, within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, that involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements provide current expectations of future events based on certain assumptions and include any statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact. Forward-looking statements can also be identified by words such as “future,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “can,” “may,” and similar terms. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and the Company’s actual results may differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. ~~Factors that might cause such differences include, but~~These forward-looking statements are ~~not limited~~subject to ~~statements concerning any potential future impact~~a number of ~~the coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) pandemic on our business~~risks, uncertainties and ~~the inflationary environment that has led to market volatility and rising interest rates, as well as~~assumptions including those factors discussed in the "Risk Factors" contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, which are incorporated herein by reference. ~~The Company assumes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by law.~~

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q. The Company assumes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by law.

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including the Company, that file electronically with the SEC. The public can obtain any documents that the Company files with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. We also make available, free of charge, through our ~~Internet~~ website (http://www.citizensinc.com), our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, Section 16 Reports filed by officers and directors, news releases, and, if applicable, amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such reports with, or furnish such reports to, the SEC. We are not including any of the information contained on our website as part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this Form 10-Q.

OVERVIEW

For ~~over 45~~almost 50 years, we have been fulfilling the needs of our policyholders and their families by providing insurance products that offer both living and death benefits. Citizens conducts insurance related operations through its insurance subsidiaries, which provide benefits to residents in 3132 U.S. states and more than 70 different countries. We specialize in offering primarily ordinary whole life insurance, endowment products and final expense insurance in niche markets where we believe we can optimize our competitive position.

As an insurance provider, we collect premiums on an ongoing basis from our policyholders and invest the majority of the premiums to pay future benefits, including claims and surrenders and policyholder dividends. Accordingly, the Company derives its revenues principally from: (1) life insurance premiums earned for insurance coverages provided to insureds in our two operating segments – Life Insurance and Home Service Insurance; and (2) net investment income. In addition to paying and reserving for insurance benefits that we pay to our policyholders, our expenses consist primarily of the costs of selling our insurance products (e.g., commissions, underwriting, marketing expenses), operating expenses and income taxes.

Objective of our Management's Discussion and Analysis

We refer to our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations as our “MD&A”. The objective of our MD&A is to provide investors with information in order to assess the material changes in our financial condition from December 31, ~~2021~~2022 to ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and the material changes in our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022. We also discuss in the MD&A any trends that we believe may materially affect our future operations or financial condition. Prior year amounts have been revised to reflect the implementation ASU 2018-12 as noted in Part I, Item 1, Note 1. Financial Statements - "Significant Accounting Policies" and Note 2. Accounting Pronouncements in the notes to our consolidated financial statements.

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 2941


CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to the same periods in 2021. We also discuss in the MD&A any trends that we believe may materially affect our future operations or financial condition.

The Factors that Drive our Operating Results

We see the following as the primary factors that drive our operating results:

•Sales (i.e., premium revenues)

•Investments

•~~Death claims~~Claims and surrenders

•Operating expenses

~~As premium~~Premium revenues and investment income are our two primary sources of income and thus key to our profitability.

Premium revenues consist of both new sales (first year premiums) and "resells" (i.e., retaining the policy) ~~as well as our investments and the interest we receive on such investments, are key~~, which lead to ~~our profitability.~~renewal premiums.

~~We experienced slight decreases, 1.4% and 0.3%, respectively, in premium revenue in the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the prior~~Our total first year ~~periods. In the three months ended June 30, 2022, premium revenue of $42.2 million decreased~~premiums increased by 24% due primarily to ~~lower renewal premiums in both of our segments, partially offset by increased first~~a new whole life product that was introduced last year ~~premiums~~ in our ~~Life Insurance segment. In the six months ended June 30, 2022, premium revenue of $81.6 million decreased~~international markets, as ~~growth in renewal premiums was more than offset by lower first year premiums in~~well as focused marketing campaigns across both of our insurance segments.

Our total renewal premium revenues decreased in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the prior year period primarily due to impact from a higher level of surrenders during the last few years and from matured endowment benefits, which we expected due to contractual expiration dates.

Our net investment income increased ~~during both~~for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 compared to the same prior year ~~periods~~period due ~~primarily~~ to ~~a growing asset base, positive returns from our private equity investment and reinvestment into a~~the higher interest rate ~~environment. Our yield increased 3 basis points to 4.25% in the first six months of 2022 compared to the prior year period, reflecting higher yields on new fixed maturity investments~~environment and ~~positive returns~~investment income from our ~~private equity investment.~~limited partnerships.

As part of the ongoing process of managing our portfolio and optimizing performance, we have been diversifying our investment portfolio over the last few years, however, this diversification comes with some volatility and accordingly,

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 3042


CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

~~due to the equity market decline in the first six months of 2022, we recorded investment related losses of $5.2 million in the current period compared to gains of $4.5 million in prior year period.~~

Payment of policyholder benefits for ~~death~~ claims and surrenders is our largest expense and thus also key to our profitability. In ~~both~~ the ~~first~~ three ~~and six~~ months ~~of 2022,~~ended March 31, 2023, our death ~~claims~~claim benefits decreased compared to the ~~same~~ prior year ~~periods. Death claims~~period due to a lower number of reported death claims. Our surrenders were flat in the 2021 periods in both of our segments were negatively impacted by higher reported claims, including COVID-19 related deaths, and a higher average dollar amount of claims incurred. Our surrenders decreased in the first three ~~and six~~ months ~~of 2022~~ended March 31, 2023, compared to the ~~same periods in 2021, which we believe was in large part due to~~prior year period. As expected, matured endowments increased as many of our ~~retention initiatives.~~endowment policies are reaching their contractual maturity dates.

Operating expenses are our second largest expense and thus also drive our operating results.Our general operating expenses ~~in both~~for the ~~first~~ three ~~and six~~ months ~~of 2022 decreased as compared~~ended March 31, 2023 increased slightly compared to the prior year ~~periods.~~period.

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

~~Due to the market volatility and rising interest rates during the first six months of 2022, we had a~~Our net ~~loss of $3.5 million and~~income was $4.9 million ~~respectively in~~for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023 compared to net income of $6.4 million in the prior year period. The decline in net income is primarily driven by lower renewal year premiums, higher federal income tax expense and higher insurance benefits paid or provided, which is partially offset by higher net investment income and lower investment related losses. Our net income per share of Class A common stock was $0.10 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $0.13 in prior year period.

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 3143


CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

$5.0 million and $1.4 million, respectively, in the prior year periods. As an insurance company, we hold significant invested assets in order to pay future policy liabilities. Changes in the fair value of our limited partnership investments drove investment related losses of $5.0 million and $5.6 million, respectively, in the current year periods. We did not sell these investments in the second quarter of 2022, but as discussed in ~~Part I, Item 1, Note 5. Investments~~, changes in fair values of our equity securities are reflected as investment related gains or losses, in addition to executed transactions that result in a gain or loss. Due to these investment related losses driving our net loss, loss per share of Class A common stock was $0.10 for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

All other revenues (premiums, net investment income and other income) collectively increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to the same prior year periods and our total benefits and expenses decreased by $0.6 million and $2.5 million, respectively, in the current year periods as compared to the same prior year periods.

Consolidated Revenue Highlights

~~Life insurance~~Insurance premiums and investment income are our primary sources of revenue. InCollectively, insurance premiums and investment income were flat in the three months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in ~~2021:~~2022.

•Insurance premiums decreased by ~~$0.6~~$1.1 million, ~~due primarily to decrease in renewal premiums in both of our segments partially offset by an increase in~~or 2.8%. While first year premiums ~~in our Life Insurance segment.~~

•~~Net investment income~~ increased ~~by $0.6 million, or 3.7%, from a higher average portfolio yield in the current year period, a growing asset base and strong results from our private equity investment.~~

~~In the six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021:~~

•~~Insurance premiums decreased by $0.3 million, or 0.3% as higher renewal premiums were~~this was more than offset by a ~~decrease~~decline in ~~first~~renewal year premiums.

•Net investment income increased by ~~$0.8~~$1.6 million, or ~~2.7%~~10.2% for the same reasons discussed above.

Consolidated Benefits and Expenses Highlights

The primary use of our funds is the payment of insurance benefits for claims and surrenders as well as our general operating expenses. In the three months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in ~~2021,~~2022, total benefits and expenses ~~decreased~~increased by ~~$0.6 million due primarily to:~~$1.0 million.

•~~$2.2~~Claims and surrender benefits increased $1.9 million ~~decrease in claims and surrenders benefits. This decrease was~~due primarily ~~related~~ to increased matured endowment benefits partially offset by lower death claims in both of our segments as 2021 included a higher number of reported death claims, including COVID-19 related deaths. Surrender benefits decreased as we have focused efforts on retaining policyholders; andclaim benefits.

•~~$1.1~~Increase in future policy benefits reserves decreased $1.1 million ~~decrease in other general expenses;~~due to the impact of reserves released from higher matured endowment benefits partially offset by

•~~$3.1 million increase~~ increases in ~~future policy benefit reserves as a result~~our in force block of ~~improved first year sales and better persistency.~~business.

~~In the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, total benefits and expenses decreased by $2.5 million due primarily to:~~Financial Condition at March 31, 2023

•~~$4.4 million decrease in claims and surrender benefits due primarily to a higher volume~~Total assets of ~~reported claims in 2021, including those COVID-19 related, in addition to an increase in the average death claim amount in that year; and~~$1.6 billion

•Total investments of $1.4 billion; fixed maturity securities comprised 88.2% of total investments

•$~~1.5 million decrease~~4.8 billion of direct insurance in ~~other general expenses; partially offset by~~force

•~~$4.4~~No debt

•Fully diluted income per share of Class A common stock of $0.10

IMPACT OF INFLATION AND RISING INTEREST RATES

The impact of inflation, which has led to market volatility and rising interest rates, has affected the fair value of our equity securities, leading to investment related losses. Investment related gains and losses can cause significant fluctuations from period to period and are not indicative of our operating results. We believe that investment related gains and losses, whether realized from dispositions or unrealized from changes in market prices of equity securities, have no bearing in understanding our reported results or in evaluating the economic performance of our business.These gains and losses have caused and will continue to cause significant volatility in our periodic earnings.

In addition, interest rates rose significantly in 2022 after being ultra-low for almost a decade. Higher interest rates typically reduce the market values of fixed income assets, as the interest payments from existing fixed income assets become less competitive relative to newer higher rate fixed income instruments. Because we strive to match our asset duration to our liability duration, the vast majority of our total investments are invested in longer-term fixed maturity securities. We reported pre-tax net unrealized losses of $158.2 million ~~increase~~on our available-for-sale securities at March 31, 2023. This compares to pre-tax net unrealized losses of $201.7 million at December 31, 2022, with the year-over-year change primarily driven by market interest rates.

In addition, we could experience higher surrenders and lapses and fewer sales in ~~future policy benefit reserves~~the coming months as ~~a result of sales~~our policyholders conserve cash due to concerns over inflation and ~~improved persistency.~~rising costs, particularly in our Home Service Insurance segment, whose customer base is primarily middle- and lower-income individuals.

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 3244


CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

~~Financial Condition at June 30, 2022~~

•~~Total assets of $1.6 billion.~~

•~~Total investments of $1.4 billion; fixed maturity securities comprised 88.7% of total investments.~~

•~~Total stockholders' equity of $0.1 billion.~~

•~~$4.7 billion of direct insurance in force.~~

•~~No debt.~~

~~IMPACT OF INFLATION AND RISING INTEREST RATES~~

As mentioned above, the impact of inflation, which has led to market volatility and rising interest rates, has had a material impact on our results of operations and financial condition in the three and six months ended June 30, 2022. In addition to the market volatility that affected the fair value of our equity securities, leading to the investment related losses, higher interest rates typically reduce the market values of fixed income assets, as the interest payments from existing fixed income assets become less competitive relative to newer higher rate fixed income instruments. Because the vast majority of our total investments are invested in fixed maturity securities, we reported a pre-tax net unrealized loss of $125.4 million on our available-for-sale securities at June 30, 2022. This compares to net unrealized gains of $126.9 million at December 31, 2021, with the year-over-year decrease primarily driven by higher interest rates.

In addition, we could experience higher surrenders and lapses and fewer sales in the coming months as our policyholders conserve cash due to concerns over inflation and rising costs, particularly in our Home Service Insurance segment , whose customer base is primarily middle- and lower-income individuals.

~~COVID-19 PANDEMIC~~

The overall impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its related economic conditions on the Company's financial results continue to be highly uncertain and unpredictable. While the Company has implemented new strategies and processes to mitigate this impact, the scope, duration and magnitude of the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 are difficult or impossible to anticipate. As a result, it is not possible to predict its impact on the Company's results in 2022 or beyond. While we don't believe that the COVID-19 pandemic materially impacted our results of operations for the ~~three and sixmonths~~ ~~ended~~ ~~June 30, 2022, some of the most significant factors related to COVID-19 that could cause our future results to differ significantly from our prior results or expectations include:~~

•~~a higher level of claims due to COVID-19 deaths;~~

•~~decreased premium revenue due to disruption to our workforce or distribution channels resulting from required isolation, travel limitations and business restrictions;~~

•~~higher surrenders and lapses due to cash needs our policyholders may have due to concerns over COVID-19 economic impacts; and~~

•~~volatility in our investment portfolio due to market disruptions caused by COVID-19 related concerns such as inflation.~~

~~We continue to monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations.~~

OUR OPERATING SEGMENTS

We manage our business in two operating ~~segments,~~segments: Life Insurance and Home Service Insurance.

Our insurance operations are the primary focus of the Company, as these operations generate most of our income. See the discussion under Segment Operations below for detailed analysis. The amount of insurance, number of policies, and average face amounts for ordinary life policies issued during the periods indicated are shown below.


Three Months Ended March 31,			2023			2022
	Amount of Insurance Issued		Number of Policies Issued	Average Policy Face Amount Issued		Amount of Insurance Issued		Number of Policies Issued	Average Policy Face Amount Issued
Ordinary Life Policies:
Life Insurance	$	83,892,034	902	$	93,007	$	42,524,454	633	$	67,179
Home Service Insurance	86,437,227		6,524	13,249		54,823,369		5,431	10,095
Total	$	170,329,261	7,426			$	97,347,823	6,064

As we previously disclosed, our strategic initiatives include the introduction of new products tailored to our specific markets. These new products helped drive the 75% increase in total insurance issued in the three months ended March 31, 2023, from $97.3 million in the first three months of 2022 to $170.3 million in 2023. The increase in total insurance issued was driven by an increase in total number of policies issued and higher average policy face amounts in both segments.

The growth in our Life Insurance segment is attributable to strong sales from our new international whole life product, which accounted for 72% of total insurance issued in this segment for the three months ended March 31, 2023. In our Home Service Insurance segment, the increase in average policy face amounts issued is attributable to sales campaigns that focused on increasing the face amount of insurance sold.

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 3345


CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

~~Our insurance operations are the primary focus of the Company, as these operations generate most of our income. See the discussion under~~ ~~Segment Operations~~ ~~below for detailed analysis. The amount of insurance, number of policies, and average face amounts of ordinary life policies issued during the periods indicated are shown below.~~

Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021
Amount of
Insurance
Issued Number of
Policies
Issued Average Policy
Face Amount
Issued Amount of
Insurance
Issued Number of
Policies
Issued Average Policy
Face Amount
Issued
Life Insurance $ 140,351,224 1,849 $ 75,907 $ 108,680,985 1,803 $ 60,278
Home Service Insurance 128,118,014 14,134 9,065 99,978,080 13,868 7,209
Total $ 268,469,238 15,983 $ 208,659,065 15,671

As we have previously disclosed, our strategic initiatives include the introduction of new products tailored to our specific markets. These new products helped drive the 28.7% increase in total insurance issued in the six months ended June 30, 2022, from $208.7 million in the first six months of 2021 to $268.5 million in 2022. The growth in insurance issued was a result of both a greater number of policies issued and higher average policy face amounts issued in both segments.

The growth in our Life Insurance segment is attributable to strong sales from our new international whole life product, which accounted for 45% of total insurance issued in this segment for the six months ended June 30, 2022. In our Home Service Insurance segment, the increase in average policy face amounts issued is attributable to sales campaigns that focused on increasing the face amount of insurance sold as well as the introduction of our new whole life product in this segment, which has a higher maximum face value than our legacy products.

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

A discussion of consolidated results is presented below, followed by a discussion of segment operations and financial results by segment.

REVENUES

Our revenues are generated primarily by insurance renewal premiums and investment income from invested assets.


		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended			Three Months Ended
		June 30,			June 30,			March 31,
(In thousands)	(In thousands)	2022		2021	2022	2021	(In thousands)		2023		2022

Revenues:	Revenues:						Revenues:
Premiums:	Premiums:						Premiums:
Life insurance	Life insurance	$	40,761	41,438	78,507	79,080	Life insurance		$	36,934	37,746
Accident and health insurance	Accident and health insurance	280		291	566	634	Accident and health insurance		358		286
Property insurance	Property insurance	1,183		1,097	2,515	2,144	Property insurance		957		1,332
Net investment income	Net investment income	15,892		15,320	31,379	30,564	Net investment income		17,074		15,487
Investment related gains (losses), net	Investment related gains (losses), net	(5,016)		4,859	(5,598)	5,151	Investment related gains (losses), net		(288)		(582)
Other income	Other income	634		553	1,722	1,468	Other income		879		1,088
Total revenues	Total revenues	$	53,734	63,558	109,091	119,041	Total revenues		$	55,914	55,357

Premium Income. Total life insurance premium revenues decreased $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 primarily driven by lower renewal premiums. Property insurance premiums were impacted by an increase in premiums paid for catastrophic reinsurance coverage.

Net Investment Income. Asummary of our net investment income and annualized net investment income performance are summarized as follows:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(In thousands, except for %)		2023			2022

Gross investment income:
Fixed maturity securities		$	14,945		13,883
Equity securities		165			151
Policy loans		1,539			1,589
Long-term investments		921			523
Other investment income		124			21
Total investment income		17,694			16,167
Investment expenses		(620)			(680)
Net investment income		$	17,074		15,487



Net investment income, annualized		$	68,297		61,948
Average invested assets, at amortized cost		$	1,519,149		1,473,240
Annualized yield on average invested assets		4.50		%	4.20	%

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 3446


CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Income from our fixed maturity securities constitutes the vast majority of our net investment income, as they comprise 88.2% of our investment portfolio based on fair value. Our total investment income increased by 9.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to a higher average portfolio yield on our fixed maturity securities in the current period. Long-term investment income increased as our private equity investment asset base grew. Our yield increased 30 basis points to 4.50% in the first three months of 2023 compared to the prior year period due to the rising interest rate environment.

Investment Related Gains (Losses), Net. We recorded investment related losses during the three months ended March 31, 2023 of $0.3 million compared to $0.6 million during the same prior year period. The losses are primarily related to the fair value change of our limited partnership and equity security investments resulting from the inflationary environment and volatility in equity markets. We did not sell these investments as changes in fair values of our equity securities are reflected as investment related gains or losses, in addition to executed transactions that result in a gain or loss.

Other Income. Other income consists primarily of supplemental contracts issued to policyholders in our Life Insurance segment upon the surrender or maturity of their original policies.

BENEFITS AND EXPENSES


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(In thousands)		2023		2022

Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders		$	30,299	28,434
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves		(978)		114
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss		880		668
Policyholders' dividends		1,108		1,353
Total insurance benefits paid or provided		31,309		30,569
Commissions		9,013		7,673
Other general expenses		11,260		11,030
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs		(6,358)		(4,781)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs		3,814		3,559
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired		161		129
Total benefits and expenses		$	49,199	48,179

Claims and surrenders benefits and other general expenses are our primary expenses. Total benefits and expenses increased in the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to same period in 2022.

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 47


CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

~~Premium Income.~~ ~~Total premium income decreased $0.6 million and $0.3 million, or 1.4% and 0.3%, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2021.~~

•~~Three months ended June 30, 2022~~: Total premiums decreased primarily due to lower renewal premiums in both of our segments partially offset by an increase in first year premiums in our Life Insurance segment. Despite the increase in first year premiums in the Life Insurance segment, total first year premiums decreased by 5.4% year-over-year during the second quarter due to a decrease in the Home Service segment, which we believe is associated with a change in the mix of business sold as we introduce new products.

•~~Six months ended June 30, 2022:~~ Total premiums decreased slightly as higher renewal premiums were more than offset by a decrease in first year premiums. We believe the increase in renewal premiums resulted primarily from strong sales in 2021 and continued retention and collection efforts. The first year premiums decrease occurred in both of our segments. In our Life Insurance segment, we believe the decline is attributed to lower average premiums related to strong sales from our new international whole life product while the Home Service segment decline we believe is associated with a change in the mix of business as we continue the introduction of new products.

~~Net Investment Income.~~ A~~summary of our net investment income and annualized net investment income performance are summarized as follows:~~

Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
June 30, June 30,
(In thousands, except for %) 2022 2021 2022 2021
Gross investment income:
Fixed maturity securities $ 14,259 13,796 28,142 27,896
Equity securities 144 216 295 423
Policy loans 1,517 1,563 3,106 3,207
Long-term investments 576 180 1,099 253
Other investment income 31 5 52 20
Total investment income 16,527 15,760 32,694 31,799
Investment expenses (635) (440) (1,315) (1,235)
Net investment income $ 15,892 15,320 31,379 30,564
Net investment income, annualized 62,758 61,128
Average invested assets, at amortized cost 1,476,336 1,447,241
Annualized yield on average invested assets 4.25 % 4.22 %

Income from our fixed maturity securities constitutes the vast majority of our net investment income, as they comprise 88.7% of our investment portfolio based on fair value. Our total investment income increased by 4.9% and 2.8% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2021, primarily due to a higher average portfolio yield on our fixed maturity securities in the current year period. The activity in the six months ended June 30, 2021 included income from a non-recurring "make-whole" call redemption. Long-term investment income increased as our private equity investment asset base grew and we received some early distribution income.

~~Investment Related Gains (Losses), Net.~~ We recorded investment related losses of $5.0 million and $5.6 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to investment related gains of $4.9 million and $5.2 million during the same prior year periods. The gains and losses are primarily related to the fair value change

~~June 30, 2022 | 10-Q 35~~


~~CITIZENS, INC.~~			~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS~~

~~of our limited partnership and equity securities investments, mostly in our Life Insurance segment, due to the inflationary environment and volatility in equity markets.~~

~~Other Income.~~ Other income consists primarily of supplemental contracts issued to policyholders in our Life Insurance segment upon the surrender or maturity of their original policies. We believe this income has been increasing over the past few quarters due to our retention initiatives.

~~BENEFITS AND EXPENSES~~
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
June 30, June 30,
(In thousands) 2022 2021 2022 2021

Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders $ 27,097 29,296 55,531 59,885
Increase in future policy benefit reserves 9,378 6,287 15,947 11,519
Policyholders' dividends 1,515 1,475 2,868 2,781
Total insurance benefits paid or provided 37,990 37,058 74,346 74,185
Commissions 8,924 8,801 16,597 16,958
Other general expenses 10,400 11,503 21,430 22,885
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs (6,184) (5,787) (10,965) (10,772)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs 5,970 6,074 11,787 12,257
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired 263 309 499 676
Total benefits and expenses $ 57,363 57,958 113,694 116,189

~~Claims and surrenders benefits and other general expenses are our primary expenses, both of which decreased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to same periods in 2021.~~

Claims and Surrenders.


		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended			Three Months Ended
		June 30,			June 30,			March 31,
(In thousands)	(In thousands)	2022		2021	2022	2021	(In thousands)		2023		2022

Claims and Surrenders:	Claims and Surrenders:						Claims and Surrenders:
Death claim benefits	Death claim benefits	$	5,873	6,544	12,890	15,484	Death claim benefits		$	5,382	7,017
Surrender benefits	Surrender benefits	11,607		13,529	23,866	26,336	Surrender benefits		12,316		12,259
Endowment benefits	Endowment benefits	2,152		2,251	4,286	4,652	Endowment benefits		2,109		2,134
Matured endowment benefits	Matured endowment benefits	6,133		5,662	12,267	10,784	Matured endowment benefits		8,765		6,134
Property claims	Property claims	163		315	305	636	Property claims		342		142
A&H and other policy benefits	A&H and other policy benefits	1,169		995	1,917	1,993	A&H and other policy benefits		1,385		748

Total claims and surrenders	Total claims and surrenders	$	27,097	29,296	55,531	59,885	Total claims and surrenders		$	30,299	28,434

Death claim benefits decreased ~~10.3% and 16.8%~~23.3% for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022, respectively,~~March 31, 2023 compared to the same ~~periods~~period in ~~2021. Death claims in our Life Insurance segment decreased 17.8% and 44.7% during the three and six months ended June 30,~~ 2022 respectively, and Home Service Insurance segment claims decreased 7.3% and 5.2% during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2021. The decrease in both segments during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022

~~June 30, 2022 | 10-Q 36~~


~~CITIZENS, INC.~~			~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS~~

~~compared to the same periods last year was~~ due primarily to a lower volume of reported death ~~claims, including COVID-19 related deaths, and lower average death claim amounts.~~

Surrender benefits decreased 14.2% and 9.4% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2021. Surrender benefits represented less than 0.5% of total direct ordinary whole life insurance in force of $4.7 billion as of June 30, 2022. We have focused our efforts on retaining policyholders and believe we have begun to see positive benefits from these efforts starting in the second half of 2021.claims.

Matured endowment benefits increased ~~8.3% and 13.8%~~42.9% for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022, respectively,~~March 31, 2023 compared to the same ~~periods~~period in ~~2021.~~2022. We anticipated this increase based upon the ~~dates when our endowment contracts were sold and the~~contractual maturity dates ~~set forth in the contracts.~~

~~Other General Expenses.~~ General expenses decreased 9.6% and 6.4% in the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2021. We had lower operating expenses primarily due to lower employee benefit costs in the three months ended June 30, 2022. In the six months ended June 30, 2022 we had lower consulting fees paid to our former CEO and lower professional fees incurred in connection with the change in control of the ~~Company in 2021, partially offset by higher expenses associated with our home office and travel and convention expenses as we return to pre-pandemic business operations.~~policies.

Explanation of other benefits and expenses

Increase (Decrease) in Future Policy Benefit Reserves. Future policy benefit reserves reflect the liability established to provide for the payment of policy benefits that we expect to pay in the future and thus generally increase when we have a ~~higher~~larger in force block of business due to higher sales and better persistency (i.e., more policies on which we expect to pay future benefits) and decrease when we have lower sales and persistency. ~~The~~In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the change in future policy benefit reserves ~~increased 49.2% and 38.4% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively,~~decreased compared to the same ~~periods in 2021~~prior year period due to ~~better sales~~the impact of reserves released from higher matured endowment benefits despite increases in insurance issued and ~~persistency. In addition, the change~~increases in ~~future policy reserves for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 was lower due to an $0.8 million adjustment for the conversion of a small~~our in force block of ~~policies to our new actuarial valuation system for our Life Insurance segment during the second quarter of 2021.~~business policy benefit reserves.

Commissions. Commission expenses are a cost of acquiring business, as commissions are the primary compensation paid to our independent consultants and independent agents for selling our products. First year commission rates are higher than renewal commission rates and thus commissions fluctuate directly in relation to first year sales. As discussed above, in the three months ended March 31, 2023, we experienced a 24% increase in first year sales leading to an increase in commissions related expenses.

Capitalization and Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs. Costs capitalized include certain commissions, policy issuance costs, and underwriting and agency expenses that relate to successful sales efforts for insurance contracts and thus fluctuate primarily with first year sales. Amortization is ~~impacted by persistency, surrenders, and new sales production and thus it may fluctuate from period~~on a constant level basis for the grouped contracts over the expected term of the related contracts to ~~period depending on these factors.~~approximate straight-line amortization.

SEGMENT OPERATIONS

Our business is comprised of two operating business segments, as detailed below.

•Life Insurance

•Home Service Insurance

These segments are reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The Company's Other Non-Insurance enterprises include non-insurance operations such as IT and corporate-support functions, which are included in the table ~~presented below to properly reconcile the segment information with the consolidated financial statements of the Company.~~

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 3748


CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

presented below to properly reconcile the segment information with the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

The following table ~~shows~~sets forth income (loss) before federal income taxes by segment during the periods indicated.


		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended			Three Months Ended
		June 30,			June 30,			March 31,
(In thousands)	(In thousands)	2022		2021	2022	2021	(In thousands)		2023		2022
Income (loss) before federal income tax expense:	Income (loss) before federal income tax expense:						Income (loss) before federal income tax expense:
Segments:	Segments:						Segments:
Life Insurance	Life Insurance	$	(2,363)	7,127	(1,333)	7,021	Life Insurance		$	6,372	5,864
Home Service Insurance	Home Service Insurance	106		538	(1,134)	(220)	Home Service Insurance		1,333		2,078
Total segments	Total segments	(2,257)		7,665	(2,467)	6,801	Total segments		7,705		7,942
Other Non-Insurance enterprises	Other Non-Insurance enterprises	(1,372)		(2,065)	(2,136)	(3,949)	Other Non-Insurance enterprises		(990)		(764)
Total income (loss) before federal income tax expense	Total income (loss) before federal income tax expense	$	(3,629)	5,600	(4,603)	2,852	Total income (loss) before federal income tax expense		$	6,715	7,178

LIFE INSURANCE

We had a net loss of $2.4 million and $1.3 million, respectively in the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to net income of $7.1 million and $7.0 million, respectively, in the prior year periods. As discussed above in "Financial Highlights" this change was due primarily to investment related losses in the current year periods. We recorded investment related losses of $4.0 million and $4.3 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, as compared to investment related gains of $4.6 million and $4.5 million during the same prior year periods.

All other revenues (premiums, net investment income and other income) collectively increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to the same prior year periods due primarily to higher net investment income. Total benefits and expenses in this segment benefited in each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 from lower claims and surrender benefits; however, increased overall in both periods compared to the prior year periods due to the increase in insurance issued and better persistency, which led to a higher increase in future policy benefit reserves and commissions.

~~June 30, 2022 | 10-Q 38~~


~~CITIZENS, INC.~~			~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS~~

Detailed results of operations for the Life Insurance segment for the periods indicated are as follows:

Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
June 30, June 30,
(In thousands) 2022 2021 2022 2021
Revenues:
Premiums $ 29,834 30,138 56,765 57,201
Net investment income 12,347 11,879 24,318 23,477
Investment related gains (losses), net (3,984) 4,644 (4,277) 4,536
Other income 633 553 1,721 1,466
Total revenues 38,830 47,214 78,527 86,680
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders 21,568 23,531 43,026 46,801
Increase in future policy benefit reserves 7,576 4,054 12,706 7,712
Policyholders' dividends 1,509 1,466 2,859 2,762
Total insurance benefits paid or provided 30,653 29,051 58,591 57,275
Commissions 4,792 4,398 8,598 8,629
Other general expenses 5,358 5,147 11,049 10,373
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs (4,307) (3,816) (7,613) (7,377)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs 4,613 5,200 9,095 10,548
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired 84 107 140 211
Total benefits and expenses 41,193 40,087 79,860 79,659
Income (loss) before federal income tax expense $ (2,363) 7,127 (1,333) 7,021

~~Life Insurance segment premium breakout is detailed below.~~

Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
June 30, June 30,
(In thousands) 2022 2021 2022 2021
Premiums:
First year $ 2,766 2,724 4,753 5,203
Renewal 27,068 27,414 52,012 51,998
Total premiums $ 29,834 30,138 56,765 57,201

~~Premiums.~~ Total premiums for three and six months ended June 30, 2022 decreased 1.0% and 0.8%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2021. We derive most of our premium revenue in the Life Insurance segment from renewal premiums, which decreased 1.3% and increased slightly in the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2021, which we believe was due to strong sales in 2021 and the success of our retention programs. First year premiums increased slightly for three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, which we believe is due to sales campaigns and our new international whole life product launched in March 2022. First year premiums decreased for the six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. We believe that the decline is primarily related to a decline in production in


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(In thousands)		2023		2022
Revenues:
Premiums		$	26,207	26,931
Net investment income		13,311		11,971
Investment related gains (losses), net		(437)		(293)
Other income		879		1,088
Total revenues		39,960		39,697
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders		24,439		21,458
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves		(1,820)		1,376
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss		816		414
Policyholders' dividends		1,101		1,350
Total insurance benefits paid or provided		24,536		24,598
Commissions		4,759		3,806
Other general expenses		5,459		5,691
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs		(4,360)		(3,306)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs		3,162		3,020
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired		32		24
Total benefits and expenses		33,588		33,833
Income (loss) before federal income tax expense		$	6,372	5,864

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 3949


CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

~~Taiwan due~~

In our Life Insurance segment we reported income before federal income tax of $6.4 million in ~~part~~the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to ~~COVID lock downs and continued decline~~income of $5.9 million in ~~production~~the prior year period primarily driven by higher net investment income, partially offset by lower renewal year premiums.

Life Insurance segment premium breakout is detailed below.


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(In thousands)		2023		2022
Premiums:
First year		$	2,594	1,987
Renewal		23,613		24,944
Total premiums		$	26,207	26,931

Premiums. First year premiums increased 30.5% for three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in ~~Venezuela~~2022, which we believe is due to ~~one~~sales campaigns and our new international whole life product, which launched in March 2022. Our total premiums for three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased 2.7% compared to the same period in 2022. We derive most of our ~~top distributors leaving our Company. As we discussed~~premium revenue in ~~Item 3 - Legal Proceedings~~the Life Insurance segment from renewal premiums, which decreased 5.3% in ~~our Annual Report on~~ ~~Form 10-K~~ ~~for~~ the ~~year~~three months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2021, we believe these distributors are illegally competing with us and stealing our trade secrets and business.~~2023 as compared to the same period in 2022.

International Life Insurance Premiums. Life insurance premiums are generated largely from our international policyholders from more than 70 different countries across the globe. The majority of our international premiums are derived from whole life and endowment products. The following table sets forth ~~for~~ our premiums collected from the top five ~~producing~~ countries ~~our direct premiums from~~of our international life insurance business for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and ~~2021.~~2022.


		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended				Three Months Ended
		June 30,			June 30,				March 31,
(In thousands)	(In thousands)	2022		2021	2022		2021	(In thousands)		2023		2022
Country:	Country:							Country:
Colombia	Colombia	$	6,365	6,023	$	11,896	11,267	Colombia		$	6,057	6,030
Taiwan	Taiwan	4,163		4,743	8,678		9,227	Taiwan		5,302		4,923
Venezuela	Venezuela	4,204		4,496	7,955		8,864	Venezuela		3,722		4,090
Ecuador	Ecuador	3,319		3,346	6,094		6,267	Ecuador		3,246		3,026
Argentina	Argentina	2,731		2,408	4,438		4,236	Argentina		2,184		1,861
Other Non-U.S.	Other Non-U.S.	10,880		10,083	18,570		18,188	Other Non-U.S.		8,841		8,933
Total	Total	$	31,662	31,099	57,631		58,049	Total		$	29,352	28,863

Domestic Life Insurance Premiums. Domestic premiums in our Life Insurance segment ~~were $1.2 million and $2.2 million~~remained consistent in the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022, respectively,~~March 31, 2023 compared to ~~$1.3 million and $2.5 million in~~ the same prior year ~~periods.~~period. Our domestic in force business results primarily from receipt of renewal premiums from blocks of business of various insurance companies we have acquired over the years ~~and~~as we ceased selling ordinary life in 2017. We currently offer whole life, credit life, credit disability and critical illness products domestically.

Net Investment Income. Our net investment income increased by ~~3.9% and 3.6%~~11.2% for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022, respectively,~~March 31, 2023 compared to the same ~~periods~~period in ~~2021 from~~2022 due to our higher average portfolio ~~yield in the current year period. Fixed maturity securities income for the six months ended June 30, 2021 included a non-recurring "make-whole" call redemption. Long-term~~yield. The majority of investment income ~~increased~~is derived from fixed maturity securities; however, long-term investment income continued to increase as our limited partnership ~~investments~~ asset base ~~grew and we received some early distribution income.~~grew.

~~Investment Related Gains (Losses), Net.~~ ~~The investment related losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 were a result of the change in estimated fair market value for our limited partnerships, as previously discussed.~~

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 4050


CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Investment Related Gains (Losses), Net. We recorded investment related losses of $0.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to investment related losses of $0.3 million during the same prior year period resulting from the change in estimated fair market value for our limited partnerships, as previously discussed.

Claims and Surrenders. The following table ~~shows the~~sets forth our primary claims and surrender benefits paid within ~~the~~our Life Insurance segment for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 compared to the same ~~periods~~period in ~~2021.~~2022.


		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended			Three Months Ended
		June 30,			June 30,			March 31,
(In thousands)	(In thousands)	2022		2021	2022	2021	(In thousands)		2023		2022
Claims and Surrenders:	Claims and Surrenders:						Claims and Surrenders:
Death claim benefits	Death claim benefits	$	1,519	1,849	2,509	4,533	Death claim benefits		$	748	990
Surrender benefits	Surrender benefits	10,776		12,978	22,413	25,229	Surrender benefits		11,628		11,637
Endowment benefits	Endowment benefits	2,149		2,248	4,278	4,647	Endowment benefits		2,108		2,129
Matured endowment benefits	Matured endowment benefits	5,981		5,489	11,988	10,469	Matured endowment benefits		8,620		6,007
A&H and other policy benefits	A&H and other policy benefits	1,143		967	1,838	1,923	A&H and other policy benefits		1,335		695

Total claims and surrenders	Total claims and surrenders	$	21,568	23,531	43,026	46,801	Total claims and surrenders		$	24,439	21,458

During the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021,~~ the majority of our claims and surrender benefits in our Life Insurance segment were related to payment of surrender benefits and matured endowment benefits. ~~Surrenders decreased 17.0% and 11.2% in the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the prior year periods. We believe this improvement is due to the success~~Many of our ~~retention programs aimed at curbing surrenders. Matured~~endowment policies are reaching their contractual maturity dates and thus matured endowment benefits ~~have generally been increasing but can fluctuate, which we expected due to the timing of maturities.~~are increasing. Death claims benefits decreased for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022, as~~March 31, 2023 compared to the prior year ~~periods. We believe that~~period. Mortality experience is closely monitored by the ~~COVID-19 pandemic contributed to high death claims in the 2021 period.~~Company as a key performance indicator and these amounts were within expected levels.

Increase (Decrease) in Future Policy Benefit Reserves. The change in future policy benefit reserves ~~increased 86.9% and 64.8%~~decreased as a result of reserves released from higher matured endowment benefits which is offset by increases in our in force block of business for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022, respectively,~~March 31, 2023 compared to the same ~~periods~~period in 2021 due to better sales and persistency. In addition, the change in future policy reserves for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 was lower due to an $0.8 million adjustment for the conversion of a small block of policies to our new actuarial valuation system during the second quarter of 2021.2022.

~~Other General Expenses.~~

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 51

Table of Contents General expenses increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the same periods in 2021 due primarily to expenses associated with our home office and travel related expenses including our convention. We did not have a convention in 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

HOME SERVICE INSURANCE

Income before federal income tax expense in our Home Service Insurance segment decreased by $0.4 million and $0.9 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, as compared to the prior year periods, driven by investment related losses due to the changes in the fair value of our equity securities. The effect of the investment related losses on pre-tax net income was partially offset by lower death benefits, fewer hurricane property claims and lower operating expenses in the current year periods.

~~June 30, 2022 | 10-Q 41~~


~~CITIZENS, INC.~~			~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS~~

Detailed results of operations for the Home Service Insurance segment for the periods indicated are as follows:


		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended			Three Months Ended
		June 30,			June 30,			March 31,
(In thousands)	(In thousands)	2022		2021	2022	2021	(In thousands)		2023		2022
Revenues:	Revenues:						Revenues:
Premiums	Premiums	$	12,390	12,688	24,823	24,657	Premiums		$	12,042	12,433
Net investment income	Net investment income	3,283		3,243	6,527	6,588	Net investment income		3,470		3,244
Investment related gains (losses), net	Investment related gains (losses), net	(925)		206	(1,167)	429	Investment related gains (losses), net		99		(242)
Other income		1		—	1	2

Total revenues	Total revenues	14,749		16,137	30,184	31,676	Total revenues		15,611		15,435
Benefits and expenses:	Benefits and expenses:						Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:	Insurance benefits paid or provided:						Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders	Claims and surrenders	5,529		5,765	12,505	13,084	Claims and surrenders		5,860		6,976
Increase in future policy benefit reserves		1,802		2,233	3,241	3,807
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves							Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves		842		(1,262)
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss							Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss		64		254
Policyholders' dividends	Policyholders' dividends	6		9	9	19	Policyholders' dividends		7		3
Total insurance benefits paid or provided	Total insurance benefits paid or provided	7,337		8,007	15,755	16,910	Total insurance benefits paid or provided		6,773		5,971
Commissions	Commissions	4,132		4,403	7,999	8,329	Commissions		4,254		3,867
Other general expenses	Other general expenses	3,515		4,084	7,865	7,878	Other general expenses		4,468		4,350
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	(1,877)		(1,971)	(3,352)	(3,395)	Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs		(1,998)		(1,475)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	1,357		874	2,692	1,709	Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs		652		539
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	179		202	359	465	Amortization of cost of insurance acquired		129		105
Total benefits and expenses	Total benefits and expenses	14,643		15,599	31,318	31,896	Total benefits and expenses		14,278		13,357
Income (loss) before federal income tax expense		$	106	538	(1,134)	(220)
Income before federal income tax expense							Income before federal income tax expense		$	1,333	2,078

In our Home Service Insurance segment we reported income before federal income tax of $1.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to income of $2.1 million in the prior year period. This decrease is primarily driven by an increase in catastrophic reinsurance costs and higher total insurance benefits paid or provided partially offset by investment related gains due to the changes in the fair value of our equity securities.

Premiums. Total premium revenue declined by ~~2.3%~~3.1% in the three months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in ~~2021 which we believe is associated with the change~~2022 despite an increase of 15.1% in our business mix as we continue the strategic transformation of this business and introduce new products, which are lower cost to policyholders than some of our legacy products. Premium revenue increased by 0.7% in the sixfirst year premiums for three months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in ~~2021. This~~2022. The decline in premium was attributed to lower property insurance premiums from an increase ~~is due to higher~~in catastrophic reinsurance costs and lower life insurance renewal premiums during the six months ended June 30, 2022 as a result of collection efforts by our independent agents as well as the impact from a pricing increase on our property casualty business products.year premiums.

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 4252


CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Claims and Surrenders. Claims and surrender benefits, which are the largest portion of our expenses in the Home Service Insurance segment, are summarized as follows:


		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended			Three Months Ended
		June 30,			June 30,			March 31,
(In thousands)	(In thousands)	2022		2021	2022	2021	(In thousands)		2023		2022
Claims and Surrenders:	Claims and Surrenders:						Claims and Surrenders:
Death claim benefits	Death claim benefits	$	4,354	4,695	10,381	10,951	Death claim benefits		$	4,634	6,027
Surrender benefits	Surrender benefits	831		551	1,453	1,107	Surrender benefits		688		622
Endowment benefits	Endowment benefits	3		3	8	5	Endowment benefits		1		5
Matured endowment benefits	Matured endowment benefits	152		173	279	315	Matured endowment benefits		145		127
Property claims	Property claims	163		315	305	636	Property claims		342		142
A&H and other policy benefits	A&H and other policy benefits	26		28	79	70	A&H and other policy benefits		50		53

Total claims and surrenders	Total claims and surrenders	$	5,529	5,765	12,505	13,084	Total claims and surrenders		$	5,860	6,976

The majority of claims and surrender benefits in our Home Service Insurance segment relate to death claim benefits. Death claim benefits decreased ~~7.3% and 5.2%~~23.1% in the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022, respectively,~~March 31, 2023 compared to the same ~~2021 periods.~~2022 period. The decrease in death claim benefits was due primarily to a ~~slightly~~ lower volume of reported ~~claims, including less COVID-19 related deaths.~~claims. Mortality experience is closely monitored by the Company as a key performance indicator and fluctuates from quarter-to-quarter based on reported claims. ~~Property claims decreased due to a lower volume of reported claims and fewer hurricane property claims.~~

~~Other General Expenses.~~Increase in Future Policy Benefit Reserves. ~~General expenses decreased~~The change in future policy benefit reserves increased as a result of increases in insurance issued and lower total death claim benefits for the three months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in ~~2021, primarily due to lower employee health benefit costs.~~2022.

OTHER NON-INSURANCE ENTERPRISES


		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended			Three Months Ended
		June 30,			June 30,			March 31,
(In thousands)	(In thousands)	2022		2021	2022	2021	(In thousands)		2023		2022
Income (loss) before income tax expense	Income (loss) before income tax expense	$	(1,372)	(2,065)	(2,136)	(3,949)	Income (loss) before income tax expense		$	(990)	(764)

This operating unit represents the administrative support entities to the insurance operations. Its revenues are primarily intercompany and have been eliminated in consolidation under U.S. GAAP, which typically results in a segment loss. Revenue in this operating unit consists primarily of net investment income and investment related gains or losses, while expenses consist of other general expenses related to corporate functions. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Other Non-Insurance Enterprises had a loss of $1.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively, compared to a loss of $2.1 million and $3.9 million for the same periods in 2021, as other general expenses decreased in the current year period due to payment of consulting fees to our former CEO and professional fees in connection with the change in control of the Company in 2021.

INVESTMENTS

Our investments are an integral part of our business success. Our cash and invested assets at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 were $1.4 billion, of which ~~87.4%~~87.0% was invested in fixed maturity securities, all of which are classified as available-for-sale. We closely monitor the duration of our fixed maturity investments, and investment purchases and sales are executed with the objective of having adequate funds available to satisfy our insurance obligations.

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 4353


CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

The following table ~~shows~~sets forth the carrying value of our investments by investment category and cash, cash equivalents and the percentage of each to total cash and invested assets.


Carrying Value	Carrying Value	June 30, 2022				December 31, 2021				Carrying Value	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
(In thousands, except for %)	(In thousands, except for %)	Amount		%		Amount		%		(In thousands, except for %)	Amount		%		Amount		%
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Invested Assets	Cash, Cash Equivalents and Invested Assets									Cash, Cash Equivalents and Invested Assets
Fixed maturity securities:	Fixed maturity securities:									Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$	13,856	1.0	%	$	15,070	0.9	%	U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$	9,688	0.7	%	$	13,278	1.0	%
Corporate	Corporate	734,762		51.9	%	893,008		54.0	%	Corporate	758,974		53.7	%	715,645		52.5	%
States and political subdivisions (1)	States and political subdivisions (1)	343,389		24.2	%	383,958		23.3	%	States and political subdivisions (1)	308,580		21.8	%	307,358		22.5	%
Mortgage-backed (2)	Mortgage-backed (2)	110,014		7.8	%	133,795		8.1	%	Mortgage-backed (2)	103,071		7.3	%	99,995		7.3	%
Asset-backed	Asset-backed	34,879		2.5	%	44,676		2.7	%	Asset-backed	49,277		3.5	%	43,242		3.2	%
Foreign governments	Foreign governments	104		—	%	110		—	%	Foreign governments	101		—	%	101		—	%
Total fixed maturity securities	Total fixed maturity securities	1,237,004		87.4	%	1,470,617		89.0	%	Total fixed maturity securities	1,229,691		87.0	%	1,179,619		86.5	%

Short-term investments										Short-term investments	1,244		0.1	%	1,241		0.1	%
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	22,407		1.5	%	27,294		1.7	%	Cash and cash equivalents	18,924		1.4	%	22,973		1.7	%
Other investments:	Other investments:									Other investments:
Policy loans	Policy loans	78,586		5.5	%	80,307		4.9	%	Policy loans	78,659		5.6	%	78,773		5.8	%
Equity securities	Equity securities	12,711		0.9	%	14,844		0.9	%	Equity securities	11,899		0.8	%	11,590		0.8	%

Other long-term investments	Other long-term investments	66,002		4.7	%	57,399		3.5	%	Other long-term investments	72,254		5.1	%	69,558		5.1	%
Total cash, cash equivalents and invested assets	Total cash, cash equivalents and invested assets	$	1,416,710	100.0	%	$	1,650,461	100.0	%	Total cash, cash equivalents and invested assets	$	1,412,671	100.0	%	$	1,363,754	100.0	%

(1) Includes ~~$146.8~~$128.5 million and ~~$160.6~~$133.2 million of securities guaranteed by third parties at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

(2) Includes ~~$109.8~~$102.7 million and ~~$136.5~~$98.8 million of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

The carrying value of the Company’s fixed maturity securities investment portfolio at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 was ~~$1.2~~$1.23 billion compared to ~~$1.5~~$1.18 billion at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. As discussed above, this ~~decline~~increase reflects the impact of interest rate sensitivity on the fair value of our fixed maturity securities. The distribution of the credit ratings of our portfolio of fixed maturity securities by carrying value as of ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 did not materially change from December 31, ~~2021~~2022 – the weighted average was “A” at both dates. ~~Our portfolio mix did not materially change during the six months.~~

Cash and cash equivalents decreased as of ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 from December 31, ~~2021~~2022 and can fluctuate from period to period primarily due ~~primarily~~ to the ~~reinvestment of funds in higher interest rate securities.~~timing from operating and investing activities.

Other long-term investments increased by ~~$8.6~~$2.7 million as of ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 from December 31, ~~2021~~2022 due to additional funding of our limited partnership investments.

Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions

The Company’s fixed maturity securities investment portfolio at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 included ~~$343.4~~$308.6 million and ~~$384.0~~$307.4 million, respectively, of securities that are obligations of states and political subdivisions, including municipalities (collectively referred to as the municipal bond portfolio).

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 4454


CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

The Company's municipal bond portfolio includes third-party guarantees. Detailed below is a presentation by the Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization ("NRSRO") rating of these holdings by funding type as of ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023.


		General Obligation			Special Revenue		Other		Total		% Based on Amortized Cost			General Obligation			Special Revenue		Other		Total		% Based on Amortized Cost
(In thousands, except for %)	(In thousands, except for %)	Fair Value		Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost			(In thousands, except for %)	Fair Value		Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost
State and political subdivision fixed maturity securities including third-party guarantees	State and political subdivision fixed maturity securities including third-party guarantees												State and political subdivision fixed maturity securities including third-party guarantees
AAA	AAA	$	15,036	14,574	3,862	3,794	—	—	18,898	18,368	5.1	%	AAA	$	14,073	13,949	6,494	6,584	—	—	20,567	20,533	6.1	%
AA	AA	48,577		47,211	117,530	127,360	11,067	11,102	177,174	185,673	51.7	%	AA	48,733		48,641	114,841	130,002	10,714	11,090	174,288	189,733	56.7	%
A	A	15,847		16,082	94,993	101,882	4,599	4,408	115,439	122,372	34.1	%	A	5,956		6,252	88,770	97,907	4,474	4,403	99,200	108,562	32.4	%
BBB	BBB	2,560		2,547	8,326	9,131	1,399	1,450	12,285	13,128	3.7	%	BBB	626		656	8,295	9,501	1,375	1,450	10,296	11,607	3.5	%
BB and other	BB and other	4,298		4,401	15,295	15,257	—	—	19,593	19,658	5.4	%	BB and other	2,963		3,185	1,266	1,267	—	—	4,229	4,452	1.3	%
Total	Total	$	86,318	84,815	240,006	257,424	17,065	16,960	343,389	359,199	100.0	%	Total	$	72,351	72,683	219,666	245,261	16,563	16,943	308,580	334,887	100.0	%

State and political subdivision fixed maturity securities excluding third-party guarantees	State and political subdivision fixed maturity securities excluding third-party guarantees												State and political subdivision fixed maturity securities excluding third-party guarantees

AA	AA	$	30,307	29,432	44,434	46,949	6,845	6,518	81,586	82,899	23.1	%	AA	$	34,169	34,123	39,052	42,762	6,597	6,505	79,818	83,390	24.9	%
A	A	28,543		28,496	124,179	134,577	7,159	7,138	159,881	170,211	47.4	%	A	16,823		17,178	121,766	136,950	6,952	7,133	145,541	161,261	48.2	%
BBB	BBB	4,555		4,455	27,869	29,917	1,663	1,855	34,087	36,227	10.1	%	BBB	2,568		2,561	27,060	30,101	1,639	1,855	31,267	34,517	10.3	%
BB and other	BB and other	22,913		22,432	43,524	45,981	1,398	1,449	67,835	69,862	19.4	%	BB and other	18,791		18,821	31,788	35,448	1,375	1,450	51,954	55,719	16.6	%
Total	Total	$	86,318	84,815	240,006	257,424	17,065	16,960	343,389	359,199	100.0	%	Total	$	72,351	72,683	219,666	245,261	16,563	16,943	308,580	334,887	100.0	%

The table below shows the categories in which the Company held investments in special revenue bonds that were greater than 10% of fair value based upon the Company's total municipal bond portfolio at ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023.


(In thousands)	(In thousands)	Fair Value		Amortized Cost	% of Total Fair Value		(In thousands)	Fair Value		Amortized Cost	% of Total Fair Value

Education	Education	$	58,278	62,222	17.0	%	Education	$	48,486	54,317	15.7	%
Utilities	Utilities	53,540		55,118	15.6	%	Utilities	46,416		49,303	15.0	%
Transportation	Transportation	38,807		44,071	11.3	%	Transportation	38,239		44,661	12.4	%

The Company's municipal bond portfolio is spread across many states, however, municipal bonds from Texas and California comprise the most significant concentration of the total municipal bond portfolio as of ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. The Company holds ~~20.5%~~21.7% and ~~12.6%~~14.3% of its municipal bond portfolio in Texas and California issuers, respectively, as of ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. There were no other states or individual issuer holdings that represented or exceeded 10% of the total municipal bond portfolio as of ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023.

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 4555


CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

The table below represents the Company's detailed exposure to municipal ~~bond portfolio~~bonds in Texas at ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023.


June 30, 2022		General Obligation			Special Revenue		Other		Total
												General Obligation			Special Revenue		Other		Total
(In thousands)	(In thousands)	Fair Value		Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	(In thousands)	Fair Value		Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost
Texas state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities including third-party guarantees	Texas state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities including third-party guarantees										Texas state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities including third-party guarantees
AAA	AAA	$	14,510	14,067	3,145	3,069	—	—	17,655	17,136	AAA	$	13,564	13,442	3,060	3,055	—	—	16,624	16,497
AA	AA	19,624		19,117	11,988	12,810	—	—	31,612	31,927	AA	17,572		17,549	14,730	16,302	—	—	32,302	33,851
A	A	—		—	18,745	23,096	—	—	18,745	23,096	A	—		—	17,458	22,195	—	—	17,458	22,195
BBB		—		—	1,908	1,823	—	—	1,908	1,823

BB and other	BB and other	—		—	510	503	—	—	510	503	BB and other	—		—	500	501	—	—	500	501
Total	Total	$	34,134	33,184	36,296	41,301	—	—	70,430	74,485	Total	$	31,136	30,991	35,748	42,053	—	—	66,884	73,044
Texas state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities excluding third-party guarantees	Texas state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities excluding third-party guarantees										Texas state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities excluding third-party guarantees

AA	AA	$	27,953	27,183	3,058	3,013	—	—	31,011	30,196	AA	$	25,137	24,997	3,002	2,982	—	—	28,139	27,979
A	A	5,017		4,856	25,369	30,251	—	—	30,386	35,107	A	4,860		4,852	26,978	32,867	—	—	31,838	37,719
BBB	BBB	1,164		1,145	5,307	5,249	—	—	6,471	6,394	BBB	1,139		1,142	3,274	3,421	—	—	4,413	4,563
BB and other	BB and other	—		—	2,562	2,788	—	—	2,562	2,788	BB and other	—		—	2,494	2,783	—	—	2,494	2,783
Total	Total	$	34,134	33,184	36,296	41,301	—	—	70,430	74,485	Total	$	31,136	30,991	35,748	42,053	—	—	66,884	73,044

The table below represents the Company's detailed exposure to municipal ~~bond portfolio~~bonds in California at ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023.


	General Obligation			Special Revenue		Other		Total
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost
California state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities including third-party guarantees

AA	$	1,965	2,036	30,221	35,601	2,478	2,731	34,664	40,368
A	1,306		1,650	7,208	8,924	—	—	8,514	10,574
BBB	—		—	866	865	—	—	866	865

Total	$	3,271	3,686	38,295	45,390	2,478	2,731	44,044	51,807
California state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities excluding third-party guarantees

AA	$	464	445	4,691	5,447	—	—	5,155	5,892
A	2,807		3,241	15,766	18,971	2,478	2,731	21,051	24,943
BBB	—		—	3,713	3,929	—	—	3,713	3,929
BB and other	—		—	14,125	17,043	—	—	14,125	17,043
Total	$	3,271	3,686	38,295	45,390	2,478	2,731	44,044	51,807

IMPAIRMENT CONSIDERATIONS RELATED TO INVESTMENTS IN FIXED MATURITY AND EQUITY SECURITIES

The Company did not record any credit valuation allowances on fixed maturity securities in either of the three months ended March 31, 2023 or 2022.

June 30, 2022 General Obligation Special Revenue Other Total
(In thousands) Fair
Value Amortized
Cost Fair
Value Amortized
Cost Fair
Value Amortized
Cost Fair
Value Amortized
Cost
California state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities including third-party guarantees
AA $ 1,543 1,574 26,605 30,812 2,559 2,730 30,707 35,116
A 1,353 1,650 6,651 8,102 — — 8,004 9,752
BBB — — 866 865 — — 866 865
BB and other — — 3,787 3,777 — — 3,787 3,777
Total $ 2,896 3,224 37,909 43,556 2,559 2,730 43,364 49,510
California state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities excluding third-party guarantees
AA $ — — 2,434 3,062 — — 2,434 3,062
A 2,896 3,224 13,658 16,459 2,559 2,730 19,113 22,413
BBB — — 3,923 4,043 — — 3,923 4,043
BB and other — — 17,894 19,992 — — 17,894 19,992
Total $ 2,896 3,224 37,909 43,556 2,559 2,730 43,364 49,510
Information on both unrealized and realized gains and losses by category is set forth in Part I, Item 1, Note 3. Investments of the notes to our consolidated financial statements herein.

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 4656


CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

~~IMPAIRMENT CONSIDERATIONS RELATED TO INVESTMENTS IN FIXED MATURITY AND EQUITY SECURITIES~~

~~The Company did not record any credit valuation allowances on fixed maturity securities in either of the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 or 2021.~~

~~Information on both unrealized and realized gains and losses by category is set forth in~~ ~~Part I, Item 1, Note 5. Investments~~ ~~of the notes to our consolidated financial statements herein.~~

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Below are our primary capital resources (based on carrying value of each) as of the periods ~~indicated below.~~indicated.


(In thousands)	(In thousands)	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021	(In thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Fixed maturity securities	Fixed maturity securities	$	1,237,004	1,470,617	Fixed maturity securities	$	1,229,691	1,179,619
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	22,407		27,294	Cash and cash equivalents	18,924		22,973

Liquidity refers to a company's ability to generate sufficient cash flows to meet the needs of its operations. In the three months ended March 31, 2023 our operations resulted in $7.4 million in net cash. We manage our insurance operations as described herein in order to ensure that we have stable and reliable sources of cash ~~flows~~flow to meet our obligations. We currently anticipate meeting our short-term and long-term cash needs with cash generated by our insurance operations and from our invested assets. At June 30, 2022, we had $22.4 million in cash and cash equivalents and $1.4 billion in invested assets. As described above, cash and cash equivalents decreased as of June 30, 2022 from December 31, 2021 due primarily to the reinvestment of funds in higher interest rate securities and the decline in the fair value of our fixed maturity securities is due to rising interest rates. As discussed in ~~Part I,~~ ~~Item 1~~. ~~Note 5~~. ~~Investments~~ in the notes to our consolidated financial statements herein, we expect the fair value to recover as the securities approach maturity. We have only recorded a $0.3 million unrealized loss on securities due in 1 year or less. From time-to-time, we may raise capital by selling shares in our SIP (as defined below) and we may also access our Credit Facility if needed (also as described below).

PARENT COMPANY LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Citizens is a holding company and has minimal operations of its own. Our assets consist of the capital stock of our subsidiaries, cash and investments. Our liquidity requirements are met primarily from two sources: cash generated from our operating subsidiaries and our invested assets. Our ability to obtain cash from our insurance subsidiaries depends primarily upon the availability of statutorily permissible payments, including payments Citizens receives from service agreements with our insurance subsidiaries and dividends from the subsidiaries. The ability to make payments to the holding company is limited by applicable laws and regulations of Bermuda, Puerto Rico and U.S. states of domicile which subject insurance operations to significant regulatory restrictions. These laws and regulations require, among other things, that our insurance subsidiaries maintain minimum solvency requirements, which limit the amount of dividends that can be paid to the holding company. The regulations also require approval of our service agreements with the applicable regulatory authority in order to prevent insurance subsidiaries from moving large amounts of cash to the unregulated holding company.

In addition to the above-mentioned sources of cash, we offer a Stock Investment Plan ("SIP"), whereby investors, policyholders, independent contractors and agents, employees and directors can directly purchase our stock. At our option, purchases of stock under the SIP can be made from newly issued or treasury stock, rather than in the open market, in which case, we can raise capital by selling our shares.

In 2021, we entered into a Credit Facility with Regions Bank. See Part I, Item 1, Note 7. Commitments and Contingencies in the notes to our consolidated financial statements, herein, for a description of the Credit Facility.

~~June 30, 2022 | 10-Q 47~~


~~CITIZENS, INC.~~			~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS~~

The Credit Facility provides additional liquidity to the Company for short-term and longer-term needs. As of ~~June 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, we have not borrowed any money under the Credit Facility and have no immediate plans to do so.

INSURANCE COMPANY SUBSIDIARY LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The liquidity requirements of our insurance operations are primarily met by premium revenues, investment income and investment maturities or sales. Primary cash needs relate to payments of policyholder benefits, investment purchases and operating expenses. Historically, cash flow from our operations has been sufficient to meet our cash needs. We have not had to liquidate a material amount of investments to pay our expenses and we did not do so in the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. We believe that we have adequate capital resources to support the liquidity requirements of our insurance operations if the cash flow from our insurance operations is insufficient to meet our cash needs. See Contractual Obligations and Off-balance Sheet Arrangements in our Form 10-K and below for a discussion of known and estimated cash needs. Cash flow projections and cash flow tests under various market interest rate scenarios are performed annually to assist in evaluating liquidity needs and adequacy.

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 57


CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Cash from Operating Activities. Cash provided by or used in operating activities is an important liquidity metric because it reflects, during a given period, the amount of cash generated that is available to pay our operating expenses, invest in our business or make strategic acquisitions. In the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, our operations provided ~~$22.3~~$7.4 million in net cash.

Cash from Investing Activities. We have traditionally also had significant cash flows from ~~investing activities due to~~ both scheduled and unscheduled investment security maturities, redemptions, and prepayments. These cash flows, for the most part, are reinvested in ~~new~~fixed income securities and to a lesser extent limited partnerships or other alternative investments. Net cash ~~used in~~outflows from investing activities totaled ~~$27.9~~$11.0 million for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2022. Due to the higher interest rate environment, we purchased $64.7 million in fixed maturity securities and we also used $14.7 million to purchase other long-term investments. Our~~March 31, 2023. The investing activities fluctuate from period to period due to timing of securities activities such as calls and maturities and reinvestment of those funds.

~~Cash from Financing Activities.~~ ~~Cash provided by financing activities was $0.7~~We purchased $25.1 million in ~~the six months ended June 30, 2022, due primarily~~fixed maturity securities and we also used $3.5 million to ~~the issuance~~purchase other long-term investments. 87% of ~~shares under the SIP.~~our total cash, cash equivalents and investments consist of marketable fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale that could be readily converted to cash for liquidity needs.

Trends, Demands and Restrictions on our Uses of Cash

Because claims and ~~surrender benefits~~surrenders are our largest expense, a primary liquidity concern is the risk of either (i) an extraordinary level of early policyholder surrenders, or (ii) higher than expected ~~mortality.~~mortality experience. In order to mitigate the risk of early policyholder surrenders, we include provisions in our insurance policies, such as surrender charges, that help limit and discourage early withdrawals. As previously discussed, surrender benefits had been higher than usual the last several years as many of our policies have reached the age where surrender charges have expired and due to other reasons, like the loss of one of our biggest distributors in Venezuela. However, we have been aggressively managing policyholder retention efforts and in the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, surrender benefits ~~slightly decreased.~~have leveled. To the extent that early surrenders are higher than expected, our liquidity could be negatively impacted. We continue to monitor surrenders and early withdrawals.

Our ~~whole life and~~ endowment products provide the policyholder with alternatives once the policy matures - they can choose to take a lump sum payout or leave the money on deposit at interest with the Company. As of ~~June 30, 2022, 39%~~March 31, 2023, 37% of the Company's total insurance in force was in endowment products. Approximately ~~14%~~17% of the endowments in force will mature in the next five years. Policyholder election behavior is unknown, but if too many policyholders elect lump sum distributions, the Company could be exposed to liquidity risk in years of high maturities. Meeting these distributions could require the Company to sell ~~securities~~its investments at inopportune times to pay policyholder withdrawals. Alternatively, if the policyholders were to leave the money on deposit with the Company at interest, our profitability could be impacted if the product guaranteed rate is higher than the market rate we are earning on our investments. We currently anticipate that our available operating cash flow and capital resources will be adequate to meet our needs for funds, but we will monitor closely our policyholder behavior patterns.

~~June 30, 2022 | 10-Q 48~~


~~CITIZENS, INC.~~			~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS~~

Death claims, which were high in 2021 due in part to COVID, have decreased to pre-pandemic levels during the first six months of 2022. We continue to closely monitor claim volumes to evaluate whether there is a delay in reporting or filing for benefits as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

As discussed above, we are subject to regulatory capital requirements that could affect the Company’s ability to access capital from our insurance operations or cause the Company to have to put additional cash in our wholly-owned subsidiaries.

Our domestic companies are subject to minimum capital requirements set by the NAIC in the form of risk-based capital ("RBC"). RBC considers the type of business written by an insurance company, the quality of its assets, and various other aspects of an insurance company's business to develop a minimum level of capital called "Authorized Control Level Risk-Based Capital". This level of capital is then compared to an adjusted statutory capital that includes capital and surplus as reported under statutory accounting principles, plus certain investment reserves. Should the ratio of adjusted statutory capital to control level RBC fall below 200% for our domestic companies, a series of remedial actions by the affected company would be required. Additionally, we have a parental guarantee between Citizens and CICA, Citizens' wholly-owned subsidiary domiciled in Colorado, to maintain a RBC level above 350%. At ~~June 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, our domestic insurance subsidiaries were above the required minimum RBC levels.

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 58


CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

CICA International is a Bermuda domiciled company. The BMA requires Bermuda insurers to maintain available statutory economic capital and surplus at a level equal to or in excess of the BMA's Enhanced Capital Requirement, which requires a certain Target Capital Level ("TCL"). ~~As of June 30, 2022, CICA International was above the TCL threshold.~~ At the request of the BMA, on April 15, 2021, Citizens and CICA International entered into a Keep Well Agreement. The Keep Well Agreement requires Citizens to contribute up to $10 million in capital to CICA International as necessary to ensure that CICA International has a minimum capital level of 120%. Since CICA International’s capital level currently exceeds 120%, Citizens is not currently required to make a capital contribution. Any capital injection that Citizens is required to make under the parental guarantee with CICA or under the Keep Well Agreement with CICA International could negatively impact the Company’s capital resources and liquidity.

CICA PR is a Puerto Rico domiciled company. The Insurance Code does not specifically set forth minimum capital and surplus standards, but rather requires that an insurer submit a business plan for approval to the OIC that includes proposed minimum capital and surplus. CICA PR is required to maintain a minimum of $750,000 in capital and maintain a premium to surplus ratio of 7 to 1. CICA PR began issuing new business as of January 1, 2023 and since higher costs are associated with new business than renewal business (e.g., first year commissions), we expect that Citizens will have to contribute capital to CICA PR in the foreseeable future in order to maintain the required premium to surplus ratio. Like with CICA International, any capital that Citizens is required to contribute could negatively impact the Company's capital resources and liquidity.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

As of ~~June 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, we have no additional contractual obligations or off-balance sheet arrangements other than those described in Part I. Item 1, Note 7. Commitments and Contingencies in the notes to our consolidated financial statements herein and in Part II, Item 7, Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements in our Form 10-K. We do not utilize special purpose entities as investment vehicles, nor are there any such entities in which we have an investment that engage in speculative activities of any nature, and we do not use such investments to hedge our investment positions.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

We believe that the accounting policies set forth in Part I, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - "Critical Accounting Policies" and Part IV, Item 15, Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of our consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K continue to describe the significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial ~~statements.~~statements except as follows. The following items have changed due to adoption of Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") No. 2018-12, Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts.

DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS

Inherent in the capitalization and amortization of DAC are certain management judgements about what acquisition costs are deferred. Approximately 94.0% of our capitalized DAC are attributed to first year and renewal excess commissions. The remaining 6.0% are attributed to other costs that vary with and are directly related to the

March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 59


CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

successful acquisition of new insurance business. Those costs generally include costs related to the production, underwriting and issuance of new business.

DAC is amortized on a constant level basis over the expected term of the related contracts to approximate straight-line amortization. For the Life Insurance Segment, the constant level basis used is policy count in force. For the Home Service Insurance Segment, the constant level basis used is face amount in force. The constant level bases used for amortization are projected using mortality and lapse assumptions that are based on the Company’s experience, industry data, and other factors at the end of each reporting period and are consistent with those used for the liability for future policy benefit life reserves. Annually, the Company completes experience studies to evaluate mortality and lapse. If those assumptions are updated, the DAC amortization basis is recalculated and the impact of the assumption change will be reflected in the cohort level amortization in future periods.

COST OF INSURANCE ACQUIRED

A recoverability test that considers, among other things, actual experience and projected future experience is performed at least annually. These annual recoverability tests are based initially on an estimate of the available premium (gross premium less the benefit and expense portion of premium) for the next 50 years using best estimate assumptions related to interest rates, mortality and lapses. Management believes that our COIA is recoverable for the three months ended March 31, 2023. This belief is based upon the analysis performed on estimated future results of the block and our annual recoverability testing.

POLICY LIABILITIES

As premium revenue is recognized, a liability for future policy benefits is accrued. The liability for a future policy benefit is the present value of estimated future policy benefits to be paid to or on behalf of policyholders less the present value of estimated future net premiums to be collected from policyholders. The liability is estimated using current assumptions that include investment yields, discount rate, mortality and lapses and withdrawals. These current assumptions are based on judgements that consider the Company’s historical experience, industry data, and other factors. Annually, the Company completes experience studies to evaluate mortality and lapse. The results of these studies are used to update current year best estimate assumptions used in establishing benefit liabilities and DAC.

The current discount rate assumption is a yield curve that equals the yield of an upper-medium grade fixed income instrument, based on an A-quality corporate bond. The current discount rate assumption is updated quarterly and used to remeasure the liability at the reporting date, with the resulting change reflected in other comprehensive income. For liability cash flows that are projected beyond the duration of market-observable A credit-rated fixed-income instruments, the Company uses the last market-observable yield level and uses linear interpolation to determine yield assumptions for durations that do not have market observable yields. The locked-in discount rate for policies issued prior to transition equals the rate set at contract issuance. For current year issues, the locked-in discount rate is the average of the current year quarterly discount rates and will change throughout the year as new discount rates are calculated, with the change reflected in net income.

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 4960


CITIZENS, INC.

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

~~GENERAL~~

~~For~~As a smaller reporting company, we have elected to comply with certain scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the ~~Company’s disclosures about market risk, please see Part II, Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk in our~~ ~~Form 10-K. Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to the Company’s disclosures about market risk in Part II, Item 7A. of our~~ ~~Form 10-K. For additional~~ information ~~regarding market risks to which we are subject, see~~ ~~Part I, Item 1, Note 5. Investments~~ ~~- "Valuation of Investments" in the notes to our consolidated financial statements herein.~~

~~MARKET RISK RELATED TO INTEREST RATES~~

Our exposure to interest rate changes results from our significant holdings of fixed maturity investments, which comprised 87.4% of our investment portfolio based on carrying value as of June 30, 2022. These investments are mainly exposed to changes in U.S. Treasury rates. Changes in interest rates typically have a sizable effect on the fair values of our fixed maturity securities. The interest rate of the ten-year U.S. Treasury bond increased to 2.98% at June 30, 2022 from 1.52% at December 31, 2021. Net unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities totaled $125.4 million at June 30, 2022, compared to gains of $126.9 million at December 31, 2021, based upon bond interest rates in relation to the U.S. ten-year Treasury yield.

To manage interest risk, we perform periodic projections of asset and liability cash flows to evaluate the potential sensitivity of our investments and liabilities. We assess interest rate sensitivity annually with respect to our AFS fixed maturity securities investments using hypothetical test scenarios that assume either upward or downward shifts in the prevailing interest rates. The changes in fair values of our fixed maturity securities as of June 30, 2022 were within the expected range ofrequired by this ~~analysis.~~

There are no fixed maturity securities or other investments classified as trading instruments. All of the Company's fixed maturity securities were classified as AFS at June 30, 2022. At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had no investments in derivative instruments or subprime loans.Item.

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and such information is accumulated and reported to management, including our principal executive and financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.

CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

During the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, there were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 5061


CITIZENS, INC.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Part I, Item 3,3. Legal Proceedings of our Form 10-K includes a discussion of our legal proceedings. There have been no material developments in the three months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 from the legal proceedings described in our Form 10-K ~~except that due to continuing scheduling difficulties related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the trial in the Trade Secret Lawsuit has been delayed to October 2022.~~.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors of our Form 10-K includes a discussion of our risk factors. There have been no material changes in the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 from the risk factors included in our Form 10-K.

Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

~~Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds~~

During the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company issued 16,118 shares of its Class A common stock which were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Unregistered Shares"). The Unregistered Shares were all issued to policyholders residing in Venezuela and all of whom had purchased shares of the Company's Class A common stock through the Company’s Stock Investment Plan (“the Venezuelan Shareholders”). The Venezuelan Shareholders were victims of identity fraud that resulted in 23,051.2252 shares being fraudulently sold via the Company’s transfer agent, Computershare. The Company and Computershare investigated the fraud and obtained affidavits from each of the Venezuelan Shareholders wherein such persons swore that they did not authorize the sale of the shares nor did they receive any proceeds from such sales. Based upon the evidence collected by Computershare and the Company, the Company's board authorized an offering pursuant to which the Company will issue up to 23,051.2252 shares of its Class A common stock to the Venezuelan Shareholders, at a purchase price of $0.01 USD per share.

~~(a)~~ ~~Securities sold.~~ ~~The Company sold 12,811 shares on May 9, 2022 and 3,307 shares on June 7, 2022.~~

~~(b)~~ ~~Underwriters and other purchasers.~~ ~~There were no underwriters. All of the Unregistered Shares were sold to the Venezuelan Shareholders.~~

~~(c)~~ ~~Consideration.~~ ~~The aggregate offering price for the Unregistered Shares was USD $230.51.~~

~~(d)~~ ~~Exemption from registration claimed.~~ ~~The offering of the Unregistered Shares was conducted pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.~~

~~(e)~~ ~~Terms of conversion or exercise.~~ ~~Not applicable.~~

~~(f)~~ ~~Use of proceeds.~~ ~~The Company intends to use the $230.51 for general corporate purposes.~~

~~Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities~~

In May 2022, the Board of Directors authorized an equity repurchase plan for $8 million. The timing of any share repurchases under the repurchase authorization is dependent upon several factors, including market price of the Company's securities, the Company’s cash on hand, cash flows from operations, general market conditions, the Company's blackout periods, and other considerations. This program has no set termination date and may be

~~June 30, 2022 | 10-Q 51~~


~~CITIZENS, INC.~~

~~suspended or discontinued by the Company’s Board of Directors at any time. The Company purchased the following shares of its Class A common stock during the three months ended June 30, 2022.~~

Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid Per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs [2]
April 2022 — $ — —
May 2022 301,708 3.3140 301,708
June 2022 90,375 3.3205 90,375
Total 392,083 392,083 $ 6,700,000

~~[1] The stock repurchase program was publicly announced on May 10, 2022.~~

~~[2] The Company was authorized to repurchase up to $8.0 million of its outstanding shares of Class A common stock.~~

~~[3] The stock repurchase program does not have an expiration date.~~

~~[4] No stock repurchase program has expired during the three months ended June 30, 2022.~~

~~[5] There is no stock repurchase program that the Company has determined to terminate prior to expiration, or under which the Company does not intend to make further purchases.~~None.

Item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

~~June 30, 2022 | 10-Q 52~~


~~CITIZENS, INC.~~

Item 6. EXHIBITS


Exhibit Number						The following exhibits are filed herewith:

3.1						Restated and Amended Articles of Incorporation dated March 4, 2004 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2003, filed on March 15, 2004)
3.2						Amended and Restated Bylaws dated February 6, 2021 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 9, 2021)
31.1*						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*
31.2*						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*
32.1*						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*
32.2*						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*
101*						Inline XBRL Document Set for the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q*
104*						Inline XBRL for the cover page of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, included in the Exhibit 101 Inline XBRL Document Set*

* Filed herewith.

† Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 5362