UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from to

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 000-16509


CITIZENS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Colorado			84-0755371
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

11815 Alterra Pkwy, Floor 15, Austin, TX 78758

(Current Address)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (512) 837-7100


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act

Class A Common Stock	CIA	NYSE
(Title of each class)	(Trading symbol(s))	(Name of each exchange on which registered)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). x Yes o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer

☐

Accelerated filer

☒

Emerging growth company

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes x No

As of ~~May 3,~~July 31, 2023, the Registrant had ~~49,856,895~~49,617,355 shares of Class A ~~common stock outstanding and 0 shares of Class B~~ common stock outstanding.

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

TABLE OF CONTENTS


			Page Number
Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

	Item 1.	Financial Statements

		Consolidated Balance Sheets, ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (Unaudited)	2

		Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss), Three & Six Months Ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)	4

		Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity, ~~(Deficit), Three~~Six Months Ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)	5

		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, ~~Three~~Six Months Ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)	6

		Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	8

	Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	41

	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	61

	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	6162

Part II. OTHER INFORMATION

	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	6263

	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	6263

	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	6263

	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	6263

	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	6263

	Item 5.	Other Information	6264

	Item 6.	Exhibits	6264

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 1

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)


(In thousands)	(In thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022	(In thousands)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets	Assets				Assets
Investments:	Investments:				Investments:
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost: $1,387,919 and $1,381,318 in 2023 and 2022, respectively)		$	1,229,691	1,179,619
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost: $1,385,121 and $1,381,318 in 2023 and 2022, respectively)					Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost: $1,385,121 and $1,381,318 in 2023 and 2022, respectively)	$	1,206,483	1,179,619

Equity securities, at fair value	Equity securities, at fair value	11,899		11,590	Equity securities, at fair value	11,710		11,590

Policy loans	Policy loans	78,659		78,773	Policy loans	77,944		78,773

Other long-term investments (portion measured at fair value $71,990 and $66,846 in 2023 and 2022, respectively)		72,254		69,558
Other long-term investments (portion measured at fair value $76,999 and $66,846 in 2023 and 2022, respectively)					Other long-term investments (portion measured at fair value $76,999 and $66,846 in 2023 and 2022, respectively)	77,262		69,558
Short-term investments	Short-term investments	1,244		1,241	Short-term investments	249		1,241
Total investments	Total investments	1,393,747		1,340,781	Total investments	1,373,648		1,340,781
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	18,924		22,973	Cash and cash equivalents	20,914		22,973
Accrued investment income	Accrued investment income	16,958		17,131	Accrued investment income	17,054		17,131

Reinsurance recoverable	Reinsurance recoverable	4,323		4,560	Reinsurance recoverable	4,045		4,560
Deferred policy acquisition costs	Deferred policy acquisition costs	165,471		162,927	Deferred policy acquisition costs	168,341		162,927
Cost of insurance acquired	Cost of insurance acquired	10,486		10,647	Cost of insurance acquired	10,333		10,647
Current federal income tax receivable	Current federal income tax receivable	—		601	Current federal income tax receivable	1,562		601

Property and equipment, net	Property and equipment, net	12,592		12,926	Property and equipment, net	12,188		12,926
Due premiums	Due premiums	9,181		11,829	Due premiums	9,244		11,829

Other assets (less allowance for losses of $359 and $347 in 2023 and 2022, respectively)		6,799		6,328
Other assets (less allowance for losses of $328 and $347 in 2023 and 2022, respectively)					Other assets (less allowance for losses of $328 and $347 in 2023 and 2022, respectively)	6,665		6,328
Total assets	Total assets	$	1,638,481	1,590,703	Total assets	$	1,623,994	1,590,703

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 2

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets, Continued

(Unaudited)


(In thousands, except share amounts)	(In thousands, except share amounts)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022	(In thousands, except share amounts)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity					Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Liabilities:	Liabilities:				Liabilities:
Policy liabilities:	Policy liabilities:				Policy liabilities:
Future policy benefit reserves:	Future policy benefit reserves:				Future policy benefit reserves:
Life insurance	Life insurance	$	1,218,295	1,198,647	Life insurance	$	1,211,320	1,198,647
Accident and health		848		767
Accident and health insurance					Accident and health insurance	926		767
Total future policy benefit reserves	Total future policy benefit reserves	1,219,143		1,199,414	Total future policy benefit reserves	1,212,246		1,199,414
Policyholders' funds:	Policyholders' funds:				Policyholders' funds:
Annuities	Annuities	124,528		121,422	Annuities	127,485		121,422
Dividend accumulations	Dividend accumulations	42,668		41,663	Dividend accumulations	43,384		41,663
Premiums paid in advance	Premiums paid in advance	36,697		36,384	Premiums paid in advance	36,432		36,384
Policy claims payable	Policy claims payable	7,485		9,884	Policy claims payable	6,569		9,884
Other policyholders' funds	Other policyholders' funds	7,325		7,501	Other policyholders' funds	7,257		7,501
Total policyholders' funds	Total policyholders' funds	218,703		216,854	Total policyholders' funds	221,127		216,854
Total policy liabilities	Total policy liabilities	1,437,846		1,416,268	Total policy liabilities	1,433,373		1,416,268
Commissions payable	Commissions payable	1,948		1,967	Commissions payable	1,972		1,967
Current federal income tax payable		537		—

Deferred federal income tax liability	Deferred federal income tax liability	5,775		3,653	Deferred federal income tax liability	4,736		3,653

Other liabilities	Other liabilities	38,084		41,025	Other liabilities	37,067		41,025
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	1,484,190		1,462,913	Total liabilities	1,477,148		1,462,913
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)	Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)				Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders' Equity:	Stockholders' Equity:				Stockholders' Equity:
Common stock:	Common stock:				Common stock:
Class A, no par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 53,792,476 and 53,758,176 shares issued and outstanding in 2023 and 2022, respectively, including shares in treasury of 3,935,581 in 2023 and 2022		268,197		268,147
Class A, no par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 53,864,545 and 53,758,176 shares issued and outstanding in 2023 and 2022, respectively, including shares in treasury of 4,261,005 in 2023 and 3,935,581 in 2022					Class A, no par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 53,864,545 and 53,758,176 shares issued and outstanding in 2023 and 2022, respectively, including shares in treasury of 4,261,005 in 2023 and 3,935,581 in 2022	268,243		268,147
Class B, no par value, 2,000,000 shares authorized, 1,001,714 shares issued and outstanding in 2023 and 2022, including shares in treasury of 1,001,714 in 2023 and 2022	Class B, no par value, 2,000,000 shares authorized, 1,001,714 shares issued and outstanding in 2023 and 2022, including shares in treasury of 1,001,714 in 2023 and 2022	3,184		3,184	Class B, no par value, 2,000,000 shares authorized, 1,001,714 shares issued and outstanding in 2023 and 2022, including shares in treasury of 1,001,714 in 2023 and 2022	3,184		3,184
Retained earnings	Retained earnings	21,181		16,309	Retained earnings	27,307		16,309
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(115,465)		(137,044)	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(128,363)		(137,044)
Treasury stock, at cost	Treasury stock, at cost	(22,806)		(22,806)	Treasury stock, at cost	(23,525)		(22,806)
Total stockholders' equity	Total stockholders' equity	154,291		127,790	Total stockholders' equity	146,846		127,790
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	1,638,481	1,590,703	Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	1,623,994	1,590,703

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 3

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(Unaudited)


								Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		Three Months Ended March 31,			June 30,					June 30,
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	(In thousands, except per share amounts)		2023			2022	(In thousands, except per share amounts)	2023		2022	2023	2022
Revenues:	Revenues:						Revenues:
Premiums:	Premiums:						Premiums:
Life insurance	Life insurance		$	36,934		37,746	Life insurance	$	39,292	40,761	76,226	78,507
Accident and health insurance	Accident and health insurance		358			286	Accident and health insurance	547		280	905	566
Property insurance	Property insurance		957			1,332	Property insurance	(113)		1,183	844	2,515
Net investment income	Net investment income		17,074			15,487	Net investment income	17,241		15,892	34,315	31,379
Investment related gains (losses), net	Investment related gains (losses), net		(288)			(582)	Investment related gains (losses), net	703		(5,016)	415	(5,598)
Other income	Other income		879			1,088	Other income	857		634	1,736	1,722
Total revenues	Total revenues		55,914			55,357	Total revenues	58,527		53,734	114,441	109,091
Benefits and Expenses:	Benefits and Expenses:						Benefits and Expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:	Insurance benefits paid or provided:						Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders	Claims and surrenders		30,299			28,434	Claims and surrenders	32,776		27,097	63,075	55,531
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves	Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves		(978)			114	Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves	(944)		3,730	(1,922)	3,844
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss	Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss		880			668	Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss	956		667	1,836	1,335
Policyholders' dividends	Policyholders' dividends		1,108			1,353	Policyholders' dividends	1,261		1,515	2,369	2,868
Total insurance benefits paid or provided	Total insurance benefits paid or provided		31,309			30,569	Total insurance benefits paid or provided	34,049		33,009	65,358	63,578

Commissions	Commissions		9,013			7,673	Commissions	8,883		8,924	17,896	16,597
Other general expenses	Other general expenses		11,260			11,030	Other general expenses	12,268		10,400	23,528	21,430
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs		(6,358)			(4,781)	Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	(6,544)		(6,184)	(12,902)	(10,965)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs		3,814			3,559	Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	3,674		3,468	7,488	7,027
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	Amortization of cost of insurance acquired		161			129	Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	153		151	314	280
Total benefits and expenses	Total benefits and expenses		49,199			48,179	Total benefits and expenses	52,483		49,768	101,682	97,947
Income (loss) before federal income tax	Income (loss) before federal income tax		6,715			7,178	Income (loss) before federal income tax	6,044		3,966	12,759	11,144
Federal income tax expense (benefit)	Federal income tax expense (benefit)		1,843			729	Federal income tax expense (benefit)	(82)		1,474	1,761	2,203
Net income (loss)	Net income (loss)		4,872			6,449	Net income (loss)	6,126		2,492	10,998	8,941
Per Share Amounts:	Per Share Amounts:						Per Share Amounts:
Basic and diluted earnings (losses) per share of Class A common stock	Basic and diluted earnings (losses) per share of Class A common stock		0.10			0.13	Basic and diluted earnings (losses) per share of Class A common stock	0.12		0.05	0.22	0.18

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):						Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):

Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities:	Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities:					Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period	Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period		43,436			(132,765)	Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period	(20,430)		(119,531)	23,006	(252,296)
Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in net income (loss)	Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in net income (loss)		38			59	Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in net income (loss)	24		(24)	62	35
Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities, net	Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities, net		43,474			(132,706)	Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities, net	(20,406)		(119,555)	23,068	(252,261)
Change in current discount rate for liability for future policy benefits	Change in current discount rate for liability for future policy benefits		(20,480)			151,607	Change in current discount rate for liability for future policy benefits	6,251		120,437	(14,229)	272,044
Income tax expense (benefit) on other comprehensive income items	Income tax expense (benefit) on other comprehensive income items		1,415			1,712	Income tax expense (benefit) on other comprehensive income items	(1,257)		4,634	158	6,346
Other comprehensive income (loss)	Other comprehensive income (loss)		21,579			17,189	Other comprehensive income (loss)	(12,898)		(3,752)	8,681	13,437
Total comprehensive income (loss)	Total comprehensive income (loss)		$	26,451		23,638	Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	(6,772)	(1,260)	19,679	22,378

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 4

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity ~~(Deficit)~~

(Unaudited)

Common Stock

Retained Earnings (Accumulated
Deficit)

Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

Treasury
Stock

Total Stockholders' Equity ~~(Deficit)~~

(In thousands)

Class A

Class B


Balance at December 31, 2022	Balance at December 31, 2022	$	268,147	3,184	16,309	(137,044)	(22,806)	127,790	Balance at December 31, 2022	$	268,147	3,184	16,309	(137,044)	(22,806)	127,790
Comprehensive income (loss):	Comprehensive income (loss):								Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)	Net income (loss)	—		—	4,872	—	—	4,872	Net income (loss)	—		—	4,872	—	—	4,872
Other comprehensive income (loss)	Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	—	21,579	—	21,579	Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	—	21,579	—	21,579
Total comprehensive income (loss)	Total comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	4,872	21,579	—	26,451	Total comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	4,872	21,579	—	26,451

Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation	50		—	—	—	—	50	Stock-based compensation	50		—	—	—	—	50
Balance at March 31, 2023	Balance at March 31, 2023	$	268,197	3,184	21,181	(115,465)	(22,806)	154,291	Balance at March 31, 2023	268,197		3,184	21,181	(115,465)	(22,806)	154,291
Comprehensive income (loss):									Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)									Net income (loss)	—		—	6,126	—	—	6,126
Other comprehensive income (loss)									Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	—	(12,898)	—	(12,898)
Total comprehensive income (loss)									Total comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	6,126	(12,898)	—	(6,772)

Acquisition of treasury stock									Acquisition of treasury stock	—		—	—	—	(719)	(719)
Stock-based compensation									Stock-based compensation	46		—	—	—	—	46
Balance at June 30, 2023									Balance at June 30, 2023	$	268,243	3,184	27,307	(128,363)	(23,525)	146,846


Balance at December 31, 2021	Balance at December 31, 2021	$	265,561	3,184	(9,698)	(138,989)	(20,101)	99,957	Balance at December 31, 2021	$	265,561	3,184	(9,698)	(138,989)	(20,101)	99,957
Comprehensive income (loss):	Comprehensive income (loss):								Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)	Net income (loss)	—		—	6,449	—	—	6,449	Net income (loss)	—		—	6,449	—	—	6,449
Other comprehensive income (loss)	Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	—	17,189	—	17,189	Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	—	17,189	—	17,189
Total comprehensive income (loss)	Total comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	6,449	17,189	—	23,638	Total comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	6,449	17,189	—	23,638
Issuance of common stock	Issuance of common stock	1,788		—	—	—	—	1,788	Issuance of common stock	1,788		—	—	—	—	1,788
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation	93		—	—	—	—	93	Stock-based compensation	93		—	—	—	—	93
Balance at March 31, 2022	Balance at March 31, 2022	$	267,442	3,184	(3,249)	(121,800)	(20,101)	125,476	Balance at March 31, 2022	267,442		3,184	(3,249)	(121,800)	(20,101)	125,476
Comprehensive income (loss):									Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)									Net income (loss)	—		—	2,492	—	—	2,492
Other comprehensive income (loss)									Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	—	(3,752)	—	(3,752)
Total comprehensive income (loss)									Total comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	2,492	(3,752)	—	(1,260)
Issuance of common stock									Issuance of common stock	455		—	—	—	—	455
Acquisition of treasury stock									Acquisition of treasury stock	—		—	—	—	(1,300)	(1,300)
Stock-based compensation									Stock-based compensation	(47)		—	—	—	—	(47)
Balance at June 30, 2022									Balance at June 30, 2022	$	267,850	3,184	(757)	(125,552)	(21,401)	123,324

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 5

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)


Three Months Ended March 31, (In thousands)		2023		2022
Six Months Ended June 30, (In thousands)					Six Months Ended June 30, (In thousands)	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:	Cash flows from operating activities:				Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	Net income (loss)	$	4,872	6,449	Net income (loss)	$	10,998	8,941
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:	Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:				Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Investment related (gains) losses on sale of investments and other assets	Investment related (gains) losses on sale of investments and other assets	288		582	Investment related (gains) losses on sale of investments and other assets	(415)		5,598
Net deferred policy acquisition costs	Net deferred policy acquisition costs	(2,544)		(1,222)	Net deferred policy acquisition costs	(5,414)		(3,938)
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	161		129	Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	314		280
Depreciation	Depreciation	122		153	Depreciation	248		288
Amortization of premiums and discounts on investments	Amortization of premiums and discounts on investments	1,203		1,386	Amortization of premiums and discounts on investments	2,468		2,658
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation	70		132	Stock-based compensation	146		150
Deferred federal income tax expense (benefit)	Deferred federal income tax expense (benefit)	706		896	Deferred federal income tax expense (benefit)	924		1,353
Change in:	Change in:				Change in:
Accrued investment income	Accrued investment income	173		442	Accrued investment income	77		(300)
Reinsurance recoverable	Reinsurance recoverable	237		1,965	Reinsurance recoverable	515		2,113
Due premiums	Due premiums	2,648		1,777	Due premiums	2,585		1,210
Future policy benefit reserves	Future policy benefit reserves	(125)		706	Future policy benefit reserves	(1,397)		3,639
Other policyholders' liabilities	Other policyholders' liabilities	1,582		(2,406)	Other policyholders' liabilities	5,848		881
Federal income tax payable	Federal income tax payable	1,138		(166)	Federal income tax payable	(961)		558
Commissions payable and other liabilities	Commissions payable and other liabilities	(2,673)		1,489	Commissions payable and other liabilities	(3,383)		246
Other, net	Other, net	(504)		(172)	Other, net	(355)		(1,330)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	7,354		12,140	Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	12,198		22,347
Cash flows from investing activities:	Cash flows from investing activities:				Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	Purchases of fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	(25,114)		(26,050)	Purchases of fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	(27,637)		(64,689)
Sales of fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	Sales of fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	2,865		1,100	Sales of fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	4,244		28,828
Maturities and calls of fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	Maturities and calls of fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	14,426		10,435	Maturities and calls of fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	17,104		18,234

Principal payments on mortgage loans	Principal payments on mortgage loans	2		2	Principal payments on mortgage loans	4		95

(Increase) decrease in policy loans, net	(Increase) decrease in policy loans, net	114		962	(Increase) decrease in policy loans, net	829		1,721
Sales of other long-term investments	Sales of other long-term investments	249		1,681	Sales of other long-term investments	2,538		2,699
Purchases of other long-term investments	Purchases of other long-term investments	(3,495)		(7,940)	Purchases of other long-term investments	(9,409)		(14,746)

Purchases of property and equipment	Purchases of property and equipment	(73)		(34)	Purchases of property and equipment	(84)		(51)

Maturities of short-term investments					Maturities of short-term investments	500		—
Purchases of short-term investments	Purchases of short-term investments	—		(5)	Purchases of short-term investments	—		(5)

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(11,026)		(19,849)	Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(11,911)		(27,914)

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.	See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.				See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 6

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CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES	CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES				CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Continued	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Continued				Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Continued
(Unaudited)	(Unaudited)				(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended March 31, (In thousands)		2023		2022
Six Months Ended June 30, (In thousands)					Six Months Ended June 30, (In thousands)	2023		2022
Cash flows from financing activities:	Cash flows from financing activities:				Cash flows from financing activities:
Annuity deposits	Annuity deposits	$	2,008	2,227	Annuity deposits	$	3,813	4,160
Annuity withdrawals	Annuity withdrawals	(2,365)		(2,263)	Annuity withdrawals	(5,390)		(4,319)

Acquisition of treasury stock					Acquisition of treasury stock	(719)		(1,300)
Issuance of common stock	Issuance of common stock	—		1,788	Issuance of common stock	—		2,244
Other	Other	(20)		(39)	Other	(50)		(105)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(377)		1,713	Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(2,346)		680
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(4,049)		(5,996)	Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(2,059)		(4,887)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	22,973		27,294	Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	22,973		27,294
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	18,924	21,298	Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	20,914	22,407

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

During the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and 2022, various fixed maturity issuers exchanged securities with book values of ~~$2.1~~$5.4 million and ~~$0.6~~$6.1 million, respectively, for securities of equal value.

The Company had no net unsettled security trades ~~during the three months ended March 31,~~at June 30, 2023 and ~~$3.8~~$3.3 million ~~during the three months ended March 31,~~at June 30, 2022.

The Company recognized no right-of-use assets in exchange for new operating lease liabilities during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and $0.4 million during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022.

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 7

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CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

(1) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND CONSOLIDATION

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of Citizens, Inc. ("Citizens" or the "Company"), a Colorado corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, CICA Life Insurance Company of America ("CICA"), CICA Life Ltd. ("CICA International"), CICA Life A.I., a Puerto Rico company ("CICA PR"), Citizens National Life Insurance Company ("CNLIC"), Security Plan Life Insurance Company ("SPLIC"), Security Plan Fire Insurance Company ("SPFIC"), Magnolia Guaranty Life Insurance Company ("MGLIC"), Computing Technology, Inc. ("CTI"), and Nexo Global Services LLC, a Puerto Rico holding company ("Nexo"). All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Citizens and its wholly-owned subsidiaries are collectively referred to as the ~~"Company", "it", "we",~~"Company," "it," "we," "us" or "our".

The consolidated balance sheet as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and stockholders' equity ~~(deficit)~~ for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022 have been prepared by the Company without audit and are not subject to audit. In the opinion of management, all normal and recurring adjustments to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and changes in cash flows at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and for comparative periods have been made. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements do not include all the information and footnotes required for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 ("Form 10-K"). Operating results for the interim periods disclosed herein are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full year or any future period.

Our Life Insurance segment operates through CICA International, CICA PR, CICA and CNLIC. Until December 31, 2022, our international life insurance business operated through CICA International. Beginning January 1, 2023, all new international policies are issued by CICA PR. These companies provide U.S. dollar-denominated endowment contracts internationally, which are principally accumulation contracts that incorporate an element of life insurance protection and ordinary whole life insurance in U.S. dollar-denominated amounts sold to non-U.S. residents. These contracts are designed to provide a fixed amount of insurance coverage over the life of the insured and may utilize rider benefits to provide additional increasing or decreasing coverage and annuity benefits to enhance accumulations. ~~Our~~Prior to July 1, 2023, our domestic life insurance business ~~operates~~operated through CICA and CNLIC. CICA issues ordinary whole life, life products with living benefits, critical illness, credit life and disability policies throughout the U.S. and CNLIC ~~issues~~issued ordinary whole life and critical illness policies ~~mainly in Texas and Florida. Both companies service whole life and accident and health policies primarily in the Southern U.S., Midwest and Mountain West.~~through June 30, 2023. CNLIC merged into CICA on July 1, 2023.

Our Home Service Insurance segment operates through our subsidiaries SPLIC, MGLIC and SPFIC, and focuses on the life insurance needs of the middle- and lower-income markets, primarily in Louisiana, Mississippi and Arkansas. Our products in this segment consist primarily of small face amount ordinary whole life, industrial life and pre-need policies, which are designed to fund final expenses for the insured, primarily consisting of funeral and burial costs as well as critical illness and property insurance policies, which cover dwelling and contents. As of June 30, 2023, the Company ceased all operations for SPFIC.

CTI provides data processing systems and services to the Company.

USE OF ESTIMATES

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent ~~assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and~~

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 8

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CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Significant estimates include those used in the evaluation of credit allowances on fixed maturity securities, actuarially determined assets and liabilities and assumptions and valuation allowance on deferred tax assets. Certain of these estimates are particularly sensitive to market conditions, and deterioration and/or volatility in the worldwide debt or equity markets could have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

For a description of all significant accounting policies, see Part IV, Item 15, Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in our Form 10-K, which should be read in conjunction with these accompanying consolidated financial statements.

DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS

Deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”) are costs that are incremental and directly related to the successful acquisition of new or renewal insurance contracts. Such costs include the incremental direct costs of contract acquisition, such as sales commissions; the portion of employees’ total compensation and payroll-related fringe benefits related directly to time spent performing acquisition activities, such as underwriting, issuing, and processing policies for contracts that have actually been acquired; and other costs related directly to acquisition activities that would not have been incurred if the contract had not been acquired.

Contracts are grouped by contract type and issue year into cohorts consistent with the grouping used in estimating the associated liability. DAC is amortized on a constant level basis for the grouped contracts over the expected term of the related contracts to approximate straight-line amortization. For the Life Insurance Segment, the constant level basis used is policy count in force. For the Home Service Insurance Segment, the constant level basis used is face amount in force. The constant level bases used for amortization are projected using mortality and lapse assumptions that are based on the Company’s experience, industry data, and other factors at the end of each reporting period and are consistent with those used for the liability for future policy benefit life reserves. Annually, the Company completes experience studies with respect to mortality and lapse. If those assumptions are updated, the DAC amortization basis is recalculated and the effect of the assumption change will be reflected in the cohort level amortization in future periods.

Amortization of DAC is included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income or loss. The DAC balance on the consolidated balance ~~sheet~~sheets is reduced for actual experience in excess of expected experience. Changes in future estimates are recognized prospectively over the remaining expected contract term.

COST OF INSURANCE ACQUIRED

The Company recognizes an intangible asset that arises in the application of U.S. GAAP purchase accounting as the difference between the reported value and the fair value of insurance contract liabilities, or comparable amounts determined in purchased insurance business combinations. This intangible asset is referred to as the Cost of Insurance Acquired (“COIA”), which is amortized on a basis consistent with DAC, such that it is amortized in proportion to policies in force for the Life Insurance Segment and face amount in force for the Home Service Insurance Segment to approximate straight-line amortization.

FUTURE POLICY BENEFITS AND EXPENSES

As premium revenue is recognized, a liability for future policy benefits, which is the present value of estimated future policy benefits to be paid to or on behalf of policyholders less the present value of estimated future net premiums to be collected from policyholders, is accrued. The liability is estimated using current assumptions that include discount rate, mortality and lapses. These current assumptions are based on judgements that consider the Company’s historical experience, industry data, and other factors.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 9

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CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

~~For~~

Our traditional and limited-payment ~~contracts,~~ contracts are grouped into cohorts by contract type and issue year. Our reporting cohorts are (i) Permanent, which summarizes insurance policies with premiums payable over the lifetime of the policy, and (ii) Permanent Limited Pay, which summarizes insurance policies with premiums payable for a limited time after which the policy is fully paid up. Both reporting cohorts include whole life and endowment policies. The liability is adjusted for differences between actual and expected experience. The Company reviews its historical cash flow assumptions quarterly and in the third quarter of the year, the Company reviews its future cash flow assumptions. The net premium ratio used to calculate the liability is updated each quarter based on the current period's actual experience relative to expected experience. The revised net premium ratio is used to derive an updated liability for future policy benefits as of the beginning of the current reporting period, discounted at the locked-in discount rate. This amount is then compared to the carrying amount of the liability as of that same date, before the updating of cash flow assumptions, to determine the current period change in liability estimate. The current period change in the liability is the policyholder liability remeasurement gain or loss and is presented as a separate component of total insurance benefits paid or provided in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income or loss. In subsequent periods, the revised net premiums are used to measure the liability for future policy benefits, subject to future revisions.

For traditional and limited-payment contracts, the current discount rate assumption is a yield curve that equals the yield of an upper-medium grade fixed income instrument, based on an A-quality corporate bonds. The Company selects fixed-income instruments that have been A rated by one of the major credit rating agencies, such as Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s, or Fitch. The current discount rate assumption is updated quarterly and used to remeasure the liability at the reporting date, with the resulting change reflected in other comprehensive income. For liability cash flows that are projected beyond the duration of market-observable A credit-rated fixed-income instruments, the Company uses the last market-observable yield level and uses linear interpolation to determine yield assumptions for durations that do not have market observable yields. The locked-in discount rate for policies issued prior to transition equals the rate set at contract issuance. For current year issues, the locked-in discount rate is the average of the current year quarterly discount rates and will change throughout the year as new discount rates are calculated, with the change reflected in net income.

DEFERRED PROFIT LIABILITY

For limited-payment products, gross premiums received in excess of net premiums are deferred at initial recognition as a deferred profit liability (“DPL”). Gross premiums are measured using assumptions consistent with those used in the measurement of the liability for future policy benefit life reserves, including discount rate, mortality and lapses.

The DPL is amortized and recognized in net income within the increase in future policy benefit reserves. The amortization basis for the DPL is the present value of insurance in force for life insurance contracts. Interest is accreted on the balance of the DPL using the locked-in discount rate. The Company reviews and updates its estimates of cash flows for the DPL at the same time as the estimates of cash flows for the liability for future policy benefit life reserves. The DPL is updated each quarter based on the current period's actual experience relative to expected experience with the changes recorded within the increase in future policy benefit reserves in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income or loss. On the consolidated balance sheets, DPL is recorded as a component of the liability for future policy benefits.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 10

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

(2) ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

ACCOUNTING STANDARDS RECENTLY ADOPTED

Impacts at Transition Date

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") No. 2018-12, Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts. The Company adopted ASU 2018-12 for the liability for future policy benefits, DAC and COIA on a modified retrospective basis such that those balances were adjusted to conform to ASU 2018-12 effective January 1, 2021. The following table summarizes the balance of and changes in the liability for future policy benefits, annuity reserves, DAC and COIA due to the adoption of ASU 2018-12.


(In thousands)	(In thousands)	Life Insurance Segment		Home Services Insurance Segment	Consolidated	(In thousands)	Life Insurance Segment		Home Service Insurance Segment	Consolidated
Liability for Future Policy Benefits	Liability for Future Policy Benefits					Liability for Future Policy Benefits
Pre-adoption liability as of 12/31/2020	Pre-adoption liability as of 12/31/2020	$	987,373	255,513	1,242,886	Pre-adoption liability as of 12/31/2020	$	987,373	255,513	1,242,886

Change in discount rate assumptions	Change in discount rate assumptions	261,823		108,468	370,291	Change in discount rate assumptions	261,823		108,468	370,291
Effect of reserve changes	Effect of reserve changes	6		96	102	Effect of reserve changes	6		96	102
Post-adoption liability as of 1/1/2021	Post-adoption liability as of 1/1/2021	$	1,249,202	364,077	1,613,279	Post-adoption liability as of 1/1/2021	$	1,249,202	364,077	1,613,279

Fixed Annuity Liability	Fixed Annuity Liability					Fixed Annuity Liability
Pre-adoption liability as of 12/31/2020	Pre-adoption liability as of 12/31/2020	$	60,027	18,277	78,304	Pre-adoption liability as of 12/31/2020	$	60,027	18,277	78,304
Adjustments for the removal of shadow adjustments	Adjustments for the removal of shadow adjustments	—		3,426	3,426	Adjustments for the removal of shadow adjustments	—		3,426	3,426
Post-adoption liability as of 1/1/2021	Post-adoption liability as of 1/1/2021	$	60,027	21,703	81,730	Post-adoption liability as of 1/1/2021	$	60,027	21,703	81,730

Deferred Acquisition Costs	Deferred Acquisition Costs					Deferred Acquisition Costs
Pre-adoption balance as of 12/31/2020	Pre-adoption balance as of 12/31/2020	$	94,771	10,142	104,913	Pre-adoption balance as of 12/31/2020	$	94,771	10,142	104,913
Adjustments for the removal of shadow adjustments	Adjustments for the removal of shadow adjustments	8,270		29,905	38,175	Adjustments for the removal of shadow adjustments	8,270		29,905	38,175
Impact of flooring cohorts at zero	Impact of flooring cohorts at zero	23		12	35	Impact of flooring cohorts at zero	23		12	35
Post adoption balance as of 1/1/2021	Post adoption balance as of 1/1/2021	$	103,064	40,059	143,123	Post adoption balance as of 1/1/2021	$	103,064	40,059	143,123

Cost of Insurance Acquired	Cost of Insurance Acquired					Cost of Insurance Acquired
Pre-adoption balance as of 12/31/2020	Pre-adoption balance as of 12/31/2020	$	1,734	9,807	11,541	Pre-adoption balance as of 12/31/2020	$	1,734	9,807	11,541
Adjustments for the removal of shadow adjustments	Adjustments for the removal of shadow adjustments	—		484	484	Adjustments for the removal of shadow adjustments	—		484	484
Post adoption balance as of 1/1/2021	Post adoption balance as of 1/1/2021	$	1,734	10,291	12,025	Post adoption balance as of 1/1/2021	$	1,734	10,291	12,025

At transition, the Company recorded a charge of $0.1 million to retained earnings, net of tax, primarily from capping net premium ratios for certain policyholder benefit cohorts at 100%, increasing reserves for certain non-premium paying cohorts and flooring certain DAC cohorts at zero. Other comprehensive income ("OCI") was reduced by $316.8 million primarily due to the difference in the discount rate used prior to transition and the discount rate at January 1, 2021. The Company also removed shadow adjustments previously recorded in OCI for the impact of unrealized gains and losses on annuity products that previously amortized unearned revenue, DAC and COIA over expected future gross profits.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 11

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

Impacts to Previously Reported Results

Adoption of the standard impacted our previously reported consolidated financial results ~~are~~ as follows:

(in thousands, except per share amounts)
As Previously Reported Adoption of New Standard Post Adoption
As of December 31, 2022
Consolidated Balance Sheet
Deferred policy acquisition costs $ 140,167 22,760 162,927
Cost of insurance acquired 10,260 387 10,647
Deferred tax asset, net 2,414 (2,414) —
Future policy benefit reserves:
   Life insurance 1,305,506 (106,859) 1,198,647
   Annuities 91,234 (91,234) —
Policyholders' funds:
   Annuities — 121,422 121,422
   Other policyholders' funds 40,497 (32,996) 7,501
Deferred federal income tax liability — 3,653 3,653
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) (52,203) 68,512 16,309
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (195,279) 58,235 (137,044)
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Consolidated Statement of Operations
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves $ 6,569 (6,455) 114
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss — 668 668
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs 5,817 (2,258) 3,559
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired 236 (107) 129
Federal income tax expense (benefit) 359 370 729
Basic and diluted earnings (losses) per share of Class A common stock (0.03) 0.16 0.13
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period $ (133,342) 577 (132,765)
Change in current discount rate for liability for future policy benefits — 151,607 151,607
Income tax expense (benefit) on other comprehensive income items (9,066) 10,778 1,712

~~ACCOUNTING STANDARDS NOT YET ADOPTED~~

~~On June 30, 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-03,~~ ~~Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820: Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions.~~ This standard clarifies that contractual restrictions on equity security sales are not considered part of the security unit of account and, therefore, are not considered in measuring fair value. In addition, the amendments clarify that an entity cannot, as a separate unit of account, recognize and measure a contractual sale restriction. Disclosures on such restrictions are also required.


(In thousands)	As Previously Reported		Adoption of New Standard	Post Adoption
As of December 31, 2022
Consolidated Balance Sheet
Deferred policy acquisition costs	$	140,167	22,760	162,927
Cost of insurance acquired	10,260		387	10,647
Deferred tax asset, net	2,414		(2,414)	—
Total assets	1,569,970		20,733	1,590,703

Future policy benefit reserves:
Life insurance	1,305,506		(106,859)	1,198,647
Annuities	91,234		(91,234)	—
Policyholders' funds:
Annuities	—		121,422	121,422
Other policyholders' funds	40,497		(32,996)	7,501
Deferred federal income tax liability	—		3,653	3,653
Total liabilities	1,568,927		(106,014)	1,462,913

Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)	(52,203)		68,512	16,309
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(195,279)		58,235	(137,044)
Total stockholders' equity	1,043		126,747	127,790

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 12

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)


(In thousands, except per share amounts)	As Previously Reported		Adoption of New Standard	Post Adoption
















For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
Consolidated Statement of Operations
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves	$	9,378	(5,648)	3,730
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss	—		667	667
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	5,970		(2,502)	3,468
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	263		(112)	151
Federal income tax expense (benefit)	(81)		1,555	1,474
Net income (loss)	(3,548)		6,040	2,492
Basic and diluted earnings (losses) per share of Class A common stock	(0.07)		0.12	0.05

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period	$	(120,934)	1,403	(119,531)
Change in current discount rate for liability for future policy benefits	—		120,437	120,437
Income tax expense (benefit) on other comprehensive income items	(4,735)		9,369	4,634
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(116,223)		112,471	(3,752)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	(119,771)		118,511	(1,260)

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Consolidated Statement of Operations
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves	$	15,947	(12,103)	3,844
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss	—		1,335	1,335
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	11,787		(4,760)	7,027
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	499		219	280
Federal income tax expense (benefit)	278		1,925	2,203
Net income (loss)	(4,881)		13,822	8,941
Basic and diluted earnings (losses) per share of Class A common stock	(0.10)		0.28	0.18

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period	$	(254,276)	1,980	(252,296)
Change in current discount rate for liability for future policy benefits	—		272,044	272,044
Income tax expense (benefit) on other comprehensive income items	(13,801)		20,147	6,346
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(240,440)		253,877	13,437
Total comprehensive income (loss)	(245,321)		267,699	22,378

ACCOUNTING STANDARDS NOT YET ADOPTED

On June 30, 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions. This standard clarifies that contractual restrictions on equity security sales are not considered part of the security unit of account and, therefore, are not considered in measuring fair value. In addition, the amendments clarify that an entity cannot, as a separate unit of

June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 13

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

account, recognize and measure a contractual sale restriction. Disclosures on such restrictions are also required. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and are required to be applied prospectively, with any adjustments from the adoption recognized in earnings and disclosed. Early adoption is available. Adoption of this standard will have no impact on our consolidated financial statements.

No other new accounting pronouncements issued or effective during the year had, or is expected to have, a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

(3) INVESTMENTS

The Company invests primarily in fixed maturity securities, which totaled ~~87.0%~~86.5% of total cash and invested assets at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, as shown below.


Carrying Value (In thousands, except for %)	Carrying Value (In thousands, except for %)	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022			Carrying Value (In thousands, except for %)	June 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
		Amount		%		Amount	%			Amount		%		Amount	%

Cash and invested assets:	Cash and invested assets:								Cash and invested assets:
Fixed maturity securities	Fixed maturity securities	$	1,229,691	87.0	%	1,179,619	86.5	%	Fixed maturity securities	$	1,206,483	86.5	%	1,179,619	86.5	%
Equity securities	Equity securities	11,899		0.8	%	11,590	0.8	%	Equity securities	11,710		0.8		11,590	0.8
Policy loans	Policy loans	78,659		5.6	%	78,773	5.8	%	Policy loans	77,944		5.6		78,773	5.8
Other long-term investments	Other long-term investments	72,254		5.1	%	69,558	5.1	%	Other long-term investments	77,262		5.5		69,558	5.1
Short-term investments	Short-term investments	1,244		0.1	%	1,241	0.1	%	Short-term investments	249		—		1,241	0.1
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	18,924		1.4	%	22,973	1.7	%	Cash and cash equivalents	20,914		1.6		22,973	1.7

Total cash and invested assets	Total cash and invested assets	$	1,412,671	100.0	%	1,363,754	100.0	%	Total cash and invested assets	$	1,394,562	100.0	%	1,363,754	100.0	%

~~The following tables represent the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value of fixed maturity securities as of the dates indicated.~~

Amortized
Cost Gross
Unrealized
Gains Gross
Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value
March 31, 2023
(In thousands)
Fixed maturity securities:
Available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities $ 5,720 215 10 5,925
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises 3,427 337 1 3,763
States and political subdivisions 334,887 2,311 28,618 308,580
Corporate:
Financial 249,030 790 36,119 213,701
Consumer 250,189 1,634 38,514 213,309
Utilities 121,236 269 20,204 101,301
Energy 74,564 42 8,840 65,766
All other 186,640 813 22,556 164,897
Commercial mortgage-backed 171 — 3 168
Residential mortgage-backed 110,579 10 7,686 102,903
Asset-backed 51,376 333 2,432 49,277
Foreign governments 100 1 — 101
Total fixed maturity securities $ 1,387,919 6,755 164,983 1,229,691

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 1314

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

The following tables represent the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value of fixed maturity securities as of the dates indicated.


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains	Gross Unrealized Losses	Fair Value
June 30, 2023
(In thousands)

Fixed maturity securities:
Available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	5,710	88	29	5,769
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	3,419		268	3	3,684
States and political subdivisions	331,708		1,581	31,482	301,807
Corporate:
Financial	248,462		408	38,843	210,027
Consumer	249,961		1,184	42,172	208,973
Utilities	119,216		98	22,330	96,984
Energy	76,691		13	10,186	66,518
All other	186,470		572	25,439	161,603
Commercial mortgage-backed	171		—	4	167
Residential mortgage-backed	110,439		6	10,062	100,383
Asset-backed	52,774		53	2,359	50,468
Foreign governments	100		—	—	100
Total fixed maturity securities	$	1,385,121	4,271	182,909	1,206,483


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains	Gross Unrealized Losses	Fair Value
December 31, 2022
(In thousands)

Fixed maturity securities:
Available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	9,425	152	9	9,568
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	3,434		277	1	3,710
States and political subdivisions	344,208		1,114	37,964	307,358
Corporate:
Financial	243,758		512	42,383	201,887
Consumer	247,824		758	47,138	201,444
Utilities	115,738		39	23,790	91,987
Energy	76,065		—	11,395	64,670
All other	184,022		683	29,048	155,657
Commercial mortgage-backed	171		—	2	169
Residential mortgage-backed	110,582		9	10,765	99,826
Asset-backed	45,991		18	2,767	43,242
Foreign governments	100		1	—	101
Total fixed maturity securities	$	1,381,318	3,563	205,262	1,179,619

June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 15

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

Most of the Company's equity securities are diversified stock and bond mutual funds.


Fair Value (In thousands)	Fair Value (In thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022	Fair Value (In thousands)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022

Equity securities:	Equity securities:				Equity securities:
Stock mutual funds	Stock mutual funds	$	2,683	2,615	Stock mutual funds	$	2,727	2,615
Bond mutual funds	Bond mutual funds	4,409		4,337	Bond mutual funds	4,348		4,337
Common stock	Common stock	924		857	Common stock	790		857
Non-redeemable preferred stock	Non-redeemable preferred stock	9		8	Non-redeemable preferred stock	8		8
Non-redeemable preferred stock fund	Non-redeemable preferred stock fund	3,874		3,773	Non-redeemable preferred stock fund	3,837		3,773
Total equity securities	Total equity securities	$	11,899	11,590	Total equity securities	$	11,710	11,590

VALUATION OF INVESTMENTS

Available-for-sale ("AFS") fixed maturity securities are reported in the consolidated financial statements at fair value. Equity securities are measured at fair value with the change in fair value recorded through net income (loss). The Company recognized net investment related losses of $0.2 million and gains of ~~$0.3~~$0.1 million on equity securities held for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and losses of ~~$0.8~~$1.2 million and $2.0 million for the same ~~period~~periods ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022, respectively.

The Company considers several factors in its review and evaluation of individual investments, using the process described in Part IV, Item 15, Note 2. Investments in the notes to the consolidated financial statements of our Form 10-K to determine whether a credit valuation loss exists. For the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded no credit valuation losses on fixed maturity securities.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 1416

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

The following tables present the fair values and gross unrealized losses of fixed maturity securities that are not deemed to have credit losses, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.


March 31, 2023		Less than 12 months				Greater than 12 months			Total
June 30, 2023												June 30, 2023	Less than 12 months				Greater than 12 months			Total
(In thousands, except for # of securities)	(In thousands, except for # of securities)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses	# of Securities	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses	# of Securities	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses	# of Securities	(In thousands, except for # of securities)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses	# of Securities	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses	# of Securities	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses	# of Securities

Fixed maturity securities:	Fixed maturity securities:											Fixed maturity securities:
Available-for-sale securities:	Available-for-sale securities:											Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	U.S. Treasury securities	$	514	2	2	66	8	2	580	10	4	U.S. Treasury securities	$	740	20	3	65	9	2	805	29	5
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	223		1	1	—	—	—	223	1	1	U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	220		3	1	—	—	—	220	3	1
States and political subdivisions	States and political subdivisions	111,550		5,674	131	80,193	22,944	100	191,743	28,618	231	States and political subdivisions	94,929		3,360	121	112,451	28,122	141	207,380	31,482	262
Corporate:	Corporate:											Corporate:
Financial	Financial	102,783		9,440	119	89,543	26,679	130	192,326	36,119	249	Financial	38,326		1,768	59	152,433	37,075	195	190,759	38,843	254
Consumer	Consumer	81,680		5,352	90	108,995	33,162	153	190,675	38,514	243	Consumer	48,950		2,896	57	139,405	39,276	189	188,355	42,172	246
Utilities	Utilities	30,814		2,271	55	61,557	17,933	104	92,371	20,204	159	Utilities	16,392		593	58	75,728	21,737	121	92,120	22,330	179
Energy	Energy	36,270		2,270	41	26,992	6,570	37	63,262	8,840	78	Energy	12,636		426	17	53,020	9,760	66	65,656	10,186	83
All Other	All Other	93,285		6,463	99	57,461	16,093	80	150,746	22,556	179	All Other	43,739		1,959	55	108,752	23,480	133	152,491	25,439	188
Commercial mortgage-backed	Commercial mortgage-backed	168		3	2	—	—	—	168	3	2	Commercial mortgage-backed	167		4	2	—	—	—	167	4	2
Residential mortgage-backed	Residential mortgage-backed	101,277		7,354	87	1,296	332	12	102,573	7,686	99	Residential mortgage-backed	82,833		7,194	78	17,384	2,868	26	100,217	10,062	104
Asset-backed	Asset-backed	12,725		692	19	23,609	1,740	28	36,334	2,432	47	Asset-backed	11,309		285	20	31,365	2,074	35	42,674	2,359	55

Total fixed maturity securities	Total fixed maturity securities	$	571,289	39,522	646	449,712	125,461	646	1,021,001	164,983	1,292	Total fixed maturity securities	$	350,241	18,508	471	690,603	164,401	908	1,040,844	182,909	1,379


December 31, 2022	Less than 12 months				Greater than 12 months			Total
(In thousands, except for # of securities)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses	# of Securities	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses	# of Securities	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses	# of Securities

Fixed maturity securities:
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	—	—	—	64	9	2	64	9	2
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	223		1	1	—	—	—	223	1	1
States and political subdivisions	189,084		30,866	242	14,184	7,098	14	203,268	37,964	256
Corporate:
Financial	182,447		39,122	237	6,144	3,261	16	188,591	42,383	253
Consumer	164,224		34,823	220	23,417	12,315	30	187,641	47,138	250
Utilities	73,483		15,959	152	16,413	7,831	18	89,896	23,790	170
Energy	59,053		9,601	75	5,617	1,794	8	64,670	11,395	83
All Other	140,955		25,337	171	7,910	3,711	15	148,865	29,048	186
Commercial mortgage-backed	168		2	2	—	—	—	168	2	2
Residential mortgage-backed	98,758		10,514	95	759	251	5	99,517	10,765	100
Asset-backed	37,067		2,485	41	4,264	282	9	41,331	2,767	50
Total fixed maturity securities	$	945,462	168,710	1,236	78,772	36,552	117	1,024,234	205,262	1,353

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 1517

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

In each category of our fixed maturity securities described above, we do not intend to sell our investments and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases. As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, ~~98.7%~~99% of the fair value of our fixed maturity securities portfolio was rated investment grade. While the losses are currently unrealized, we continue to monitor all fixed maturity securities on an on-going basis as future information may become available which could result in an allowance being recorded. While we experience unrealized losses across several corporate sectors, the financial sector includes exposure to banks which have been impacted the most by recent economic and interest rate pressures. We have assessed our exposure in this sector and believe our investments have access to sufficient liquidity to meet their debt obligations.

These unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities are due to noncredit-related factors, including widening credit spreads and rising interest rates since purchase, which have little bearing on the recoverability of our investments, hence they are not recognized as credit losses. The fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach maturity or if market yields for such investments decline.

The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity securities at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 by contractual maturity are shown in the table below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date have been reflected based upon final stated maturity.


March 31, 2023		Amortized Cost				Fair Value
June 30, 2023				June 30, 2023	Amortized Cost				Fair Value
(In thousands)	(In thousands)			Amortized Cost				Fair Value		(In thousands)
Fixed maturity securities:	Fixed maturity securities:					Fixed maturity securities:
Due in one year or less	Due in one year or less	$	9,753			9,718	Due in one year or less	$	15,095		14,965
Due after one year through five years	Due after one year through five years	131,003				129,487	Due after one year through five years	125,549			122,715
Due after five years through ten years	Due after five years through ten years	248,095				240,207	Due after five years through ten years	263,546			251,588
Due after ten years	Due after ten years	999,068				850,279	Due after ten years	980,931			817,215
Total fixed maturity securities	Total fixed maturity securities	$	1,387,919			1,229,691	Total fixed maturity securities	$	1,385,121		1,206,483

The Company uses the specific identification method of the individual security to determine the cost basis used in the calculation of realized gains and losses related to security sales.

Three Months Ended
March 31,
(In thousands) 2023 2022
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale:
Proceeds $ 2,865 1,100
Gross realized gains $ 5 —
Gross realized losses $ 12 —

~~The Company sold 4 AFS fixed maturity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 1 during the three months ended March 31, 2022, respectively.~~



	Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
	June 30,			June 30,
(In thousands)	2023		2022	2023	2022
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale:
Proceeds	$	1,379	27,728	4,244	28,828
Gross realized gains	$	—	101	5	101
Gross realized losses	$	5	102	17	102

(4) FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We hold AFS fixed maturity securities, which are carried at fair value with changes in fair value reported through other comprehensive income (loss). We also report our equity securities and certain other long-term investments at fair value with changes in fair value reported through the consolidated statements of operations.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 1618

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

~~securities and certain other long-term investments at fair value with changes in fair value reported through the consolidated statements of operations.~~

Fair value measurements are generally based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our view of market assumptions in the absence of observable market information. We utilize valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. All assets and liabilities carried at fair value are required to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

•Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

•Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs or whose significant value drivers are observable.

•Level 3 - Instruments whose significant value drivers are unobservable.

Level 1 primarily consists of financial instruments whose value is based on quoted market prices such as U.S. Treasury securities and actively traded mutual fund and stock investments.

Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are valued by independent pricing services or broker quotes. These pricing models are primarily industry-standard models that consider various inputs, such as interest rates, credit spreads and foreign exchange rates for the underlying financial instruments. All significant inputs are observable or derived from observable information in the marketplace or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace. Financial instruments in this category primarily include corporate securities, U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise securities, securities issued by states and political subdivisions and certain mortgage and asset-backed securities.

Level 3 is comprised of financial instruments whose fair value is estimated based on non-binding broker prices utilizing significant inputs not based on or corroborated by readily available market information. We have no investments in this category.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 1719

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

The following tables set forth our assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated.


March 31, 2023		Level 1			Level 2			Level 3		Total Fair Value
June 30, 2023						June 30, 2023	Level 1						Level 2					Level 3				Total Fair Value
(In thousands)	(In thousands)			Level 1					Level 2			Level 3								Total Fair Value				(In thousands)
Financial Assets	Financial Assets					Financial Assets
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:	Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:																		Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$	5,925		3,763			—			9,688			U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises		$	5,769				3,684				—		9,453
States and political subdivisions	States and political subdivisions	—			308,580			—		308,580			States and political subdivisions		—				301,807				—			301,807
Corporate	Corporate	47			758,927			—		758,974			Corporate		45				744,060				—			744,105
Commercial mortgage-backed	Commercial mortgage-backed	—			168			—		168			Commercial mortgage-backed		—				167				—			167
Residential mortgage-backed	Residential mortgage-backed	—			102,903			—		102,903			Residential mortgage-backed		—				100,383				—			100,383
Asset-backed	Asset-backed	—			49,277			—		49,277			Asset-backed		—				50,468				—			50,468
Foreign governments	Foreign governments	—			101			—		101			Foreign governments		—				100				—			100
Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	5,972			1,223,719			—		1,229,691			Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale		5,814				1,200,669				—			1,206,483

Equity securities:	Equity securities:												Equity securities:
Stock mutual funds	Stock mutual funds	2,683			—			—		2,683			Stock mutual funds		2,727				—				—			2,727
Bond mutual funds	Bond mutual funds	4,409			—			—		4,409			Bond mutual funds		4,348				—				—			4,348
Common stock	Common stock	924			—			—		924			Common stock		790				—				—			790
Non-redeemable preferred stock	Non-redeemable preferred stock	9			—			—		9			Non-redeemable preferred stock		8				—				—			8
Non-redeemable preferred stock fund	Non-redeemable preferred stock fund	3,874			—			—		3,874			Non-redeemable preferred stock fund		3,837				—				—			3,837
Total equity securities	Total equity securities	11,899			—			—		11,899			Total equity securities		11,710				—				—			11,710
Other long-term investments (1)	Other long-term investments (1)	—			—			—		71,990			Other long-term investments (1)		—				—				—			76,999
Total financial assets	Total financial assets	$	17,871		1,223,719			—		1,313,580			Total financial assets		$	17,524			1,200,669				—			1,295,192

(1) In accordance with Subtopic 820-10, certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient are not classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 1820

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)


December 31, 2022	December 31, 2022	Level 1		Level 2	Level 3		Total Fair Value	December 31, 2022	Level 1			Level 2	Level 3	Total Fair Value
(In thousands)	(In thousands)					(In thousands)
Financial Assets	Financial Assets							Financial Assets
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:	Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:										Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$	9,568	3,710	—		13,278	U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$	9,567		3,711	—	13,278
States and political subdivisions	States and political subdivisions	—		307,358	—		307,358	States and political subdivisions	—			307,358	—	307,358
Corporate	Corporate	44		715,601	—		715,645	Corporate	44			715,601	—	715,645
Commercial mortgage-backed	Commercial mortgage-backed	—		169	—		169	Commercial mortgage-backed	—			169	—	169
Residential mortgage-backed	Residential mortgage-backed	—		99,826	—		99,826	Residential mortgage-backed	—			99,826	—	99,826
Asset-backed	Asset-backed	—		43,242	—		43,242	Asset-backed	—			43,242	—	43,242
Foreign governments	Foreign governments	—		101	—		101	Foreign governments	—			101	—	101
Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	9,612		1,170,007	—		1,179,619	Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	9,611			1,170,008	—	1,179,619

Equity securities:	Equity securities:							Equity securities:
Stock mutual funds	Stock mutual funds	2,615		—	—		2,615	Stock mutual funds	2,615			—	—	2,615
Bond mutual funds	Bond mutual funds	4,337		—	—		4,337	Bond mutual funds	4,337			—	—	4,337
Common stock	Common stock	857		—	—		857	Common stock	857			—	—	857
Non-redeemable preferred stock	Non-redeemable preferred stock	8		—	—		8	Non-redeemable preferred stock	8			—	—	8
Non-redeemable preferred stock fund	Non-redeemable preferred stock fund	3,773		—	—		3,773	Non-redeemable preferred stock fund	3,773			—	—	3,773
Total equity securities	Total equity securities	11,590		—	—		11,590	Total equity securities	11,590			—	—	11,590
Other long-term investments (1)	Other long-term investments (1)	—		—	—		66,846	Other long-term investments (1)	—			—	—	66,846
Total financial assets	Total financial assets	$	21,202	1,170,007	—		1,258,055	Total financial assets	$	21,201		1,170,008	—	1,258,055
(1) In accordance with Subtopic 820-10, certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient are not classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets.	(1) In accordance with Subtopic 820-10, certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient are not classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets.							(1) In accordance with Subtopic 820-10, certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient are not classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS VALUATION

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS CARRIED AT FAIR VALUE

Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale. At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, fixed maturity securities, valued using a third-party pricing source, totaled $1.2 billion for Level 2 assets and comprised ~~93.2%~~93% of total reported fair value of our financial assets. The Level 1 and Level 2 valuations are reviewed and updated quarterly through testing by comparisons to separate pricing models, other third-party pricing services, and back tested to recent trades. In addition, we obtain information annually relative to the third-party pricing models and review model parameters for reasonableness. There were no Level 3 assets at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023. As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, there were no material changes to the valuation methods or assumptions used to determine fair values, and no broker or third-party prices were changed from the values received.

Equity securities. Our equity securities are classified as Level 1 assets as their fair values are based upon quoted market prices.

Limited partnerships. The Company considers the net asset value ("NAV") to represent the value of the investment fund and is measured by the total value of assets minus the total value of liabilities. The following table includes information related to our investments in limited partnerships that calculate NAV per share. For these investments, which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, we use the NAV per share to measure fair value. The Company recognized net investment related gains of $0.9 million and $0.3 million and losses of ~~$0.6~~$4.4 million and ~~$0.8 million on limited partnerships held for~~

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 1921

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

$5.2 million on limited partnerships held for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2022, respectively. These investments are included in other long-term investments on the consolidated balance sheets.


			March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022						June 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
(In thousands, except years)	(In thousands, except years)		Fair Value Using NAV Per Share		Unfunded Commit- ments	Range (In years)	Fair Value Using NAV Per Share		Unfunded Commit- ments	Range (In years)	(In thousands, except years)		Fair Value Using NAV Per Share		Unfunded Commit- ments	Range (In years)	Fair Value Using NAV Per Share		Unfunded Commit- ments	Range (In years)
		Description										Description
Limited partnerships	Limited partnerships										Limited partnerships
Middle market	Middle market	Investments in privately-originated, performing senior secured debt primarily in North America-based companies	$	33,643	3,452	4	$	33,234	6,011	5	Middle market	Investments in privately-originated, performing senior secured debt primarily in North America-based companies	$	34,996	3,452	4	$	33,234	6,011	5
Global equity fund	Global equity fund	Investments in common stocks of U.S., international developed and emerging markets with a focus on long-term capital growth	9,329		—	0	9,037		—	0	Global equity fund	Investments in common stocks of U.S., international developed and emerging markets with a focus on long-term capital growth	9,758		—	0	9,037		—	0

Late-stage growth	Late-stage growth	Investments in private late-stage, established companies seeking capital to accelerate growth prior to an IPO or sale	18,315		17,172	5 to 7	16,892		18,444	5 to 7	Late-stage growth	Investments in private late-stage, established companies seeking capital to accelerate growth prior to an IPO or sale	18,705		17,172	5 to 7	16,892		18,444	5 to 7
Infrastructure	Infrastructure	Investments in climate infrastructure assets, focusing on renewable power generation in wind and solar energy	10,703		14,926	10 to 12	7,683		4,107	11	Infrastructure	Investments in climate infrastructure assets, focusing on renewable power generation in wind and solar energy	13,540		12,416	10 to 12	7,683		4,107	11
Total limited partnerships	Total limited partnerships		$	71,990	35,550		$	66,846	28,562		Total limited partnerships		$	76,999	33,040		$	66,846	28,562

The majority of our limited partnership investments are not redeemable because distributions from the funds will be received when the underlying investments of the funds are liquidated. The life spans indicated above may be shortened or extended at the fund manager's discretion, typically in one or two-year increments. The global equity fund is redeemable monthly.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS NOT CARRIED AT FAIR VALUE

Estimates of fair values are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market prices and information about the financial instruments. The estimated fair values of financial instruments presented below are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company might realize in actual market transactions.

The carrying amount and fair value for the financial assets and liabilities on the consolidated financial statements not otherwise disclosed for the periods indicated were as follows:


		March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022			June 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
(In thousands)	(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value	Carrying Value	Fair Value	(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value	Carrying Value	Fair Value

Financial Assets:	Financial Assets:						Financial Assets:
Policy loans	Policy loans	$	78,659	78,659	78,773	78,773	Policy loans	$	77,944	77,944	78,773	78,773

Residential mortgage loan	Residential mortgage loan	47		48	49	50	Residential mortgage loan	45		46	49	50

Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	18,924		18,924	22,973	22,973	Cash and cash equivalents	20,914		20,914	22,973	22,973
Financial Liabilities:	Financial Liabilities:						Financial Liabilities:
Annuity - investment contracts	Annuity - investment contracts	67,799		62,968	67,344	61,701	Annuity - investment contracts	67,136		62,253	67,344	61,701

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 2022

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

Policy loans. Policy loans had a weighted average annual interest rate of 7.7% at both ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and no specified maturity dates. The aggregate fair value of policy loans approximates the carrying value reflected on the consolidated balance sheets. Policy loans are an integral part of the life insurance policies we have in force, cannot be valued separately and are not marketable. Therefore, the fair value of policy loans approximates the carrying value and policy loans are considered Level 3 assets in the fair value hierarchy.

Residential mortgage loan. The mortgage loan is secured principally by a residential property. The interest rate for this loan was ~~approximately~~ 7.0% at both ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, the remaining loan matures in five years. Management estimated the fair value using an annual interest rate of 6.25% at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023. Our mortgage loan is considered a Level 3 ~~assets~~asset in the fair value hierarchy and is included in other long-term investments on the consolidated balance ~~sheet.~~sheets.

Cash and cash equivalents. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents approximates carrying value and are characterized as Level 1 assets in the fair value hierarchy.

Annuity liabilities. The fair value of the Company's liabilities under annuity contract policies, which are considered Level 3 liabilities, was estimated at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 using discounted cash flows based upon spot rates adjusted for various risk adjustments ranging from ~~4.18%~~4.00% to ~~4.41%~~4.71% and 4.74% to 5.09%, respectively. The fair value of liabilities under all insurance contracts are taken into consideration in the overall management of interest rate risk, which seeks to minimize exposure to changing interest rates through the matching of investment maturities with amounts due under insurance contracts.

Other long-term investments. Financial instruments included in other long-term investments are classified in various levels of the fair value hierarchy. The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of these investments.


Carrying Value (In thousands)	Carrying Value (In thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022	Carrying Value (In thousands)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Other long-term investments:	Other long-term investments:				Other long-term investments:
Limited partnerships	Limited partnerships	$	71,990	69,294	Limited partnerships	$	76,999	69,294
FHLB common stock	FHLB common stock	195		193	FHLB common stock	196		193
Mortgage loans	Mortgage loans	47		49	Mortgage loans	45		49
All other investments	All other investments	22		22	All other investments	22		22
Total other long-term investments	Total other long-term investments	$	72,254	69,558	Total other long-term investments	$	77,262	69,558

We carried no limited partnership investments at cost at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 while $2.4 million were carried at cost at December 31, 2022.

We are a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") of Dallas and such membership requires members to own stock in the FHLB. Our FHLB stock is carried at amortized cost, which approximates fair value.

(5) DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS AND COST OF INSURANCE ACQUIRED

DAC

The following tables roll forward the DAC asset for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and 2022 by reporting cohort. Our reporting cohorts are Permanent, which summarizes insurance policies with premiums payable over the lifetime of the policy, and Permanent Limited Pay, which summarizes insurance policies with premiums payable for a limited time after which the policy is fully paid up. Both reporting cohorts include whole life and endowment policies.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 2123

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)


		Three Months Ended March 31, 2023					Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
(In thousands)	(In thousands)	Permanent		Permanent Limited Pay	Other Business	Total		(In thousands)	Permanent		Permanent Limited Pay	Other Business	Total
Life Insurance:	Life Insurance:							Life Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year	Balance, beginning of year	$	100,926	11,542	1,016	113,484		Balance, beginning of year	$	100,926	11,542	1,016	113,484
Capitalizations	Capitalizations	3,453		822	85	4,360		Capitalizations	7,212		1,436	169	8,817
Amortization expense	Amortization expense	(2,918)		(186)	(58)	(3,162)		Amortization expense	(5,909)		(382)	(38)	(6,329)

Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	$	101,461	12,178	1,043	114,682		Balance, end of period	102,229		12,596	1,147	115,972

Home Service Insurance:	Home Service Insurance:							Home Service Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year	Balance, beginning of year	$	38,793	9,729	921	49,443		Balance, beginning of year	38,793		9,729	921	49,443
Capitalizations	Capitalizations	1,615		331	52	1,998		Capitalizations	3,340		629	116	4,085
Amortization expense	Amortization expense	(492)		(95)	(65)	(652)		Amortization expense	(1,015)		(196)	52	(1,159)

Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	$	39,916	9,965	908	50,789		Balance, end of period	41,118		10,162	1,089	52,369

Consolidated:	Consolidated:							Consolidated:
Balance, beginning of year	Balance, beginning of year	$	139,719	21,271	1,937	162,927		Balance, beginning of year	139,719		21,271	1,937	162,927
Capitalizations	Capitalizations	5,068		1,153	137	6,358		Capitalizations	10,552		2,065	285	12,902
Amortization expense	Amortization expense	(3,410)		(281)	(123)	(3,814)		Amortization expense	(6,924)		(578)	14	(7,488)

Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	$	141,377	22,143	1,951	165,471		Balance, end of period	$	143,347	22,758	2,236	168,341


		Three Months Ended March 31, 2022					Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
(In thousands)	(In thousands)	Permanent		Permanent Limited Pay	Other Business	Total		(In thousands)	Permanent		Permanent Limited Pay	Other Business	Total
Life Insurance:	Life Insurance:							Life Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year	Balance, beginning of year	$	97,675	9,001	1,026	107,702		Balance, beginning of year	$	97,675	9,001	1,026	107,702
Capitalizations	Capitalizations	2,439		838	29	3,306		Capitalizations	6,079		1,545	(11)	7,613
Amortization expense	Amortization expense	(2,793)		(150)	(77)	(3,020)		Amortization expense	(5,607)		(309)	(54)	(5,970)

Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	$	97,321	9,689	978	107,988		Balance, end of period	98,147		10,237	961	109,345

Home Service Insurance:	Home Service Insurance:							Home Service Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year	Balance, beginning of year	$	35,137	8,723	856	44,716		Balance, beginning of year	35,137		8,723	856	44,716
Capitalizations	Capitalizations	1,149		323	3	1,475		Capitalizations	2,615		727	10	3,352
Amortization expense	Amortization expense	(444)		(89)	(6)	(539)		Amortization expense	(896)		(179)	18	(1,057)

Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	$	35,842	8,957	853	45,652		Balance, end of period	36,856		9,271	884	47,011

Consolidated:	Consolidated:							Consolidated:
Balance, beginning of year	Balance, beginning of year	$	132,812	17,724	1,882	152,418		Balance, beginning of year	132,812		17,724	1,882	152,418
Capitalizations	Capitalizations	3,588		1,161	32	4,781		Capitalizations	8,694		2,272	(1)	10,965
Amortization expense	Amortization expense	(3,237)		(239)	(83)	(3,559)		Amortization expense	(6,503)		(488)	(36)	(7,027)

Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	$	133,163	18,646	1,831	153,640		Balance, end of period	$	135,003	19,508	1,845	156,356

DAC capitalization increased for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, compared to the same prior year period mainly from increased commissions from higher first year sales across our business segments.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 2224

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

COIA

The following tables provide rollforwards of the COIA balances for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and 2022 by reporting cohort. Our reporting cohorts are Permanent, which summarizes insurance policies with premiums payable over the lifetime of the policy, and Permanent Limited Pay, which summarizes insurance policies with premiums payable for a limited time after which the policy is fully paid up. Both reporting cohorts include whole life and endowment policies.


		Three Months Ended March 31, 2023					Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
(In thousands)	(In thousands)	Permanent		Permanent Limited Pay	Other Business	Total		(In thousands)	Permanent		Permanent Limited Pay	Other Business	Total
Life Insurance:	Life Insurance:							Life Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year	Balance, beginning of year	$	267	750	444	1,461		Balance, beginning of year	$	267	750	444	1,461
Amortization expense	Amortization expense	(4)		(15)	(13)	(32)		Amortization expense	(10)		(30)	(18)	(58)

Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	$	263	735	431	1,429		Balance, end of period	257		720	426	1,403

Home Service Insurance:	Home Service Insurance:							Home Service Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year	Balance, beginning of year	$	7,583	176	1,427	9,186		Balance, beginning of year	7,583		176	1,427	9,186
Amortization expense	Amortization expense	(99)		(2)	(28)	(129)		Amortization expense	(197)		(4)	(55)	(256)

Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	$	7,484	174	1,399	9,057		Balance, end of period	7,386		172	1,372	8,930

Consolidated:	Consolidated:							Consolidated:
Balance, beginning of year	Balance, beginning of year	$	7,850	926	1,871	10,647		Balance, beginning of year	7,850		926	1,871	10,647
Amortization expense	Amortization expense	(103)		(17)	(41)	(161)		Amortization expense	(207)		(34)	(73)	(314)

Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	$	7,747	909	1,830	10,486		Balance, end of period	$	7,643	892	1,798	10,333


		Three Months Ended March 31, 2022					Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
(In thousands)	(In thousands)	Permanent		Permanent Limited Pay	Other Business	Total		(In thousands)	Permanent		Permanent Limited Pay	Other Business	Total
Life Insurance:	Life Insurance:							Life Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year	Balance, beginning of year	$	287	812	485	1,584		Balance, beginning of year	$	287	812	485	1,584
Amortization expense	Amortization expense	(5)		(16)	(3)	(24)		Amortization expense	(10)		(31)	(21)	(62)

Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	$	282	796	482	1,560		Balance, end of period	277		781	464	1,522

Home Service Insurance:	Home Service Insurance:							Home Service Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year	Balance, beginning of year	$	7,989	184	1,511	9,684		Balance, beginning of year	7,989		184	1,511	9,684
Amortization expense	Amortization expense	(103)		(2)	—	(105)		Amortization expense	(205)		(4)	(9)	(218)

Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	$	7,886	182	1,511	9,579		Balance, end of period	7,784		180	1,502	9,466

Consolidated:	Consolidated:							Consolidated:
Balance, beginning of year	Balance, beginning of year	$	8,276	996	1,996	11,268		Balance, beginning of year	8,276		996	1,996	11,268
Amortization expense	Amortization expense	(108)		(18)	(3)	(129)		Amortization expense	(215)		(35)	(30)	(280)

Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	$	8,168	978	1,993	11,139		Balance, end of period	$	8,061	961	1,966	10,988

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 2325

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

(6) POLICYHOLDERS’ LIABILITIES

LIABILITY FOR FUTURE POLICY BENEFITS

The following tables summarize balances of and changes in the liability for future policy benefits for our reporting cohorts: Permanent, which summarizes insurance policies with premiums payable over the lifetime of the policy, and Permanent Limited Pay, which summarizes insurance policies with premiums payable for a limited time after which the policy is fully paid up. Both reporting cohorts include whole life and endowment policies.


		Life Insurance Segment
March 31, 2023 (In thousands)		Permanent		Permanent Limited Pay	Total
June 30, 2023 (In thousands)						June 30, 2023 (In thousands)	Life Insurance Segment				Home Service Insurance
							Permanent		Permanent Limited Pay	Total		Permanent	Permanent Limited Pay	Total
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums	Present Value of Expected Net Premiums					Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	Balance, beginning of year	$	235,228	10,209	245,437	Balance, beginning of year	$	235,228	10,209	245,437		93,508	13,255	106,763
Beginning balance at original discount rate	Beginning balance at original discount rate	247,601		10,682	258,283	Beginning balance at original discount rate	247,601		10,682	258,283		100,225	14,394	114,619

Effects of actual variances from expected experience	Effects of actual variances from expected experience	1,742		365	2,107	Effects of actual variances from expected experience	3,081		466	3,547		(2,910)	(2,291)	(5,201)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	Adjusted beginning of year balance	249,343		11,047	260,390	Adjusted beginning of year balance	250,682		11,148	261,830		97,315	12,103	109,418
Issuances	Issuances	6,236		759	6,995	Issuances	13,189		1,449	14,638		9,091	2,125	11,216
Interest accrual	Interest accrual	2,272		72	2,344	Interest accrual	4,571		150	4,721		1,996	230	2,226
Net premiums collected	Net premiums collected	(9,715)		(751)	(10,466)	Net premiums collected	(20,049)		(1,203)	(21,252)		(5,919)	948	(4,971)
Derecognition and other	Derecognition and other	153		38	191	Derecognition and other	293		60	353		272	82	354
Ending balance at original discount rate	Ending balance at original discount rate	248,289		11,165	259,454	Ending balance at original discount rate	248,686		11,604	260,290		102,755	15,488	118,243
Effect of changes in discount rates	Effect of changes in discount rates	(8,766)		(370)	(9,136)	Effect of changes in discount rates	(10,320)		(404)	(10,724)		(5,247)	(927)	(6,174)
Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	$	239,523	10,795	250,318	Balance, end of period	$	238,366	11,200	249,566		97,508	14,561	112,069

Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits	Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits					Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	Balance, beginning of year	$	947,415	195,612	1,143,027	Balance, beginning of year	$	947,415	195,612	1,143,027		200,351	116,356	316,707
Beginning balance at original discount rate	Beginning balance at original discount rate	996,169		208,051	1,204,220	Beginning balance at original discount rate	996,169		208,051	1,204,220		214,188	121,908	336,096

Effects of actual variances from expected experience	Effects of actual variances from expected experience	2,538		1,045	3,583	Effects of actual variances from expected experience	4,533		2,114	6,647		(2,750)	(579)	(3,329)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	Adjusted beginning of year balance	998,707		209,096	1,207,803	Adjusted beginning of year balance	1,000,702		210,165	1,210,867		211,438	121,329	332,767
Issuances	Issuances	6,375		785	7,160	Issuances	13,442		1,479	14,921		9,090	2,129	11,219
Interest accrual	Interest accrual	10,842		2,112	12,954	Interest accrual	21,673		4,210	25,883		4,642	2,822	7,464
Benefit payments	Benefit payments	(19,153)		(4,873)	(24,026)	Benefit payments	(39,414)		(10,676)	(50,090)		(8,532)	(3,317)	(11,849)
Derecognition and other	Derecognition and other	14		12	26	Derecognition and other	31		29	60		268	80	348
Ending balance at original discount rate	Ending balance at original discount rate	996,785		207,132	1,203,917	Ending balance at original discount rate	996,434		205,207	1,201,641		216,906	123,043	339,949
Effect of changes in discount rates	Effect of changes in discount rates	(31,065)		(9,459)	(40,524)	Effect of changes in discount rates	(38,485)		(10,615)	(49,100)		(10,009)	(3,436)	(13,445)
Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	$	965,720	197,673	1,163,393	Balance, end of period	$	957,949	194,592	1,152,541		206,897	119,607	326,504

Net liability for future policy benefits	Net liability for future policy benefits	$	726,197	186,878	913,075	Net liability for future policy benefits	$	719,583	183,392	902,975		109,389	105,046	214,435

The Life Insurance segment impact of updating actual experience for the current period contributed to an increase in liabilities primarily due to higher benefits than expected.

The Home Service Insurance segment impact of

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 2426

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

Home Service Insurance
March 31, 2023
(In thousands)
Permanent Permanent Limited Pay Total
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year $ 93,508 13,255 106,763
Beginning balance at original discount rate 100,225 14,394 114,619
Effects of actual variances from expected experience (1,371) (809) (2,180)
Adjusted beginning of year balance 98,854 13,585 112,439
Issuances 4,789 1,176 5,965
Interest accrual 986 114 1,100
Net premiums collected (2,967) 467 (2,500)
Derecognition and other 132 46 178
Ending balance at original discount rate 101,794 15,388 117,182
Effect of changes in discount rates (4,925) (873) (5,798)
Balance, end of period $ 96,869 14,515 111,384
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year $ 200,351 116,356 316,707
Beginning balance at original discount rate 214,188 121,908 336,096
Effects of actual variances from expected experience (1,299) 25 (1,274)
Adjusted beginning of year balance 212,889 121,933 334,822
Issuances 4,789 1,176 5,965
Interest accrual 2,310 1,410 3,720
Benefit payments (4,178) (1,748) (5,926)
Derecognition and other 132 45 177
Ending balance at original discount rate 215,942 122,816 338,758
Effect of changes in discount rates (10,101) (3,712) (13,813)
Balance, end of period $ 205,841 119,104 324,945
Net liability for future policy benefits $ 108,972 104,589 213,561
updating actual experience for the current period contributed to an increase in liabilities due to higher premiums collected than expected.


June 30, 2022 (In thousands)	Life Insurance				Home Service Insurance
	Permanent		Permanent Limited Pay	Total		Permanent	Permanent Limited Pay	Total
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	269,528	4,939	274,467		104,556	10,196	114,752
Beginning balance at original discount rate	246,386		5,093	251,479		90,012	9,532	99,544

Effects of actual variances from expected experience	3,613		539	4,152		2,123	(2,594)	(471)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	249,999		5,632	255,631		92,135	6,938	99,073
Issuances	15,212		2,100	17,312		8,737	2,695	11,432
Interest accrual	4,189		9	4,198		1,660	98	1,758
Net premiums collected	(19,100)		175	(18,925)		(5,444)	3,049	(2,395)
Derecognition and other	199		62	261		(895)	91	(804)
Ending balance at original discount rate	250,499		7,978	258,477		96,193	12,871	109,064
Effect of changes in discount rates	(6,258)		(436)	(6,694)		(2,927)	(882)	(3,809)
Balance, end of period	$	244,241	7,542	251,783		93,266	11,989	105,255

Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	1,168,282	240,679	1,408,961		266,206	161,715	427,921
Beginning balance at original discount rate	990,921		207,105	1,198,026		205,340	117,425	322,765

Effects of actual variances from expected experience	4,412		2,399	6,811		2,428	659	3,087
Adjusted beginning of year balance	995,333		209,504	1,204,837		207,768	118,084	325,852
Issuances	15,471		2,155	17,626		8,743	2,696	11,439
Interest accrual	21,315		4,243	25,558		4,327	2,702	7,029
Benefit payments	(33,133)		(8,086)	(41,219)		(10,216)	(3,681)	(13,897)
Derecognition and other	(42)		7	(35)		(900)	88	(812)
Ending balance at original discount rate	998,944		207,823	1,206,767		209,722	119,889	329,611
Effect of changes in discount rates	(6,954)		(3,148)	(10,102)		672	4,628	5,300
Balance, end of period	$	991,990	204,675	1,196,665		210,394	124,517	334,911

Net liability for future policy benefits	$	747,749	197,133	944,882		117,128	112,528	229,656
Plus: Flooring impact	—		—	—		27	71	98

Net liability for future policy benefits, after flooring impact	$	747,749	197,133	944,882		117,155	112,599	229,754

The Life Insurance segment impact of updating actual experience for the current period contributed to an increase in liabilities primarily due to higher benefits paid than expected. The Home Service Insurance segment impact of updating actual experience for the current period contributed to an increase in liabilities due to higher premiums collected than expected.

June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 27

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

Net premiums collected ~~collected are~~is defined as the transactional gross premiums collected in the current period times the net premium ratio. Issuances are calculated as the present value, using the locked-in discount rate of the expected net premiums or the expected future policy benefits related to new policies issued during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and 2022. Interest accrual is the interest earned on the beginning present value of either the expected net premiums or the expected future policy benefits using the locked-in discount rate. Benefit payments are the transactional benefits (death, lapse, surrenders and maturities) paid in the current period. Derecognition refers to a subset of the issuances or the present value of future premiums released on new issues that lapsed during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and 2022 as well as other reconciling items. The effects of actual variances from expected experience lines are primarily impacted by the actual policy cash flows during the period compared to that which was expected in the reserve assumptions. If the net of the two lines is a positive number, the implication is an unfavorable result with policy cash flows less favorable than assumed while a negative number implies a favorable result compared to assumptions. Our policy experience will vary from actual experience in any one period, either favorably or unfavorably.

~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 25~~

~~Table of Contents~~The following table reconciles the net liability for future policy benefits shown above to the liability for future policy benefits reported in the consolidated balance sheets.


~~CITIZENS, INC~~.	~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
		~~(Unaudited~~)

~~The Home Service Insurance segment impact of updating actual experience for the current period contributed to an increase in liabilities due to higher premiums collected than expected.~~

Life Insurance
March 31, 2022
(In thousands)
Permanent Permanent Limited Pay Total
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year $ 269,528 4,939 274,467
Beginning balance at original discount rate 246,386 5,093 251,479
Effects of actual variances from expected experience 1,693 422 2,115
Adjusted beginning of year balance 248,079 5,515 253,594
Issuances 5,795 1,121 6,916
Interest accrual 2,088 (2) 2,086
Net premiums collected (9,166) 133 (9,033)
Derecognition and other 57 24 81
Ending balance at original discount rate 246,853 6,791 253,644
Effect of changes in discount rates 6,040 (291) 5,749
Balance, end of period $ 252,893 6,500 259,393
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year $ 1,168,282 240,679 1,408,961
Beginning balance at original discount rate 990,921 207,105 1,198,026
Effects of actual variances from expected experience 1,998 1,407 3,405
Adjusted beginning of year balance 992,919 208,512 1,201,431
Issuances 5,863 1,141 7,004
Interest accrual 10,658 2,125 12,783
Benefit payments (17,715) (3,918) (21,633)
Derecognition and other (10) 4 (6)
Ending balance at original discount rate 991,715 207,864 1,199,579
Effect of changes in discount rates 72,720 12,917 85,637
Balance, end of period $ 1,064,435 220,781 1,285,216
Net liability for future policy benefits $ 811,542 214,281 1,025,823

~~The Life Insurance segment impact of updating actual experience for the current period contributed to an increase in liabilities primarily due to higher benefits paid than expected.~~


	June 30, 2023				June 30, 2022
(In thousands)	Life Insurance		Home Service Insurance	Consolidated	Life Insurance	Home Service Insurance	Consolidated
Life Insurance
Permanent	$	719,583	109,389	828,972	747,749	117,155	864,904
Permanent limited pay	183,392		105,046	288,438	197,133	112,599	309,732
Deferred profit liability	26,602		25,667	52,269	23,379	23,394	46,773
Other	27,781		13,860	41,641	28,286	13,651	41,937
Total life insurance	957,358		253,962	1,211,320	996,547	266,799	1,263,346
Accident & Health

Other	662		264	926	502	243	745

Total future policy benefit reserves	$	958,020	254,226	1,212,246	997,049	267,042	1,264,091

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 26

~~Table of Contents~~


~~CITIZENS, INC~~.	~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
		~~(Unaudited~~)

Home Service Insurance
March 31, 2022
(In thousands)
Permanent Permanent Limited Pay Total
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year $ 104,556 10,196 114,752
Beginning balance at original discount rate 90,012 9,532 99,544
Effects of actual variances from expected experience 876 (1,083) (207)
Adjusted beginning of year balance 90,888 8,449 99,337
Issuances 4,349 711 5,060
Interest accrual 822 43 865
Net premiums collected (2,723) 1,610 (1,113)
Derecognition and other (1,113) 24 (1,089)
Ending balance at original discount rate 92,223 10,837 103,060
Effect of changes in discount rates 5,130 (112) 5,018
Balance, end of period $ 97,353 10,725 108,078
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year $ 266,206 161,715 427,921
Beginning balance at original discount rate 205,340 117,425 322,765
Effects of actual variances from expected experience 1,090 625 1,715
Adjusted beginning of year balance 206,430 118,050 324,480
Issuances 4,350 708 5,058
Interest accrual 2,164 1,349 3,513
Benefit payments (5,832) (2,057) (7,889)
Derecognition and other (1,114) 24 (1,090)
Ending balance at original discount rate 205,998 118,074 324,072
Effect of changes in discount rates 28,342 23,076 51,418
Balance, end of period $ 234,340 141,150 375,490
Net liability for future policy benefits $ 136,987 130,425 267,412

~~The Home Service Insurance segment impact of updating actual experience for the current period contributed to an increase in liabilities due to higher premiums collected than expected.~~

~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 27~~28

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

The following table ~~reconciles the net liability for future policy benefits shown above to the liability for future policy benefits in the consolidated balance sheet.~~

March 31, 2023 March 31, 2022
(In thousands) Life
Insurance Home Service
Insurance Consolidated Life
Insurance Home Service
Insurance Consolidated
Life Insurance
Permanent $ 726,197 108,972 835,169 811,542 136,987 948,529
Permanent limited pay 186,878 104,589 291,467 214,281 130,425 344,706
Deferred profit liability 26,347 25,113 51,460 23,042 22,502 45,544
Other 26,474 13,725 40,199 27,918 13,403 41,321
Total life insurance 965,896 252,399 1,218,295 1,076,783 303,317 1,380,100
Accident & Health
Other 599 249 848 521 245 766
Total $ 966,495 252,648 1,219,143 1,077,304 303,562 1,380,866

~~The following table~~ provides the amount of undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments for long-term duration contracts.


As of March 31,		2023			2022
								June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022
(In thousands)	(In thousands)	Life Insurance		Home Service Insurance	Life Insurance	Home Service Insurance	(In thousands)	Life Insurance		Home Service Insurance	Life Insurance	Home Service Insurance
Undiscounted:	Undiscounted:						Undiscounted:
Permanent	Permanent						Permanent
Expected future gross premiums	Expected future gross premiums	607,319		463,491	623,969	459,627	Expected future gross premiums	$	603,067	464,108	620,766	465,996
Expected future benefit payments	Expected future benefit payments	$	1,478,777	478,978	1,468,066	453,855	Expected future benefit payments	1,478,283		482,298	1,474,632	460,674

Permanent Limited Pay	Permanent Limited Pay						Permanent Limited Pay
Expected future gross premiums	Expected future gross premiums	46,845		77,743	47,904	65,371	Expected future gross premiums	46,441		78,064	48,280	70,669
Expected future benefit payments	Expected future benefit payments	321,985		319,390	322,955	304,278	Expected future benefit payments	319,604		319,950	322,842	308,976

Discounted:	Discounted:						Discounted:
Permanent	Permanent						Permanent
Expected future gross premiums	Expected future gross premiums	474,777		277,098	523,290	308,271	Expected future gross premiums	$	467,315	275,847	496,865	288,122
Expected future benefit payments	Expected future benefit payments	$	965,720	205,841	1,064,435	234,340	Expected future benefit payments	957,949		206,897	991,990	210,394

Permanent Limited Pay	Permanent Limited Pay						Permanent Limited Pay
Expected future gross premiums	Expected future gross premiums	41,719		54,170	44,202	53,038	Expected future gross premiums	41,200		53,518	43,534	52,999
Expected future benefit payments	Expected future benefit payments	197,673		119,104	220,781	141,150	Expected future benefit payments	194,592		119,607	204,675	124,517

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 2829

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

The following tables summarize the amount of revenue and interest related to long-term duration contracts recognized in the consolidated statement of operations:

Life Insurance Home Service Insurance
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(In thousands)
Gross Premiums Interest Expense Gross Premiums Interest Expense
Life Insurance
Permanent $ 22,458 8,570 8,372 1,324
Permanent Limited Pay 4,168 2,336 2,154 1,586
Other 77 — 368 —
Reinsurance (648) — (15) —
Total, net of reinsurance 26,055 10,906 10,879 2,910
Accident & Health
Other 152 — 206 —
Reinsurance — — — —
Total, net of reinsurance 152 — 206 —
Total $ 26,207 10,906 11,085 2,910

Life Insurance Home Service Insurance
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
(In thousands)
Gross Premiums Interest Expense Gross Premiums Interest Expense
Life Insurance
Permanent $ 22,257 8,570 8,456 1,342
Permanent Limited Pay 3,656 2,350 2,041 1,559
Other 1,425 — — —
Reinsurance (500) — (14) —
Total, net of reinsurance 26,838 10,920 10,483 2,901
Accident & Health
Other 94 — 193 —
Reinsurance (1) — — —
Total, net of reinsurance 93 — 193 —
Total $ 26,931 10,920 10,676 2,901

~~The following table provides the weighted-average durations of the liability for future policy benefits.~~

March 31, 2023 March 31, 2022
(In years) Life
Insurance Home Service
Insurance Life
Insurance Home Service
Insurance
Permanent
Original duration 8.1 15.9 8.8 16.0
Current duration 8.4 16.1 9.1 16.3
Permanent Limited Pay
Original duration 7.6 14.5 8.0 15.2
Current duration 7.6 15.2 8.4 17.5


	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022		2023		2022
(In thousands)	Gross Premiums		Interest Expense	Gross Premiums	Interest Expense	Gross Premiums	Interest Expense	Gross Premiums	Interest Expense
Life Insurance Segment:
Life Insurance
Permanent	$	22,507	8,532	22,818	8,556	44,965	17,102	45,075	17,126
Permanent Limited Pay	3,610		2,167	3,336	2,305	7,778	4,503	6,992	4,655
Other	2,738		—	3,845	—	2,815	—	5,270	—
Less:
Reinsurance	412		—	253	—	1,060	—	753	—
Total, net of reinsurance	28,443		10,699	29,746	10,861	54,498	21,605	56,584	21,781
Accident & Health

Other	332		—	89	—	484	—	183	—
Less:
Reinsurance	2		—	1	—	2	—	2	—
Total, net of reinsurance	330		—	88	—	482	—	181	—
Total	$	28,773	10,699	29,834	10,861	54,980	21,605	56,765	21,781

Home Service Insurance Segment:
Life Insurance
Permanent	$	8,268	1,322	8,292	1,325	16,640	2,646	16,748	2,667
Permanent Limited Pay	2,117		1,592	2,102	1,561	4,271	3,178	4,143	3,120
Other	466		—	1,051	—	834	—	1,051	—
Less:
Reinsurance	2		—	5	—	17	—	19	—
Total, net of reinsurance	10,849		2,914	11,440	2,886	21,728	5,824	21,923	5,787
Accident & Health

Other	217		—	192	—	423	—	385	—
Less:
Reinsurance	—		—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total, net of reinsurance	217		—	192	—	423	—	385	—
Total	$	11,066	2,914	11,632	2,886	22,151	5,824	22,308	5,787

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 2930

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

The following table provides the weighted-average durations of the liability for future policy benefits.


	June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
(In years)	Life Insurance	Home Service Insurance	Life Insurance	Home Service Insurance
Permanent
Duration at original discount rate	8.1	16.2	8.1	15.4
Duration at current discount rate	8.4	16.5	8.7	16.4
Permanent Limited Pay
Duration at original discount rate	7.7	14.7	7.6	14.4
Duration at current discount rate	7.6	15.3	7.9	15.7

The following table provides the weighted-average interest rates for the liability for future policy benefits.

March 31, 2023 March 31, 2022
(In thousands) Life
Insurance Home Service
Insurance Life
Insurance Home Service
Insurance
Permanent
Original discount rate 4.92 % 4.99 % 4.93 % 5.01 %
Current discount rate 4.86 % 5.09 % 3.43 % 3.68 %
Permanent Limited Pay
Original discount rate 4.30 % 5.05 % 4.33 % 5.06 %
Current discount rate 4.85 % 5.08 % 3.38 % 3.67 %


	June 30, 2023				June 30, 2022
	Life Insurance		Home Service Insurance		Life Insurance		Home Service Insurance
Permanent
Interest rate at original discount rate	4.91	%	4.98	%	4.95	%	5.02	%
Interest rate at current discount rate	5.02	%	5.09	%	4.40	%	4.60	%
Permanent Limited Pay
Interest rate at original discount rate	4.30	%	5.04	%	4.32	%	5.06	%
Interest rate at current discount rate	4.99	%	5.09	%	4.36	%	4.59	%

~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 30~~

~~Table of Contents~~


~~CITIZENS, INC~~.	~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
		~~(Unaudited~~)

LIABILITY FOR POLICYHOLDERS’ ACCOUNT BALANCES

The following table presents the policyholders' account balances by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates and the related range of the difference, in basis points, between rates being credited and the respective guaranteed minimums.


March 31, 2023		At Guaranteed Minimum		1 Basis Point-50 Basis Points Above	51 Basis Points-150 Basis Points Above	Greater Than 150 Basis Points Above	Total
(In thousands)	Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate
Life Insurance:
SCWOLC (1)	0.00% - 1.49%	$	—	—	—	—	—
	1.50% - 2.99%	1,452		—	—	—	1,452
	3.00% - 4.49%	33,940		—	—	—	33,940
	Greater or equal to 4.50%	134		—	—	—	134
	Total	$	35,526	—	—	—	35,526

Fixed annuity	0.00% - 1.49%	$	197	—	1,144	—	1,341
	1.50% - 2.99%	13,078		—	59	—	13,137
	3.00% - 4.49%	21,568		10	—	—	21,578
	Greater or equal to 4.50%	30,944		—	—	—	30,944
	Total	$	65,787	10	1,203	—	67,000

Dividend accumulations	0.00% - 1.49%	$	239	—	—	3,499	3,738
	1.50% - 2.99%	11,144		551	7	—	11,702
	3.00% - 4.49%	26,985		—	—	—	26,985
	Greater or equal to 4.50%	3		—	—	—	3
	Total	$	38,371	551	7	3,499	42,428

Premiums paid in advance	0.00% - 1.49%	$	—	—	—	34,122	34,122
	1.50% - 2.99%	—		—	—	—	—
	3.00% - 4.49%	—		—	—	—	—
	Greater or equal to 4.50%	—		—	—	—	—
	Total	$	—	—	—	34,122	34,122

Home Service Insurance:
SCWOLC (1)	0.00% - 1.49%	$	4	—	—	—	4
	1.50% - 2.99%	250		—	—	—	250
	3.00% - 4.49%	55		—	—	—	55
	Greater or equal to 4.50%	—		—	—	—	—
	Total	$	309	—	—	—	309

Fixed annuity	0.00% - 1.49%	$	296	—	—	392	688
	1.50% - 2.99%	—		—	—	—	—
	3.00% - 4.49%	18,696		—	—	—	18,696
	Greater or equal to 4.50%	777		—	—	—	777
	Total	$	19,769	—	—	392	20,161

Dividend accumulations	0.00% - 1.49%	$	—	—	—	173	173
	1.50% - 2.99%	5		42	—	—	47
	3.00% - 4.49%	20		—	—	—	20
	Greater or equal to 4.50%	—		—	—	—	—
	Total	$	25	42	—	173	240

									At Guaranteed Minimum		1 Basis Point-50 Basis Points Above	51 Basis Points-150 Basis Points Above	Greater Than 150 Basis Points Above	Total

(1) Supplemental Contracts Without Life Contingencies
June 30, 2023 (In thousands)								June 30, 2023 (In thousands)	At Guaranteed Minimum		1 Basis Point-50 Basis Points Above	51 Basis Points-150 Basis Points Above	Greater Than 150 Basis Points Above	Total
Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rates								Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rates
0.00% - 1.49%								0.00% - 1.49%	$	749	—	1,131	37,814	39,694
1.50% - 2.99%								1.50% - 2.99%	28,207		616	62	—	28,885
3.00% - 4.49%								3.00% - 4.49%	103,006		10	—	—	103,016
Greater or equal to 4.50%								Greater or equal to 4.50%	31,560		—	—	—	31,560
Total								Total	$	163,522	626	1,193	37,814	203,155

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 31

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

March 31, 2022 At Guaranteed Minimum 1 Basis Point-50 Basis Points Above 51 Basis Points-150 Basis Points Above Greater Than 150 Basis Points Above Total
(In thousands) Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate
Life Insurance:
SCWOLC (1)
0.00% - 1.49% $ — — — — —
1.50% - 2.99% 256 — — — 256
3.00% - 4.49% 24,862 — — — 24,862
Greater or equal to 4.50% 145 — — — 145
Total $ 25,263 — — — 25,263
Fixed annuity 0.00% - 1.49% $ 203 — 813 — 1,016
1.50% - 2.99% 10,584 — 12 — 10,596
3.00% - 4.49% 21,976 9 — — 21,985
Greater or equal to 4.50% 30,662 — — — 30,662
Total $ 63,425 9 825 — 64,259
Dividend accumulations 0.00% - 1.49% $ 250 — — 3,529 3,779
1.50% - 2.99% 8,501 533 11 — 9,045
3.00% - 4.49% 25,507 — — — 25,507
Greater or equal to 4.50% 3 — — — 3
Total $ 34,261 533 11 3,529 38,334
Premiums paid in advance 0.00% - 1.49% $ — — — 37,922 37,922
1.50% - 2.99% — — — — —
3.00% - 4.49% — — — — —
Greater or equal to 4.50% — — — — —
Total $ — — — 37,922 37,922
Home Service Insurance:
SCWOLC (1)
0.00% - 1.49% $ 6 — — — 6
1.50% - 2.99% 249 — — — 249
3.00% - 4.49% 49 — — — 49
Greater or equal to 4.50% — — — — —
Total $ 304 — — — 304
Fixed annuity 0.00% - 1.49% $ 284 — — 408 692
1.50% - 2.99% — — — — —
3.00% - 4.49% 18,743 — — — 18,743
Greater or equal to 4.50% 903 — — — 903
Total $ 19,930 — — 408 20,338
Dividend accumulations 0.00% - 1.49% $ — — — 173 173
1.50% - 2.99% 5 44 — — 49
3.00% - 4.49% 19 — — — 19
Greater or equal to 4.50% — — — — —
Total $ 24 44 — 173 241
(1) Supplemental Contracts Without Life Contingencies

~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 32~~


	At Guaranteed Minimum		1 Basis Point-50 Basis Points Above	51 Basis Points-150 Basis Points Above	Greater Than 150 Basis Points Above	Total
June 30, 2022 (In thousands)
Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rates
0.00% - 1.49%	$	715	—	768	41,087	42,570
1.50% - 2.99%	20,857		592	23	—	21,472
3.00% - 4.49%	94,093		10	—	—	94,103
Greater or equal to 4.50%	31,750		—	—	—	31,750
Total	$	147,415	602	791	41,087	189,895

~~Table of Contents~~


~~CITIZENS, INC~~.	~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
		~~(Unaudited~~)

The following tables summarize balances of and changes in policyholders' account balances.


March 31, 2023 (In thousands)		SCWOLC (1)			Fixed Annuity		Dividend Accumulations		Premiums Paid in Advance
Life Insurance:
June 30, 2023 (In thousands, except for %)											June 30, 2023 (In thousands, except for %)	Supplemental Contracts Without Life Contingencies			Fixed Annuity		Dividend Accumulations		Premiums Paid in Advance
Balance, beginning of year	Balance, beginning of year	$	32,667		66,543		41,424		34,603		Balance, beginning of year	$	32,995		86,807		41,663		34,603
Issuances	Issuances	4,788			536		147		905		Issuances	10,989			1,515		298		2,043
Premiums received	Premiums received	18			1,025		1,383		145		Premiums received	49			2,147		2,816		515

Interest credited	Interest credited	341			536		322		226		Interest credited	724			1,335		670		998

Less:	Less:										Less:
Surrenders and withdrawals	Surrenders and withdrawals	—			1,640		848		1,757		Surrenders and withdrawals	—			5,246		2,063		4,339
Benefit payments	Benefit payments	2,288			—		—		—		Benefit payments	5,364			—		—		—
Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	$	35,526		67,000		42,428		34,122		Balance, end of period	$	39,393		86,558		43,384		33,820
Weighted-average crediting rates	Weighted-average crediting rates	4.10		%	3.70	%	3.49	%	3.00	%	Weighted-average crediting rates	4.03		%	3.57	%	3.05	%	2.97	%

Cash surrender value	Cash surrender value	$	35,526		67,000		42,428		34,122		Cash surrender value	$	39,393		86,558		43,384		33,820

Home Service Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year		$	328		20,264		239		—
Issuances		—			227		1		—
Premiums received		—			145		1		—

Interest credited		2			132		2		—

Less:
Surrenders and withdrawals		—			607		3		—
Benefit payments		21			—		—		—
Balance, end of period		$	309		20,161		240		—
Weighted-average crediting rates		2.20		%	3.10	%	3.09	%	4.00	%

Cash surrender value		$	309		20,161		240		—

Consolidated:
Balance, beginning of year		$	32,995		86,807		41,663		34,603
Issuances		4,788			763		148		905
Premiums received		18			1,170		1,384		145

Interest credited		343			668		324		226

Less:
Surrenders and withdrawals		—			2,247		851		1,757
Benefit payments		2,309			—		—		—
Balance, end of period		$	35,835		87,161		42,668		34,122
Weighted-average crediting rates		4.05		%	3.57	%	3.05	%	2.98	%

Cash surrender value		$	35,835		87,161		42,668		34,122

(1) Supplemental Contracts Without Life Contingencies


June 30, 2022 (In thousands, except for %)	Supplemental Contracts Without Life Contingencies			Fixed Annuity		Dividend Accumulations		Premiums Paid in Advance
Balance, beginning of year	$	23,950		83,917		37,760		38,875
Issuances	5,499			1,577		267		1,138
Premiums received	26			2,352		2,694		332

Interest credited	490			1,314		591		521

Less:
Surrenders and withdrawals	—			3,981		1,690		3,911
Benefit payments	1,826			—		—		—
Balance, end of period	$	28,139		85,179		39,622		36,955
Weighted-average crediting rates	4.08		%	3.60	%	3.08	%	3.07	%

Cash surrender value	$	28,139		85,179		39,622		36,955

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 33

~~Table of Contents~~


~~CITIZENS, INC~~.	~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
		~~(Unaudited~~)

March 31, 2022
(In thousands)
SCWOLC (1)
Fixed Annuity Dividend
Accumulations Premiums Paid in Advance
Life Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year $ 23,628 63,591 37,513 38,875
Issuances 2,392 604 123 469
Premiums received 12 995 1,264 132
Interest credited 232 517 292 275
Less:
Surrenders and withdrawals — 1,448 858 1,829
Benefit payments 1,001 — — —
Balance, end of period $ 25,263 64,259 38,334 37,922
Weighted-average crediting rates 4.11 % 3.76 % 3.50 % 3.09 %
Cash surrender value $ 25,263 64,259 38,334 37,922
Home Service Insurance:
Balance, beginning of year $ 322 20,326 247 —
Issuances 10 213 3 —
Premiums received — 189 1 —
Interest credited 2 140 2 —
Less:
Surrenders and withdrawals — 530 12 —
Benefit payments 30 — — —
Balance, end of period $ 304 20,338 241 —
Weighted-average crediting rates 2.13 % 3.11 % 3.10 % 4.00 %
Cash surrender value $ 304 20,338 241 —
Consolidated:
Balance, beginning of year $ 23,950 83,917 37,760 38,875
Issuances 2,402 817 126 469
Premiums received 12 1,184 1,265 132
Interest credited 234 657 294 275
Less:
Surrenders and withdrawals — 1,978 870 1,829
Benefit payments 1,031 — — —
Balance, end of period $ 25,567 84,597 38,575 37,922
Weighted-average crediting rates 4.08 % 3.60 % 3.08 % 3.09 %
Cash surrender value $ 25,567 84,597 38,575 37,922
(1) Supplemental Contracts Without Life Contingencies

~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 34~~32

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

The following table reconciles policyholders' account balances shown above to the policyholders' account ~~balances'~~balances liability in the consolidated balance ~~sheet.~~sheets.


As of June 30, (In thousands)									As of June 30, (In thousands)	2023		2022
Annuities:									Annuities:
Supplemental contracts without life contingencies									Supplemental contracts without life contingencies	$	39,393	28,139
Fixed annuity									Fixed annuity	86,558		85,179
Unearned revenue reserve									Unearned revenue reserve	1,534		1,605

Total annuities									Total annuities	$	127,485	114,923

		March 31, 2023				March 31, 2022
(In thousands)		Life Insurance		Home Service Insurance	Consolidated	Life Insurance	Home Service Insurance	Consolidated
Annuities:
SCWOLC (1)		$	35,526	309	35,835	25,263	304	25,567
Fixed annuity		67,000		20,161	87,161	64,259	20,338	84,597
Unearned revenue reserve		—		1,531	1,531	—	1,588	1,588
Other		1		—	1	—	(1)	(1)
Total annuities		$	102,527	22,001	124,528	89,522	22,229	111,751
(1) Supplemental Contracts Without Life Contingencies

Dividend Accumulations:
Dividend accumulations		$	42,428	240	42,668	38,334	241	38,575
Other		1		(1)	—	—	—	—
Total dividend accumulations		$	42,429	239	42,668	38,334	241	38,575

Premiums Paid in Advance:	Premiums Paid in Advance:								Premiums Paid in Advance:
Premiums paid in advance	Premiums paid in advance	$	34,122	—	34,122	37,922	—	37,922	Premiums paid in advance	$	33,820	36,955
Other	Other	2,294		281	2,575	2,180	331	2,511	Other	2,612		2,681
Total premiums paid in advance	Total premiums paid in advance	$	36,416	281	36,697	40,102	331	40,433	Total premiums paid in advance	$	36,432	39,636

(7) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

LITIGATION AND REGULATORY ACTIONS

From time to time, we are subject to legal and regulatory actions relating to our business. We may incur defense costs, including attorneys' fees, and other direct litigation costs associated with defending claims. If we suffer an adverse judgment as a result of litigation claims, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, CICA International is committed to fund investments up to ~~$35.6~~$33.0 million related to limited partnerships previously described.

CREDIT FACILITY

On May 5, 2021, the Company entered into a $20 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) with Regions Bank ("Regions"). The Credit Facility has a three-year term, maturing on May 5, 2024, and allows the Company to borrow up to $20 million for working capital purposes, capital expenditures and other corporate purposes.

Revolving loans may be requested by the Company in aggregate minimum principal amounts of $0.5 million per loan. At the Company's election, the revolving loans may either bear a base rate, which is 1.75% plus a base rate

~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 35~~

~~Table of Contents~~


~~CITIZENS, INC~~.	~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS~~
		~~(Unaudited~~)

(a (a fluctuating rate per annum) equal to the greatest of (a) Regions' prime rate, (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, ~~(c) the one-month LIBOR rate plus 1%, and (d) 0.75%;~~ or ~~an adjusted LIBOR rate, which is 2.75% plus an adjusted LIBOR rate but cannot be less than~~(c) 0.75%. The Company is required to pay Regions an annual commitment fee of 0.375% of the unused portion of the Credit Facility in quarterly installments, which the Company expenses as it is incurred. Regions informed the Company that after June 30, 2023, the United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority will no longer publish a LIBOR rate that may be used as the benchmark interest rate index. Regions will transition to a replacement interest rate index on any future draws.

Obligations under the Credit Facility are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company other than the equity interests in all of the regulated insurance subsidiaries, real estate owned by the Company, and other limited exceptions. The Credit Facility contains customary events of default and financial, affirmative and negative covenants, including but not limited to restrictions on indebtedness, liens, investments, asset dispositions and restricted payments. As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, the Company had not borrowed any funds against the Credit Facility and was not in violation of any covenants.

June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 33

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CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

(8) STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND RESTRICTIONS

STOCK

Our Restated and Amended Articles of Incorporation authorize the issuance of 127,000,000 shares, of which 100,000,000 shares shall be Class A common stock, 2,000,000 shares shall be Class B common stock, and 25,000,000 shall be preferred stock. The two authorized classes of common stock are equal in all respects, except (a) each share of Class A common stock is entitled to receive twice the cash dividends paid on a per share basis to the Class B common stock, if any; and (b) the holders of the Class B common stock have the exclusive right to elect a simple majority of the Board of Directors of Citizens. In April 2021, we repurchased all of the outstanding Class B common stock, which is now classified as treasury stock. As a result, all of the directors are elected by the holders of the Class A common stock. Citizens has never issued any preferred stock.

A summary of the change in number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock and treasury stock issued is as follows:


		Three Months Ended March 31,							Six Months Ended June 30,
		2023			2022				2023			2022
(In thousands)	(In thousands)	Common Stock		Treasury	Common Stock		Treasury	(In thousands)	Common Stock		Treasury	Common Stock		Treasury
		Class A	Class B	Stock	Class A	Class B	Stock		Class A	Class B	Stock	Class A	Class B	Stock
Balance at beginning of year	Balance at beginning of year	53,758	1,002	4,937	53,170	1,002	4,138	Balance at beginning of year	53,758	1,002	4,937	53,170	1,002	4,138
Stock issued under stock investment plan	Stock issued under stock investment plan	—	—	—	345	—	—	Stock issued under stock investment plan	—	—	—	475	—	—
Stock issued for compensation	Stock issued for compensation	34	—	—	18	—	—	Stock issued for compensation	106	—	—	81	—	—
Acquisition of Class A shares								Acquisition of Class A shares	—	—	325	—	—	392

Other share issuance								Other share issuance	—	—	—	16	—	—
Balance at end of period	Balance at end of period	53,792	1,002	4,937	53,533	1,002	4,138	Balance at end of period	53,864	1,002	5,262	53,742	1,002	4,530

EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share.



Three Months Ended June 30,	2023		2022
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$	6,126	2,492
Net income (loss) allocated to Class A common stock	$	6,126	2,492



Denominator:
Weighted average shares of Class A outstanding - basic	49,758		50,373
Weighted average shares of Class A outstanding - diluted	50,552		51,065


Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock	$	0.12	0.05

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 3634

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

~~EARNINGS PER SHARE~~

~~The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share.~~


Three Months Ended March 31,		2023				2022
Six Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,	2023				2022
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	(In thousands, except per share amounts)			2023				2022		(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:	Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:					Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Numerator:	Numerator:						Numerator:
Net income (loss)	Net income (loss)	$	4,872			6,449	Net income (loss)	$	10,998		8,941

Net income (loss) allocated to Class A common stock	Net income (loss) allocated to Class A common stock	$	4,872			6,449	Net income (loss) allocated to Class A common stock	$	10,998		8,941

Denominator:	Denominator:						Denominator:
Weighted average shares of Class A outstanding - basic	Weighted average shares of Class A outstanding - basic	49,840				50,236	Weighted average shares of Class A outstanding - basic	49,791			50,278
Weighted average shares of Class A outstanding - diluted	Weighted average shares of Class A outstanding - diluted	50,609				50,906	Weighted average shares of Class A outstanding - diluted	50,584			50,970

Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock	Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock	$	0.10			0.13	Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share of Class A common stock	$	0.22		0.18

CAPITAL AND SURPLUS

Each of our regulated insurance subsidiaries is required to meet stipulated regulatory capital requirements. These include capital requirements imposed by the U.S. National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC") and the Bermuda Monetary Authority ("BMA"). All domestic insurance subsidiaries exceeded the minimum capital requirements at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023.

In order to minimize the risk of a shortfall in capital arising from an unexpected adverse deviation or excess risk, the BMA has established a threshold capital level (termed the Target Capital Level ("TCL")), which is set at 120% of a company’s enhanced capital requirement. The TCL serves as an early warning tool for the BMA. As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, CICA International was above the TCL threshold. At the request of the BMA, on April 15, 2021, Citizens and CICA International entered into a Keep Well Agreement. The Keep Well Agreement requires Citizens to contribute up to $10 million in capital to CICA International as necessary to ensure that CICA International has a minimum capital level of 120% (equal to the TCL). Since CICA International’s capital level currently exceeds 120%, Citizens is not required to make a capital contribution.

CICA International had previously been granted a permitted practice by the BMA to report its fixed income maturity securities at amortized cost in its unconsolidated statutory financial statements. This permitted practice has expired.

~~CICA~~ PR is a Puerto Rico domiciled company. The Insurance Code of Puerto Rico does not specifically set forth minimum capital and surplus standards, but rather requires that an insurer submit a business plan for approval to the Office of the Commissioner of Insurance ("OIC") that includes proposed minimum capital and surplus. CICA PR is required to maintain a minimum of $750,000 in capital and maintain a premium to surplus ratio of 7 to 1. CICA PR began issuing new business as of January 1, 2023 and since higher costs are associated with new business than renewal business (e.g., first year commissions), we expect that Citizens will have to contribute capital to CICA PR ~~in the foreseeable future~~ in order to maintain the required premium to surplus ratio.

(9) SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company has two reportable segments: Life Insurance and Home Service Insurance. Our Life Insurance segment issues endowment contracts, which are principally accumulation contracts that incorporate an element of life insurance protection and ordinary whole life insurance, to non-U.S. residents through CICA International and, beginning January 1, 2023, CICA PR. These contracts are designed to provide a fixed amount of insurance coverage over the life of the insured and may utilize rider benefits to provide additional coverage and annuity benefits to enhance accumulations. CICA issues ordinary whole life, life products with living benefits, critical illness, credit life and disability policies throughout the U.S. and CNLIC issued ordinary whole life and critical illness policies through June 30, 2023. CNLIC merged into CICA on July 1, 2023.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 3735

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

benefits to enhance accumulations. Domestically, we currently offer whole life, credit life, credit disability, and critical illness products. The critical illness products are sold in Texas and Florida through CICA and CNLIC. Both CICA and CNLIC also service whole life and accident and health policies primarily in the Southern U.S., Midwest and Mountain West.

Our Home Service Insurance segment operates through our subsidiaries SPLIC, MGLIC and SPFIC, and focuses on the life insurance needs of the middle- and lower-income markets, primarily in Louisiana, Mississippi and Arkansas. Our policies are sold and serviced through funeral homes and independent agents who sell policies, collect premiums and service policyholders. Our Home Service Insurance segment also ~~sells~~sold property insurance policies in ~~Louisiana.~~Louisiana and Arkansas until operations were ceased effective June 30, 2023.

The Life Insurance and Home Service Insurance portions of the Company constitute separate businesses. In addition to the Life Insurance and Home Service Insurance ~~business,~~businesses, the Company also operates other non-insurance portions of the Company ("Other Non-Insurance Enterprises"), which primarily include the Company’s IT and ~~Corporate-support~~corporate-support functions.

The accounting policies of the reportable segments and Other Non-Insurance Enterprises are presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP and are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in our Form 10-K. The Company evaluates profit and loss performance based on U.S. GAAP net income (loss) before federal income taxes for its two reportable segments. The Company's Other Non-Insurance Enterprises is the only reportable difference between segments and consolidated operations.



	Life Insurance		Home Service Insurance	Other Non-Insurance Enterprises	Consolidated
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
(In thousands)

Revenues:
Premiums	$	28,773	10,953	—	39,726
Net investment income	13,498		3,450	293	17,241
Investment related gains (losses), net	738		(12)	(23)	703
Other income	856		1	—	857
Total revenues	43,865		14,392	270	58,527
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders	26,968		5,808	—	32,776
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves	(1,863)		919	—	(944)
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss	885		71	—	956
Policyholders' dividends	1,255		6	—	1,261
Total insurance benefits paid or provided	27,245		6,804	—	34,049
Commissions	4,765		4,118	—	8,883
Other general expenses	5,646		4,299	2,323	12,268
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	(4,457)		(2,087)	—	(6,544)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	3,167		507	—	3,674
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	26		127	—	153
Total benefits and expenses	36,392		13,768	2,323	52,483
Income (loss) before federal income tax	$	7,473	624	(2,053)	6,044

Life Insurance Home Service Insurance Other Non-Insurance Enterprises Consolidated
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(In thousands)
Revenues:
Premiums $ 26,207 12,042 — 38,249
Net investment income 13,311 3,470 293 17,074
Investment related gains (losses), net (437) 99 50 (288)
Other income (loss) 879 — — 879
Total revenues 39,960 15,611 343 55,914
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders 24,439 5,860 — 30,299
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves (1,820) 842 — (978)
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss 816 64 — 880
Policyholders' dividends 1,101 7 — 1,108
Total insurance benefits paid or provided 24,536 6,773 — 31,309
Commissions 4,759 4,254 — 9,013
Other general expenses 5,459 4,468 1,333 11,260
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs (4,360) (1,998) — (6,358)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs 3,162 652 — 3,814
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired 32 129 — 161
Total benefits and expenses 33,588 14,278 1,333 49,199
Income (loss) before federal income tax $ 6,372 1,333 (990) 6,715

June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 36

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)


	Life Insurance		Home Service Insurance	Other Non-Insurance Enterprises	Consolidated
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
(In thousands)

Revenues:
Premiums	$	54,980	22,995	—	77,975
Net investment income	26,809		6,920	586	34,315
Investment related gains (losses), net	301		87	27	415
Other income	1,735		1	—	1,736
Total revenues	83,825		30,003	613	114,441
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders	51,407		11,668	—	63,075
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves	(3,683)		1,761	—	(1,922)
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss	1,701		135	—	1,836
Policyholders' dividends	2,356		13	—	2,369
Total insurance benefits paid or provided	51,781		13,577	—	65,358
Commissions	9,524		8,372	—	17,896
Other general expenses	11,105		8,767	3,656	23,528
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	(8,817)		(4,085)	—	(12,902)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	6,329		1,159	—	7,488
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	58		256	—	314
Total benefits and expenses	69,980		28,046	3,656	101,682
Income (loss) before federal income tax	$	13,845	1,957	(3,043)	12,759

June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 37

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)


	Life Insurance		Home Service Insurance	Other Non-Insurance Enterprises	Consolidated
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
(In thousands)

Revenues:
Premiums	$	29,834	12,390	—	42,224
Net investment income	12,347		3,283	262	15,892
Investment related gains (losses), net	(3,984)		(925)	(107)	(5,016)
Other income	633		1	—	634
Total revenues	38,830		14,749	155	53,734
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders	21,568		5,529	—	27,097
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves	3,006		724	—	3,730
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss	580		87	—	667
Policyholders' dividends	1,509		6	—	1,515
Total insurance benefits paid or provided	26,663		6,346	—	33,009
Commissions	4,792		4,132	—	8,924
Other general expenses	5,358		3,515	1,527	10,400
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	(4,307)		(1,877)	—	(6,184)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	2,950		518	—	3,468
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	38		113	—	151
Total benefits and expenses	35,494		12,747	1,527	49,768
Income (loss) before federal income tax	$	3,336	2,002	(1,372)	3,966

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 38

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)


		Life Insurance			Home Service Insurance		Other Non-Insurance Enterprises		Consolidated		Life Insurance				Home Service Insurance			Other Non-Insurance Enterprises			Consolidated
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022						Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
(In thousands)	(In thousands)			Life Insurance				Home Service Insurance					Other Non-Insurance Enterprises			Consolidated		(In thousands)	Life Insurance			Home Service Insurance			Other Non-Insurance Enterprises		Consolidated

Revenues:	Revenues:					Revenues:
Premiums	Premiums	$	26,931				12,433				—				39,364	Premiums	$	56,765		24,823			—			81,588
Net investment income	Net investment income	11,971				3,244			272			15,487		Net investment income	24,318			6,527			534			31,379
Investment related gains (losses), net	Investment related gains (losses), net	(293)			(242)		(47)		(582)	Investment related gains (losses), net	(4,277)				(1,167)			(154)			(5,598)
Other income (loss)		1,088			—		—		1,088
Other income										Other income	1,721				1			—			1,722
Total revenues	Total revenues	39,697			15,435		225		55,357	Total revenues	78,527				30,184			380			109,091
Benefits and expenses:	Benefits and expenses:									Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:	Insurance benefits paid or provided:									Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders	Claims and surrenders	21,458			6,976		—		28,434	Claims and surrenders	43,026				12,505			—			55,531
Increase in future policy benefit reserves		1,376			(1,262)		—		114
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves										Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves	4,382				(538)			—			3,844
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss	Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss	414			254		—		668	Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss	994				341			—			1,335
Policyholders' dividends	Policyholders' dividends	1,350			3		—		1,353	Policyholders' dividends	2,859				9			—			2,868
Total insurance benefits paid or provided	Total insurance benefits paid or provided	24,598			5,971		—		30,569	Total insurance benefits paid or provided	51,261				12,317			—			63,578
Commissions	Commissions	3,806			3,867		—		7,673	Commissions	8,598				7,999			—			16,597
Other general expenses	Other general expenses	5,691			4,350		989		11,030	Other general expenses	11,049				7,865			2,516			21,430
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	(3,306)			(1,475)		—		(4,781)	Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	(7,613)				(3,352)			—			(10,965)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	3,020			539		—		3,559	Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	5,970				1,057			—			7,027
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	24			105		—		129	Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	62				218			—			280
Total benefits and expenses	Total benefits and expenses	33,833			13,357		989		48,179	Total benefits and expenses	69,327				26,104			2,516			97,947
Income (loss) before federal income tax	Income (loss) before federal income tax	$	5,864		2,078		(764)		7,178	Income (loss) before federal income tax	$	9,200			4,080			(2,136)			11,144

(10) INCOME TAXES

The effective tax rate is the ratio of tax expense (benefit) over pre-tax income (loss). The effective tax rate was ~~27.4%~~(1.4)% and 13.8% for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, compared to ~~10.2%~~37.2% and 19.8% for the same ~~period~~periods in 2022, respectively. CICA International is considered a controlled foreign corporation for federal tax purposes. As a result, the insurance activity of CICA International is subject to Subpart F of the Internal Revenue Code and is included in Citizens’ taxable income. Due to the 0% enacted tax rate in Bermuda, there are no deferred taxes recorded for CICA International's temporary differences. The effective tax rate varies from the prevailing corporate federal income tax rate of 21.0% mainly due to the impact of Subpart F and uncertain tax positions.

At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, we determined it was more likely than not that a portion of our capital deferred tax assets would not be realized in their entirety. The Company recorded a valuation allowance of ~~$3.7~~$3.9 million through Other Comprehensive Income (Loss).

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 39

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
		(Unaudited)

(11) OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The changes in the components of other comprehensive income (loss) are reported net of the effects of income taxes of 21% as of the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and 2022, as indicated below.


Three Months Ended June 30,									Three Months Ended June 30,	2023				2022
(In thousands)									(In thousands)	Amount		Tax Effect	Total	Amount	Tax Effect	Total
Unrealized gains (losses):									Unrealized gains (losses):
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period									Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period	$	(20,430)	1,111	(19,319)	(119,531)	4,435	(115,096)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income									Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income	24		(5)	19	(24)	5	(19)
Unrealized holding gains (losses), net									Unrealized holding gains (losses), net	(20,406)		1,106	(19,300)	(119,555)	4,440	(115,115)
Change in current discount rate for liability for future policy benefits									Change in current discount rate for liability for future policy benefits	6,251		151	6,402	120,437	(9,074)	111,363
Other comprehensive income (loss)									Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(14,155)	1,257	(12,898)	882	(4,634)	(3,752)

Three Months Ended March 31,		2023				2022
Six Months Ended June 30,									Six Months Ended June 30,	2023				2022
(In thousands)	(In thousands)	Amount		Tax Effect	Total	Amount	Tax Effect	Total	(In thousands)	Amount		Tax Effect	Total	Amount	Tax Effect	Total
Unrealized gains (losses):	Unrealized gains (losses):								Unrealized gains (losses):
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period	Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period	$	43,436	(2,280)	41,156	(132,765)	8,957	(123,808)	Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period	$	23,006	(1,169)	21,837	(252,296)	13,392	(238,904)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income	Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income	38		(8)	30	59	(12)	47	Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income	62		(13)	49	35	(7)	28
Unrealized holding gains (losses), net	Unrealized holding gains (losses), net	43,474		(2,288)	41,186	(132,706)	8,945	(123,761)	Unrealized holding gains (losses), net	23,068		(1,182)	21,886	(252,261)	13,385	(238,876)
Change in current discount rate for liability for future policy benefits	Change in current discount rate for liability for future policy benefits	(20,480)		873	(19,607)	151,607	(10,657)	140,950	Change in current discount rate for liability for future policy benefits	(14,229)		1,024	(13,205)	272,044	(19,731)	252,313

Other comprehensive income (loss)	Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	22,994	(1,415)	21,579	18,901	(1,712)	17,189	Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	8,839	(158)	8,681	19,783	(6,346)	13,437

(12) RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Company has various routine related party transactions in conjunction with our holding company structure, such as a management service agreement related to costs incurred, a tax sharing agreement between entities, and inter-company dividends and capital contributions. There were no changes related to these relationships during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023. See our Form 10-K for a comprehensive discussion of related party transactions.

(13) SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company has a plan of disposal to cease operations for its property insurance business on June 30, 2023. The property insurance business operates through SPFIC and represented less than 1% of the Company’s total consolidated assets as of March 31, 2023 and less than 2% of the Company's total consolidated revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The Company has evaluated the impact of subsequent events as defined by the accounting guidance through the date this report was issued and determined that no other significant subsequent events need to be recognized or disclosed at this time.

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CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Item 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This section and other parts of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ("Form 10-Q") contain forward-looking statements, within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, that involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements provide current expectations of future events based on certain assumptions and include any statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact. Forward-looking statements can also be identified by words such as “future,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “can,” “may,” and similar terms. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and the Company’s actual results may differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions including those factors discussed in the "Risk Factors" contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, which are incorporated herein by reference.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q. The Company assumes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by law.

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including the Company, that file electronically with the SEC. The public can obtain any documents that the Company files with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. We also make available, free of charge, through our website (http://www.citizensinc.com), our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, Section 16 Reports filed by officers and directors, news releases, and, if applicable, amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such reports with, or furnish such reports to, the SEC. We are not including any of the information contained on our website as part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this Form 10-Q.

OVERVIEW

For almost 50 years, we have been fulfilling the needs of our policyholders and their families by providing insurance products that offer both living and death benefits. Citizens conducts insurance related operations through its insurance subsidiaries, which provide benefits to residents in 32 U.S. states and ~~more than 70~~over 75 different countries. We specialize in offering primarily ordinary whole life insurance, endowment products and final expense insurance in niche markets where we believe we can optimize our competitive position.

As an insurance provider, we collect premiums on an ongoing basis from our policyholders and invest the majority of the premiums to pay future benefits, including claims and surrenders and policyholder dividends. Accordingly, the Company derives its revenues principally from: (1) life insurance premiums earned for insurance coverages provided to insureds in our two operating segments – Life Insurance and Home Service Insurance; and (2) net investment income. In addition to paying and reserving for insurance benefits that we pay to our policyholders, our expenses consist primarily of the costs of selling our insurance products (e.g., commissions, underwriting, marketing expenses), operating expenses and income taxes.

Objective of our Management's Discussion and Analysis

We refer to our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations as our “MD&A”. The objective of our MD&A is to provide investors with information in order to assess the material changes in our financial condition from December 31, 2022 to ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and the material changes in our results of operations for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 as compared to the same ~~period~~periods in 2022. We also discuss in the MD&A any trends that we believe may materially affect our future operations or financial condition. Prior year amounts have been revised to reflect the implementation ASU 2018-12 as noted in Part I, Item 1, Note 1. ~~Financial Statements - "Significant Accounting Policies~~" ~~and~~ ~~Note~~ ~~2. Accounting Pronouncements~~ ~~in the notes to our consolidated financial statements.~~

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Financial Statements - "Significant Accounting Policies" and Note 2. Accounting Pronouncements in the notes to our consolidated financial statements.

The Factors that Drive our Operating Results

We see the following as the primary factors that drive our operating results:

•Sales (i.e., premium revenues)

•Investments

•Claims and surrenders

•Operating expenses

Premium revenues and investment income are our two primary sources of income and thus key to our profitability.

Premium revenues consist of both new sales (first year premiums) and "resells" (i.e., retaining the policy), which lead to renewal premiums. As we ceased operations in our property insurance business effective June 30, 2023, the premiums charts below only reflect life insurance and accident and health insurance ("A&H") premium results.

Our ~~total~~ first year life and A&H premiums increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 by ~~24%~~4% and 14%, respectively, due primarily to a new ~~whole life product that was introduced last year~~products available for sale in ~~our international markets, as well as~~both segments supported by focused marketing ~~campaigns across both of our insurance segments.~~campaigns.

Our ~~total~~ renewal life and A&H premium revenues decreased in the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 ~~compared to the prior year period~~by 4% primarily due to the impact ~~from~~of a higher level of surrenders during the last few years and ~~from~~increased matured endowment benefits, which we expected due to contractual expiration dates.

Our net investment income increased for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same prior year period due to the higher interest rate environment and investment income from our limited partnerships.

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Our net investment income increased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 by 8% and 9%, respectively, compared to the same prior year periods due to a higher average portfolio yield resulting from the higher interest rate environment and investment income from our limited partnerships.

Payment of policyholder benefits for claims and surrenders is our largest expense and thus also key to our profitability. The three main components of this expense are reflected in the graphs above. In the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 ~~our death claim benefits decreased~~ compared to the prior year ~~period~~periods:

•Death claim benefits decreased due to a lower number of reported death claims. ~~Our surrenders were flat in the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared~~

•Surrenders increased, which we believe is due to the ~~prior year period. As expected, matured~~number of our international life policies that are nearing maturity and carry little to no surrender charges.

•Matured endowments increased as expected due to many of our endowment policies ~~are~~ reaching their contractual maturity dates.

~~Operating expenses are our second largest expense and thus also drive our operating results.Our general operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased slightly compared to the prior year period.~~

~~FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS~~

Our net income was $4.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to net income of $6.4 million in the prior year period. The decline in net income is primarily driven by lower renewal year premiums, higher federal income tax expense and higher insurance benefits paid or provided, which is partially offset by higher net investment income and lower investment related losses. Our net income per share of Class A common stock was $0.10 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $0.13 in prior year period.

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CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

~~Consolidated Revenue Highlights~~ 549755821473

~~Insurance premiums and investment income~~Operating expenses are our ~~primary sources of revenue. Collectively, insurance premiums~~second largest expense and ~~investment income were flat in~~thus also drive our operating results. Our general operating expenses for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 asincreased compared to the ~~same period in 2022.~~prior year periods. The increase was primarily driven by costs related to strategic growth initiatives, costs related to moving our international business from Bermuda to Puerto Rico and higher employee benefit costs.

•
~~Insurance premiums decreased by $1.1~~

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

Our net income was $6.1 million ~~or 2.8%. While first year premiums increased this was more than offset by a decline in renewal year premiums.~~

•~~Net investment income increased by $1.6~~and $11.0 million ~~or 10.2%~~ for the ~~same reasons discussed above.~~

~~Consolidated Benefits~~three and ~~Expenses Highlights~~

six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to net income of $2.5 million and $8.9 million in the prior year periods, respectively. The ~~primary use~~increase in net income is primarily driven by the improvements in the fair value of our ~~funds is~~limited partnership investments, which are recorded as investment related gains in the ~~payment of insurance benefits for claims~~current year periods versus losses during both the three and ~~surrenders~~six months ended June 30, 2022, as well as ~~our general operating expenses. In~~higher net investment income in the ~~three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, total benefits and expenses increased by $1.0 million.~~

•~~Claims and surrender benefits increased $1.9 million due primarily to increased matured endowment benefits~~current year periods. These improvements were partially offset by lower ~~death claim benefits.~~

•~~Increase in future policy~~renewal year premiums and higher insurance benefits ~~reserves decreased $1.1 million~~paid or provided, which are both primarily due to higher surrenders and matured endowments.

Our net income per share of Class A common stock was $0.12 and $0.22 for the ~~impact of reserves released from higher matured endowment benefits partially offset by increases~~three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $0.05 and $0.18 in ~~our in force block of business.~~prior year periods.

Financial Condition at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023

•Total assets of $1.6 billion

•Total investments of $1.4 billion; fixed maturity securities comprised ~~88.2%~~88% of total investments

•$~~4.8~~4.9 billion of direct insurance in force

•No debt

•Fully diluted income per share of Class A common stock of ~~$0.10~~$0.22

IMPACT OF INFLATION AND RISING INTEREST RATES

The impact of inflation, which has led to market volatility, ~~and rising interest rates,~~ has affected the fair value of our equity securities, ~~leading~~which led to investment related ~~losses.~~losses in 2022. Investment related gains and losses can cause significant fluctuations from

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period to period and are not indicative of our operating results. We believe that investment related gains and losses, whether realized from dispositions or unrealized from changes in market prices of equity securities, have no bearing in understanding our reported results or in evaluating the economic performance of our business. These gains and losses have caused, and we believe will continue to cause, significant volatility in our periodic earnings.

In addition, interest rates rose significantly in 2022 after being ultra-low for almost a ~~decade.~~decade and continue to rise in 2023. Higher interest rates typically reduce the market values of fixed income assets, as the interest payments ~~from~~on existing fixed income assets become less competitive relative to newer higher rate fixed income instruments. Because we strive to match our asset duration to our liability duration, the vast majority of our total investments are invested in longer-term fixed maturity securities. We reported pre-tax net unrealized losses of ~~$158.2~~$178.6 million on our available-for-sale securities at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023. This compares to pre-tax net unrealized losses of $201.7 million at December 31, 2022, with the year-over-year change primarily driven by market interest rates. Another impact rising interest rates may have on our business is policyholders might surrender their policy to seek higher crediting rates.

~~In addition, we~~We could experience higher surrenders and lapses and fewer sales ~~in the coming months~~ as our policyholders conserve cash due to concerns over inflation and rising costs, particularly in our Home Service Insurance segment, whose customer base is primarily middle- and lower-income individuals.

~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 44~~

~~Table of Contents~~IMPACT OF CEASING OPERATIONS OF OUR PROPERTY INSURANCE BUSINESS


~~CITIZENS, INC.~~			~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS~~

The Company made a strategic decision to exit the property insurance business on June 30, 2023. This business focused on selling limited liability property insurance policies in Louisiana and Arkansas. This decision has negatively impacted our current year premium revenues and financial results. We are contractually obligated to pay the majority of the remaining premiums for our catastrophic reinsurance through the end of 2023. Because we ceased operations at the end of the second quarter, the property insurance premium amounts reflected in our income statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 reflect the remaining amount due of $0.7 million under the reinsurance contract for 2023, and thus premium revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2023 is negative. In addition, premium revenue declined in the second quarter of 2023 once we announced to our policyholders that we would cease operations June 30, 2023.

The property insurance business operates through SPFIC and represented less than 1% of the Company’s total consolidated assets as of June 30, 2023 and less than 1% of the Company's total consolidated revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2023. This is not reported as a discontinued operation because it is immaterial to our total operations. Additionally, there were no material charges incurred in relation to the exit of our property insurance operations.

OUR OPERATING SEGMENTS

We manage our business in two operating segments: Life Insurance and Home Service Insurance.

Our insurance operations are the primary focus of the Company, as these operations generate most of our income. See the discussion under Segment Operations below for detailed analysis. The amount of insurance, ~~number of policies, and average face amounts for ordinary life policies issued during the periods indicated are shown below.~~

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 2022
Amount of
Insurance
Issued Number of
Policies
Issued Average Policy
Face Amount
Issued Amount of
Insurance
Issued Number of
Policies
Issued Average Policy
Face Amount
Issued
Ordinary Life Policies:
Life Insurance $ 83,892,034 902 $ 93,007 $ 42,524,454 633 $ 67,179
Home Service Insurance 86,437,227 6,524 13,249 54,823,369 5,431 10,095
Total $ 170,329,261 7,426 $ 97,347,823 6,064

As we previously disclosed, our strategic initiatives include the introduction of new products tailored to our specific markets. These new products helped drive the 75% increase in total insurance issued in the three months ended March 31, 2023, from $97.3 million in the first three months of 2022 to $170.3 million in 2023. The increase in total insurance issued was driven by an increase in total number of policies issued and higher average policy face amounts in both segments.

The growth in our Life Insurance segment is attributable to strong sales from our new international whole life product, which accounted for 72% of total insurance issued in this segment for the three months ended March 31, 2023. In our Home Service Insurance segment, the increase in average policy face amounts issued is attributable to sales campaigns that focused on increasing the face amount of insurance sold.

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number of policies, and average face amounts for ordinary life policies issued during the periods indicated are shown below.


Six Months Ended June 30,			2023			2022
	Amount of Insurance Issued		Number of Policies Issued	Average Policy Face Amount Issued		Amount of Insurance Issued		Number of Policies Issued	Average Policy Face Amount Issued
Ordinary Life Policies:
Life Insurance	$	175,176,911	2,040	$	85,871	$	140,351,224	1,849	$	75,907
Home Service Insurance	153,445,775		12,005	12,782		128,118,014		14,134	9,065
Total	$	328,622,686	14,045			$	268,469,238	15,983

As we previously disclosed, our strategic initiatives include the introduction of new products tailored to our specific markets. These new products helped drive the 22% increase in total insurance issued in the six months ended June 30, 2023, from $268.5 million in the first six months of 2022 to $328.6 million in 2023. The increase in total insurance issued was driven by higher average policy face amounts in both segments and an increase in total number of policies issued in our Life Insurance segment.

The growth in our Life Insurance segment is attributable to strong sales from the international whole life product introduced in 2022, which accounted for 70% of total insurance issued in this segment for the six months ended June 30, 2023. In our Home Service Insurance segment, the increase in average policy face amounts issued is attributable to sales campaigns that focused on increasing the face amount of insurance sold.

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

A discussion of consolidated results is presented below, followed by a discussion of segment operations and financial results by segment.

REVENUES

Our revenues are generated primarily by insurance renewal premiums and investment income from invested assets.


		Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
		March 31,			June 30,					June 30,
(In thousands)	(In thousands)		2023			2022	(In thousands)	2023		2022	2023	2022

Revenues:	Revenues:						Revenues:
Premiums:	Premiums:						Premiums:
Life insurance	Life insurance		$	36,934		37,746	Life insurance	$	39,292	40,761	76,226	78,507
Accident and health insurance	Accident and health insurance		358			286	Accident and health insurance	547		280	905	566
Property insurance	Property insurance		957			1,332	Property insurance	(113)		1,183	844	2,515
Net investment income	Net investment income		17,074			15,487	Net investment income	17,241		15,892	34,315	31,379
Investment related gains (losses), net	Investment related gains (losses), net		(288)			(582)	Investment related gains (losses), net	703		(5,016)	415	(5,598)
Other income	Other income		879			1,088	Other income	857		634	1,736	1,722
Total revenues	Total revenues		$	55,914		55,357	Total revenues	$	58,527	53,734	114,441	109,091

Premium Income. ~~Total~~Despite higher first year premium revenues in both segments, life insurance premium revenues decreased ~~$0.8 million for~~4% and 3% in both the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same ~~period in 2022 primarily driven by lower renewal premiums. Property insurance premiums were impacted by an increase in premiums paid for catastrophic reinsurance coverage.~~

~~Net Investment Income.~~ A~~summary of our net investment income and annualized net investment income performance are summarized as follows:~~

Three Months Ended
March 31,
(In thousands, except for %) 2023 2022
Gross investment income:
Fixed maturity securities $ 14,945 13,883
Equity securities 165 151
Policy loans 1,539 1,589
Long-term investments 921 523
Other investment income 124 21
Total investment income 17,694 16,167
Investment expenses (620) (680)
Net investment income $ 17,074 15,487
Net investment income, annualized $ 68,297 61,948
Average invested assets, at amortized cost $ 1,519,149 1,473,240
Annualized yield on average invested assets 4.50 % 4.20 %

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CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

periods in 2022 due to lower renewal premiums. Accident and health insurance premiums increased in the 2023 periods due to sales of our new critical illness products that were launched in late 2022. Property insurance premiums were negatively impacted for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the same periods in 2022 as we stopped accepting renewal premiums at the end of May and ceased our operations on June 30, 2023.

Net Investment Income. Asummary of our net investment income and annualized net investment income performance are summarized as follows:


	Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
	June 30,			June 30,
(In thousands, except for %)	2023		2022	2023			2022

Gross investment income:
Fixed maturity securities	$	15,006	14,259	29,951			28,142
Equity securities	159		144	324			295
Policy loans	1,514		1,517	3,053			3,106
Long-term investments	1,091		576	2,012			1,099
Other investment income	140		31	264			52
Total investment income	17,910		16,527	35,604			32,694
Investment expenses	(669)		(635)	(1,289)			(1,315)
Net investment income	$	17,241	15,892	34,315			31,379



Net investment income, annualized				$	68,630		62,758
Average invested assets, at amortized cost				$	1,518,827		1,476,336
Annualized yield on average invested assets				4.52		%	4.25	%

Income from our fixed maturity securities constitutes the vast majority of our net investment income, as ~~they~~these securities comprise ~~88.2%~~88% of our investment portfolio based on fair value. Our total investment income increased by ~~9.4%~~8% and 9% for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same ~~period~~periods in 2022, primarily due to a higher average portfolio yield on our fixed maturity securities in the current period. Long-term investment income increased as our private equity investment asset base grew. Our yield increased 3027 basis points to ~~4.50%~~4.52% in the first ~~three~~six months of 2023 compared to the prior year period due to the rising interest rate environment.

Investment Related Gains (Losses), Net. We recorded investment related ~~losses~~gains during the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 of ~~$0.3~~$0.7 million and $0.4 million compared to ~~$0.6~~losses of $5.0 million and $5.6 million during the same prior year ~~period.~~periods. The gains and losses are primarily related to the fair value change of our limited partnership and equity ~~security~~securities investments, ~~resulting from~~mostly in our Life Insurance segment, due to the ~~inflationary environment and~~ volatility in equity ~~markets.~~markets over the past year. We did not sell these ~~investments as~~investments; however, the changes in fair values of our equity securities are reflected as investment related gains or losses in our income statement, in addition to executed transactions that result in a gain or loss.

Other Income. Other income consists primarily of supplemental contracts issued to policyholders in our Life Insurance segment upon the surrender or maturity of their original policies.

~~BENEFITS AND EXPENSES~~
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(In thousands) 2023 2022

Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders $ 30,299 28,434
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves (978) 114
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss 880 668
Policyholders' dividends 1,108 1,353
Total insurance benefits paid or provided 31,309 30,569
Commissions 9,013 7,673
Other general expenses 11,260 11,030
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs (6,358) (4,781)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs 3,814 3,559
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired 161 129
Total benefits and expenses $ 49,199 48,179

~~Claims and surrenders benefits and other general expenses are our primary expenses. Total benefits and expenses increased in the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to same period in 2022.~~

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CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

BENEFITS AND EXPENSES


	Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
	June 30,			June 30,
(In thousands)	2023		2022	2023	2022

Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders	$	32,776	27,097	63,075	55,531
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves	(944)		3,730	(1,922)	3,844
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss	956		667	1,836	1,335
Policyholders' dividends	1,261		1,515	2,369	2,868
Total insurance benefits paid or provided	34,049		33,009	65,358	63,578
Commissions	8,883		8,924	17,896	16,597
Other general expenses	12,268		10,400	23,528	21,430
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	(6,544)		(6,184)	(12,902)	(10,965)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	3,674		3,468	7,488	7,027
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	153		151	314	280
Total benefits and expenses	$	52,483	49,768	101,682	97,947

Claims and surrenders benefits and other general expenses are our largest expenses. Total benefits and expenses increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to same period in 2022 driven by higher surrenders and matured endowments.

Claims and Surrenders.


		Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
		March 31,			June 30,					June 30,
(In thousands)	(In thousands)		2023			2022	(In thousands)	2023		2022	2023	2022

Claims and Surrenders:	Claims and Surrenders:						Claims and Surrenders:
Death claim benefits	Death claim benefits		$	5,382		7,017	Death claim benefits	$	5,636	5,873	11,018	12,890
Surrender benefits	Surrender benefits		12,316			12,259	Surrender benefits	14,990		11,607	27,306	23,866
Endowment benefits	Endowment benefits		2,109			2,134	Endowment benefits	2,076		2,152	4,185	4,286
Matured endowment benefits	Matured endowment benefits		8,765			6,134	Matured endowment benefits	9,062		6,133	17,827	12,267
Property claims	Property claims		342			142	Property claims	366		163	708	305
A&H and other policy benefits	A&H and other policy benefits		1,385			748	A&H and other policy benefits	646		1,169	2,031	1,917

Total claims and surrenders	Total claims and surrenders		$	30,299		28,434	Total claims and surrenders	$	32,776	27,097	63,075	55,531

Death claim benefits decreased ~~23.3%~~ for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 compared to the same ~~period~~periods in 2022 due primarily to a lower volume of reported death claims.

~~Matured endowment~~Surrender benefits increased ~~42.9%~~ for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 compared to the same ~~period~~periods in 2022 due to surrenders related to international policies that are nearing maturity and carry little to no surrender charges.

Matured endowment benefits increased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the same periods in 2022. We anticipated this increase based upon the contractual maturity dates of the policies.

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CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Explanation of other benefits and expenses

Increase (Decrease) in Future Policy Benefit Reserves. Future policy benefit reserves reflect the liability established to provide for the payment of policy benefits that we expect to pay in the future and thus generally increase when we have a larger in force block of business due to higher sales and better persistency (i.e., more policies on which we expect to pay future benefits) and decrease when we have lower sales and persistency. In the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, the change in future policy benefit reserves decreased compared to the same prior year ~~period due to the impact of reserves released from higher matured endowment benefits~~periods despite increases in insurance issued and increases in our in force block of business ~~policy benefit reserves.~~due to the amount of reserves released in connection with the higher matured endowments.

Commissions. Commission expenses are a cost of acquiring business, as commissions are the primary compensation paid to our independent consultants and independent agents for selling our products. First year commission rates are higher than renewal commission rates and thus commissions fluctuate directly in relation to first year sales. ~~As discussed above,~~

Other General Expenses. General expenses increased in the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, ~~we experienced a 24%~~compared to the same periods in 2022. The increase ~~in first year sales leading~~was primarily driven by costs related to ~~an increase in commissions~~strategic growth initiatives, costs related ~~expenses.~~to moving our international business from Bermuda to Puerto Rico and higher employee benefit costs.

Capitalization and Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs. Costs capitalized include certain commissions, policy issuance costs, and underwriting and agency expenses that relate to successful sales efforts for insurance contracts and thus fluctuate primarily with first year sales. Amortization is on a constant level basis for the grouped contracts over the expected term of the related contracts to approximate straight-line amortization.

SEGMENT OPERATIONS

Our business is comprised of two operating business segments, as detailed below.

•Life Insurance

•Home Service Insurance

These segments are reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The Company's Other Non-Insurance ~~enterprises~~Enterprises include non-insurance operations such as IT and corporate-support functions, which are included in the table

~~March 31, 2023 | 10-Q 48~~

~~Table of Contents~~


~~CITIZENS, INC.~~			~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS~~

presented below to properly reconcile the segment information with the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

The following table sets forth income (loss) before federal income taxes by segment during the periods indicated.


		Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
		March 31,			June 30,					June 30,
(In thousands)	(In thousands)		2023			2022	(In thousands)	2023		2022	2023	2022
Income (loss) before federal income tax expense:	Income (loss) before federal income tax expense:						Income (loss) before federal income tax expense:
Segments:	Segments:						Segments:
Life Insurance	Life Insurance		$	6,372		5,864	Life Insurance	$	7,473	3,336	13,845	9,200
Home Service Insurance	Home Service Insurance		1,333			2,078	Home Service Insurance	624		2,002	1,957	4,080
Total segments	Total segments		7,705			7,942	Total segments	8,097		5,338	15,802	13,280
Other Non-Insurance enterprises			(990)			(764)
Other Non-Insurance Enterprises							Other Non-Insurance Enterprises	(2,053)		(1,372)	(3,043)	(2,136)
Total income (loss) before federal income tax expense	Total income (loss) before federal income tax expense		$	6,715		7,178	Total income (loss) before federal income tax expense	$	6,044	3,966	12,759	11,144

~~LIFE INSURANCE~~

~~Detailed results of operations for the Life Insurance segment for the periods indicated are as follows:~~

Three Months Ended
March 31,
(In thousands) 2023 2022
Revenues:
Premiums $ 26,207 26,931
Net investment income 13,311 11,971
Investment related gains (losses), net (437) (293)
Other income 879 1,088
Total revenues 39,960 39,697
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders 24,439 21,458
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves (1,820) 1,376
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss 816 414
Policyholders' dividends 1,101 1,350
Total insurance benefits paid or provided 24,536 24,598
Commissions 4,759 3,806
Other general expenses 5,459 5,691
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs (4,360) (3,306)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs 3,162 3,020
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired 32 24
Total benefits and expenses 33,588 33,833
Income (loss) before federal income tax expense $ 6,372 5,864

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 49

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CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

LIFE INSURANCE

InNet income in our Life Insurance segment ~~we reported income~~ before federal income tax of ~~$6.4~~$7.5 million and $13.8 million in the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, ~~as compared to income of $5.9~~respectively, increased from $3.3 million and $9.2 million in the prior year ~~period primarily driven by~~periods, respectively. Detailed results of operations describing the year-over-year net income increases in the Life Insurance segment for the periods indicated are as follows:


	Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
	June 30,			June 30,
(In thousands)	2023		2022	2023	2022
Revenues:
Premiums	$	28,773	29,834	54,980	56,765
Net investment income	13,498		12,347	26,809	24,318
Investment related gains (losses), net	738		(3,984)	301	(4,277)
Other income	856		633	1,735	1,721
Total revenues	43,865		38,830	83,825	78,527
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders	26,968		21,568	51,407	43,026
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves	(1,863)		3,006	(3,683)	4,382
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss	885		580	1,701	994
Policyholders' dividends	1,255		1,509	2,356	2,859
Total insurance benefits paid or provided	27,245		26,663	51,781	51,261
Commissions	4,765		4,792	9,524	8,598
Other general expenses	5,646		5,358	11,105	11,049
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	(4,457)		(4,307)	(8,817)	(7,613)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	3,167		2,950	6,329	5,970
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	26		38	58	62
Total benefits and expenses	36,392		35,494	69,980	69,327
Income (loss) before federal income tax	$	7,473	3,336	13,845	9,200

The main drivers of the year-over-year increases in the 2023 periods are higher net investment income and investment related gains (versus investment related losses in the 2022 periods). These increases were partially offset by lower renewal ~~year premiums.~~premiums and higher claims and surrenders benefits paid or provided.

Life Insurance segment premium breakout is detailed below.


		Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
		March 31,			June 30,					June 30,
(In thousands)	(In thousands)		2023			2022	(In thousands)	2023		2022	2023	2022
Premiums:	Premiums:						Premiums:
First year	First year		$	2,594		1,987	First year	$	2,805	2,766	5,399	4,753
Renewal	Renewal		23,613			24,944	Renewal	25,968		27,068	49,581	52,012
Total premiums	Total premiums		$	26,207		26,931	Total premiums	$	28,773	29,834	54,980	56,765

~~Premiums.~~ First year premiums increased 30.5% for three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, which we believe is due to sales campaigns and our new international whole life product, which launched in March 2022. Our total premiums for three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased 2.7% compared to the same period in 2022. We derive most of our premium revenue in the Life Insurance segment from renewal premiums, which decreased 5.3% in the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022.

~~International Life Insurance Premiums.~~ Life insurance premiums are generated largely from our international policyholders from more than 70 different countries across the globe. The majority of our international premiums are derived from whole life and endowment products. The following table sets forth our premiums collected from the top five countries of our international life insurance business for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Three Months Ended
March 31,
(In thousands) 2023 2022
Country:
Colombia $ 6,057 6,030
Taiwan 5,302 4,923
Venezuela 3,722 4,090
Ecuador 3,246 3,026
Argentina 2,184 1,861
Other Non-U.S. 8,841 8,933
Total $ 29,352 28,863

~~Domestic Life Insurance Premiums.~~ Domestic premiums in our Life Insurance segment remained consistent in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same prior year period. Our domestic in force business results primarily from receipt of renewal premiums from blocks of business of various insurance companies we have acquired over the years as we ceased selling ordinary life in 2017. We currently offer whole life, credit life, credit disability and critical illness products domestically.

~~Net Investment Income~~. Our net investment income increased by 11.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 due to our higher average portfolio yield. The majority of investment income is derived from fixed maturity securities; however, long-term investment income continued to increase as our limited partnership asset base grew.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 50

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CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Premiums. Our total premiums for three and six months ended June 30, 2023 decreased 4% and 3%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022 as renewal premiums declined. We derive most of our premium revenue in the Life Insurance segment from renewal premiums, which decreased 4% and 5%, respectively, in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the same periods in 2022. As described above, this decline is due to high surrenders over the last several years and a high level of maturing endowments. First year premiums increased slightly and 14% for three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022, which we believe is due to sales of new products and focused marketing campaigns.

International Life Insurance Premiums. Life insurance premiums are generated largely from our international policyholders from over 75 different countries across the globe. The majority of our international premiums are derived from whole life and endowment products. The following table sets forth our premiums collected from the top five countries of our international life insurance business for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.


	Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
	June 30,			June 30,
(In thousands)	2023		2022	2023	2022
Country:
Colombia	$	6,281	6,365	12,338	11,896
Taiwan	3,590		4,163	8,892	8,678
Venezuela	3,682		4,204	7,404	7,955
Ecuador	3,157		3,319	6,403	6,094
Argentina	2,396		2,731	4,580	4,438
Other Non-U.S.	9,534		10,880	18,375	18,570
Total	$	28,640	31,662	57,992	57,631

Domestic Life Insurance Premiums. Domestic premiums in our Life Insurance segment were lower in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the same prior year periods. As we have previously disclosed, our domestic in force business results are primarily from receipt of renewal premiums from closed blocks of business of various insurance companies we have acquired over the years. We have recently re-launched our domestic life insurance business through CICA Life Insurance Company of America and currently offer whole life, credit life, credit disability and living benefit (including critical illness) products domestically.

Net Investment Income. Our net investment income increased by 9% and 10% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022 due to our higher average portfolio yield. The majority of investment income is derived from fixed maturity securities; however, long-term investment income continued to increase as our limited partnership asset base grew.

Investment Related Gains (Losses), Net. We recorded investment related ~~losses~~gains of ~~$0.4~~$0.7 million and $0.3 million during the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to investment related losses of ~~$0.3~~$4.0 million and $4.3 million during the same prior year ~~period~~periods, respectively, resulting from the change in estimated fair market value for our limited ~~partnerships, as previously discussed.~~partnerships.

June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 51

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CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Claims and Surrenders. The following table sets forth our primary claims and surrender benefits paid within our Life Insurance segment for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 compared to the same ~~period~~periods in 2022.


		Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
		March 31,			June 30,					June 30,
(In thousands)	(In thousands)		2023			2022	(In thousands)	2023		2022	2023	2022
Claims and Surrenders:	Claims and Surrenders:						Claims and Surrenders:
Death claim benefits	Death claim benefits		$	748		990	Death claim benefits	$	1,391	1,519	2,139	2,509
Surrender benefits	Surrender benefits		11,628			11,637	Surrender benefits	13,982		10,776	25,610	22,413
Endowment benefits	Endowment benefits		2,108			2,129	Endowment benefits	2,073		2,149	4,181	4,278
Matured endowment benefits	Matured endowment benefits		8,620			6,007	Matured endowment benefits	8,915		5,981	17,535	11,988
A&H and other policy benefits	A&H and other policy benefits		1,335			695	A&H and other policy benefits	607		1,143	1,942	1,838

Total claims and surrenders	Total claims and surrenders		$	24,439		21,458	Total claims and surrenders	$	26,968	21,568	51,407	43,026

During the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and 2022, the majority of our claims and surrender benefits in our Life Insurance segment were related to payment of surrender benefits and matured endowment benefits. Many of our endowment policies are reaching their contractual maturity dates and thus matured endowment benefits are increasing. We expect this trend to continue over the next few years. Surrender benefits increased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the same periods in 2022 due to surrenders related to international policies that are nearing maturity and carry little to no surrender charges. Death claims benefits decreased for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the prior year ~~period.~~periods. Mortality experience is closely monitored by the Company as a key performance indicator and these amounts were within expected levels.

Increase (Decrease) in Future Policy Benefit Reserves. The change in future policy benefit reserves decreased as a result of reserves released from higher matured endowment and surrender benefits, which iswas partially offset by increases in insurance issued and normal increases in our in force block of business policy benefit reserves for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 compared to the same ~~period~~periods in 2022.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 5152

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CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

HOME SERVICE INSURANCE

Detailed results of operations for the Home Service Insurance segment for the periods indicated are as follows:


		Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
		March 31,			June 30,					June 30,
(In thousands)	(In thousands)		2023			2022	(In thousands)	2023		2022	2023	2022
Revenues:	Revenues:						Revenues:
Premiums	Premiums		$	12,042		12,433	Premiums	$	10,953	12,390	22,995	24,823
Net investment income	Net investment income		3,470			3,244	Net investment income	3,450		3,283	6,920	6,527
Investment related gains (losses), net	Investment related gains (losses), net		99			(242)	Investment related gains (losses), net	(12)		(925)	87	(1,167)

Other income							Other income	1		1	1	1
Total revenues	Total revenues		15,611			15,435	Total revenues	14,392		14,749	30,003	30,184
Benefits and expenses:	Benefits and expenses:						Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:	Insurance benefits paid or provided:						Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders	Claims and surrenders		5,860			6,976	Claims and surrenders	5,808		5,529	11,668	12,505
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves	Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves		842			(1,262)	Increase (decrease) in future policy benefit reserves	919		724	1,761	(538)
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss	Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss		64			254	Policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss	71		87	135	341
Policyholders' dividends	Policyholders' dividends		7			3	Policyholders' dividends	6		6	13	9
Total insurance benefits paid or provided	Total insurance benefits paid or provided		6,773			5,971	Total insurance benefits paid or provided	6,804		6,346	13,577	12,317
Commissions	Commissions		4,254			3,867	Commissions	4,118		4,132	8,372	7,999
Other general expenses	Other general expenses		4,468			4,350	Other general expenses	4,299		3,515	8,767	7,865
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs		(1,998)			(1,475)	Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	(2,087)		(1,877)	(4,085)	(3,352)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs		652			539	Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	507		518	1,159	1,057
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	Amortization of cost of insurance acquired		129			105	Amortization of cost of insurance acquired	127		113	256	218
Total benefits and expenses	Total benefits and expenses		14,278			13,357	Total benefits and expenses	13,768		12,747	28,046	26,104
Income before federal income tax expense			$	1,333		2,078
Income (loss) before federal income tax							Income (loss) before federal income tax	$	624	2,002	1,957	4,080

In our Home Service Insurance segment we reported income before federal income tax of ~~$1.3~~$0.6 million and $2.0 million in the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, respectively, as compared to income of ~~$2.1~~$2.0 million and $4.1 million in the prior year ~~period. This decrease is~~periods. These decreases are primarily driven by ~~an increase in catastrophic reinsurance costs and~~lower premiums due to the effects of ceasing our property insurance operations as of June 30, 2023 described above, higher total insurance benefits paid or provided and higher other general expenses due to higher employee health benefit costs. These decreases were partially offset by the change in investment related gains (losses) due to the ~~changes~~improvements in the fair value of our equity securities.

Premiums. Total premium revenue declined by ~~3.1%~~12% and 7% in the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same ~~period~~periods in 2022 despite an increase of ~~15.1%~~5% and 10% in first year premiums for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same ~~period~~periods in 2022. The ~~decline~~decrease in ~~premium~~premiums was attributed to lower property insurance premiums ~~from an increase in catastrophic reinsurance costs and lower life~~due to the effects of ceasing our property insurance ~~renewal year premiums.~~operations as of June 30, 2023 described above.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 5253

Table of Contents


CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Claims and Surrenders. Claims and surrender benefits, which are the largest portion of our expenses in the Home Service Insurance segment, are summarized as follows:


		Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
		March 31,			June 30,					June 30,
(In thousands)	(In thousands)		2023			2022	(In thousands)	2023		2022	2023	2022
Claims and Surrenders:	Claims and Surrenders:						Claims and Surrenders:
Death claim benefits	Death claim benefits		$	4,634		6,027	Death claim benefits	$	4,245	4,354	8,879	10,381
Surrender benefits	Surrender benefits		688			622	Surrender benefits	1,008		831	1,696	1,453
Endowment benefits	Endowment benefits		1			5	Endowment benefits	3		3	4	8
Matured endowment benefits	Matured endowment benefits		145			127	Matured endowment benefits	147		152	292	279
Property claims	Property claims		342			142	Property claims	366		163	708	305
A&H and other policy benefits	A&H and other policy benefits		50			53	A&H and other policy benefits	39		26	89	79

Total claims and surrenders	Total claims and surrenders		$	5,860		6,976	Total claims and surrenders	$	5,808	5,529	11,668	12,505

The majority of claims and surrender benefits in our Home Service Insurance segment relate to death claim benefits. Death claim benefits decreased ~~23.1%~~3% and 14% in the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same 2022 ~~period. The decrease in death claim benefits was~~periods due primarily to a lower volume of reported claims. Mortality experience is closely monitored by the Company as a key performance indicator and fluctuates from quarter-to-quarter based on reported claims.

Increase in Future Policy Benefit Reserves. The change in future policy benefit reserves increased primarily as a result of increases in insurance issued ~~and lower total death claim benefits~~ for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 compared to the same ~~period~~periods in 2022.

Other General Expenses. General expenses increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the same periods in 2022, primarily due to higher employee health benefit costs.

OTHER NON-INSURANCE ENTERPRISES


		Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
		March 31,			June 30,					June 30,
(In thousands)	(In thousands)		2023			2022	(In thousands)	2023		2022	2023	2022
Income (loss) before income tax expense	Income (loss) before income tax expense		$	(990)		(764)	Income (loss) before income tax expense	$	(2,053)	(1,372)	(3,043)	(2,136)

This operating unit represents the administrative support entities to the insurance operations. Its revenues are primarily intercompany and have been eliminated in consolidation under U.S. GAAP, which typically results in a segment loss. Revenue in this operating unit consists primarily of net investment income and investment related gains or losses, while expenses consist of other general expenses related to corporate functions.

INVESTMENTS

Our investments are an integral part of our business success. Our cash and invested assets at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 were $1.4 billion, of which ~~87.0%~~87% was invested in fixed maturity securities, all of which are classified as available-for-sale. We closely monitor the duration of our fixed maturity investments, and investment purchases and sales are executed with the objective of having adequate funds available to satisfy our insurance obligations.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 5354

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CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

The following table sets forth the carrying value of our investments by investment category and cash, cash equivalents and the percentage of each to total cash and invested assets.


Carrying Value	Carrying Value	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022				Carrying Value	June 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
(In thousands, except for %)	(In thousands, except for %)	Amount		%		Amount		%		(In thousands, except for %)	Amount		%		Amount		%
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Invested Assets	Cash, Cash Equivalents and Invested Assets									Cash, Cash Equivalents and Invested Assets
Fixed maturity securities:	Fixed maturity securities:									Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$	9,688	0.7	%	$	13,278	1.0	%	U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$	9,453	0.7	%	$	13,278	1.0	%
Corporate	Corporate	758,974		53.7	%	715,645		52.5	%	Corporate	744,105		53.4		715,645		52.5
States and political subdivisions (1)	States and political subdivisions (1)	308,580		21.8	%	307,358		22.5	%	States and political subdivisions (1)	301,807		21.6		307,358		22.5
Mortgage-backed (2)	Mortgage-backed (2)	103,071		7.3	%	99,995		7.3	%	Mortgage-backed (2)	100,550		7.2		99,995		7.3
Asset-backed	Asset-backed	49,277		3.5	%	43,242		3.2	%	Asset-backed	50,468		3.6		43,242		3.2
Foreign governments	Foreign governments	101		—	%	101		—	%	Foreign governments	100		—		101		—
Total fixed maturity securities	Total fixed maturity securities	1,229,691		87.0	%	1,179,619		86.5	%	Total fixed maturity securities	1,206,483		86.5		1,179,619		86.5
Short-term investments	Short-term investments	1,244		0.1	%	1,241		0.1	%	Short-term investments	249		—		1,241		0.1
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	18,924		1.4	%	22,973		1.7	%	Cash and cash equivalents	20,914		1.6		22,973		1.7
Other investments:	Other investments:									Other investments:
Policy loans	Policy loans	78,659		5.6	%	78,773		5.8	%	Policy loans	77,944		5.6		78,773		5.8
Equity securities	Equity securities	11,899		0.8	%	11,590		0.8	%	Equity securities	11,710		0.8		11,590		0.8

Other long-term investments	Other long-term investments	72,254		5.1	%	69,558		5.1	%	Other long-term investments	77,262		5.5		69,558		5.1
Total cash, cash equivalents and invested assets	Total cash, cash equivalents and invested assets	$	1,412,671	100.0	%	$	1,363,754	100.0	%	Total cash, cash equivalents and invested assets	$	1,394,562	100.0	%	$	1,363,754	100.0	%

(1) Includes ~~$128.5~~$126.0 million and $133.2 million of securities guaranteed by third parties at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(2) Includes ~~$102.7~~$99.4 million and $98.8 million of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The carrying value of the Company’s fixed maturity securities investment portfolio at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 was ~~$1.23~~$1.21 billion compared to $1.18 billion at December 31, 2022. ~~As discussed above, this increase reflects the impact of interest rate sensitivity on the fair value of our fixed maturity securities.~~ The distribution of the credit ratings of our portfolio of fixed maturity securities by carrying value as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 did not materially change from December 31, 2022 – the weighted average was “A” at both dates.

Cash and cash equivalents decreased as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 from December 31, 2022 and can fluctuate from period to period primarily due to the timing ~~from~~of operating and investing activities.

Other long-term investments increased by ~~$2.7~~$7.7 million as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 from December 31, 2022 due to additional funding of our limited partnership investments.

Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions

The Company’s fixed maturity securities investment portfolio at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 included ~~$308.6~~$301.8 million and $307.4 million, respectively, of securities that are obligations of states and political subdivisions, including municipalities (collectively referred to as the municipal bond portfolio).

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 5455

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CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

The Company's municipal bond portfolio includes third-party guarantees. Detailed below is a presentation by the Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization ("NRSRO") rating of these holdings by funding type as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023.


		General Obligation			Special Revenue		Other		Total		% Based on Amortized Cost			General Obligation			Special Revenue		Other		Total		% Based on Amortized Cost
(In thousands, except for %)	(In thousands, except for %)	Fair Value		Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost			(In thousands, except for %)	Fair Value		Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost
State and political subdivision fixed maturity securities including third-party guarantees	State and political subdivision fixed maturity securities including third-party guarantees												State and political subdivision fixed maturity securities including third-party guarantees
AAA	AAA	$	14,073	13,949	6,494	6,584	—	—	20,567	20,533	6.1	%	AAA	$	14,007	13,940	6,708	6,897	—	—	20,715	20,837	6.3	%
AA	AA	48,733		48,641	114,841	130,002	10,714	11,090	174,288	189,733	56.7	%	AA	48,188		48,599	113,351	129,900	10,529	11,086	172,068	189,585	57.2
A	A	5,956		6,252	88,770	97,907	4,474	4,403	99,200	108,562	32.4	%	A	5,871		6,251	84,219	94,590	4,416	4,401	94,506	105,242	31.7
BBB	BBB	626		656	8,295	9,501	1,375	1,450	10,296	11,607	3.5	%	BBB	617		655	8,285	9,494	1,369	1,450	10,271	11,599	3.5
BB and other	BB and other	2,963		3,185	1,266	1,267	—	—	4,229	4,452	1.3	%	BB and other	2,983		3,179	1,264	1,266	—	—	4,247	4,445	1.3
Total	Total	$	72,351	72,683	219,666	245,261	16,563	16,943	308,580	334,887	100.0	%	Total	$	71,666	72,624	213,827	242,147	16,314	16,937	301,807	331,708	100.0	%

State and political subdivision fixed maturity securities excluding third-party guarantees	State and political subdivision fixed maturity securities excluding third-party guarantees												State and political subdivision fixed maturity securities excluding third-party guarantees

AA	AA	$	34,169	34,123	39,052	42,762	6,597	6,505	79,818	83,390	24.9	%	AA	$	33,850	34,096	37,118	41,142	6,484	6,500	77,452	81,738	24.6	%
A	A	16,823		17,178	121,766	136,950	6,952	7,133	145,541	161,261	48.2	%	A	16,635		17,174	120,166	137,393	6,876	7,132	143,677	161,699	48.7
BBB	BBB	2,568		2,561	27,060	30,101	1,639	1,855	31,267	34,517	10.3	%	BBB	2,548		2,558	24,275	27,500	1,585	1,855	28,408	31,913	9.6
BB and other	BB and other	18,791		18,821	31,788	35,448	1,375	1,450	51,954	55,719	16.6	%	BB and other	18,633		18,796	32,268	36,112	1,369	1,450	52,270	56,358	17.1
Total	Total	$	72,351	72,683	219,666	245,261	16,563	16,943	308,580	334,887	100.0	%	Total	$	71,666	72,624	213,827	242,147	16,314	16,937	301,807	331,708	100.0	%

The table below shows the categories in which the Company held investments in special revenue bonds that were greater than 10% of fair value based upon the Company's total municipal bond portfolio at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023.


(In thousands)		Fair Value		Amortized Cost	% of Total Fair Value
(In thousands, except for %)							(In thousands, except for %)	Fair Value		Amortized Cost	% of Total Fair Value

Education	Education	$	48,486	54,317	15.7	%	Education	$	47,105	53,191	15.6	%
Utilities	Utilities	46,416		49,303	15.0	%	Utilities	44,910		48,556	14.9
Transportation	Transportation	38,239		44,661	12.4	%	Transportation	37,554		44,512	12.4

The Company's municipal bond portfolio is spread across many states, however, municipal bonds from Texas and California comprise the most significant concentration of the total municipal bond portfolio as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023. The Company holds ~~21.7%~~22% and ~~14.3%~~14% of its municipal bond portfolio in Texas and California issuers, respectively, as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023. There were no other states or individual issuer holdings that represented or exceeded 10% of the total municipal bond portfolio as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 5556

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CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

The table below represents the Company's detailed exposure to municipal bonds in Texas at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023.


		General Obligation			Special Revenue		Other		Total			General Obligation			Special Revenue		Other		Total
(In thousands)	(In thousands)	Fair Value		Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	(In thousands)	Fair Value		Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost
Texas state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities including third-party guarantees	Texas state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities including third-party guarantees										Texas state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities including third-party guarantees
AAA	AAA	$	13,564	13,442	3,060	3,055	—	—	16,624	16,497	AAA	$	13,506	13,434	2,612	2,642	—	—	16,118	16,076
AA	AA	17,572		17,549	14,730	16,302	—	—	32,302	33,851	AA	17,576		17,546	14,034	15,822	—	—	31,610	33,368
A	A	—		—	17,458	22,195	—	—	17,458	22,195	A	—		—	17,288	22,189	—	—	17,288	22,189

BB and other	BB and other	—		—	500	501	—	—	500	501	BB and other	—		—	500	500	—	—	500	500
Total	Total	$	31,136	30,991	35,748	42,053	—	—	66,884	73,044	Total	$	31,082	30,980	34,434	41,153	—	—	65,516	72,133
Texas state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities excluding third-party guarantees	Texas state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities excluding third-party guarantees										Texas state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities excluding third-party guarantees

AA	AA	$	25,137	24,997	3,002	2,982	—	—	28,139	27,979	AA	$	25,090	24,989	2,096	2,092	—	—	27,186	27,081
A	A	4,860		4,852	26,978	32,867	—	—	31,838	37,719	A	4,853		4,850	26,625	32,861	—	—	31,478	37,711
BBB	BBB	1,139		1,142	3,274	3,421	—	—	4,413	4,563	BBB	1,139		1,141	3,243	3,419	—	—	4,382	4,560
BB and other	BB and other	—		—	2,494	2,783	—	—	2,494	2,783	BB and other	—		—	2,470	2,781	—	—	2,470	2,781
Total	Total	$	31,136	30,991	35,748	42,053	—	—	66,884	73,044	Total	$	31,082	30,980	34,434	41,153	—	—	65,516	72,133

The table below represents the Company's detailed exposure to municipal bonds in California at ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023.


		General Obligation			Special Revenue		Other		Total			General Obligation			Special Revenue		Other		Total
(In thousands)	(In thousands)	Fair Value		Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	(In thousands)	Fair Value		Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost
California state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities including third-party guarantees	California state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities including third-party guarantees										California state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities including third-party guarantees

AA	AA	$	1,965	2,036	30,221	35,601	2,478	2,731	34,664	40,368	AA	$	1,936	2,042	29,617	35,399	2,460	2,731	34,013	40,172
A	A	1,306		1,650	7,208	8,924	—	—	8,514	10,574	A	1,286		1,650	7,068	8,922	—	—	8,354	10,572
BBB	BBB	—		—	866	865	—	—	866	865	BBB	—		—	865	865	—	—	865	865

Total	Total	$	3,271	3,686	38,295	45,390	2,478	2,731	44,044	51,807	Total	$	3,222	3,692	37,550	45,186	2,460	2,731	43,232	51,609
California state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities excluding third-party guarantees	California state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities excluding third-party guarantees										California state and political subdivision fixed maturity securities excluding third-party guarantees

AA	AA	$	464	445	4,691	5,447	—	—	5,155	5,892	AA	$	455	445	4,511	5,257	—	—	4,966	5,702
A	A	2,807		3,241	15,766	18,971	2,478	2,731	21,051	24,943	A	2,767		3,247	15,346	18,966	2,460	2,731	20,573	24,944
BBB	BBB	—		—	3,713	3,929	—	—	3,713	3,929	BBB	—		—	3,657	3,920	—	—	3,657	3,920
BB and other	BB and other	—		—	14,125	17,043	—	—	14,125	17,043	BB and other	—		—	14,036	17,043	—	—	14,036	17,043
Total	Total	$	3,271	3,686	38,295	45,390	2,478	2,731	44,044	51,807	Total	$	3,222	3,692	37,550	45,186	2,460	2,731	43,232	51,609

IMPAIRMENT CONSIDERATIONS RELATED TO INVESTMENTS IN FIXED MATURITY AND EQUITY SECURITIES

The Company did not record any credit valuation allowances on fixed maturity securities in either of the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 or 2022.

Information on both unrealized and realized gains and losses by category is set forth in Part I, Item 1, Note 3. Investments of the notes to our consolidated financial statements herein.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 5657

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CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Below are our primary capital resources (based on carrying value of each) as of the periods indicated.


(In thousands)	(In thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022	(In thousands)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Fixed maturity securities	Fixed maturity securities	$	1,229,691	1,179,619	Fixed maturity securities	$	1,206,483	1,179,619
Cash and cash equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents	18,924		22,973	Cash and cash equivalents	20,914		22,973

Liquidity refers to a company's ability to generate sufficient cash flows to meet the needs of its operations. In the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 our operations ~~resulted in $7.4~~generated $12.2 million inof net cash. We manage our insurance operations as described herein in order to ensure that we have stable and reliable sources of cash flow to meet our obligations. We currently anticipate meeting our short-term and long-term cash needs with cash generated by our insurance operations and from our invested assets. From time-to-time, we may raise capital by selling shares in our SIP (as defined below) and we may also access our Credit Facility if needed (also as described below).

PARENT COMPANY LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Citizens is a holding company and has minimal operations of its own. Our assets consist of the capital stock of our subsidiaries, cash and investments. Our liquidity requirements are met primarily from two sources: cash generated from our operating subsidiaries and our invested assets. Our ability to obtain cash from our insurance subsidiaries depends primarily upon the availability of statutorily permissible payments, including payments Citizens receives from service agreements with our insurance subsidiaries and dividends from the subsidiaries. The ability to make payments to the holding company is limited by applicable laws and regulations of Bermuda, Puerto Rico and U.S. states of domicile which subject insurance operations to significant regulatory restrictions. These laws and regulations require, among other things, that our insurance subsidiaries maintain minimum solvency or premium to surplus ratio requirements, which limit the amount of dividends that can be paid to the holding company. The regulations also require approval of our service agreements with the applicable regulatory authority in order to prevent insurance subsidiaries from moving large amounts of cash to the unregulated holding company.

In addition to the above-mentioned sources of cash, we offer a Stock Investment Plan ("SIP"), whereby investors, policyholders, independent contractors and agents, employees and directors can directly purchase our stock. At our option, purchases of stock under the SIP can be made from newly issued or treasury stock, rather than in the open market, in which case, we can raise capital by selling our shares.

In 2021, we entered into a Credit Facility with Regions Bank. See Part I, Item 1, Note 7. Commitments and Contingencies in the notes to our consolidated financial statements, herein, for a description of the Credit Facility. The Credit Facility provides additional liquidity to the Company for short-term and longer-term needs. As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, we have not borrowed any money under the Credit Facility and have no immediate plans to do so.

INSURANCE COMPANY SUBSIDIARY LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The liquidity requirements of our insurance operations are primarily met by premium revenues, investment income and investment maturities or sales. Primary cash needs relate to payments of policyholder benefits, investment purchases and operating expenses. Historically, cash flow from our operations has been sufficient to meet our cash needs. We have not had to liquidate a material amount of investments to pay our expenses and we did not do so in the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023. We believe that we have adequate capital resources to support the liquidity requirements of our insurance operations if the cash flow from our insurance operations is insufficient to meet our cash needs. See Contractual Obligations and Off-balance Sheet Arrangements in our Form 10-K and below for a discussion of known and estimated cash needs. Cash flow projections and cash flow tests under various market interest rate scenarios are performed annually to assist in evaluating liquidity needs and adequacy.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 5758

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CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Cash from Operating Activities. Cash provided by or used in operating activities is an important liquidity metric because it reflects, during a given period, the amount of cash generated that is available to pay our operating expenses, invest in our business or make strategic acquisitions. In the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, our operations provided ~~$7.4~~$12.2 million in net cash.

Cash from Investing Activities. We have traditionally also had significant cash flows from both scheduled and unscheduled investment security maturities, redemptions, and prepayments. These cash flows, for the most part, are reinvested in fixed income securities and to a lesser extent limited partnerships or other alternative investments. Net cash outflows from investing activities totaled ~~$11.0~~$11.9 million for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023. The investing activities fluctuate from period to period due to timing of securities activities such as calls and maturities and reinvestment of those funds. We purchased ~~$25.1~~$27.6 million in fixed maturity securities and we also used ~~$3.5~~$9.4 million to purchase other long-term investments. 87% of our total cash, cash equivalents and investments consist of marketable fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale that could be readily converted to cash for liquidity needs.

Trends, Demands and Restrictions on our Uses of Cash

Because claims and surrenders are our largest expense, a primary liquidity concern is the risk of either (i) an extraordinary level of early policyholder surrenders, or (ii) higher than expected mortality experience. In order to mitigate the risk of early policyholder surrenders, we include provisions in our insurance policies, such as surrender charges, that help limit and discourage early withdrawals. As previously discussed, surrender benefits had been higher than usual the last several years as many of our policies have reached the age where surrender charges have expired and due to other reasons, like the loss of one of our biggest distributors in Venezuela. ~~However, we~~We have been aggressively managing policyholder retention efforts, ~~and~~however, in the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, surrender benefits have ~~leveled.~~increased. To the extent that early surrenders are higher than expected, our liquidity could be negatively impacted. We continue to monitor surrenders and early withdrawals.

Our endowment products provide the policyholder with alternatives once the policy matures - they can choose to take a lump sum payout or leave the money on deposit at interest with the Company. ~~As of March 31, 2023, 37% of the Company's total insurance in force was in endowment products.~~ Approximately ~~17%~~18% of the endowments in force, totaling approximately 6% of our in force business as of June 30, 2023, will mature in the next five years. Policyholder election behavior is unknown, but if too many policyholders elect lump sum distributions, the Company could be exposed to liquidity risk in years of high maturities. Meeting these distributions could require the Company to sell its investments at inopportune times to pay policyholder withdrawals. Alternatively, if the policyholders were to leave the money on deposit with the Company at interest, our profitability could be impacted if the product guaranteed rate is higher than the market rate we are earning on our investments. We currently anticipate that our available operating cash flow and capital resources will be adequate to meet our needs for funds, but we ~~will monitor~~are monitoring closely our policyholder behavior patterns.

As discussed above, we are subject to regulatory capital requirements that could affect the Company’s ability to access capital from our insurance operations or cause the Company to have to put additional cash in our wholly-owned subsidiaries.

Our domestic companies are subject to minimum capital requirements set by the NAIC in the form of risk-based capital ("RBC"). RBC considers the type of business written by an insurance company, the quality of its assets, and various other aspects of an insurance company's business to develop a minimum level of capital called "Authorized Control Level Risk-Based Capital". This level of capital is then compared to an adjusted statutory capital that includes capital and surplus as reported under statutory accounting principles, plus certain investment reserves. Should the ratio of adjusted statutory capital to control level RBC fall below 200% for our domestic companies, a series of remedial actions by the affected company would be required. Additionally, we have a parental guarantee between Citizens and CICA, Citizens' wholly-owned subsidiary domiciled in Colorado, to maintain a RBC level above 350%. At ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, our domestic insurance subsidiaries were above the required minimum RBC levels.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 5859

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CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

CICA International is a Bermuda domiciled company. The BMA requires Bermuda insurers to maintain available statutory economic capital and surplus at a level equal to or in excess of the BMA's Enhanced Capital Requirement, which requires a certain Target Capital Level ("TCL"). At the request of the BMA, on April 15, 2021, Citizens and CICA International entered into a Keep Well Agreement. The Keep Well Agreement requires Citizens to contribute up to $10 million in capital to CICA International as necessary to ensure that CICA International has a minimum capital level of 120%. Since CICA International’s capital level currently exceeds 120%, Citizens is not currently required to make a capital contribution. Any capital injection that Citizens is required to make under the parental guarantee with CICA or under the Keep Well Agreement with CICA International could negatively impact the Company’s capital resources and liquidity.

~~CICA~~ PR is a Puerto Rico domiciled company. The Insurance Code of Puerto Rico does not specifically set forth minimum capital and surplus standards, but rather requires that an insurer submit a business plan for approval to the OIC that includes proposed minimum capital and surplus. CICA PR is required to maintain a minimum of $750,000 in capital and maintain a premium to surplus ratio of 7 to 1. CICA PR began issuing new business as of January 1, 2023 and since higher costs are associated with new business than renewal business (e.g., first year commissions), we expect that Citizens will have to contribute capital to CICA PR in the foreseeable future in order to maintain the required premium to surplus ratio. Like with CICA International, any capital that Citizens is required to contribute could negatively impact the Company's capital resources and liquidity.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

As of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, we have no additional contractual obligations or off-balance sheet arrangements other than those described in Part I. Item 1, Note 7. Commitments and Contingencies in the notes to our consolidated financial statements herein and in Part II, Item 7, Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements in our Form 10-K. We do not utilize special purpose entities as investment vehicles, nor are there any such entities in which we have an investment that engage in speculative activities of any nature, and we do not use such investments to hedge our investment positions.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

We believe that the accounting policies set forth in Part I, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - "Critical Accounting Policies" and Part IV, Item 15, Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of our consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K continue to describe the significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements except as follows. The following items have changed due to adoption of Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") No. 2018-12, Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts.

DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS

~~Deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”)~~DAC are costs that are incremental and directly related to the successful acquisition of new or renewal insurance contracts. Such costs include the incremental direct costs of contract acquisition, such as sales commissions; the portion of employees’ total compensation and payroll-related fringe benefits related directly to time spent performing acquisition activities, such as underwriting, issuing, and processing policies for contracts that have actually been acquired; and other costs related directly to acquisition activities that would not have been incurred if the contract had not been acquired.

Inherent in the capitalization and amortization of DAC are certain management judgements about what acquisition costs are deferred. Approximately ~~94.0%~~92% of our capitalized DAC are attributed to first year and renewal excess commissions. The remaining ~~6.0%~~8% are attributed to other costs that vary with and are directly related to the successful acquisition of new insurance business. Those costs generally include costs related to the production, underwriting and issuance of new business.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 5960

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CITIZENS, INC.			MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

~~successful acquisition of new insurance business. Those costs generally include costs related to the production, underwriting and issuance of new business.~~

DAC is amortized on a constant level basis over the expected term of the related contracts to approximate straight-line amortization. For the Life Insurance Segment, the constant level basis used is policy count in force. For the Home Service Insurance Segment, the constant level basis used is face amount in force. The constant level bases used for amortization are projected using mortality and lapse assumptions that are based on the Company’s experience, industry data, and other factors at the end of each reporting period and are consistent with those used for the liability for future policy benefit life reserves. Annually, the Company completes experience studies to evaluate mortality and lapse. If those assumptions are updated, the DAC amortization basis is recalculated and the impact of the assumption change will be reflected in the cohort level amortization in future periods.

COST OF INSURANCE ACQUIRED

A recoverability test that considers, among other things, actual experience and projected future experience is performed at least annually. These annual recoverability tests are based initially on an estimate of the available premium (gross premium less the benefit and expense portion of premium) for the next 50 years using best estimate assumptions related to interest rates, mortality and lapses. Management believes that our COIA is recoverable for the three and six months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023. This belief is based upon the analysis performed on estimated future results of the block and our annual recoverability testing.

POLICY LIABILITIES

As premium revenue is recognized, a liability for future policy benefits is accrued. The liability for a future policy benefit is the present value of estimated future policy benefits to be paid to or on behalf of policyholders less the present value of estimated future net premiums to be collected from policyholders. The liability is estimated using current assumptions that include investment yields, discount rate, mortality and lapses and withdrawals. These current assumptions are based on judgements that consider the Company’s historical experience, industry data, and other factors. Annually, the Company completes experience studies to evaluate mortality and lapse. The results of these studies are used to update current year best estimate assumptions used in establishing benefit liabilities and DAC.

The current discount rate assumption is a yield curve that equals the yield of an upper-medium grade fixed income instrument, based on an A-quality corporate bond. The current discount rate assumption is updated quarterly and used to remeasure the liability at the reporting date, with the resulting change reflected in other comprehensive income. For liability cash flows that are projected beyond the duration of market-observable A credit-rated fixed-income instruments, the Company uses the last market-observable yield level and uses linear interpolation to determine yield assumptions for durations that do not have market observable yields. The locked-in discount rate for policies issued prior to transition equals the rate set at contract issuance. For current year issues, the locked-in discount rate is the average of the current year quarterly discount rates and will change throughout the year as new discount rates are calculated, with the change reflected in net income.

Item 3.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As a smaller reporting company, we have elected to comply with certain scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 6061

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CITIZENS, INC.

Item 3.~~QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK~~

~~As a smaller reporting company, we have elected to comply with certain scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this Item.~~

~~Item~~ 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and such information is accumulated and reported to management, including our principal executive and financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.

CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

During the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023, there were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 6162

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CITIZENS, INC.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Part I, Item 3. Legal Proceedings of our Form 10-K includes a discussion of our legal proceedings. There have been no material developments in the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 from the legal proceedings described in our Form 10-K.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

Part I, Item ~~1A,~~1A. Risk Factors of our Form 10-K includes a discussion of our risk factors. There have been no material changes in the three months ended ~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 from the risk factors included in our Form 10-K.

Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

~~None.~~Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

In May 2022, the Board of Directors authorized an equity repurchase plan for $8 million. The timing of any share repurchases under the repurchase authorization is dependent upon several factors, including market price of the Company's securities, the Company’s cash on hand, cash flows from operations, general market conditions, the Company's blackout periods, and other considerations. This program has no set termination date and may be suspended or discontinued by the Company’s Board of Directors at any time. The Company purchased the following shares of its Class A common stock during the three months ended June 30, 2023.


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs [2]
April 2023	—	$	—	—
May 2023	147,097	2.1202		147,097
June 2023	178,327	2.3214		178,327
Total	325,424			325,424	$	4,580,000

[1] The stock repurchase program was publicly announced on May 10, 2022.

[2] The Company was authorized to repurchase up to $8.0 million of its outstanding shares of Class A common stock.

[3] The stock repurchase program does not have an expiration date.

[4] No stock repurchase program has expired during the three months ended June 30, 2023.

[5] There is no stock repurchase program that the Company has determined to terminate prior to expiration, or under which the Company does not intend to make further purchases.

Item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 63

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CITIZENS, INC.

Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

Item 6. EXHIBITS


Exhibit Number						The following exhibits are filed herewith:

3.1						Restated and Amended Articles of Incorporation dated March 4, 2004 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2003, filed on March 15, 2004)
3.2						Amended and Restated Bylaws dated February 6, 2021 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 9, 2021)
31.1*						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*
31.2*						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*
32.1*						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*
32.2*						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*
101*						Inline XBRL Document Set for the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q*
104*						Inline XBRL for the cover page of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, included in the Exhibit 101 Inline XBRL Document Set*

* Filed herewith.

† Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 6264

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


		CITIZENS, INC.


		By:	/s/ Gerald W. Shields
			Gerald W. Shields
			Chief Executive Officer & President


		By:	/s/ Jeffery P. Conklin
			Jeffery P. Conklin
			Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Investment Officer & Treasurer



Date:	~~May 8,~~August 4, 2023

~~March 31,~~June 30, 2023 | 10-Q 6365


	Life Insurance
March 31, 2022 (In thousands)	Permanent		Permanent Limited Pay	Total
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	269,528	4,939	274,467
Beginning balance at original discount rate	246,386		5,093	251,479

Effects of actual variances from expected experience	1,693		422	2,115
Adjusted beginning of year balance	248,079		5,515	253,594
Issuances	5,795		1,121	6,916
Interest accrual	2,088		(2)	2,086
Net premiums collected	(9,166)		133	(9,033)
Derecognition and other	57		24	81
Ending balance at original discount rate	246,853		6,791	253,644
Effect of changes in discount rates	6,040		(291)	5,749
Balance, end of period	$	252,893	6,500	259,393

Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	1,168,282	240,679	1,408,961
Beginning balance at original discount rate	990,921		207,105	1,198,026

Effects of actual variances from expected experience	1,998		1,407	3,405
Adjusted beginning of year balance	992,919		208,512	1,201,431
Issuances	5,863		1,141	7,004
Interest accrual	10,658		2,125	12,783
Benefit payments	(17,715)		(3,918)	(21,633)
Derecognition and other	(10)		4	(6)
Ending balance at original discount rate	991,715		207,864	1,199,579
Effect of changes in discount rates	72,720		12,917	85,637
Balance, end of period	$	1,064,435	220,781	1,285,216

Net liability for future policy benefits	$	811,542	214,281	1,025,823


	Life Insurance			Home Service Insurance
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 (In thousands)	Gross Premiums		Interest Expense	Gross Premiums	Interest Expense
Life Insurance
Permanent	$	22,458	8,570	8,372	1,324
Permanent Limited Pay	4,168		2,336	2,154	1,586
Other	77		—	368	—
Reinsurance	(648)		—	(15)	—
Total, net of reinsurance	26,055		10,906	10,879	2,910
Accident & Health

Other	152		—	206	—
Reinsurance	—		—	—	—
Total, net of reinsurance	152		—	206	—
Total	$	26,207	10,906	11,085	2,910


	Life Insurance			Home Service Insurance
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 (In thousands)	Gross Premiums		Interest Expense	Gross Premiums	Interest Expense
Life Insurance
Permanent	$	22,257	8,570	8,456	1,342
Permanent Limited Pay	3,656		2,350	2,041	1,559
Other	1,425		—	—	—
Reinsurance	(500)		—	(14)	—
Total, net of reinsurance	26,838		10,920	10,483	2,901
Accident & Health

Other	94		—	193	—
Reinsurance	(1)		—	—	—
Total, net of reinsurance	93		—	193	—
Total	$	26,931	10,920	10,676	2,901