UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) instructions to Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and include all of the information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual amounts could differ from those estimates.

The Company’s fiscal year begins on November 1 and ends on October 31 of the following year. Any references to the year 20172018 or 2016,2017, or to any quarter of those years, relates to the fiscal year or quarter, as the case may be, ended in that year.

The information filed herein reflects all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of JulyJanuary 31, 20172018 and October 31, 2016,2017, the condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended JulyJanuary 31, 20172018 and 20162017 and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the ninethree months ended JulyJanuary 31, 20172018 and 20162017 of Greif, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”). The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Greif, Inc., all wholly-owned and consolidated subsidiaries and investments in limited liability companies, partnerships and joint ventures in which it has controlling influence or is the primary beneficiary. Non-majority owned entities include investments in limited liability companies, partnerships and joint ventures in which the Company does not have controlling influence and are accounted for using either the equity or cost method, as appropriate.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Form 10-Q”) should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for its fiscal year ended October 31, 20162017 (the “2016“2017 Form 10-K”).

In February 2015,March 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2015-02, “Consolidation2017-07, "Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 810): Amendments715)," which provides additional guidance in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 715 for the presentation of net periodic benefit cost in the income statement and on the components eligible for capitalization in assets. This ASU requires the reporting of the service cost component to be in the Consolidation Analysis,” which makes changes to bothsame line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the variable interest model andpertinent employees. Also, the voting interest model and eliminates the indefinite deferralother components of FASB Statement No. 167, included in ASU 2010-10, for certain investment funds. All reporting entities that hold a variable interest in other legal entities werenet benefit cost are required to re-evaluate their consolidation conclusions as well as disclosure requirements.be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations. This update also allows only the service cost component to be eligible for capitalization when applicable. The Company adoptedupdate is effective for the new guidance beginningCompany on November 1, 2016,2018 using a retrospective approach for the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic post-retirement benefit cost in the income statement and prospectively, on and after the effective date, for the capitalization of the service cost component of net periodic pension cost and net periodic post-retirement benefit in assets. The Company early adopted ASU 2017-07 on November 1, 2017 using a retrospective approach for each period presented. The impact of adoption for the period ended January 31, 2018 was $1.8 million of net periodic benefit costs, other than the service cost components, being recorded in the line item "Other expense, net" in the condensed consolidated statements of income. For the period ended January 31, 2017, $23.5 million of pension settlement charge previously presented within operating profit has been presented outside of operating profit in the condensed consolidated statement of income due to the retrospective adoption of this ASU. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows or disclosures.disclosures other than the impact discussed above.

In JanuaryAugust 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles - Goodwill2017-12, "Derivatives and OtherHedging (Topic 350)815),”" which simplifiesamends the subsequent measurementaccounting and disclosure requirements in ASC 815, "Derivatives and Hedging." The objective of goodwill in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 350 by eliminatingthis ASU is to improve transparency and reduce the step 2 requirement to perform procedures to determinecomplexity of hedge accounting. This ASU eliminates the fair value atseparate recognition of periodic hedge ineffectiveness for cash flow and net investment hedges. The update is effective for the impairment testing date of assetsCompany on November 1, 2019 using a modified retrospective approach and liabilities in order to calculate goodwill impairment based on the implied fair value of goodwill. This amendment modifies the concept of impairment from the condition that exists when the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value to the condition that exists when the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value.early adoption is permitted. The Company elected to adopt the new guidance beginningearly adopted ASU 2017-12 on FebruaryNovember 1, 2017 using a prospectivemodified retrospective approach, which resulted in a reclassification of $0.6 million loss out of “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax” and into “Retained Earnings” related to elimination of the cumulative ineffectiveness of cash flow hedges at the adoption date. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows or disclosures.disclosures other than the impact discussed above.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. This ASU is based on the principle that revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The ASU also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. The update is effective for the Company on November 1, 2018 using one of two retrospective application methods. The Company is in the process of determining the potential impact of adopting the new revenue standards butincluding conducting internal training sessions and reviewing global revenue surveys and key revenue contracts. The Company anticipates that the impact of adoption will be limited to expanded disclosures with no material impact on its financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income or cash flow.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)," which amends the lease accounting and disclosure requirements in ASC 840, "Leases". The objective of this update is to increase transparency and comparability among organizations recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about lease arrangements. This ASU will require the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities for those leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP. The update is effective for the Company on November 1, 2019 using a modified retrospective approach. The Company is in the process of determining the potential impact of adopting this guidance on its financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows and disclosures.

In August of 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230)," which amends the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments on the statement of cash flows. The update is effective for the Company on November 1, 2018 and early adoption is permitted, including any interim period. The update should be applied using a retrospective approach, excluding amendments for which retrospective application is impractical. The Company is in the process of determining the potential impact of adopting this guidance on its financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows and disclosures.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, "Intra-Equity"Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory (Topic 740)," which improves the accounting for income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. The update is effective for the Company on November 1, 2018 using a modified retrospective approach and early adoption is permitted, including any interim period. The Company is in the process of determining the potential impact of adopting this guidance on its financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows and disclosures.

DuringFor the ninethree months ended JulyJanuary 31, 2018, the Company completed no divestitures and no acquisitions. Proceeds from divestitures that were completed in fiscal year 2017 and collected during the three months ended January 31, 2018 were $0.5 million. Proceeds from divestitures that were completed in fiscal year 2015 and collected during the three months ended January 31, 2018 were $0.9 million. The Company has $2.9 million of notes receivable recorded from the sale of businesses.

For the three months ended January 31, 2017, the Company completed one divestiture, completed no acquisitions, deconsolidated two nonstrategic businesses,divestitures and liquidated one non-U.S. nonstrategic business. The Company completed one material divestiture in the Rigid Industrial Packaging & Services segment during the third quarter of 2017.no acquisitions. The Company deconsolidated one nonstrategic business in the Flexible Products & Services segment during the first quarter of 2017, and one nonstrategic business in the Rigid Industrial Packaging & Services segment during the second quarter of 2017. The Company liquidated one non-U.S. nonstrategic business in the Rigid Industrial Packaging & Services segment during the second quarter of 2017. The gaingenerating a loss on disposal of businesses was $2.2 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2017. Proceeds from divestitures were $3.7 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2017. Proceeds from divestitures that were completed in fiscal year 2015 and collected during the nine months ended July 31, 2017 were $0.8 million. The Company has $3.8 millionbusiness of notes receivable recorded from the sale of businesses, ranging in remaining terms from two months to seventeen months.

On April 27, 2012, Cooperage Receivables Finance B.V. (the “Main SPV”) and Greif Coordination Center BVBA, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Greif, Inc. (“Seller”), entered into the Nieuw Amsterdam Receivables Purchase Agreement (the “European RPA”) with affiliates of a major international bank (the “Purchasing Bank Affiliates”). On April 18, 2017, the Main SPV and Seller amended and extended the term of the existing European RPA. Under the European RPA, as amended, the maximum amount of receivables that may be sold and outstanding under the European RPA at any time is €100.0 million ($116.7123.8 million as of JulyJanuary 31, 2017)2018). Under the terms of the European RPA, the Company has the ability to loan excess cash to the Purchasing Bank Affiliates in the form of a subordinated loan receivable. During the first quarter of 2016, the Company collected $44.2 million that had been loaned to the Purchasing Bank Affiliates, as excess cash at the end of fiscal 2015.

Under the terms of the European RPA, the Company has agreed to sell trade receivables meeting certain eligibility requirements that the Seller had purchased from other indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company under a factoring agreement. The structure of the transactions provide for a legal true sale, on a revolving basis, of the receivables transferred from the Company's various subsidiaries to the respective Purchasing Bank Affiliates. The purchaser funds an initial purchase price of a certain percentage of eligible receivables based on a formula, with the initial purchase price approximating 75 percent to 90 percent of

eligible receivables. The remaining deferred purchase price is settled upon collection of the receivables. At the balance sheet reporting dates, the Company removes from accounts receivable the amount of proceeds received from the initial purchase price since they meet the applicable criteria of ASC 860, “Transfers and Servicing,” and the Company continues to recognize the deferred purchase price in prepaid expenses and other current assets or other current liabilities. The receivables are sold on a non-recourse basis with the total funds in the servicing collection accounts pledged to the banks between settlement dates.

In October 2007, Greif Singapore Pte. Ltd., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Greif, Inc., entered into the Singapore Receivable Purchase Agreement (the “Singapore RPA”) with a major international bank. The maximum amount of aggregate receivables that may be financed under the Singapore RPA is 15.0 million Singapore Dollars ($11.011.4 million as of JulyJanuary 31, 2017)2018). Under the terms of the Singapore RPA, the Company has agreed to sell trade receivables in exchange for an initial purchase price of approximately 90 percent of the eligible receivables. The remaining deferred purchase price is settled upon collection of the receivables.

The table below contains certain information related to the Company’s accounts receivable sales programs:

The table below contains certain information related to the Company’s accounts receivable sales programs and the impact it has on the condensed consolidated balance sheets:

The deferred purchase price related to the accounts receivable sold is reflected as prepaid expenses and other current assets or other current liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheetsheets and was initially recorded at an amount which approximates its fair value due to the short-term nature of these items. The cash received initially and the deferred purchase price relate to the sale or ultimate collection of the underlying receivables and are not subject to significant other risks given their short term nature; therefore, the Company reflects all cash flows under the accounts receivable sales programs as operating cash flows on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Additionally, the Company performs collections and administrative functions on the receivables sold, similar to the procedures it uses for collecting all of its receivables, including receivables that are not sold under the European RPA and the Singapore RPA. The servicing liability for these receivables is not material to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

As of October 31, 2016,2017, there was onewere two asset groupgroups in the Rigid Industrial Packaging & Services segment and one asset group in the Flexible Products & Services segment classified as assets and liabilities held for sale.

For the three months ended JulyJanuary 31, 2017,2018, the Company recorded a gain on disposal of properties, plants and equipment, net of $1.1 million. This included disposals of assets in the Flexible Products & Services segment that resulted in gains of $0.7 million and special use property sales that resulted in gains of $0.6 million in the Land Management segment, offset by disposals of assets in the Paper Packaging segment that resulted in a loss of $0.2 million.

For the three months ended JulyJanuary 31, 2016,2017, the Company recorded a gain on disposal of properties, plants and equipment, net of $0.7$1.0 million. This included disposals of assets in the Flexible ProductsRigid Industrial Packaging & Services segment classified as held for salethat resulted in gains of $0.6 million and special use property sales that resulted in gains of $0.4 million insurance recoveries that resulted in gains of $0.2 million in the Paper Packaging segment, other net gains totaling $0.3 million, offset by disposals of an asset in the Rigid Industrial Packaging & Services segment classified as held for sale that resulted in a loss of $0.2 million.

The following table summarizes the carrying amount of net other intangible assets by class as of JulyJanuary 31, 20172018 and October 31, 2016:2017:

Amortization expense for the three months ended JulyJanuary 31, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 was $3.1$3.8 million and $4.2 million, respectively. Amortization expense for the nine months ended July 31, 2017 and 2016 was $10.0 million and $12.7$3.8 million, respectively. Amortization expense for the next five years is expected to be $13.2 million in 2017, $12.2$15.4 million in 2018, $12.1$15.0 million in 2019, $11.5$14.5 million in 2020, and $10.0$12.8 million in 2021.2021 and $8.9 million in 2022.

Definite lived intangible assets for the periods presented are subject to amortization and are being amortized using the straight-line method over periods that are contractually, legally determined, or over the period a market participant would benefit from the asset.

The focus for restructuring activities in 20172018 is to continue to rationalize operations and close underperforming assets in the Rigid Industrial Packaging & Services and Flexible Products & Services segments. During the three months ended JulyJanuary 31, 2017,2018, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $3.9$4.1 million, as compared to $10.2a benefit of $0.3 million of restructuring charges recorded during the three months ended JulyJanuary 31, 2016.2017. The restructuring activity for the three months ended JulyJanuary 31, 20172018 consisted of $2.9$2.8 million in employee separation costs and $1.0 million in other restructuring costs. During the nine months ended July 31, 2017, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $8.7 million, which compares to $17.9 million of restructuring charges recorded during the nine months ended July 31, 2016. The restructuring activity for the nine months ended July 31, 2017 consisted of $6.8 million in employee separation costs and $1.9$1.3 million in other restructuring costs.

The following is a reconciliation of the total amounts expected to be incurred from approved restructuring plans or plans that are being formulated and have not been announced as of the date of this Form 10-Q. Remaining amounts expected to be incurred are $19.9$16.1 million as of JulyJanuary 31, 20172018 compared to $16.1$14.9 million as of October 31, 2016.2017. The change was due to the formulations of new plans during the period.

The Company evaluates whether an entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) whenever reconsideration events occur and performs reassessments of all VIEs quarterly to determine if the primary beneficiary status is appropriate. The Company consolidates VIEs for which it is the primary beneficiary. If the Company is not the primary beneficiary and an ownership interest is held, the VIE is accounted for under the equity or cost methods of accounting, as appropriate. When assessing the determination of the primary beneficiary, the Company considers all relevant facts and circumstances, including: the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance; and the obligation to absorb the expected losses and/or the right to receive the expected returns of the VIE.

In 2005, the Company sold certain timber properties to Plum Creek Timberlands, L.P. (“Plum Creek”) in a series of transactions that included the creation of two separate legal entities that are now consolidated as separate VIEs. One is an indirect subsidiary of Plum Creek (the “Buyer SPE”), and the other is STA Timber LLC, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“STA Timber”). As of JulyJanuary 31, 20172018 and October 31, 2016,2017, consolidated assets of the Buyer SPE consisted of $50.9 million of restricted bank financial instruments which are expected to be held to maturity. For both of the three month periods ended JulyJanuary 31, 20172018 and 2016,2017, Buyer SPE recorded interest income of $0.6 million. For both of the nine month periods ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, Buyer SPE recorded interest income of $1.8 million.

As of JulyJanuary 31, 20172018 and October 31, 2016,2017, STA Timber had consolidated long-term debt of $43.3 million. For both of the three month periods ended JulyJanuary 31, 20172018 and 2016,2017, STA Timber recorded interest expense of $0.5 million. For both of the nine month periods ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, STA Timber recorded interest expense of $1.7$0.6 million. The intercompany borrowing arrangement between the two VIEs is eliminated in consolidation. STA Timber is exposed to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by an issuer of a deed of guarantee in the transaction.

On September 29, 2010, Greif, Inc. and one of its indirect subsidiaries formed a joint venture (referred to herein as the “Flexible Packaging JV” or “FPS VIE”) with Dabbagh Group Holding Company Limited and one of its subsidiaries, originally National Scientific Company Limited and now Gulf Refined Packaging for Industrial Packaging Company LTD. The Flexible Packaging JV owns the operations in the Flexible Products & Services segment. The Flexible Packaging JV has been consolidated into the operations of the Company as of its formation date of September 29, 2010.

The Flexible Packaging JV is deemed to be a VIE since the total equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the legal entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support. The major factors that led to the conclusion that the Company was the primary beneficiary of this VIE was that (1) the Company has the power to direct the most significant activities due to its ability to direct the operating decisions of the FPS VIE, which power is derived from the significant CEO discretion over the operations of the FPS VIE combined with the Company’s sole and exclusive right to appoint the CEO of the FPS VIE, and (2) the significant variable interest through the Company’s equity interest in the FPS VIE.

All entities contributed to the Flexible Packaging JV were existing businesses acquired by one of the Company's indirect subsidiaries that were reorganized under Greif Flexibles Asset Holding B.V. and Greif Flexibles Trading Holding B.V.

The following table presents the Flexible Packaging JV total net assets:

Net (income) lossesincome attributable to the noncontrolling interest in the Flexible Packaging JV for the three months ended JulyJanuary 31, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 were $(1.5)was $1.1 million and $1.9 million, respectively; and for the nine months ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, net (income) losses attributable to the noncontrolling interest were $(3.3) million and $4.5$0.6 million, respectively.

As further described in Note 3, Cooperage Receivables Finance B.V. is a party to the European RPA. Cooperage Receivables Finance B.V. is deemed to be a VIE since this entity is not able to satisfy its liabilities without the financial support from the

On November 3, 2016, the Company and certain of its international subsidiaries entered into a new senior secured credit agreement (the “2017 Credit Agreement”) with a syndicate of financial institutions. The 2017 Credit Agreement replaced in its entirety the $1.0 billion senior secured credit agreement entered into on December 19, 2012, by the Company and two of its international subsidiaries ("Prior Credit Agreement") with a syndicate of financial institutions. The total available borrowing under the 2017 Credit Agreement was $661.7$687.4 million as of JulyJanuary 31, 2017,2018, which has been reduced by $11.9$14.4 million for outstanding letters of credit, all of which was then available without violating covenants.

The 2017 Credit Agreement provides for an $800.0 million revolving multicurrency credit facility expiring November 3, 2021, and a $300.0 million term loan, with quarterly principal installments that commenced on April 30, 2017, through maturity on November 3, 2021, both with an option to add an aggregate of $550.0 million to the facilities with the agreement of the lenders. The Company used the term loan on February 1, 2017, to repay the principal of the Company’s $300.0 million 6.75% Senior Notes that matured on that date. The revolving credit facility is available to fund ongoing working capital and capital expenditure needs, for general corporate purposes, and to finance acquisitions. Interest is based on either a Eurodollar rate or a base rate that resets periodically plus a calculated margin amount. On November 3, 2016, a total of approximately $208.0 million was used to pay the obligations outstanding under the Prior Credit Agreement in full and certain costs and expenses incurred in connection with the 2017 Credit Agreement. The financing costs associated with the 2017 Credit Agreement totaled $6.0$5.3 million as of JulyJanuary 31, 2017,2018, and are recorded as a direct deduction from the long-term debt liability.

The 2017 Credit Agreement contains certain covenants, which include financial covenants that require the Company to maintain a certain leverage ratio and an interest coverage ratio. The leverage ratio generally requires that at the end of any fiscal quarter the Company will not permit the ratio of (a) its total consolidated indebtedness, to (b) the Company's net income plus depreciation, depletion, and amortization, interest expense (including capitalized interest), and income taxes, minus certain extraordinary gains and non-recurring gains (or plus certain extraordinary losses and non-recurring losses) and plus or minus certain other items for the preceding twelve months ("adjusted EBITDA") to be greater than 4.00 to 1.00 (or 3.75 to 1.00, during any collateral release period). The interest coverage ratio generally requires that at the end of any fiscal quarter the Company will not permit the ratio of (a) adjusted EBITDA, to (b) the consolidated interest expense to the extent paid or payable, to be less than 3.00 to 1.00, during the applicable preceding twelve month period.

On July 28, 2009, the Company issued $250.0 million of 7.75% Senior Notes due August 1, 2019. Interest on these Senior Notes is payable semi-annually. The financing costs associated with the Senior Notes due 2019 totaled $0.9$0.7 million as of JulyJanuary 31, 2017,2018, and are recorded as a direct deduction from the long-term liability.

On July 15, 2011, Greif, Inc.’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Greif Nevada Holdings, Inc., S.C.S. issued €200.0 million of 7.375% Senior Notes due July 15, 2021. These Senior Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior basis by Greif, Inc. Interest on these Senior Notes is payable semi-annually.

On September 28, 2016,27, 2017 the Company amended and restated its existing receivables financing facility in the United States which matured in September of 2017 to establish a $150.0 million United States Trade Accounts Receivable Credit Facility (the "Receivables Facility”Facility") with a financial institution. The Receivables Facility matures inon September 2017, and the Company intends to renew this facility on similar terms.26, 2018. The $150.0$147.2 million outstanding balance as of JulyJanuary 31, 20172018 is reported in long-term debt in the condensed consolidated balance sheets because the Company intends to refinance the obligation on a long-term basis and has the intent and ability to consummate a long-term refinancing.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents the fair value for those assets and (liabilities) measured on a recurring basis as of JulyJanuary 31, 20172018 and October 31, 2016:2017:

The Company has various borrowing facilities which charge interest based on the 1one month U.S. dollar LIBOR rate plus an interest spread. During the first quarter of 2017, the Company entered into a forward interest rate swap with a notional amount of $300.0 million. As of February 1, 2017, the Company began to receive variable rate interest payments based upon one month U.S. dollar LIBOR and in return was obligated to pay interest at a fixed rate of 1.194%. This effectively converted the borrowing rate on $300.0 million of debt from a variable rate to a fixed rate. This derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge for accounting purposes. Accordingly, any effective portion of the gain or loss on this derivative instrument is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same line item associated with the forecasted transaction and in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Any ineffective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is recognized into earnings. For additional disclosures of the gain or loss included with other comprehensive income, see also Note 1615 to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements. The assumptions used in measuring fair value of the interest rate derivative are considered level 2 inputs, which are based upon LIBOR and interest paid based upon a designated fixed rate over the life of the swap agreements.

The Company conducts business in various international currencies and is subject to risks associated with changing foreign exchange rates. The Company’s objective is to reduce volatility associated with foreign exchange rate changes. Accordingly, the Company enters into various contracts that change in value as foreign exchange rates change to protect the value of certain existing foreign currency assets and liabilities, commitments and anticipated foreign currency cash flows.

Realized gainslosses recorded in other expense, net under fair value contracts were $0.6$0.5 million and $1.3 million for the three months ended JulyJanuary 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company recognized in other expense, net an unrealized net loss of $3.1 million and realized losses were$2.0$1.5 million forduring the three months ended JulyJanuary 31, 2016. Realized losses were $0.9 million2018 and $2.3 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2017, and 2016, respectively.

The fair values of the Company’s 2017 Credit Agreement and the Receivables Facility do not materially differ from carrying value as the Company’s cost of borrowing is variable and approximates current borrowing rates. The fair values of the Company’s long-term obligations are estimated based on either the quoted market prices for the same or similar issues or the current interest rates offered for the debt of the same remaining maturities, which are considered level 2 inputs in accordance with ASC Topic 820, Fair"Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures."

The following table presents the estimated fair values of the Company’s senior notes:

The assumptions used in measuring fair value of long-lived assets are considered level 3 inputs, which include bids received from third parties, recent purchase offers, market comparable information and discounted cash flows based on assumptions that market participants would use. As a result of the Company measuring long-lived assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis, during the nine months ended July 31, 2017, the Company recorded impairment charges of $0.3 million. As a result of the Company measuring long-lived assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis, during the nine months ended July 31, 2016, the Company recorded impairment charges of $5.0 million related to properties, plants and equipment, net, in the Rigid Industrial Packaging & Services segment, $1.5 million related to a cost method investment in the Paper Packaging & Services segment, and $0.8 million of properties, plants and equipment, net, in the Flexible Products & Services segment.

The assumptions used in measuring fair value of assets and liabilities held for sale are considered level 3 inputs, which include recent purchase offers, market comparables and/or data obtained from commercial real estate brokers. During the nine month period ended July 31, 2017, one asset group was reclassified to assets and liabilities held for sale, resulting in a $5.6 million impairment to net realizable value. During the nine month period ended July 31, 2016, three asset groups were reclassified to assets and liabilities held for sale, resulting in $23.6 million impairment to net realizable value. During the nine month period ended July 31, 2016, one asset group classified as held for sale as of October 31, 2015, was remeasured to net realizable value, resulting in an impairment of $14.0 million. For additional disclosures on the assets and liabilities held for sale, also see Note 5 to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

Income tax expense for the quarter was computed in accordance with ASC 740-270 "Income Taxes - Interim Reporting" (ASC 740-270). Under this method, losses from jurisdictions for which a valuation allowance hashave been provided have not been included in the amount to which the ASC 740-270 rate was applied. Income tax expense of the Company fluctuates primarily due to changes in income mix by jurisdiction, including changes in losses and income from jurisdictions for which a valuation allowance has been provided, and the impact of discrete items in the respective quarter.

On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Reform Act”). The legislation significantly changed U.S. tax law by, among other things, lowering the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018; allowing for the acceleration of expensing for certain business assets; requiring companies to pay a one-time transition tax on certain un-remitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries; and eliminating U.S. federal income tax on dividends from foreign subsidiaries. The rate change is administratively effective as of the beginning of our fiscal year, resulting in the Company asserted under ASC 740-30, formerlyusing a blended statutory rate for the annual period of 23.33%. The SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Principles Board opinion 23 ("APB 23"Bulletin

No. 118 (“SAB 118”), that unremitted to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Reform Act. The Company has recognized the provisional tax impacts related to deemed repatriated earnings of $35.9 million tax expense and the revaluation of deferred tax assets and liabilities of $65.0 million tax benefit, and, as a result, the net benefit included in its subsidiaries directly, or indirectly, owned by Greif International Holdings BV (“GIH”) were permanently reinvested. Asconsolidated financial statements for the quarter ended January 31, 2018 is $29.1 million. The final impact may differ from these provisional amounts, possibly materially, due to, among other things, additional analyses, changes in interpretations and assumptions the Company has made, additional regulatory guidance that may be issued, and actions the Company may take as a result of the Company’s debt re-financing concluded in November 2016, the Company reassessed its unremitted earnings position in the first quarter of fiscal year 2017. The Company concluded that the unremitted earnings of subsidiaries owned directly, or indirectly, by GIH may be used to fully fund the repayment of up to €187.0 million ($218.4 million as of July 31, 2017) of third-party debt of GIH’s non-U.S. parent company, Greif Luxembourg Holding Sarl, a company organized under the laws of Luxembourg. The amount of pre-2017 non-U.S. earnings that may be remitted to repay this debt is $104.0 million. Further, the Company has concluded that, until such third-party debt has been fully repaid, the current earnings of the subsidiaries owned directly, or indirectly, by GIH may be distributed to and utilized to repay such debt. Accordingly, deferred tax liabilities of $3.6 million related to withholding taxes have been recorded through the third quarter of 2017 with respect to the $104.0 million of pre-2017 unremitted earnings, which represents the total tax liability for all of the pre-2017 unremitted earnings expected to be remitted and, starting in fiscal year 2017, deferred tax liabilities have been recorded on current year earnings not required to be immediately reinvested by the respective subsidiary of GIH. During the third quarter of 2017, €145.0 million ($169.3 million as of July 31, 2017) of the debt was repaid, utilizing, in part, $104.0 million of pre-2017 earnings distributed to GIH during the quarter. Other than this change in assertion with respect to the unremitted earnings of subsidiaries owned directly, or indirectly, by GIH, the Company has not recognized U.S. deferred income taxes on its undistributed earnings from other non-U.S. subsidiaries as it is the Company’s intention to reinvest those earnings indefinitely outside of the U.S., or to repatriate the earnings only when it is tax-efficient to do so.Tax Reform Act.

During the ninethree months ended JulyJanuary 31, 2017, in the United States, an annuity contract for approximately $49.2 million was purchased with United States defined benefit plan assets, and the pension obligation for certain retirees in the United States under that plan was irrevocably transferred from that plan to the annuity contract. Additionally, lump sum payments totaling $42.4$35.1 million were made from the defined benefit plan assets to certain participants who agreed to such payments, representing the current fair value of the participant’s respective pension benefit. The settlement items described above resulted in a decrease in the fair value of plan assets and the projected benefit obligation of $91.6$84.3 million and a non-cash pension settlement charge of $25.6$23.5 million of unrecognized net actuarial loss included in accumulated other comprehensive loss.

The Company may become involved from time-to-time in litigation and regulatory matters incidental to its business, including governmental investigations, enforcement actions, personal injury claims, product liability, employment health and safety matters, commercial disputes, intellectual property matters, disputes regarding environmental clean-up costs, litigation in connection with acquisitions and divestitures, and other matters arising out of the normal conduct of its business. The Company intends to vigorously defend itself in such litigation. The Company does not believe that the outcome of any pending litigation will have a material adverse effect on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

The Company maywill accrue for contingencies related to litigation and regulatory matters if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable and unfavorable resolutions can occur, assessing contingencies is highly subjective and requires judgments about future events. The Company regularly reviews contingencies to determine whether its accruals are adequate. The amount of ultimate loss may differ from these estimates.

The Company is currently involved in legal proceedings outside of the United States related to various wrongful termination lawsuits filed by former employees and benefit claims filed by some existing employees of our Flexible Products & Services segment.  The lawsuits include claims for severance for employment periods prior to the Company’s ownership in the business.  As of JulyJanuary 31, 20172018 and October 31, 2016,2017, the estimated liability recorded related to these matters were $3.8$4.0 million and $1.3 million.$5.7 million, respectively.  The estimated liability has been determined based on the number of active cases and the settlements and rulings on previous cases.  It is reasonably possible the estimated liability could increase if additional cases are filed or adverse rulings are made.

As of JulyJanuary 31, 20172018 and October 31, 2016,2017, environmental reserves were $6.9$8.3 million and $6.8$7.1 million, respectively, and were recorded on an undiscounted basis. These reserves are principally based on environmental studies and cost estimates provided by third parties, but also take into account management estimates. The estimated liabilities are reduced to reflect the anticipated participation of other potentially responsible parties in those instances where it is probable that such parties are legally responsible and financially capable of paying their respective shares of relevant costs. For sites that involve formal actions subject to joint and several liabilities, these actions have formal agreements in place to apportion the liability. As of JulyJanuary 31, 20172018 and October 31, 2016,2017, environmental reserves of the Company included $4.4 million and $3.9$4.3 million, respectively, for various European drum facilities acquired from Blagden and Van Leer; $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively, for its various container life cycle management and recycling facilities; $1.3$1.9 million and $1.7$1.1 million, respectively, for remediation of sites no longer owned by the Company; and $0.9$1.7 million and $0.9$1.4 million, respectively, for various other facilities around the world.

The Company’s exposure to adverse developments with respect to any individual site is not expected to be material. Although environmental remediation could have a material effect on results of operations if a series of adverse developments occur in a particular quarter or year, the Company believes that the chance of a series of adverse developments occurring in the same quarter or year is remote. Future information and developments will require the Company to continually reassess the expected impact of these environmental matters.

The Company has two classes of common stock and, as such, applies the “two-class method” of computing earnings per share (“EPS”) as prescribed in ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share.” In accordance with this guidance, earnings are allocated in the same

are allocated first to Class A and Class B Common Stock to the extent that dividends are actually paid and the remainder is allocated assuming all of the earnings for the period have been distributed in the form of dividends.

The Class A Common Stock has no voting rights unless four quarterly cumulative dividends upon the Class A Common Stock are in arrears. The Class B Common Stock has full voting rights. There is no cumulative voting for the election of directors.

The following table summarizes the Company’s Class A and Class B common and treasury shares as of the specified dates:

Equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax, represent the Company’s share of earnings of affiliates in which the Company does not exercise control and has a 20 percent or more voting interest. Investments in such affiliates are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. If the fair value of an investment in an affiliate is below its carrying value and the difference is deemed to be other than temporary, the difference between the fair value and the carrying value is charged to earnings. The Company had an equity interest in two such affiliates as of July 31, 2017.

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests represent the portion of earnings from the operations of the Company’s consolidated subsidiaries attributable to unrelated third party equity owners that were deducted from net income to arrive at net income attributable to the Company. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests for the three months ended JulyJanuary 31, 20172018 and 20162017 was $3.6 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests for the nine months ended July 31, 2017 and 2016 was $10.1 million and $2.6 million, respectively.