Bank of Hawaii Corporation (the “Parent”) is a Delaware corporation and a bank holding company headquartered in Honolulu, Hawaii.  Bank of Hawaii Corporation and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) provide a broad range of financial products and services to customers in Hawaii, Guam, and other Pacific Islands.  The majority of the Company’s operations consist of customary commercial and consumer banking services including, but not limited to, lending, leasing, deposit services, trust and investment activities, brokerage services, and trade financing.  The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Parent and its subsidiaries.  The Parent’s principal operating subsidiary is Bank of Hawaii (the “Bank”).

The consolidated financial statements in this report have not been audited by an independent registered public accounting firm, but, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods.  All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature.  Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.  Certain prior period information has been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.  Operating results for the interim periods disclosed herein are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full fiscal year or for any future period.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X.  Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and accompanying notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the financial statements and accompanying notes.  Actual results may differ from those estimates and such differences could be material to the financial statements.

Variable interests are defined as contractual ownership or other interests in an entity that change with fluctuations in an entity’s net asset value.  The primary beneficiary consolidates the variable interest entity (“VIE”).  The primary beneficiary is defined as the enterprise that has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could be significant to the VIE.

The Company hasparticipates in limited partnership interests in severalpartnerships or limited liability companies that sponsor low-income housing partnerships.projects.  These partnershipsentities provide funds for the construction and operation of apartment complexes that provide affordable housing to lower-income households.  If these developments successfully attract a specified percentage of residents falling in that lower-income range, state and/or federal income tax credits are made available to the partners.  The tax credits are generally recognized over 10 years.years for federal and 5 years for state.  In order to continue receiving the tax credits each year over the life of the partnership,entity, the low-income residency targets must be maintained.

For pre-2015 investments, the Company utilized the effective yield method whereby the Company recognized tax credits generally over 10 years and amortized the initial cost of the investment to provide a constant effective yield over the period that tax credits are allocated to the Company.  OnBeginning January 1, 2015, new investments that meet the Company adopted ASU No. 2014-01, “Accounting for Investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Projects” prospectively for new investments. ASU No. 2014-01 permits reporting entities to make an accounting policy election to account for their investments in qualified affordable housing projects usingrequirements of the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. As permitted by ASU No. 2014-01, the Company elected to continue to utilize the effective yield method for investments made prior to January 1, 2015.

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Unfunded commitments to fund these low-income housing partnershipsentities were $26.5$44.6 million and $16.2$53.0 million as of September 30, 2017March 31, 2021, and December 31, 2016,2020, respectively.  These unfunded commitments are unconditional and legally binding

Although these entities meet the definition of a VIE; however,VIE, the Company is not the primary beneficiary of the entities, as the general partner has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the entities and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could be significant to the entities.  While the partnership agreements allow the limited partners, through a majority vote, to remove the general partner, this right is not deemed to be substantive as the general partner can only be removed for cause.

The Company also incorporates a reasonable and supportable (“R&S”) loss forecast period, which is currently one year, to account for the effect of forecasted economic conditions and other factors on the performance of the commercial portfolio, which could differ from historical loss experience.  The Company performs a quarterly asset quality review which includes a review of forecasted gross charge-offs and recoveries, nonperforming assets, criticized loans and leases, and risk rating migration.  The asset quality review is reviewed by management and the results are used to consider a qualitative adjustment to the quantitative baseline.  After the one-year R&S loss forecast period, this adjustment assumes an immediate reversion to historical loss rates for the remaining expected life of the loan.

The Company establishes a specific reserve for individually evaluated loans which do not share similar risk characteristics with the loans included in the quantitative baseline.  These individually evaluated loans are removed from the pooling approach discussed above for the quantitative baseline, and include non-accrual loans, troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”), and other loans as deemed appropriate by management.  In addition, the Company individually evaluates “reasonably expected” TDRs, which are identified by the Company as a commercial loan expected to be classified as a TDR within the next six months.  Management judgment is utilized to make this determination.

Consumer Portfolio Segment

The historical loss experience for the consumer portfolio segment is primarily determined duringusing a Vintage method.  This method measures historical loss behavior in the fourthform of a historical loss rate for homogenous loan pools that originate in the same period, known as a vintage.  The historical loss rates are then applied to origination loan balances by vintage to determine the quantitative baseline portion of the Allowance for most of the consumer portfolio segment.  The homogenous loan pools are segmented according to similar risk characteristics (e.g., residential mortgage, home equity) and may be sub-segmented further (e.g., geography, lien position) depending on the product.

The Company also considers qualitative adjustments to the quantitative baseline.  For example, the Company considers the impact of current environmental factors at the reporting date that did not exist over the period from which historical experience was used.  The environmental factors considered for the consumer portfolio are similar to the aforementioned factors considered for the commercial portfolio.

The Company also incorporates a one-year R&S loss forecast period to account for forecasted economic conditions and other factors on the performance of the consumer portfolio which could differ from historical loss experience.  The Company performs a quarterly asset quality review designed to estimate gross charge-offs and recoveries for the forecast period.  Management evaluates additional factors that may not be reflected in the net charge-off forecast to determine whether a qualitative adjustment is warranted.

As of the January 1, 2020, implementation date, and following the one-year R&S loss forecast period, the Company chose a reversion back to average historical loss rates using a straight line method based on forecasted and relatively benign economic conditions at the measurement date, with the exception of the home equity portfolio.  For the home equity portfolio, the Company elected to revert back to average historical loss rates using a straight line method over the halfway point of the average life of the portfolio.  The halfway point is used for the home equity portfolio given the longer average life length compared to the other consumer portfolios.

Since the first quarter of 20162020, the proceedsCompany has chosen an immediate reversion back to average historical loss rates following the one-year R&S loss forecast period.  The reversion method, however, does not reflect the potential for higher losses than pre-pandemic levels due to the impact of COVID-19 beyond the R&S loss forecast period, which the Company has addressed through other qualitative adjustments.

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The Company establishes a specific reserve for individually evaluated loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with the loans included in the quantitative baseline.  These individually evaluated loans include “reasonably expected” TDRs, identified by the Company as a consumer loan for which a borrower’s application of loan modification due to hardship has been approved by the Company.

See Note 4 Loans and Leases and the Allowance for Credit Losses for more information.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Held-to-Maturity (“HTM”) Debt Securities

The Company’s HTM debt securities are also required to utilize the CECL approach to estimate expected credit losses.  Substantially all of the Company’s HTM debt securities are issued by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises.  These securities carry the explicit and/or implicit guarantee of the U.S. government, are widely recognized as “risk free,” and have a long history of zero credit loss.  Therefore, the Company did not record an allowance for credit losses for these securities.

The Company also carries a limited portfolio of HTM municipal bonds.  As of March 31, 2021, the entire portfolio consisted of State of Hawaii bonds carrying a Moody’s rating of Aa2, with a portion of these bonds escrowed to maturity.  To estimate the expected credit losses, the Company utilized the probability of default (“PD”)/loss given default (“LGD”) methodology.  The PD, which represents the percentage likelihood that a bond will default over a given time period, is primarily based upon the bond’s current credit rating and maturity and computed using Moody’s rating transition matrix, which provides the probability of a rating migrating to default within a one-year period (adjustments are made for longer maturities).  The LGD, which represents the percentage of loss if a default occurs, is based on the median recovery rate for municipals according to Moody’s.  The Company’s exposure at default, represented by the carrying value of the municipal bond portfolio, is multiplied with the PD and the LGD to arrive at the expected credit loss.  Management may exercise discretion to make adjustments based on environmental factors.  As of March 31, 2021, the Company determined that the expected credit loss on its municipal bond portfolio was de minimis, and therefore, an allowance for credit losses was not recorded.  See Note 3 Investment Securities for more information.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Available-for-Sale (“AFS”) Debt Securities

The impairment model for available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities differs from the CECL approach utilized by HTM debt securities because AFS debt securities are measured at fair value rather than amortized cost.  Although ASU No. 2016-13 replaced the legacy other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) model with a credit loss model, it retained the fundamental nature of the legacy OTTI model.  One notable change from the legacy OTTI model is when evaluating whether credit loss exists, an entity may no longer consider the length of time fair value has been less than amortized cost.  For AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis.  If either criteria is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income.  For AFS debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors.  In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors.  If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security.  If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis.  Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income.  Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as a provision for (or reversal of) credit losses.  Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of an AFS security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met.  As of March 31, 2021, the Company determined that the unrealized loss positions in AFS securities were not the result of credit losses, and therefore, an allowance for credit losses was not recorded.  See Note 3 Investment Securities for more information.

Accrued Interest Receivable (“AIR”)

Upon adoption of ASU No. 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” and its related amendments on January 1, 2020, the Company made the following elections regarding AIR:

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Collateral-Dependent Loans

A financial asset is considered collateral-dependent when the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral.  For all classes of loans and leases deemed collateral-dependent, the Company elected the practical expedient to estimate expected credit losses based on the collateral’s fair value less cost to sell.  In most cases, the Company records a partial charge-off to reduce the loan’s carrying value to the collateral’s fair value less cost to sell.  Substantially all of the collateral consists of various types of real estate including residential mortgage loans transferred from portfolioproperties; commercial properties such as retail centers, office buildings, and lodging; agriculture land; and vacant land.

Reserve for Unfunded Commitments (the “Unfunded Reserve”)

The Unfunded Reserve represents the expected credit losses on off-balance sheet commitments such as unfunded commitments to heldextend credit and standby letters of credit.  However, a liability is not recognized for sale were incorrectly reported oncommitments unconditionally cancellable by the Company.  The Unfunded Reserve is recognized as a liability (other liabilities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The consolidated statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was adjusted to decrease the originations of loans held for sale by $136.7 million, decrease the proceeds from sales of loans held for sale by $116.6 million, and decrease the net change in other assets and other liabilities by $0.1 million. The net result was a $20.1 million increasecondition), with adjustments to the net cash provided by operating activities. In addition, the net changereserve recognized in loans and leases was increased by $138.2 million, and a new line item, proceeds from sales of loans, was insertedprovision for $118.1 million, resultingcredit losses in a $20.1 million increase to net cash used in investing activities. Lastly, listed in the Supplemental Information section as a non-cash investing activity, transfers from loans to loans held for sale was decreased by $3.5 million. These corrections did not impact the consolidated statements of incomeincome.  The Unfunded Reserve is determined by estimating future draws and applying the expected loss rates on those draws.  Future draws are based on historical averages of utilization rates (i.e., the likelihood of draws taken).  To estimate future draws on unfunded balances, current utilization rates are compared to historical utilization rates.  If current utilization rates are below historical utilization rates, the rate difference is applied to the committed balance to estimate the future draw.  Loss rates are estimated by utilizing the same loss rates calculated for the Allowance general reserves.  For the commercial portfolio, the historical loss rates were calculated utilizing the Cohort methodology, while the consumer portfolio utilized the Vintage methodology.

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Operating, Accounting and Reporting Considerations related to COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the global economy, including Hawaii and the Pacific Islands.  In response to this crisis, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was passed by Congress and signed into law on March 27, 2020.  The CARES Act, along with subsequent relief programs, provided substantial funding to fight the COVID-19 pandemic and stimulate the economy by supporting individuals and businesses through loans, grants, tax changes, and other types of relief.  Some of the provisions applicable to the Company include, but are not limited to:

Also in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“FRB”), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), the National Credit Union Administration (“NCUA”), the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”), and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”), in consultation with the state financial regulators (collectively, the “agencies”) issued a joint interagency statement (issued March 22, 2020; revised statement issued April 7, 2020).  Some of the provisions applicable to the Company include, but are not limited to:

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The Company began offering short-term loan modifications to assist borrowers during the COVID-19 pandemic.  These modifications generally involve principal and/or interest payment deferrals for up to six months.  These modifications generally meet the criteria of both Section 4013 of the CARES Act and the joint interagency statement, and therefore, the Company does not account for such loan modifications as TDRs.  As the COVID-19 pandemic persists in negatively impacting the economy, the Company continues to offer additional loan modifications to borrowers struggling as a result of COVID-19.  Similar to the initial modifications granted, the additional round of loan modifications are granted specifically under Section 4013 of the CARES Act and generally involve principal and/or interest payment deferrals for up to an additional six months for commercial and consumer loans, and principal-only deferrals for up to an additional 12 months for selected commercial loans.  On August 3, 2020, the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council on behalf of its members (collectively “the FFIEC members”) issued a joint statement on additional loan accommodations related to COVID-19.  The joint statement clarifies that for loan modifications in which Section 4013 is being applied, subsequent modifications could also be eligible under Section 4013.  To be eligible, each loan modification must be (1) related to the COVID-19 event; (2) executed on a loan that was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019; and (3) executed between March 1, 2020, and the earlier of (A) 60 days after the date of termination of the National Emergency or (B) December 31, 2020.  The December 31, 2020 deadline was subsequently extended to January 1, 2022, by the CAA.  Substantially all of the Company’s additional round of loan modifications granted under Section 4013 of the CARES Act are in compliance with the aforementioned FFIEC requirements.  Accordingly, the Company does not account for such loan modifications as TDRs.

In April 2020, the FASB staff issued a Q&A document on accounting for lease concessions related to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.  The FASB staff noted that entities may elect to not evaluate whether certain concessions provided by lessors to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on lessees are lease modifications.  This option is intended to reduce the operational challenges of individually assessing every COVID-19 related lease concession to determine whether it results in having to apply Topic 842 lease modification guidance. This election is available only for concessions related to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic that do not result in a substantial increase in either the rights of the lessor or the consolidated statementsobligations of condition.the lessee.  For entities that choose this election, they may account for the concession as if no changes to the lease contract were made.  Under that accounting, a lessor would continue to recognize income.  The Company evaluatedhas elected to apply the effectrelief provided by the FASB not to evaluate individual contracts.  The Company also elected not to apply the lease modification framework for concessions granted.

The Company, as lessor, granted lease concessions on some of its sales-type finance leases for equipment and automobiles.  Equipment lease concessions primarily consist of interest-only payments for a six-month period.  Regular lease payments resume after the six-month period and the maturity date is extended by six months.  Automobile lease concessions primarily consist of six-month extension programs whereby lease payments currently due are deferred and shifted to the end of the incorrect presentationlease term.  Interest income continues to accrue during the deferral period.  As of March 31, 2021, the consolidated statementsCompany has not offered a material amount of cash flows, both qualitativelyconcessions.

The Company, as lessor, leases and quantitatively,subleases real property to lessee tenants under operating leases.  As of March 31, 2021, no material lease concessions have been granted to lessees.  The Company, as lessee, also leases real estate property for branch locations, ATM locations, and concluded it didoffice space.  As of March 31, 2021, the Company has not materially misstate the Company’s previously issued financial statements.

In March 2016,December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, 2019-12, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.”  This ASU includes provisions intendedsimplifies the accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions to simplify various aspectsthe guidance in ASC 740 related to how share-based payments are accountedthe approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and presentedthe recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences.  The new guidance also simplifies aspects of the accounting for franchise taxes and enacted changes in tax laws or rates and clarifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the financial statements. Sometax basis of the key provisionsgoodwill.  Finally, it clarifies that single-member limited liability companies and similar disregarded entities that are not subject to income tax are not required to recognize an allocation of this new ASU include: (1) companies will no longer record excess tax benefits and certain tax deficiencies in additional paid-in capital (“APIC”). Instead, they will record all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies asconsolidated income tax expense or benefit in the income statement, and APIC pools will be eliminated. The guidance also eliminates the requirement that excess tax benefits be realized before companies can recognize them. In addition, the guidance requires companiestheir separate financial statements, but they could elect to present excess tax benefits as an operating activity on the statement of cash flows rather than as a financing activity; (2) increase the amount an employer can withhold to cover income taxes on awards and still qualify for the exception to liability classification for shares used to satisfy the employer’s statutory income tax withholding obligation. The new guidance will also require an employer to classify the cash paid to a tax authority when shares are withheld to satisfy its statutory income tax withholding obligation as a financing activity on its statement of cash flows (current guidance did not specify how these cash flows should be classified); and (3) permit companies to make an accounting policy election for the impact of forfeitures on the recognition of expense for share-based payment awards. Forfeitures can be estimated, as required today, or recognized when they occur.do so.  ASU No. 2016-092019-12 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company adopted2020.  ASU No. 2016-09 on January 1, 2017 and elected to recognize forfeitures as they occur. As allowed by the ASU, the Company’s adoption was prospective; therefore, prior periods have not been adjusted. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-09 could result in increased volatility to reported income tax expense related to excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies for employee share-based transactions. However, the actual amounts recognized in income tax expense will be dependent on the amount of employee share-based transactions and the stock price at the time of vesting or exercise. For the first nine months of 2017, the adoption of ASU No. 2016-09 resulted in a decrease to the provision for income taxes primarily due to the tax benefit from the exercise of stock options and the vesting of restricted stock.

In May 2014, the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board (the “IASB”) jointly issued a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). Previous revenue recognition guidance in GAAP consisted of broad revenue recognition concepts together with numerous revenue requirements for particular industries or transactions, which sometimes resulted in different accounting for economically similar transactions. In contrast, IFRS provided limited revenue recognition guidance and, consequently, could be difficult to apply to complex transactions. Accordingly, the FASB and the IASB initiated a joint project to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue and to develop a common revenue standard for U.S. GAAP and IFRS that would: (1) remove inconsistencies and weaknesses in revenue requirements; (2) provide a more robust framework for addressing revenue issues; (3) improve comparability of revenue recognition practices across entities, industries, jurisdictions, and capital markets; (4) provide more useful information to users of financial statements through improved disclosure requirements; and (5) simplify the preparation of financial statements by reducing the number of requirements to which an entity must refer. To meet those objectives,January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, 2021-01, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope.” The standard’s core principle is  This ASU clarifies that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goodsall derivative instruments affected by changes to the interest rates used for discounting, margining or servicescontract price alignment due to customersreference rate reform are in an amountthe scope of ASC 848.  Entities may apply certain optional expedients in ASC 848 to derivative instruments that reflects the consideration to which the company expectsdo not reference LIBOR or another rate expected to be entitled in exchangediscontinued as a result of reference rate reform if there is a change to the interest rate used for those goodsdiscounting, margining or services. In doing so, companies generally will be requiredcontract price alignment.  The ASU also clarifies other aspects of ASC 848 and provides new guidance on how to use more judgment and make more estimates than under current guidance. These may include identifying performance obligations inaddress the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. The standard was initially effective for public entities for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016; early adoption was not permitted. However, in August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Deferraleffects of the Effective Date” which deferred the effective date by one year (i.e., to interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017). For financial reporting purposes, the standard allows for either full retrospective adoption, meaning the standardcash compensation adjustment that is applied to allprovided as part of the periods presented, or modified retrospective adoption, meaning the standard is applied only to the most current period presented in the financial statements with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of initial application. In addition, the FASB has begun to issue targeted updates to clarify specific implementation issues of ASU 2014-09. These updates include ASU No. 2016-08, “Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net),” ASU No. 2016-10, “Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing,” ASU No. 2016-12, “Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients,” and ASU No. 2016-20 “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” Since the guidance does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including loans and securities that are accounted for under other GAAP, the Company does not expect the new guidance to have a material impactabove change on revenue most closely associated with financial instruments, including interest income and expense. The Company is substantially complete with its overall assessment of revenue streams and reviewing of related contracts potentially affected by the ASU, including trust and asset management fees, deposit related fees, interchange fees, merchant income, and annuity and insurance commissions. The Company’s assessment suggests that adoption of this ASU should not materially change the method in which we currently recognize revenue for these revenue streams. The Company is also substantially complete with its evaluation of certain costs related to these revenue streams to determine whether such costs should be presented as expenses or contra-revenue (i.e., gross vs. net). In addition, the Company is evaluating the ASU’s expanded disclosure requirements. The Company plans to adopt ASU No. 2014-09 on January 1, 2018 utilizing the modified retrospective approach with a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings, if such adjustment is deemed to be material.