UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
ý Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
 For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017
or
 
¨ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the transition period from                             to                             
 
Commission File Number 1-7234
 
 GP STRATEGIES CORPORATION
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Delaware 52-0845774
(State of Incorporation) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
70 Corporate Center 
  
11000 Broken Land Parkway, Suite 200, Columbia, MD 21044
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
 
(443) 367-9600

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes   ý No   ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes   ý No   ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company”company, or an emerging growth company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 
Large accelerated filer   ¨
¨
Accelerated filer   x
Non-accelerated filer   ¨
Smaller reporting company  
¨Emerging growth company  ¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12(b)-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes   ¨ No   ý
 
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock as of October 24, 2016April 25, 2017 was as follows:
Class Outstanding 
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share 16,686,72716,727,281 shares 






GP STRATEGIES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Page
   
Part I.Financial Information 
   
Item 1.Financial Statements (Unaudited) 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
Item 2.
   
Item 3.
   
Item 4.
   
Part II.
   
Item 1.
   
Item 1A.
   
Item 2.
   
Item 6.
   
 

Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements 
GP STRATEGIES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
September 30, 2016 (Unaudited) December 31, 2015March 31, 2017 (Unaudited) December 31, 2016
Assets 
  
 
  
Current assets:      
Cash and cash equivalents$15,695
 $21,030
Accounts and other receivables, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,467 in 2016 and $1,856 in 201589,939
 90,912
Cash$15,452
 $16,346
Accounts and other receivables, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,252 in 2017 and $1,091 in 2016100,273
 105,549
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts53,137
 46,061
47,327
 39,318
Prepaid expenses and other current assets14,028
 9,173
11,529
 11,481
Total current assets172,799
 167,176
174,581
 172,694
Property, plant and equipment20,118
 20,629
20,662
 20,053
Accumulated depreciation(15,216) (14,384)(16,104) (15,506)
Property, plant and equipment, net4,902
 6,245
4,558
 4,547
Goodwill121,578
 121,975
131,738
 127,772
Intangible assets, net4,864
 6,221
7,659
 5,825
Other assets3,158
 733
6,006
 4,763
$307,301

$302,350
$324,542

$315,601
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity 
  
 
  
Current liabilities: 
  
 
  
Short-term borrowings$44,849
 $34,084
$23,529
 $17,694
Current portion of long-term debt13,333
 13,333
12,000
 12,000
Accounts payable and accrued expenses67,066
 61,071
61,149
 64,596
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts13,759
 18,366
21,677
 18,545
Total current liabilities139,007
 126,854
118,355
 112,835
Long-term debt1,111
 11,111
25,000
 28,000
Other noncurrent liabilities5,116
 6,041
8,903
 7,270
Total liabilities145,234
 144,006
152,258
 148,105
      
Stockholders’ equity: 
  
 
  
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share172
 172
172
 172
Additional paid-in capital106,919
 105,872
106,958
 106,569
Retained earnings87,113
 73,598
97,794
 93,845
Treasury stock at cost(13,274) (8,497)(12,134) (11,628)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(18,863) (12,801)(20,506) (21,462)
Total stockholders’ equity162,067
 158,344
172,284
 167,496
$307,301

$302,350
$324,542

$315,601
 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

GP STRATEGIES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share data)
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
2016 2015 2016 20152017 2016
Revenue$121,978
 $122,931
 $363,276
 $363,849
$122,447
 $115,756
Cost of revenue101,974
 102,562
 305,001
 304,269
103,059
 97,829
Gross profit20,004

20,369

58,275

59,580
19,388

17,927
Selling, general and administrative expenses11,996
 12,253
 36,245
 35,859
12,994
 11,970
Restructuring charges
 1,195
 
 1,195
Loss on change in fair value of contingent consideration, net(3) (56) (74) (314)
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of contingent consideration, net197
 (159)
Operating income8,005

6,865

21,956

22,212
6,591

5,798
Interest expense366
 340
 970
 1,011
438
 245
Other income (expense)(28) (606) 601
 (1,141)(75) 454
Income before income tax expense7,611

5,919

21,587

20,060
6,078

6,007
Income tax expense2,809
 2,203
 8,072
 7,523
1,992
 2,207
Net income$4,802

$3,716

$13,515

$12,537
$4,086

$3,800
          
Basic weighted average shares outstanding16,646
 17,117
 16,694
 17,151
16,741
 16,758
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding16,747
 17,272
 16,800
 17,313
16,841
 16,831
          
Per common share data: 
  
  
  
 
  
Basic earnings per share$0.29
 $0.22
 $0.81
 $0.73
$0.24
 $0.23
Diluted earnings per share$0.29
 $0.22
 $0.80
 $0.72
$0.24
 $0.23
 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

GP STRATEGIES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
2016 2015 2016 20152017 2016
Net income$4,802
 $3,716
 $13,515
 $12,537
$4,086
 $3,800
Foreign currency translation adjustments(1,950) (2,696) (6,062) (3,794)1,011
 (396)
Change in fair value of interest rate swap$(55) $
Comprehensive income$2,852
 $1,020
 $7,453
 $8,743
$5,042
 $3,404
 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

GP STRATEGIES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
NineThree Months Ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016 and 2015
(Unaudited, in thousands)
2016 20152017 2016
Cash flows from operating activities: 
  
 
  
Net income$13,515
 $12,537
$4,086
 $3,800
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: 
  
 
  
Loss on change in fair value of contingent consideration, net74
 314
(Gain) loss on change in fair value of contingent consideration, net(197) 159
Depreciation and amortization4,969
 6,014
1,443
 1,765
Deferred income taxes(1,596) 
118
 
Non-cash compensation expense4,456
 4,473
1,458
 1,496
Changes in other operating items: 
  
 
  
Accounts and other receivables(1,054) (1,418)5,753
 4,644
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts(8,655) (9,914)(7,570) 3,914
Prepaid expenses and other current assets(4,793) 220
(330) (2,641)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses10,791
 5,275
(2,481) (3,654)
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts(4,361) (6,695)2,047
 (376)
Contingent consideration payments in excess of fair value on acquisition date(540) (325)
Other(908) (953)(209) (544)
Net cash provided by operating activities11,898
 9,528
4,118
 8,563
      
Cash flows from investing activities: 
  
 
  
Additions to property, plant and equipment(1,184) (1,831)(525) (575)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired(2,161) 
(3,193) (2,330)
Other investing activities(2,037) 85
(344) 13
Net cash used in investing activities(5,382) (1,746)(4,062) (2,892)
      
Cash flows from financing activities: 
  
 
  
Proceeds from short-term borrowings10,765
 12,108
5,820
 (992)
Repayment of long-term debt(10,000) (10,000)(3,000) (3,333)
Contingent consideration payments(2,085) (2,284)
Change in negative cash book balance(1,651) (1,865)(2,313) (1,659)
Tax withholding payments for employee stock-based compensation in exchange for shares surrendered(400) (650)
Income tax benefit of stock-based compensation133
 435
Repurchases of common stock in the open market(7,959) (6,535)(1,674) (4,291)
Proceeds from stock option exercises42
 115
Other financing activities
 (10)(134) 
Net cash used in financing activities(11,155) (8,686)(1,301) (10,275)
      
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(696) (6)351
 44
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents(5,335) (910)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period21,030
 14,541
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$15,695
 $13,631
Net decrease in cash(894) (4,560)
Cash at beginning of period16,346
 21,030
Cash at end of period$15,452
 $16,470
      
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:      
Cash paid during the period for income taxes$6,228
 $5,655
$491
 $2,594
 See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

GP STRATEGIES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
September 30, 2016March 31, 2017
(Unaudited)


(1)Basis of Presentation

GP Strategies Corporation is a global performance improvement solutions provider of training, e-Learning solutions, management consulting and engineering services. References in this report to “GP Strategies,” the “Company,” “we” and “our” are to GP Strategies Corporation and its subsidiaries, collectively.
 
The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 and the condensed consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income and cash flows for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016 and 2015 have not been audited, but have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015,2016, as presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.2016. In the opinion of management, this interim information includes all material adjustments, which are of a normal and recurring nature, necessary for a fair presentation. The results for the 20162017 interim period are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the entire year.
 
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the operations of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
 
(2)Recent Accounting Standards Issued

Accounting Standard Adopted

In May 2014,March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718) ("ASU 2016-09"), which simplifies several areas of accounting for share-based compensation arrangements. Upon adoption, ASU 2016-09 requires that excess tax benefits or deficiencies for share-based payments be recorded as income tax expense or benefit and reflected within operating cash flows rather than being recorded within equity and reflected within financing cash flows. The standard also requires companies to make an accounting policy election on whether to account for forfeitures on share-based payments by 1) recognizing forfeitures as they occur; or 2) estimating the number of awards expected to be forfeited and periodically adjusting the estimate, as was previously required. The standard is effective for annual and interim reporting periods of public companies beginning after December 15, 2016, although early adoption is permitted. We adopted ASU 2016-09 on January 1, 2017 and elected to make an accounting policy change to recognize forfeitures as they occur. The impact of adoption on the condensed consolidated balance sheet was a cumulative-effect adjustment of $0.1 million, decreasing opening retained earnings. We recognized an income tax benefit of $0.1 million relating to excess tax benefits on stock-based compensation awards during the first quarter of 2017 and could experience volatility in our effective income tax rate in the future as a result of this accounting change. We also elected to prospectively apply the change in presentation on the statement of cash flows and did not reclassify excess tax benefits on stock-based compensation from financing to operating cash flows for the prior period presented.


GP STRATEGIES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2017
(Unaudited)

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which provides a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and will supersede most current revenue recognition guidance. The ASU’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 is effective for public companies for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017, which requires us to adopt the standard in the first quarter of 2018. Companies can elect to apply the provisions of ASU 2014-09 either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or retrospectively with a cumulative effect adjustment recognized at the date of adoption. We plan to adopt the standard effective January 1, 2018 and are currently evaluatingstill finalizing which transition method to use. Based on our assessment to date, we believe the new standard could result in a change in revenue recognition on certain fixed price projects from a proportional performance method, and impactwhere revenue is currently recognized over contract performance, to a completed contract method, where revenue would be recognized upon completion of our performance obligations. This change could result in a shift in the adoptiontiming of revenue recognition, causing quarter to quarter revenue fluctuations. We are continuing to evaluate ASU 2014-09 will haveand the impact of its adoption on our consolidated financial statements.statements and plan to provide additional information at a future date.
 
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases. This standard will require all leases with durations greater than twelve months to be recognized on the balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. ASU 2016-02 is effective for public companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We believe adoption of this standard will have a significant impact on our consolidated balance sheets.sheets because we will need to recognize substantially all of our operating leases as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on our balance sheet. Although we have not completed our assessment, we do not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-02 to materially change the recognition and measurement of lease expense within the consolidated statements of operations.

In March 2016,January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09,2017-04, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718)Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The standard is intendedwill remove step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the ASU, an entity should perform its annual goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to simplify several areas of accounting for share-based compensation arrangements. Underthat reporting unit. ASU 2016-09, companies will no longer record excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies to additional paid-in capital (APIC) on the settlement of awards. Instead, they will record all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement and APIC pools will be eliminated. ASU 2016-09 also requires companies to make an accounting policy election on whether to account for forfeitures on share-based payments by 1) recognizing forfeitures as they occur; or 2) estimating the number of awards expected to be forfeited and periodically adjusting the estimate, as is currently required. ASU 2016-09 also clarifies the statement of cash flows presentation for certain components of share-based awards. The standard2017-04 is effective for public companies for annual and interim reporting periods of public companies beginning after December 15, 2016, although early2019. Early adoption is permitted. We plan to adopt ASU 2016-09permitted for goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. Although weWe are currently still evaluating ASU 2017-04 and the impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements, we don't believe theits adoption of this standard will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. However, it could result in volatility in income tax expense from quarter to quarter as a result of the change in accounting for excess tax benefits on the settlement of awards.

GP STRATEGIES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2016
(Unaudited)

(3)Significant Customers & Concentration of Credit Risk

We have a market concentration of revenue in both the automotive sector and financial services & insurance sector. Revenue from the automotive industry accounted for approximately 22% and 18%20% of our consolidated revenue for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016, and 2015, respectively. In addition, we have a concentration of revenue from a single automotive customer, which accounted for approximately 13% and 12% of our consolidated revenue for both of the nine monthsthree-month periods ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 and 2015, respectively.2016. As of March 31, 2017, accounts receivable from a single automotive customer totaled $14.5 million, or 14% of our consolidated accounts receivable balance.

Revenue from the financial services & insurance industry accounted for approximately 21%20% and 22% of our consolidated revenue for both the nine-month periodsthree months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016, and 2015.respectively. In addition, we have a concentration of revenue from a single financial services customer, which accounted for approximately 15%14% and 14%15% of our consolidated revenue for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016, and 2015, respectively. As of September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, billed and unbilled accounts receivable from a single financial services customer totaled $26.5$31.8 million, or 19%22%, of our consolidated accounts receivable and costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts balances.

No other single customer accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated revenue for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 or 2016 or 2015 or consolidated accounts receivable balance as of September 30, 2016.March 31, 2017.


GP STRATEGIES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2017
(Unaudited)


(4)Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share (EPS) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution of common stock equivalent shares that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock.
 
Our dilutive common stock equivalent shares consist of stock options and restricted stock units computed under the treasury stock method, using the average market price during the period. Performance-based restricted stock unit awards are included in the computation of diluted shares based on the probable outcome of the underlying performance conditions being achieved. The following table presents instruments which were not dilutive and were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS in each period, as well as the dilutive common stock equivalent shares which were included in the computation of diluted EPS: 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
2016 2015 2016 20152017 2016
(In thousands)(In thousands)
Non-dilutive instruments
 29
 59
 20
35
 106
          
Dilutive common stock equivalents101
 155
 106
 162
100
 73


GP STRATEGIES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
September 30, 2016March 31, 2017
(Unaudited)

(5)Acquisitions

Jencal TrainingMcKinney Rogers
On MarchFebruary 1, 2016,2017, we acquired the share capitalbusiness and certain assets of Jencal Training Limited (Jencal Training) and its subsidiary B2B Engage Limited (B2B), an independentMcKinney Rogers, a provider of vocational skills trainingstrategic consulting services with offices in New York and London. This acquisition will expand our solutions offerings, giving us the United Kingdom.ability to leverage McKinney Rogers' intellectual property and consulting methodologies to help our global client base meet strategic business goals. The upfront purchase price was $2.5$3.2 million in cash. In addition, the purchase agreement requires up to an additional $0.4$18.0 million of consideration, $6.0 million of which is contingent upon attaining incremental funding levels under a customer contract prior to July 31, 2016,the achievement of certain earnings targets during the five-month period ending April 30, 2017 and $12.0 million of which is expected to be calculated and paid incontingent upon the fourth quarterachievement of 2016. Thecertain earnings targets during the three twelve-month periods following completion of the acquisition. We recorded a preliminary purchase price allocation for the acquisition primarily includes $1.4 millionin the first quarter of customer-related2017 which we expect to finalize in the second quarter of 2017 as we have not fully completed the valuation of intangible assets which are being amortized over four years from the acquisition date and $1.8 million of goodwill. None of the goodwill recorded for financial statement purposes is deductible for tax purposes.contingent consideration. The acquired Jencal TrainingMcKinney Rogers business is included in the LearningPerformance Readiness Solutions segment, and the results of its operations have been included in the consolidated financial statements beginning MarchFebruary 1, 2016.2017. The pro-forma impact of the acquisition is not material to our results of operations.

Maverick SolutionsEmantras
Effective OctoberApril 1, 2016,2017, we acquired the business and certain assets of Maverick Solutions,Emantras, a U.S.-based provider of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) product training services.digital education company that provides engaging learning experiences and effective knowledge delivery through award-winning digital and mobile solutions with offices in Fremont, California and Chennai, India. This acquisition strengthens our eLearning development capabilities, allowing us to better serve our customer base with the latest digital learning solutions. The upfront purchase price was $5.0$3.2 million in cash. In addition, the purchase agreement requires up to an additional $10.0$0.3 million of consideration, contingent upon the achievement of certainan earnings targetstarget during the two twelve-month periodsperiod following completion of the acquisition.acquisition, plus a percentage of any earnings in excess of the specified earnings target. The acquired Maverick SolutionsEmantras business will be included in the Performance ReadinessLearning Solutions segment effective OctoberApril 1, 2016.2017.

Contingent Consideration
Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805 requires that contingent consideration be recognized at fair value on the acquisition date and be re-measured each reporting period with subsequent adjustments recognized in the consolidated statement of operations. We estimate the fair value of contingent consideration liabilities basedusing an appropriate valuation methodology, typically either an income-based approach or a simulation model, such as the Monte Carlo model, depending on financial projectionsthe structure of the acquired companies and estimated probabilities of achievement and discount the liabilities to present value using a weighted-average cost of capital.contingent consideration arrangement. Contingent consideration is valued using significant inputs that are not observable in the market which are defined as Level 3 inputs pursuant to fair value measurement accounting. We believe our estimates and assumptions are reasonable; however, there is significant judgment involved. At each reporting date, the contingent consideration obligation is revalued to estimated fair value, and changes in fair value subsequent to the acquisitions are reflected in income or expense in the consolidated statements of operations, and could cause a material impact to, and volatility in, our operating results. Changes in the fair value of contingent consideration obligations may result from changes in discount periods and rates and changes in the timing and amount of revenue and/or earnings estimates and changesprojections.

Below is a summary of the potential maximum contingent consideration we may be required to pay in probability assumptionsconnection with respectcompleted acquisitions as of March 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):
Acquisition:Original range of potential undiscounted payments As of March 31, 2017 Maximum contingent consideration due in
   201720182019-2020Total
Maverick$0 - $10,000 $5,000
$5,000
$
$10,000
McKinney Rogers$0 - $18,000 6,000
4,000
8,000
18,000
   $11,000
$9,000
$8,000
$28,000

GP STRATEGIES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the likelihood of achieving the various earn-out criteria.Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2017
(Unaudited)


Below is a summary of the changes in the recorded amount of contingent consideration liabilities from December 31, 20152016 to September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):
Liability as of
December 31,
 Additions 
Change in
Fair Value of
Contingent
 
Foreign
Currency
 
Liability as of
September 30,
Liability as of
December 31,
 Additions 
Change in
Fair Value of
Contingent
 
Foreign
Currency
 
Liability as of
March 31,
Acquisition:2015 (Payments) Consideration Translation 20162016 (Payments) Consideration Translation 2017
Jencal Training$
 $294
 $(85) $(13) $196
Effective Companies2,381
 (2,625) 159
 85
 
Maverick$5,258
 $
 $(197) $
 $5,061
McKinney Rogers
 2,063
 
 
 2,063
Total$2,381

$(2,331)
$74

$72

$196
$5,258

$2,063

$(197)
$

$7,124
As of September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2015,2016, contingent consideration is considered a current liability and is included in accounts payable of $0.2totaled $4.5 million and $2.4$3.6 million, respectively.

GP STRATEGIES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 we also had accrued contingent consideration totaling $2.6 million and $1.7 million respectively, related to acquisitions which are included in other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet and represent the portion of contingent consideration estimated to be payable greater than twelve months from the balance sheet date.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2016
(Unaudited)

(6)Intangible Assets

Goodwill
 
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable business segment for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 were as follows (in thousands):
Learning
Solutions
 
Professional
& Technical
Services
 Sandy Training & Marketing 
Performance
Readiness
Solutions
 Total
Learning
Solutions
 
Professional
& Technical
Services
 Sandy Training & Marketing 
Performance
Readiness
Solutions
 Total
Balance as of December 31, 2015$49,822
 $43,702
 $653
 $27,798
 $121,975
Balance as of December 31, 2016$49,079
 $42,364
 $653
 $35,676
 $127,772
Acquisitions1,823
 
 
 
 1,823

 
 
 3,515
 3,515
Foreign currency translation(1,067) (979) 
 (174) (2,220)359
 79
 
 13
 451
Balance as of September 30, 2016$50,578

$42,723

$653

$27,624

$121,578
Balance as of March 31, 2017$49,438

$42,443

$653

$39,204

$131,738
 
Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization
 
Intangible assets with finite lives are subject to amortization over their estimated useful lives. The primary assets included in this category and their respective balances were as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2016     
Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying AmountGross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount
 
March 31, 2017Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount
Customer relationships$16,614
 $(12,208) $4,406
 
Intellectual property and other1,538
 (1,080) 458
4,507
 (1,453) 3,054
$18,152

$(13,288)
$4,864
$19,643

$(11,984)
$7,659
          
December 31, 2015 
  
  
December 31, 2016 
  
  
Customer relationships$19,351
 $(13,822) $5,529
$14,595
 $(9,855) $4,740
Intellectual property and other1,772
 (1,080) 692
2,311
 (1,226) 1,085
$21,123

$(14,902)
$6,221
$16,906

$(11,081)
$5,825

GP STRATEGIES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
September 30, 2016March 31, 2017
(Unaudited)

(7)Stock-Based Compensation

We recognize compensation expense for stock-based compensation awards issued to employees that are expected to vest. Compensation cost is based on the fair value of awards as of the grant date.
 
The following table summarizes the pre-tax stock-based compensation expense included in reported net income (in thousands): 
Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30,Three months ended March 31,
2016 2015 2016 20152017 2016
Non-qualified stock options$6
 $55
 $81
 $169
$4
 $47
Restricted stock units801
 658
 2,011
 1,747
716
 598
Board of Directors stock grants86
 68
 233
 296
76
 82
Total stock-based compensation expense$893

$781

 $2,325

$2,212
$796

$727
 
Pursuant to our 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”), we may grant awards of non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, restricted stock, stock units, performance shares, performance units and other incentives payable in cash or in shares of our common stock to officers, employees or members of the Board of Directors. As of September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, we had non-qualified stock options and restricted stock units outstanding under these plans as discussed below.

Non-Qualified Stock Options
 
Summarized information for the Company’s non-qualified stock options is as follows:
Number of options 
Weighted
average exercise price
 
Weighted
average
remaining
contractual term
 
Aggregate
intrinsic value
Number of options 
Weighted
average exercise price
 
Weighted
average
remaining
contractual term
 
Aggregate
intrinsic value
Stock Options  
Outstanding at December 31, 2015110,550
 $14.54
    
Outstanding at December 31, 201667,550
 $15.34
    
Granted
 
    

 
    
Exercised(22,800) 12.01
    
(29,850) 13.73
    
Forfeited(500) 15.65
    
(100) 19.38
    
Expired(600) 19.38
    

 
    
Outstanding at September 30, 201686,650
 $15.16
 0.75 $819,000
Exercisable at September 30, 201682,550
 $15.09
 0.70 $787,000
Outstanding at March 31, 201737,600
 $16.61
 0.43 $327,000
Exercisable at March 31, 201737,000
 $16.56
 0.42 $323,000
 

GP STRATEGIES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
September 30, 2016March 31, 2017
(Unaudited)

Restricted Stock Units
 
In addition to stock options, we issue restricted stock units to key employees and members of the Board of Directors based on meeting certain service goals.Directors. The stock units vest to the recipients at various dates, up to five years, based on fulfilling service requirements. We recognize the value of the market price of the underlying stock on the date of grant as compensation expense over the requisite service period. Upon vesting, the stock units are settled in shares of our common stock. Summarized share information for our restricted stock units is as follows:
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 
Weighted
average
grant date
fair value
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 
Weighted
average
grant date
fair value
(In shares) (In dollars)(In shares) (In dollars)
Outstanding and unvested, beginning of period274,140
 $28.74
207,016
 $29.85
Granted137,937
 26.93
23,814
 23.65
Vested(39,387) 19.30
(6,431) 26.58
Forfeited(3,102) 25.03
(4,107) 24.30
Outstanding and unvested, end of period369,588
 $29.10
220,292
 $29.38

On March 29, 2016,Performance Stock Units

We issue performance-based stock units to certain executives under a long-term incentive program. Under the program, a target level of equity compensation is set for each officer. The total equity compensation is divided into performance-based and time-based restricted stock units. Under the program, the Compensation Committee granted 71,918sets the performance-based restrictedgoals within the first 90 days of each year. Vesting of performance-based stock units ("PSU's") to certain officers of the Company. Vesting of the PSU's(PSU's) is contingent upon the employee's continued employment and the Company's achievement of certain performance goals during a three-year performance period. The performance goals are established by the Compensation Committee and for the 2016-2018a three-year performance period are based on financial targets, including an average annual return on invested capital (“ROIC”("ROIC") and average annual growth in earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (adjusted to exclude the effect of acquisitions, dispositions, and certain other nonrecurring or extraordinary items) (“("Adjusted EBITDA”EBITDA"). We recognize compensation expense net of estimated forfeitures, for PSU's on a straight-linestraight line basis over the performance period based on the probable outcome of achievement of the financial targets. At the end of each reporting period, we estimate the number of PSU's expected to vest, based on the probability and extent to which the performance goals will be met, and take into account these estimates when calculating the expense for the period. If the number of shares expected to be earned changes during the performance period, we will make a cumulative adjustment to compensation expense based on the revised number of shares expected to be earned.

Also on March 29, 2016 in conjunction with the grant of PSU's, the Compensation Committee granted a total of 40,679 time-based restricted stock units to the same officers of the Company. Vesting of the time-basedSummarized share information for our performance-based restricted stock units is subject to the employee's continued employment through December 31, 2018.as follows:
  Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 
Weighted
average
grant date
fair value
  (In shares) (In dollars)
Outstanding and unvested, beginning of period 124,394
 $31.08
Granted 104,590
 23.65
Vested 
 
Forfeited 
 
Outstanding and unvested, end of period 228,984
 $27.69



GP STRATEGIES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
September 30, 2016March 31, 2017
(Unaudited)



(8)Debt and Financial Instruments

On September 2, 2014,December 15, 2016, we entered into a FourthFifth Amended and Restated Financing and Security Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides for a revolving credit facility up to a maximum principal amount of $65$100 million expiring on OctoberDecember 31, 20182021 and for a term loan in the principal amount of $40 million maturing on October 31, 2017, andApril 30, 2020. The Credit Agreement is secured by substantially all of our assets.
The maximum interest rate on the Credit Agreement is the daily one-month LIBOR market index rate (for borrowings in Dollars and Sterling) or the daily one month EURIBOR (for borrowings in Euros) plus 2.50%. Based on our financial performance, the interest rate can be reduced to a minimum rate of the daily one-month LIBOR market index rate plus 1.25%, with the rate being determined based on our maximum leverage ratio for the preceding four quarters. Each unpaid advance on the revolving loan will bear interest until repaid. The term loan is payable in monthly installments equal to $1.1of principal in the amount of $1.0 million plus applicable interest, beginning on NovemberJanuary 1, 2014 and ending on October 31, 2017. We may prepay the term loan or the revolving loan, in whole or in part, at any time without premium or penalty, subject to certain conditions. Amounts repaid or prepaid on the term loan may not be reborrowed.
The Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants that limit or restrict our and our subsidiaries’ (subject to certain exceptions) ability to, among other things, grant liens, make investments, incur indebtedness, merge or consolidate, dispose of assets or make acquisitions. We are also required to maintain compliance with a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and a maximum leverage ratio. We were in compliance with all of the financial covenants under the Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2016.March 31, 2017. As of September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, our total long-term debt outstanding under the term loan was $14.4$37.0 million. In addition, there were $44.8$23.5 million of borrowings outstanding and $14.7$71.3 million of available borrowings under the Credit Agreement. For the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, the weighted average interest rate on our borrowings was 2.2%2.5%.
Effective March 1, 2017, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement which effectively fixed our interest rate on the remaining $37 million outstanding on our term loan to a fixed LIBOR of 1.59% plus the applicable margin under the Credit Agreement. We have designated the interest rate swap, which expires on April 1, 2020, as a cash flow hedge and have applied hedge accounting. The fair value of the derivative liability associated with the interest rate swap was $0.1 million as of March 31, 2017 and is included in other liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The derivative liability is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy in which fair value is measured using quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities.

(9)Income Taxes

Income tax expense was $8.1$2.0 million, or an effective income tax rate of 37.4%32.8%, for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 compared to $7.5$2.2 million, or an effective income tax rate of 37.5%36.7%, for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2015.March 31, 2016. The decrease in the effective income tax rate in 2017 compared to 2016 is primarily due to a change in the mix of taxable income from higher taxing jurisdictions to lower taxing jurisdictions. Income tax expense for the quarterly periods is based on an estimated annual effective tax rate which includes the U.S. federal, state and local, and non-U.S. statutory rates, permanent differences, and other items that may have an impact on income tax expense.
 
An uncertain tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return is recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not (i.e., a likelihood of more than fifty percent) that the position would be sustained upon examination by tax authorities that have full knowledge of all relevant information. A recognized tax position is then measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Interest and penalties related to income taxes are accounted for as income tax expense. As of September 30, 2016March 31, 2017, we had no uncertain tax positions reflected on our consolidated balance sheet. The Company files income tax returns in U.S. federal, state and local jurisdictions, and various non-U.S. jurisdictions, and is subject to audit by tax authorities in those jurisdictions. Tax years 2013 through 2015 remain open to examination by these tax jurisdictions, and earlier years remain open to examination in certain of these jurisdictions which have longer statutes of limitations.


GP STRATEGIES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
September 30, 2016March 31, 2017
(Unaudited)


(10)Stockholders’ Equity

Changes in stockholders’ equity during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 were as follows (in thousands):
Common
stock
 
Additional
paid-in
capital
 
Retained
earnings
 
Treasury
stock
at cost
 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
loss
 
Total
stockholders’
equity
Common
stock
 
Additional
paid-in
capital
 
Retained
earnings
 
Treasury
stock
at cost
 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
loss
 
Total
stockholders’
equity
Balance at December 31, 2015$172
 $105,872
 $73,598
 $(8,497) $(12,801) $158,344
Balance at December 31, 2016$172
 $106,569
 $93,845
 $(11,628) $(21,462) $167,496
Net income
 
 13,515
 
 
 13,515

 
 4,086
 
 
 4,086
Cumulative effect adjustment of adopting ASU 2016-09
 234
 (137) 
 
 97
Foreign currency translation adjustment
 
 
 
 (6,062) (6,062)
 
 
 
 1,011
 1,011
Change in fair value of interest rate swap
 
 
 
 (55) (55)
Repurchases of common stock
 
 
 (7,959) 
 (7,959)
 
 
 (1,674) 
 (1,674)
Stock-based compensation expense
 2,325
 
 
 
 2,325

 796
 
 
 
 796
Issuance of stock for employer contributions to retirement plan
 (47) 
 2,101
 
 2,054

 (51) 
 713
 
 662
Net issuances of stock pursuant to stock compensation plans and other
 (1,231) 
 1,081
 
 (150)
 (590) 
 455
 
 (135)
Balance at September 30, 2016$172

$106,919

$87,113

$(13,274)
$(18,863)
$162,067
Balance at March 31, 2017$172

$106,958

$97,794

$(12,134)
$(20,506)
$172,284

Stock Repurchase Program

We have a share repurchase program under which we may repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time in the open market, subject to prevailing business and market conditions and other factors. During the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016, and 2015, we repurchased approximately 340,00070,000 and 255,000181,000 shares, respectively, of our common stock in the open market for a total cost of approximately $8.0$1.7 million and $6.6$4.3 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, there was approximately $6.1$4.4 million available for future repurchases under the buyback program.

GP STRATEGIES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2017
(Unaudited)



(11)Business Segments

As of September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, we operated through four reportable business segments: (i) Learning Solutions, (ii) Professional & Technical Services, (iii) Sandy Training & Marketing, and (iv) Performance Readiness Solutions. Each of our reportable segments represents an operating segment under U.S. GAAP. We are organized by operating groups primarily based upon the markets served by each group and/or the services performed. Each operating group consists of business units which are focused on providing specific products and services to certain classes of customers or within targeted markets. Marketing and communications, accounting, finance, legal, human resources, information systems and other administrative services are organized at the corporate level. Business development and sales resources are aligned with operating groups to support existing customer accounts and new customer development.

Further information regarding our business segments is discussed below.

Learning Solutions. The Learning Solutions segment delivers training, curriculum design and development, eLearning services, system hosting, training business process outsourcing and consulting services globally. This segment serves large companies in the electronics and semiconductors, healthcare, software, financial services and other industries, as well as government agencies. This segment also provides apprenticeship and vocational skills training for the United Kingdom government. The ability to deliver a wide range of training services on a global basis allows this segment to take over the entire learning function for the client, including their training personnel.
 
Professional & Technical Services. The Professional & Technical Services segment provides training, consulting, engineering and technical services, including lean consulting, emergency preparedness, safety and regulatory compliance, chemical demilitarization and environmental services primarily to large companies in the manufacturing, steel, pharmaceutical, energy and petrochemical industries; federal and state government agencies; and large government contractors. Our proprietary EtaPRO™ Performance and Condition Monitoring System provides a suite of real-time software solutions for power generation facilities and is installed on power-generating units across the world. In addition to providing custom training solutions, this segment provides web-based training through our GPiLEARN™ portal, which offers a variety of courses to power plant

GP STRATEGIES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2016
(Unaudited)

personnel in the U.S. and other countries. This segment also provides services to users of alternative fuels, including designing and constructing liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquid to compressed natural gas (LCNG) and hydrogen fueling stations, as well as supplying equipment.
 
Sandy Training & Marketing. The Sandy Training & Marketing segment provides custom product sales training and has been a leader in serving manufacturing customers in the U.S. automotive industry for over 30 years. Sandy provides custom product sales training designed to better educate customer salesforces with respect to new vehicle features and designs, in effect rapidly increasing the salesforce knowledge base and enabling them to address detailed customer queries. Furthermore, Sandy helps our clients assess their customer relationship marketing strategy and connect with their customers on a one-to-one basis, including through custom publications. This segment also provides technical training services to automotive manufacturers as well as customers in other industries.
 
Performance Readiness Solutions. This segment provides performance consulting and technology consulting services, including platform adoption, end-user training, change management, knowledge management, customer product training outsourcing, training content development and sales enablement solutions. This segment also offers organizational performance solutions, including leadership development training and employee engagement tools and services. Industries served include manufacturing, aerospace, healthcare, life sciences, consumer products, financial, telecommunications, services and higher education, as well as government agencies.
 
We do not allocate the following items to the segments: selling, general & administrative expenses, other income (expense), interest expense, restructuring charges, loss on change in fair value of contingent consideration and income tax expense. Inter-segment revenue is eliminated in consolidation and is not significant.


GP STRATEGIES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2017
(Unaudited)

The following table sets forth the revenue and operating results attributable to each reportable segment and includes a reconciliation of segment revenue to consolidated revenue and operating results to consolidated income before income tax expense (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 2016
2015 2016 2015
Revenue:       
Learning Solutions$51,379
 $51,879
 $153,991
 $154,463
Professional & Technical Services25,111
 30,354
 76,964
 90,317
Sandy Training & Marketing26,612
 22,115
 75,810
 62,043
Performance Readiness Solutions18,876
 18,583
 56,511
 57,026
 $121,978

$122,931

$363,276

$363,849
Gross profit: 
  
  
  
Learning Solutions$9,796
 $9,808
 $29,072
 $26,542
Professional & Technical Services3,596
 5,527
 11,586
 17,769
Sandy Training & Marketing3,619
 2,470
 9,900
 7,873
Performance Readiness Solutions2,993
 2,564
 7,717
 7,396
     Total gross profit20,004
 20,369
 58,275
 59,580
Selling, general and administrative expenses11,996
 12,253
 36,245
 35,859
Restructuring charges
 1,195
 
 1,195
Loss on change in fair value of contingent consideration, net(3) (56) (74) (314)
Operating income8,005

6,865

21,956

22,212
Interest expense366
 340
 970
 1,011
Other income (expense)(28) (606) 601
 (1,141)
Income before income tax expense$7,611
 $5,919
 $21,587
 $20,060

GP STRATEGIES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 2017
2016
Revenue:   
Learning Solutions$49,746
 $49,906
Professional & Technical Services25,309
 25,829
Sandy Training & Marketing24,601
 21,824
Performance Readiness Solutions22,791
 18,197
 $122,447

$115,756
Gross profit: 
  
Learning Solutions$8,756
 $9,704
Professional & Technical Services4,599
 3,884
Sandy Training & Marketing2,876
 2,451
Performance Readiness Solutions3,157
 1,888
     Total gross profit19,388
 17,927
Selling, general and administrative expenses12,994
 11,970
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of contingent consideration, net197
 (159)
Operating income6,591

5,798
Interest expense438
 245
Other income (expense)(75) 454
Income before income tax expense$6,078
 $6,007

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2016
(Unaudited)

(12) Subsequent Event

Effective OctoberApril 1, 2016,2017, we acquired the business and certain assets of Maverick Solutions,Emantras, a U.S.-based provider of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) product training services.digital education company with offices in Fremont, California and Chennai, India. For further details see Note 5 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
    

Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
Results of Operations
 
General Overview
 
We are a global performance improvement solutions provider of training, e-Learning solutions, management consulting and engineering services that seeks to improve the effectiveness of organizations by providing services and products that are customized to meet the specific needs of clients. Clients include Fortune 500 companies and governmental and other commercial customers in a variety of industries. We believe we are a global leader in performance improvement, with over four decades of experience in providing solutions to optimize workforce performance.
 
As of September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, we operated through four reportable business segments: (i) Learning Solutions, (ii) Professional & Technical Services, (iii) Sandy Training & Marketing, and (iv) Performance Readiness Solutions. Each of our reportable segments represents an operating segment under U.S. GAAP. We are organized by operating group primarily based upon the markets served by each group and/or the services performed. Each operating group consists of business units which are focused on providing specific products and services to certain classes of customers or within targeted markets. Marketing and communications, accounting, finance, legal, human resources, information systems and other administrative services are organized at the corporate level. Business development and sales resources are aligned with operating groups to support existing customer accounts and new customer development.
 
Further information regarding our business segments is discussed below.

Learning Solutions. The Learning Solutions segment delivers training, curriculum design and development, eLearning services, system hosting, training business process outsourcing and consulting services globally. This segment serves large companies in the electronics and semiconductors, healthcare, software, financial services and other industries, as well as government agencies. This segment also provides apprenticeship and vocational skills training for the United Kingdom government. The ability to deliver a wide range of training services on a global basis allows this segment to take over the entire learning function for the client, including their training personnel.
 
Professional & Technical Services. The Professional & Technical Services segment provides training, consulting, engineering and technical services, including lean consulting, emergency preparedness, safety and regulatory compliance, chemical demilitarization and environmental services primarily to large companies in the manufacturing, steel, pharmaceutical, energy and petrochemical industries; federal and state government agencies; and large government contractors. Our proprietary EtaPRO™ Performance and Condition Monitoring System provides a suite of real-time software solutions for power generation facilities and is installed on power-generating units across the world. In addition to providing custom training solutions, this segment provides web-based training through our GPiLEARN™ portal, which offers a variety of courses to power plant personnel in the U.S. and other countries. This segment also provides services to users of alternative fuels, including designing and constructing liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquid to compressed natural gas (LCNG) and hydrogen fueling stations, as well as supplying equipment.
 
Sandy Training & Marketing. The Sandy Training & Marketing segment provides custom product sales training and has been a leader in serving manufacturing customers in the U.S. automotive industry for over 30 years. Sandy provides custom product sales training designed to better educate customer salesforces with respect to new vehicle features and designs, in effect rapidly increasing the salesforce knowledge base and enabling them to address detailed customer queries. Furthermore, Sandy helps our clients assess their customer relationship marketing strategy and connect with their customers on a one-to-one basis, including through custom publications. This segment also provides technical training services to automotive manufacturers as well as customers in other industries.
 
Performance Readiness Solutions. This segment provides performance consulting and technology consulting services, including platform adoption, end-user training, change management, knowledge management, customer product training outsourcing, training content development and sales enablement solutions. This segment also offers organizational performance solutions, including leadership development training and employee engagement tools and services. Industries served include manufacturing, aerospace, healthcare, life sciences, consumer products, financial, telecommunications, services and higher education, as well as government agencies.


Acquisitions

McKinney Rogers
On February 1, 2017, we acquired the business and certain assets of McKinney Rogers, a provider of strategic consulting services with offices in New York and London. This acquisition will expand our solutions offerings, giving us the ability to leverage McKinney Rogers' intellectual property and consulting methodologies to help our global client base meet strategic business goals. The upfront purchase price was $3.2 million in cash. In addition, the purchase agreement requires up to an additional $18.0 million of consideration, $6.0 million of which is contingent upon the achievement of certain earnings targets during the five-month period ending April 30, 2017 and $12.0 million of which is contingent upon the achievement of certain earnings targets during the three twelve-month periods following completion of the acquisition. We recorded a preliminary purchase price allocation for the acquisition in the first quarter of 2017 which we expect to finalize in the second quarter of 2017 as we have not fully completed the valuation of intangible assets and contingent consideration. The acquired McKinney Rogers business is included in the Performance Readiness Solutions segment and the results of its operations have been included in the consolidated financial statements beginning February 1, 2017. The pro-forma impact of the acquisition is not material to our results of operations.

Maverick Solutions
Effective October 1, 2016, we acquired the business and certain assets of Maverick Solutions, a U.S.-based provider of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) product training services. This acquisition strengthens our eLearning development capabilities, allowing us to better serve our customer base with the latest digital learning solutions. The upfront purchase price was $4.6 million in cash. In addition, the purchase agreement requires up to an additional $10.0 million of consideration, contingent upon the achievement of certain earnings targets during the two twelve-month periods following completion of the acquisition. The acquired Maverick Solutions business is included in the Performance Readiness Solutions segment and the results of its operations have been included in the consolidated financial statements beginning October 1, 2016. The pro-forma impact of the acquisition is not material to our results of operations.

Jencal Training
On March 1, 2016, we acquired the share capital of Jencal Training Limited (Jencal Training) and its subsidiary B2B Engage Limited (B2B), an independent provider of vocational skills training in the United Kingdom. The upfront purchase price was $2.5 million in cash. In addition, the purchase agreement requires up towe paid an additional $0.4$0.2 million of deferred consideration contingent upon attaining incremental funding levels under a customer contract prior to July 31, 2016, which is expected to be calculated and paid in the fourth quarter of 2016. The preliminary purchase price allocation for the acquisition primarily includes $1.4 million of customer-related intangible assets which are being amortized over four years from the acquisition date and $1.8 million of goodwill. None of the goodwill recorded for financial statement purposes is deductible for tax purposes. The acquired Jencal Training business is included in the Learning Solutions segment and the results of its operations have been included in the consolidated financial statements beginning March 1, 2016. The pro-forma impact of the acquisition is not material to our results of operations.

Maverick Solutions
Effective October 1, 2016, we acquired the business and certain assets of Maverick Solutions, a U.S.-based provider of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) product training services. The upfront purchase price was $5.0 million in cash. In addition, the purchase agreement requires up to an additional $10.0 million of consideration, contingent upon the achievement of certain earnings targets during the two twelve-month periods following completion of the acquisition. The acquired Maverick Solutions business will be included in the Performance Readiness Solutions segment effective October 1, 2016.

Operating Highlights
 
Three Months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 Compared to the Three Months ended September 30, 2015March 31, 2016
 
Our revenue decreased $1.0increased $6.7 million or 0.8%5.8% during the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 compared to the thirdfirst quarter of 2015.2016. The net decreaseincrease is due to a $5.2 million decline in our Professional & Technical Services segment and a $0.5 million revenue decrease in our Learning Solutions segment, offset by a $4.5$2.8 million revenue increase in our Sandy Training & Marketing segment and a $0.3$4.6 million increase in our Performance Readiness Solutions segment offset by a $0.2 million revenue decrease in our Learning Solutions segment and a $0.5 million decline in our Professional & Technical Services segment. Foreign currency exchange rate declines resulted in a total $4.4$3.7 million decrease in U.S. dollar reported revenue during the thirdfirst quarter of 2016 across all segments.2017. The changes in revenue and gross profit are discussed in further detail below by segment.segment, which is included in the fluctuations discussed above.

Operating income, the components of which are discussed below, increased $1.1$0.8 million or 16.6%13.7% to $8.0$6.6 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 compared to $6.9$5.8 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 2015.2016. The net increase in operating income is primarily due to restructuring charges of $1.2a $1.5 million incurredincrease in gross profit and a $0.4 million increase in the thirdchange in fair value of contingent consideration, offset by a $1.0 million increase in selling, general and administrative expenses during the first quarter of 2015 that did not recur in 2016.2017.

For the three months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, we had income before income tax expense of $7.6$6.1 million compared to $5.9$6.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015.March 31, 2016. Net income was $4.8$4.1 million, or $0.29$0.24 per diluted share, for the three months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, compared to net income of $3.7$3.8 million, or $0.22$0.23 per diluted share, for the three months ended September 30, 2015.March 31, 2016. Diluted weighted average shares outstanding were 16.716.8 million for both of the three monthsthree-month periods ended September 30, 2016 compared to 17.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. The decrease in shares outstanding is primarily due to the repurchase of shares of our outstanding common stock in the open market during 2015March 31, 2017 and 2016.
 

Revenue
(Dollars in thousands)Three months endedThree months ended
September 30,March 31,
2016 20152017 2016
Learning Solutions$51,379
 $51,879
$49,746
 $49,906
Professional & Technical Services25,111
 30,354
25,309
 25,829
Sandy Training & Marketing26,612
 22,115
24,601
 21,824
Performance Readiness Solutions18,876
 18,583
22,791
 18,197
$121,978
 $122,931
$122,447
 $115,756
 
Learning Solutions revenue decreased $0.5$0.2 million or 1.0%0.3% during the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 compared to the thirdfirst quarter of 2015.2016. The revenue decrease is due to the following:
A $3.2$2.7 million decrease in revenue due to unfavorable changes in foreign currency exchange rates; partially offset by
A $1.4$1.7 million net increase in e-Learning content development and training business process outsourcing (BPO) services; and
A $1.3$0.8 million revenue increase attributable to the Jencal Training acquisition completed on March 1, 2016.
Professional & Technical Services revenue decreased $5.2$0.5 million or 17.3%2.0% during the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 compared to the thirdfirst quarter of 2015.2016. The netrevenue decrease in revenue is due to the following:
A $2.0$0.4 million decrease in training and technical services for oil and gas clients;
A $1.5 million net decrease in engineering and technical services;
A $0.4 million net decrease in training and professional services for energy clients;
A $0.4 million net decrease in alternative fuels design and build projects; and
A $0.9$0.7 million decrease in revenue due to unfavorable changes in foreign currency exchange rates.rates; partially offset by
A $0.6 million increase in alternative fuels design and build projects.
Sandy Training & Marketing revenue increased $4.5$2.8 million or 20.3%12.7% during the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 compared to the thirdfirst quarter of 2015.2016. The net increase is primarily due to a $5.6 millionan increase in training services for an automotive client related to a new luxury vehicle launch and a $2.7 million net increase in training services for in-dealership and other training programs for automotive customers. These increases were offset by a $3.8 million decline in magazine publications revenue due to a partial shipment of a publication during the third quarter with the remainder to be shipped in the fourth quarter of 2016, whereas the similar publication for 2015 was fully delivered in the third quarter of 2015.launch.

Performance Readiness Solutions revenue increased $0.3$4.6 million or 1.6%25.2% during the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 compared to the thirdfirst quarter of 2015.2016. The netrevenue increase is primarily due to a $0.8the following:
A $1.6 million increase attributable to the Maverick acquisition completed on October 1, 2016;
A $1.7 million increase attributable to the McKinney Rogers acquisition completed on February 1, 2017;
A $1.2 million increase in technical training services largely due to a new contract with an aerospace client and a $0.3client;
A $0.6 million increase in platform adoption training services, offset by a $0.5services; and
A $0.2 million declineincrease in leadership development trainingservices; partially offset by
A $0.4 million decrease in performance consulting services; and a
A $0.3 million million decrease in revenue due to unfavorable changes in foreign currency exchange rates.


Gross Profit
(Dollars in thousands)Three months endedThree months ended
September 30,March 31,
2016 20152017 2016
  % Revenue   % Revenue  % Revenue   % Revenue
Learning Solutions$9,796
 19.1% $9,808
 18.9%$8,756
 17.6% $9,704
 19.4%
Professional & Technical Services3,596
 14.3% 5,527
 18.2%4,599
 18.2% 3,884
 15.0%
Sandy Training & Marketing3,619
 13.6% 2,470
 11.2%2,876
 11.7% 2,451
 11.2%
Performance Readiness Solutions2,993
 15.9% 2,564
 13.8%3,157
 13.9% 1,888
 10.4%
$20,004
 16.4% $20,369
 16.6%$19,388
 15.8% $17,927
 15.5%
 

Learning Solutions gross profit was $9.8$8.8 million or 19.1%17.6% of revenue for the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 decreased by $0.9 million or 9.8% compared to gross profit of $9.8$9.7 million or 18.9%19.4% of revenue for the thirdfirst quarter of 2015. While2016. The decrease in gross profit was flatis primarily due to a one-time cost reduction of $0.6 million in the first quarter over quarter,of 2016 related to a UK government funded skills training contract which did not recur in 2017. In addition, there was a $0.4 million increase in gross profit attributable to the Jencal acquisition completed in March 2016, offset by a $0.6$0.7 million decrease in gross profit due to unfavorable changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

Professional & Technical Services gross profit of $3.6 million or 14.3% of revenue for the third quarter of 2016 decreased by $1.9 million or 34.9% when compared to gross profit of $5.5$4.6 million or 18.2% of revenue for the thirdfirst quarter of 2015. The decrease in2017 increased by $0.7 million or 18.4% when compared to gross profit isof $3.9 million or 15.0% of revenue for the first quarter of 2016. Despite the net decline in revenue, gross profit increased primarily due to a decrease in overhead costs and indirect labor expense in the overall revenue decrease and a decline in higher margin revenue streams in this segment, largely due to a decline in training and technical services for oil and gas clients and a decline in engineering and technical services.first quarter of 2017.
 
Sandy Training & Marketing gross profit of $3.6$2.9 million or 13.6%11.7% of revenue for the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 increased by $1.1$0.4 million or 46.5%17.3% when compared to gross profit of $2.5 million or 11.2% of revenue for the thirdfirst quarter of 20152016 due to the organic revenue increases noted above. Gross margin increased due to an increase in higher margin revenue streams during the third quarter of 2016 compared to the third quarter of 2015.
 
Performance Readiness Solutions gross profit of $3.0$3.2 million or 15.9%13.9% of revenue for the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 increased by $0.4$1.3 million or 16.7%67.2% when compared to gross profit of $2.6$1.9 million or 13.8%10.4% of revenue for the thirdfirst quarter of 2015.2016. The increase in gross profit is primarily due to a decrease in overhead costs$0.6 million increase attributable to acquisitions and the remaining $0.7 million increase is due to cost cutting measures.the organic revenue growth noted above.
 
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $0.3increased $1.0 million or 2.1%8.6% from $12.3 million for the third quarter of 2015 to $12.0 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.2016 to $13.0 million for the first quarter of 2017. The decreaseincrease in SG&A expenses is primarily due to a $0.4 million increase in costs relating to our new financial system implementation which we anticipate will go live in 2018, a $0.3 million decreaseincrease in bad debt expense, and a $0.2 million decreasenet increase in amortization expense due to certain intangible assets related to previously completed acquisitions becoming fully amortized. These decreases were offset bylabor, benefits and other expenses, and a $0.2$0.1 million increase in labor and benefits expense.

Restructuring Charges

During the third quarter of 2015, we incurred restructuring charges of $1.2 million, primarily consisting of severance expenselegal costs related to a cost savings initiative to better align costs with revenues and improve our operating margins.acquisitions.

Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration
 
We recognized lossesa $0.2 million gain on the change in fair value of contingent consideration related to acquisitions during the first quarter of less than $0.12017 compared to a loss of 0.2 million in both the third quartersfirst quarter of 2016 and 2015.2016. Changes in the fair value of contingent consideration obligations result from changes in discount periods and rates and changes in the timing and amount of revenue and/or earnings estimates and changes in probability assumptions with respect to the likelihood of achieving the various earn-out criteria.projections. See Note 5 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further details regarding the potential contingent consideration payments and the changes in fair value of the related liabilities during the three months ended September 30, 2016.March 31, 2017.

Interest Expense
 
Interest expense wasincreased $0.2 million to $0.4 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 2016 compared to $0.32017 from $0.2 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 20152016. The increase in interest expense is due to both an increase in interest rates and consisted primarily of interest on our short-termhigher borrowings and term loan under the Credit Agreement which is disclosed in more detail in Note 8 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 

Other ExpenseIncome (Expense)
 
Other expense was less than $0.1 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 compared to other expenseincome of $0.6$0.5 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 2015,2016, and consists primarily of income from a joint venture offset by foreign currency gains and losses in both periods. During the three months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, we had a $0.7$0.3 million net decrease in foreign currency lossesgains and a $0.1 million decrease in income from a joint venture compared to the corresponding period in 2015.2016. Foreign currency gains and losses primarily relate to the effect of exchange rates on intercompany receivables and payables and third party receivables and payables that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of our legal entities.subsidiaries.
 

Income Tax Expense
 
Income tax expense was $2.8$2.0 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 20162017 compared to $2.2 million for the thirdfirst quarter of 2015.2016. The effective income tax rate was 36.9%32.8% and 37.2%36.7% for the three months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016, and 2015, respectively. Income tax expense for the quarterly periods is based on an estimated annual effective tax rate which includes the U.S. federal, state and local, and non-U.S. statutory rates, permanent differences, and other items that may have an impact on income tax expense.

Nine Months ended September 30, 2016 Compared to the Nine Months ended September 30, 2015
Our revenue decreased $0.6 million or 0.2% and our gross profit decreased $1.3 million or 2.2% during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to nine months ended September 30, 2015. The net decrease in revenue is due to a $13.4 million decline in our Professional & Technical Services segment, a $0.5 million decline in our Learning Solutions segment and a $0.5 million decline in our Performance Readiness Solutions segment, partially offset by a $13.8 million revenue increase in our Sandy Training & Marketing segment. Foreign currency exchange rate declines resulted in a total $8.5 million decrease in U.S. dollar reported revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 across all segments. The changes in revenue and gross profit are discussed in further detail below by segment.

Operating income, the components of which are discussed in detail below, decreased $0.3 million or 1.2% to $22.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $22.2 million for the same period in 2015. The net decrease in operating income was primarily due to a $1.3 million decrease in gross profit and a $0.4 million increase in SG&A expenses, offset by a $1.2 million decline in non-recurring restructuring charges.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we had income before income tax expense of $21.6 million compared to $20.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Net income was $13.5 million, or $0.80 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to net income of $12.5 million, or $0.72 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Diluted weighted average shares outstanding were 16.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to 17.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The decrease in shares outstanding is primarily due to the repurchase of shares of our outstanding common stockeffective income tax rate in the open market during 2015 and 2016.

Revenue
(Dollars in thousands)Nine months ended
 September 30,
 2016 2015
Learning Solutions$153,991
 $154,463
Professional & Technical Services76,964
 90,317
Sandy Training & Marketing75,810
 62,043
Performance Readiness Solutions56,511
 57,026
 $363,276
 $363,849
Learning Solutions revenue decreased $0.5 million or 0.3% during the nine months ended September 30, 20162017 compared to the same period in 2015. The revenue decrease is due to the following:
A $6.3 million decrease in revenue due to unfavorable changes in foreign currency exchange rates; partially offset by
A $3.3 million revenue increase attributable to the Jencal Training acquisition completed on March 1, 2016; and
A $2.5 million net increase in e-Learning content development and training business process outsourcing (BPO) services.

Professional & Technical Services revenue decreased $13.4 million or 14.8% during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the same period in 2015. The net decrease in revenue is due to the following:
A $6.1 million decrease in training and technical services for oil and gas clients;
A $2.1 million net decrease in training and professional services for energy clients;
A $2.5 million net decrease in engineering and technical training services;
A $1.7 million decrease in revenue due to unfavorable changes in foreign currency exchange rates; and
A $1.0 million decrease due to the completion of projects in our alternative fuels business.

Sandy Training & Marketing revenue increased $13.8 million or 22.2% during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the same period in 2015. The net increase is primarily due to the following:
A $5.6 million increase in training services for an automotive client related to a new luxury vehicle launch;
A $6.8 million increase in training services for in-dealership and other training programs for automotive customers;
A $0.8 million increase in magazine publications revenue due to an increase in the volume of publications delivered; and
A $0.6 million increase in glovebox portfolio revenue.
Performance Readiness Solutions revenue decreased $0.5 million or 0.9% during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the same period in 2015. The net decrease is primarily due to a $1.3 million decline in platform adoption training services, a $0.5 million decrease due to unfavorable changes in foreign currency exchange rates, and a $0.4 million net decline primarily in performance consulting services, partially offset by a $1.7 million increase in technical training services largely due to a new contract with an aerospace client.
Gross Profit
(Dollars in thousands)Nine months ended
 September 30,
 2016 2015
   % Revenue   % Revenue
Learning Solutions$29,072
 18.9% $26,542
 17.2%
Professional & Technical Services11,586
 15.1% 17,769
 19.7%
Sandy Training & Marketing9,900
 13.1% 7,873
 12.7%
Performance Readiness Solutions7,717
 13.7% 7,396
 13.0%
 $58,275
 16.0% $59,580
 16.4%
Learning Solutions gross profit of $29.1 million or 18.9% of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased by $2.5 million or 9.5% when compared to gross profit of $26.5 million or 17.2% of revenue for the same period in 2015. The increase in gross profit is primarily due to cost reduction initiatives and a one-time cost reduction related to a UK government funded skills training contract during the first quarter of 2016. In addition, there was a $0.8 million increase in gross profit attributable to the Jencal acquisition completed in March 2016, offset by a $1.3 million decrease in gross profit due to unfavorable changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

Professional & Technical Services gross profit of $11.6 million or 15.1% of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 decreased by $6.2 million or 34.8% when compared to gross profit of $17.8 million or 19.7% of revenue for the same period in 2015. The decrease in gross profit is primarily due to the overall revenue decrease and a decline in higher margin revenue streams in this segment and a loss in our alternative fuels business during the first nine months of 2016.

Sandy Training and Marketing gross profit of $9.9 million or 13.1% of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased by $2.0 million or 25.7% when compared to gross profit of $7.9 million or 12.7% of revenue for the same period in 2015 due to the revenue increases noted above.
Performance Readiness Solutions gross profit of $7.7 million or 13.7% of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased by $0.3 million or 4.3% when compared to gross profit of $7.4 million or 13.0% of revenue for the same period in 2015. Despite the net decline in revenue, gross profit increased primarily due to a decrease in overhead costs due to cost cutting measures.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $0.4 million or 1.1% from $35.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 to $36.2 million for the same period in 2016. The increase in SG&A expenses is due to a $0.8 million increase in labor and benefits expense and a $0.6 million net increase in various other expenses, partially offset by a $0.6 million decrease in amortization expense due to certain intangible assets related to previously completed acquisitions becoming fully amortized and a $0.4 million decrease in bad debt expense.


Restructuring Charges

During the third quarter of 2015, we incurred restructuring charges of $1.2 million, primarily consisting of severance expense related to a cost savings initiative to better align costs with revenues and improve our operating margins.

Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration
We recognized net losses on the change in fair valuethe mix of contingent consideration related to acquisitions of $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Changes in the fair value of contingent consideration obligations result from changes in discount periods, changes in the timing and amount of revenue and/or earnings estimates and changes in probability assumptions with respect to the likelihood of achieving the various earn-out criteria. See Note 5 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further details regarding the potential contingent consideration payments and the changes in fair value of the related liabilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
Interest Expense
Interest expense was consistent at $1.0 million for both the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 and consisted primarily of interest on our short-term borrowings and term loan under the Credit Agreement which is disclosed in more detail in Note 8 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Other Income (Expense)
Other income was $0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to other expense of $1.1 million for the same period in 2015 and consisted primarily oftaxable income from a joint venture and foreign currency gains and losses. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we had $0.3 million of net foreign currency gains comparedhigher taxing jurisdictions to $1.7 million of net foreign currency losses during the same period in 2015. This improvement was partially offset by a $0.2 million decrease in income from a joint venture during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the corresponding period in 2015. Foreign currency gains and losses primarily relate to the effect of exchange rates on intercompany receivables and payables and third party receivables and payables that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of our legal entities.
 Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense was $8.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $7.5 million for the same period in 2015. The effective income tax rate was 37.4% and 37.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.lower taxing jurisdictions. Income tax expense for the quarterly periods is based on an estimated annual effective tax rate which includes the U.S. federal, state and local, and non-U.S. statutory rates, permanent differences, and other items that may have an impact on income tax expense.



Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Working Capital
 
Our working capital was $33.8$56.2 million at September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 compared to $40.3$59.9 million at December 31, 2015.2016. As of September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 we had $44.8$23.5 million of short-term borrowings and $14.4$37.0 million of long-term debt outstanding. We believe that cash generated from operations and borrowings available under our Credit Agreement ($14.771.3 million of available borrowings as of September 30, 2016)March 31, 2017) will be sufficient to fund our working capital and other requirements for at least the next twelve months.
 
As of September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, the amount of cash and cash equivalents held outside of the U.S. by foreign subsidiaries was $15.6$15.5 million. At the present time, we do not anticipate repatriating these balances to fund domestic operations. We would be required to accrue for and pay taxes in the U.S. in the event we repatriated these funds.

Stock Repurchase Program

We have a share repurchase program under which we may repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time in the open market, subject to prevailing business and market conditions and other factors. During the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016, and 2015, we repurchased approximately 340,00070,000 and 255,000181,000 shares, respectively, of our common stock in the open market for a total cost of approximately $8.0$1.7 million and $6.6$4.3 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, there was approximately $6.1$4.4 million available for future repurchases under the buyback program.
 
Acquisition-Related Payments
 
We paid $2.6 million inBelow is a summary of the potential maximum contingent consideration in June 2016 for the 2014 acquisition of Effective Companies. In addition, we may be required to pay up to an additional $0.4 millionin connection with completed acquisitions as of contingent considerationMarch 31, 2017 (dollars in the fourth quarter of 2016 for the Jencal Training acquisition and up to an additional maximum $10.0 million of contingent consideration for the Maverick acquisition if certain earnings targets are achieved during the two twelve-month periods following completion of the acquisition which is effective October 1, 2016.thousands):
Acquisition:Original range of potential undiscounted payments As of March 31, 2017 Maximum contingent consideration due in
   201720182019-2020Total
Maverick$0 - $10,000 $5,000
$5,000
$
$10,000
McKinney Rogers$0 - $18,000 6,000
4,000
8,000
18,000
   $11,000
$9,000
$8,000
$28,000
 

Significant Customers & Concentration of Credit Risk
 
We have a market concentration of revenue in both the automotive sector and financial services & insurance sector. Revenue from the automotive industry accounted for approximately 22% and 18%20% of our consolidated revenue for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016, and 2015, respectively. In addition, we have a concentration of revenue from a single automotive customer, which accounted for approximately 13% and 12% of our consolidated revenue for both of the nine monthsthree-month periods ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 and 2015, respectively.2016. As of March 31, 2017, accounts receivable from a single automotive customer totaled $14.5 million, or 14% of our consolidated accounts receivable balance.

Revenue from the financial services & insurance industry accounted for approximately 21%20% and 22% of our consolidated revenue for both the nine-month periodsthree months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016, and 2015.respectively. In addition, we have a concentration of revenue from a single financial services customer, which accounted for approximately 15%14% and 14%15% of our consolidated revenue for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 and 2016, and 2015, respectively. As of September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, billed and unbilled accounts receivable from a single financial services customer totaled $26.5$31.8 million, or 19%22%, of our consolidated accounts receivable and costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts balances. No other single customer accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated revenue for the ninethree months ended September 30,March 31, 2017 or 2016 or 2015 or consolidated accounts receivable balance as of September 30, 2016.March 31, 2017.

Cash Flows
 
NineThree Months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 Compared to the NineThree Months ended September 30, 2015March 31, 2016
 
Our cash and cash equivalents balance decreased $5.3$0.9 million from $21.0$16.3 million as of December 31, 20152016 to $15.7$15.5 million as of September 30, 2016.March 31, 2017. The decrease in cash and cash equivalents during the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 resulted from cash provided by operating activities of $11.9$4.1 million, cash used in investing activities of $5.4$4.1 million, cash used in financing activities of $11.2$1.3 million and a negativepositive effect of exchange rates changes on cash of $0.7$0.4 million.
 
Cash provided by operating activities was $11.9$4.1 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 compared to $9.5$8.6 million for the same period in 2015.2016. The increasedecrease in cash from operations is primarily due to a net favorableunfavorable change in working capital balances during

the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 compared to the same period in 20152016 largely due to a decreaseincrease in costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts.
 
Cash used in investing activities was $5.4$4.1 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 compared to $1.7$2.9 million for the same period in 2015.2016. The increase in cash used is due to $2.2$0.9 million ofincrease in cash net of cash acquired, used to complete the Jencal Training acquisition in March 2016, $1.6 million of cash used for an investment in a new joint venture during the second quarter of 2016,acquisitions and $0.5$0.3 million of software development costs. These cash uses were offset by a $0.6 million declinecosts in fixed asset additions during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the same period in 2015.first quarter of 2017.
 
Cash used in financing activities was $11.2$1.3 million for the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016March 31, 2017 compared to $8.7$10.3 million for the same period in 2015.2016. The increasedecrease in cash used in financing activities is primarily due a $1.4 million$6.8 increase in share repurchasesshort-term borrowings and a $1.3$2.6 million decrease in proceeds from short-term borrowingscash used for share repurchases during the nine months ended September 30, 2016first quarter of 2017 compared to the same period in 2015.first quarter of 2016.
 
Debt

On September 2, 2014,December 15, 2016, we entered into a FourthFifth Amended and Restated Financing and Security Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides for a revolving credit facility up to a maximum principal amount of $65$100 million expiring on OctoberDecember 31, 20182021 and for a term loan in the principal amount of $40 million maturing on October 31, 2017,April 30, 2020, and is secured by substantially all of our assets.

The maximum interest rate on the Credit Agreement is the daily one-month LIBOR market index rate (for borrowings in Dollars and Sterling) or the daily one month EURIBOR (for borrowings in Euros) plus 2.50%. Based on our financial performance, the interest rate can be reduced to a minimum rate of the daily one-month LIBOR market index rate plus 1.25%, with the rate being determined based on our maximum leverage ratio for the preceding four quarters. Each unpaid advance on the revolving loan will bear interest until repaid. The term loan is payable in monthly installments equal to $1.1$1.0 million plus applicable interest, beginning on NovemberJanuary 1, 2014 and ending on October 31, 2017. We may prepay the term loan or the revolving loan, in whole or in part, at any time without premium or penalty, subject to certain conditions. Amounts repaid or prepaid on the term loan may not be reborrowed.

The Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants that limit or restrict our and our subsidiaries’ (subject to certain exceptions) ability to, among other things, grant liens, make investments, incur indebtedness, merge or consolidate, dispose of assets, make acquisitions. We are also required to maintain compliance with a minimum fixed

charge coverage ratio of 1.5 to 1.0 and a maximum leverage ratio of 2.03.0 to 1.0. As of September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, our fixed coverage charge ratio was 2.01.9 to 1.0 and our leverage ratio was 1.41.5 to 1.0, all of which were in compliance with the Credit Agreement.

As of September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, our total long-term debt outstanding under the term loan was $14.4$37.0 million. In addition, there were $44.8$23.5 million of borrowings outstanding and $14.7$71.3 million of available borrowings under the Credit Agreement. For the ninethree months ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, the weighted average interest rate on our borrowings was 2.2%2.5%.

Effective March 1, 2017, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement which effectively fixed our interest rate on the remaining $37 million outstanding on our term loan to a fixed LIBOR of 1.59% plus the applicable margin under the Credit Agreement. We have designated the interest rate swap, which expires on April 1, 2020, as a cash flow hedge and have applied hedge accounting. The fair value of the derivative liability associated with the interest rate swap was $0.1 million as of March 31, 2017 and is included in other liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Off-Balance Sheet Commitments
 
As of September 30, 2016March 31, 2017, we did not have any off-balance sheet commitments except for operating leases and letters of credit entered into in the normal course of business.
 
Accounting Standards Issued

We discuss recently issued accounting standards in Note 2 to the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.



Forward-Looking Statements
 
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for forward looking statements. Forward–looking statements are not statements of historical facts, but rather reflect our current expectations concerning future events and results. We use words such as “expects,” “intends,” “believes,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “plans” and similar expressions to indicate forward-looking statements, but their absence does not mean a statement is not forward-looking. Because these forward-looking statements are based upon management’s expectations and assumptions and are subject to risks and uncertainties, there are important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, those factors set forth in Item 1A - Risk Factors of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20152016 and those other risks and uncertainties detailed in our periodic reports and registration statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We caution that these risk factors may not be exhaustive. We operate in a continually changing business environment, and new risk factors emerge from time to time. We cannot predict these new risk factors, nor can we assess the effect, if any, of the new risk factors on our business or the extent to which any factor or combination of factors may cause actual results to differ from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.
 
If any one or more of these expectations and assumptions proves incorrect, actual results will likely differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements. Even if all of the foregoing assumptions and expectations prove correct, actual results may still differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements as a result of factors we may not anticipate or that may be beyond our control. While we cannot assess the future impact that any of these differences could have on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows or the market price of shares of our common stock, the differences could be significant. We do not undertake to update any forward-looking statements made by us, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You are cautioned not to unduly rely on such forward-looking statements when evaluating the information presented in this report.

Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk
 
The Company has no material changes to the disclosure on this matter made in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.2016.
 
Item 4.    Controls and Procedures
 
Disclosure Controls and Procedures 
 
We maintain a comprehensive set of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”)) designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our filings under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported accurately and within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the design and operation of these disclosure controls and procedures are effective in providing reasonable assurance of the achievement of the objectives described above.
 
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
During the quarter ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d—15(f) under the Exchange Act) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.
 

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
 
None.
 
Item 1A. Risk Factors
 
The Company has no material changes to the disclosure on this matter made in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.2016.
 


 
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table provides information about the Company's share repurchase activity for the three months ended September 30, 2016:March 31, 2017: 
  Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
  
Total number
of shares purchased
  
Average
price paid per share
 
Total number
of shares
purchased as
part of publicly announced program
 
Approximate
dollar value of
shares that may yet
be purchased under the program (1)
Month     
July 1 - 31, 2016 
  $
 
 $6,050,000
August 1 - 31, 2016 20,680
(2) $23.46
 
 $6,050,000
September 1 - 30, 2016 1,063
(2) $24.62
 
 $6,050,000
  Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
  
Total number
of shares purchased
  
Average
price paid per share
 
Total number
of shares
purchased as
part of publicly announced program
 
Approximate
dollar value of
shares that may yet
be purchased under the program (1)
Month     
January 1 - 31, 2017 202
(2) $29.35
 
 $6,050,000
February 1 - 28, 2017 5,230
(2) $25.93
 
 $6,050,000
March 1 - 31, 2017 86,777
(2) $23.88
 70,205
 $4,376,000
 
(1)We have a share repurchase program under which we may repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time in the open market subject to prevailing business and market conditions and other factors. There is no expiration date for the repurchase program.
(2)Includes shares surrendered by employees to satisfy minimum tax withholding obligations on restricted stock units which vested and shares surrendered to exercise stock options and satisfy the related minimum tax withholding obligations during the thirdfirst quarter of 2016.2017.






Item 6.Exhibits

31.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer of the Company dated November 1, 2016May 2, 2017 pursuant to Securities and Exchange Act Rule 13d-14(a)/15(d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
31.2Certification of Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company dated November 1, 2016May 2, 2017 pursuant to Securities and Exchange Act Rule 13d-14(a)/15(d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
32.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company dated November 1, 2016May 2, 2017 pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
101The following materials from GP Strategies Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.*
*Filed herewith.


SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 GP STRATEGIES CORPORATION
  
November 1, 2016May 2, 2017/s/  Scott N. Greenberg
 Scott N. Greenberg
 Chief Executive Officer
  
November 1, 2016May 2, 2017/s/  Sharon Esposito-Mayer
 Sharon Esposito-Mayer
 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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