UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
[ü] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31,September 30, 2018
or
[   ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from          to
Commission file number:
1-6523
Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter:
Bank of America Corporation
State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization:
Delaware
IRS Employer Identification No.:
56-0906609
Address of principal executive offices:
Bank of America Corporate Center
100 N. Tryon Street
Charlotte, North Carolina 28255
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(704) 386-5681
Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report:
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
 
Accelerated filer o
 
Non-accelerated filer o
(do not check if a smaller
reporting company)
 
Smaller reporting company o
Emerging growth company o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).
Yes o No
On April 27,October 26, 2018, there were 10,139,354,4149,814,196,864 shares of Bank of America Corporation Common Stock outstanding.
     



Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
March 31,September 30, 2018
Form 10-Q
INDEX
Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 

1    ��Bank of America

  





Part II. Other Information
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Bank of America Corporation (the “Corporation”) and its management may make certain statements that constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements often use words such as “anticipates,” “targets,” “expects,” “hopes,” “estimates,” “intends,” “plans,” “goals,” “believes,” “continue” and other similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “may,” “might,” “should,” “would” and “could.” Forward-looking statements represent the Corporation’s current expectations, plans or forecasts of its future results, revenues, expenses, efficiency ratio, capital measures, strategy and future business and economic conditions more generally, and other future matters. These statements are not guarantees of future results or performance and involve certain known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict and are often beyond the Corporation’s control. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, any of these forward-looking statements.
You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement and should consider the following uncertainties and risks, as well as the risks and uncertainties more fully discussed under Item 1A. Risk Factors of our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K and in any of the Corporations subsequent Securities and Exchange Commission filings: the Corporation’s potential claims, damages, penalties, fines and reputational damage resulting from pending or future litigation, regulatory proceedings and enforcement actions, including inquiries into our retail sales practices, and the possibility that amounts may be in excess of the Corporation’s recorded liability and estimated range of possible loss for litigation exposures; the possibility that the Corporation could face increased servicing, securities, fraud, indemnity, contribution or other claims from one or more counterparties, including trustees, purchasers of loans, underwriters, issuers, monolines, private-label and other investors, or other parties involved in securitizations, monolines or private-label and other investors;securitizations; the possibility that future representations and warranties losses may occur in excess of the Corporation’s recorded liability and estimated range of possible loss for its representations and warranties exposures; the Corporation’s ability to resolve representations and warranties repurchase and related claims, including claims brought by investors or trustees seeking to avoid the statute of limitations for repurchase claims; uncertainties about the financial stability and growth rates of non-U.S. jurisdictions, the risk that those jurisdictions may face difficulties servicing their sovereign debt, and related stresses on financial markets, currencies and trade, and the Corporation’s exposures to such risks, including direct, indirect and operational;
 
the impact of U.S. and global interest rates, currency exchange rates, economic conditions, trade policies, including tariffs, and potential geopolitical instability; the impact on the Corporation’s business, financial condition and results of operations of a potential higher interest rate environment; the possibility that future credit losses may be higher than currently expected due to changes in economic assumptions, customer behavior, adverse developments with respect to U.S. or global economic conditions and other uncertainties; the Corporation’s ability to achieve its expense targets, net interest income expectations, or other projections; adverse changes to the Corporation’s credit ratings from the major credit rating agencies; estimates of the fair value of certain of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities, which may change; uncertainty regarding the content, timing and impact of regulatory capital and liquidity requirements; the potential impact of total loss-absorbing capacity requirements; potential adverse changes to our global systemically important bank surcharge; the potential impact of Federal Reserve actions on the Corporation’s capital plans; the possible impact of the Corporation’s failure to remediate a shortcoming identified by banking regulators in the Corporation’s Resolution Plan; the effect of regulations, other guidance or additional information on our estimated impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act; the impact of implementation and compliance with U.S. and international laws, regulations and regulatory interpretations, including, but not limited to, recovery and resolution planning requirements, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation assessments, the Volcker Rule, fiduciary standards and derivatives regulations; a failure in or breach of the Corporation’s operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of third parties, including as a result of cyber attacks; the impact on the Corporation’s business, financial condition and results of operations from the planned exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union; and other similar matters.
Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and the Corporation undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that arise after the date the forward-looking statement was made.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements referred to in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) are incorporated by reference into the MD&A. Certain prior-period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current-period presentation. Throughout the MD&A, the Corporation uses certain acronyms and abbreviations which are defined in the Glossary.



  
Bank of America     2


Executive Summary
Business Overview
The Corporation is a Delaware corporation, a bank holding company (BHC) and a financial holding company. When used in this report, “the Corporation” may refer to Bank of America Corporation individually, Bank of America Corporation and its subsidiaries, or certain of Bank of America Corporation’s subsidiaries or affiliates. Our principal executive offices are located in Charlotte, North Carolina. Through our banking and various nonbank subsidiaries throughout the U.S. and in international markets, we provide a diversified range of banking and nonbank financial services and products through four business segments: Consumer Banking, Global Wealth & Investment Management (GWIM), Global Banking and Global Markets, with the remaining operations recorded in All Other. We operate our banking activities primarily under the Bank of America, National Association (Bank of America, N.A. or BANA) charter. At March 31,September 30, 2018, the Corporation had approximately $2.3 trillion in assets and a headcount of approximately 208,000205,000 employees. Headcount has remained relatively unchanged since December 31, 2017.
As of March 31,September 30, 2018, we served clients through operations across the United States, its territories and more than 35 countries. Our retail banking footprint covers approximately 85 percent of the U.S. population, and we serve approximately 4767 million consumer and small business relationshipsclients with approximately 4,400 4,400retail retail financial centers,approximately 16,00016,100 ATMs, and
leading digital banking platforms (www.bankofamerica.com) with approximatelymore than 36 million active users, including approximately 25nearly 26 million active mobile users. We offer industry-leading support to approximately three million small business owners. Our wealth management businesses, with client balances of over $2.7approximately $2.8 trillion, provide tailored solutions to meet client needs through a full set of investment management, brokerage, banking, trust and retirement products. We are a global leader in corporate and investment banking and trading across a broad range of asset classes serving corporations, governments, institutions and individuals around the world.
First Quarter 2018 Economic and Business Environment
U.S. macroeconomic trends in the first quarter were characterized by moderate economic growth, low inflation and a strong labor market. Gross domestic product (GDP) growth for the first quarter of 2018 was moderate and lower than previously estimated, with actual GDP growth of 2.3 percent, well below the fourth quarter’s 2.9 percent annualized pace. Notably, retail sales slowed in the first quarter compared to the fourth quarter. Nevertheless, economic fundamentals point to a second-quarter pickup. Consumer confidence remains near cyclical highs, which along with the robust labor market, point to the likelihood of a household spending rebound in the second quarter. Business investment in equipment and software accelerated over 2017. Both manufacturing and non-manufacturing investments are near their highs of the current economic expansion.
Housing activity showed some signs of growth during the first quarter, with continued solid price appreciation when compared to the fourth quarter of 2017. Selling rates are near year-ago levels with continued persistent supply shortages.
Labor market conditions remain strong. Nonfarm payroll growth has been volatile month-to-month but solid on a trend basis. Initial jobless claims are near historic lows. The unemployment rate was 4.1 percent at the end of the quarter, unchanged for six consecutive months, as strong employment gains have been met with solid increases in labor force growth. Wage growth, however, has been relatively muted.
Inflation strengthened in the first quarter, led by gains in apparel, health care and energy. The core Consumer Price Index increased at a three-percent annualized rate, the fastest quarterly rise of the current business expansion, although the less volatile year-on-year rate remained at 2.1 percent.
Equity markets increased substantially through the end of 2017 and into early 2018, with anticipation and enactment of corporate tax reform being the main catalysts, as well as a synchronous global economic expansion. However, equity volatility increased sharply in early February and periodically in March. The S&P 500 finished the first quarter down 1.2 percent from the year end. The 10-year Treasury yield finished the first quarter at 2.76 percent, up from 2.41 percent at the end of 2017. Although the Treasury yield curve steepened during the equity sell-off, the curve subsequently flattened back to levels that prevailed at the end of 2017. The U.S. dollar index trended lower through most of the first quarter.
The Federal Reserve raised its target Federal funds rate corridor to 1.5 to 1.75 percent, the sixth 25-basis point (bp) rate increase of the current cycle. Current Federal Reserve baseline forecasts suggest gradual rate increases will continue into 2018 against a backdrop of solid economic expansion and a tightening labor market. The Federal Open Market Committee also upgraded their economic forecasts, with somewhat faster GDP growth expected this year and in 2019, and a lower trough anticipated for the unemployment rate. Federal Reserve balance sheet normalization is continuing as initially scheduled.
International trade tensions escalated in the first quarter. The U.S. Administration announced plans for broad-based tariffs on steel and aluminum, although subsequently gave exemptions to various trading partners. The Administration also announced plans for tariffs on imports from China, and the Chinese government announced retaliatory measures. Full enactment of the tariffs remains subject to negotiation and further review by the Administration.
After posting its strongest annual GDP growth in 10 years in 2017, economic activity in the eurozone lost some momentum in the first quarter of the year. Despite the positive trend in growth, underlying inflationary pressures have remained dormant. In this context, the European Central Bank continued with the tapering of its quantitative easing program. The impact of the 2016 U.K. referendum vote in favor of leaving the European Union (EU) continues to weigh on the U.K. economy which, in line with the eurozone, has also showed some signs of slowing in the first three months of the year.
Supported by a very accommodative monetary policy stance and sustained growth in external demand, the Japanese economy has continued to expand with headline inflation reaching its highest level since 2015. Across emerging nations, economic activity was supported by China’s continued transition towards a more consumption-based growth model.


3Bank of America






Recent Events
Capital Management
During the firstthird quarter of 2018, we repurchased approximately $4.9$5.0 billion of common stock pursuant to the Board of Directors’ (the Board) June 20172018 repurchase authorization under our 2017 Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) capital plan, including repurchases to offset equity-based compensation awards, and anof approximately $20.6 billion announced on June 28, 2018. For additional share repurchase authorization in December 2017. For more information, see Capital Management on page 18.
Trust Preferred Securities Redemption
22. On April 30,July 26, 2018, the Corporation announced that it has submitted redemption notices for 11 seriesBoard declared a quarterly common stock dividend of trust preferred securities, which will result in the redemption$0.15 per share, payable on September 28, 2018 to shareholders of such trust
preferred securities, along with the trust common securities (held by the Corporation or its affiliates),record as of September 7, 2018. Additionally, on June 6, 2018. The Corporation has received all necessary approvals for these redemptions. Upon the redemption of the trust preferred securities and the extinguishment of the related junior subordinated notes issued by the Corporation, expected to occur in the second quarter ofOctober 24, 2018, the Corporation willBoard declared a quarterly common stock dividend of $0.15 per share, payable on December 28, 2018 to shareholders of record a charge to other income and pretax income estimated to be approximately $800 million, subject to certain redemption price calculations at that time. For additional information, see the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 30,as of December 7, 2018.
Selected Financial Data
Table 1 provides selected consolidated financial data for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, and at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
     
Table 1Selected Financial Data   
     
  Three Months Ended March 31
(Dollars in millions, except per share information)2018 2017
Income statement   
Revenue, net of interest expense$23,125
 $22,248
Net income6,918
 5,337
Diluted earnings per common share0.62
 0.45
Dividends paid per common share0.12
 0.075
Performance ratios   
Return on average assets1.21% 0.97%
Return on average common shareholders’ equity10.85
 8.09
Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity (1)
15.26
 11.44
Efficiency ratio60.09
 63.34
    
 March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
Balance sheet 
  
Total loans and leases$934,078
 $936,749
Total assets2,328,478
 2,281,234
Total deposits1,328,664
 1,309,545
Total common shareholders’ equity241,552
 244,823
Total shareholders’ equity266,224
 267,146
(1)
Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity is a non-GAAP financial measure. For more information and a corresponding reconciliation to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) financial measures, see Non-GAAP Reconciliations on page 48.
Financial Highlights
     
Table 2Summary Income Statement
     
  Three Months Ended March 31
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017
Net interest income$11,608
 $11,058
Noninterest income11,517
 11,190
Total revenue, net of interest expense23,125
 22,248
Provision for credit losses834
 835
Noninterest expense13,897
 14,093
Income before income taxes8,394
 7,320
Income tax expense1,476
 1,983
Net income$6,918
 $5,337
Preferred stock dividends428
 502
Net income applicable to common shareholders$6,490
 $4,835
     
Per common share information   
Earnings$0.63
 $0.48
Diluted earnings0.62
 0.45
         
Table 1Summary Income Statement and Selected Financial Data       
         
  Three Months Ended
September 30
 Nine Months Ended
September 30
(Dollars in millions, except per share information)2018 2017 2018 2017
Income statement 
  
    
Net interest income$11,870
 $11,161
 $35,128
 $33,205
Noninterest income10,907
 10,678
 33,383
 33,711
Total revenue, net of interest expense22,777

21,839

68,511

66,916
Provision for credit losses716
 834
 2,377
 2,395
Noninterest expense13,067
 13,394
 40,248
 41,469
Income before income taxes8,994

7,611

25,886

23,052
Income tax expense1,827
 2,187
 5,017
 7,185
Net income7,167

5,424

20,869

15,867
Preferred stock dividends466
 465
 1,212
 1,328
Net income applicable to common shareholders$6,701

$4,959

$19,657

$14,539
         
Per common share information       
Earnings$0.67
 $0.49
 $1.93
 $1.44
Diluted earnings0.66
 0.46
 1.91
 1.36
Dividends paid0.15
 0.12
 0.39
 0.27
Performance ratios 
  
    
Return on average assets1.23% 0.95% 1.20% 0.94%
Return on average common shareholders’ equity10.99
 7.89
 10.86
 7.91
Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity (1)
15.48
 10.98
 15.30
 11.10
Efficiency ratio57.37
 61.33
 58.75
 61.97
        
     September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
Balance sheet 
  
  
  
Total loans and leases    $929,801
 $936,749
Total assets    2,338,833
 2,281,234
Total deposits    1,345,649
 1,309,545
Total common shareholders’ equity    239,832
 244,823
Total shareholders’ equity    262,158
 267,146
(1)
Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity is a non-GAAP financial measure. For more information and a corresponding reconciliation to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) financial measures, see Non-GAAP Reconciliations on page 52.

3Bank of America






Net income was $6.9$7.2 billion and $20.9 billion, or $0.62$0.66 and $1.91 per diluted share for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $5.3$5.4 billion and $15.9 billion, or $0.45$0.46 and $1.36 per diluted share for the same periodperiods in 2017. The resultsimprovement in net income for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 werewas driven by an increasea decrease in net interest income and noninterest income, and a decline in noninterest expense as well as lower income tax expense due to the impacts of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act). These impacts, an increase in net interest income, higher noninterest income in the three-month period, lower provision for credit losses and a decline in noninterest expense, partially offset by a decline in noninterest income in the nine-month period. Impacts from the Tax Act include a reduction in the federal tax rate to 21 percent from 35 percent, an increase in U.S. taxes related to our non-U.S. operations and the elimination of tax deductions for Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) premiums. These changes resulted in a net reduction to our estimated annual effective tax rate of approximately nine percentage points.percent.
Total assets increased $47.2$57.6 billion from December 31, 2017 to $2.3 trillion at March 31,September 30, 2018 driven by higher cash and cash equivalents from seasonally higher depositsliquidity management actions and an increase in securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell primarily due to supportshort-term investments of cash largely resulting from deposit growth.
Total liabilities increased $62.6 billion from December 31, 2017 to $2.1 trillion at September 30, 2018 primarily driven by higher deposits due to organic growth and several large short-term
placements at the end of the quarter, increases in accrued expenses and other liabilities primarily due to trading-related payables, and higher trading account liabilities driven by client activity in Global Markets client activity.. Shareholders’ equity decreased $5.0 billion from December 31, 2017 primarily due to returns of capital to shareholders through common stock repurchases and common and preferred stock dividends, market value declines in debt securities and the redemption of preferred stock, partially offset by net income and issuances of preferred stock.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income increased $709 million to $11.9 billion, and $1.9 billion to $35.1 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same periods in 2017. The net interest yield increased eight basis points (bps) to 2.39 percent, and four bps to 2.36 percent for the same periods. These increases were primarily driven by higher interest rates as well as loan and deposit growth, partially offset by a decreasetightening spreads, and for the nine-month period, the impact of the sale of the non-U.S. consumer credit card business in debt securitiesthe second quarter of 2017. For more information regarding interest rate risk management, see Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book on page 49.
Noninterest Income
         
Table 2Noninterest Income       
         
  Three Months Ended
September 30
 Nine Months Ended
September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017
Card income$1,470
 $1,429
 $4,469
 $4,347
Service charges1,961
 1,968
 5,836
 5,863
Investment and brokerage services3,494
 3,437
 10,616
 10,314
Investment banking income1,204
 1,477
 3,979
 4,593
Trading account profits1,893
 1,837
 6,907
 6,124
Other income885
 530
 1,576
 2,470
Total noninterest income$10,907

$10,678

$33,383

$33,711
Noninterest income increased $229 million to $10.9 billion, and decreased $328 million to $33.4 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same periods in 2017. The following highlights the significant changes.
Card income increased$41 millionand $122 million primarily driven by an increase in credit and debit card spending, as well as increased late fees and annual fees, partially offset by higher rewards costs and lower cash advance fees, and for the nine-month period, the sale of the non-U.S. consumer credit card business.
Investment and brokerage services income increased$57 million and $302 million primarily due to lower reinvestment-related purchases as well asassets under management (AUM) flows and higher market value declines.valuations, partially offset by the impact of changing market dynamics on transactional revenue, and AUM pricing.
Investment banking income decreased $273 million and $614 million primarily due to declines in leveraged finance and advisory fees, partially offset by an increase in equity underwriting fees.
Trading account profits increased $56 million for the three-month period primarily due to increased client activity in equity financing and derivatives, partially offset by weakness in rates products and municipal bonds, and increased $783 million for the nine-month period primarily due to increased client activity in equity financing and derivatives, and strong trading performance in equity derivatives and macro-related products, partially offset by weakness in credit products.
Other income increased $355 million for the three-month period primarily due to increased results from economic hedging activities, lower provision for representations and warranties and a gain on the sale of an equity investment. The $894 million decrease for the nine-month period also reflected a $729 million charge related to the redemption of certain trust preferred securities, partially offset by $656 million of gains on the sale of certain loans, primarily non-core. The nine-month period in 2017 included a $793 million pretax gain recognized in connection with the sale of the non-U.S. consumer credit card business.


  
Bank of America     4


Provision for Credit Losses
Total liabilities increased $48.2 billion from December 31, 2017 to $2.1 trillion at March 31, 2018 primarily driven by seasonally higher deposits and an increase in trading account liabilities from increased activity in Global Markets. Shareholders’ equityThe provision for credit losses decreased $922 million from December 31, 2017 primarily due to returns of capital to shareholders through common stock repurchases and common and preferred stock dividends, and market value declines on debt securities, largely offset by net income and issuances of preferred stock.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income increased $550$118 million to $11.6 billion$716 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 primarily due to asset quality improvement in the commercial portfolio including energy exposures and a lower reserve build in the net interest yield increased one bp to 2.36 percent. These increases were primarily driven by the benefits from higher interest rates along with loan and deposit growth, partially offset by the sale of the non-U.S. consumerU.S. credit card business in the second quarter of 2017 and higher funding costs in Global Markets. For more information regarding interest rate risk management, see Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book on page 45.
Noninterest Income
     
Table 3Noninterest Income   
     
  Three Months Ended March 31
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017
Card income$1,457
 $1,449
Service charges1,921
 1,918
Investment and brokerage services3,664
 3,417
Investment banking income1,353
 1,584
Trading account profits2,699
 2,331
Other income423
 491
Total noninterest income$11,517
 $11,190
Noninterest income increased $327 million to $11.5 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The following highlights the significant changes.
Investment and brokerage services income increased$247 million primarily driven by higher market valuations and the impact of assets under management (AUM) flows, partially offset by the impact of changing market dynamics on transactional revenue and AUM pricing.
Investment banking income decreased $231 million primarily due to declines in advisory fees and equity and debt issuance fees.
Trading account profits increased $368 million primarily due to increased client activity and a strong trading performance in equity derivatives, partially offset by lower activity and less favorable markets in credit products.
Other income decreased $68 million primarily due to lower equity investment gains.
Provision for Credit Losses
portfolio. The provision for credit losses remained relatively unchangeddecreased $18 million to $2.4 billion for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018
compared to the same period in 2017 with continuedprimarily due to asset quality improvement in the consumer real estatecommercial portfolio including energy exposures and the impact of the sale of the non-U.S. consumer credit card business during the second quarter of 2017, largely offset by an increase in U.S. credit card due to portfolio seasoning and loan growth.growth in the U.S. credit card portfolio and a slower pace of improvement in the consumer real estate portfolio. For more information on the provision for credit losses, see Provision for Credit Losses on page 41.44.
Noninterest Expense
            
Table 4Noninterest Expense   
Table 3Noninterest Expense       
            
 Three Months Ended March 31 Three Months Ended
September 30
 Nine Months Ended
September 30
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)2018 2017(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017
PersonnelPersonnel$8,480
 $8,475
Personnel$7,721
 $7,811
 $24,145
 $24,326
OccupancyOccupancy1,014
 1,000
Occupancy1,015
 999
 3,051
 3,000
EquipmentEquipment442
 438
Equipment421
 416
 1,278
 1,281
MarketingMarketing345
 332
Marketing421
 461
 1,161
 1,235
Professional feesProfessional fees381
 456
Professional fees439
 476
 1,219
 1,417
Data processingData processing810
 794
Data processing791
 777
 2,398
 2,344
TelecommunicationsTelecommunications183
 191
Telecommunications173
 170
 522
 538
Other general operatingOther general operating2,242
 2,407
Other general operating2,086
 2,284
 6,474
 7,328
Total noninterest expenseTotal noninterest expense$13,897
 $14,093
Total noninterest expense$13,067

$13,394

$40,248

$41,469
Noninterest expense decreased $196$327 million to $13.9$13.1 billion and $1.2 billion to $40.2 billion for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to the same periodperiods in 20172017. The decrease for both periods was primarily due to lower other general operating expense, primarily driven by lower non-personnel costs, primarilya decline in litigation expense and, professional fees.for the nine-month period, a $295 million impairment charge recognized in the second quarter of 2017 related to certain data centers. Personnel expense also declined for both periods.
Income Tax Expense
            
Table 5Income Tax Expense   
Table 4Income Tax Expense       
            
 Three Months Ended March 31 Three Months Ended
September 30
 Nine Months Ended
September 30
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)2018 2017(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017
Income before income taxesIncome before income taxes$8,394
 $7,320
Income before income taxes$8,994
 $7,611
 $25,886
 $23,052
Income tax expenseIncome tax expense1,476
 1,983
Income tax expense1,827
 2,187
 5,017
 7,185
Effective tax rateEffective tax rate17.6% 27.1%Effective tax rate20.3%
28.7%
19.4%
31.2%
The effective tax raterates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 reflectsreflect the new 21 percent federal tax rate and the other provisions of the Tax Act. Further,Act, as well as the impact of our recurring tax preference benefits. The nine-month effective rate also included tax benefits related to stock-based compensation.
The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 andSeptember 30, 2017 were lower thandriven by the applicable federal and state statutory rates due toimpact of our recurring
tax preference benefits andbenefits. The nine-month effective tax rate also included a tax charge related to the sale of the non-U.S. consumer credit card business during the second quarter of 2017, partially offset by tax benefits related to stock-based compensation. compensation recognized earlier in the year.
We expect the effective tax rate for 2018 to be approximately 20 percent, absent unusual items.

5     Bank of America

  





           
Table 6Selected Quarterly Financial Data         
           
  2018 Quarter Quarter 2017 Quarters
(In millions, except per share information)First Fourth Third Second First
Income statement     
  
  
Net interest income$11,608
 $11,462
 $11,161
 $10,986
 $11,058
Noninterest income (1)
11,517
 8,974
 10,678
 11,843
 11,190
Total revenue, net of interest expense23,125
 20,436
 21,839
 22,829
 22,248
Provision for credit losses834
 1,001
 834
 726
 835
Noninterest expense13,897
 13,274
 13,394
 13,982
 14,093
Income before income taxes8,394
 6,161
 7,611
 8,121
 7,320
Income tax expense (1)
1,476
 3,796
 2,187
 3,015
 1,983
Net income (1)
6,918
 2,365
 5,424
 5,106
 5,337
Net income applicable to common shareholders6,490
 2,079
 4,959
 4,745
 4,835
Average common shares issued and outstanding10,322.4
 10,470.7
 10,197.9
 10,013.5
 10,099.6
Average diluted common shares issued and outstanding10,472.7
 10,621.8
 10,746.7
 10,834.8
 10,919.7
Performance ratios 
  
  
  
  
Return on average assets1.21% 0.41% 0.95% 0.90% 0.97%
Four quarter trailing return on average assets (2)
0.86
 0.80
 0.91
 0.89
 0.88
Return on average common shareholders’ equity10.85
 3.29
 7.89
 7.75
 8.09
Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity (3)
15.26
 4.56
 10.98
 10.87
 11.44
Return on average shareholders’ equity10.57
 3.43
 7.88
 7.56
 8.09
Return on average tangible shareholders’ equity (3)
14.37
 4.62
 10.59
 10.23
 11.01
Total ending equity to total ending assets11.43
 11.71
 11.91
 12.00
 11.92
Total average equity to total average assets11.41
 11.87
 12.03
 11.94
 12.00
Dividend payout19.06
 60.35
 25.59
 15.78
 15.64
Per common share data 
  
  
  
  
Earnings$0.63
 $0.20
 $0.49
 $0.47
 $0.48
Diluted earnings0.62
 0.20
 0.46
 0.44
 0.45
Dividends paid0.12
 0.12
 0.12
 0.075
 0.075
Book value23.74
 23.80
 23.87
 24.85
 24.34
Tangible book value (3)
16.84
 16.96
 17.18
 17.75
 17.22
Market price per share of common stock 
  
      
Closing$29.99
 $29.52
 $25.34
 $24.26
 $23.59
High closing32.84
 29.88
 25.45
 24.32
 25.50
Low closing29.17
 25.45
 22.89
 22.23
 22.05
Market capitalization$305,176
 $303,681
 $264,992
 $239,643
 $235,291
Average balance sheet 
  
  
  
  
Total loans and leases$931,915
 $927,790
 $918,129
 $914,717
 $914,144
Total assets2,325,878
 2,301,687
 2,271,104
 2,269,293
 2,231,649
Total deposits1,297,268
 1,293,572
 1,271,711
 1,256,838
 1,256,632
Long-term debt229,603
 227,644
 227,309
 224,019
 221,468
Common shareholders’ equity242,713
 250,838
 249,214
 245,756
 242,480
Total shareholders’ equity265,480
 273,162
 273,238
 270,977
 267,700
Asset quality 
  
  
  
  
Allowance for credit losses (4)
$11,042
 $11,170
 $11,455
 $11,632
 $11,869
Nonperforming loans, leases and foreclosed properties (5)
6,694
 6,758
 6,869
 7,127
 7,637
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding (6, 7)
1.11% 1.12% 1.16% 1.20% 1.25%
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total nonperforming loans and leases (5, 6)
161
 161
 163
 160
 156
Net charge-offs (7, 8)
$911
 $1,237
 $900
 $908
 $934
Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases outstanding (6, 8)
0.40% 0.53% 0.39% 0.40% 0.42%
Capital ratios at period end (9)
 
  
  
  
  
Common equity tier 1 capital11.3% 11.5% 11.9% 11.5% 11.0%
Tier 1 capital13.0
 13.0
 13.4
 13.2
 12.6
Total capital14.8
 14.8
 15.1
 15.0
 14.3
Tier 1 leverage8.4
 8.6
 8.9
 8.8
 8.8
Supplementary leverage ratio6.8
 n/a
 n/a
 n/a
 n/a
Tangible equity (3)
8.7
 8.9
 9.1
 9.2
 9.1
Tangible common equity (3)
7.6
 7.9
 8.1
 8.0
 7.9
(1)
Net income for the fourth quarter of 2017 included an estimated charge of $2.9 billion related to the Tax Act effects which consisted of $946 million in noninterest income and $1.9 billion in income tax expense.
(2)
Calculated as total net income for four consecutive quarters divided by annualized average assets for four consecutive quarters.
(3)
Tangible equity ratios and tangible book value per share of common stock are non-GAAP financial measures. For more information on these ratios, see Supplemental Financial Data on page 7, and for corresponding reconciliations to GAAP financial measures, see Non-GAAP Reconciliations on page 48.
(4)
Includes the allowance for loan and lease losses and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments.
(5)
Balances and ratios do not include loans accounted for under the fair value option. For additional exclusions from nonperforming loans, leases and foreclosed properties, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Nonperforming Consumer Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity on page 33 and corresponding Table 28, and Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Nonperforming Commercial Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity on page 37 and corresponding Table 35.
(6)
Asset quality metrics for the first quarter of 2017 include $242 million of non-U.S. credit card allowance for loan and lease losses and $9.5 billion of non-U.S. credit card loans, which were included in assets of business held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2017. The Corporation sold its non-U.S. consumer credit card business in the second quarter of 2017.
(7)
Net charge-offs exclude $35 million, $46 million, $73 million, $55 million and $33 million of write-offs in the purchased credit-impaired (PCI) loan portfolio in the first quarter of 2018, and in the fourth, third, second and first quarters of 2017, respectively. For more information, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Purchased Credit-impaired Loan Portfolio on page 31.
(8)
Includes net charge-offs of $31 million and $44 million on non-U.S. credit card loans in the second and first quarters of 2017, which were included in assets of business held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2017.
(9)
Basel 3 transition provisions for regulatory capital adjustments and deductions were fully phased-in as of January 1, 2018. Prior periods are presented on a fully phased-in basis. For more information, see Capital Management on page 18.
n/a = not applicable

Bank of America6


Supplemental Financial Data
In this Form 10-Q, we present certain non-GAAP financial measures. Non-GAAP financial measures exclude certain items or otherwise include components that differ from the most directly comparable measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures are provided as additional useful information to assess our financial condition, results of operations (including period-to-period operating performance) or compliance with prospective regulatory requirements. These non-GAAP financial measures are not intended as a substitute for GAAP financial measures and may not be defined or calculated the same way as non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies.
We view net interest income and related ratios and analyses on a fully taxable-equivalent (FTE) basis, which when presented on a consolidated basis, are non-GAAP financial measures. To derive the FTE basis, net interest income is adjusted to reflect tax-exempt income on an equivalent before-tax basis with a corresponding increase in income tax expense. For purposes of this calculation, we use the federal statutory tax rate of 21 percent for 2018 (35 percent for all prior periods) and a representative state tax rate. In addition, certain performance measures, including the efficiency ratio and net interest yield, utilize net interest income (and thus total revenue) on an FTE basis. The efficiency ratio measures the costs expended to generate a dollar of revenue, and net interest yield measures the bps we earn over the cost of funds. We believe that presentation of these items on an FTE basis allows for comparison of amounts from both taxable and tax-exempt sources and is consistent with industry practices.
We may present certain key performance indicators and ratios excluding certain items (e.g., debit valuation adjustment (DVA) gains (losses)) which result in non-GAAP financial measures. We believe that the presentation of measures that exclude these items is useful because such measures provide additional information to assess the underlying operational performance and trends of our businesses and to allow better comparison of period-to-period operating performance.
We also evaluate our business based on certain ratios that utilize tangible equity, a non-GAAP financial measure. Tangible
 
equity represents an adjusted shareholders’ equity or common shareholders’ equity amount which has been reduced by goodwill and certain acquired intangible assets (excluding mortgage servicing rights (MSRs)), net of related deferred tax liabilities. These measures are used to evaluate our use of equity. In addition, profitability, relationship and investment models use both return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity and return on average tangible shareholders’ equity as key measures to support our overall growth goals. These ratios are as follows:
Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity measures our earnings contribution as a percentage of adjusted common shareholders’ equity. The tangible common equity ratio represents adjusted ending common shareholders’ equity divided by total assets less goodwill and certain acquired intangible assets (excluding MSRs), net of related deferred tax liabilities.
Return on average tangible shareholders’ equity measures our earnings contribution as a percentage of adjusted average total shareholders’ equity. The tangible equity ratio represents adjusted ending shareholders’ equity divided by total assets less goodwill and certain acquired intangible assets (excluding MSRs), net of related deferred tax liabilities.
Tangible book value per common share represents adjusted ending common shareholders’ equity divided by ending common shares outstanding.
We believe that the use of ratios that utilize tangible equity provides additional useful information because they present measures of those assets that can generate income. Tangible book value per share provides additional useful information about the level of tangible assets in relation to outstanding shares of common stock.
The aforementioned supplemental data and performance measures are presented in TableTables 5 and 6.
For more information on the reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to GAAP financial measures, see Non-GAAP Reconciliations on page 48.

52.


7Bank of America6






             
Table 7Quarterly Average Balances and Interest Rates - FTE Basis        
             
  
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Yield/
Rate
 Average
Balance
 Interest
Income/
Expense
 Yield/
Rate
(Dollars in millions)First Quarter 2018 First Quarter 2017
Earning assets 
  
  
  
  
  
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve, non-U.S. central banks and other banks$140,247
 $422
 1.22% $123,921
 $202
 0.66%
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments10,786
 61
 2.31
 11,497
 47
 1.65
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell (1)
248,320
 622
 1.02
 216,402
 356
 0.67
Trading account assets131,123
 1,147
 3.54
 125,661
 1,111
 3.58
Debt securities433,096
 2,830
 2.58
 430,234
 2,573
 2.38
Loans and leases (2):
           
Residential mortgage204,830
 1,782
 3.48
 193,627
 1,661
 3.44
Home equity56,952
 643
 4.56
 65,508
 639
 3.94
U.S. credit card94,423
 2,313
 9.93
 89,628
 2,111
 9.55
Non-U.S. credit card (3)

 
 
 9,367
 211
 9.15
Direct/Indirect consumer (4)
92,478
 701
 3.07
 93,291
 608
 2.65
Other consumer (5)
2,814
 27
 4.00
 2,547
 27
 4.07
Total consumer451,497
 5,466
 4.89
 453,968
 5,257
 4.68
U.S. commercial299,850
 2,717
 3.68
 287,468
 2,222
 3.14
Non-U.S. commercial99,504
 738
 3.01
 92,821
 595
 2.60
Commercial real estate (6)
59,231
 587
 4.02
 57,764
 479
 3.36
Commercial lease financing21,833
 175
 3.20
 22,123
 231
 4.17
Total commercial480,418
 4,217
 3.56
 460,176
 3,527
 3.11
Total loans and leases (3)
931,915
 9,683
 4.20
 914,144
 8,784
 3.88
Other earning assets (1)
84,345
 984
 4.72
 73,514
 760
 4.19
Total earning assets (1,7)
1,979,832
 15,749
 3.21
 1,895,373
 13,833
 2.96
Cash and due from banks26,275
     27,196
    
Other assets, less allowance for loan and lease losses319,771
     309,080
    
Total assets$2,325,878
     $2,231,649
    
Interest-bearing liabilities 
  
  
  
  
  
U.S. interest-bearing deposits: 
  
  
  
  
  
Savings$54,747
 $1
 0.01% $52,193
 $1
 0.01%
NOW and money market deposit accounts659,033
 406
 0.25
 617,749
 74
 0.05
Consumer CDs and IRAs41,313
 33
 0.33
 46,711
 31
 0.27
Negotiable CDs, public funds and other deposits40,639
 157
 1.56
 33,695
 52
 0.63
Total U.S. interest-bearing deposits795,732
 597
 0.30
 750,348
 158
 0.09
Non-U.S. interest-bearing deposits:           
Banks located in non-U.S. countries2,243
 9
 1.67
 2,616
 5
 0.76
Governments and official institutions1,154
 
 0.02
 1,013
 2
 0.81
Time, savings and other67,334
 154
 0.92
 58,418
 117
 0.81
Total non-U.S. interest-bearing deposits70,731
 163
 0.93
 62,047
 124
 0.81
Total interest-bearing deposits866,463
 760
 0.36
 812,395
 282
 0.14
Federal funds purchased, securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase, short-term borrowings and other interest-bearing liabilities (1)
278,931
 1,135
 1.65
 266,837
 573
 0.87
Trading account liabilities55,362
 357
 2.62
 38,731
 264
 2.76
Long-term debt229,603
 1,739
 3.06
 221,468
 1,459
 2.65
Total interest-bearing liabilities (1,7)
1,430,359
 3,991
 1.13
 1,339,431
 2,578
 0.78
Noninterest-bearing sources:           
Noninterest-bearing deposits430,805
     444,237
    
Other liabilities (1)
199,234
     180,281
    
Shareholders’ equity265,480
     267,700
    
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$2,325,878
     $2,231,649
    
Net interest spread    2.08%     2.18%
Impact of noninterest-bearing sources    0.31
     0.21
Net interest income/yield on earning assets  $11,758
 2.39%   $11,255
 2.39%
           
Table 5Selected Quarterly Financial Data         
           
  2018 Quarters 2017 Quarters
(In millions, except per share information)Third Second First Fourth Third
Income statement     
  
  
Net interest income$11,870
 $11,650
 $11,608
 $11,462
 $11,161
Noninterest income (1)
10,907
 10,959
 11,517
 8,974
 10,678
Total revenue, net of interest expense22,777
 22,609
 23,125
 20,436
 21,839
Provision for credit losses716
 827
 834
 1,001
 834
Noninterest expense13,067
 13,284
 13,897
 13,274
 13,394
Income before income taxes8,994
 8,498
 8,394
 6,161
 7,611
Income tax expense (1)
1,827
 1,714
 1,476
 3,796
 2,187
Net income (1)
7,167
 6,784
 6,918
 2,365
 5,424
Net income applicable to common shareholders6,701
 6,466
 6,490
 2,079
 4,959
Average common shares issued and outstanding10,031.6
 10,181.7
 10,322.4
 10,470.7
 10,197.9
Average diluted common shares issued and outstanding10,170.8
 10,309.4
 10,472.7
 10,621.8
 10,746.7
Performance ratios 
  
  
  
  
Return on average assets1.23% 1.17% 1.21% 0.41% 0.95%
Four quarter trailing return on average assets (2)
1.00
 0.93
 0.86
 0.80
 0.91
Return on average common shareholders’ equity10.99
 10.75
 10.85
 3.29
 7.89
Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity (3)
15.48
 15.15
 15.26
 4.56
 10.98
Return on average shareholders’ equity10.74
 10.26
 10.57
 3.43
 7.88
Return on average tangible shareholders’ equity (3)
14.61
 13.95
 14.37
 4.62
 10.59
Total ending equity to total ending assets11.21
 11.53
 11.43
 11.71
 11.91
Total average equity to total average assets11.42
 11.42
 11.41
 11.87
 12.03
Dividend payout22.35
 18.83
 19.06
 60.35
 25.59
Per common share data 
  
  
  
  
Earnings$0.67
 $0.64
 $0.63
 $0.20
 $0.49
Diluted earnings0.66
 0.63
 0.62
 0.20
 0.46
Dividends paid0.15
 0.12
 0.12
 0.12
 0.12
Book value24.33
 24.07
 23.74
 23.80
 23.87
Tangible book value (3)
17.23
 17.07
 16.84
 16.96
 17.18
Market price per share of common stock 
  
      
Closing$29.46
 $28.19
 $29.99
 $29.52
 $25.34
High closing31.80
 31.22
 32.84
 29.88
 25.45
Low closing27.78
 28.19
 29.17
 25.45
 22.89
Market capitalization$290,424
 $282,259
 $305,176
 $303,681
 $264,992
Average balance sheet 
  
  
  
  
Total loans and leases$930,736
 $934,818
 $931,915
 $927,790
 $918,129
Total assets2,317,829
 2,322,678
 2,325,878
 2,301,687
 2,271,104
Total deposits1,316,345
 1,300,659
 1,297,268
 1,293,572
 1,271,711
Long-term debt233,475
 229,037
 229,603
 227,644
 227,309
Common shareholders’ equity241,812
 241,313
 242,713
 250,838
 249,214
Total shareholders’ equity264,653
 265,181
 265,480
 273,162
 273,238
Asset quality 
  
  
  
  
Allowance for credit losses (4)
$10,526
 $10,837
 $11,042
 $11,170
 $11,455
Nonperforming loans, leases and foreclosed properties (5)
5,449
 6,181
 6,694
 6,758
 6,869
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding (5)
1.05% 1.08% 1.11% 1.12% 1.16%
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total nonperforming loans and leases (5)
189
 170
 161
 161
 163
Net charge-offs (6)
$932
 $996
 $911
 $1,237
 $900
Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases outstanding (5, 6)
0.40% 0.43% 0.40% 0.53% 0.39%
Capital ratios at period end (7)
 
  
  
  
  
Common equity tier 1 capital11.4% 11.4% 11.3% 11.5% 11.9%
Tier 1 capital12.9
 13.0
 13.0
 13.0
 13.4
Total capital14.7
 14.8
 14.8
 14.8
 15.1
Tier 1 leverage8.3
 8.4
 8.4
 8.6
 8.9
Supplementary leverage ratio6.7
 6.7
 6.8
 n/a
 n/a
Tangible equity (3)
8.5
 8.7
 8.7
 8.9
 9.1
Tangible common equity (3)
7.5
 7.7
 7.6
 7.9
 8.1
(1)
Net income for the fourth quarter of 2017 included a charge of $2.9 billion related to the Tax Act effects which consisted of $946 million in noninterest income and $1.9 billion in income tax expense.
(2)
Calculated as total net income for four consecutive quarters divided by annualized average assets for four consecutive quarters.
(3)
Tangible equity ratios and tangible book value per share of common stock are non-GAAP financial measures. For more information on these ratios, see Supplemental Financial Data on page 6, and for corresponding reconciliations to GAAP financial measures, see Non-GAAP Reconciliations on page 52.
(4)
Includes the allowance for loan and lease losses and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments.
(5)
Balances and ratios do not include loans accounted for under the fair value option. For additional exclusions from nonperforming loans, leases and foreclosed properties, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Nonperforming Consumer Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity on page 36 and corresponding Table 28 and Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Nonperforming Commercial Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity on page 40 and corresponding Table 35.
(6)
Net charge-offs exclude $95 million, $36 million, $35 million, $46 million and $73 million of write-offs in the purchased credit-impaired (PCI) loan portfolio in the third, second and first quarters of 2018, and in the fourth and third quarters of 2017, respectively. For more information, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Purchased Credit-impaired Loan Portfolio on page 34.
(7)
Basel 3 transition provisions for regulatory capital adjustments and deductions were fully phased-in as of January 1, 2018. Prior periods are presented on a fully phased-in basis. For more information, including which approach is used to assess capital adequacy, see Capital Management on page 22.
n/a = not applicable

Bank of America7


     
Table 6Selected Year-to-Date Financial Data   
  Nine Months Ended September 30
(In millions, except per share information)2018 2017
Income statement   
Net interest income$35,128
 $33,205
Noninterest income33,383
 33,711
Total revenue, net of interest expense68,511
 66,916
Provision for credit losses2,377
 2,395
Noninterest expense40,248
 41,469
Income before income taxes25,886
 23,052
Income tax expense5,017
 7,185
Net income20,869
 15,867
Net income applicable to common shareholders19,657
 14,539
Average common shares issued and outstanding10,177.5
 10,103.4
Average diluted common shares issued and outstanding10,317.9
 10,832.1
Performance ratios 
  
Return on average assets1.20% 0.94%
Return on average common shareholders’ equity10.86
 7.91
Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity (1)
15.30
 11.10
Return on average shareholders’ equity10.52
 7.84
Return on average tangible shareholders’ equity (1)
14.31
 10.61
Total ending equity to total ending assets11.21
 11.91
Total average equity to total average assets11.42
 11.99
Dividend payout20.10
 19.08
Per common share data 
  
Earnings$1.93
 $1.44
Diluted earnings1.91
 1.36
Dividends paid0.39
 0.27
Book value24.33
 23.87
Tangible book value (1)
17.23
 17.18
Market price per share of common stock 
  
Closing$29.46
 $25.34
High closing32.84
 25.50
Low closing27.78
 22.05
Market capitalization$290,424
 $264,992
(1)
Tangible equity ratios and tangible book value per share of common stock are non-GAAP financial measures. For more information on these ratios and for corresponding reconciliations to GAAP financial measures, see Non-GAAP Reconciliations on page 52.

Bank of America8


             
Table 7Quarterly Average Balances and Interest Rates - FTE Basis        
             
  
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Yield/
Rate
 Average
Balance
 Interest
Income/
Expense
 Yield/
Rate
(Dollars in millions)Third Quarter 2018 Third Quarter 2017
Earning assets 
  
  
  
  
  
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve, non-U.S. central banks and other banks$144,411
 $523
 1.44% $127,835
 $323
 1.00%
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments8,328
 48
 2.26
 12,503
 68
 2.17
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell (1)
241,426
 799
 1.31
 223,585
 487
 0.86
Trading account assets128,896
 1,195
 3.68
 124,068
 1,125
 3.60
Debt securities445,813
 3,014
 2.66
 436,886
 2,670
 2.44
Loans and leases (2):
           
Residential mortgage209,460
 1,857
 3.54
 199,240
 1,724
 3.46
Home equity53,050
 656
 4.91
 61,225
 664
 4.31
U.S. credit card94,710
 2,435
 10.20
 91,602
 2,253
 9.76
Direct/Indirect and other consumer (3)
91,828
 787
 3.40
 96,272
 706
 2.91
Total consumer449,048
 5,735
 5.08
 448,339
 5,347
 4.74
U.S. commercial303,680
 3,034
 3.97
 293,203
 2,542
 3.44
Non-U.S. commercial96,019
 831
 3.43
 95,725
 676
 2.80
Commercial real estate (4)
60,754
 682
 4.45
 59,044
 552
 3.71
Commercial lease financing21,235
 173
 3.25
 21,818
 160
 2.92
Total commercial481,688
 4,720
 3.89
 469,790
 3,930
 3.32
Total loans and leases930,736
 10,455
 4.46
 918,129
 9,277
 4.02
Other earning assets (1)
72,827
 1,082
 5.91
 76,496
 849
 4.41
Total earning assets (1,5)
1,972,437
 17,116
 3.45
 1,919,502
 14,799
 3.06
Cash and due from banks25,639
     28,990
    
Other assets, less allowance for loan and lease losses319,753
     322,612
    
Total assets$2,317,829
     $2,271,104
    
Interest-bearing liabilities 
  
  
  
  
  
U.S. interest-bearing deposits: 
  
  
  
  
  
Savings$53,929
 $1
 0.01% $54,328
 $1
 0.01%
NOW and money market deposit accounts680,285
 737
 0.43
 631,270
 333
 0.21
Consumer CDs and IRAs39,160
 40
 0.41
 44,239
 31
 0.27
Negotiable CDs, public funds and other deposits54,192
 275
 2.01
 38,119
 101
 1.05
Total U.S. interest-bearing deposits827,566
 1,053
 0.50
 767,956
 466
 0.24
Non-U.S. interest-bearing deposits:           
Banks located in non-U.S. countries2,353
 12
 2.06
 2,259
 5
 0.97
Governments and official institutions709
 
 0.01
 1,012
 3
 1.04
Time, savings and other63,179
 165
 1.04
 63,716
 150
 0.93
Total non-U.S. interest-bearing deposits66,241
 177
 1.07
 66,987
 158
 0.93
Total interest-bearing deposits893,807
 1,230
 0.55
 834,943
 624
 0.30
Federal funds purchased, securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase, short-term borrowings and other interest-bearing liabilities (1)
264,168
 1,526
 2.30
 270,364
 846
 1.24
Trading account liabilities50,904
 335
 2.60
 48,390
 319
 2.62
Long-term debt233,475
 2,004
 3.42
 227,309
 1,609
 2.82
Total interest-bearing liabilities (1,5)
1,442,354
 5,095
 1.40
 1,381,006
 3,398
 0.98
Noninterest-bearing sources:           
Noninterest-bearing deposits422,538
     436,768
    
Other liabilities (1)
188,284
     180,092
    
Shareholders’ equity264,653
     273,238
    
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$2,317,829
     $2,271,104
    
Net interest spread    2.05%     2.08%
Impact of noninterest-bearing sources    0.37
     0.28
Net interest income/yield on earning assets  $12,021
 2.42%   $11,401
 2.36%
(1) 
Certain prior-period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.
(2) 
Nonperforming loans are included in the respective average loan balances. Income on these nonperforming loans is generally recognized on a cost recovery basis. PCI loans are recorded at fair value upon acquisition and accrete interest income over the estimated life of the loan.
(3) 
Includes non-U.S. consumer loans of $2.8 billion and $2.9 billion in the third quarter of 2018 and 2017.
(4)
Includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $56.8 billion and $55.2 billion, and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $4.0 billion and $3.8 billion in the third quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively.
(5)
Interest income includes the impact of interest rate risk management contracts, which decreased interest income on the underlying assets by $57 million and $7 million in the third quarter of 2018 and 2017. Interest expense includes the impact of interest rate risk management contracts, which increased (decreased) interest expense on the underlying liabilities by $68 million and $(346) million in the third quarter of 2018 and 2017. For more information, see Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book on page 49.

Bank of America9


             
Table 8Year-to-Date Average Balances and Interest Rates - FTE Basis
             
 Average
Balance
 Interest
Income/
Expense
 Yield/
Rate
 Average
Balance
 Interest
Income/
Expense
 Yield/
Rate
 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)

2018 2017
Earning assets 
  
  
  
  
  
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve, non-U.S. central banks and other banks$143,229
 $1,432
 1.34% $127,000
 $786
 0.83%
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments9,700
 157
 2.16
 11,820
 173
 1.96
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell (1)
247,183
 2,130
 1.15
 222,255
 1,278
 0.77
Trading account assets130,931
 3,574
 3.65
 128,547
 3,435
 3.57
Debt securities436,080
 8,729
 2.62
 432,775
 7,875
 2.42
Loans and leases (2):
 
  
  
  
  
  
Residential mortgage206,808
 5,437
 3.51
 196,288
 5,082
 3.45
Home equity54,941
 1,939
 4.72
 63,339
 1,967
 4.15
U.S. credit card94,222
 7,046
 10.00
 90,238
 6,492
 9.62
Non-U.S. credit card (3)

 
 
 5,253
 358
 9.12
Direct/Indirect and other consumer (4)
93,568
 2,281
 3.26
 95,964
 2,010
 2.80
Total consumer449,539
 16,703
 4.96
 451,082
 15,909
 4.71
U.S. commercial302,981
 8,734
 3.85
 290,632
 7,167
 3.30
Non-U.S. commercial98,246
 2,385
 3.25
 93,762
 1,886
 2.69
Commercial real estate (5)
60,218
 1,915
 4.25
 58,340
 1,545
 3.54
Commercial lease financing21,501
 516
 3.20
 21,862
 547
 3.33
Total commercial482,946
 13,550
 3.75
 464,596
 11,145
 3.21
Total loans and leases (3)
932,485
 30,253
 4.34
 915,678
 27,054
 3.95
Other earning assets (1)
78,431
 3,113
 5.31
 74,554
 2,322
 4.16
Total earning assets (1,6)
1,978,039
 49,388
 3.34
 1,912,629
 42,923
 3.00
Cash and due from banks25,746
    
 27,955
    
Other assets, less allowance for loan and lease losses318,314
  
  
 316,909
  
  
Total assets$2,322,099
  
  
 $2,257,493
  
  
Interest-bearing liabilities 
  
  
  
  
  
U.S. interest-bearing deposits: 
  
  
  
  
  
Savings$54,800
 $4
 0.01% $53,679
 $4
 0.01%
NOW and money market deposit accounts667,851
 1,679
 0.34
 622,920
 512
 0.11
Consumer CDs and IRAs40,134
 109
 0.36
 45,535
 92
 0.27
Negotiable CDs, public funds and other deposits46,507
 629
 1.81
 35,968
 221
 0.82
Total U.S. interest-bearing deposits809,292
 2,421
 0.40
 758,102
 829
 0.15
Non-U.S. interest-bearing deposits: 
  
  
  
  
  
Banks located in non-U.S. countries2,309
 32
 1.88
 2,643
 16
 0.82
Governments and official institutions990
 
 0.01
 1,002
 7
 0.92
Time, savings and other65,264
 480
 0.98
 60,747
 400
 0.88
Total non-U.S. interest-bearing deposits68,563
 512
 1.00
 64,392
 423
 0.88
Total interest-bearing deposits877,855
 2,933
 0.45
 822,494
 1,252
 0.20
Federal funds purchased, securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase, short-term borrowings and other interest-bearing liabilities (1)
272,192
 4,123
 2.03
 275,731
 2,244
 1.09
Trading account liabilities52,815
 1,040
 2.63
 44,128
 890
 2.70
Long-term debt230,719
 5,709
 3.30
 224,287
 4,658
 2.77
Total interest-bearing liabilities (1,6)
1,433,581
 13,805
 1.29
 1,366,640
 9,044
 0.88
Noninterest-bearing sources: 
  
  
  
  
  
Noninterest-bearing deposits426,972
  
  
 439,288
  
  
Other liabilities (1)
196,444
  
  
 180,907
  
  
Shareholders’ equity265,102
  
  
 270,658
  
  
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$2,322,099
  
  
 $2,257,493
  
  
Net interest spread 
  
 2.05%  
  
 2.12%
Impact of noninterest-bearing sources 
  
 0.34
  
  
 0.24
Net interest income/yield on earning assets 
 $35,583
 2.39%  
 $33,879
 2.36%
(1)
Certain prior-period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.
(2)
Nonperforming loans are included in the respective average loan balances. Income on these nonperforming loans is generally recognized on a cost recovery basis. PCI loans were recorded at fair value upon acquisition and accrete interest income over the estimated life of the loan.
(3)
The nine months ended September 30, 2017 includes assets of the Corporation’s non-U.S. consumer credit card business, which was sold during the second quarter of 2017.
(4) 
Includes non-U.S. consumer loans of $2.9 billion in both the first quarter ofnine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
(5) 
Includes consumer financeU.S. commercial real estate loans of $0 and $454 million; consumer leases of $2.656.2 billion and $1.955.0 billion, and consumer overdraftsnon-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $167 million4.0 billion and $170 million3.4 billion infor the first quarter ofnine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
(6)
Includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $55.3 billion and $54.7 billion, and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $3.9 billion and $3.1 billion in the first quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively.
(7) 
Interest income includes the impact of interest rate risk management contracts, which decreased interest income on the underlying assets by $7113 million and $1748 million infor the first quarter ofnine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. Interest expense includes the impact of interest rate risk management contracts, which decreased interest expense on the underlying liabilities by $204103 million and $424 million1.1 billion infor the first quarter ofnine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. For moreadditional information, see Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book on page 4549.


  
Bank of America     810


Business Segment Operations
Segment Description and Basis of Presentation
We report our results of operations through the following four business segments: Consumer Banking, GWIM, Global Banking and Global Markets, with the remaining operations recorded in All Other. We periodically review capital allocated to our businesses and allocate capital annually during the strategic and capital planning processes. We utilize a methodology that considers the effect of regulatory capital requirements in addition to internal risk-based capital models. Our internal risk-based capital models use a risk-adjusted methodology incorporating each segment’s credit,
 
market, interest rate, business and operational risk components. For more information on the nature of these risks, see Managing Risk on page 17.22. The capital allocated to the business segments
is referred to as allocated capital. Allocated equity in the reporting units is comprised of allocated capital plus capital for the portion of goodwill and intangibles specifically assigned to the reporting unit. For more information, see Note 8 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
For more information on the basis of presentation for business segments and reconciliations to consolidated total revenue, net income and period-end total assets, see Note 17 – Business Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Consumer Banking
                
Deposits Consumer Lending Total Consumer Banking   Deposits Consumer Lending Total Consumer Banking  
Three Months Ended March 31   Three Months Ended September 30  
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)20182017 20182017 20182017 % Change
(Dollars in millions)20182017 20182017 20182017 % Change
Net interest income (FTE basis)Net interest income (FTE basis)$3,741
$3,063
 $2,769
$2,718
 $6,510
$5,781
 13 %Net interest income (FTE basis)$4,068
$3,440
 $2,795
$2,772
 $6,863
$6,212
 10 %
Noninterest income:Noninterest income:       Noninterest income:       
Card incomeCard income2
2
 1,277
1,222
 1,279
1,224
 4
Card income2
1
 1,279
1,242
 1,281
1,243
 3
Service chargesService charges1,044
1,050
 

 1,044
1,050
 (1)Service charges1,097
1,082
 1

 1,098
1,082
 1
All other incomeAll other income108
102
 91
127
 199
229
 (13)All other income100
97
 61
140
 161
237
 (32)
Total noninterest incomeTotal noninterest income1,154
1,154
 1,368
1,349
 2,522
2,503
 1
Total noninterest income1,199
1,180
 1,341
1,382
 2,540
2,562
 (1)
Total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)Total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)4,895
4,217
 4,137
4,067
 9,032
8,284
 9
Total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)5,267
4,620
 4,136
4,154
 9,403
8,774
 7
               
Provision for credit lossesProvision for credit losses41
55
 894
783
 935
838
 12
Provision for credit losses48
47
 822
920
 870
967
 (10)
Noninterest expenseNoninterest expense2,651
2,527
 1,829
1,883
 4,480
4,410
 2
Noninterest expense2,618
2,617
 1,737
1,844
 4,355
4,461
 (2)
Income before income taxes (FTE basis)Income before income taxes (FTE basis)2,203
1,635
 1,414
1,401
 3,617
3,036
 19
Income before income taxes (FTE basis)2,601
1,956
 1,577
1,390
 4,178
3,346
 25
Income tax expense (FTE basis)Income tax expense (FTE basis)561
616
 361
528
 922
1,144
 (19)Income tax expense (FTE basis)663
737
 402
523
 1,065
1,260
 (15)
Net incomeNet income$1,642
$1,019
 $1,053
$873
 $2,695
$1,892
 42
Net income$1,938
$1,219
 $1,175
$867
 $3,113
$2,086
 49
               
Effective tax rate (1)
    25.5%37.7%  
Effective tax rate (FTE basis) (1)
Effective tax rate (FTE basis) (1)
    25.5%37.7%  
               
Net interest yield (FTE basis)Net interest yield (FTE basis)2.25%1.96% 4.09%4.34% 3.73
3.50
  Net interest yield (FTE basis)2.35%2.08% 3.95%4.16% 3.78
3.56
  
Return on average allocated capitalReturn on average allocated capital55
34
 17
14
 30
21
  Return on average allocated capital64
40
 19
14
 33
22
  
Efficiency ratio (FTE basis)Efficiency ratio (FTE basis)54.15
59.94
 44.21
46.29
 49.60
53.24
  Efficiency ratio (FTE basis)49.70
56.65
 41.97
44.40
 46.30
50.85
  
                
Balance Sheet                
 Three Months Ended March 31   Three Months Ended September 30  
Average 20182017 20182017 20182017 % Change
 20182017 20182017 20182017 % Change
Total loans and leasesTotal loans and leases$5,170
$4,979
 $274,387
$252,966
 $279,557
$257,945
 8 %Total loans and leases$5,269
$5,079
 $279,725
$263,731
 $284,994
$268,810
 6%
Total earning assets (2)
Total earning assets (2)
673,641
634,704
 274,748
254,066
 707,754
668,865
 6
Total earning assets (2)
685,662
657,036
 280,637
264,665
 720,652
692,122
 4
Total assets (2)
Total assets (2)
701,418
661,769
 285,864
265,783
 746,647
707,647
 6
Total assets (2)
713,942
684,642
 291,370
276,014
 759,665
731,077
 4
Total depositsTotal deposits668,983
629,337
 5,368
6,257
 674,351
635,594
 6
Total deposits681,726
652,286
 5,804
6,688
 687,530
658,974
 4
Allocated capitalAllocated capital12,000
12,000
 25,000
25,000
 37,000
37,000
 
Allocated capital12,000
12,000
 25,000
25,000
 37,000
37,000
 
        
Period end March 31
2018
December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
December 31
2017
 % Change
Total loans and leases$5,111
$5,143
 $273,944
$275,330
 $279,055
$280,473
 (1)%
Total earning assets (2)
700,420
675,485
 274,977
275,742
 735,247
709,832
 4
Total assets (2)
728,063
703,330
 286,343
287,390
 774,256
749,325
 3
Total deposits695,514
670,802
 5,974
5,728
 701,488
676,530
 4
        
(1) 
Estimated at the segment level only.
(2) 
In segments and businesses where the total of liabilities and equity exceeds assets, we allocate assets from All Other to match the segments’ and businesses’ liabilities and allocated shareholders’ equity. As a result, total earning assets and total assets of the businesses may not equal total Consumer Banking.

11Bank of America






            
  Deposits Consumer Lending Total Consumer Banking  
 Nine Months Ended September 30  
(Dollars in millions)20182017 20182017 20182017 % Change
Net interest income (FTE basis)$11,728
$9,804
 $8,265
$8,149
 $19,993
$17,953
 11 %
Noninterest income:          
Card income6
6
 3,896
3,710
 3,902
3,716
 5
Service charges3,213
3,193
 1
1
 3,214
3,194
 1
All other income310
294
 227
410
 537
704
 (24)
Total noninterest income3,529
3,493
 4,124
4,121
 7,653
7,614
 1
Total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)15,257
13,297
 12,389
12,270
 27,646
25,567
 8
           
Provision for credit losses135
148
 2,614
2,491
 2,749
2,639
 4
Noninterest expense7,907
7,708
 5,324
5,578
 13,231
13,286
 
Income before income taxes (FTE basis)7,215
5,441
 4,451
4,201
 11,666
9,642
 21
Income tax expense (FTE basis)1,840
2,052
 1,135
1,584
 2,975
3,636
 (18)
Net income$5,375
$3,389
 $3,316
$2,617
 $8,691
$6,006
 45
           
Effective tax rate (FTE basis) (1)
      25.5%37.7%  
           
Net interest yield (FTE basis)2.30%2.02% 3.99%4.21% 3.73
3.52
  
Return on average allocated capital60
38
 18
14
 31
22
  
Efficiency ratio (FTE basis)51.83
57.97
 42.97
45.46
 47.86
51.96
  
            
Balance Sheet           
  Nine Months Ended September 30  
Average 20182017 20182017 20182017 % Change
Total loans and leases$5,211
$5,025
 $276,556
$257,779
 $281,767
$262,804
 7 %
Total earning assets (2)
681,922
647,887
 277,295
258,659
 716,475
682,436
 5
Total assets (2)
709,997
675,159
 288,224
270,196
 755,479
721,245
 5
Total deposits677,684
642,783
 5,595
6,421
 683,279
649,204
 5
Allocated capital12,000
12,000
 25,000
25,000
 37,000
37,000
 
            
Period end September 30
2018
December 31
2017
 September 30
2018
December 31
2017
 September 30
2018
December 31
2017
 % Change
Total loans and leases$5,276
$5,143
 $282,001
$275,330
 $287,277
$280,473
 2 %
Total earning assets (2)
690,968
675,485
 282,921
275,742
 726,494
709,832
 2
Total assets (2)
719,126
703,330
 293,766
287,390
 765,497
749,325
 2
Total deposits686,723
670,802
 6,047
5,728
 692,770
676,530
 2
See page 11 for footnotes.
Consumer Banking, which is comprised of Deposits and Consumer Lending, offers a diversified range of credit, banking and investment products and services to consumers and small businesses. Deposits and Consumer Lending include the net impact of migrating customers and their related deposit, brokerage asset and loan balances between Deposits, Consumer Lending and GWIM, as well as other client-managed business. For more information about Consumer Banking, including our Deposits and Consumer Lending businesses, see Business Segment Operations in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Consumer Banking Results
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
Net income for Consumer Banking increased $803 million$1.0 billion to $2.7$3.1 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 primarily driven by higher pretax income and lower income tax expense. The impact ofexpense from the reduction in the federal income tax rate was somewhat offset by the elimination of tax deductions for FDIC premiums under the Tax Act.rate. The increase in pretax income

9Bank of America






was driven by an increase in revenue partially offset by higher net interest income and lower noninterest expense and provision for credit losses and an increase in noninterest expense.losses. Net interest income increased $729$651 million to $6.5$6.9 billion primarily due to the beneficial impact of an increase in investable assets as a result of higher depositsinterest rates and higher interest rates,an increase in deposits, as well as pricing discipline and loan growth. Noninterest income increased $19 milliondecreased modestly to $2.5 billion drivenas lower mortgage banking income was largely offset by higher card income and service charges.
The provision for credit losses decreased $97 million to $870 million primarily due to a lower reserve build in the U.S. credit card portfolio. Noninterest expense decreased $106 million to $4.4 billion driven by operating efficiencies partially offset by investments in digital capabilities and business growth combined with investments in new financial centers and renovations.
The return on average allocated capital was 33 percent, up from 22 percent, driven by higher net income. For additional information on capital allocations, see Business Segment Operations on page 11.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Net income for Consumer Banking increased $2.7 billion to $8.7 billion primarily driven by the same factors as described in the three-month discussion. The increase in pretax income was driven by higher revenue and lower noninterest expense, partially offset by higher provision for credit losses. Net interest income increased $2.0 billion to $20.0 billion primarily due to the same factors as described in the three-month discussion. Noninterest income remained relatively unchanged at $7.7 billion as higher card income and service charges were largely offset by lower mortgage banking income.
The provision for credit losses increased $97$110 million to $935 million due to$2.7 billion driven by portfolio seasoning and loan growth in the U.S. credit card portfolio. Noninterest expense increased $70decreased $55 million to $4.5$13.2 billion driven by operating efficiencies and lower litigation

Bank of America12


expense. These decreases were largely offset by investments in digital capabilities and business growth, including increased primary sales professionals, combined with investments in new financial centers and renovations, as well as higher personnel expense. These increases were largely offset by improved operating efficiencies and lower litigation expense.renovations.
The return on average allocated capital was 3031 percent, up from 2122 percent, driven by higher net income. For additional information on capital allocations, see Business Segment Operations on page 9.
Deposits and Consumer Lending include the net impact of migrating customers and their related deposit, brokerage asset and loan balances between Deposits, Consumer Lending and GWIM, as well as other client-managed business. For more information on the migration of customer balances to or from GWIM, see GWIM – Net Migration Summary on page 12.11.
Deposits
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
Net income for Deposits increased $623$719 million to $1.6$1.9 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 driven by higher net interest incomerevenue and lower income taxes, partially offset by higher noninteresttax expense. Net interest income increased $678$628 million to $3.7$4.1 billion primarily due to the beneficial impact of an increase in investable assets as a result of higher deposits, and pricing discipline. Noninterest income ofincreased $19 million to $1.2 billion driven by higher service charges.
The provision for credit losses remained unchanged.relatively unchanged at $48 million. Noninterest expense remained relatively unchanged at $2.6 billion as investments in new financial centers, renovations and digital capabilities combined with higher personnel expense were offset by lower litigation expense.
Average deposits increased $29.4 billion to $681.7 billion driven by strong organic growth. Growth in checking and money market savings of $34.6 billion was partially offset by a decline in time deposits of $4.8 billion.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Net income for Deposits increased $2.0 billion to $5.4 billion driven by higher revenue and lower income tax expense, partially offset by higher noninterest expense. Net interest income increased $1.9 billion to $11.7 billion, and noninterest income increased $36 million to $3.5 billion. These increases were primarily driven by the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.
The provision for credit losses decreased $14$13 million to $41$135 million. Noninterest expense increased $124$199 million to $2.7$7.9 billion primarily driven by investments in digital capabilities and business growth, including increased primary sales professionals,professionals. These increases, combined with investments in new financial centers and renovations, as well as higher personnelwere partially offset by lower litigation expense.
Average deposits increased $39.6$34.9 billion to $669.0$677.7 billion primarily driven by strong organic growth. Growththe same factor as described in checking, money market savings and traditional savings of $44.0 billion was partially offset by a decline in time deposits of $4.6 billion.the three-month discussion.
          
Key Statistics Deposits
          
          
Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017
Total deposit spreads (excludes noninterest costs) (1)
2.00% 1.67%2.19% 1.88% 2.10% 1.82%
          
Period End   
Period end       
Client brokerage assets (in millions)$182,110
 $153,786
    $203,882
 $167,274
Active digital banking users (units in thousands) (2)
35,518
 33,702
    36,174
 34,472
Active mobile banking users (units in thousands)24,801
 22,217
    25,990
 23,572
Financial centers4,435
 4,559
    4,385
 4,515
ATMs16,011
 15,939
    16,089
 15,973
(1) 
Includes deposits held in Consumer Lending.
(2) 
Digital users represents mobile and/or online users across consumer businesses; historical information has been reclassified primarily due to the sale of the Corporation’s non-U.S. consumer credit card business in the second quarter of 2017.businesses.
Client brokerage assets increased $28.3$36.6 billion driven by strong client flows and market performance. Active mobile banking users increased 2.62.4 million reflecting continuing changes in our customers’ banking preferences. The number of financial centers declined by a net 124130 reflecting changes in customer preferences to self-service options as we continue to optimize our consumer banking network and improve our cost-to-serve.
Consumer Lending
We classifyThree Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
Net income for Consumer Lending increased $308 million to $1.2 billion driven by lower income tax expense, noninterest expense and provision for credit losses, partially offset by lower noninterest income. Net interest income increased $23 million to $2.8 billion primarily driven by higher interest rates and the impact of an increase in loan balances. Noninterest income decreased $41 million to $1.3 billion primarily driven by lower mortgage banking income, partially offset by higher card income.
The provision for credit losses decreased $98 million to $822 million primarily due to a lower reserve build in the U.S. credit card portfolio. Noninterest expense decreased $107 million to $1.7 billion primarily driven by operating efficiencies.
Average loans increased $16.0 billion to $279.7 billion driven by increases in residential mortgages and U.S credit card loans, partially offset by lower home equity and consumer real estatevehicle loan balances.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Net income for Consumer Lending increased $699 million to $3.3 billion driven by lower income tax expense and noninterest expense, and higher net interest income, partially offset by higher provision for credit losses. Net interest income increased $116 million to $8.3 billion driven by the same factors as described in the three-month discussion. Noninterest income remained relatively unchanged at $4.1 billion as higher card income was offset by lower mortgage banking income.
The provision for credit losses increased $123 million to $2.6 billion driven by portfolio seasoning and loan growth in the U.S. credit card portfolio. Noninterest expense decreased $254 million to $5.3 billion driven by the same factor as described in the three-month discussion.
Average loans as core or non-core based on loanincreased $18.8 billion to $276.6 billion driven by increases in residential mortgages and customer characteristics such as origination date, product type, loan-to-value (LTV), Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) score and delinquency status. For more information on the core and non-core portfolios, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management on page 25. U.S. credit card loans, partially offset by lower home equity balances.

13Bank of America






At March 31,September 30, 2018, total owned loans in the core portfolio held in Consumer Lending were $117.9$125.5 billion, an increase of $14.2$13.9 billion from March 31,September 30, 2017, primarily driven by higher residential mortgage balances, based on a decision to retain certain loans on the balance sheet, partially offset by a decline in home equity balances.
Net income for For more information on the core portfolio, see Consumer Lending increased $180 million to $1.1 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 driven by lower income taxes, higher revenue and lower noninterest expense, partially offset by higher provision for credit losses. Net interest income increased $51 million to $2.8 billion primarily driven by the impact of an increase in loan balances. Noninterest income increased $19 million to $1.4 billion driven by higher card income, partially offset by lower mortgage banking income.
The provision for credit losses increased $111 million to $894 million due to portfolio seasoning and loan growth in the U.S. credit card portfolio. Noninterest expense decreased $54 million to $1.8 billion primarily driven by lower litigation expense and improved operating efficiencies.
Average loans increased $21.4 billion to $274.4 billion driven by increases in residential mortgages, as well as U.S credit card and consumer vehicle loans, partially offset by lower home equity loan balances.Portfolio Credit Risk Management on page 28.
          
Key Statistics Consumer Lending
Key Statistics Consumer Lending
Key Statistics – Consumer Lending
    
Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017
Total U.S. credit card (1)
          
Gross interest yield9.93% 9.55%10.20% 9.76% 10.00% 9.62%
Risk-adjusted margin8.32
 8.89
8.15
 8.63
 8.18
 8.64
New accounts (in thousands)1,194
 1,184
1,116
 1,315
 3,496
 3,801
Purchase volumes$61,347
 $55,321
$66,490
 $62,244
 $194,658
 $179,230
Debit card purchase volumes$76,052
 $70,611
$79,920
 $74,769
 $236,669
 $220,729
(1) 
In addition to the U.S. credit card portfolio in Consumer Banking, the remaining U.S. credit card portfolio is in GWIM.
During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, the total U.S. credit card risk-adjusted margin decreased 5748 bps and 46 bps compared to the same periods in 2017, primarily driven by increased net charge-offs and higher credit card rewards costs.
Total
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, total U.S. credit card purchase volumes increased $6.0$4.2 billion to $61.3$66.5 billion, and $15.4 billion to $194.7 billion compared to the same periods in 2017, and debit card purchase volumes increased $5.4$5.2 billion to $76.1$79.9 billion, and $15.9 billion to $236.7 billion, reflecting higher levels of consumer spending.


Bank of America10


          
Key Statistics - Loan Production (1)
Key Statistics – Loan Production (1)
Key Statistics – Loan Production (1)
          
Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017
Total (2):
          
First mortgage$9,424
 $11,442
$10,682
 $13,183
 $31,778
 $37,876
Home equity3,749
 4,053
3,399
 4,133
 11,229
 12,871
Consumer Banking:          
First mortgage$5,964
 $7,629
$7,208
 $9,044
 $21,053
 $25,679
Home equity3,345
 3,667
3,053
 3,722
 10,042
 11,604
(1) 
The loan production amounts represent the unpaid principal balance of loans and, in the case of home equity, the principal amount of the total line of credit.
(2) 
In addition to loan production in Consumer Banking, there is also first mortgage and home equity loan production in GWIM.
First mortgage loan originations in Consumer Banking and for the total Corporation decreased $1.7$1.8 billion and $2.0$2.5 billion in the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 primarily driven by thea higher interest rate environment driving lower first-lien mortgage refinances. First mortgage loan originations in Consumer Banking and for the total Corporation decreased $4.6 billion and $6.1 billion in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily driven by the same factor as described in the three-month discussion.
Home equity production in Consumer Banking and for the total Corporation decreased $322$669 million and $304$734 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 driven by a smaller market.lower demand. Home equity production in Consumer Banking and for the total Corporation each decreased $1.6 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily driven by the same factor as described in the three-month discussion.


Bank of America14


Global Wealth & Investment Management
                  
 Three Months Ended March 31   Three Months Ended September 30   Nine Months Ended September 30  
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 % Change
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 % Change 2018 2017 % Change
Net interest income (FTE basis)Net interest income (FTE basis)$1,594
 $1,560
 2%Net interest income (FTE basis)$1,536
 $1,496
 3% $4,673
 $4,653
  %
Noninterest income:Noninterest income:     Noninterest income:           
Investment and brokerage servicesInvestment and brokerage services3,040
 2,791
 9
Investment and brokerage services3,004
 2,854
 5
 8,981
 8,474
 6
All other incomeAll other income222
 241
 (8)All other income243
 270
 (10) 694
 780
 (11)
Total noninterest incomeTotal noninterest income3,262
 3,032
 8
Total noninterest income3,247
 3,124
 4
 9,675
 9,254
 5
Total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)Total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)4,856
 4,592
 6
Total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)4,783
 4,620
 4
 14,348
 13,907
 3
                 
Provision for credit lossesProvision for credit losses38
 23
 65
Provision for credit losses13
 16
 (19) 63
 50
 26
Noninterest expenseNoninterest expense3,428
 3,329
 3
Noninterest expense3,414
 3,369
 1
 10,235
 10,085
 1
Income before income taxes (FTE basis)Income before income taxes (FTE basis)1,390
 1,240
 12
Income before income taxes (FTE basis)1,356

1,235
 10
 4,050
 3,772
 7
Income tax expense (FTE basis)Income tax expense (FTE basis)355
 467
 (24)Income tax expense (FTE basis)346
 465
 (26) 1,033
 1,422
 (27)
Net incomeNet income$1,035
 $773
 34
Net income$1,010
 $770
 31
 $3,017
 $2,350
 28
                 
Effective tax rate25.5% 37.7%  
Effective tax rate (FTE basis)Effective tax rate (FTE basis)25.5% 37.7%   25.5% 37.7%  
                 
Net interest yield (FTE basis)Net interest yield (FTE basis)2.46
 2.28
  Net interest yield (FTE basis)2.38
 2.29
   2.42
 2.32
  
Return on average allocated capitalReturn on average allocated capital29
 22
  Return on average allocated capital28
 22
   28
 23
  
Efficiency ratio (FTE basis)Efficiency ratio (FTE basis)70.60
 72.51
  Efficiency ratio (FTE basis)71.40
 72.91
   71.34
 72.52
  
                 
Balance Sheet                  
Three Months Ended March 31   Three Months Ended September 30   Nine Months Ended September 30  
AverageAverage2018 2017 % Change
Average2018 2017 % Change 2018 2017 % Change
Total loans and leasesTotal loans and leases$159,095
 $148,405
 7 %Total loans and leases$161,869
 $154,333
 5% $160,609
 $151,205
 6 %
Total earning assetsTotal earning assets262,775
 277,989
 (5)Total earning assets256,285
 259,564
 (1) 258,044
 267,732
 (4)
Total assetsTotal assets279,716
 293,432
 (5)Total assets273,581
 275,570
 (1) 275,182
 283,324
 (3)
Total depositsTotal deposits243,077
 257,386
 (6)Total deposits238,291
 239,647
 (1) 239,176
 247,389
 (3)
Allocated capitalAllocated capital14,500
 14,000
 4
Allocated capital14,500
 14,000
 4
 14,500
 14,000
 4
                 
Period endPeriod endMarch 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 % Change
Period end      September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 % Change
Total loans and leasesTotal loans and leases$159,636
 $159,378
  %Total loans and leases      $162,191
 $159,378
 2 %
Total earning assetsTotal earning assets262,430
 267,026
 (2)Total earning assets      258,561
 267,026
 (3)
Total assetsTotal assets279,331
 284,321
 (2)Total assets      276,146
 284,321
 (3)
Total depositsTotal deposits241,531
 246,994
 (2)Total deposits      239,654
 246,994
 (3)
GWIM consists of two primary businesses: Merrill Lynch Global Wealth Management (MLGWM) and U.S. Trust, Bank of America Private Wealth Management (U.S. Trust). For more information about GWIM, see Business Segment Operations in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
Net income for GWIM increased $262240 million to $1.0 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2018 comparedprimarily due to the same period in 2017 reflecting higher pretax income,revenue and lower income tax expense. The impact ofexpense from the reduction in the federal income tax rate, was somewhat offset by the elimination of tax deductions for FDIC premiums under the Tax Act. Pretax results were driven by higher revenue, partially offset by an increase in noninterest expense. The operating margin was 2928 percent compared to 27 percent a year ago.
Net interest income increased $34$40 million to $1.6$1.5 billion primarily due to higher interest ratesdeposit spreads and higheraverage loan balances. balances, partially offset by lower loan spreads.
Noninterest income, which primarily includes investment and brokerage services income, increased $230$123 million to $3.3$3.2 billion. The increase in noninterest income was driven by the impact of AUM flows and higher market valuations, and AUM flows, partially offset by the impact of changing market dynamics on transactional revenue and AUM pricing. Noninterest expense increased $99 million toof $3.4 billion primarily due toincreased modestly, as higher revenue-related incentive costs.expense and investment in sales professionals were largely offset by continued expense discipline.
Return on average allocated capital was 2928 percent, up from 22 percent, a year ago, primarily due to higher net income, somewhat offset by an increase in allocated capital.

MLGWM revenue of $3.9 billion increased three percent reflecting higher asset management fees driven by higher net
flows and market valuations and an increase in net interest income, partially offset by lower AUM pricing and transactional revenue. U.S. Trust revenue of $859 million increased five percent reflecting higher asset management fees driven by increased net flows and market valuations, and higher net interest income.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Net income for GWIM increased $667 million to $3.0 billion due to higher revenue and lower income tax expense, partially offset by an increase in noninterest expense. The decrease in tax expense was driven by the reduction in the federal tax rate. The operating margin was 28 percent compared to 27 percent a year ago.
Net interest income increased $20 million to $4.7 billion due to the same factors as described in the three-month discussion. Noninterest income, which primarily includes investment and brokerage services income, increased $421 million to $9.7 billion due to the same factors as described in the three-month discussion. Noninterest expense increased $150 million to $10.2 billion primarily due to higher revenue-related incentive expense and investment in sales professionals, partially offset by expense discipline.
The return on average allocated capital was 28 percent, up from 23 percent, as higher net income was partially offset by an increased capital allocation. For more information on capital allocated to the business segments, see Business Segment Operations on page 11.

1115     Bank of America

  





During the three months ended March 31, 2018, revenueRevenue from MLGWM of $4.0$11.8 billion increased sixthree percent compared to the same period in 2017 due to higher net interest income and asset management fees driven by higher AUM flows and market valuations, and AUM
flows, partially offset by lower AUM pricing, transactional revenue and AUM pricing.net interest income. U.S. Trust revenue of $860 million$2.6 billion increased sixfive percent reflecting higher net interest income and asset management fees primarily due to higher market valuations and AUM flows.
the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.
           
Key Indicators and Metrics           
           
Three Months Ended March 31 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions, except as noted)2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
Revenue by Business           
Merrill Lynch Global Wealth Management$3,996
 $3,782
 $3,924
 $3,796
 $11,780
 $11,452
U.S. Trust860
 809
 859
 822
 2,567
 2,450
Other
 1
 
 2
 1
 5
Total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)$4,856
 $4,592
 $4,783

$4,620

$14,348

$13,907
           
Client Balances by Business, at period end           
Merrill Lynch Global Wealth Management$2,284,803
 $2,167,536
     $2,385,479
 $2,245,499
U.S. Trust440,683
 417,841
     455,894
 430,684
Total client balances$2,725,486
 $2,585,377
     $2,841,373
 $2,676,183
           
Client Balances by Type, at period end           
Assets under management$1,084,717
 $946,778
     $1,144,375
 $1,036,048
Brokerage and other assets1,236,799
 1,232,195
     1,292,219
 1,243,858
Deposits241,531
 254,595
     239,654
 237,771
Loans and leases (1)
162,439
 151,809
     165,125
 158,506
Total client balances$2,725,486
 $2,585,377
     $2,841,373
 $2,676,183
           
Assets Under Management Rollforward           
Assets under management, beginning of period$1,080,747
 $886,148
 $1,101,001
 $990,709
 $1,080,747
 $886,148
Net client flows24,240
 29,214
 7,572
 20,749
 42,587
 77,479
Market valuation/other
(20,270) 31,416
 35,802
 24,590
 21,041
 72,421
Total assets under management, end of period$1,084,717
 $946,778
 $1,144,375

$1,036,048

$1,144,375

$1,036,048
           
Associates, at period end (2)
           
Number of financial advisors17,367
 16,678
     17,456
 17,221
Total wealth advisors, including financial advisors19,276
 18,538
     19,344
 19,108
Total primary sales professionals, including financial advisors and wealth advisors20,398
 19,536
     20,437
 20,089
           
Merrill Lynch Global Wealth Management Metric           
Financial advisor productivity (3) (in thousands)
$1,038
 $993
 $1,035
 $994
 $1,030
 $1,009
           
U.S. Trust Metric, at period end           
Primary sales professionals1,737
 1,657
     1,711
 1,696
(1) 
Includes margin receivables which are classified in customer and other receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
(2)
Includes financial advisors in the Consumer Banking segment of 2,5382,618 and 2,1212,267 at March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017.
(3)
Financial advisor productivity is defined as annualized MLGWM total revenue, excluding the allocation of certain asset and liability management (ALM) activities, divided by the total average number of financial advisors (excluding financial advisors in the Consumer Banking segment).
Client Balances
Client balances increased $140.1$165.2 billion, or fivesix percent, to $2.7$2.8 trillion at March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to March 31,September 30, 2017. The increase in client balances was due to higher market valuations and positive net flows.
Net Migration Summary
GWIM results are impacted by the Positive net migration of clients and their corresponding deposit, loan and brokerage balances primarily to or from Consumer Banking, as presentedclient flows in the following table. Migrations of client balances primarily resultAUM decreased from the periodic
movement of clients and/or accounts between business segments based on changes in the nature of client relationships.
    
Net Migration Summary   
    
 Three Months Ended March 31
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017
Total deposits, net – to (from) GWIM
$1,135
 $(97)
Total loans, net – from GWIM
(3) (126)
Total brokerage, net – to (from) GWIM
(48) 94
same period a year ago primarily due to a smaller shift from brokerage assets to AUM.


  
Bank of America     1216


Global Banking
            
       Three Months Ended September 30   Nine Months Ended September 30  
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)Three Months Ended March 31  (Dollars in millions)2018 2017 % Change 2018 2017 % Change
2018 2017 % Change
Net interest income (FTE basis)Net interest income (FTE basis)$2,640
 $2,602
 1 %Net interest income (FTE basis)$2,706
 $2,642
 2% $8,057
 $7,786
 3 %
Noninterest income:Noninterest income:     Noninterest income:           
Service chargesService charges763
 765
 
Service charges754
 776
 (3) 2,285
 2,351
 (3)
Investment banking feesInvestment banking fees744
 925
 (20)Investment banking fees643
 806
 (20) 2,130
 2,661
 (20)
All other incomeAll other income787
 663
 19
All other income635
 763
 (17) 2,122
 2,182
 (3)
Total noninterest incomeTotal noninterest income2,294
 2,353
 (3)Total noninterest income2,032
 2,345
 (13) 6,537
 7,194
 (9)
Total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)Total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)4,934
 4,955
 
Total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)4,738
 4,987
 (5) 14,594
 14,980
 (3)
                 
Provision for credit lossesProvision for credit losses16
 17
 (6)Provision for credit losses(70) 48
 n/m
 (77) 80
 n/m
Noninterest expenseNoninterest expense2,195
 2,163
 1
Noninterest expense2,120
 2,119
 
 6,471
 6,435
 1
Income before income taxes (FTE basis)Income before income taxes (FTE basis)2,723
 2,775
 (2)Income before income taxes (FTE basis)2,688
 2,820
 (5) 8,200
 8,465
 (3)
Income tax expense (FTE basis)Income tax expense (FTE basis)707
 1,046
 (32)Income tax expense (FTE basis)699
 1,062
 (34) 2,132
 3,192
 (33)
Net incomeNet income$2,016
 $1,729
 17
Net income$1,989
 $1,758
 13
 $6,068
 $5,273
 15
                 
Effective tax rate26.0% 37.7%  
Effective tax rate (FTE basis)Effective tax rate (FTE basis)26.0% 37.7%   26.0% 37.7%  
                 
Net interest yield (FTE basis)Net interest yield (FTE basis)2.96
 2.93
  Net interest yield (FTE basis)2.96
 2.94
   2.97
 2.91
  
Return on average allocated capitalReturn on average allocated capital20
 18
  Return on average allocated capital19
 17
   20
 18
  
Efficiency ratio (FTE basis)Efficiency ratio (FTE basis)44.47
 43.66
  Efficiency ratio (FTE basis)44.79
 42.52
   44.34
 42.97
  
                 
Balance Sheet                  
Three Months Ended March 31   Three Months Ended September 30   Nine Months Ended September 30  
AverageAverage2018 2017 % ChangeAverage2018 2017 % Change 2018 2017 % Change
Total loans and leasesTotal loans and leases$351,689
 $342,857
 3 %Total loans and leases$352,712
 $346,093
 2% $353,167
 $344,683
 2 %
Total earning assetsTotal earning assets361,822
 359,605
 1
Total earning assets362,316
 357,014
 1
 362,910
 357,999
 1
Total assetsTotal assets420,594
 415,908
 1
Total assets422,255
 414,755
 2
 422,041
 414,867
 2
Total depositsTotal deposits324,405
 305,197
 6
Total deposits337,685
 315,692
 7
 328,484
 307,163
 7
Allocated capitalAllocated capital41,000
 40,000
 3
Allocated capital41,000
 40,000
 3
 41,000
 40,000
 3
                 
Period endPeriod endMarch 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 % ChangePeriod end      September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 % Change
Total loans and leasesTotal loans and leases$355,165
 $350,668
 1 %Total loans and leases      $352,332
 $350,668
  %
Total earning assetsTotal earning assets365,895
 365,560
 
Total earning assets      369,555
 365,560
 1
Total assetsTotal assets424,134
 424,533
 
Total assets      430,846
 424,533
 1
Total depositsTotal deposits331,238
 329,273
 1
Total deposits      350,748
 329,273
 7
n/m = not meaningful
Global Banking, which includes Global Corporate Banking, Global Commercial Banking, Business Banking and Global Investment Banking, provides a wide range of lending-related products and services, integrated working capital management and treasury solutions, and underwriting and advisory services through our network of offices and client relationship teams. For more information about Global Banking, see Business Segment Operations in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
Net income for Global Banking increased $287$231 million to $2.0 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 primarily driven by lower income tax expense partially offset by modestly lower pretax income as discussed below. The impact offrom the reduction in the federal income tax rate, was somewhatpartially offset by an increase in U.S. taxes related to our non-U.S. operations and the elimination of tax deductions for FDIC premiums under the Tax Act.lower pretax income discussed below.
Pretax results were driven by higherlower revenue and lower provision for credit losses with noninterest expense and lower revenue.remaining flat. Revenue decreased $21$249 million to $4.9$4.7 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 driven by lower noninterest
income, partially offset by higher net interest income. Net interest income increased $38$64 million to $2.6$2.7 billion primarily due to the impact of higher interest rates, on increased deposits, and loanas well as deposit growth. Noninterest income decreased $59$313 million to $2.3$2.0 billion primarily due to lower investment banking fees and the impact of tax reform on certain tax-advantaged investments, partially offset by higher leasing-related revenues. The provision for credit losses improved $118 million to a benefit of $70 million, driven by continued improvements in the energy sector and broader loan quality.
Noninterest expense was unchanged at $2.1 billion as slightly lower personnel expense was offset by higher operating expense.
The return on average allocated capital was 19 percent, up from 17 percent, as higher net income was partially offset by an increased capital allocation. For more information on capital allocated to the business segments, see Business Segment Operations on page 11.


17Bank of America






Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Net income for Global Banking increased $795 million to $6.1 billion primarily driven by lower income tax expense from the reduction in the federal income tax rate, partially offset by lower pretax income.
Pretax results were driven by lower revenue, slightly higher noninterest expense and lower provision for credit losses. Revenue decreased $386 million to $14.6 billion driven by lower noninterest income, partially offset by higher net interest income. Net interest income increased $271 million to $8.1 billion primarily due to the impact of higher interest rates on increased deposits. Noninterest income decreased $657 million to $6.5 billion primarily due to lower investment banking fees and the impact of tax reform on certain tax-advantaged investments, partially offset by higher leasing-related revenues. The provision for credit losses improved
$157 million to a benefit of $77 million, primarily driven by continued improvements in the energy sector and broader loan quality.
Noninterest expense increased $32$36 million to $2.2$6.5 billion primarily due to higher personnel and operating expense.
The return on average allocated capital was 20 percent, up from 18 percent, as higher net income was partially offset by an increased capital allocation. For more information on capital allocated to the business segments, see Business Segment Operations on page 9.

13Bank of America






11.
Global Corporate, Global Commercial and Business Banking
The table below and following discussion present a summary of the results, which exclude certain investment banking activities in Global Banking.
                                
Global Corporate, Global Commercial and Business BankingGlobal Corporate, Global Commercial and Business Banking            Global Corporate, Global Commercial and Business Banking          
                             
 Global Corporate Banking Global Commercial Banking Business Banking Total Global Corporate Banking Global Commercial Banking Business Banking Total
 Three Months Ended March 31 Three Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
Revenue               
Revenue (FTE basis)
Revenue (FTE basis)
               
Business LendingBusiness Lending$960
 $1,127
 $1,025
 $1,090
 $99
 $101
 $2,084
 $2,318
Global Transaction ServicesGlobal Transaction Services914
 840
 814
 758
 244
 217
 1,972
 1,815
Total revenue, net of interest expenseTotal revenue, net of interest expense$1,874
 $1,967
 $1,839
 $1,848
 $343
 $318
 $4,056
 $4,133
              
Balance Sheet                
AverageAverage               
Total loans and leasesTotal loans and leases$162,249
 $159,417
 $174,315
 $168,945
 $16,127
 $17,659
 $352,691
 $346,021
Total depositsTotal deposits165,522
 149,564
 134,486
 129,440
 37,703
 36,687
 337,711
 315,691
               
 Global Corporate Banking Global Commercial Banking Business Banking Total
 Nine Months Ended September 30
2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
Revenue (FTE basis)
Revenue (FTE basis)
               
Business LendingBusiness Lending$1,050
 $1,102
 $975
 $1,044
 $99
 $101
 $2,124
 $2,247
Business Lending$3,103
 $3,322
 $2,974
 $3,186
 $297
 $301
 $6,374
 $6,809
Global Transaction ServicesGlobal Transaction Services882
 797
 816
 707
 232
 197
 1,930
 1,701
Global Transaction Services2,708
 2,470
 2,441
 2,217
 713
 625
 5,862
 5,312
Total revenue, net of interest expenseTotal revenue, net of interest expense$1,932
 $1,899
 $1,791
 $1,751
 $331
 $298
 $4,054
 $3,948
Total revenue, net of interest expense$5,811
 $5,792
 $5,415
 $5,403
 $1,010
 $926
 $12,236
 $12,121
                              
Balance Sheet                                
                                
AverageAverage               Average               
Total loans and leasesTotal loans and leases$162,073
 $155,358
 $172,360
 $169,728
 $17,259
 $17,785
 $351,692
 $342,871
Total loans and leases$162,652
 $157,144
 $173,788
 $169,751
 $16,720
 $17,762
 $353,160
 $344,657
Total depositsTotal deposits155,644
 146,437
 132,357
 122,904
 36,410
 35,861
 324,411
 305,202
Total deposits159,500
 146,627
 132,115
 124,446
 36,889
 36,092
 328,504
 307,165
                               
Period endPeriod end               Period end               
Total loans and leasesTotal loans and leases$163,563
 $155,801
 $174,580
 $170,897
 $17,008
 $17,775
 $355,151
 $344,473
Total loans and leases$162,004
 $161,441
 $174,452
 $170,825
 $15,880
 $17,579
 $352,336
 $349,845
Total depositsTotal deposits165,040
 143,080
 129,895
 118,435
 36,326
 35,653
 331,261
 297,168
Total deposits174,709
 147,893
 138,425
 135,249
 37,640
 36,402
 350,774
 319,544
Business Lending revenue decreased $123$234 million and$435 million for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to the same periodperiods in 20172017. The decreases for both periods were primarily driven by the impact of tax reform on certain tax-advantaged investments partially offset by higherand lower leasing-related revenues.
Global Transaction Services revenue increased $229$157 million and $550 million for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 driven by the impact of higher interestshort-term rates and an increase in theincreased deposit base.balances.
Average loans and leases increased threetwo percent for both the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to the same periodperiods in 2017 driven by growth in the commercial and industrial, loans.and commercial real estate portfolios. Average deposits increased sixseven percent for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase for both periods was due to growth with newin international and existing clients.domestic interest-bearing balances.
Global Investment Banking
Client teams and product specialists underwrite and distribute debt, equity and loan products, and provide advisory services and tailored risk management solutions. The economics of certain investment banking and underwriting activities are shared primarily between Global Banking and Global Markets under an internal revenue-sharing arrangement. Global Banking originates certain deal-related transactions with our corporate and commercial clients that are executed and distributed by Global Markets. To provide a complete discussion of our consolidated investment
banking fees, the following table presents total Corporation investment banking fees and the portion attributable to Global Banking.
        
Investment Banking Fees      
  
 Global Banking Total Corporation
 Three Months Ended March 31
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017
Products       
Advisory$276
 $390
 $296
 $405
Debt issuance356
 412
 827
 926
Equity issuance112
 123
 314
 312
Gross investment banking fees744
 925
 1,437
 1,643
Self-led deals(34) (23) (84) (59)
Total investment banking fees$710
 $902
 $1,353
 $1,584
Total Corporation investment banking fees, excluding self-led deals, of $1.4 billion, which are primarily included within Global Banking and Global Markets, decreased 15 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 due to a decrease in market fee pools.



  
Bank of America     1418


                
Investment Banking Fees      
      
 Global Banking Total Corporation Global Banking Total Corporation
 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
Products               
Advisory$237
 $321
 $262
 $374
 $782
 $1,177
 $861
 $1,262
Debt issuance295
 397
 684
 962
 1,018
 1,170
 2,385
 2,789
Equity issuance111
 88
 307
 193
 330
 314
 911
 736
Gross investment banking fees643
 806
 1,253
 1,529
 2,130
 2,661
 4,157
 4,787
Self-led deals(14) (18) (49) (52) (63) (89) (178) (194)
Total investment banking fees$629
 $788
 $1,204
 $1,477
 $2,067
 $2,572
 $3,979
 $4,593
Total Corporation investment banking fees, excluding self-led deals, of $1.2 billion and $4.0 billion, which are primarily included within Global Banking and Global Markets, decreased18 percent and 13 percent for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same periods in 2017 primarily due to declines in leveraged finance and advisory fees, partially offset by an increase in equity underwriting fees.

Global Markets
                  
 Three Months Ended March 31   Three Months Ended September 30   Nine Months Ended September 30  
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 % Change(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 % Change 2018 2017 % Change
Net interest income (FTE basis)Net interest income (FTE basis)$870
 $1,049
 (17)%Net interest income (FTE basis)$754
 $899
 (16)% $2,425
 $2,812
 (14)%
Noninterest income:Noninterest income:     Noninterest income:    

     

Investment and brokerage servicesInvestment and brokerage services488
 531
 (8)Investment and brokerage services388
 496
 (22) 1,306
 1,548
 (16)
Investment banking feesInvestment banking fees609
 666
 (9)Investment banking fees523
 624
 (16) 1,783
 1,879
 (5)
Trading account profitsTrading account profits2,703
 2,177
 24
Trading account profits1,727
 1,714
 1
 6,614
 5,634
 17
All other incomeAll other income116
 285
 (59)All other income451
 168
 n/m
 722
 682
 6
Total noninterest incomeTotal noninterest income3,916
 3,659
 7
Total noninterest income3,089
 3,002
 3
 10,425
 9,743
 7
Total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)Total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)4,786
 4,708
 2
Total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)3,843
 3,901
 (1) 12,850
 12,555
 2
          

     

Provision for credit lossesProvision for credit losses(3) (17) (82)Provision for credit losses(2) (6) (67) (6) 2
 n/m
Noninterest expenseNoninterest expense2,818
 2,757
 2
Noninterest expense2,612
 2,711
 (4) 8,145
 8,117
 
Income before income taxes (FTE basis)Income before income taxes (FTE basis)1,971
 1,968
 
Income before income taxes (FTE basis)1,233
 1,196
 3
 4,711
 4,436
 6
Income tax expense (FTE basis)Income tax expense (FTE basis)513
 671
 (24)Income tax expense (FTE basis)321
 440
 (27) 1,225
 1,553
 (21)
Net incomeNet income$1,458
 $1,297
 12
Net income$912
 $756
 21
 $3,486
 $2,883
 21
                 
Effective tax rate26.0% 34.1%  
Effective tax rate (FTE basis)Effective tax rate (FTE basis)26.0% 36.8%   26.0% 35.0%  
                 
Return on average allocated capitalReturn on average allocated capital17
 15
  Return on average allocated capital10
 9
   13
 11
  
Efficiency ratio (FTE basis)Efficiency ratio (FTE basis)58.87
 58.56
  Efficiency ratio (FTE basis)67.99
 69.48
   63.39
 64.64
  
                 
Balance Sheet                  
Three Months Ended March 31   Three Months Ended September 30   Nine Months Ended September 30  
AverageAverage2018 2017 % ChangeAverage2018 2017 % Change 2018 2017 % Change
Trading-related assets:Trading-related assets:     Trading-related assets:           
Trading account securitiesTrading account securities$210,278
 $203,866
 3 %Trading account securities$215,397
 $216,988
 (1)% $211,668
 $214,190
 (1)%
Reverse repurchasesReverse repurchases123,948
 96,835
 28
Reverse repurchases124,842
 101,556
 23
 127,019
 99,998
 27
Securities borrowedSecurities borrowed82,376
 81,312
 1
Securities borrowed74,648
 81,950
 (9) 80,073
 83,770
 (4)
Derivative assetsDerivative assets46,567
 40,346
 15
Derivative assets45,392
 41,789
 9
 46,754
 41,184
 14
Total trading-related assetsTotal trading-related assets463,169
 422,359
 10
Total trading-related assets460,279
 442,283
 4
 465,514
 439,142
 6
Total loans and leasesTotal loans and leases73,763
 70,064
 5
Total loans and leases71,231
 72,347
 (2) 73,340
 70,692
 4
Total earning assetsTotal earning assets486,107
 429,906
 13
Total earning assets459,073
 446,754
 3
 478,455
 444,478
 8
Total assetsTotal assets678,368
 607,010
 12
Total assets652,481
 642,428
 2
 669,688
 631,684
 6
Total depositsTotal deposits32,320
 33,158
 (3)Total deposits30,721
 32,125
 (4) 31,253
 32,397
 (4)
Allocated capitalAllocated capital35,000
 35,000
 
Allocated capital35,000
 35,000
 
 35,000
 35,000
 
                 
Period endPeriod endMarch 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 % ChangePeriod end  September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 % Change
Total trading-related assetsTotal trading-related assets$450,512
 $419,375
 7 %Total trading-related assets  $456,643
 $419,375
 9 %
Total loans and leasesTotal loans and leases75,638
 76,778
 (1)Total loans and leases  73,023
 76,778
 (5)
Total earning assetsTotal earning assets478,857
 449,314
 7
Total earning assets  447,304
 449,314
 
Total assetsTotal assets648,605
 629,007
 3
Total assets  646,359
 629,013
 3
Total depositsTotal deposits32,301
 34,029
 (5)Total deposits  41,102
 34,029
 21
n/m = not meaningful

19Bank of America






Global Markets offers sales and trading services and research services to institutional clients across fixed-income, credit, currency, commodity and equity businesses. Global Markets product coverage includes securities and derivative products in both the primary and secondary markets. For more information about Global Markets, see Business Segment Operations in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
Net income for Global Markets increased $161$156 million to $1.5 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2018$912 million. Net DVA losses were $99 million compared to the same period in 2017losses of $21 million. Excluding net DVA, net income increased $218 million to $987 million. These increases were primarily driven by lower noninterest expense and a decrease in income tax expense. The impact ofexpense from the reduction in the federal income tax rate was somewhat offset by an increase in U.S. taxes related to our non-U.S. operations under the Tax Act. Pretax results, which remained relatively unchanged, reflected higher revenue, largely offset by higher noninterest expense. Net DVA gains were $64 million compared to losses of $130 million during the same period in 2017. Excluding net DVA,rate.
net income increased $31 million to $1.4 billion primarily driven by the impact of the Tax Act.
Sales and trading revenue, excluding net DVA, increased $24decreased $79 million primarily due to higher Equities revenue partially offset by lower Fixed-income,fixed-income, currencies and commodities (FICC) revenue. Noninterest expense increased $61decreased $99 million to $2.8$2.6 billion primarily due to continued investments in technology.driven by lower operating costs.
Average assets increased $71.4$10.1 billion to $678.4$652.5 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2018 primarily driven by growth in client financing activities in the Equities business and increased levels of inventory across the FICC business to facilitate client demand. Total assets increased $19.6 billion in the three months ended March 31, 2018 to $648.6 billion due to increased levels of inventory across the FICC business to facilitate client demand.
The return on average allocated capital was 1710 percent, up from 15nine percent, reflecting higher net income.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Net income for Global Markets increased $603 million to $3.5 billion. Net DVA losses were $214 million compared to losses of


15Bank of America

$310 million. Excluding net DVA, net income increased $574 million to $3.6 billion. These increases were primarily driven by higher revenue and lower income tax expense from the reduction in the federal income tax rate.

Sales and trading revenue, excluding net DVA, increased $172 million due to higher Equities revenue, partially offset by lower FICC revenue. Noninterest expense increased $28 million to $8.1 billion primarily due to continued investments in technology, partially offset by lower operating costs.

Average assets increased $38.0 billion to $669.7 billion primarily driven by increased levels of inventory in FICC to facilitate client demand and growth in Equities client financing activities. Total period-end assets increased $17.3 billion from December 31, 2017 to $646.4 billion at September 30, 2018 due to growth in Equities client financing activities.

The return on average allocated capital was 13 percent, up from 11 percent, reflecting higher net income.


Sales and Trading Revenue
Revenue fromFor a description of sales and trading services includes unrealized and realized gains and lossesrevenue, see Business Segment Operations in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on trading and other assets, net interest income, and fees primarily from commissions on equity securities. Revenue from research services is also included in sales and trading revenue.Form 10-K. The following table and related discussion present sales and trading revenue, substantially all of which is in Global
Markets, with the remainder in Global Banking. In addition, the following table and related discussion present sales and trading revenue, excluding the impact of net DVA, which is a non-GAAP financial measure. We believe the use of this non-GAAP financial measure provides additional usefulFor more information to assess the underlying performance of these businesses and to allow better comparison of period-over-period operating performance.on net DVA, see Supplemental Financial Data on page 6.
          
Sales and Trading Revenue (1, 2)
Sales and Trading Revenue (1, 2)
Sales and Trading Revenue (1, 2)
      
Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017
Sales and trading revenue          
Fixed-income, currencies and commodities$2,614
 $2,810
$1,982
 $2,152
 $6,702
 $7,068
Equities1,503
 1,089
990
 977
 3,804
 3,170
Total sales and trading revenue$4,117
 $3,899
$2,972
 $3,129
 $10,506
 $10,238
          
Sales and trading revenue, excluding net DVA (3)
          
Fixed-income, currencies and commodities$2,536
 $2,930
$2,062
 $2,166
 $6,888
 $7,350
Equities1,517
 1,099
1,009
 984
 3,832
 3,198
Total sales and trading revenue, excluding net DVA$4,053
 $4,029
$3,071
 $3,150
 $10,720
 $10,548
(1) 
Includes FTE adjustments of $6753 million and $49199 million for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $61 millionand$162 million for the same periods in 2017. For more information on sales and trading revenue, see Note 3 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(2) 
Includes Global Banking sales and trading revenue of $16666 million and $58307 million for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $61 millionand$175 million for the same periods in 2017.
(3) 
FICC and Equities sales and trading revenue, excluding net DVA, is a non-GAAP financial measure. FICC net DVA gains were $78 million and losses were $12080 million and $186 million for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to losses of $14 millionand$282 million for the same periods in 2017. Equities net DVA losses were $1419 million and $1028 million for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to losses of $7 millionand$28 million for the same periods in 2017.
The following explanations for period-over-period changes insales and trading, FICC and Equities revenue exclude net DVA, but would be the same whether net DVA was included or excluded.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
FICC revenue excluding net DVA, decreased $394$104 million primarily due to lower client activity in the three months ended March 31,rates products and a weaker environment for municipal bonds. Equities revenue increased $25 million due to increased client activity in financing.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 comparedCompared to the same period inNine Months Ended September 30, 2017
FICC revenue decreased $462 million primarily due to lower activity and a less favorable market in credit-related products compared to the same period in 2017.products. The decline in FICC revenue
was also impacted by higher funding costs, which were driven by increases in market interest rates. Equities revenue excluding net DVA, increased $418$634 million in the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, driven by increased client activity in financing and a strong trading performance in derivatives in the more volatile market environment.derivatives.

Bank of America20


All Other
                  
 Three Months Ended March 31   Three Months Ended September 30   Nine Months Ended September 30  
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 % Change(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 % Change 2018 2017 % Change
Net interest income (FTE basis)Net interest income (FTE basis)$144
 $263
 (45)%Net interest income (FTE basis)$162
 $152
 7 % $435
 $675
 (36)%
Noninterest loss(477) (357) 34
Noninterest income (loss)Noninterest income (loss)(1) (355) (100)% (907) (94) n/m
Total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)Total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)(333) (94) n/m
Total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)161
 (203) n/m
 (472) 581
 n/m
                 
Provision for credit lossesProvision for credit losses(152) (26) n/m
Provision for credit losses(95) (191) (50) (352) (376) (6)
Noninterest expenseNoninterest expense976
 1,434
 (32)Noninterest expense566
 734
 (23) 2,166
 3,546
 (39)
Loss before income taxes (FTE basis)Loss before income taxes (FTE basis)(1,157) (1,502) (23)Loss before income taxes (FTE basis)(310) (746) (58) (2,286) (2,589) (12)
Income tax benefit (FTE basis)(871) (1,148) (24)
Net loss$(286) $(354) (19)
Income tax expense (benefit) (FTE basis)Income tax expense (benefit) (FTE basis)(453) (800) (43) (1,893) (1,944) (3)
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$143
 $54
 n/m
 $(393) $(645) (39)
                  
Balance Sheet                  
 Three Months Ended March 31   Three Months Ended September 30   Nine Months Ended September 30  
Average 2018 2017 % Change 2018 2017 % Change 2018 2017 % Change
Total loans and leasesTotal loans and leases$67,811
 $94,873
 (29)%Total loans and leases$59,930
 $76,546
 (22)% $63,602
 $86,294
 (26)%
Total assets (1)
Total assets (1)
200,553
 207,652
 (3)
Total assets (1)
209,847
 207,274
 1
 199,709
 206,373
 (3)
Total depositsTotal deposits23,115
 25,297
 (9)Total deposits22,118
 25,273
 (12) 22,635
 25,629
 (12)
                  
Period end March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 % Change       September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 % Change
Total loans and leasesTotal loans and leases$64,584
 $69,452
 (7)%Total loans and leases      $54,978
 $69,452
 (21)%
Total assets (1)
Total assets (1)
202,152
 194,048
 4
Total assets (1)
      219,985
 194,042
 13
Total depositsTotal deposits22,106
 22,719
 (3)Total deposits      21,375
 22,719
 (6)
(1) 
In segments where the total of liabilities and equity exceeds assets, which are generally deposit-taking segments, we allocate assets from All Other to those segments to match liabilities (i.e., deposits) and allocated shareholders’ equity. Average allocated assets were $514.6516.3 billion and $522.0516.8 billion for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $510.1 billion and $517.9 billion for the same periods in 2017, and period-end allocated assets were $543.3531.3 billion and $520.4 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
n/m = not meaningful
All Other consists of ALM activities, equity investments, non-core mortgage loans and servicing activities, the net impact of periodic revisions to the MSR valuation model for core and non-core MSRs and the related economic hedge results, liquidating businesses and residual expense allocations. For more information about All Other, see Business Segment Operations in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Bank of America16


The Corporation classifies consumer real estate loans as core or non-core based on loan and customer characteristics such as origination date, product type, LTV, FICO score and delinquency status.characteristics. For more information on the core and non-core portfolios, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management on page 25.28. Residential mortgage loans that are held for ALM purposes, including interest rate or liquidity risk management, are classified as core and are presented on the balance sheet of All Other. For more information on our interest rate and liquidity risk management activities, see Liquidity Risk on page 22 and Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book on page 45. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, residential mortgage loans held for ALM activities decreased $1.3$3.2 billion to $27.2$25.3 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 primarily as a result of payoffs and paydowns. Non-core residential mortgage and home equity loans, which are principally run-off portfolios, including certain loans accounted for under the fair value option and MSRs pertaining to non-core loans serviced for others, are also held in All Other. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, total non-core loans decreased $3.5$11.4 billion to $37.8$29.9 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 due primarily to payoffs and paydowns, as well as transfers to loans held-for-sale (LHFS) of $1.1 billion and loan sales of $700 million.$5.9 billion.
The net lossThree Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
Net income for All Other improved $68increased $89 million to $286$143 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, driven by a lower pretax loss, partially offset by a lower income tax benefit due to the impact of the reduction in the federal income tax rate. Pretax results were driven by higher revenue and lower noninterest expense, partially offset by a decrease in the benefit in provision for credit losses.
Revenue increased $364 million to $161 million primarily due to a lower provision for representations and warranties as well as a highergain of $84 million from the sale of a non-core consumer real estate loan portfolio.
The benefit in the provision for credit losses declined $96 million to $95 million due to a slower pace of portfolio improvement in the non-core consumer real estate portfolio.
Noninterest expense decreased $168 million to $566 million due to lower non-core mortgage costs and litigation expense.
The income tax benefit was $453 million compared to $800 million. The decrease in the benefit was due to the reduction in the federal income tax rate and the change in the pretax loss. Both periods included income tax benefit adjustments to eliminate the FTE treatment of certain tax credits recorded in Global Banking.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
The net loss for All Other improved $252 million to a loss of $393 million, reflecting lower noninterest expense, partially offset by a decline inlower revenue.
Revenue decreased $239$1.1 billion to a loss of $472 million primarily due to the impact of the sale of the non-U.S. consumer credit card businessa prior-year $793 million pretax gain recognized in the second quarter of 2017. Gains on sales of loans included in noninterest loss, including nonperforming and other delinquent loans, were $37 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to gains of $17 million in the same period in 2017.
The provision for credit losses improved $126 million to a benefit of $152 million primarily driven by continued runoff of the non-core portfolio.
Noninterest expense decreased $458 million to $976 million driven by lower litigation expense, lower operating costs due toconnection with the sale of the non-U.S. consumer credit card business and, in the current-year period, a decline in$729 million charge related to the redemption of certain trust preferred securities, partially offset by gains of $656 million from the sale of primarily non-core mortgage servicing costs.loans.
Noninterest expense decreased $1.4 billion to $2.2 billion primarily due to lower non-core mortgage costs and reduced operational costs from the sale of the non-U.S. consumer credit card business. Also, the prior-year period included a $295 million impairment charge related to certain data centers.


21Bank of America






The income tax benefit was $871 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to a benefit of $1.1$1.9 billion in the sameboth periods. The current-year period in 2017. The change was driven byreflects the lower federal income tax rate, in effect in 2018 andwhile the change inprior-year period included tax expense related to the pretax loss.sale of the non-U.S. consumer credit card business. Both periods includeincluded income tax benefit adjustments to eliminate the FTE treatment of certain tax credits recorded in Global Banking.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations
We have contractual obligations to make future payments on debt and lease agreements. Additionally, in the normal course of business, we enter into contractual arrangements whereby we commit to future purchases of products or services from unaffiliated parties. For more information on obligations and commitments, see Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies to
the Consolidated Financial Statements herein as well as Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations in the MD&A, of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as Note 11 – Long-term Debt and Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Representations and Warranties
For information on representations and warranties, see Note 7 – Representations and Warranties Obligations and Corporate Guarantees to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Representations and Warranties in Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements herein. For more information related to the sensitivity of the assumptions used to estimate our reserve for representations and warranties, see Complex Accounting Estimates – Representations and Warranties Liability in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Other Mortgage-related Matters
For more information on other mortgage-related matters, see Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations – Other Mortgage-related Matters in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Managing Risk
Risk is inherent in all our business activities. The seven key types of risk faced by the Corporation are strategic, credit, market, liquidity, compliance, operational and reputational risks. Sound risk management enables us to serve our customers and deliver for our shareholders. If not managed well, risks can result in financial loss, regulatory sanctions and penalties, and damage to our reputation, each of which may adversely impact our ability to execute our business strategies. The Corporation takes a comprehensive approach to risk management with a defined Risk Framework and an articulated Risk Appetite Statement which are reviewed at least annually and approved annually by the Enterprise Risk Committee and the Board.
Our Risk Framework is the foundation for comprehensiveconsistent and effective management of the risks facing the Corporation. The Risk Framework sets forth clear roles, responsibilities and accountability for the management of risk and provides a blueprint for how the Board, through delegation of authority to committees and executive officers, establishes risk appetite and associated limits for our activities.
Our Risk Appetite Statement is intended to ensure that the Corporation maintains an acceptable risk profile by providing a common framework and a comparable set of measures for senior management and the Board to clearly indicate the level of risk the
Corporation is willing to accept. Risk appetite is set at least annually and is aligned with the Corporation’s strategic, capital and financial operating plans. Our line of business strategies and risk appetite are also similarly aligned.
For more information on our Risk Framework, our risk management activities including our Risk Framework, and the key types of risk faced by the Corporation, see the Managing Risk through Reputational Risk sections in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.


17Bank of America






Capital Management
The Corporation manages its capital position so that its capital is more than adequate to support its business activities and to maintainensure capital, risk and risk appetite commensurate with one another.are aligned. Additionally, we seek to maintain safety and soundness at all times, even under adverse scenarios, take advantage of organic growth opportunities, meet obligations to creditors and counterparties, maintain ready access to financial markets, continue to serve as a credit intermediary, remain a source of strength for our subsidiaries, and satisfy current and future regulatory capital requirements. Capital management is integrated into our risk and governance processes, as capital is a key consideration in the development of our strategic plan, risk appetite and risk limits.
We periodically review capital allocated to our businesses and allocate capital annually during the strategic and capital planning processes. For moreadditional information, see Business Segment Operations on page 9.11.
CCAR and Capital Planning
The Federal Reserve requires BHCs to submit a capital plan and requests for capital actions on an annual basis, consistent with the rules governing the CCARComprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) capital plan.
On June 28, 2017,2018, following the Federal Reserve’s non-objection to our 20172018 CCAR capital plan, the Board authorized the repurchase of $12.0approximately $20.6 billion in common stock from July 1, 20172018 through June 30, 2018, plus2019, which includes approximately $600 million in repurchases expected to be approximately $900 million to offset the effect ofshares awarded under equity-based compensation plans during the same period. On December 5, 2017, following approval by the Federal Reserve, the Board authorized the
The repurchase of an additional $5.0 billion of common stock through June 30, 2018. The common stock repurchase authorizations includeprogram, which covers both common stock and warrants. At March 31, 2018, our remaining stock repurchase authorization was $5.2 billion.
The timing and amount of common stock repurchaseswarrants, will be subject to various factors, including the Corporation’s capital position, liquidity, financial performance and alternative uses of capital, stock trading price and general market conditions, and may be suspended at any time. The common stock repurchases may be effected through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions, including repurchase plans that satisfy the conditions of Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.1934, as amended. As a “well-capitalized” BHC, we may notify the Federal Reserve of our intention to make additional capital distributions not to exceed 0.25 percent of Tier 1 capital, and which were not contemplated in our capital plan, subject to the Federal Reserve’s non-objection.
In April 2018, we submitted our 2018 CCAR capital plan and related supervisory stress tests. The Federal Reserve has announced that it will release CCAR capital plan summary results, including supervisory projections of capital ratios, losses and revenues under stress scenarios, and publish the results of stress tests conducted under the supervisory adverse and supervisory severely adverse scenarios by June 30, 2018.
Regulatory Capital
As a financial services holding company, we are subject to regulatory capital rules issued by U.S. banking regulators including Basel 3, which includes certain transition provisions through January 1, 2019. Under the Basel 3 regulatory capital transition provisions, certain deductions and adjustments to Common equity tier 1 capital were phased in through January 1, 2018.3. The Corporation and its primary affiliated banking entity, BANA, are Basel 3 Advanced approaches institutions and are required to report regulatory risk-based capital ratios and risk-weighted assets under both the Standardized and Advanced approaches. The approach that yields the lower ratio is used to assess capital adequacy including under the Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) frameworkframework. As of September 30, 2018, Common equity tier 1 (CET1) and Tier 1 capital ratios for the Corporation was

Bank of America22


were lower under the Standardized approach whereas Advanced approaches method for both periods presented.yielded a lower Total capital ratio. For more information on Basel 3, see Capital Management in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Minimum Capital Requirements
Minimum capital requirements and related buffers are being phased in from January 1, 2014 through January 1, 2019. The PCA framework establishes categories of capitalization including “wellwell capitalized, based on the Basel 3 regulatory ratio requirements. U.S. banking regulators are required to take certain mandatory actions depending on the category of capitalization, with no mandatory actions required for “well-capitalized”well-capitalized banking organizations, which included BANA at March 31, 2018.organizations.
We are subject to a capital conservation buffer, a countercyclical capital buffer and a global systemically important bank (G-SIB) surcharge that are being phased in over a three-year period ending January 1, 2019. Once fully phased-in, the Corporation’s risk-based capital ratio requirements will include a capital conservation buffer greater than 2.5 percent, plus any applicable countercyclical capital buffer and a G-SIB surcharge in order to avoid restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments. The buffers and surcharge must be comprised solely of Common equity tier 1CET1 capital. Under the phase-in provisions, we are
required to maintain a capital conservation buffer greater than 1.875 percent plus a G-SIB surcharge of 1.875 percent in 2018. The countercyclical capital buffer is currently set at zero. We estimate that our fully phased-in G-SIB surcharge will
be 2.5 percent. The G-SIB surcharge may differ from this estimate over time. For more information on the Corporation’s capital ratios and regulatory requirements, see Table 8.
Supplementary Leverage Ratio
Effective January 1, 2018, the Corporation is required to maintain a minimum supplementary leverage ratio (SLR) of 3.0 percent plus a leverage buffer of 2.0 percent in order to avoid certain restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments. InsuredOur insured depository institution subsidiaries of BHCs are required to maintain a minimum 6.0 percent SLR to be considered “well capitalized”well capitalized under the PCA framework. The numerator of the SLR is quarter-end Basel 3 Tier 1 capital. The denominator is total leverage exposure basedFor more information on the daily average of the sum of on-balance sheet exposures less permitted Tier 1 deductions, as well as the simple average of certain off-balance sheet exposures, as of the end of each month in a quarter.

Bank of America18


Corporation’s capital ratios and regulatory requirements, see Table 9.
Capital Composition and Ratios
Table 89 presents Bank of America Corporation’s capital ratios and related information in accordance with Basel 3 Standardized and Advanced approaches as measured at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017,the periods presented, the Corporation met the definition of “well capitalized”well capitalized under current regulatory requirements.
        







Table 8
Bank of America Corporation Regulatory Capital under Basel 3 (1)
    
Table 9
Bank of America Corporation Regulatory Capital under Basel 3 (1)
    
    
Standardized
Approach
 Advanced
Approaches
 
Current Regulatory Minimum (2)
 
2019 Regulatory Minimum (3)
Standardized
Approach
 Advanced
Approaches
 
Current Regulatory Minimum (2)
 
2019 Regulatory Minimum (3)
(Dollars in millions, except as noted)(Dollars in millions, except as noted)March 31, 2018(Dollars in millions, except as noted)September 30, 2018
Risk-based capital metrics:Risk-based capital metrics:       Risk-based capital metrics:       
Common equity tier 1 capitalCommon equity tier 1 capital$164,828
 $164,828
    Common equity tier 1 capital$164,386
 $164,386
    
Tier 1 capitalTier 1 capital188,900
 188,900
    Tier 1 capital186,189
 186,189
    
Total capital (4)
Total capital (4)
223,772
 215,261
    
Total capital (4)
218,159
 209,950
    
Risk-weighted assets (in billions)Risk-weighted assets (in billions)1,452
 1,458
    Risk-weighted assets (in billions)1,439
 1,424
    
Common equity tier 1 capital ratioCommon equity tier 1 capital ratio11.4% 11.3% 8.25% 9.5%Common equity tier 1 capital ratio11.4% 11.5% 8.25% 9.5%
Tier 1 capital ratioTier 1 capital ratio13.0
 13.0
 9.75
 11.0
Tier 1 capital ratio12.9
 13.1
 9.75
 11.0
Total capital ratioTotal capital ratio15.4
 14.8
 11.75
 13.0
Total capital ratio15.2
 14.7
 11.75
 13.0
                
Leverage-based metrics:Leverage-based metrics:       Leverage-based metrics:       
Adjusted quarterly average assets (in billions) (5)
Adjusted quarterly average assets (in billions) (5)
$2,247
 $2,247
    
Adjusted quarterly average assets (in billions) (5)
$2,240
 $2,240
    
Tier 1 leverage ratioTier 1 leverage ratio8.4% 8.4% 4.0
 4.0
Tier 1 leverage ratio8.3% 8.3% 4.0
 4.0
               
SLR leverage exposure (in billions)SLR leverage exposure (in billions)  $2,794
    SLR leverage exposure (in billions)  $2,788
    
SLRSLR  6.8% 5.0
 5.0
SLR  6.7% 5.0
 5.0
        











 December 31, 2017
December 31, 2017
Risk-based capital metrics:Risk-based capital metrics:       Risk-based capital metrics:










Common equity tier 1 capitalCommon equity tier 1 capital$168,461
 $168,461
    Common equity tier 1 capital$168,461

$168,461






Tier 1 capitalTier 1 capital190,189
 190,189
    Tier 1 capital190,189

190,189






Total capital (4)
Total capital (4)
224,209
 215,311
    
Total capital (4)
224,209

215,311






Risk-weighted assets (in billions)Risk-weighted assets (in billions)1,443
 1,459
    Risk-weighted assets (in billions)1,443

1,459






Common equity tier 1 capital ratioCommon equity tier 1 capital ratio11.7% 11.5% 7.25% 9.5%Common equity tier 1 capital ratio11.7%
11.5%
7.25%
9.5%
Tier 1 capital ratioTier 1 capital ratio13.2
 13.0
 8.75
 11.0
Tier 1 capital ratio13.2

13.0

8.75

11.0
Total capital ratioTotal capital ratio15.5
 14.8
 10.75
 13.0
Total capital ratio15.5

14.8

10.75

13.0
        











Leverage-based metrics:Leverage-based metrics:       Leverage-based metrics:










Adjusted quarterly average assets (in billions) (5)
Adjusted quarterly average assets (in billions) (5)
$2,223
 $2,223
    
Adjusted quarterly average assets (in billions) (5)
$2,223

$2,223






Tier 1 leverage ratioTier 1 leverage ratio8.6% 8.6% 4.0
 4.0
Tier 1 leverage ratio8.6%
8.6%
4.0

4.0
        
SLR leverage exposure (in billions)  $2,756
    
SLR  6.9%   5.0
(1) 
Basel 3 transition provisions for regulatory capital adjustments and deductions were fully phased-in as of January 1, 2018. Prior periods are presented on a fully phased-in basis.
(2) 
The March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 amounts include a transition capital conservation buffer of 1.875 percent and 1.25 percent and a transition G-SIB surcharge of 1.875 percent and 1.5 percent. The countercyclical capital buffer for both periods is zero.
(3) 
The 2019 regulatory minimums assumeinclude a capital conservation buffer of 2.5 percent and G-SIB surcharge of 2.5 percent. The countercyclical capital buffer is zero. We will be subject to regulatory minimums on January 1, 2019. The SLR minimum includes a leverage buffer of 2.0 percent and iswas applicable beginning on January 1, 2018.
(4) 
Total capital under the Advanced approaches differs from the Standardized approach due to differences in the amount permitted in Tier 2 capital related to the qualifying allowance for credit losses.
(5) 
Reflects adjusted average total assets for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

1923     Bank of America

  





Common equity tier 1
CET1 capital under Basel 3 Advanced approaches was $164.8$164.4 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018, a decrease of $3.6$4.1 billion compared tofrom December 31, 2017, driven by common stock repurchases, market value declines in available-for-sale (AFS) debt securities included in accumulated other comprehensive income (OCI) and dividends, partially offset by earnings. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, totalTotal capital under the Advanced approaches decreased $5.4
billion driven by the same factors as CET1 capital and a decrease in subordinated debt included in Tier 2 capital. Standardized risk-weighted assets, which yielded the lower CET1 capital ratio for September 30, 2018, remained relatively unchanged. unchanged from December 31, 2017.
Table 910 shows the capital composition as measured under Basel 3 Advanced approaches at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
        
Table 9
Capital Composition under Basel 3 (1)
   
Table 10
Capital Composition under Basel 3 (1)



    



(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
(Dollars in millions)September 30
2018

December 31
2017
Total common shareholders’ equityTotal common shareholders’ equity$241,552
 $244,823
Total common shareholders’ equity$239,832

$244,823
Goodwill(68,576) (68,576)
Goodwill, net of related deferred tax liabilitiesGoodwill, net of related deferred tax liabilities(68,574)
(68,576)
Deferred tax assets arising from net operating loss and tax credit carryforwardsDeferred tax assets arising from net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards(6,755) (6,555)Deferred tax assets arising from net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards(6,166)
(6,555)
Adjustments for amounts recorded in accumulated OCI attributed to certain cash flow hedges1,260
 831
Intangibles, other than mortgage servicing rights and goodwill(1,632) (1,743)
Defined benefit pension fund assets(1,189) (1,138)
DVA related to liabilities and derivatives580
 1,196
Intangibles, other than mortgage servicing rights and goodwill, net of related deferred tax liabilitiesIntangibles, other than mortgage servicing rights and goodwill, net of related deferred tax liabilities(1,407)
(1,743)
OtherOther(412) (377)Other701

512
Common equity tier 1 capitalCommon equity tier 1 capital164,828
 168,461
Common equity tier 1 capital164,386

168,461
Qualifying preferred stock, net of issuance costQualifying preferred stock, net of issuance cost24,672
 22,323
Qualifying preferred stock, net of issuance cost22,326

22,323
OtherOther(600) (595)Other(523)
(595)
Total Tier 1 capital188,900
 190,189
Tier 1 capitalTier 1 capital186,189

190,189
Tier 2 capital instrumentsTier 2 capital instruments23,914
 22,938
Tier 2 capital instruments21,444

22,938
Eligible credit reserves included in Tier 2 capitalEligible credit reserves included in Tier 2 capital2,531
 2,272
Eligible credit reserves included in Tier 2 capital2,317

2,272
OtherOther(84) (88)Other

(88)
Total Basel 3 Capital$215,261
 $215,311
Total capital under the Advanced approachesTotal capital under the Advanced approaches$209,950

$215,311
(1) 
Basel 3 transition provisions for regulatory capital adjustments and deductions were fully phased-in as of January 1, 2018. Prior periods are presented on a fully phased-in basis.
Table 1011 shows the components of risk-weighted assets as measured under Basel 3 at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
                
Table 10
Risk-weighted Assets under Basel 3 (1)
       
Table 11
Risk-weighted Assets under Basel 3 (1)
       
                
Standardized Approach Advanced Approaches Standardized Approach Advanced Approaches Standardized Approach Advanced Approaches Standardized Approach Advanced Approaches
(Dollars in billions)

(Dollars in billions)

March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
(Dollars in billions)

September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Credit riskCredit risk$1,391
 $862
 $1,384
 $867
Credit risk$1,387
 $840
 $1,384
 $867
Market riskMarket risk61
 61
 59
 58
Market risk52
 51
 59
 58
Operational riskOperational riskn/a
 500
 n/a
 500
Operational riskn/a
 500
 n/a
 500
Risks related to credit valuation adjustmentsRisks related to credit valuation adjustmentsn/a
 35
 n/a
 34
Risks related to credit valuation adjustmentsn/a
 33
 n/a
 34
Total risk-weighted assetsTotal risk-weighted assets$1,452
 $1,458
 $1,443
 $1,459
Total risk-weighted assets$1,439
 $1,424
 $1,443
 $1,459
(1) 
Basel 3 transition provisions for regulatory capital adjustments and deductions were fully phased-in as of January 1, 2018. Prior periods are presented on a fully phased-in basis.
n/a = not applicable
Bank of America, N.A. Regulatory Capital
Table 1112 presents regulatory capital information for BANA in accordance with Basel 3 Standardized and Advanced approaches as measured at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. BANA met the definition of “well capitalized”well capitalized under the PCA framework for both periods.
                    
Table 11Bank of America, N.A. Regulatory Capital under Basel 3  
Table 12Bank of America, N.A. Regulatory Capital under Basel 3  
                    
 Standardized Approach Advanced Approaches   Standardized Approach Advanced Approaches  
Ratio Amount Ratio Amount 
Minimum
Required 
(1)
Ratio Amount Ratio Amount 
Minimum
Required 
(1)
(Dollars in millions)

(Dollars in millions)

March 31, 2018
(Dollars in millions)

September 30, 2018
Common equity tier 1 capitalCommon equity tier 1 capital12.2% $147,645
 14.7% $147,645
 6.5%Common equity tier 1 capital12.2% $146,659
 14.8% $146,659
 6.5%
Tier 1 capitalTier 1 capital12.2
 147,645
 14.7
 147,645
 8.0
Tier 1 capital12.2
 146,659
 14.8
 146,659
 8.0
Total capitalTotal capital13.3
 160,158
 15.1
 151,968
 10.0
Total capital13.2
 158,657
 15.3
 150,754
 10.0
Tier 1 leverageTier 1 leverage8.8
 147,645
 8.8
 147,645
 5.0
Tier 1 leverage8.6
 146,659
 8.6
 146,659
 5.0
          
SLR leverage exposure (in billions)      $2,088
  
SLRSLR      7.1% 6.0
SLR    7.0
 146,659
 6.0
          














 December 31, 2017
December 31, 2017
Common equity tier 1 capitalCommon equity tier 1 capital12.5% $150,552
 14.9% $150,552
 6.5%Common equity tier 1 capital12.5%
$150,552

14.9%
$150,552

6.5%
Tier 1 capitalTier 1 capital12.5
 150,552
 14.9
 150,552
 8.0
Tier 1 capital12.5

150,552

14.9

150,552

8.0
Total capitalTotal capital13.6
 163,243
 15.4
 154,675
 10.0
Total capital13.6

163,243

15.4

154,675

10.0
Tier 1 leverageTier 1 leverage9.0
 150,552
 9.0
 150,552
 5.0
Tier 1 leverage9.0

150,552

9.0

150,552

5.0
(1) 
Percent required to meet guidelines to be considered “well capitalized”well capitalized under the PCA framework.

  
Bank of America     2024


Regulatory Developments
The following supplements the disclosure in Capital Management Regulatory Developments in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Minimum Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity
The Federal Reserve’s final rule, which is effective January 1, 2019, includes minimum external total loss-absorbing capacity (TLAC) and long-term debt requirements to improve the resolvability and resiliency of large, interconnected BHCs. As of March 31,September 30, 2018, the Corporation’s TLAC and long-term debt exceeded our estimated 2019 minimum requirements.
Stress Buffer Requirements
On April 10, 2018, the Federal Reserve announced a proposal to integrate the annual quantitative assessment of the CCAR program with the buffer requirements in the Basel 3 capital rule by introducing stress buffer requirements as a replacement of the CCAR quantitative objection. Under the Standardized approach, the proposal replaces the existing static 2.5 percent capital conservation buffer with a stress capital buffer, calculated as the decrease in the Common equity tier 1CET1 capital ratio in the supervisory severely adverse scenario of the modified CCAR stress test plus four quarters of planned common stock dividend payments, floored at 2.5 percent. The static 2.5 percent capital conservation buffer would be retained under the Advanced approaches. The proposal also introduces a stress leverage buffer requirement which would be calculated as the decrease in the Tier 1 leverage ratio in the supervisory severely adverse scenario of the modified CCAR stress test plus four quarters of planned common stock dividends, with no floor. The SLR would not incorporate a stress buffer requirement. The proposal also updates the capital distribution assumptions used in the CCAR stress test to better align with a firm’s expected actions in stress, notably removing the assumption that a BHC will carry out all of its planned capital actions under stress. If finalized, the proposal would be effective December 31, 2018, with the first stress buffer requirements generally becoming effective on October 1, 2019.
Enhanced Supplementary Leverage Ratio and TLAC Requirements
On April 11, 2018, the Federal Reserve and OCC announced a proposal to modify the enhanced SLR standards applicable to U.S. G-SIBs and their insured depository institution subsidiaries. The proposal replaces the existing 2.0 percent leverage buffer with a leverage buffer tailored to each G-SIB, set at 50 percent of the applicable GSIBG-SIB surcharge. This proposal also replaces the current 6.0 percent threshold at which a G-SIB’s insured depository institution subsidiaries are considered “well capitalized”well capitalized under the PCA framework with a threshold set at 3.0 percent plus 50 percent of the G-SIB surcharge applicable to the subsidiary’s G-SIB holding company. Correspondingly, the proposal updates the external TLAC leverage buffer for each G-SIB to 50 percent of the applicable G-SIB surcharge and revises the leverage component of the minimum external long-term debt requirementsrequirement from 4.5 percent to be 2.5 percent plus 50 percent of the applicable G-SIB surcharge.
Revisions to Basel 3 to Address Current Expected Credit Loss Accounting
On April 13, 2018, the U.S. banking regulators announced a proposal to address the regulatory capital impact of using the current expected credit loss methodology to measure credit reserves under a new accounting standard which is effective on January 1, 2020. For more information on this standard, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The proposal provides an
option to phase-in the impact to regulatory capital over a three-year period on a straight-line basis. It also updates the existing regulatory capital framework by creating a new defined term, allowance for credit losses, (ACL), which would include credit losses on all financial instruments measured at amortized cost with the exception of purchased credit-impaired assets. The proposal continues to allow a limited amount of credit losses to be recognized in Tier 2 capital and maintains the existing limits under the Standardized and Advanced approaches.
Single-Counterparty Credit Limits
On June 14, 2018, the Federal Reserve published a final rule establishing single-counterparty credit limits (SCCL) for BHCs with total consolidated assets of $250 billion or more. The SCCL rule is designed to ensure that the maximum possible loss that a BHC could incur due to the default of a single counterparty or a group of connected counterparties would not endanger the BHC’s survival, thereby reducing the probability of future financial crises. Beginning January 1, 2020, G-SIBs must calculate SCCL on a daily basis by dividing the aggregate net credit exposure to a given counterparty by the G-SIB’s Tier 1 capital, ensuring that exposures to other G-SIBs and nonbank financial institutions regulated by the Federal Reserve do not breach 15 percent of Tier 1 capital and exposures to most other counterparties do not breach 25 percent of Tier 1 capital. Certain exposures, including exposures to the U.S. government, U.S. government-sponsored entities and qualifying central counterparties, are exempt from the credit limits.
Broker-dealer Regulatory Capital and Securities Regulation
The Corporation’s principal U.S. broker-dealer subsidiaries are Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (MLPF&S) and Merrill Lynch Professional Clearing Corp (MLPCC). MLPCC is a fully-guaranteed subsidiary of MLPF&S and provides clearing and settlement services. Both entities are subject to the net capital requirements of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Rule 15c3-1. Both entities are also registered as futures commission merchants and are subject to the Commodity Futures Trading Commission Regulation 1.17.
MLPF&S has elected to compute the minimum capital requirement in accordance with the Alternative Net Capital Requirement as permitted by SEC Rule 15c3-1. At March 31,September 30, 2018, MLPF&S’s regulatory net capital as defined by Rule 15c3-1 was $12.3$14.1 billion and exceeded the minimum requirement of $1.7$1.9 billion by $10.6$12.2 billion. MLPCC’s net capital of $4.5$4.6 billion exceeded the minimum requirement of $539$614 million by $4.0 billion.
In accordance with the Alternative Net Capital Requirements, MLPF&S is required to maintain tentative net capital in excess of $1.0 billion, net capital in excess of $500 million and notify the SEC in the event its tentative net capital is less than $5.0 billion. At March 31,September 30, 2018, MLPF&S had tentative net capital and net capital in excess of the minimum and notification requirements.
The current business of MLPF&S is expected to be reorganized into two affiliated broker-dealers: MLPF&S and a newly formed broker-dealer. Under the contemplated reorganization, which is expected to occur during 2019, the newly formed broker-dealer would become the legal entity for the institutional services that are now provided by MLPF&S. MLPF&S' retail services would remain within MLPF&S. The contemplated reorganization is subject to regulatory approval.

25Bank of America






Merrill Lynch International (MLI), a U.K. investment firm, is regulated by the Prudential Regulation Authority and the Financial Conduct Authority, and is subject to certain regulatory capital requirements. At March 31,September 30, 2018, MLI’s capital resources were $35.1$34.7 billion, which exceeded the minimum Pillar 1 requirement of $17.7$13.9 billion.


21Bank of America






Common and Preferred Stock Dividends
Table 12 is a summary of our cash dividend declarations on preferred stock during the first quarter of 2018 and through April 30, 2018. During the first quarter of 2018, we declared $428 million of cash dividends on preferred stock. For more information on preferred stock and a summary of our declared quarterly cash dividends on common stock, see Note 11 – Shareholders’ Equity to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
               
Table 12Preferred Stock Cash Dividend Summary      
               
  March 31, 2018          
Preferred Stock 
Outstanding
Notional
Amount
(in millions)
  Declaration Date Record Date Payment Date 
Per Annum
Dividend Rate
 
Dividend Per
Share
Series B (1)
  $1
  April 25, 2018 July 11, 2018 July 25, 2018 7.00% $1.75
      January 31, 2018 April 11, 2018 April 25, 2018 7.00
 1.75
Series D (2)
  $654
  April 13, 2018 May 31, 2018 June 14, 2018 6.204% $0.38775
      January 8, 2018 February 28, 2018 March 14, 2018 6.204
 0.38775
Series E (2)
  $317
  April 13, 2018 April 30, 2018 May 15, 2018 Floating
 $0.24722
      January 8, 2018 January 31, 2018 February 15, 2018 Floating
 0.25556
Series F  $141
  April 13, 2018 May 31, 2018 June 15, 2018 Floating
 $1,022.22222
      January 8, 2018 February 28, 2018 March 15, 2018 Floating
 1,000.00
Series G  $493
  April 13, 2018 May 31, 2018 June 15, 2018 Adjustable
 $1,022.22222
      January 8, 2018 February 28, 2018 March 15, 2018 Adjustable
 1,000.00
Series I (2)
  $365
  April 13, 2018 June 15, 2018 July 2, 2018 6.625% $0.4140625
      January 8, 2018 March 15, 2018 April 2, 2018 6.625
 0.4140625
Series K (3, 4)
  $1,544
  April 13, 2018 April 15, 2018 April 30, 2018 Fixed-to-floating
 $13.49225
      January 8, 2018 January 15, 2018 January 30, 2018 Fixed-to-floating
 40.00
Series L  $3,080
  March 20, 2018 April 1, 2018 April 30, 2018 7.25% $18.125
Series M (3, 4)
  $1,310
  April 13, 2018 April 30, 2018 May 15, 2018 Fixed-to-floating
 $40.625
Series T (5)
  $35
  April 25, 2018 June 25, 2018 July 10, 2018 6.00% $1,500.00
      January 31, 2018 March 26, 2018 April 10, 2018 6.00
 1,500.00
Series U (3, 4)
  $1,000
  April 13, 2018 May 15, 2018 June 1, 2018 Fixed-to-floating
 $26.00
Series V (3, 4)
  $1,500
  April 13, 2018 June 1, 2018 June 18, 2018 Fixed-to-floating
 $25.625
Series W (2)
  $1,100
  April 13, 2018 May 15, 2018 June 11, 2018 6.625% $0.4140625
      January 8, 2018 February 15, 2018 March 9, 2018 6.625
 0.4140625
Series X (3, 4)
  $2,000
  January 8, 2018 February 15, 2018 March 5, 2018 Fixed-to-floating
 $31.25
Series Y (2)
  $1,100
  March 20, 2018 April 1, 2018 April 27, 2018 6.50% $0.40625
Series Z (3,4)
  $1,400
  March 20, 2018 April 1, 2018 April 23, 2018 Fixed-to-floating
 $32.50
Series AA (3, 4)
  $1,900
  January 8, 2018 March 1, 2018 March 19, 2018 Fixed-to-floating
 $30.50
Series CC (2)
  $1,100
  March 20, 2018 April 1, 2018 April 30, 2018 6.20% $0.3875
Series DD (3, 4)
  $1,000
  January 8, 2018 February 15, 2018 March 12, 2018 Fixed-to-floating
 $31.50
Series EE (2)
  $900
  March 20, 2018 April 1, 2018 April 25, 2018 6.00% $0.375
Series 1 (6)
  $98
  April 13, 2018 May 15, 2018 May 29, 2018 Floating
 $0.18750
      January 8, 2018 February 15, 2018 February 28, 2018 Floating
 0.18750
Series 2 (6)
  $299
  April 13, 2018 May 15, 2018 May 29, 2018 Floating
 $0.18542
      January 8, 2018 February 15, 2018 February 28, 2018 Floating
 0.19167
Series 3 (6)
  $653
  April 13, 2018 May 15, 2018 May 29, 2018 6.375% $0.3984375
    
  January 8, 2018 February 15, 2018 February 28, 2018 6.375
 0.3984375
Series 4 (6)
  $210
  April 13, 2018 May 15, 2018 May 29, 2018 Floating
 $0.24722
      January 8, 2018 February 15, 2018 February 28, 2018 Floating
 0.25556
Series 5 (6)
  $422
  April 13, 2018 May 1, 2018 May 21, 2018 Floating
 $0.24722
      January 8, 2018 February 1, 2018 February 21, 2018 Floating
 0.25556
(1)
Dividends are cumulative.
(2)
Dividends per depositary share, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of preferred stock.
(3)
Initially pays dividends semi-annually.
(4)
Dividends per depositary share, each representing a 1/25th interest in a share of preferred stock.
(5)
Represents shares that were not surrendered when the holders of Series T preferred stock exercised warrants to acquire common stock in the third quarter of 2017.
(6)
Dividends per depositary share, each representing a 1/1,200th interest in a share of preferred stock.
Liquidity Risk
Funding and Liquidity Risk Management
Our primary liquidity risk management objective is to meet expected or unexpected cash flow and collateral needs while continuing to support our businesses and customers under a range of economic conditions. To achieve that objective, we analyze and monitor our liquidity risk under expected and stressed conditions, maintain liquidity and access to diverse funding sources, including our stable deposit base, and seek to align liquidity-related incentives and risks.
We define liquidity as readily available assets, limited to cash and high-quality, liquid, unencumbered securities that we can use
to meet our contractual and contingent financial obligations as those obligations arise. We manage our liquidity position through line of business and ALM activities, as well as through our legal entity funding strategy, on both a forward and current (including intraday) basis under both expected and stressed conditions. We believe that a centralized approach to funding and liquidity management enhances our ability to monitor liquidity requirements, maximizes access to funding sources, minimizes borrowing costs and facilitates timely responses to liquidity events. For more information regarding global funding and liquidity risk management, as well as our liquidity sources, liquidity arrangements, contingency planning and credit ratings discussed below, see Liquidity Risk – Funding and Liquidity Risk Management in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.


Bank of America22


NB Holdings Corporation
We have intercompany arrangements with certain key subsidiaries under which we transferred certain assets of ourBank of America Corporation, as the parent company, assets,which is a separate and distinct legal entity from our banking and nonbank subsidiaries, and agreed to transfer certain additional parent company assets not needed to satisfy anticipated near-term expenditures, to NB Holdings Corporation, a wholly-owned holding company subsidiary (NB Holdings). The parent company is expected to continue to have access to the same flow of dividends, interest and other amounts of cash necessary to service its debt, pay dividends and perform other obligations as it would have had if it had not entered into these arrangements and transferred any assets. These arrangements support our preferred single point of entry resolution strategy, under which only the parent company would be resolved under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. For more information on these arrangements, see Liquidity Risk – NB Holdings Corporation in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Global Liquidity Sources and Other Unencumbered Assets
Table 13 shows average global liquidity sources (GLS) for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
     
Table 13Average Global Liquidity Sources
     
  Three Months Ended
(Dollars in billions)September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
Parent company and NB Holdings$80
 $79
Bank subsidiaries410
 394
Other regulated entities47
 49
Total Average Global Liquidity Sources$537
 $522
We maintain liquidity available to the Corporation, including the parent company and selected subsidiaries, in the form of cash and high-quality, liquid, unencumbered securities. For more information on our liquidity sources, see Liquidity Risk – Global Liquidity Sources and Other Unencumbered Assets in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
     
Table 13Average Global Liquidity Sources
     
  Three Months Ended
(Dollars in billions)March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
Parent company and NB Holdings$77
 $79
Bank subsidiaries396
 394
Other regulated entities49
 49
Total Average Global Liquidity Sources$522
 $522
Parent company and NB Holdings average liquidity was $77 billion and $79 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Typically, parent company and NB Holdings liquidity is in the form of cash deposited with BANA.
Average liquidity held at our bank subsidiaries was $396 billion and $394 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Our bank subsidiaries’ liquidity is primarily driven by deposit and lending activity, as well as securities valuation and net debt activity. Liquidity at bank subsidiaries excludes the cash deposited by the parent company and NB Holdings. Our bank subsidiaries can also generate incremental liquidity by pledging a range of unencumbered loans and securities to certain Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBs) and the Federal Reserve Discount Window. The cash we could have obtained by borrowing against this pool of specifically-identified eligible assets was $325 billion and $308 billion at both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. We have established operational procedures to enable us to borrow against these assets, including regularly monitoring our total pool of eligible loans and securities collateral. Eligibility is defined in guidelines from the FHLBs and the Federal Reserve and is subject to change at their discretion. Due to regulatory restrictions, liquidity generated by the bank subsidiaries can generally be used only to fund obligations within the bank subsidiaries, and transfers to the parent company or nonbank subsidiaries may be subject to prior regulatory approval.
Average liquidityLiquidity held at ourin other regulated entities, comprised primarily of broker-dealer subsidiaries, was $49 billion for both the three months ended March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Our other regulated entities also held unencumbered investment-
grade securities and equities that we believe could be used to generate additional liquidity. Liquidity held in an other regulated entity is primarily available to meet the obligations of that entity and transfers to the parent company or to any other subsidiary may be subject to prior regulatory approval due to regulatory restrictions and minimum requirements. Our other regulated entities also hold unencumbered investment-grade securities and equities that we believe could be used to generate additional liquidity.
Table 14 presents the composition of average global liquidity sources (GLS)GLS for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
        
Table 14Average Global Liquidity Sources CompositionAverage Global Liquidity Sources Composition
    
 Three Months Ended Three Months Ended
(Dollars in billions)(Dollars in billions)March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
(Dollars in billions)September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
Cash on depositCash on deposit$128
 $118
Cash on deposit$130
 $118
U.S. Treasury securitiesU.S. Treasury securities64
 62
U.S. Treasury securities64
 62
U.S. agency securities and mortgage-backed securitiesU.S. agency securities and mortgage-backed securities320
 330
U.S. agency securities and mortgage-backed securities334
 330
Non-U.S. government securitiesNon-U.S. government securities10
 12
Non-U.S. government securities9
 12
Total Average Global Liquidity SourcesTotal Average Global Liquidity Sources$522
 $522
Total Average Global Liquidity Sources$537
 $522
Our GLS are substantially the same in composition to what qualifies as High Quality Liquid Assets (HQLA) under the final U.S. Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) rules. However, HQLA for purposes of calculating LCR is not reported at market value, but at a lower value that incorporates regulatory deductions and the exclusion of excess liquidity held at certain subsidiaries. The LCR is calculated as the amount of a financial institution’s unencumbered HQLA relative to the estimated net cash outflows the institution could encounter over a 30-day period of significant liquidity stress, expressed as a percentage. Our average consolidated HQLA, on a net basis, was $444$440 billion and $439 billion for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. For the same periods, the average consolidated LCR was 124120 percent and 125 percent. Our LCR will fluctuate due to normal business flows from customer activity.

Bank of America26


Liquidity Stress Analysis and Time-to-required Funding
We utilize liquidity stress analysis to assist us in determining the appropriate amounts of liquidity to maintain at the parent company and our subsidiaries to meet contractual and contingent cash outflows under a range of scenarios. For more information on our liquidity stress analysis, see Liquidity Risk – Liquidity Stress Analysis and Time-to-required Funding in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We use a variety of metrics to determine the appropriate amounts of liquidity to maintain at the parent company and our subsidiaries. One metric we use to evaluate the appropriate level of liquidity at the parent company and NB Holdings is “time-to-required funding” (TTF). This debt coverage measure indicates the number of months the parent company can continue to meet its unsecured contractual obligations as they come due using only the parent company and NB Holdings’ liquidity sources without issuing any new debt or accessing any additional liquidity sources. We define unsecured contractual obligations for purposes of this metric as maturities of senior or subordinated debt issued or guaranteed by Bank of America Corporation. These include certain unsecured debt instruments, primarily structured liabilities, which we may be required to settle for cash prior to maturity. TTF was 56 months at March 31, 2018 compared to 49 months at December 31, 2017. The increase in TTF was driven by higher parent company and NB Holdings liquidity.

23Bank of America






Diversified Funding Sources
We fund our assets primarily with a mix of deposits, and secured and unsecured liabilities through a centralized, globally coordinated funding approach diversified across products, programs, markets, currencies and investor groups. We fund a substantial portion of our lending activities through our deposits, which were $1.33$1.35 trillion and $1.31 trillion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
Our trading activities in other regulated entities are primarily funded on a secured basis through securities lending and repurchase agreements, and these amounts will vary based on customer activity and market conditions.
During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, we issued $20.9$60.9 billion of long-term debt consisting of $14.4$30.2 billion for Bank of America Corporation, substantially all of which was TLAC compliant, $4.1$18.6 billion for Bank of America, N.A. and $2.4$12.1 billion of other debt.
Table 15 presents the carrying value of aggregate annual contractual maturities of long-term debt as of March 31,at September 30, 2018. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, we had total long-term debt contractual and non-contractual maturities and purchases of $13.4$43.9 billion consisting of $8.0$27.2 billion for Bank of America Corporation, $2.9$6.5 billion for Bank of America, N.A. and $2.5$10.2 billion of other debt.
                            
Table 15Long-term Debt by Maturity             Long-term Debt by Maturity
                            
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)Remainder of 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Thereafter Total(Dollars in millions)Remainder of 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Thereafter Total
Bank of America CorporationBank of America Corporation             Bank of America Corporation             
Senior notesSenior notes$13,996
 $15,235
 $10,561
 $16,225
 $11,813
 $80,166
 $147,996
Senior notes$1,127
 $14,888
 $10,340
 $15,836
 $14,933
 $88,562
 $145,686
Senior structured notesSenior structured notes1,768
 1,485
 923
 430
 2,048
 8,081
 14,735
Senior structured notes150
 1,401
 866
 495
 1,946
 9,005
 13,863
Subordinated notesSubordinated notes1,606
 1,576
 
 382
 469
 20,188
 24,221
Subordinated notes
 1,516
 
 354
 387
 19,848
 22,105
Junior subordinated notesJunior subordinated notes
 
 
 
 
 3,829
 3,829
Junior subordinated notes
 
 
 
 
 740
 740
Total Bank of America CorporationTotal Bank of America Corporation17,370
 18,296
 11,484
 17,037
 14,330
 112,264
 190,781
Total Bank of America Corporation1,277

17,805

11,206

16,685

17,266

118,155

182,394
Bank of America, N.A.Bank of America, N.A.             Bank of America, N.A.             
Senior notesSenior notes3,990
 
 
 
 
 21
 4,011
Senior notes2,209
 
 1,740
 
 
 20
 3,969
Subordinated notesSubordinated notes
 1
 
 
 
 1,626
 1,627
Subordinated notes
 1
 
 
 
 1,576
 1,577
Advances from Federal Home Loan BanksAdvances from Federal Home Loan Banks3,005
 4,513
 11
 2
 3
 106
 7,640
Advances from Federal Home Loan Banks2,501
 11,762
 3,010
 2
 3
 105
 17,383
Securitizations and other Bank VIEs (1)
Securitizations and other Bank VIEs (1)
1,199
 3,200
 3,072
 1,572
 
 47
 9,090
Securitizations and other Bank VIEs (1)

 3,200
 3,098
 4,022
 
 59
 10,379
OtherOther53
 166
 11
 
 1
 97
 328
Other1
 178
 78
 
 10
 61
 328
Total Bank of America, N.A.Total Bank of America, N.A.8,247
 7,880
 3,094
 1,574
 4
 1,897
 22,696
Total Bank of America, N.A.4,711

15,141

7,926

4,024

13

1,821
 33,636
Other debtOther debt             Other debt             
Structured liabilitiesStructured liabilities4,009
 3,199
 1,887
 821
 746
 7,138
 17,800
Structured liabilities1,382
 4,843
 2,061
 1,088
 576
 7,475
 17,425
Nonbank VIEs (1)
Nonbank VIEs (1)
20
 52
 
 
 
 889
 961
Nonbank VIEs (1)
6
 41
 
 
 
 598
 645
Other
 
 
 
 
 18
 18
Total other debtTotal other debt4,029
 3,251
 1,887
 821
 746
 8,045
 18,779
Total other debt1,388

4,884

2,061

1,088

576

8,073
 18,070
Total long-term debtTotal long-term debt$29,646
 $29,427
 $16,465
 $19,432
 $15,080
 $122,206
 $232,256
Total long-term debt$7,376

$37,830

$21,193

$21,797

$17,855

$128,049
 $234,100
(1)  
Represents the total long-term debt included in the liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities (VIEs) on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Table 16 presents our long-term debt by major currency at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
        
Table 16Long-term Debt by Major CurrencyLong-term Debt by Major Currency
    
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
(Dollars in millions)September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
U.S. dollarU.S. dollar$181,398
 $175,623
U.S. dollar$184,299
 $175,623
EuroEuro34,487
 35,481
Euro34,802
 35,481
British poundBritish pound7,127
 7,016
British pound5,480
 7,016
Canadian dollarCanadian dollar3,044
 1,966
Japanese yenJapanese yen3,035
 2,993
Japanese yen2,927
 2,993
Australian dollarAustralian dollar3,015
 3,046
Australian dollar2,341
 3,046
Canadian dollar1,915
 1,966
OtherOther1,279
 1,277
Other1,207
 1,277
Total long-term debtTotal long-term debt$232,256
 $227,402
Total long-term debt$234,100
 $227,402
Total long-term debt increased $4.9$6.7 billion or two percent, during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 primarily due to issuances outpacing maturities.maturities and redemptions, including the redemption of trust preferred securities, partially offset by changes in the fair value of hedged debt. We may, from time to time, purchase outstanding debt instruments in various transactions, depending on prevailing market conditions, liquidity and other factors. In addition, our other regulated entities may make markets in our debt instruments
to provide liquidity for investors. For information on funding and liquidity risk management, see Liquidity Risk – Liquidity Stress Analysis and Time-to-required Funding on page 23,above, and for more information regarding long-term debt funding, see Note 11 – Long-term Debt to the Consolidated
Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We use derivative transactions to manage the duration, interest rate and currency risks of our borrowings, considering the characteristics of the assets they are funding. For more information on our ALM activities, see Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book on page 45.49.
We may also issue unsecured debt in the form of structured notes for client purposes, certain of which qualify as TLAC eligible debt. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, we issued $1.4$5.1 billion of structured notes, which are debt obligations that pay investors returns linked to other debt or equity securities, indices, currencies or commodities. We typically hedge the returns we are obligated to pay on these liabilities with derivatives and/or investments in the underlying instruments, so that from a funding perspective, the cost is similar to our other unsecured long-term debt. We could be required to settle certain structured note obligations for cash or other securities prior to maturity under certain circumstances, which we consider for liquidity planning

27Bank of America






purposes. We believe, however, that a portion of such borrowings will remain outstanding beyond the earliest put or redemption date.
Substantially all of our senior and subordinated debt obligations contain no provisions that could trigger a requirement for an early repayment, require additional collateral support, result in changes to terms, accelerate maturity or create additional financial obligations upon an adverse change in our credit ratings, financial ratios, earnings, cash flows or stock price.

Bank of America24


Credit Ratings
Credit ratings and outlooks are opinions expressed by rating agencies on our creditworthiness and that of our obligations or securities, including long-term debt, short-term borrowings, preferred stock and other securities, including asset securitizations. Table 17 presents the Corporation’s current long-term/short-term senior debt ratings and outlooks expressed by the rating agencies. These
The ratings from Fitch Ratings have not changed from those disclosed in the Corporation’s 2017 AnnualQuarterly Report on Form 10K. For more information on credit10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018.
The ratings see Liquidity Risk – Credit
from Standard & Poor’s Global Ratings and Moody’s Investors Service have not changed from those disclosed in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
For more information on the additional collateral and termination payments that could be required in connection with certain over-the-counter (OTC) derivative contracts and other trading agreements as a result of a credit rating downgrade, see Note 3 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements herein and Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
                   
Table 17Senior Debt Ratings
   
  Moody’s Investors Service Standard & Poor’s Global Ratings Fitch Ratings
 Long-term Short-term Outlook Long-term Short-term Outlook Long-term Short-term Outlook
Bank of America CorporationA3 P-2 Stable A- A-2 Stable AA+ F1 Stable
Bank of America, N.A.Aa3 P-1 Stable A+ A-1 Stable   A+AA- F1F1+ Stable
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith IncorporatedNR NR NR A+ A-1 Stable   A+AA- F1F1+ Stable
Merrill Lynch InternationalNR NR NR A+ A-1 Stable AA+ F1 Stable
NR = not rated
Credit Risk Management
For information on our credit risk management activities, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management below, Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management on page 3437, Non-U.S. Portfolio on page 4043, Provision for Credit Losses on page 41,44, Allowance for Credit Losses on page 4144, and Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases and Note 6 – Allowance for Credit Losses to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management
Credit risk management for the consumer portfolio begins with initial underwriting and continues throughout a borrower’s credit cycle. Statistical techniques in conjunction with experiential judgment are used in all aspects of portfolio management including underwriting, product pricing, risk appetite, setting credit limits, and establishing operating processes and metrics to quantify and balance risks and returns. Statistical models are built using detailed behavioral information from external sources such as credit bureaus and/or internal historical experience and are a component of our consumer credit risk management process. These models are used in part to assist in making both new and ongoing credit decisions, as well as portfolio management strategies, including authorizations and line management, collection practices and strategies, and determination of the allowance for loan and lease losses and allocated capital for credit risk.
Consumer Credit Portfolio
Improvement in home prices continued during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 resulting in improved credit quality and lower credit losses in the consumer real estatehome equity portfolio, partially offset by seasoning and loan growth in the U.S. credit card portfolio compared to the same periodperiods in 2017.
Improved credit quality, and continued loan balance run-off and sales primarily in the non-core consumer real estate portfolio,
partially offset by seasoning
within the U.S. credit card portfolio, drove a $133$403 million decrease in the consumer allowance for loan and lease losses during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 to $5.3$5.0 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018. For moreadditional information, see Allowance for Credit Losses on page 41.44.
For more information on our accounting policies regarding delinquencies, nonperforming status, charge-offs and troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) for the consumer portfolio, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Table 18 presents our outstanding consumer loans and leases, consumer nonperforming loans and accruing consumer loans past due 90 days or more. Nonperforming loans do not include past due consumer credit card loans, other unsecured loans and in general, consumer loans not secured by real estate (bankruptcy loans are included) as these loans are typically charged off no later than the end of the month in which the loan becomes 180 days past due. Real estate-secured past due consumer loans that are insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) or individually insured under long-term standby agreements with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (collectively, the fully-insured loan portfolio) are reported as accruing as opposed to nonperforming since the principal repayment is insured. Fully-insured loans included in accruing past due 90 days or more are primarily from our repurchases of delinquent FHA loans pursuant to our servicing agreements with the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA). Additionally, nonperforming loans and accruing balances past due 90 days or more do not include the PCI loan portfolio or loans accounted for under the fair value option even though the customer may be contractually past due.
For more information on PCI loans, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Purchased Credit-impaired Loan Portfolio on page 3134 and Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

25Bank of America28






                        
Table 18Consumer Credit Quality           Consumer Credit Quality           
                        
Outstandings Nonperforming 
Accruing Past Due
90 Days or More
Outstandings Nonperforming 
Accruing Past Due
90 Days or More
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
(Dollars in millions)September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
Residential mortgage (1)
Residential mortgage (1)
$204,112
 $203,811
 $2,262
 $2,476
 $2,885
 $3,230
Residential mortgage (1)
$208,186
 $203,811
 $2,034
 $2,476
 $2,161
 $3,230
Home equity Home equity 55,308
 57,744
 2,598
 2,644
 
 
Home equity 51,235
 57,744
 2,226
 2,644
 
 
U.S. credit cardU.S. credit card93,014
 96,285
 n/a
 n/a
 925
 900
U.S. credit card94,829
 96,285
 n/a
 n/a
 872
 900
Direct/Indirect consumer (2)
Direct/Indirect consumer (2)
91,213
 93,830
 46
 46
 38
 40
Direct/Indirect consumer (2)
91,338
 96,342
 46
 46
 35
 40
Other consumer (3)
Other consumer (3)
2,860
 2,678
 
 
 1
 
Other consumer (3)
203
 166
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans excluding loans accounted for under the fair value optionConsumer loans excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option$446,507
 $454,348
 $4,906
 $5,166
 $3,849
 $4,170
Consumer loans excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option$445,791
 $454,348

$4,306

$5,166

$3,068

$4,170
Loans accounted for under the fair value option (4)
Loans accounted for under the fair value option (4)
894
 928
        
Loans accounted for under the fair value option (4)
755
 928
        
Total consumer loans and leasesTotal consumer loans and leases$447,401
 $455,276
        Total consumer loans and leases$446,546

$455,276
        
Percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases (5)
Percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases (5)
n/a
 n/a
 1.10% 1.14% 0.86% 0.92%
Percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases (5)
n/a
 n/a
 0.97% 1.14% 0.69% 0.92%
Percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases, excluding PCI and fully-insured loan portfolios (5)
Percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases, excluding PCI and fully-insured loan portfolios (5)
n/a
 n/a
 1.19
 1.23
 0.23
 0.22
Percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases, excluding PCI and fully-insured loan portfolios (5)
n/a
 n/a
 1.03
 1.23
 0.22
 0.22
(1) 
Residential mortgage loans accruing past due 90 days or more are fully-insured loans. At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, residential mortgage includes $2.01.6 billion and $2.2 billion of loans on which interest had been curtailed by the FHA, and therefore were no longer accruing interest, although principal was still insured, and $885579 million and $1.0 billion of loans on which interest was still accruing.
(2) 
Outstandings include auto and specialty lending loans and leases of $49.150.1 billion and $49.952.4 billion, unsecured consumer lending loans of $428392 million and $469 million, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $38.137.4 billion and $39.8 billion, non-U.S. consumer loans of $2.92.7 billion and $3.0 billion and other consumer loans of $676756 million and $684 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(3) 
Outstandings includeSubstantially all of other consumer leases of $2.7 billion and $2.5 billion and consumer overdrafts of $129 million and $163 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. is consumer overdrafts.
(4) 
Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option include residential mortgage loans of $523407 million and $567 million and home equity loans of $371348 million and $361 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. For more information on the fair value option, see Note 15 – Fair Value Option to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(5) 
Excludes consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option. At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, $2516 million and $26 million of loans accounted for under the fair value option were past due 90 days or more and not accruing interest.
n/a = not applicable
Table 19 presents net charge-offs and related ratios for consumer loans and leases.
                        
Table 19Consumer Net Charge-offs and Related Ratios      Consumer Net Charge-offs and Related Ratios          
                        
 
Net Charge-offs (1)
 
Net Charge-off Ratios (1, 2)
 
Net Charge-offs (1)
 
Net Charge-off Ratios (1, 2)
 Three Months Ended March 31 Three Months Ended
September 30
 Nine Months Ended
September 30
 Three Months Ended
September 30
 Nine Months Ended
September 30
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
Residential mortgageResidential mortgage$(6) $17
 (0.01)% 0.04%Residential mortgage$12
 $(82) $13
 $(84) 0.02 % (0.16)% 0.01% (0.06)%
Home equityHome equity33
 64
 0.23
 0.40
Home equity(20) 83
 13
 197
 (0.15) 0.54
 0.03
 0.42
U.S. credit cardU.S. credit card701
 606
 3.01
 2.74
U.S. credit card698
 612
 2,138
 1,858
 2.92
 2.65
 3.03
 2.75
Non-U.S. credit card (3)
Non-U.S. credit card (3)

 44
 
 1.91
Non-U.S. credit card (3)

 
 
 75
 
 
 
 1.91
Direct/Indirect consumerDirect/Indirect consumer58
 48
 0.26
 0.21
Direct/Indirect consumer42
 68
 142
 149
 0.18
 0.28
 0.20
 0.21
Other consumerOther consumer44
 48
 6.34
 7.61
Other consumer44
 50
 130
 114
 n/m
 n/m
 n/m
 n/m
TotalTotal$830
 $827
 0.75
 0.74
Total$776

$731

$2,436

$2,309
 0.69
 0.65
 0.73
 0.69
(1) 
Net charge-offs exclude write-offs in the PCI loan portfolio. For more information, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Purchased Credit-impaired Loan Portfolio on page 3134.
(2) 
Net charge-off ratios are calculated as annualized net charge-offs divided by average outstanding loans and leases excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option.
(3) 
Represents net charge-offs related to the non-U.S. credit card loan portfolio, which was sold during the second quarter of 2017.
n/m = not meaningful
Net charge-offs, as shown in Tables 19 and 20, exclude write-offs in the PCI loan portfolio of $17$61 million and $9$92 million in residential mortgage and $18$34 million and $24$74 million in home equity for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $62 million and $112 million in residential mortgage and $11 million and $49 million in home equity for the same periods in 2017. Net charge-off (recovery) ratios including the PCI write-offs were 0.020.14 percent and 0.060.07 percent for residential mortgage and 0.360.11 percent and 0.550.22 percent for home equity for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to (0.04) percent and 0.02 percent for residential mortgage and 0.61 percent and 0.52 percent for home equity for the same periods in 2017. For moreadditional information on PCI write-offs, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Purchased Credit-impaired Loan Portfolio on page 31.34.
Table 20 presents outstandings, nonperforming balances, net charge-offs, allowance for loan and lease losses and provision for loan and lease losses for the core and non-core portfolios within the consumer real estate portfolio. We categorize consumer real
estate loans as core and non-core based on loan and customer characteristics such as origination date, product type, LTV, FICO
loan-to-value (LTV), Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) score and delinquency status consistent with our current consumer and mortgage servicing strategy. Generally, loans that were originated after January 1, 2010, qualified under government-sponsored enterprise underwriting guidelines, or otherwise met our underwriting guidelines in place in 2015 are characterized as core loans. All other loans are generally characterized as non-core loans and represent run-off portfolios. Core loans as reported in Table 20 include loans held in the Consumer Banking and GWIM segments, as well as loans held for ALM activities in All Other. For more information, see Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
As shown in Table 20, outstanding core consumer real estate loans increased $1.3$9.0 billion during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 driven by an increase of $3.0$12.7 billion in residential mortgage, partially offset by a $1.7$3.6 billion decrease in home equity.

29Bank of America26






During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, certain consumer real estate loans, primarily non-core, with carrying values of $3.7 billion and $4.9 billion were sold, resulting in gains of $84 million and $656 million recorded in other income in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
                            
Table 20
Consumer Real Estate Portfolio (1)
    
Consumer Real Estate Portfolio (1)
        
                
 Outstandings Nonperforming 
Net Charge-offs (2)
 Outstandings Nonperforming 
Net Charge-offs (2)
March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 Three Months Ended March 31 September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 Three Months Ended
September 30
 Nine Months Ended
September 30
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions) 2018 2017(Dollars in millions) 2018 2017 2018 2017
Core portfolioCore portfolio 
  
  
  
    Core portfolio 
  
  
  
  
      
Residential mortgageResidential mortgage$179,578
 $176,618
 $1,073
 $1,087
 $9
 $4
Residential mortgage$189,290
 $176,618
 $1,011
 $1,087
 $
 $(42) $13
 $(40)
Home equityHome equity42,568
 44,245
 1,118
 1,079
 23
 31
Home equity40,596
 44,245
 1,056
 1,079
 15
 26
 52
 85
Total core portfolioTotal core portfolio222,146
 220,863
 2,191
 2,166
 32
 35
Total core portfolio229,886

220,863

2,067

2,166

15

(16)
65

45
Non-core portfolioNon-core portfolio   
  
  
    Non-core portfolio   
  
  
        
Residential mortgageResidential mortgage24,534
 27,193
 1,189
 1,389
 (15) 13
Residential mortgage18,896
 27,193
 1,023
 1,389
 12
 (40) 
 (44)
Home equityHome equity12,740
 13,499
 1,480
 1,565
 10
 33
Home equity10,639
 13,499
 1,170
 1,565
 (35) 57
 (39) 112
Total non-core portfolioTotal non-core portfolio37,274
 40,692
 2,669
 2,954
 (5) 46
Total non-core portfolio29,535

40,692

2,193

2,954

(23)
17

(39)
68
Consumer real estate portfolioConsumer real estate portfolio 
  
  
  
    Consumer real estate portfolio 
  
  
  
  
  
    
Residential mortgageResidential mortgage204,112
 203,811
 2,262
 2,476
 (6) 17
Residential mortgage208,186
 203,811
 2,034
 2,476
 12
 (82) 13
 (84)
Home equityHome equity55,308
 57,744
 2,598
 2,644
 33
 64
Home equity51,235
 57,744
 2,226
 2,644
 (20) 83
 13
 197
Total consumer real estate portfolioTotal consumer real estate portfolio$259,420
 $261,555
 $4,860
 $5,120
 $27
 $81
Total consumer real estate portfolio$259,421

$261,555

$4,260

$5,120

$(8)
$1

$26

$113
                            
     
Allowance for Loan
and Lease Losses
 
Provision for Loan
and Lease Losses
     
Allowance for Loan
and Lease Losses
 
Provision for Loan
and Lease Losses
     March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 Three Months Ended March 31     September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 Three Months Ended
September 30
 Nine Months Ended
September 30
      2018 2017      2018 2017 2018 2017
Core portfolioCore portfolio           Core portfolio               
Residential mortgageResidential mortgage    $216
 $218
 $8
 $(1)Residential mortgage    $211
 $218
 $(2) $(49) $7
 $(60)
Home equityHome equity    343
 367
 (1) (11)Home equity    264
 367
 (27) (10) (51) (19)
Total core portfolioTotal core portfolio    559
 585
 7
 (12)Total core portfolio    475

585

(29)
(59)
(44)
(79)
Non-core portfolioNon-core portfolio     
  
    Non-core portfolio     
  
        
Residential mortgageResidential mortgage    395
 483
 (86) 33
Residential mortgage    289
 483
 22
 (59) (103) (111)
Home equityHome equity    576
 652
 (49) (92)Home equity    394
 652
 (112) (86) (221) (255)
Total non-core portfolioTotal non-core portfolio    971
 1,135
 (135) (59)Total non-core portfolio    683

1,135

(90)
(145)
(324)
(366)
Consumer real estate portfolioConsumer real estate portfolio     
  
    Consumer real estate portfolio     
  
  
  
    
Residential mortgageResidential mortgage    611
 701
 (78) 32
Residential mortgage    500
 701
 20
 (108) (96) (171)
Home equityHome equity    919
 1,019
 (50) (103)Home equity    658
 1,019
 (139) (96) (272) (274)
Total consumer real estate portfolioTotal consumer real estate portfolio    $1,530
 $1,720
 $(128) $(71)Total consumer real estate portfolio    $1,158

$1,720

$(119)
$(204)
$(368)
$(445)
(1) 
Outstandings and nonperforming loans exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option. Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option included residential mortgage loans of $523407 million and $567 million and home equity loans of $371348 million and $361 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. For more information, see Note 15 – Fair Value Option to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(2) 
Net charge-offs exclude write-offs in the PCI loan portfolio. For more information, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Purchased Credit-impaired Loan Portfolio on page 3134.
We believe that the presentation of information adjusted to exclude the impact of the PCI loan portfolio, the fully-insured loan portfolio and loans accounted for under the fair value option is more representative of the ongoing operations and credit quality of the business. As a result, in the following tables and discussions of the residential mortgage and home equity portfolios, we exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option and provide information that excludes the impact of the PCI loan portfolio and the fully-insured loan portfolio and loans accounted for under the fair value option in certain credit quality statistics. We separately disclose information on the PCI loan portfolio on page 31.34.
Residential Mortgage
The residential mortgage portfolio makesmade up the largest percentage of our consumer loan portfolio at 4647 percent of consumer loans and leases at March 31,September 30, 2018. Approximately 39At September 30, 2018, 43 percent of the residential mortgage portfolio iswas in Consumer Banking and approximately 36 percent iswas in GWIM. The remaining portion is was
in All Other and iswas comprised of originated loans, purchased loans used in our overall ALM activities, delinquent FHA
loans repurchased pursuant to our servicing agreements with GNMA as well as loans repurchased related to our representations and warranties.
Outstanding balances in the residential mortgage portfolio excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option, increased $301 million$4.4 billion during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 as retention of new originations was partially offset by loan transfers to held for sale of $1.3 billion, loan sales of $812 million$5.7 billion and run-off.
At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the residential mortgage portfolio included $22.7$20.8 billion and $23.7 billion of outstanding fully-insured loans. At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, $16.5loans, of which $14.7 billion and $17.4 billion had FHA insurance with the remainder protected by long-term standby agreements. At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, $4.8$3.9 billion and $5.2 billion of the FHA-insured loan population were repurchases of delinquent FHA loans pursuant to our servicing agreements with GNMA.


27Bank of America30






Table 21 presents certain residential mortgage key credit statistics on both a reported basis excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option, and excluding the PCI loan portfolio and the fully-insured loan portfolio and loans accounted for under the fair value option.portfolio. Additionally, in the “Reported Basis” columns in the following table, accruing balances past due and nonperforming loans do not include the
PCI loan portfolio, in accordance with our
accounting policies, even though the customer may be contractually past due. As such, the following discussion presents the residential mortgage portfolio excluding the PCI loan portfolio and the fully-insured loan portfolio and loans accounted for under the fair value option.portfolio. For more information on the PCI loan portfolio, see page 31.34.
                        
Table 21Residential Mortgage – Key Credit Statistics        Residential Mortgage – Key Credit Statistics        
                        
 
Reported Basis (1)
 
Excluding Purchased
Credit-impaired and
Fully-insured Loans
 (1)
         
Reported Basis (1)
 
Excluding Purchased
Credit-impaired and
Fully-insured Loans
 (1)
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions) March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
(Dollars in millions)        September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
OutstandingsOutstandings $204,112
 $203,811
 $173,813
 $172,069
Outstandings       $208,186
 $203,811
 $181,996
 $172,069
Accruing past due 30 days or moreAccruing past due 30 days or more 5,192
 5,987
 1,277
 1,521
Accruing past due 30 days or more       4,533
 5,987
 1,350
 1,521
Accruing past due 90 days or moreAccruing past due 90 days or more 2,885
 3,230
 
  —
Accruing past due 90 days or more       2,161
 3,230
 
 
Nonperforming loansNonperforming loans 2,262
 2,476
 2,262
 2,476
Nonperforming loans       2,034
 2,476
 2,034
 2,476
Percent of portfolioPercent of portfolio  
  
  
  
Percent of portfolio        
  
  
  
Refreshed LTV greater than 90 but less than or equal to 100Refreshed LTV greater than 90 but less than or equal to 100 3 % 3% 2 % 2%Refreshed LTV greater than 90 but less than or equal to 100   2% 3 % 2% 2 %
Refreshed LTV greater than 100Refreshed LTV greater than 100 2
 2
 1
 1
Refreshed LTV greater than 100       1
 2
 1
 1
Refreshed FICO below 620Refreshed FICO below 620 6
 6
 2
 3
Refreshed FICO below 620       4
 6
 2
 3
2006 and 2007 vintages (2)
2006 and 2007 vintages (2)
 9
 10
 7
 8
2006 and 2007 vintages (2)
       7
 10
 6
 8
                        
 Three Months Ended March 31 Reported Basis Excluding Purchased Credit-impaired and Fully-insured Loans
 2018 2017 2018 2017 Three Months Ended
September 30
 Nine Months Ended
September 30
 Three Months Ended
September 30
 Nine Months Ended
September 30
 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
Net charge-off ratio (3)
Net charge-off ratio (3)
 (0.01)% 0.04% (0.01)% 0.05%
Net charge-off ratio (3)
0.02% (0.16)% 0.01% (0.06)% 0.03% (0.20)% 0.01% (0.07)%
(1) 
Outstandings, accruing past due, nonperforming loans and percentages of portfolio exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.
(2) 
These vintages of loans accounted for $729616 million, or 3230 percent, and $825 million, or 33 percent, of nonperforming residential mortgage loans at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(3) 
Net charge-off ratios are calculated as annualized net charge-offs divided by average outstanding loans excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option.
Nonperforming residential mortgage loans decreased $214$442 million during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 as outflows, includingdriven by sales of $257 million, outpaced new inflows.$377 million. Of the nonperforming residential mortgage loans at March 31,September 30, 2018, $789$757 million, or 3537 percent, were current on contractual payments. Loans accruing past due 30 days or more decreased $244$171 million from seasonal declines.due to continued improvement in credit quality as well as loan sales in the non-core portfolio.
Net charge-offs decreased $23increased $94 million to a net recovery of $6$12 million and $97 million to $13 million for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $17 million of net charge-offs for the same periodperiods in 2017. This change was driven in part by2017 primarily due to net recoveries of $18 million related to loan sales duringin the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 compared to loan sale-related net recoveries of $11 million for the same period inSeptember 30, 2017. Additionally, net charge-offs declined due to favorable portfolio trends and decreased write-downs on loans greater than 180 days past due driven by improvement in home prices and the U.S. economy.
Loans with a refreshed LTV greater than 100 percent represented one percent of the residential mortgage loan portfolio at both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Of the loans with a refreshed LTV greater than 100 percent, 99 percent were performing at March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to 98 percent at December 31, 2017. Loans with a refreshed LTV greater than 100 percent reflect loans where the outstanding carrying value of the loan is greater than the most recent valuation of the property securing the loan. The majority of these loans have a refreshed LTV greater than 100 percent due to home price deterioration since 2006, partially offset by subsequent appreciation.
Of the $173.8$182.0 billion in total residential mortgage loans outstanding at March 31,September 30, 2018, as shown in Table 22, 32 21, 30
percent were originated as interest-only loans. The outstanding balance of
interest-only residential mortgage loans that have entered the amortization period was $9.9$9.6 billion, or 1817 percent, at March 31,September 30, 2018. Residential mortgage loans that have entered the amortization period generally have experienced a higher rate of early stage delinquencies and nonperforming status compared to the residential mortgage portfolio as a whole. At March 31,September 30, 2018, $251$235 million, or threetwo percent, of outstanding interest-only residential mortgages that had entered the amortization period were accruing past due 30 days or more compared to $1.3$1.4 billion, or one percent, for the entire residential mortgage portfolio. In addition, at March 31,September 30, 2018, $432$425 million, or four percent, of outstanding interest-only residential mortgage loans that had entered the amortization period were nonperforming, of which $166$162 million were contractually current, compared to $2.3$2.0 billion, or one percent, for the entire residential mortgage portfolio, of which $789$757 million were contractually current. Loans that have yet to enter the amortization period in our interest-only residential mortgage portfolio are primarily well-collateralized loans to our wealth management clients and have an interest-only period of three to ten years. More than 90 percent of these loans that have yet to enter the amortization period will not be required to make a fully-amortizing payment until 2020 or later.


31Bank of America






Table 22 presents outstandings, nonperforming loans and net charge-offs by certain state concentrations for the residential mortgage portfolio. The Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) within California represented 16 percent of outstandings at both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. In the New York area, the New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island MSA made up 13 percent of outstandings at both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Bank of America28


                            
Table 22Residential Mortgage State ConcentrationsResidential Mortgage State Concentrations    
                            
Outstandings (1)
 
Nonperforming (1)
 
Net Charge-offs (2)
Outstandings (1)
 
Nonperforming (1)
 
Net Charge-offs (2)
March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 Three Months Ended March 31 September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 Three Months Ended
September 30
 Nine Months Ended
September 30
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions) 2018 2017(Dollars in millions) 2018 2017 2018 2017
CaliforniaCalifornia$69,368
 $68,455
 $384
 $433
 $(10) $(4)California$73,127
 $68,455
 $353
 $433
 $(1) $(59) $(18) $(84)
New York (3)
New York (3)
17,613
 17,239
 221
 227
 4
 (2)
New York (3)
18,669
 17,239
 217
 227
 4
 (1) 10
 (2)
Florida (3)
Florida (3)
10,887
 10,880
 281
 280
 (5) 1
Florida (3)
11,235
 10,880
 249
 280
 (2) (9) (7) (11)
TexasTexas7,298
 7,237
 127
 126
 1
 1
Texas7,658
 7,237
 115
 126
 
 1
 3
 2
New Jersey (3)
New Jersey (3)
6,202
 6,099
 118
 130
 2
 1
New Jersey (3)
6,761
 6,099
 100
 130
 
 (1) 5
 1
OtherOther62,445
 62,159
 1,131
 1,280
 2
 20
Other64,546
 62,159
 1,000
 1,280
 11
 (13) 20
 10
Residential mortgage loans (4)
Residential mortgage loans (4)
$173,813
 $172,069
 $2,262
 $2,476
 $(6) $17
Residential mortgage loans (4)
$181,996

$172,069

$2,034

$2,476

$12

$(82)
$13

$(84)
Fully-insured loan portfolioFully-insured loan portfolio22,709
 23,741
  
  
  
  
Fully-insured loan portfolio20,849
 23,741
  
  
  
  
    
Purchased credit-impaired residential mortgage loan portfolio (5)
Purchased credit-impaired residential mortgage loan portfolio (5)
7,590
 8,001
  
  
  
  
Purchased credit-impaired residential mortgage loan portfolio (5)
5,341
 8,001
  
  
  
  
    
Total residential mortgage loan portfolioTotal residential mortgage loan portfolio$204,112
 $203,811
  
  
  
  
Total residential mortgage loan portfolio$208,186
 $203,811
  
  
  
  
    
(1) 
Outstandings and nonperforming loans exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.
(2) 
Net charge-offs excludedexclude $1761 million and $9$92 million of write-offs in the residential mortgage PCI loan portfolio for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $62 million and$112 million for the same periods in 2017. For more information on PCI write-offs, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Purchased Credit-impaired Loan Portfolio on page 3134.
(3) 
In these states, foreclosure requires a court order following a legal proceeding (judicial states).
(4) 
Amounts exclude the PCI residential mortgage and fully-insured loan portfolios.
(5) 
At both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, 49 percent and 47 percent of PCI residential mortgage loans were in California. There were no other significant single state concentrations.
Home Equity
At March 31,September 30, 2018, the home equity portfolio made up 1211 percent of the consumer portfolio and is comprised of home equity lines of credit (HELOCs), home equity loans and reverse mortgages.
At March 31,September 30, 2018, our HELOC portfolio had an outstanding balance of $49.0$45.9 billion, or 8990 percent of the total home equity portfolio, compared to $51.2 billion, or 89 percent, at December 31, 2017. HELOCs generally have an initial draw period of 10 years, and after the initial draw period ends, the loans generally convert to 15-year amortizing loans.
At March 31,September 30, 2018, our home equity loan portfolio had an outstanding balance of $4.1$3.1 billion, or sevensix percent of the total home equity portfolio, compared to $4.4 billion, or seven percent, at December 31, 2017. Home equity loans are almost all fixed-rate loans with amortizing payment terms of 10 to 30 years, and of the $4.1$3.1 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018, 5860 percent have 25- to 30-year terms. At March 31,September 30, 2018, our reverse mortgage portfolio had an outstanding balance excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option, of $2.2 billion, or four percent of the total home equity portfolio, compared to $2.1 billion, alsoor four percent, at December 31, 2017. We no longer originate reverse mortgages.

At March 31,September 30, 2018, approximately 7072 percent of the home equity portfolio was in Consumer Banking, 2321 percent was in All Other and the remainder of the portfolio was primarily in GWIM. Outstanding balances in the home equity portfolio excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option, decreased $2.4$6.5 billion during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 primarily due to paydowns and charge-offsloan sales of $859 million outpacing new originations and draws on existing lines. Of the total home equity portfolio at March 31,
September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, $18.2$17.6 billion and $18.7 billion, or 3334 percent and 32 percent, were in first-lien positions (34(36 percent for both periodsand 34 percent excluding the PCI home equity portfolio). At March 31,September 30, 2018, outstanding balances in the home equity portfolio that were in a second-lien or more junior-lien position and where we also held the first-lien loan totaled $8.9$8.2 billion, or 17 percent of our total home equity portfolio excluding the PCI loan portfolio.
Unused HELOCs totaled $43.9$43.2 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $44.2 billion at December 31, 2017. The decrease was primarily due to accounts reaching the end of their draw period, which automatically eliminates open line exposure, and customers choosing to close accounts. Both of these more than offset the impact of new production. The HELOC utilization rate was 5352 percent and 54 percent at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Bank of America32


Table 23 presents certain home equity portfolio key credit statistics on both a reported basis excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option, and excluding the PCI loan portfolio and loans accounted for under the fair value option.portfolio. Additionally, in the “Reported Basis” columns in the following table, accruing balances past due 30 days or more and nonperforming loans do not include the PCI loan portfolio, in accordance with our accounting policies, even though the customer may be contractually past due. As such, the following discussion presents the home equity portfolio excluding the PCI loan portfolio and loans accounted for under the fair value option.portfolio. For more information on the PCI loan portfolio, see page 31.

29Bank of America






34.
                        
Table 23Home Equity – Key Credit StatisticsHome Equity – Key Credit Statistics
                        
 
Reported Basis (1)
 
Excluding Purchased
Credit-impaired Loans
(1)
         
Reported Basis (1)
 
Excluding Purchased
Credit-impaired Loans
(1)
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
(Dollars in millions)        September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
OutstandingsOutstandings$55,308
 $57,744
 $52,763
 $55,028
Outstandings        $51,235
 $57,744
 $49,424
 $55,028
Accruing past due 30 days or more (2)
Accruing past due 30 days or more (2)
460
 502
 460
 502
Accruing past due 30 days or more (2)
     404
 502
 404
 502
Nonperforming loans (2)
Nonperforming loans (2)
2,598
 2,644
 2,598
 2,644
Nonperforming loans (2)
        2,226
 2,644
 2,226
 2,644
Percent of portfolioPercent of portfolio       Percent of portfolio               
Refreshed CLTV greater than 90 but less than or equal to 100Refreshed CLTV greater than 90 but less than or equal to 1003% 3% 3% 3%Refreshed CLTV greater than 90 but less than or equal to 100   3 % 3% 2% 3%
Refreshed CLTV greater than 100Refreshed CLTV greater than 1005
 5
 4
 4
Refreshed CLTV greater than 100     4
 5
 3
 4
Refreshed FICO below 620Refreshed FICO below 6206
 6
 6
 6
Refreshed FICO below 620        6
 6
 6
 6
2006 and 2007 vintages (3)
2006 and 2007 vintages (3)
28
 29
 26
 27
2006 and 2007 vintages (3)
       25
 29
 23
 27
                       
Three Months Ended March 31 Reported Basis Excluding Purchased Credit-impaired Loans
2018 2017 2018 2017 Three Months Ended
September 30
 Nine Months Ended
September 30
 Three Months Ended
September 30
 Nine Months Ended
September 30
2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
Net charge-off ratio (4)
Net charge-off ratio (4)
0.23% 0.40% 0.24% 0.42%
Net charge-off ratio (4)
(0.15)% 0.54% 0.03% 0.42% (0.15)% 0.56% 0.03% 0.44%
(1) 
Outstandings, accruing past due, nonperforming loans and percentages of the portfolio exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.
(2) 
Accruing past due 30 days or more includedinclude $5354 million and $67 million and nonperforming loans includedinclude $325270 million and $344 million of loans where we serviced the underlying first-lienfirst lien at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(3) 
These vintages of loans have higher refreshed combined loan-to-value (CLTV) ratios and accounted for 5351 percent and 52 percent of nonperforming home equity loans at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and 89 percent$12 million of net recoveries and $25 million of net charge-offs in bothfor the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, and 2017.$67 million and $170 million of net charge-offs for the same periods in 2017.
(4) 
Net charge-off ratios are calculated as annualized net charge-offs divided by average outstanding loans excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option.
Nonperforming outstanding balances in the home equity portfolio decreased $46$418 million during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 as outflows, including $12$154 million of sales, outpaced new inflows. Of the nonperforming home equity portfolio at March 31,September 30, 2018, $1.4$1.3 billion, or 5456 percent, were current on contractual payments. Nonperforming loans that are contractually current primarily consist of collateral-dependent TDRs, including those that have been discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy, junior-lien loans where the underlying first-lienfirst lien is 90 days or more past due, as well as loans that have not yet demonstrated a sustained period of payment performance following a TDR. In addition, $690$583 million, or 2726 percent, of nonperforming home equity loans were 180 days or more past due and had been written down to the estimated fair value of the collateral, less costs to sell. Accruing loans that were 30 days or more past due decreased $42$98 million during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018.
In some cases, the junior-lien home equity outstanding balance that we hold is performing, but the underlying first-lienfirst lien is not. For outstanding balances in the home equity portfolio on which we service the first-lien loan, we are able to track whether the first-lien loan is in default. For loans where the first-lienfirst lien is serviced by a third party, we utilize credit bureau data to estimate the delinquency status of the first-lien.first lien. For certain loans, we utilize a third-party vendor to combine credit bureau and public record data to better link a junior-lien loan with the underlying first-lien loan. At March 31,September 30, 2018, we estimate that $776$690 million of current and $121$109 million of 30 to 89 days past due junior-lien loans were behind a delinquent first-lien loan. We service the first-lien loans on $152$149 million of these combined amounts, with the remaining $745$650 million serviced by third parties. Of the $897$799 million of current to 89 days past due junior-lien loans, based on available credit bureau data and our own internal servicing data, we estimate
that approximately $294$225 million had first-lien loans that were 90 days or more past due.
Net charge-offs decreased $31$103 million to $33a $20 million net recovery and $184 million to a $13 million net charge-off for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $64 million for the same periodperiods in 2017 driven by favorable portfolio trends due in part to improvement in home prices and the U.S. economy.
Outstanding balances with a refreshed CLTV greater than 100 percent comprised three percent and four percent of the home equity portfolio at both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Outstanding balances with a refreshed CLTV greater than 100 percent reflect
loans where our loan and available line of credit combined with any outstanding senior liens against the property are equal to or greater than the most recent valuation of the property securing the loan. Depending on the value of the property, there may be collateral in excess of the first-lienfirst lien that is available to reduce the severity of loss on the second-lien.second lien. Of those outstanding balances with a refreshed CLTV greater than 100 percent, 9596 percent of the customers were current on their home equity loan and 91 percent of second-lien loans with a refreshed CLTV greater than 100 percent were current on both their second-lien and underlying first-lien loans at March 31,September 30, 2018.
Of the $52.8$49.4 billion in total home equity portfolio outstandings at March 31,September 30, 2018, as shown in Table 24, 2621 percent require interest-only payments. The outstanding balance of HELOCs that have reached the end of their draw period and have entered the amortization period was $18.6$17.1 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018. The HELOCs that have entered the amortization period have experienced a higher percentage of early stage delinquencies and nonperforming status when compared to the HELOC portfolio as a whole. At March 31,September 30, 2018, $341$302 million, or two percent, of outstanding HELOCs that had entered the amortization period were accruing past due 30 days or more. In addition, at March 31, September 30,

33Bank of America






2018, $2.1$1.9 billion, or 1211 percent, of outstanding HELOCs that had entered the amortization period were nonperforming, of which $1.2$1.1 billion were contractually current. Loans in our HELOC portfolio generally have an initial draw period of 10 years and six percent of these loans will enter the amortization period during the remainder of 2018 and will be required to make fully-amortizing payments. We communicate to contractually current customers more than a year prior to the end of their draw period to inform them of the potential change to the payment structure before entering the amortization period, and provide payment options to customers prior to the end of the draw period.
Although we do not actively track how many of our home equity customers pay only the minimum amount due on their home equity loans and lines, we can infer some of this information through a review of our HELOC portfolio that we service and that is still in its revolving period (i.e., customers may draw on and repay their line of credit, but are generally only required to pay interest on a monthly basis).period. During the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, approximately 27 percent of these customers with an outstanding balance did not pay any principal on their HELOCs.

Bank of America30


Table 24 presents outstandings, nonperforming balances and net charge-offs by certain state concentrations for the home equity
portfolio. In the New York area, the New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island MSA made up 13 percent of the outstanding home equity portfolio at both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. LoansFor the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, loans within this MSA contributed 32 percent$9 million and 20 percent$25 million of net charge-offs within the home equity portfolio compared to $24 million and $52 million for the three
months ended March 31, 2018 andsame periods in 2017. The Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana MSA within California made up 11 percent of the outstanding home equity portfolio at both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. LoansFor the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, loans within this MSA contributed net recoveries of $5$7 million and $4$18 million within the home equity portfolio compared to net recoveries of $7 million and $16 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 andsame periods in 2017.
                            
Table 24Home Equity State ConcentrationsHome Equity State Concentrations    
                            
 
Outstandings (1)
 
Nonperforming (1)
 
Net Charge-offs (2)
 
Outstandings (1)
 
Nonperforming (1)
 
Net Charge-offs (2)
 March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 Three Months Ended March 31 September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 Three Months Ended
September 30
 Nine Months Ended
September 30
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions) 2018 2017(Dollars in millions) 2018 2017 2018 2017
CaliforniaCalifornia$14,506
 $15,145
 $740
 $766
 $(7) $(7)California$13,685
 $15,145
 $650
 $766
 $(20) $(9) $(41) $(24)
Florida (3)
Florida (3)
6,033
 6,308
 432
 411
 10
 11
Florida (3)
5,592
 6,308
 366
 411
 (4) 13
 9
 34
New Jersey (3)
New Jersey (3)
4,333
 4,546
 190
 191
 9
 10
New Jersey (3)
4,005
 4,546
 168
 191
 6
 16
 20
 37
New York (3)
New York (3)
4,024
 4,195
 250
 252
 6
 8
New York (3)
3,732
 4,195
 222
 252
 8
 14
 16
 31
MassachusettsMassachusetts2,645
 2,751
 90
 92
 2
 1
Massachusetts2,471
 2,751
 76
 92
 (1) 5
 2
 7
OtherOther21,222
 22,083
 896
 932
 13
 41
Other19,939
 22,083
 744
 932
 (9) 44
 7
 112
Home equity loans (4)
Home equity loans (4)
$52,763
 $55,028
 $2,598
 $2,644
 $33
 $64
Home equity loans (4)
$49,424

$55,028

$2,226

$2,644

$(20)
$83

$13

$197
Purchased credit-impaired home equity portfolio (5)
Purchased credit-impaired home equity portfolio (5)
2,545
 2,716
  
  
  
  
Purchased credit-impaired home equity portfolio (5)
1,811
 2,716
  
  
  
  
    
Total home equity loan portfolioTotal home equity loan portfolio$55,308
 $57,744
  
  
  
  
Total home equity loan portfolio$51,235
 $57,744
  
  
  
  
    
(1) 
Outstandings and nonperforming loans exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.
(2) 
Net charge-offs excludedexclude $1834 million and $2474 million of write-offs in the home equity PCI loan portfolio for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $11 million and 2017.$49 million for the same periods in 2017. For more information on PCI write-offs, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Purchased Credit-impaired Loan Portfolio.
(3) 
In these states, foreclosure requires a court order following a legal proceeding (judicial states).
(4) 
Amount excludes the PCI home equity portfolio.
(5) 
At both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, 30 percent and 28 percent of PCI home equity loans were in California. There were no other significant single state concentrations.
Purchased Credit-impaired Loan Portfolio
Loans acquired with evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination and for which it is probable at purchase that we will be unable to collect all contractually required payments are accounted for under the accounting standards for PCI loans. For more information, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the
 
Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements.Statements herein.
Table 25 presents the unpaid principal balance, carrying value, related valuation allowance and the net carrying value as a percentage of the unpaid principal balance for the PCI loan portfolio.
                    
Table 25Purchased Credit-impaired Loan PortfolioPurchased Credit-impaired Loan Portfolio
                    
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Gross
Carrying
Value
 Related
Valuation
Allowance
 Carrying Value Net of Valuation Allowance Percent of Unpaid Principal Balance Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Gross
Carrying
Value
 Related
Valuation
Allowance
 
Carrying Value
Net of Valuation Allowance
 Percent of Unpaid Principal Balance
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2018
Residential mortgage (1)
Residential mortgage (1)
$7,698
 $7,590
 $84
 $7,506
 97.51%
Residential mortgage (1)
$5,454
 $5,341
 $51
 $5,290
 96.99%
Home equityHome equity2,614
 2,545
 158
 2,387
 91.32
Home equity1,872
 1,811
 99
 1,712
 91.45
Total purchased credit-impaired loan portfolioTotal purchased credit-impaired loan portfolio$10,312
 $10,135
 $242
 $9,893
 95.94
Total purchased credit-impaired loan portfolio$7,326
 $7,152
 $150
 $7,002
 95.58
                    
 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2017
Residential mortgage (1)
Residential mortgage (1)
$8,117
 $8,001
 $117
 $7,884
 97.13%
Residential mortgage (1)
$8,117
 $8,001
 $117
 $7,884
 97.13%
Home equityHome equity2,787
 2,716
 172
 2,544
 91.28
Home equity2,787
 2,716
 172
 2,544
 91.28
Total purchased credit-impaired loan portfolioTotal purchased credit-impaired loan portfolio$10,904
 $10,717
��$289
 $10,428
 95.63
Total purchased credit-impaired loan portfolio$10,904

$10,717

$289

$10,428
 95.63
(1) 
At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, pay option loans had an unpaid principal balance of $1.3 billion$974 million and $1.4 billion and a carrying value of $1.3 billion$965 million and $1.4 billion. This includes $1.1 billion$852 million and $1.2 billion of loans that were credit-impaired upon acquisition and $119$87 million and $141 million of loans that were 90 days or more past due at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The total unpaid principal balance of pay option loans with accumulated negative amortization was $134$90 million and $160 million, including $7$5 million and $9 million of negative amortization at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

31Bank of America34






The total PCI unpaid principal balance decreased $592 million,$3.6 billion, or five33 percent, during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 primarily driven by payoffs, paydowns, write-offs and PCI loan sales with a carrying value of $109 million$2.1 billion compared to no sales duringof $742 million for the same period in 2017.
Of the unpaid principal balance of $10.3$7.3 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018, $9.3$6.5 billion, or 9089 percent, was current based on the contractual terms, $608$464 million, or six percent, was in early stage delinquency, and $314$252 million was 180 days or more past due, including $253$210 million of first-lien mortgages and $61$42 million of home equity loans.
The PCI residential mortgage loan and home equity portfolios represented 75 percent and 25 percent of the total PCI loan portfolio at March 31,September 30, 2018. Those loans to borrowers with a refreshed FICO score below 620 represented 2422 percent and 1716 percent of the PCI residential mortgage loan and home equity portfolios at March 31,September 30, 2018. Residential mortgage and home equity loans with a refreshed LTV or CLTV greater than 90 percent, after consideration of purchase accounting adjustments and the related valuation allowance, represented 1412 percent and 3429 percent of their respective PCI loan portfolios and 1513 percent and 3632 percent based on the unpaid principal balance at March 31,September 30, 2018.

 
U.S. Credit Card
At March 31,September 30, 2018, 97 percent of the U.S. credit card portfolio was managed in Consumer Banking with the remainder in GWIM. Outstandings in the U.S. credit card portfolio decreased $3.3$1.5 billion to $93.0$94.8 billion during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 due to paydowns and a seasonal decline in purchase volumes.volume, as well as a portfolio transfer of approximately $600 million to held for sale in the first quarter. Net charge-offs increased $95$86 million to $701$698 million duringand $280 million to $2.1 billion for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to the same periodperiods in 2017 due to portfolio seasoning and loan growth. U.S. credit card loans 30 days or more past due and still accruing interest decreased $52$42 million during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 from seasonal declines whiledriven by a reduction in 2017 hurricane-related delinquencies, and loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest increased $25 million, driven by the same factors as described for net charge-offs.decreased $28 million.
Unused lines of credit for U.S. credit card totaled $334.1$337.9 billion and $326.3 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The increase was driven by a seasonal decrease in line utilization due to a decrease in transaction volume as well as account growth and lines of credit increases.
Table 26 presents certain state concentrations for the U.S. credit card portfolio.
                            
Table 26U.S. Credit Card State ConcentrationsU.S. Credit Card State Concentrations    
                            
 Outstandings 
Accruing Past Due
90 Days or More
 Net Charge-Offs Outstandings 
Accruing Past Due
90 Days or More
 Net Charge-offs
 March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 Three Months Ended March 31 September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 Three Months Ended
September 30
 Nine Months Ended
September 30
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions) 2018 2017(Dollars in millions) 2018 2017 2018 2017
CaliforniaCalifornia$14,841
 $15,254
 $141
 $136
 $116
 $96
California$15,304
 $15,254
 $141
 $136
 $119
 $104
 $357
 $303
FloridaFlorida8,174
 8,359
 116
 94
 77
 67
Florida8,408
 8,359
 102
 94
 80
 58
 248
 195
TexasTexas7,303
 7,451
 79
 76
 56
 47
Texas7,448
 7,451
 75
 76
 54
 46
 169
 143
New YorkNew York5,796
 5,977
 91
 91
 70
 45
New York5,886
 5,977
 74
 91
 66
 59
 208
 155
WashingtonWashington4,153
 4,350
 22
 20
 15
 14
Washington4,329
 4,350
 20
 20
 15
 13
 47
 41
OtherOther52,747
 54,894
 476
 483
 367
 337
Other53,454
 54,894
 460
 483
 364
 332
 1,109
 1,021
Total U.S. credit card portfolioTotal U.S. credit card portfolio$93,014
 $96,285
 $925
 $900
 $701
 $606
Total U.S. credit card portfolio$94,829

$96,285

$872

$900

$698

$612

$2,138

$1,858
Direct/Indirect and Other Consumer
At March 31,September 30, 2018, approximately 5455 percent of the direct/indirect portfolio was included in Consumer Banking (consumer auto and specialty lending – automotive, marine, aircraft, recreational vehicle loans and consumer personal loans) and 4645 percent was included in GWIM (principally securities-based lending loans). At March 31, 2018, approximately 95 percent of the $2.9 billion other consumer portfolio was consumer auto leases included in Consumer Banking.
Outstandings in the direct/indirect portfolio decreased $2.6$5.0 billion to $91.2$91.3 billion during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 primarily due to lower draws and seasonal utilizationdeclines in the securities-based lending portfolio.due
to higher paydowns, and in our auto portfolio as paydowns outpaced originations. Net charge-offs increased $10decreased $26 million to $58$42 million duringand $7 million to $142 million for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to the same periodperiods in 2017 due largely to portfolio seasoning.clarifying regulatory guidance related to bankruptcy and repossession issued during 2017.
Table 27 presents certain state concentrations for the direct/indirect consumer loan portfolio.
                            
Table 27Direct/Indirect State ConcentrationsDirect/Indirect State Concentrations    
                            
 Outstandings Accruing Past Due
90 Days or More
 Net Charge-Offs Outstandings Accruing Past Due
90 Days or More
 Net Charge-offs
 March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 Three Months Ended March 31 September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 Three Months Ended
September 30
 Nine Months Ended
September 30
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions) 2018 2017(Dollars in millions) 2018 2017 2018 2017
CaliforniaCalifornia$11,659
 $12,502
 $3
 $3
 $6
 $5
California$11,868
 $12,897
 $3
 $3
 $5
 $7
 $16
 $14
FloridaFlorida10,612
 10,946
 5
 5
 9
 9
Florida10,242
 11,184
 4
 5
 9
 15
 28
 31
TexasTexas10,338
 10,623
 4
 5
 9
 10
Texas9,951
 10,676
 6
 5
 6
 13
 22
 29
New YorkNew York5,907
 6,058
 2
 2
 3
 1
New York6,403
 6,557
 2
 2
 2
 2
 7
 3
Georgia3,483
 3,502
 4
 4
 4
 3
New JerseyNew Jersey3,306
 3,449
 1
 1
 
 
 2
 2
OtherOther49,214
 50,199
 20
 21
 27
 20
Other49,568
 51,579
 19
 24
 20
 31
 67
 70
Total direct/indirect loan portfolioTotal direct/indirect loan portfolio$91,213
 $93,830
 $38
 $40
 $58
 $48
Total direct/indirect loan portfolio$91,338

$96,342

$35

$40

$42

$68

$142

$149

35Bank of America32






Nonperforming Consumer Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity
Table 28 presents nonperforming consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties activity duringfor the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017. For more information on nonperforming loans, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements.Statements herein. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, nonperforming consumer loans declined $260$860 million to $4.9$4.3 billion primarily driven by loan sales of $269$531 million.
At March 31,September 30, 2018, $1.5$1.3 billion, or 31 percent, of nonperforming loans were 180 days or more past due and had been written down to their estimated property value less costs tosell. In addition, at March 31,September 30, 2018, $2.2$2.1 billion, or 4548 percent, of nonperforming consumer loans were modified and are now current after successful trial periods, or are current loans classified as nonperforming loans in accordance with applicable policies.
Foreclosed properties increased $28$29 million to $264$265 million during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 as additions
 
outpaced liquidations. PCI loans are excluded from nonperforming loans as these loans were written down to fair value at the acquisition date; however, once we acquire the underlying real estate upon foreclosure of the delinquent PCI loan, it is included in foreclosed properties. Certain delinquent government-guaranteed loans (principally FHA-insured loans) are excluded from our nonperforming loans and foreclosed properties activity as we expect we will be reimbursed once the property is conveyed to the guarantor for principal and, up to certain limits, costs incurred during the foreclosure process and interest accrued during the holding period.
We classify junior-lien home equity loans as nonperforming when the first-lien loan becomes 90 days past due even if the junior-lien loan is performing. At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, $294$225 million and $330 million of such junior-lien home equity loans were included in nonperforming loans and leases.
Nonperforming loans also include certain loans that have been modified in TDRs where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. Nonperforming TDRs, excluding those modified loans in the PCI loan portfolio, are included in Table 28.
            
Table 28
Nonperforming Consumer Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity (1)
   Nonperforming Consumer Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity    
            
 Three Months Ended March 31 Three Months Ended
September 30
 Nine Months Ended
September 30
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)2018 2017(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017
Nonperforming loans and leases, January 1$5,166
 $6,004
Nonperforming loans and leases, beginning of periodNonperforming loans and leases, beginning of period$4,639
 $5,282
 $5,166
 $6,004
AdditionsAdditions812
 818
Additions484
 999
 1,895
 2,499
Reductions:Reductions:   Reductions:       
Paydowns and payoffsPaydowns and payoffs(245) (296)Paydowns and payoffs(238) (253) (744) (811)
SalesSales(269) (142)Sales(145) (162) (531) (423)
Returns to performing status (2)(1)
Returns to performing status (2)(1)
(364) (386)
Returns to performing status (2)(1)
(309) (347) (1,009) (1,101)
Charge-offsCharge-offs(147) (174)Charge-offs(89) (210) (350) (551)
Transfers to foreclosed propertiesTransfers to foreclosed properties(45) (57)Transfers to foreclosed properties(36) (57) (119) (167)
Transfers to loans held-for-saleTransfers to loans held-for-sale(2) (221)Transfers to loans held-for-sale
 
 (2) (198)
Total net reductions to nonperforming loans and leasesTotal net reductions to nonperforming loans and leases(260) (458)Total net reductions to nonperforming loans and leases(333)
(30)
(860)
(752)
Total nonperforming loans and leases, March 31 (3)
4,906
 5,546
Foreclosed properties, March 31 (4)
264
 328
Nonperforming consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties, March 31$5,170
 $5,874
Total nonperforming loans and leases, September 30 Total nonperforming loans and leases, September 30 4,306

5,252

4,306

5,252
Foreclosed properties, September 30 (2)
Foreclosed properties, September 30 (2)
265
 259
 265
 259
Nonperforming consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties, September 30Nonperforming consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties, September 30$4,571

$5,511

$4,571

$5,511
Nonperforming consumer loans and leases as a percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases (5)(3)
Nonperforming consumer loans and leases as a percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases (5)(3)
1.10% 1.23%
Nonperforming consumer loans and leases as a percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases (5)(3)
0.97% 1.17%    
Nonperforming consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties as a percentage of outstanding consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties (5)(3)
Nonperforming consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties as a percentage of outstanding consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties (5)(3)
1.16
 1.30
Nonperforming consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties as a percentage of outstanding consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties (5)(3)
1.03
 1.23
    
(1)
Balances do not include nonperforming LHFS of $4 million and $179 million and nonaccruing TDRs removed from the PCI loan portfolio prior to January 1, 2010 of $24 million and $28 million at March 31, 2018 and 2017 as well as loans accruing past due 90 days or more as presented in Table 18 and Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(2) 
Consumer loans may be returned to performing status when all principal and interest is current and full repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest is expected, or when the loan otherwise becomes well-secured and is in the process of collection.
(3)
At March 31, 2018, 31 percent of nonperforming loans were 180 days or more past due.
(4)(2) 
Foreclosed property balances do not include properties insured by certain government-guaranteed loans, principally FHA-insured, of $680$500 million and $1.1 billion$879 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017.
(5)(3) 
Outstanding consumer loans and leases exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.
Table 29 presents TDRs for the consumer real estate portfolio. Performing TDR balances are excluded from nonperforming loans and leases in Table 28.
                        
Table 29Consumer Real Estate Troubled Debt RestructuringsConsumer Real Estate Troubled Debt Restructurings
                        
 March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)Nonperforming Performing Total Nonperforming Performing Total(Dollars in millions)Nonperforming Performing Total Nonperforming Performing Total
Residential mortgage (1, 2, 3)
$1,425
 $6,594
 $8,019
 $1,535
 $8,163
 $9,698
Residential mortgage (1, 2)
Residential mortgage (1, 2)
$1,295
 $5,703
 $6,998
 $1,535
 $8,163
 $9,698
Home equity (4)(3)
Home equity (4)(3)
1,444
 1,409
 2,853
 1,457
 1,399
 2,856
Home equity (4)(3)
1,308
 1,369
 2,677
 1,457
 1,399
 2,856
Total consumer real estate troubled debt restructuringsTotal consumer real estate troubled debt restructurings$2,869
 $8,003
 $10,872
 $2,992
 $9,562
 $12,554
Total consumer real estate troubled debt restructurings$2,603

$7,072

$9,675

$2,992

$9,562

$12,554
(1) 
At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, residential mortgage TDRs deemed collateral dependent totaled $1.81.7 billion and $2.8 billion, and included $1.11.0 billion and $1.2 billion of loans classified as nonperforming and $709668 million and $1.6 billion of loans classified as performing.
(2) 
Residential mortgage performing TDRs included $3.53.0 billion and $3.7 billion of loans that were fully-insured at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(3)
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Corporation transferred impaired residential mortgage loans with a carrying value of $1.2 billion to held for sale.
(4) 
Home equity TDRs deemed collateral dependent totaled $1.61.5 billion for both periodsand $1.6 billion and included$1.1 billion and $1.2 billion for both periods of loans classified as nonperforming at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and $389363 million and $388 million of loans classified as performing at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.performing.

33Bank of America36






In addition to modifying consumer real estate loans, we work with customers who are experiencing financial difficulty by modifying credit card and other consumer loans. Credit card and other consumer loan modifications generally involve a reduction in the customer’s interest rate on the account and placing the customer on a fixed payment plan not exceeding 60 months, all of which are considered TDRs (the renegotiated TDR portfolio).
Modifications of credit card and other consumer loans are made through renegotiation programs utilizing direct customer contact, but may also utilize external renegotiation programs. The renegotiated TDR portfolio is excluded in large part from Table 28 as substantially all of the loans remain on accrual status until either charged off or paid in full. At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, our renegotiated TDR portfolio was $501$541 million and $490 million, of which $433$465 million and $426 million were current or less than 30 days past due under the modified terms. The increase in the renegotiated TDR portfolio was primarily driven by new renegotiated enrollments outpacing the run off of existing portfolios. For more information on the renegotiated TDR portfolio, see Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management
Commercial credit risk is evaluated and managed with the goal that concentrations of credit exposure do not result in undesirable levels of risk.continue to be aligned with our risk appetite. We review, measure and manage concentrations of credit exposure by industry, product, geography, customer relationship and loan size. We also review, measure and manage commercial real estate loans by geographic location and property type. In addition, within our non-U.S. portfolio, we evaluate exposures by region and by country. Tables 34, 37 and 4241 summarize our concentrations. We also utilize syndications of exposure to third parties, loan sales, hedging and other risk
mitigation techniques to manage the size and risk profile of the
commercial credit portfolio. For more information on our industry concentrations, see Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Industry Concentrations on page 3741 and Table 37.
For more information on our accounting policies regarding nonperforming status, net charge-offs and delinquencies for the commercial portfolio, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Commercial Credit Portfolio
During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, credit quality among large corporate borrowers was strong, and there was continued improvement in the energy portfolio. Credit quality of commercial real estate borrowers continued to be strongin most sectors remained stable with conservative LTV ratios, stable market rents in most sectors and vacancy rates that remain low.
Total commercial utilized credit exposure increased $8.9 billiondecreased $895 million during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 primarily driven by increasesdecreases in derivative assetsloans held-for-sale (LHFS) and loansdebt securities and leases,other investments, partially offset by decreasesan increase in LHFS.derivative assets. The utilization rate for loans and leases, standby letters of credit (SBLCs) and financial guarantees, and commercial letters of credit, in the aggregate, was 58 percent and 59 percent at March 31,both September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
Table 30 presents commercial credit exposure by type for utilized, unfunded and total binding committed credit exposure. Commercial utilized credit exposure includes SBLCs and financial guarantees and commercial letters of credit that have been issued and for which we are legally bound to advance funds under prescribed conditions during a specified time period, and excludes exposure related to trading account assets. Although funds have not yet been advanced, these exposure types are considered utilized for credit risk management purposes.
                        
Table 30Commercial Credit Exposure by TypeCommercial Credit Exposure by Type
                        
 
Commercial Utilized (1)
 
Commercial Unfunded (2, 3, 4)
 Total Commercial Committed 
Commercial Utilized (1)
 
Commercial Unfunded (2, 3, 4)
 Total Commercial Committed
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
(Dollars in millions)September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
Loans and leases (5)
Loans and leases (5)
$492,900
 $487,748
 $375,888
 $364,743
 $868,788
 $852,491
Loans and leases (5)
$489,368
 $487,748
 $369,332
 $364,743
 $858,700
 $852,491
Derivative assets (6)
Derivative assets (6)
47,869
 37,762
 
 
 47,869
 37,762
Derivative assets (6)
45,617
 37,762
 
 
 45,617
 37,762
Standby letters of credit and financial guaranteesStandby letters of credit and financial guarantees33,969
 34,517
 583
 863
 34,552
 35,380
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees33,271
 34,517
 524
 863
 33,795
 35,380
Debt securities and other investmentsDebt securities and other investments26,998
 28,161
 4,461
 4,864
 31,459
 33,025
Debt securities and other investments25,636
 28,161
 4,692
 4,864
 30,328
 33,025
Loans held-for-saleLoans held-for-sale5,653
 10,257
 16,887
 9,742
 22,540
 19,999
Loans held-for-sale3,737
 10,257
 16,171
 9,742
 19,908
 19,999
Commercial letters of creditCommercial letters of credit1,351
 1,467
 117
 155
 1,468
 1,622
Commercial letters of credit1,336
 1,467
 296
 155
 1,632
 1,622
OtherOther948
 888
 
 
 948
 888
Other940
 888
 
 
 940
 888
Total $609,688
 $600,800
 $397,936
 $380,367
 $1,007,624
 $981,167
 $599,905
 $600,800
 $391,015
 $380,367
 $990,920
 $981,167
(1) 
Commercial utilized exposure includes loans of $5.15.0 billion and $4.8 billion and issued letters of credit with a notional amount of $19355 million and $232 million accounted for under the fair value option at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(2) 
Commercial unfunded exposure includes commitments accounted for under the fair value option with a notional amount of $4.23.1 billion and $4.6 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(3) 
Excludes unused business card lines, which are not legally binding.
(4) 
Includes the notional amount of unfunded legally binding lending commitments net of amounts distributed (i.e., syndicated or participated) to other financial institutions. The distributed amounts were $10.910.8 billion and $11.0 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(5) 
Includes credit risk exposure associated with assets under operating lease arrangements of $6.2$6.1 billion and $6.3 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(6) 
Derivative assets are carried at fair value, reflect the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements and have been reduced by cash collateral of $36.532.0 billion and $34.6 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Not reflected in utilized and committed exposure is additional non-cash derivative collateral held of $36.935.7 billion and $26.2 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, which consists primarily of other marketable securities.
Outstanding commercial loans and leases increased $5.2$1.8 billion during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 primarily due to growth in commercial and industrial loans. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, reservable criticized balances decreased $197 million to $13.4 billion primarily driven by improvements in the energy sector, while nonperforming commercial loans and leases, excluding loans accounted for under
the fair value option, increased $168 million to $1.5 billion.real estate portfolio. The allowance for loan and lease losses for the commercial portfolio was unchanged at $5.0decreased $256 million to $4.8 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018. For more information, see Allowance for Credit Losses on page 41.44. Table 31 presents our commercial loans and leases portfolio and related credit quality information at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

37Bank of America34






                        
Table 31Commercial Credit QualityCommercial Credit Quality
    
 Outstandings Nonperforming 
Accruing Past Due
90 Days or More
 Outstandings Nonperforming 
Accruing Past Due
90 Days or More
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
(Dollars in millions)September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
Commercial and industrial:Commercial and industrial:           Commercial and industrial:           
U.S. commercialU.S. commercial$288,476
 $284,836
 $1,059
 $814
 $98
 $144
U.S. commercial$285,662
 $284,836
 $699
 $814
 $114
 $144
Non-U.S. commercialNon-U.S. commercial97,365
 97,792
 255
 299
 
 3
Non-U.S. commercial96,002
 97,792
 31
 299
 
 3
Total commercial and industrialTotal commercial and industrial385,841
 382,628
 1,314
 1,113
 98
 147
Total commercial and industrial381,664
 382,628
 730
 1,113
 114
 147
Commercial real estate (1)
Commercial real estate (1)
60,085
 58,298
 73
 112
 13
 4
Commercial real estate (1)
60,835
 58,298
 46
 112
 1
 4
Commercial lease financingCommercial lease financing21,764
 22,116
 27
 24
 8
 19
Commercial lease financing21,546
 22,116
 14
 24
 33
 19
467,690
 463,042
 1,414
 1,249
 119
 170
464,045
 463,042
 790
 1,249
 148
 170
U.S. small business commercial (2)
U.S. small business commercial (2)
13,892
 13,649
 58
 55
 76
 75
U.S. small business commercial (2)
14,234
 13,649
 58
 55
 73
 75
Commercial loans excluding loans accounted for under the fair value optionCommercial loans excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option481,582
 476,691
 1,472
 1,304
 195
 245
Commercial loans excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option478,279
 476,691
 848
 1,304
 221
 245
Loans accounted for under the fair value option (3)
Loans accounted for under the fair value option (3)
5,095
 4,782
 12
 43
 
 
Loans accounted for under the fair value option (3)
4,976
 4,782
 
 43
 
 
Total commercial loans and leasesTotal commercial loans and leases$486,677
 $481,473
 $1,484
 $1,347
 $195
 $245
Total commercial loans and leases$483,255
 $481,473
 $848
 $1,347
 $221
 $245
(1) 
Includes U.S. commercial real estate of $55.656.9 billion and $54.8 billion and non-U.S. commercial real estate of $4.53.9 billion and $3.5 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(2) 
Includes card-related products.
(3) 
Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option include U.S. commercial of $3.23.6 billion and $2.6 billion and non-U.S. commercial of $1.91.4 billion and $2.2 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. For more information on the fair value option, see Note 15 – Fair Value Option to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Table 32 presents net charge-offs and related ratios for our commercial loans and leases for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017. Net charge-offs declined $26 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.
                        
Table 32Commercial Net Charge-offs and Related RatiosCommercial Net Charge-offs and Related Ratios
               
 Net Charge-offs 
Net Charge-off Ratios (1)
 Net Charge-offs 
Net Charge-off Ratios (1)
 Three Months Ended March 31 Three Months Ended
September 30
 Nine Months Ended
September 30
 Three Months Ended
September 30
 Nine Months Ended
September 30
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
Commercial and industrial:Commercial and industrial:       Commercial and industrial:               
U.S. commercialU.S. commercial$24
 $44
 0.03 % 0.06 %U.S. commercial$70
 $80
 $172
 $176
 0.10% 0.11% 0.08% 0.09%
Non-U.S. commercialNon-U.S. commercial4
 15
 0.02
 0.07
Non-U.S. commercial25
 33
 48
 94
 0.10
 0.14
 0.07
 0.14
Total commercial and industrialTotal commercial and industrial28
 59
 0.03
 0.07
Total commercial and industrial95
 113
 220
 270
 0.10
 0.12
 0.08
 0.10
Commercial real estateCommercial real estate(3) (4) (0.02) (0.03)Commercial real estate2
 2
 3
 3
 0.02
 0.02
 0.01
 0.01
Commercial lease financingCommercial lease financing(1) 
 (0.01) 
Commercial lease financing
 (1) 
 
 
 (0.02) 
 
 24
 55
 0.02
 0.05
 97
 114
 223
 273
 0.08
 0.10
 0.06
 0.08
U.S. small business commercialU.S. small business commercial57
 52
 1.67
 1.61
U.S. small business commercial59
 55
 180
 160
 1.67
 1.61
 1.72
 1.60
Total commercialTotal commercial$81
 $107
 0.07
 0.10
Total commercial$156
 $169
 $403
 $433
 0.13
 0.14
 0.11
 0.13
(1) 
Net charge-off ratios are calculated as annualized net charge-offs divided by average outstanding loans and leases excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option.
Table 33 presents commercial utilized reservable criticized utilized exposure by loan type. Criticized exposure corresponds to the Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful asset categories as defined by regulatory authorities. Total commercial utilized reservable criticized utilized exposure decreased $197 million,$2.0 billion, or one14 percent, during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 primarily driven by upgrades and paydowns inbroad-based improvements including the energy portfolio. Approximately 86sector. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, 87 percent and 84 percent of commercial utilized reservable criticized utilized exposure was secured at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.secured.
                
Table 33Commercial Utilized Reservable Criticized Exposure
Commercial Reservable Criticized Utilized Exposure (1, 2)
        
 
Amount (1)
 
Percent (2)
 
Amount (1)
 
Percent (2)
        
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Commercial and industrial:
U.S. commercialU.S. commercial$9,874
 3.12% $9,891
 3.15%U.S. commercial$8,631
 2.75% $9,891
 3.15%
Non-U.S. commercialNon-U.S. commercial1,719
 1.66
 1,766
 1.70
Non-U.S. commercial1,298
 1.27
 1,766
 1.70
Total commercial and industrialTotal commercial and industrial11,593
 2.76
 11,657
 2.79
Total commercial and industrial9,929
 2.39
 11,657
 2.79
Commercial real estateCommercial real estate523
 0.85
 566
 0.95
Commercial real estate565
 0.91
 566
 0.95
Commercial lease financingCommercial lease financing489
 2.25
 581
 2.63
Commercial lease financing373
 1.73
 581
 2.63
 12,605
 2.50
 12,804
 2.57
 10,867
 2.18
 12,804
 2.57
U.S. small business commercialU.S. small business commercial761
 5.48
 759
 5.56
U.S. small business commercial730
 5.13
 759
 5.56
Total commercial utilized reservable criticized exposure$13,366
 2.58
 $13,563
 2.65
Total commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure (1)
Total commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure (1)
$11,597
 2.26
 $13,563
 2.65
(1) 
Total commercial utilized reservable criticized utilized exposure includes loans and leases of $12.310.7 billion and $12.5 billion and commercial letters of credit of $866 million and $1.1 billion at both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(2) 
Percentages are calculated as commercial utilized reservable criticized utilized exposure divided by total commercial reservable utilized reservable exposure for each exposure category.

35Bank of America38






Commercial and Industrial
Commercial and industrial loans include U.S. commercial and non-U.S. commercial portfolios.
U.S. Commercial
At March 31,September 30, 2018, 7069 percent of the U.S. commercial loan portfolio, excluding small business, was managed in Global Banking, 1716 percent in Global Markets, 12 percent in GWIM (generally business-purpose loans for high net worth clients) and the remainder primarily in Consumer Banking. U.S. commercial loans excluding loans accounted for underremained relatively unchanged during the fair value option, increased $3.6nine months ended September 30, 2018. Reservable criticized utilized exposure decreased $1.3 billion, or one13 percent, during the three months ended March 31, 2018 due to growth across most of the commercial businesses. Nonperforming loans and leases increased $245 million, or 30 percent, during the three months ended March 31, 2018 driven by a small number of client downgrades across industries. Reservable criticized balances decreased $17 million, or less than one percent. Net charge-offs decreased $20 million forbroad-based improvements including the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.energy sector.
Non-U.S. Commercial
At March 31,September 30, 2018, 7980 percent of the non-U.S. commercial loan portfolio was managed in Global Banking and 2120 percent in Global Markets. Outstanding loans excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option, decreased $427 million$1.8 billion during the threenine months ended March 31, 2018. NonperformingSeptember 30, 2018 driven by paydowns primarily in Global Markets. Reservable criticized utilized exposure decreased $468 million, or 27 percent, and nonperforming loans and leases decreased $44$268 million, or 1590 percent, due primarily to paydowns and reservable criticized balances decreased $47 million, or three percent. Net charge-offs decreased $11 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 to $4 million.sales. For moreadditional information on the non-U.S. commercial portfolio, see Non-U.S. Portfolio on page 40.43.
Commercial Real Estate
Commercial real estate primarily includes commercial loans and leases secured by non-owner-occupied real estate and is
dependent on the sale or lease of the real estate as the primary source of repayment. The portfolio remains diversified across property types and geographic regions. California represented the largest state concentration at 23 percent of the commercial real estate loans and leases portfolio at both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The commercial real estate portfolio is predominantly managed in Global Banking and consists of loans made primarily to public and private developers, and commercial real estate firms. Outstanding loans increased $1.8$2.5 billion, or threefour percent, during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 to $60.1$60.8 billion due to new originations, including higher hold levels on syndicated loans, outpacing paydowns.
For the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, we continued to see low default rates and solid credit quality in both the residential and non-residential portfolios. We use a number of proactive risk mitigation initiatives to reduce adversely rated exposure in the commercial real estate portfolio, including transfers of deteriorating exposures to management by independent special asset officers and the pursuit of loan restructurings or asset sales to achieve the best results for our customers and the Corporation.
Nonperforming commercial real estate loans and foreclosed properties decreased $39$88 million, or 2454 percent, during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 to $125$76 million at March 31,September 30, 2018, and reservable criticized balances decreased $43 million, or eight percent, to $523 million primarily due to loan paydowns. Net recoveries were $3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $4 million for the same period in 2017.
Table 34 presents outstanding commercial real estate loans by geographic region, based on the geographic location of the collateral, and by property type.
        
Table 34Outstanding Commercial Real Estate LoansOutstanding Commercial Real Estate Loans
        
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
(Dollars in millions)September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
By Geographic Region By Geographic Region  
  
By Geographic Region  
  
CaliforniaCalifornia$14,059
 $13,607
California$14,227
 $13,607
NortheastNortheast9,898
 10,072
Northeast10,954
 10,072
SouthwestSouthwest7,092
 6,970
Southwest7,374
 6,970
SoutheastSoutheast5,708
 5,487
Southeast5,718
 5,487
MidwestMidwest3,883
 3,769
Midwest3,916
 3,769
FloridaFlorida3,425
 3,170
Florida3,559
 3,170
IllinoisIllinois2,970
 3,263
MidsouthMidsouth3,386
 2,962
Midsouth2,917
 2,962
Illinois2,838
 3,263
NorthwestNorthwest2,487
 2,657
Northwest2,290
 2,657
Non-U.S. Non-U.S. 4,506
 3,538
Non-U.S. 3,937
 3,538
Other (1)
Other (1)
2,803
 2,803
Other (1)
2,973
 2,803
Total outstanding commercial real estate loansTotal outstanding commercial real estate loans$60,085
 $58,298
Total outstanding commercial real estate loans$60,835
 $58,298
By Property TypeBy Property Type 
  
By Property Type 
  
Non-residentialNon-residential   Non-residential   
OfficeOffice$17,442
 $16,718
Office$17,680
 $16,718
Shopping centers / RetailShopping centers / Retail8,927
 8,825
Shopping centers / Retail8,752
 8,825
Multi-family rentalMulti-family rental8,401
 8,280
Multi-family rental8,180
 8,280
Hotels / MotelsHotels / Motels6,410
 6,344
Hotels / Motels6,944
 6,344
Industrial / WarehouseIndustrial / Warehouse5,948
 6,070
Industrial / Warehouse5,364
 6,070
UnsecuredUnsecured3,039
 2,187
Unsecured3,146
 2,187
Multi-useMulti-use2,445
 2,771
Multi-use2,390
 2,771
Land and land developmentLand and land development149
 160
Land and land development140
 160
OtherOther6,101
 5,485
Other6,642
 5,485
Total non-residentialTotal non-residential58,862
 56,840
Total non-residential59,238
 56,840
ResidentialResidential1,223
 1,458
Residential1,597
 1,458
Total outstanding commercial real estate loansTotal outstanding commercial real estate loans$60,085
 $58,298
Total outstanding commercial real estate loans$60,835
 $58,298
(1) 
Includes unsecured loans to real estate investment trusts and national home builders whose portfolios of properties span multiple geographic regions and properties in the states of Colorado, Utah, Hawaii, Wyoming and Montana.

Bank of America36


U.S. Small Business Commercial
The U.S. small business commercial loan portfolio is comprised of small business card loans and small business loans managed in Consumer Banking. Credit card-related products were 51 percent and 50 percent of the U.S. small business commercial portfolio at both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Net charge-offs were $57 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $52 million for the same period in 2017. Of the U.S. small business commercial net charge-offs, 95 percent and 94 percent were credit card-related products for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to 8892 percent and 90 percent for the same periodperiods in 2017.

39Bank of America






Nonperforming Commercial Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity
Table 35 presents the nonperforming commercial loans, leases and foreclosed properties activity during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017. Nonperforming loans do not include loans accounted for under the fair value option. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, nonperforming commercial loans and leases increased $168decreased $456 million to $1.5 billion. Approximately 83$848
million. At September 30, 2018, 96 percent of commercial nonperforming loans, leases and foreclosed properties were secured and approximately 5546 percent were contractually current. Commercial nonperforming loans were carried at approximately 8982 percent of their unpaid principal balance before consideration of the allowance for loan and lease losses as the carrying value of these loans has been reduced to the estimated propertycollateral value less costs to sell.
            
Table 35
Nonperforming Commercial Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity (1, 2)
Nonperforming Commercial Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity (1, 2)
    
        
 Three Months Ended March 31 Three Months Ended
September 30
 Nine Months Ended
September 30
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)2018 2017(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017
Nonperforming loans and leases, January 1$1,304
 $1,703
Nonperforming loans and leases, beginning of periodNonperforming loans and leases, beginning of period$1,258
 $1,520
 $1,304
 $1,703
AdditionsAdditions436
 472
Additions235
 412
 915
 1,172
Reductions:Reductions:   
Reductions:   
    
PaydownsPaydowns(169) (267)Paydowns(287) (270) (649) (803)
SalesSales(24) (22)Sales(130) (61) (204) (116)
Returns to performing status (3)
Returns to performing status (3)
(27) (54)
Returns to performing status (3)
(95) (100) (213) (240)
Charge-offsCharge-offs(48) (82)Charge-offs(116) (145) (276) (312)
Transfers to foreclosed propertiesTransfers to foreclosed properties
 (22)Transfers to foreclosed properties(12) 
 (12) (27)
Total net additions to nonperforming loans and leases168
 25
Total nonperforming loans and leases, March 311,472
 1,728
Foreclosed properties, March 3152
 35
Nonperforming commercial loans, leases and foreclosed properties, March 31$1,524
 $1,763
Transfers to loans held-for-saleTransfers to loans held-for-sale(5) (38) (17) (59)
Total net reductions to nonperforming loans and leasesTotal net reductions to nonperforming loans and leases(410) (202) (456) (385)
Total nonperforming loans and leases, September 30Total nonperforming loans and leases, September 30848
 1,318
 848
 1,318
Foreclosed properties, September 30Foreclosed properties, September 3030
 40
 30
 40
Nonperforming commercial loans, leases and foreclosed properties, September 30Nonperforming commercial loans, leases and foreclosed properties, September 30$878
 $1,358
 $878
 $1,358
Nonperforming commercial loans and leases as a percentage of outstanding commercial loans and leases (4)
Nonperforming commercial loans and leases as a percentage of outstanding commercial loans and leases (4)
0.31% 0.38%
Nonperforming commercial loans and leases as a percentage of outstanding commercial loans and leases (4)
0.18% 0.28%    
Nonperforming commercial loans, leases and foreclosed properties as a percentage of outstanding commercial loans, leases and foreclosed properties (4)
Nonperforming commercial loans, leases and foreclosed properties as a percentage of outstanding commercial loans, leases and foreclosed properties (4)
0.32
 0.39
Nonperforming commercial loans, leases and foreclosed properties as a percentage of outstanding commercial loans, leases and foreclosed properties (4)
0.18
 0.29
    
(1) 
Balances do not include nonperforming LHFS of $228$177 million and $246$322 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017.
(2) 
Includes U.S. small business commercial activity. Small business card loans are excluded as they are not classified as nonperforming.
(3) 
Commercial loans and leases may be returned to performing status when all principal and interest is current and full repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest is expected, or when the loan otherwise becomes well-secured and is in the process of collection. TDRs are generally classified as performing after a sustained period of demonstrated payment performance.
(4) 
Outstanding commercial loans exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.
Table 36 presents our commercial TDRs by product type and performing status. U.S. small business commercial TDRs are comprised of renegotiated small business card loans and small business loans. The renegotiated small business card loans are not classified as nonperforming as they are charged off no later than the end of the month in which the loan becomes 180 days past due. For more information on TDRs, see Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
                        
Table 36Commercial Troubled Debt RestructuringsCommercial Troubled Debt Restructurings
    
 March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)Nonperforming Performing Total Nonperforming Performing Total(Dollars in millions)Nonperforming Performing Total Nonperforming Performing Total
Commercial and industrial:
U.S. commercialU.S. commercial$432
 $919
 $1,351
 $370
 $866
 $1,236
U.S. commercial$285
 $1,058
 $1,343
 $370
 $866
 $1,236
Non-U.S. commercialNon-U.S. commercial224
 220
 444
 11
 219
 230
Non-U.S. commercial9
 204
 213
 11
 219
 230
Total commercial and industrialTotal commercial and industrial656
 1,139
 1,795
 381
 1,085
 1,466
Total commercial and industrial294
 1,262
 1,556
 381
 1,085
 1,466
Commercial real estateCommercial real estate18
 3
 21
 38
 9
 47
Commercial real estate4
 6
 10
 38
 9
 47
Commercial lease financingCommercial lease financing4
 11
 15
 5
 13
 18
Commercial lease financing2
 72
 74
 5
 13
 18
678
 1,153
 1,831
 424
 1,107
 1,531
300
 1,340
 1,640
 424
 1,107
 1,531
U.S. small business commercialU.S. small business commercial4
 16
 20
 4
 15
 19
U.S. small business commercial4
 18
 22
 4
 15
 19
Total commercial troubled debt restructuringsTotal commercial troubled debt restructurings$682
 $1,169
 $1,851
 $428
 $1,122
 $1,550
Total commercial troubled debt restructurings$304
 $1,358
 $1,662
 $428
 $1,122
 $1,550

Bank of America40


Industry Concentrations
Table 37 presents commercial committed and utilized credit exposure by industry and the total net credit default protection purchased to cover the funded and unfunded portions of certain credit exposures. Our commercial credit exposure is diversified across a broad range of industries. Total commercial committed exposure increased $26.5$9.8 billion, or threeone percent, during the three
nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 to $1.0 trillion.$990.9 billion. The increase in commercial committed exposure was concentrated in the Asset Managers and Funds, Real Estate, Capital Goods Materials and MediaFood, Beverage and Tobacco industry sectors. Increases were partially offset by reduced exposure to the Food and Staples Retailing, Media and RetailingGlobal Commercial Banks industry sectors.

37Bank of America






Industry limits are used internally to manage industry concentrations and are based on committed exposure that is allocated on an industry-by-industry basis. A risk management framework is in place to set and approve industry limits as well as to provide ongoing monitoring. The Management Risk Committee oversees industry limit governance.
Asset Managers and Funds, our largest industry concentration with committed exposure of $103.5$103.1 billion, increased $12.4$12.0 billion, or 1413 percent, during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018. The increase primarily reflectedchange reflects an increase in exposure to several counterparties.
Real Estate, our second largest industry concentration with committed exposure of $88.8$90.7 billion, increased $5.0$6.9 billion, or sixeight percent, during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018. For more information on the commercial real estate and related portfolios, see Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Commercial Real Estate on page 36.39.
Capital Goods, our third largest industry concentration with committed exposure of $73.7$74.7 billion, increased $3.2$4.3 billion, or fivesix percent, during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018. The increase in committed exposure occurred primarily as a result of increases in aerospacelarge conglomerates, as well as trading companies and defense and large conglomerates.distributors, partially offset by a decrease in machinery companies.
Our energy-related committed exposure decreased $1.2$2.3 billion, or threesix percent, during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 to $35.6$34.5 billion. Energy sector net charge-offs were $11$34 million for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $3$131 million for the same period in 2017. Energy sector reservable criticized exposure decreased $228$745 million during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 to $1.4 billion$875 million due to improvement in credit quality of some borrowers coupled with exposure reductions. The energy allowance for credit losses decreased $75$225 million during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 to $485$335 million.
                
Table 37
Commercial Credit Exposure by Industry (1)
Commercial Credit Exposure by Industry (1)
                
 
Commercial
Utilized
 
Total Commercial
Committed (2)
 
Commercial
Utilized
 
Total Commercial
Committed (2)
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
(Dollars in millions)September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
Asset managers and fundsAsset managers and funds$70,819
 $59,190
 $103,466
 $91,092
Asset managers and funds$68,733
 $59,190
 $103,066
 $91,092
Real estate (3)
Real estate (3)
64,507
 61,940
 88,750
 83,773
Real estate (3)
64,460
 61,940
 90,664
 83,773
Capital goodsCapital goods39,560
 36,705
 73,650
 70,417
Capital goods40,327
 36,705
 74,720
 70,417
Government and public educationGovernment and public education44,436
 48,684
 55,296
 58,067
Healthcare equipment and servicesHealthcare equipment and services37,456
 37,780
 58,960
 57,256
Healthcare equipment and services34,943
 37,780
 54,889
 57,256
Government and public education47,499
 48,684
 57,269
 58,067
Finance companiesFinance companies31,984
 34,050
 52,392
 53,107
Finance companies33,549
 34,050
 53,375
 53,107
MaterialsMaterials26,213
 24,001
 50,569
 47,386
Materials25,727
 24,001
 49,461
 47,386
RetailingRetailing25,679
 26,117
 45,241
 48,796
Retailing25,714
 26,117
 47,823
 48,796
Food, beverage and tobaccoFood, beverage and tobacco22,351
 23,252
 44,620
 42,815
Food, beverage and tobacco23,199
 23,252
 45,166
 42,815
Consumer servicesConsumer services27,160
 27,191
 43,005
 43,605
Consumer services24,975
 27,191
 42,276
 43,605
Media13,089
 19,155
 36,778
 33,955
Commercial services and suppliesCommercial services and supplies22,686
 22,100
 36,387
 35,496
Commercial services and supplies21,861
 22,100
 37,644
 35,496
EnergyEnergy15,888
 16,345
 35,564
 36,765
Energy16,319
 16,345
 34,462
 36,765
TransportationTransportation21,887
 21,704
 30,694
 29,946
MediaMedia10,581
 19,155
 28,523
 33,955
Global commercial banksGlobal commercial banks28,142
 29,491
 30,218
 31,764
Global commercial banks25,471
 29,491
 27,752
 31,764
Transportation21,652
 21,704
 30,121
 29,946
UtilitiesUtilities11,515
 11,342
 28,639
 27,935
Utilities11,496
 11,342
 27,495
 27,935
Individuals and trustsIndividuals and trusts19,276
 18,549
 25,161
 25,097
Individuals and trusts18,706
 18,549
 25,332
 25,097
Technology hardware and equipmentTechnology hardware and equipment10,116
 10,728
 21,691
 22,071
Technology hardware and equipment10,054
 10,728
 21,759
 22,071
Pharmaceuticals and biotechnologyPharmaceuticals and biotechnology7,430
 5,653
 19,396
 18,623
Vehicle dealersVehicle dealers15,930
 16,896
 19,128
 20,361
Consumer durables and apparelConsumer durables and apparel9,432
 8,859
 18,129
 17,296
Software and servicesSoftware and services7,971
 8,562
 20,757
 18,202
Software and services7,489
 8,562
 16,558
 18,202
Vehicle dealers16,621
 16,896
 20,409
 20,361
Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology4,785
 5,653
 20,116
 18,623
Consumer durables and apparel9,286
 8,859
 18,535
 17,296
Automobiles and componentsAutomobiles and components7,097
 5,988
 13,993
 13,318
Automobiles and components6,990
 5,988
 14,271
 13,318
InsuranceInsurance6,230
 6,411
 12,853
 12,990
Insurance5,818
 6,411
 13,785
 12,990
Telecommunication servicesTelecommunication services6,234
 6,389
 12,823
 13,108
Telecommunication services6,837
 6,389
 12,786
 13,108
Food and staples retailingFood and staples retailing5,298
 4,955
 11,452
 15,589
Food and staples retailing4,840
 4,955
 10,100
 15,589
Religious and social organizationsReligious and social organizations3,823
 4,454
 5,697
 6,318
Religious and social organizations3,705
 4,454
 5,586
 6,318
Financial markets infrastructure (clearinghouses)Financial markets infrastructure (clearinghouses)1,499
 688
 3,261
 2,403
Financial markets infrastructure (clearinghouses)1,111
 688
 2,906
 2,403
OtherOther5,252
 3,621
 5,247
 3,616
Other7,885
 3,621
 7,878
 3,616
Total commercial credit exposure by industryTotal commercial credit exposure by industry$609,688
 $600,800
 $1,007,624
 $981,167
Total commercial credit exposure by industry$599,905
 $600,800
 $990,920
 $981,167
Net credit default protection purchased on total commitments (4)
Net credit default protection purchased on total commitments (4)
 
  
 $(2,194) $(2,129)
Net credit default protection purchased on total commitments (4)
 
  
 $(2,197) $(2,129)
(1) 
Includes U.S. small business commercial exposure.
(2) 
Includes the notional amount of unfunded legally binding lending commitments net of amounts distributed (i.e., syndicated or participated) to other financial institutions. The distributed amounts were $10.9$10.8 billion and $11.0 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(3) 
Industries are viewed from a variety of perspectives to best isolate the perceived risks. For purposes of this table, the real estate industry is defined based on the borrowers’ or counterparties’ primary business activity of the borrowers or counterparties using operating cash flows and primary source of repayment as key factors.
(4) 
Represents net notional credit protection purchased. For more information, see Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Risk Mitigation.

41Bank of America






Risk Mitigation
We purchase credit protection to cover the funded portion as well as the unfunded portion of certain credit exposures. To lower the cost of obtaining our desired credit protection levels, we may add credit exposure within an industry, borrower or counterparty group by selling protection.
At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, net notional credit default protection purchased in our credit derivatives portfolio to hedge our funded and unfunded exposures for which we elected the fair value option, as well as certain other credit exposures, was $2.2 billion and $2.1 billion. We recorded net losses of $9$33 million and $43 million for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to net losses of $31$10 million and $57 million for the same periodperiods in 2017 on these

Bank of America38


positions. The gains and losses on these instruments were offset by gains and losses on the related exposures. The Value-at-Risk
(VaR) results for these exposures are included in the fair value option portfolio information in Table 45.44. For more information, see Trading Risk Management on page 43.47.
Tables 38 and 39 present the maturity profiles and the credit exposure debt ratings of the net credit default protection portfolio at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
        
Table 38Net Credit Default Protection by MaturityNet Credit Default Protection by Maturity
        
March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
Less than or equal to one yearLess than or equal to one year40% 42%Less than or equal to one year33% 42%
Greater than one year and less than or equal to five yearsGreater than one year and less than or equal to five years53
 58
Greater than one year and less than or equal to five years61
 58
Greater than five yearsGreater than five years7
 
Greater than five years6
 
Total net credit default protectionTotal net credit default protection100% 100%Total net credit default protection100% 100%
                
Table 39Net Credit Default Protection by Credit Exposure Debt RatingNet Credit Default Protection by Credit Exposure Debt Rating
                
 
Net
Notional
(1)
 Percent of
Total
 
Net
Notional
(1)
 Percent of
Total
 
Net
Notional
(1)
 Percent of
Total
 
Net
Notional
(1)
 Percent of
Total
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Ratings (2, 3)
Ratings (2, 3)
 
  
  
  
Ratings (2, 3)
 
  
  
  
AA$(375) 17.1% $(280) 13.2%A$(546) 24.9% $(280) 13.2%
BBBBBB(326) 14.9
 (459) 21.6
BBB(259) 11.8
 (459) 21.6
BBBB(1,152) 52.5
 (893) 41.9
BB(794) 36.1
 (893) 41.9
BB(208) 9.5
 (403) 18.9
B(373) 17.0
 (403) 18.9
CCC and belowCCC and below(118) 5.4
 (84) 3.9
CCC and below(198) 9.0
 (84) 3.9
NR (4)
NR (4)
(15) 0.6
 (10) 0.5
NR (4)
(27) 1.2
 (10) 0.5
Total net credit default protectionTotal net credit default protection$(2,194) 100.0% $(2,129) 100.0%Total net credit default protection$(2,197) 100.0% $(2,129) 100.0%
(1) 
Represents net credit default protection purchased.
(2) 
Ratings are refreshed on a quarterly basis.
(3) 
Ratings of BBB- or higher are considered to meet the definition of investment grade.
(4) 
NR is comprised of index positions held and any names that have not been rated.
In addition to our net notional credit default protection purchased to cover the funded and unfunded portion of certain credit exposures, credit derivatives are used for market-making activities for clients and establishing positions intended to profit from directional or relative value changes. We execute the majority of our credit derivative trades in the OTC market with large, multinational financial institutions, including broker-dealers and,
to a lesser degree, with a variety of other investors. Because these transactions are executed in the OTC market, we are subject to settlement risk. We are also subject to credit risk in the event that these counterparties fail to perform under the terms of these contracts. In most cases, credit derivative transactions are executed on a daily margin basis. Therefore, events such as a credit downgrade, depending on the ultimate rating level, or a breach of credit covenants would typically require an increase in the amount of collateral required by the counterparty, where applicable, and/or allow us to take additional protective measures such as early termination of all trades.
Table 40 presents the total contract/notional amount of credit derivatives outstanding and includes both purchased and written credit derivatives. The credit risk amounts are measured as net asset exposure by counterparty, taking into consideration all contracts with the counterparty. For more information on our written credit derivatives, see Note 3 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The credit risk amounts discussed above and presented in Table 40 take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements while amounts disclosed in Note 3 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements are shown on a gross basis. Credit risk reflects the potential benefit from offsetting exposure to non-credit derivative products with the same counterparties that may be netted upon the occurrence of certain events, thereby reducing our overall exposure.
        
Table 40Credit DerivativesCredit Derivatives
        
 Contract/
Notional
 Credit Risk Contract/
Notional
 Credit Risk
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018
(Dollars in billions)(Dollars in billions)September 30, 2018
Purchased credit derivatives:Purchased credit derivatives: 
  
Purchased credit derivatives: 
  
Credit default swapsCredit default swaps$484,071
 $2,383
Credit default swaps$430.3
 $2.2
Total return swaps/optionsTotal return swaps/options67,587
 298
Total return swaps/options64.6
 0.5
Total purchased credit derivativesTotal purchased credit derivatives$551,658
 $2,681
Total purchased credit derivatives$494.9
 $2.7
Written credit derivatives:Written credit derivatives: 
  
Written credit derivatives: 
  
Credit default swapsCredit default swaps$457,370
 n/a
Credit default swaps$398.2
 n/a
Total return swaps/optionsTotal return swaps/options65,220
 n/a
Total return swaps/options62.5
 n/a
Total written credit derivativesTotal written credit derivatives$522,590
 n/a
Total written credit derivatives$460.7
 n/a
        
 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2017
Purchased credit derivatives:Purchased credit derivatives: 
  
Purchased credit derivatives: 
  
Credit default swapsCredit default swaps$470,907
 $2,434
Credit default swaps$470.9
 $2.4
Total return swaps/optionsTotal return swaps/options54,135
 277
Total return swaps/options54.1
 0.3
Total purchased credit derivativesTotal purchased credit derivatives$525,042
 $2,711
Total purchased credit derivatives$525.0
 $2.7
Written credit derivatives:Written credit derivatives: 
  
Written credit derivatives: 
  
Credit default swapsCredit default swaps$448,201
 n/a
Credit default swaps$448.2
 n/a
Total return swaps/optionsTotal return swaps/options55,223
 n/a
Total return swaps/options55.2
 n/a
Total written credit derivativesTotal written credit derivatives$503,424
 n/a
Total written credit derivatives$503.4
 n/a
n/a = not applicable
Counterparty Credit Risk Valuation Adjustments
We record counterparty credit risk valuation adjustments on certain derivative assets, including our credit default protection purchased, in order to properly reflect the credit risk of the counterparty, as presented in Table 41. We calculate credit valuation adjustments (CVA) based on a modeled expected exposure that incorporates current market risk factors including changes in market spreads and non-credit related market factors that affect the value of a derivative. The exposure also takes into consideration credit mitigants such as legally enforceable master netting agreements and collateral.counterparty. For more information, see Note 3 – Derivativesto the Consolidated Financial Statements herein and Note 2 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
We enter into risk management activities to offset market driven exposures. We often hedge the counterparty spread risk in CVA with credit default swaps (CDS). We hedge other market risks in CVA primarily with currency and interest rate swaps. In certain instances, the net-of-hedge amounts in the following table move in the same direction as the gross amount or may move in the opposite direction. This movement is a consequenceStatements of the complex interaction of the risks being hedged, resulting in limitations in the ability to perfectly hedge all of the market exposures at all times.
         
Table 41Credit Valuation Gains and Losses
     
  Three Months Ended March 31
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017
Gains (Losses)GrossHedgeNet GrossHedgeNet
Credit valuation$(24)$42
$18
 $161
$(135)$26
Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.


39Bank of America42






Non-U.S. Portfolio
Our non-U.S. credit and trading portfolios are subject to country risk. We define country risk as the risk of loss from unfavorable economic and political conditions, currency fluctuations, social instability and changes in government policies. A risk management framework is in place to measure, monitor and manage non-U.S. risk and exposures. In addition to the direct risk of doing business in a country, we also are exposed to indirect country risks (e.g., related to the collateral received on secured financing transactions or related to client clearing activities). These indirect exposures are managed in the normal course of business through credit, market and operational risk governance, rather than through country risk governance.
Table 4241 presents our 20 largest non-U.S. country exposures as of March 31,at September 30, 2018. These exposures accounted for 8790 percent and 86 percent of our total non-U.S. exposure at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Net country exposure for these 20 countries increased $27.4$45.5 billion in the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, primarily driven by increasesincreased placements with central banks in the U.K., GermanyJapan and Japan.Germany.
 
Non-U.S. exposure is presented on an internal risk management basis and includes sovereign and non-sovereign credit exposure, securities and other investments issued by or domiciled in countries other than the U.S.
Funded loans and loan equivalents include loans, leases, and other extensions of credit and funds, including letters of credit and due from placements. Unfunded commitments are the undrawn portion of legally binding commitments related to loans and loan equivalents. Net counterparty exposure includes the fair value of derivatives, including the counterparty risk associated with CDS,credit default swaps, and secured financing transactions. Securities and other investments are carried at fair value and long securities exposures are netted against short exposures with the same underlying issuer to, but not below, zero. Net country exposure represents country exposure less hedges and credit default protection purchased, net of credit default protection sold. For more information on our non-U.S. credit and trading portfolios, see Non-U.S. Portfolio in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
                                
Table 42Top 20 Non-U.S. Countries Exposure
Table 41Top 20 Non-U.S. Countries Exposure
                                
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)Funded Loans and Loan Equivalents Unfunded Loan Commitments Net Counterparty Exposure 
Securities/
Other
Investments
 Country Exposure at March 31
2018
 Hedges and Credit Default Protection Net Country Exposure at March 31
2018
 Increase (Decrease) from December 31
2017
(Dollars in millions)Funded Loans and Loan Equivalents Unfunded Loan Commitments Net Counterparty Exposure 
Securities/
Other
Investments
 Country Exposure at September 30
2018
 Hedges and Credit Default Protection Net Country Exposure at September 30
2018
 Increase (Decrease) from December 31
2017
United KingdomUnited Kingdom$26,362
 $18,105
 $6,710
 $1,478
 $52,655
 $(5,714) $46,941
 $9,346
United Kingdom$39,114
 $15,034
 $5,601
 $1,111
 $60,860
 $(3,757) $57,103
 $19,508
GermanyGermany18,749
 8,751
 1,590
 1,766
 30,856
 (3,250) 27,606
 6,103
Germany26,417
 6,278
 2,428
 789
 35,912
 (3,499) 32,413
 10,910
JapanJapan17,109
 2,280
 1,397
 2,781
 23,567
 (1,418) 22,149
 13,059
CanadaCanada7,262
 7,373
 1,838
 2,020
 18,493
 (844) 17,649
 (1,074)Canada7,515
 6,944
 1,669
 2,682
 18,810
 (462) 18,348
 (375)
FranceFrance6,654
 5,590
 2,935
 3,347
 18,526
 (3,429) 15,097
 4,554
ChinaChina13,118
 940
 1,293
 1,255
 16,606
 (282) 16,324
 399
China12,307
 377
 1,096
 866
 14,646
 (292) 14,354
 (1,571)
Japan12,992
 639
 1,318
 473
 15,422
 (1,472) 13,950
 4,860
France5,539
 5,818
 2,436
 3,070
 16,863
 (5,098) 11,765
 1,222
NetherlandsNetherlands7,220
 2,044
 817
 1,306
 11,387
 (922) 10,465
 1,998
AustraliaAustralia5,188
 3,524
 589
 1,550
 10,851
 (612) 10,239
 (350)
BrazilBrazil6,779
 811
 326
 2,323
 10,239
 (391) 9,848
 (868)
IndiaIndia7,332
 357
 344
 3,366
 11,399
 (78) 11,321
 824
India6,656
 513
 343
 2,205
 9,717
 (104) 9,613
 (884)
Brazil7,309
 1,078
 606
 2,796
 11,789
 (532) 11,257
 541
Australia5,422
 2,879
 566
 1,618
 10,485
 (431) 10,054
 (535)
Netherlands6,897
 2,332
 769
 1,287
 11,285
 (1,785) 9,500
 1,033
South KoreaSouth Korea5,561
 613
 684
 1,554
 8,412
 (284) 8,128
 227
Hong KongHong Kong7,388
 188
 559
 1,051
 9,186
 (79) 9,107
 429
Hong Kong6,144
 216
 475
 1,289
 8,124
 (34) 8,090
 (588)
South Korea5,054
 609
 632
 2,736
 9,031
 (357) 8,674
 773
SwitzerlandSwitzerland4,951
 2,966
 215
 229
 8,361
 (1,122) 7,239
 1,442
Switzerland4,752
 3,128
 331
 199
 8,410
 (1,030) 7,380
 1,583
SingaporeSingapore3,488
 153
 591
 2,316
 6,548
 (76) 6,472
 209
Singapore3,305
 142
 602
 1,739
 5,788
 (71) 5,717
 (546)
MexicoMexico3,088
 1,954
 112
 248
 5,402
 (485) 4,917
 (570)Mexico3,349
 1,450
 99
 684
 5,582
 (151) 5,431
 (56)
BelgiumBelgium3,444
 1,029
 124
 407
 5,004
 (509) 4,495
 530
United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates2,895
 154
 142
 107
 3,298
 (17) 3,281
 (106)
SpainSpain2,618
 1,062
 193
 1,440
 5,313
 (730) 4,583
 1,475
Spain2,470
 990
 144
 860
 4,464
 (1,379) 3,085
 (23)
Belgium2,741
 968
 112
 1,077
 4,898
 (411) 4,487
 522
TaiwanTaiwan1,741
 13
 405
 597
 2,756
 
 2,756
 44
ItalyItaly2,947
 1,491
 520
 825
 5,783
 (1,350) 4,433
 187
Italy2,256
 1,007
 615
 527
 4,405
 (1,679) 2,726
 (1,520)
United Arab Emirates2,824
 349
 273
 60
 3,506
 (42) 3,464
 77
Turkey2,707
 83
 49
 321
 3,160
 (12) 3,148
 159
Total top 20 non-U.S. countries exposureTotal top 20 non-U.S. countries exposure$148,788
 $58,095
 $20,726
 $29,432
 $257,041
 $(24,150) $232,891
 $27,422
Total top 20 non-U.S. countries exposure$170,876
 $52,137
 $20,822
 $26,923
 $270,758
 $(20,040) $250,718
 $45,526
A number of economic conditions and geopolitical events have given rise to risk aversion in certain emerging markets. Our largest emerging market country exposure at March 31,September 30, 2018 was China, with net exposure of $16.3$14.4 billion, concentrated in large state-owned companies, subsidiaries of multinational corporations and commercial banks. At March 31, 2018, net exposure to Brazil was $11.3 billion, concentrated in sovereign securities, oil and gas companies and commercial banks.
The outlook for policy direction and therefore economic performance in the EU remains uncertain as a consequence of
reduced political cohesion among EU countries. Additionally, we believe that the uncertainty in the U.K.’s ability to negotiate a favorable exit from the EU will further weigh on economic
performance. Our largest EU country exposure at March 31,September 30, 2018 was the U.K. with net exposure of $46.9$57.1 billion, a $9.3$19.5 billion increase from December 31, 2017. The increase was driven by corporate loan growth and increased placements with the central bank as part of liquidity management. For more information, see Executive Summary – First Quarter 2018 Economic
Markets have reacted negatively to the escalating tensions between the U.S. and Business Environment on page 3.several key trading partners. We are closely monitoring our exposures to tariff-sensitive industries and our international exposure, particularly to countries that account for a large percentage of U.S. trade.


43Bank of America40






Provision for Credit Losses
The provision for credit losses remained relatively unchanged at $834decreased $118 million to $716 million, and $18 million to $2.4 billion for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to the same periodperiods in 2017. The provision for credit losses was $77$216 million and $462 million lower than net charge-offs for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, resulting in a reductiondecrease in the allowance for credit losses. This compared to a reduction of $99$66 million and $347 million in the allowance for credit losses for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017.
The provision for credit losses for the consumer portfolio decreased $24$20 million to $748$710 million, and increased $107 million to $2.2 billion for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to the same periodperiods in 2017. The decrease in the three-month period was primarily driven by a lower reserve build in the U.S. credit card portfolio. The increase in the nine-month period was primarily driven by portfolio seasoning and loan growth in the U.S. credit card portfolio and a slower pace of improvement in the consumer real estate portfolio, including a benefit of $11 million related to the PCI loan portfolio compared to an expense of $68 million for the same period in 2017. Provision related to the credit card and other consumer portfolio increased $33 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 due to U.S. credit card portfolio seasoning and loan growth, partially offset by the impact of the sale of the non-U.S. consumer credit card business in the second quarter of 2017. Included in the provision is an expense of $53 million and $28 million related to the PCI loan portfolio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to an expense of $12 million and $56 million for the same periods in 2017.
The provision for credit losses for the commercial portfolio, including unfunded lending commitments, increased $23decreased $98 million to $86$6 million, and $125 million to $162 million for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to the same periodperiods in 20172017. The decrease for both periods was primarily driven by loan growth.improvement in asset quality in the commercial portfolio including energy exposures.
Allowance for Credit Losses
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
The allowance for loan and lease losses is comprised of two components. The first component covers nonperforming commercial loans and TDRs. The second component covers loans and leases on which there are incurred losses that are not yet individually identifiable, as well as incurred losses that may not be represented in the loss forecast models. We evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for loan and lease losses based on the total of these two components. The allowance for loan and lease losses excludes LHFS and loans accounted for under the fair value option as the fair value reflects a credit risk component. For more information on the allowance for loan and lease losses, see Allowance for Credit Losses in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, the factors that impacted the allowance for loan and lease losses included improvementsimprovement in the credit quality of the consumer real estate portfolios driven by continuing improvements in the U.S.
economy and strong labor markets, proactive credit risk management initiatives and the impact of high credit quality originations. Evidencing the improvements in the U.S. economy and strong labor
markets are low levels of unemployment and increases in home prices. In addition to these improvements, in the consumer portfolio, nonperforming consumer loans decreased $260$860 million in the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 as returns to performing status, paydowns, loan sales paydowns and charge-offs continued to outpace new nonaccrual loans. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, the allowance for loan and lease losses in the commercial portfolio reflected decreased energy reserves primarily driven by reductionsimprovement in energy exposures including utilized reservable criticized utilized exposures.
The allowance for loan and lease losses for the consumer portfolio, as presented in Table 44,43, was $5.3$5.0 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018, a decrease of $133$403 million from December 31, 2017. The decrease was primarily in the consumer real estate portfolio, partially offset by an increase in the U.S. credit card portfolio. The reduction in the allowance for the consumer real estate portfolio was due to improved home prices, lower nonperforming loans and a decrease in loan balances in our non-core portfolio. The increase in the allowance for the U.S. credit card portfolio was driven by portfolio seasoning.
The allowance for loan and lease losses for the commercial portfolio, as presented in Table 44,43, was $5.0$4.8 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018, unchangeda decrease of $256 million from December 31, 2017.2017 primarily driven by improvement in energy exposures. Commercial utilized reservable criticized utilized exposure decreased to $13.4$11.6 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 from $13.6 billion (to 2.582.26 percent from 2.65 percent of total commercial reservable utilized reservable exposure) at December 31, 2017, largely due to an improvement indriven by broad-based improvements including the energy exposures.sector. Nonperforming commercial loans increaseddecreased to $1.5 billion$848 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 from $1.3 billion (to 0.310.18 percent from 0.27 percent of outstanding commercial loans excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option) at December 31, 2017 with the increase spread across multiple industries.2017. See Tables 31, 32 and 33 for more details on key commercial credit statistics.
The allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding was 1.111.05 percent at March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to 1.12 percent at December 31, 2017.
Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments
In addition to the allowance for loan and lease losses, we also estimate probable losses related to unfunded lending commitments such as letters of credit, financial guarantees, unfunded bankers’ acceptances and binding loan commitments, excluding commitments accounted for under the fair value option. For more information on the reserve for unfunded lending commitments, see Allowance for Credit Losses in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The reserve for unfunded lending commitments was $782$792 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $777 million at December 31, 2017.


41Bank of America44






Table 4342 presents a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses, which includes the allowance for loan and lease losses and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments, for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017.
            
Table 43Allowance for Credit Losses   
Table 42Allowance for Credit Losses       
            
 Three Months Ended March 31 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)2018 2017(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017
Allowance for loan and lease losses, January 1 (1)
$10,393
 $11,237
Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of periodAllowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period$10,050
 $10,875
 $10,393
 $11,237
Loans and leases charged offLoans and leases charged off   Loans and leases charged off       
Residential mortgageResidential mortgage(56) (61)Residential mortgage(45) (51) (137) (157)
Home equityHome equity(118) (143)Home equity(110) (180) (329) (476)
U.S. credit cardU.S. credit card(824) (718)U.S. credit card(826) (727) (2,515) (2,198)
Non-U.S. credit card (2)

 (59)
Non-U.S. credit card (1)
Non-U.S. credit card (1)

 
 
 (103)
Direct/Indirect consumerDirect/Indirect consumer(133) (114)Direct/Indirect consumer(120) (136) (376) (358)
Other consumerOther consumer(49) (55)Other consumer(46) (56) (140) (160)
Total consumer charge-offsTotal consumer charge-offs(1,180) (1,150)Total consumer charge-offs(1,147) (1,150) (3,497) (3,452)
U.S. commercial (3)(2)
U.S. commercial (3)(2)
(108) (137)
U.S. commercial (3)(2)
(161) (171) (437) (449)
Non-U.S. commercialNon-U.S. commercial(7) (20)Non-U.S. commercial(25) (34) (61) (100)
Commercial real estateCommercial real estate(2) (4) (9) (12)
Commercial lease financingCommercial lease financing(1) (3)Commercial lease financing(1) (3) (6) (9)
Total commercial charge-offsTotal commercial charge-offs(116) (160)Total commercial charge-offs(189) (212) (513) (570)
Total loans and leases charged offTotal loans and leases charged off(1,296) (1,310)Total loans and leases charged off(1,336) (1,362) (4,010) (4,022)
Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged offRecoveries of loans and leases previously charged off   Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off       
Residential mortgageResidential mortgage62
 44
Residential mortgage33
 133
 124
 241
Home equityHome equity85
 79
Home equity130
 97
 316
 279
U.S. credit cardU.S. credit card123
 112
U.S. credit card128
 115
 377
 340
Non-U.S. credit card (2)

 15
Non-U.S. credit card (1)
Non-U.S. credit card (1)

 
 
 28
Direct/Indirect consumerDirect/Indirect consumer75
 66
Direct/Indirect consumer78
 68
 234
 209
Other consumerOther consumer5
 7
Other consumer2
 6
 10
 46
Total consumer recoveriesTotal consumer recoveries350
 323
Total consumer recoveries371
 419
 1,061
 1,143
U.S. commercial (4)
27
 41
U.S. commercial (3)
U.S. commercial (3)
32
 36
 85
 113
Non-U.S. commercialNon-U.S. commercial3
 5
Non-U.S. commercial
 1
 13
 6
Commercial real estateCommercial real estate3
 4
Commercial real estate
 2
 6
 9
Commercial lease financingCommercial lease financing2
 3
Commercial lease financing1
 4
 6
 9
Total commercial recoveriesTotal commercial recoveries35
 53
Total commercial recoveries33
 43
 110
 137
Total recoveries of loans and leases previously charged offTotal recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off385
 376
Total recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off404
 462
 1,171
 1,280
Net charge-offsNet charge-offs(911) (934)Net charge-offs(932) (900) (2,839) (2,742)
Write-offs of PCI loansWrite-offs of PCI loans(35) (33)Write-offs of PCI loans(95) (73) (166) (161)
Provision for loan and lease lossesProvision for loan and lease losses829
 840
Provision for loan and lease losses711
 829
 2,362
 2,395
Other (5)
(16) 2
Allowance for loan and lease losses, March 31 (1)
10,260
 11,112
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, January 1777
 762
Other (4)
Other (4)

 (38) (16) (36)
Allowance for loan and lease losses, September 30Allowance for loan and lease losses, September 309,734
 10,693
 9,734
 10,693
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of periodReserve for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period787
 757
 777
 762
Provision for unfunded lending commitmentsProvision for unfunded lending commitments5
 (5)Provision for unfunded lending commitments5
 5
 15
 
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, March 31782
 757
Allowance for credit losses, March 31 (1)
$11,042
 $11,869
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, September 30Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, September 30792
 762
 792
 762
Allowance for credit losses, September 30Allowance for credit losses, September 30$10,526
 $11,455
 $10,526
 $11,455
(1) 
Excludes $242 million and $243 million at March 31, 2017 and January 1, 2017 of allowance for loan and lease lossesRepresents net charge-offs related to the non-U.S. credit card loan portfolio, which was sold in the second quarter of 2017.
(2) 
Represents net
Includes U.S. small business commercial charge-offs relatedof $72 million and $215 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $65 million and $193 million for the non-U.S. credit card loan portfolio. See footnote 1 for more information.same periods in 2017.
(3) 
Includes U.S. small business commercial charge-offsrecoveries of $6813 million and $6435 million for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $10 million and$33 million for the same periods in 2017.
(4)
Includes U.S. small business commercial recoveries of $11 million and $12 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.
(5) 
Primarily represents the net impact of portfolio sales, consolidations and deconsolidations, foreign currency translation adjustments, transfers to held for sale and certain other reclassifications.

45Bank of America42






     
Table 43Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)   
     
  Three Months Ended March 31
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017
Loan and allowance ratios (6):
   
Loans and leases outstanding at March 31 (7)
$928,089
 $908,219
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding at March 31 (7)
1.11% 1.25%
Consumer allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total consumer loans and leases outstanding at March 31 (8)
1.18
 1.36
Commercial allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total commercial loans and leases outstanding at March 31 (9)
1.04
 1.14
Average loans and leases outstanding (7)
$926,297
 $906,585
Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases outstanding (7, 10)
0.40% 0.42%
Annualized net charge-offs and PCI write-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases outstanding (7)
0.41
 0.43
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total nonperforming loans and leases at March 31 (7, 11)
161
 156
Ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses at March 31 to annualized net charge-offs (10)
2.78
 3.00
Ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses at March 31 to annualized net charge-offs and PCI write-offs2.67
 2.90
Amounts included in allowance for loan and lease losses for loans and leases that are excluded from nonperforming loans and leases at March 31 (12)
$3,992
 $4,047
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total nonperforming loans and leases, excluding the allowance for loan and lease losses for loans and leases that are excluded from nonperforming loans and leases at March 31 (7, 12)
98% 100%
         
Table 42Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)       
         
  Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017
Loan and allowance ratios:       
Loans and leases outstanding at September 30 (5)
$924,070
 $920,832
 $924,070
 $920,832
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding at September 30 (5)
1.05% 1.16% 1.05% 1.16%
Consumer allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total consumer loans and leases outstanding at September 30 (6)
1.12
 1.25
 1.12
 1.25
Commercial allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total commercial loans and leases outstanding at September 30 (7)
0.99
 1.08
 0.99
 1.08
Average loans and leases outstanding (5)
$925,091
 $911,945
 $926,664
 $908,670
Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases outstanding (5, 8)
0.40% 0.39% 0.41% 0.40%
Annualized net charge-offs and PCI write-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases outstanding (5)
0.44
 0.42
 0.43
 0.43
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total nonperforming loans and leases at September 30 (5)
189
 163
 189
 163
Ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses at September 30 to annualized net charge-offs (8)
2.63
 3.00
 2.56
 2.92
Ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses at September 30 to annualized net charge-offs and PCI write-offs2.39
 2.77
 2.42
 2.76
Amounts included in allowance for loan and lease losses for loans and leases that are excluded from nonperforming loans and leases at September 30 (9)
$4,027
 $3,880
 $4,027
 $3,880
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total nonperforming loans and leases, excluding the allowance for loan and lease losses for loans and leases that are excluded from nonperforming loans and leases at September 30 (5, 9)
111% 104% 111% 104%
(6)
Loan and allowance ratios for the three months ended March 31, 2017 include $242 million of non-U.S. credit card allowance for loan and lease losses and $9.5 billion of ending non-U.S. credit card loans, which were sold in the second quarter of 2017.
(7)(5) 
Outstanding loan and lease balances and ratios do not include loans accounted for under the fair value option of $6.05.7 billion and $7.56.3 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017. Average loans accounted for under the fair value option were $5.6 billion and $7.65.8 billion for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $6.2 billion and $7.0 billion for the same periods in 2017.
(6)
Excludes consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option of $755 million and $978 million at September 30, 2018 and 2017.
(7)
Excludes commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option of $5.0 billion and $5.3 billion at September 30, 2018 and 2017.
(8) 
Excludes consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option ofNet charge-offs exclude $89495 million and $1.0 billion at March 31, 2018 and 2017.
(9)
Excludes commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option of $5.1 billion and $6.5 billion at March 31, 2018 and 2017.
(10)
Net charge-offs exclude $35 million and $33166 million of write-offs in the PCI loan portfolio for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $73 million and$161 million for the same periods in 2017. For more information on PCI write-offs, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Purchased Credit-impaired Loan Portfolio on page 3134.
(11)
For more information on our definition of nonperforming loans, see page 33 and page 37.
(12)(9) 
Primarily includes amounts allocated to U.S. credit card and unsecured consumer lending portfolios in Consumer Banking and PCI loans and the non-U.S. credit card portfolio in All Other.
For reporting purposes, we allocate the allowance for credit losses across products as presented in Table 44.43.
                        
Table 44Allocation of the Allowance for Credit Losses by Product Type    
Table 43Allocation of the Allowance for Credit Losses by Product Type    
                
Amount 
Percent of
Total
 
Percent of
Loans and
Leases
Outstanding (1)
 Amount 
Percent of
Total
 
Percent of
Loans and
Leases
Outstanding (1)
Amount 
Percent of
Total
 
Percent of
Loans and
Leases
Outstanding (1)
 Amount 
Percent of
Total
 
Percent of
Loans and
Leases
Outstanding (1)
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Allowance for loan and lease lossesAllowance for loan and lease losses 
  
  
  
  
  
Allowance for loan and lease losses 
  
  
  
  
  
Residential mortgageResidential mortgage$611
 5.96% 0.30% $701
 6.74% 0.34%Residential mortgage$500
 5.14% 0.24% $701
 6.74% 0.34%
Home equityHome equity919
 8.96
 1.66
 1,019
 9.80
 1.76
Home equity658
 6.76
 1.28
 1,019
 9.80
 1.76
U.S. credit cardU.S. credit card3,425
 33.38
 3.68
 3,368
 32.41
 3.50
U.S. credit card3,530
 36.26
 3.72
 3,368
 32.41
 3.50
Direct/Indirect consumerDirect/Indirect consumer262
 2.55
 0.29
 262
 2.52
 0.28
Direct/Indirect consumer262
 2.69
 0.29
 264
 2.54
 0.27
Other consumerOther consumer33
 0.32
 1.17
 33
 0.32
 1.22
Other consumer30
 0.31
 n/m
 31
 0.30
 n/m
Total consumerTotal consumer5,250
 51.17
 1.18
 5,383
 51.79
 1.18
Total consumer4,980
 51.16
 1.12
 5,383
 51.79
 1.18
U.S. commercial (2)
U.S. commercial (2)
3,091
 30.12
 1.02
 3,113
 29.95
 1.04
U.S. commercial (2)
2,974
 30.55
 0.99
 3,113
 29.95
 1.04
Non-U.S. commercialNon-U.S. commercial801
 7.81
 0.82
 803
 7.73
 0.82
Non-U.S. commercial687
 7.06
 0.72
 803
 7.73
 0.82
Commercial real estateCommercial real estate953
 9.29
 1.59
 935
 9.00
 1.60
Commercial real estate946
 9.72
 1.56
 935
 9.00
 1.60
Commercial lease financingCommercial lease financing165
 1.61
 0.76
 159
 1.53
 0.72
Commercial lease financing147
 1.51
 0.68
 159
 1.53
 0.72
Total commercialTotal commercial5,010
 48.83
 1.04
 5,010
 48.21
 1.05
Total commercial4,754
 48.84
 0.99
 5,010
 48.21
 1.05
Allowance for loan and lease losses (3)
Allowance for loan and lease losses (3)
10,260
 100.00% 1.11
 10,393
 100.00% 1.12
Allowance for loan and lease losses (3)
9,734
 100.00% 1.05
 10,393
 100.00% 1.12
Reserve for unfunded lending commitmentsReserve for unfunded lending commitments782
     777
    
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments792
     777
    
Allowance for credit lossesAllowance for credit losses$11,042
     $11,170
    Allowance for credit losses$10,526
     $11,170
    
(1) 
Ratios are calculated as allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of loans and leases outstanding excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option. Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option included residential mortgage loans of $523407 million and $567 million and home equity loans of $371348 million and $361 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option included U.S. commercial loans of $3.23.6 billion and $2.6 billion and non-U.S. commercial loans of $1.91.4 billion and $2.2 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(2) 
Includes allowance for loan and lease losses for U.S. small business commercial loans of $446472 million and $439 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(3) 
Includes $242150 million and $289 million of valuation allowance presented with the allowance for loan and lease losses related to PCI loans at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
n/m = not meaningful

Bank of America46


Market Risk Management
For more information on our market risk management process, see Market Risk Management in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Trading Risk Management
To evaluate risk arising from trading activities, the Corporation focuses on the actual and potential volatility of revenues generated by individual positions as well as portfolios of positions.
VaR is a common statistic used to measure market risk as it allows the aggregation of market risk factors, including the effects of portfolio diversification. A VaR model simulates the value of a
portfolio under a range of scenarios in order to generate a distribution of potential gains and losses. VaR represents the loss a portfolio is not expected to exceed more than a certain number of times per period, based on a specified holding period, confidence level and window of historical data. We use one VaR model consistently across the trading portfolios and it uses a historical simulation approach based on a three-year window of historical data. Our primary VaR statistic is equivalent to a 99 percent confidence level. This means that for a VaR with a one-day holding period, there should not be losses in excess of VaR, on average, 99 out of 100 trading days. For more information on our trading risk management process, see Trading Risk

43Bank of America






Management in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Table 4544 presents the total market-based trading portfolio VaR which is the combination of the covered positions trading portfolio and the impact from less liquid trading exposures. For more information on the market risk VaR for trading activities, see Trading Risk Management in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The total market-based portfolio VaR results in Table 4544 include market risk, excluding CVAcredit valuation adjustment (CVA), DVA and DVA,related hedges, to which we are exposed from
all business segments. The majority of this portfolio is within the Global Markets segment. Table 4544 presents period-end, average, high and low daily trading VaR for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, December 31,June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, as well as average daily trading VaR for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and March 31, 2017, using a 99 percent confidence level. The amounts disclosed in Table 44 and Table 45 align to the view of covered positions used in the Basel 3 capital calculations. Foreign exchange and commodity positions are always considered covered positions, regardless of trading or banking treatment for the trade, except for structural foreign currency positions that are excluded with prior regulatory approval.
The average total market-basedcovered positions and less liquid trading positions portfolio VaR increaseddecreased for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to the previous quartersame period in 2017 primarily due to increased exposurean increase in the interest rate and commodities markets.portfolio diversification.
                                                    
Table 45Market Risk VaR for Trading Activities            
Table 44Market Risk VaR for Trading Activities                
      
 Three Months Ended Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30
March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 March 31, 2017 September 30, 2018 June 30, 2018 September 30, 2017 
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions)Period End Average 
High (1)
 
Low (1)
 Period End Average 
High (1)
 
Low (1)
 Period End Average 
High (1)
 
Low (1)
(Dollars in millions)Period End Average 
High (1)
 
Low (1)
 Period End Average 
High (1)
 
Low (1)
 Period End Average 
High (1)
 
Low (1)
 2018 Average 2017 Average
Foreign exchangeForeign exchange$8
 $8
 $12
 $6
 $7
 $7
 $9
 $5
 $23
 $12
 $23
 $5
Foreign exchange$3
 $7
 $12
 $2
 $8
 $10
 $15
 $7
 $6
 $10
 $15
 $5
 $8
 $12
Interest rateInterest rate33
 23
 33
 18
 22
 21
 28
 14
 28
 17
 28
 11
Interest rate22
 26
 36
 16
 27
 23
 32
 15
 15
 21
 41
 14
 24
 20
CreditCredit28
 27
 31
 23
 29
 27
 33
 21
 26
 26
 29
 22
Credit24
 24
 30
 20
 30
 25
 30
 20
 24
 25
 29
 23
 25
 25
EquityEquity16
 19
 28
 14
 19
 19
 24
 14
 24
 19
 30
 14
Equity17
 18
 27
 13
 24
 16
 26
 11
 17
 17
 33
 12
 18
 18
Commodity10
 6
 12
 3
 5
 4
 6
 3
 6
 4
 7
 3
CommoditiesCommodities7
 6
 8
 5
 7
 9
 14
 4
 4
 5
 7
 4
 7
 5
Portfolio diversificationPortfolio diversification(57) (49) 
 
 (49) (48) 
 
 (58) (45) 
 
Portfolio diversification(47) (52) 
 
 (65) (55) 
 
 (40) (44) 
 
 (52) (45)
Total covered positions trading portfolio38
 34
 43
 25
 33
 30
 38
 23
 49
 33
 49
 25
Total covered positions portfolioTotal covered positions portfolio26
 29
 36
 21
 31
 28
 38
 20
 26
 34
 51
 24
 30
 35
Impact from less liquid exposuresImpact from less liquid exposures4
 6
 
 
 5
 6
 
 
 10
 5
 
 
Impact from less liquid exposures2
 2
 
 
 2
 2
 
 
 3
 7
 
 
 4
 6
Total market-based trading portfolio42
 40
 51
 29
 38
 36
 47
 26
 59
 38
 59
 28
Total covered positions and less liquid trading positions portfolioTotal covered positions and less liquid trading positions portfolio28
 31
 38
 23
 33
 30
 42
 24
 29
 41
 63
 26
 34
 41
Fair value option loansFair value option loans12
 10
 12
 8
 9
 9
 11
 7
 11
 12
 14
 11
Fair value option loans10
 13
 15
 10
 12
 13
 18
 8
 10
 10
 12
 9
 12
 11
Fair value option hedgesFair value option hedges9
 8
 10
 6
 7
 7
 11
 5
 6
 6
 7
 5
Fair value option hedges6
 9
 11
 6
 8
 11
 17
 5
 8
 8
 9
 6
 9
 6
Fair value option portfolio diversificationFair value option portfolio diversification(11) (9) 
 
 (7) (8) 
 
 (7) (8) 
 
Fair value option portfolio diversification(8) (13) 
 
 (12) (13) 
 
 (11) (9) 
 
 (11) (8)
Total fair value option portfolioTotal fair value option portfolio10
 9
 10
 7
 9
 8
 11
 6
 10
 10
 11
 9
Total fair value option portfolio8
 9
 11
 8
 8
 11
 16
 5
 7
 9
 10
 7
 10
 9
Portfolio diversificationPortfolio diversification(3) (4) 
 
 (4) (3) 
 
 (6) (4) 
 
Portfolio diversification(6) (6) 
 
 (5) (7) 
 
 (4) (3) 
 
 (6) (4)
Total market-based portfolioTotal market-based portfolio$49
 $45
 57
 33
 $43
 $41
 $53
 $30
 $63
 $44
 63
 32
Total market-based portfolio$30
 $34
 44
 26
 $36
 $34
 47
 28
 $32
 $47
 69
 29
 $38
 $46
(1) 
The high and low for each portfolio may have occurred on different trading days than the high and low for the components. Therefore the impact from less liquid exposures and the amount of portfolio diversification, which is the difference between the total portfolio and the sum of the individual components, is not relevant.


47Bank of America






The graph below presents the daily total market-basedcovered positions and less liquid trading positions portfolio VaR for the previous five quarters, corresponding to the data in Table 45.44.
varchart1q18.jpgvar1ba02.jpg
Additional VaR statistics produced within our single VaR model are provided in Table 4645 at the same level of detail as in Table 45.44. Evaluating VaR with additional statistics allows for an increased understanding of the risks in the portfolio as the historical market data used in the VaR calculation does not necessarily follow a predefined statistical distribution. Table 4645 presents average trading VaR statistics at 99 percent and 95 percent confidence levels for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, December 31, 2017June 30, 2018 and March 31,September 30, 2017.

Bank of America44


                        
Table 46Average Market Risk VaR for Trading Activities – 99 percent and 95 percent VaR Statistics
Table 45Average Market Risk VaR for Trading Activities – 99 percent and 95 percent VaR Statistics
                 ��      
 Three Months Ended Three Months Ended
 March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 March 31, 2017 September 30, 2018 June 30, 2018 September 30, 2017
(Dollars in millions)(Dollars in millions) 99 percent 95 percent 99 percent 95 percent 99 percent 95 percent(Dollars in millions) 99 percent 95 percent 99 percent 95 percent 99 percent 95 percent
Foreign exchangeForeign exchange $8
 $5
 $7
 $4
 $12
 $8
Foreign exchange $7
 $4
 $10
 $6
 $10
 $6
Interest rateInterest rate 23
 15
 21
 14
 17
 11
Interest rate 26
 16
 23
 14
 21
 14
CreditCredit 27
 16
 27
 15
 26
 14
Credit 24
 14
 25
 15
 25
 15
EquityEquity 19
 10
 19
 10
 19
 10
Equity 18
 10
 16
 9
 17
 9
Commodity 6
 3
 4
 2
 4
 3
CommoditiesCommodities 6
 3
 9
 5
 5
 3
Portfolio diversificationPortfolio diversification (49) (30) (48) (30) (45) (28)Portfolio diversification (52) (31) (55) (34) (44) (30)
Total covered positions trading portfolio 34
 19
 30
 15
 33
 18
Total covered positions portfolioTotal covered positions portfolio 29
 16
 28
 15
 34
 17
Impact from less liquid exposuresImpact from less liquid exposures 6
 2
 6
 2
 5
 3
Impact from less liquid exposures 2
 1
 2
 2
 7
 2
Total market-based trading portfolio 40
 21
 36
 17
 38
 21
Total covered positions and less liquid trading positions portfolioTotal covered positions and less liquid trading positions portfolio 31
 17
 30
 17
 41
 19
Fair value option loansFair value option loans 10
 5
 9
 6
 12
 7
Fair value option loans 13
 7
 13
 7
 10
 6
Fair value option hedgesFair value option hedges 8
 6
 7
 5
 6
 4
Fair value option hedges 9
 6
 11
 8
 8
 6
Fair value option portfolio diversificationFair value option portfolio diversification (9) (6) (8) (6) (8) (5)Fair value option portfolio diversification (13) (8) (13) (10) (9) (7)
Total fair value option portfolioTotal fair value option portfolio 9
 5
 8
 5
 10
 6
Total fair value option portfolio 9
 5
 11
 5
 9
 5
Portfolio diversificationPortfolio diversification (4) (3) (3) (3) (4) (4)Portfolio diversification (6) (4) (7) (3) (3) (3)
Total market-based portfolioTotal market-based portfolio $45
 $23
 $41
 $19
 $44
 $23
Total market-based portfolio $34
 $18
 $34
 $19
 $47
 $21
Backtesting
The accuracy of the VaR methodology is evaluated by backtesting, which compares the daily VaR results, utilizing a one-day holding period, against a comparable subset of trading revenue. A backtesting excess occurs when a trading loss exceeds the VaR for the corresponding day. These excesses are evaluated to understand the positions and market moves that produced the trading loss and to ensure that the VaR methodology accurately
represents those losses. For more information on our backtesting process, see Trading Risk Management – Backtesting in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, there were no days in which there was a backtesting excess for our total market-based portfolio VaR, utilizing a one-day holding period.


Bank of America48


Total Trading-related Revenue
Total trading-related revenue, excluding brokerage fees, and CVA, DVA and funding valuation adjustment gains (losses), represents the total amount earned from trading positions, including market-based net interest income, which are taken in a diverse range of financial instruments and markets. Trading account assets and liabilities are reported at fair value. For more information on fair value, see Note 20 – Fair Value Measurements to the Consolidated Financial Statementsof the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Trading-related revenue can be volatile and is largely driven by general market conditions and customer demand. Also, trading-related revenue is dependent on the volume and type of transactions, the level of risk assumed, and the volatility of price and rate movements at any given time within the ever-changing market environment. Significant daily revenue by business is monitored and the primary drivers of these are reviewed.
The following histogram is a graphic depiction of trading volatility and illustrates the daily level of trading-related revenue for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to the three months ended DecemberJune 30, 2018 and March 31, 2017.2018. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, positive trading-related revenue was recorded for 100 percent of the trading days, of which 86 percent were daily trading gains of over $25 million. This compares to the three months ended June 30, 2018 where positive trading-related revenue was recorded for 98 percent of the trading days, of which 91 percent were daily trading gains of over $25 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, positive trading-related revenue was recorded for 100 percent of the trading days of which 88 percent were daily trading gains of over $25 million. This compares to the three months ended December 31, 2017 where positive trading-related revenue was recorded for 100 percent of the trading days, of which 63 percent were daily trading gains of over $25 million.
histogramfinal.jpg
 
onecolumnhistogram.jpg
Trading Portfolio Stress Testing
Because the very nature of a VaR model suggests results can exceed our estimates and it is dependent on a limited historical window, we also stress test our portfolio using scenario analysis. This analysis estimates the change in the value of our trading portfolio that may result from abnormal market movements. For additional information, see Trading Risk Management – Trading Portfolio Stress Testing in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book
The following discussion presents net interest income for banking book activities.
Interest rate risk represents the most significant market risk exposure to our banking book balance sheet. Interest rate risk is measured as the potential change in net interest income caused by movements in market interest rates. Client-facing activities, primarily lending and deposit-taking, create interest rate sensitive positions on our balance sheet.

45Bank of America






We prepare forward-looking forecasts of net interest income. The baseline forecast takes into consideration expected future business growth, ALM positioning and the direction of interest rate movements as implied by the market-based forward curve. We then measure and evaluate the impact that alternative interest rate scenarios have on the baseline forecast in order to assess
interest rate sensitivity under varied conditions. The net interest income forecast is frequently updated for changing assumptions and differing outlooks based on economic trends, market conditions and business strategies. Thus, we continually monitor our balance sheet position in order to maintain an acceptable level of exposure to interest rate changes.
The interest rate scenarios that we analyze incorporate balance sheet assumptions such as loan and deposit growth and pricing, changes in funding mix, product repricing, maturity characteristics and investment securities premium amortization. Our overall goal is to manage interest rate risk so that movements in interest rates do not significantly adversely affect earnings and capital.

49Bank of America






Table 4746 presents the spot and 12-month forward rates used in our baseline forecasts at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
            
Table 47Forward Rates
Table 46Forward Rates
            
 March 31, 2018 September 30, 2018
 
Federal
Funds
 
Three-month
LIBOR
 
10-Year
Swap
 
Federal
Funds
 
Three-month
LIBOR
 
10-Year
Swap
Spot ratesSpot rates1.75% 2.31% 2.78%Spot rates2.25% 2.40% 3.12%
12-month forward rates12-month forward rates2.25
 2.57
 2.83
12-month forward rates3.00
 3.07
 3.16
            
 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2017
Spot ratesSpot rates1.50% 1.69% 2.40%Spot rates1.50% 1.69% 2.40%
12-month forward rates12-month forward rates2.00
 2.14
 2.48
12-month forward rates2.00
 2.14
 2.48
Table 4847 shows the pretax impact to forecasted net interest income over the next 12 months from March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, resulting from instantaneous parallel and non-parallel shocks to the market-based forward curve. Periodically we evaluate the scenarios presented so that they are meaningful in the context of the current rate environment.
In the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, the asset sensitivity of our balance sheet to rising rates was largely unchanged.has declined modestly primarily due to increases in long-end rates. We continue to be asset sensitive to a parallel move in interest rates with the majority of that impact coming from the short end of the yield curve. Additionally, higher interest rates impact the fair value of debt securities and, accordingly, for debt securities classified as available for sale (AFS),AFS, may adversely affect accumulated OCI and thus capital levels under the Basel 3 capital rules. Under instantaneous upward parallel shifts, the near-term adverse impact to Basel 3 capital is reduced over time by offsetting positive impacts to net interest income. For more information on Basel 3, see Capital Management – Regulatory Capital on page 18.22.
         
Table 47Estimated Banking Book Net Interest Income Sensitivity to Curve Changes
         
  
Short
Rate (bps)
 
Long
Rate (bps)
    
   September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
(Dollars in millions)   
Parallel Shifts       
+100 bps
instantaneous shift
+100 +100 $2,927
 $3,317
-100 bps
instantaneous shift
-100
 -100
 (4,256) (5,183)
Flatteners 
  
 

  
Short-end
instantaneous change
+100 
 2,316
 2,182
Long-end
instantaneous change

 -100
 (1,421) (2,765)
Steepeners 
  
 

  
Short-end
instantaneous change
-100
 
 (2,798) (2,394)
Long-end
instantaneous change

 +100 628
 1,135
 
         
Table 48Estimated Banking Book Net Interest Income Sensitivity
         
  
Short
Rate (bps)
 
Long
Rate (bps)
    
(Dollars in millions)  March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
Curve Change   
Parallel Shifts       
+100 bps
instantaneous shift
+100 +100 $2,964
 $3,317
-100 bps
instantaneous shift
-100
 -100
 (3,717) (5,183)
Flatteners 
  
    
Short-end
instantaneous change
+100 
 2,188
 2,182
Long-end
instantaneous change

 -100
 (1,641) (2,765)
Steepeners 
  
    
Short-end
instantaneous change
-100
 
 (2,057) (2,394)
Long-end
instantaneous change

 +100 785
 1,135
The sensitivity analysis in Table 4847 assumes that we take no action in response to these rate shocks and does not assume any change in other macroeconomic variables normally correlated with changes in interest rates. As part of our ALM activities, we use securities, certain residential mortgages, and interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives in managing interest rate sensitivity.
The behavior of our deposit portfolio in the baseline forecast and in alternate interest rate scenarios is a key assumption in our projected estimates of net interest income. The sensitivity analysis in Table 4847 assumes no change in deposit portfolio size or mix from the baseline forecast in alternate rate environments. In higher rate scenarios, any customer activity resulting in the replacement of low-cost or noninterest-bearing deposits with higher-yielding deposits or market-based funding would reduce our benefit in those scenarios.
Interest Rate and Foreign Exchange Derivative Contracts
Interest rate and foreign exchange derivative contracts are utilized in our ALM activities and serve as an efficient tool to manage our interest rate and foreign exchange risk. We use derivatives to hedge the variability in cash flows or changes in fair value on our balance sheet due to interest rate and foreign exchange components. For more information on our hedging activities, see Note 3 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements. For more information on interest rate contracts and risk management, see Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We use interest rate derivative instruments to hedge the variability in the cash flows of our assets and liabilities and other forecasted transactions (collectively referred to as cash flow hedges). The net losses on both open and terminated cash flow hedge derivative instruments recorded in accumulated OCI were $1.7 billion and $1.3 billion, on a pretax basis, at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. These net losses are expected to be reclassified into earnings in the same period as the hedged cash flows affect earnings and will decrease income or increase expense on the respective hedged cash flows. Assuming no change in open cash flow derivative hedge positions and no changes in prices or interest rates beyond what is implied in forward yield curves at September 30, 2018, the pretax net losses are expected to be reclassified into earnings as follows: 21 percent within the next year, 63 percent in years two through five and nine percent in years six through 10, with the remaining seven percent thereafter. For more information on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, see Note 3 – Derivativesto the Consolidated Financial Statements.
We hedge our net investment in non-U.S. operations determined to have functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar using forward foreign exchange contracts that typically settle in less than 180 days, cross-currency basis swaps and foreign exchange options. We recorded net after-tax losses on derivatives in accumulated OCI associated with net investment hedges which were offset by gains on our net investments in consolidated non-U.S. entities at September 30, 2018.


  
Bank of America     4650


Table 4948 presents derivatives utilized in our ALM activities and shows the notional amount, fair value, weighted-average receive-fixed and pay-fixed rates, expected maturity and average estimated durations of our open ALM derivatives at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. These amounts do not include derivative hedges on our MSRs.
                                    
Table 49Asset and Liability Management Interest Rate and Foreign Exchange Contracts
Table 48Asset and Liability Management Interest Rate and Foreign Exchange Contracts
            
   March 31, 2018     September 30, 2018  
   Expected Maturity     Expected Maturity  
(Dollars in millions, average estimated duration in years)(Dollars in millions, average estimated duration in years)
Fair
Value
 Total Remainder of 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Thereafter 
Average
Estimated
Duration
(Dollars in millions, average estimated duration in years)
Fair
Value
 Total Remainder of 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Thereafter 
Average
Estimated
Duration
Receive-fixed interest rate swaps (1)
Receive-fixed interest rate swaps (1)
$(1,096)  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 5.23
Receive-fixed interest rate swaps (1)
$(4,571)  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 4.85
Notional amountNotional amount 
 $190,804
 $17,211
 $27,176
 $16,347
 $9,548
 $19,120
 $101,402
  
Notional amount 
 $254,129
 $4,879
 $27,176
 $26,229
 $21,581
 $30,365
 $143,899
  
Weighted-average fixed-rateWeighted-average fixed-rate 
 2.47% 3.79% 1.87% 1.88% 2.81% 2.10% 2.55%  
Weighted-average fixed-rate 
 2.51% 2.57% 1.87% 2.28% 2.85% 2.40% 2.65%  
Pay-fixed interest rate swaps (1)
Pay-fixed interest rate swaps (1)
827
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 5.27
Pay-fixed interest rate swaps (1)
1,842
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 4.62
Notional amountNotional amount 
 $45,565
 $11,247
 $1,210
 $4,344
 $1,616
 $
 $27,148
  
Notional amount 
 $111,131
 $11,247
 $1,210
 $14,226
 $8,949
 $11,245
 $64,254
  
Weighted-average fixed-rateWeighted-average fixed-rate 
 2.14% 1.70% 2.07% 2.16% 2.22% % 2.32%  
Weighted-average fixed-rate 
 2.60% 1.70% 2.07% 2.70% 2.80% 2.91% 2.66%  
Same-currency basis swaps (2)
Same-currency basis swaps (2)
(20)  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Same-currency basis swaps (2)
10
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Notional amountNotional amount 
 $41,342
 $6,290
 $6,792
 $8,576
 $2,812
 $955
 $15,917
  
Notional amount 
 $162,172
 $1,085
 $13,755
 $34,628
 $26,227
 $22,849
 $63,628
  
Foreign exchange basis swaps (1, 3, 4)
Foreign exchange basis swaps (1, 3, 4)
(1,329)  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Foreign exchange basis swaps (1, 3, 4)
(1,572)  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Notional amountNotional amount 
 112,409
 22,898
 12,449
 17,550
 9,527
 7,169
 42,816
  
Notional amount 
 110,129
 7,290
 13,326
 21,156
 17,395
 10,377
 40,585
  
Option products (5)
3
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Notional amount (6)
 
 1,249
 1,232
 
 
 
 
 17
  
Foreign exchange contracts (1, 4, 7)
1,186
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Option productsOption products
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Notional amountNotional amount 
 16
 
 
 
 
 
 16
  
Foreign exchange contracts (1, 4, 5)
Foreign exchange contracts (1, 4, 5)
339
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Notional amount (6)
Notional amount (6)
  (5,905) (23,224) 2,296
 (20) 2,546
 2,934
 9,563
  
Notional amount (6)
  (4,571) (24,033) (326) 3
 4,273
 2,826
 12,686
  
Net ALM contractsNet ALM contracts$(429)  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Net ALM contracts$(3,952)  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
            
   December 31, 2017     December 31, 2017  
   Expected Maturity     Expected Maturity  
(Dollars in millions, average estimated duration in years)(Dollars in millions, average estimated duration in years)
Fair
Value
 Total 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Thereafter 
Average
Estimated
Duration
(Dollars in millions, average estimated duration in years)
Fair
Value
 Total 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Thereafter 
Average
Estimated
Duration
Receive-fixed interest rate swaps (1)
Receive-fixed interest rate swaps (1)
$2,330
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 5.38
Receive-fixed interest rate swaps (1)
$2,330
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 5.38
Notional amountNotional amount 
 $176,390
 $21,850
 $27,176
 $16,347
 $6,498
 $19,120
 $85,399
  
Notional amount 
 $176,390
 $21,850
 $27,176
 $16,347
 $6,498
 $19,120
 $85,399
  
Weighted-average fixed-rateWeighted-average fixed-rate 
 2.42% 3.20% 1.87% 1.88% 2.99% 2.10% 2.52%  
Weighted-average fixed-rate 
 2.42% 3.20% 1.87% 1.88% 2.99% 2.10% 2.52%  
Pay-fixed interest rate swaps (1)
Pay-fixed interest rate swaps (1)
(37)  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 5.63
Pay-fixed interest rate swaps (1)
(37)  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 5.63
Notional amountNotional amount 
 $45,873
 $11,555
 $1,210
 $4,344
 $1,616
 $
 $27,148
  
Notional amount 
 $45,873
 $11,555
 $1,210
 $4,344
 $1,616
 $
 $27,148
  
Weighted-average fixed-rateWeighted-average fixed-rate 
 2.15% 1.73% 2.07% 2.16% 2.22% % 2.32%  
Weighted-average fixed-rate 
 2.15% 1.73% 2.07% 2.16% 2.22% % 2.32%  
Same-currency basis swaps (2)
Same-currency basis swaps (2)
(17)  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Same-currency basis swaps (2)
(17)  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Notional amountNotional amount 
 $38,622
 $11,028
 $6,789
 $1,180
 $2,807
 $955
 $15,863
  
Notional amount 
 $38,622
 $11,028
 $6,789
 $1,180
 $2,807
 $955
 $15,863
  
Foreign exchange basis swaps (1, 3, 4)
Foreign exchange basis swaps (1, 3, 4)
(1,616)  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Foreign exchange basis swaps (1, 3, 4)
(1,616)  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Notional amountNotional amount 
 107,263
 24,886
 11,922
 13,367
 9,301
 6,860
 40,927
  
Notional amount 
 107,263
 24,886
 11,922
 13,367
 9,301
 6,860
 40,927
  
Option products (5)
13
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Notional amount (6)
 
 1,218
 1,201
 
 
 
 
 17
  
Foreign exchange contracts (1, 4, 7)
1,424
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Option productsOption products13
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Notional amountNotional amount 
 1,218
 1,201
 
 
 
 
 17
  
Foreign exchange contracts (1, 4, 5)
Foreign exchange contracts (1, 4, 5)
1,424
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Notional amount (6)
Notional amount (6)
 
 (11,783) (28,689) 2,231
 (24) 2,471
 2,919
 9,309
  
Notional amount (6)
 
 (11,783) (28,689) 2,231
 (24) 2,471
 2,919
 9,309
  
Net ALM contractsNet ALM contracts$2,097
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Net ALM contracts$2,097
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
(1) 
Does not include basis adjustments on either fixed-rate debt issued by the Corporation or AFS debt securities, which are hedged using derivatives designated as fair value hedging instruments, that substantially offset the fair values of these derivatives.
(2) 
At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the notional amount of same-currency basis swaps included $41.3162.2 billion and $38.6 billion in both foreign currency and U.S. dollar-denominated basis swaps in which both sides of the swap are in the same currency.
(3) 
Foreign exchange basis swaps consisted of cross-currency variable interest rate swaps used separately or in conjunction with receive-fixed interest rate swaps.
(4) 
Does not include foreign currency translation adjustments on certain non-U.S. debt issued by the Corporation that substantially offset the fair values of these derivatives.
(5) 
The notional amount of option products of $1.2 billion at both March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was substantially all in foreign exchange options.
(6)
Reflects the net of long and short positions. Amounts shown as negative reflect a net short position.
(7)
The notional amount of foreign exchange contracts of $(5.9)(4.6) billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 was comprised of $30.0$34.1 billion in foreign currency-denominated and cross-currency receive-fixed swaps, $(30.8)(33.5) billion in net foreign currency forward rate contracts, $(6.4)(6.0) billion in foreign currency-denominated pay-fixed swaps and $1.3 billion831 million in net foreign currency futures contracts. Foreign exchange contracts of $(11.8) billion at December 31, 2017 were comprised of $29.1 billion in foreign currency-denominated and cross-currency receive-fixed swaps, $(35.6) billion in net foreign currency forward rate contracts, $(6.2) billion in foreign currency-denominated pay-fixed swaps and $940 million in foreign currency futures contracts.

47(6)Bank
Reflects the net of America

long and short positions. Amounts shown as negative reflect a net short position.





We use interest rate derivative instruments to hedge the variability in the cash flows of our assets and liabilities and other forecasted transactions (collectively referred to as cash flow hedges). The net losses on both open and terminated cash flow hedge derivative instruments recorded in accumulated OCI were $1.6 billion and $1.3 billion, on a pretax basis, at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. These net losses are expected to be reclassified into earnings in the same period as the hedged cash flows affect earnings and will decrease income or increase expense on the respective hedged cash flows. Assuming no change in open cash flow derivative hedge positions and no changes in prices or interest rates beyond what is implied in forward yield curves at March 31, 2018, the pretax net losses are expected to be reclassified into earnings as follows: $354 million, or 21 percent, within the next year, 58 percent in years two through five, and 13 percent in years six through 10, with the remaining eight percent thereafter. For more information on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, see Note 3 – Derivativesto the Consolidated Financial Statements.
We hedge our net investment in non-U.S. operations determined to have functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar using forward foreign exchange contracts that typically settle in less than 180 days, cross-currency basis swaps and foreign exchange options. We recorded net after-tax losses on derivatives in accumulated OCI associated with net investment hedges which were offset by gains on our net investments in consolidated non-U.S. entities at March 31, 2018.
Mortgage Banking Risk Management
We originate, fund and service mortgage loans, which subject us to credit, liquidity and interest rate risks, among others. We determine whether loans will be held for investment or held for sale at the time of commitment and manage credit and liquidity risks by selling or securitizing a portion of the loans we originate.
Interest rate risk and market risk can be substantial in the mortgage business. Changes in interest rates and other market factors impact the volume of mortgage originations. Changes in interest rates also impact the value of interest rate lock
commitments (IRLCs) and the related residential first mortgage LHFS between the date of the IRLC and the date the loans are sold to the secondary market. An increase in mortgage interest rates typically leads to a decrease in the value of these instruments. Conversely, when there is an increase in interest rates, the value of the MSRs will increase driven by lower prepayment expectations when there is an increase in interest rates.expectations. Because the interest rate risks of these two hedged items offset, we combine them into one overall hedged item with one combined economic hedge portfolio consisting of derivative contracts and securities.


51Bank of America






For the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, and 2017, we recorded gains of $69$61 million and $25$190 million related to the change in fair value of the MSRs, IRLCs and LHFS, net of gains and losses on the hedge portfolio.portfolio, compared to gains of $34 million and $100 million for the same periods in 2017. For more information on MSRs, see Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Complex Accounting Estimates
Our significant accounting principles are essential in understanding the MD&A. Many of our significant accounting principles require complex judgments to estimate the values of assets and liabilities. We have procedures and processes in place to facilitate making these judgments. For additional information, see Complex Accounting Estimates in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Non-GAAP Reconciliations
Tables 5049 and 5150 provide reconciliations of certain non-GAAP financial measures to GAAP financial measures.
             
Table 49Quarterly Supplemental Financial Data and Reconciliations to GAAP Financial Measures
             
  Three Months Ended September 30
 2018 2017
(Dollars in millions)As Reported Fully taxable-equivalent adjustment Fully taxable-equivalent basis As Reported Fully taxable-equivalent adjustment Fully taxable-equivalent basis
Net interest income$11,870
 $151
 $12,021
 $11,161
 $240
 $11,401
Total revenue, net of interest expense22,777
 151
 22,928
 21,839
 240
 22,079
Income tax expense1,827
 151
 1,978
 2,187
 240
 2,427
            
  Nine Months Ended September 30
 2018 2017
Net interest income$35,128
 $455
 $35,583
 $33,205
 $674
 $33,879
Total revenue, net of interest expense68,511
 455
 68,966
 66,916
 674
 67,590
Income tax expense5,017
 455
 5,472
 7,185

674
 7,859
             
Table 50Quarterly Supplemental Financial Data and Reconciliations to GAAP Financial Measures
             
  Three Months Ended March 31
 2018 2017
(Dollars in millions)As Reported Fully taxable-equivalent adjustment Fully taxable-equivalent basis As Reported Fully taxable-equivalent adjustment Fully taxable-equivalent basis
Net interest income$11,608
 $150
 $11,758
 $11,058
 $197
 $11,255
Total revenue, net of interest expense23,125
 150
 23,275
 22,248
 197
 22,445
Income tax expense1,476
 150
 1,626
 1,983
 197
 2,180

             
Table 50Period-end and Average Supplemental Financial Data and Reconciliations to GAAP Financial Measures
           
 Period-end Average
 September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)  2018 2017 2018 2017
Common shareholders’ equity$239,832
 $244,823
 $241,812
 $249,214
 $241,943
 $245,841
Goodwill(68,951) (68,951) (68,951) (68,969) (68,951) (69,398)
Intangible assets (excluding MSRs)(1,908) (2,312) (1,992) (2,549) (2,125) (2,737)
Related deferred tax liabilities878
 943
 896
 1,465
 917
 1,503
Tangible common shareholders’ equity$169,851
 $174,503
 $171,765
 $179,161
 $171,784
 $175,209
            
Shareholders’ equity$262,158
 $267,146
 $264,653
 $273,238
 $265,102
 $270,658
Goodwill(68,951) (68,951) (68,951) (68,969) (68,951) (69,398)
Intangible assets (excluding MSRs)(1,908) (2,312) (1,992) (2,549) (2,125) (2,737)
Related deferred tax liabilities878
 943
 896
 1,465
 917
 1,503
Tangible shareholders’ equity$192,177
 $196,826
 $194,606
 $203,185
 $194,943
 $200,026
            
Total assets$2,338,833
 $2,281,234
        
Goodwill(68,951) (68,951)        
Intangible assets (excluding MSRs)(1,908) (2,312)        
Related deferred tax liabilities878
 943
        
Tangible assets$2,268,852
 $2,210,914
        

  
Bank of America     4852


         
Table 51Period-end and Average Supplemental Financial Data and Reconciliations to GAAP Financial Measures
       
 Period-end Average
 March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 Three Months Ended March 31
(Dollars in millions)  2018 2017
Common shareholders’ equity$241,552
 $244,823
 $242,713
 $242,480
Goodwill(68,951) (68,951) (68,951) (69,744)
Intangible assets (excluding MSRs)(2,177) (2,312) (2,261) (2,923)
Related deferred tax liabilities920
 943
 939
 1,539
Tangible common shareholders’ equity$171,344
 $174,503
 $172,440
 $171,352
        
Shareholders’ equity$266,224
 $267,146
 $265,480
 $267,700
Goodwill(68,951) (68,951) (68,951) (69,744)
Intangible assets (excluding MSRs)(2,177) (2,312) (2,261) (2,923)
Related deferred tax liabilities920
 943
 939
 1,539
Tangible shareholders’ equity$196,016
 $196,826
 $195,207
 $196,572
        
Total assets$2,328,478
 $2,281,234
    
Goodwill(68,951) (68,951)    
Intangible assets (excluding MSRs)(2,177) (2,312)    
Related deferred tax liabilities920
 943
    
Tangible assets$2,258,270
 $2,210,914
    

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
See Market Risk Management on page 4347 in the MD&A and the sections referenced therein for Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Corporation’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness and design of the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of the end of the period covered by this report, in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting information required to be disclosed by the Corporation in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.report.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.


4953     Bank of America

  





Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
    
Consolidated Statement of Income
 Three Months Ended March 31
(In millions, except per share information)2018 2017
Interest income 
  
Loans and leases$9,623
 $8,754
Debt securities2,804
 2,541
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell622
 439
Trading account assets1,136
 1,076
Other interest income1,414
 900
Total interest income15,599
 13,710
    
Interest expense 
  
Deposits760
 282
Short-term borrowings1,135
 647
Trading account liabilities357
 264
Long-term debt1,739
 1,459
Total interest expense3,991
 2,652
Net interest income11,608
 11,058
    
Noninterest income 
  
Card income1,457
 1,449
Service charges1,921
 1,918
Investment and brokerage services3,664
 3,417
Investment banking income1,353
 1,584
Trading account profits2,699
 2,331
Other income423
 491
Total noninterest income11,517
 11,190
Total revenue, net of interest expense23,125
 22,248
    
Provision for credit losses834
 835
    
Noninterest expense 
  
Personnel8,480
 8,475
Occupancy1,014
 1,000
Equipment442
 438
Marketing345
 332
Professional fees381
 456
Data processing810
 794
Telecommunications183
 191
Other general operating2,242
 2,407
Total noninterest expense13,897
 14,093
Income before income taxes8,394
 7,320
Income tax expense1,476
 1,983
Net income$6,918
 $5,337
Preferred stock dividends428
 502
Net income applicable to common shareholders$6,490
 $4,835
    
Per common share information 
  
Earnings$0.63
 $0.48
Diluted earnings0.62
 0.45
Dividends paid0.12
 0.075
Average common shares issued and outstanding10,322.4
 10,099.6
Average diluted common shares issued and outstanding10,472.7
 10,919.7
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Bank of America50


Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
    
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
    
 Three Months Ended March 31
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017
Net income$6,918
 $5,337
Other comprehensive income (loss), net-of-tax:   
Net change in debt and equity securities(3,963) (99)
Net change in debit valuation adjustments273
 9
Net change in derivatives(275) 38
Employee benefit plan adjustments30
 27
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments(48) (3)
Other comprehensive income (loss)(3,983) (28)
Comprehensive income$2,935
 $5,309



See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

51Bank of America






Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
    
Consolidated Balance Sheet
  
(Dollars in millions)March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
Assets 
  
Cash and due from banks$26,247
 $29,480
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve, non-U.S. central banks and other banks177,994
 127,954
Cash and cash equivalents204,241
 157,434
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments8,069
 11,153
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell (includes $68,556 and $52,906 measured at fair value)
244,630
 212,747
Trading account assets (includes $107,906 and $106,274 pledged as collateral)
198,477
 209,358
Derivative assets47,869
 37,762
Debt securities: 
  
Carried at fair value303,298
 315,117
Held-to-maturity, at cost (fair value – $119,132 and $123,299)
123,539
 125,013
Total debt securities426,837
 440,130
Loans and leases (includes $5,989 and $5,710 measured at fair value)
934,078
 936,749
Allowance for loan and lease losses(10,260) (10,393)
Loans and leases, net of allowance923,818
 926,356
Premises and equipment, net9,399
 9,247
Goodwill68,951
 68,951
Loans held-for-sale (includes $3,091 and $2,156 measured at fair value)
9,227
 11,430
Customer and other receivables58,127
 61,623
Other assets (includes $20,575 and $22,581 measured at fair value)
128,833
 135,043
Total assets$2,328,478
 $2,281,234
    
Assets of consolidated variable interest entities included in total assets above (isolated to settle the liabilities of the variable interest entities)
Trading account assets$6,065
 $6,521
Loans and leases46,590
 48,929
Allowance for loan and lease losses(984) (1,016)
Loans and leases, net of allowance45,606
 47,913
Loans held-for-sale13
 27
All other assets399
 1,694
Total assets of consolidated variable interest entities$52,083
 $56,155
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Bank of America52


Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
    
Consolidated Balance Sheet (continued)
  
(Dollars in millions)March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
Liabilities 
  
Deposits in U.S. offices: 
  
Noninterest-bearing$434,709
 $430,650
Interest-bearing (includes $435 and $449 measured at fair value)
811,212
 796,576
Deposits in non-U.S. offices:   
Noninterest-bearing13,768
 14,024
Interest-bearing68,975
 68,295
Total deposits1,328,664
 1,309,545
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase (includes $35,116 and $36,182 measured at fair value)
178,528
 176,865
Trading account liabilities100,218
 81,187
Derivative liabilities33,900
 34,300
Short-term borrowings (includes $2,284 and $1,494 measured at fair value)
38,073
 32,666
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (includes $20,176 and $22,840 measured at fair value and $782 and $777 of reserve for unfunded lending commitments)
150,615
 152,123
Long-term debt (includes $30,062 and $31,786 measured at fair value)
232,256
 227,402
Total liabilities2,062,254
 2,014,088
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7 – Securitizations and Other Variable Interest Entities and Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies)


 

Shareholders’ equity 
  
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; authorized – 100,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding – 3,931,683 and 3,837,683 shares
24,672
 22,323
Common stock and additional paid-in capital, $0.01 par value; authorized – 12,800,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding – 10,175,910,851 and 10,287,302,431 shares
133,532
 138,089
Retained earnings120,298
 113,816
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(12,278) (7,082)
Total shareholders’ equity266,224
 267,146
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$2,328,478
 $2,281,234
    
Liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities included in total liabilities above 
  
Short-term borrowings$286
 $312
Long-term debt (includes $10,050 and $9,872 of non-recourse debt)
10,051
 9,873
All other liabilities (includes $35 and $34 of non-recourse liabilities)
38
 37
Total liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities$10,375
 $10,222
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

53Bank of America






Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
            
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
            
 
Preferred
Stock
 
Common Stock and
Additional Paid-in Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Total
Shareholders’
Equity
(In millions) Shares Amount   
Balance, December 31, 2016$25,220
 10,052.6
 $147,038
 $101,225
 $(7,288) $266,195
Net income      5,337
   5,337
Net change in debt and equity securities        (99) (99)
Net change in debit valuation adjustments        9
 9
Net change in derivatives        38
 38
Employee benefit plan adjustments        27
 27
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments        (3) (3)
Dividends declared:           
Common      (756)   (756)
Preferred      (502)   (502)
Common stock issued under employee plans, net  36.0
 472
     472
Common stock repurchased  (114.4) (2,728)     (2,728)
Balance, March 31, 2017$25,220
 9,974.2
 $144,782
 $105,304
 $(7,316) $267,990
            
Balance, December 31, 2017$22,323
 10,287.3
 $138,089
 $113,816
 $(7,082) $267,146
Cumulative adjustment for adoption of new hedge accounting standard      (32) 57
 25
Adoption of accounting standard related to certain tax effects stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)      1,270
 (1,270) 
Net income      6,918
   6,918
Net change in debt and equity securities        (3,963) (3,963)
Net change in debit valuation adjustments        273
 273
Net change in derivatives        (275) (275)
Employee benefit plan adjustments        30
 30
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments        (48) (48)
Dividends declared:           
Common      (1,237)   (1,237)
Preferred      (428)   (428)
Issuance of preferred stock2,349
         2,349
Common stock issued under employee plans, net and other  41.2
 301
 (9)   292
Common stock repurchased  (152.6) (4,858)     (4,858)
Balance, March 31, 2018$24,672
 10,175.9
 $133,532
 $120,298
 $(12,278) $266,224












        
Consolidated Statement of Income
 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(In millions, except per share information)2018 2017 2018 2017
Interest income 
  
    
Loans and leases$10,401
 $9,203
 $30,095
 $26,877
Debt securities2,986
 2,629
 8,646
 7,764
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell799
 659
 2,130
 1,658
Trading account assets1,172
 1,091
 3,506
 3,330
Other interest income1,607
 1,075
 4,556
 2,884
Total interest income16,965
 14,657
 48,933
 42,513
        
Interest expense 
  
    
Deposits1,230
 624
 2,933
 1,252
Short-term borrowings1,526
 944
 4,123
 2,508
Trading account liabilities335
 319
 1,040
 890
Long-term debt2,004
 1,609
 5,709
 4,658
Total interest expense5,095
 3,496
 13,805
 9,308
Net interest income11,870
 11,161
 35,128
 33,205
        
Noninterest income 
  
    
Card income1,470
 1,429
 4,469
 4,347
Service charges1,961
 1,968
 5,836
 5,863
Investment and brokerage services3,494
 3,437
 10,616
 10,314
Investment banking income1,204
 1,477
 3,979
 4,593
Trading account profits1,893
 1,837
 6,907
 6,124
Other income885
 530
 1,576
 2,470
Total noninterest income10,907
 10,678
 33,383
 33,711
Total revenue, net of interest expense22,777
 21,839
 68,511
 66,916
        
Provision for credit losses716
 834
 2,377
 2,395
        
Noninterest expense 
  
    
Personnel7,721
 7,811
 24,145
 24,326
Occupancy1,015
 999
 3,051
 3,000
Equipment421
 416
 1,278
 1,281
Marketing421
 461
 1,161
 1,235
Professional fees439
 476
 1,219
 1,417
Data processing791
 777
 2,398
 2,344
Telecommunications173
 170
 522
 538
Other general operating2,086
 2,284
 6,474
 7,328
Total noninterest expense13,067
 13,394
 40,248
 41,469
Income before income taxes8,994
 7,611
 25,886
 23,052
Income tax expense1,827
 2,187
 5,017
 7,185
Net income$7,167
 $5,424
 $20,869
 $15,867
Preferred stock dividends466
 465
 1,212
 1,328
Net income applicable to common shareholders$6,701
 $4,959
 $19,657
 $14,539
        
Per common share information 
  
    
Earnings$0.67
 $0.49
 $1.93
 $1.44
Diluted earnings0.66
 0.46
 1.91
 1.36
Dividends paid0.15
 0.12
 0.39
 0.27
Average common shares issued and outstanding10,031.6
 10,197.9
 10,177.5
 10,103.4
Average diluted common shares issued and outstanding10,170.8
 10,746.7
 10,317.9
 10,832.1
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

  
Bank of America     54


Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
    
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows   
    
 Three Months Ended March 31
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017
Operating activities   
Net income$6,918
 $5,337
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:   
Provision for credit losses834
 835
Gains on sales of debt securities(2) (52)
Depreciation and premises improvements amortization376
 372
Amortization of intangibles135
 162
Net amortization of premium/discount on debt securities475
 544
Deferred income taxes804
 1,382
Stock-based compensation415
 306
Loans held-for-sale:   
Originations and purchases(5,745) (13,309)
Proceeds from sales and paydowns of loans originally classified as held for sale and instruments
from related securitization activities
9,876
 7,755
Net change in:   
Trading and derivative instruments15,807
 (16,723)
Other assets11,233
 3,532
Accrued expenses and other liabilities(814) (4,518)
Other operating activities, net42
 1,388
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities40,354
 (12,989)
Investing activities   
Net change in:   
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments3,084
 (2,106)
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell(31,883) (12,509)
Debt securities carried at fair value:   
Proceeds from sales683
 22,087
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities19,052
 24,015
Purchases(14,176) (44,198)
Held-to-maturity debt securities:   
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities3,764
 3,874
Purchases(2,453) (3,033)
Loans and leases:   
Proceeds from sales of loans originally classified as held for investment and instruments
from related securitization activities
2,684
 2,590
Purchases(1,609) (1,648)
Other changes in loans and leases, net(1,190) (1,811)
Other investing activities, net(805) (1,202)
Net cash used in investing activities(22,849) (13,941)
Financing activities   
Net change in:   
Deposits19,119
 11,207
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase1,626
 15,807
Short-term borrowings5,407
 20,131
Long-term debt:   
Proceeds from issuance20,934
 17,378
Retirement(13,577) (13,552)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock2,349
 
Common stock repurchased(4,858) (2,728)
Cash dividends paid(1,674) (1,255)
Other financing activities, net(724) (584)
Net cash provided by financing activities28,602
 46,404
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents700
 813
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents46,807
 20,287
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1157,434
 147,738
Cash and cash equivalents at March 31$204,241
 $168,025
        
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
        
 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017
Net income$7,167
 $5,424
 $20,869
 $15,867
Other comprehensive income (loss), net-of-tax:       
Net change in debt and equity securities(1,172) 462
 (6,166) 931
Net change in debit valuation adjustments(269) (80) 183
 (149)
Net change in derivatives21
 24
 (346) 156
Employee benefit plan adjustments31
 26
 91
 80
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments(114) 5
 (303) 102
Other comprehensive income (loss)(1,503)
437

(6,541)
1,120
Comprehensive income$5,664

$5,861

$14,328

$16,987



See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

55Bank of America






Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
    
Consolidated Balance Sheet
  
(Dollars in millions)September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
Assets 
  
Cash and due from banks$27,440
 $29,480
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve, non-U.S. central banks and other banks157,418
 127,954
Cash and cash equivalents184,858
 157,434
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments7,865
 11,153
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell (includes $52,524 and $52,906 measured at fair value)
248,237
 212,747
Trading account assets (includes $110,199 and $106,274 pledged as collateral)
219,118
 209,358
Derivative assets45,617
 37,762
Debt securities: 
  
Carried at fair value251,635
 315,117
Held-to-maturity, at cost (fair value – $187,988 and $123,299)
194,472
 125,013
Total debt securities446,107

440,130
Loans and leases (includes $5,731 and $5,710 measured at fair value)
929,801
 936,749
Allowance for loan and lease losses(9,734) (10,393)
Loans and leases, net of allowance920,067

926,356
Premises and equipment, net9,680
 9,247
Goodwill68,951
 68,951
Loans held-for-sale (includes $3,116 and $2,156 measured at fair value)
5,576
 11,430
Customer and other receivables56,962
 61,623
Other assets (includes $23,738 and $22,581 measured at fair value)
125,795
 135,043
Total assets$2,338,833

$2,281,234
    
Assets of consolidated variable interest entities included in total assets above (isolated to settle the liabilities of the variable interest entities)
Trading account assets$6,145
 $6,521
Loans and leases44,163
 48,929
Allowance for loan and lease losses(920) (1,016)
Loans and leases, net of allowance43,243

47,913
All other assets357
 1,721
Total assets of consolidated variable interest entities$49,745
 $56,155
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Bank of America56


Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
    
Consolidated Balance Sheet (continued)
  
(Dollars in millions)September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
Liabilities 
  
Deposits in U.S. offices: 
  
Noninterest-bearing$414,853
 $430,650
Interest-bearing (includes $529 and $449 measured at fair value)
844,204
 796,576
Deposits in non-U.S. offices:   
Noninterest-bearing12,896
 14,024
Interest-bearing73,696
 68,295
Total deposits1,345,649
 1,309,545
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase (includes $34,242 and $36,182 measured at fair value)
171,600
 176,865
Trading account liabilities89,964
 81,187
Derivative liabilities36,189
 34,300
Short-term borrowings (includes $1,789 and $1,494 measured at fair value)
29,035
 32,666
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (includes $24,516 and $22,840 measured at fair value and $792 and $777 of reserve for unfunded lending commitments)
170,138
 152,123
Long-term debt (includes $28,677 and $31,786 measured at fair value)
234,100
 227,402
Total liabilities2,076,675
 2,014,088
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7 – Securitizations and Other Variable Interest Entities and Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies)


  
Shareholders’ equity 
  
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; authorized – 100,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding – 3,843,140 and 3,837,683 shares
22,326
 22,323
Common stock and additional paid-in capital, $0.01 par value; authorized – 12,800,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding – 9,858,252,641 and 10,287,302,431 shares
123,921
 138,089
Retained earnings130,747
 113,816
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(14,836) (7,082)
Total shareholders’ equity262,158
 267,146
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$2,338,833
 $2,281,234
    
Liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities included in total liabilities above 
  
Short-term borrowings$905
 $312
Long-term debt (includes $11,024 and $9,872 of non-recourse debt)
11,024
 9,873
All other liabilities (includes $37 and $34 of non-recourse liabilities)
39
 37
Total liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities$11,968
 $10,222
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

57Bank of America






Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
            
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
            
 
Preferred
Stock
 
Common Stock and
Additional Paid-in Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Total
Shareholders’
Equity
(In millions) Shares Amount   
Balance, December 31, 2016$25,220
 10,052.6
 $147,038
 $101,225
 $(7,288) $266,195
Net income      15,867
   15,867
Net change in debt and equity securities        931
 931
Net change in debit valuation adjustments        (149) (149)
Net change in derivatives        156
 156
Employee benefit plan adjustments        80
 80
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments        102
 102
Dividends declared:          

Common      (2,768)   (2,768)
Preferred      (1,292)   (1,292)
Common stock issued in connection with exercise of warrants and exchange of preferred stock(2,897) 700.0
 2,933
 (36)   
Common stock issued under employee plans, net and other  39.5
 792
     792
Common stock repurchased  (334.6) (7,945)     (7,945)
Balance, September 30, 2017$22,323
 10,457.5
 $142,818
 $112,996
 $(6,168) $271,969
            
Balance, December 31, 2017$22,323
 10,287.3
 $138,089
 $113,816
 $(7,082) $267,146
Cumulative adjustment for adoption of hedge accounting standard      (32) 57
 25
Adoption of accounting standard related to certain tax effects stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)      1,270
 (1,270) 
Net income      20,869
   20,869
Net change in debt and equity securities        (6,166) (6,166)
Net change in debit valuation adjustments        183
 183
Net change in derivatives        (346) (346)
Employee benefit plan adjustments        91
 91
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments        (303) (303)
Dividends declared:          

Common      (3,952)   (3,952)
Preferred      (1,212)   (1,212)
Issuance of preferred stock4,515
         4,515
Redemption of preferred stock(4,512)     

   (4,512)
Common stock issued under employee plans, net and other  52.8
 695
 (12)   683
Common stock repurchased  (481.8) (14,863)     (14,863)
Balance, September 30, 2018$22,326
 9,858.3
 $123,921
 $130,747
 $(14,836) $262,158








See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Bank of America58


Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
    
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows   
    
 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017
Operating activities   
Net income$20,869
 $15,867
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:   
Provision for credit losses2,377
 2,395
Gains on sales of debt securities(76) (278)
Depreciation and premises improvements amortization1,135
 1,115
Amortization of intangibles404
 473
Net amortization of premium/discount on debt securities1,411
 1,647
Deferred income taxes2,845
 5,131
Stock-based compensation1,323
 1,222
Loans held-for-sale:   
Originations and purchases(16,830) (31,404)
Proceeds from sales and paydowns of loans originally classified as held for sale and instruments
from related securitization activities
23,221
 27,484
Net change in:   
Trading and derivative instruments(13,347) (12,553)
Other assets13,648
 (9,993)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities18,266
 11,201
Other operating activities, net(1,804) 4,657
Net cash provided by operating activities53,442
 16,964
Investing activities   
Net change in:   
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments3,288
 368
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell(35,490) (18,990)
Debt securities carried at fair value:   
Proceeds from sales3,070
 64,597
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities56,458
 71,628
Purchases(54,923) (134,915)
Held-to-maturity debt securities:   
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities13,566
 12,194
Purchases(35,215) (17,850)
Loans and leases:   
Proceeds from sales of loans originally classified as held for investment and instruments
from related securitization activities
13,600
 8,874
Purchases(3,323) (4,511)
Other changes in loans and leases, net(6,432) (29,654)
Other investing activities, net(1,750) 8,635
Net cash used in investing activities(47,151) (39,624)
Financing activities   
Net change in:   
Deposits36,104
 23,483
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase(5,313) 19,987
Short-term borrowings(3,631) 8,583
Long-term debt:   
Proceeds from issuance60,873
 50,702
Retirement(44,817) (44,652)
Preferred stock:   
Proceeds from issuance4,515
 
Redemption(4,512) 
Common stock repurchased(14,863) (7,945)
Cash dividends paid(5,150) (4,124)
Other financing activities, net(644) (609)
Net cash provided by financing activities22,562
 45,425
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(1,429) 1,878
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents27,424
 24,643
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1157,434
 147,738
Cash and cash equivalents at September 30$184,858
 $172,381
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

59     Bank of America

  





Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Principles
Bank of America Corporation, a bank holding company and a financial holding company, provides a diverse range of financial services and products throughout the U.S. and in certain international markets. The term “the Corporation” as used herein may refer to Bank of America Corporation, individually, Bank of America Corporation and its subsidiaries, or certain of Bank of America Corporation’s subsidiaries or affiliates.
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Corporation and its majority-owned subsidiaries and those variable interest entities (VIEs) where the Corporation is the primary beneficiary. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Results of operations of acquired companies are included from the dates of acquisition and for VIEs, from the dates that the Corporation became the primary beneficiary. Assets held in an agency or fiduciary capacity are not included in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Corporation accounts for investments in companies for which it owns a voting interest and for which it has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financing decisions using the equity method of accounting. These investments are included in other assets. Equity method investments are subject to impairment testing, and the Corporation’s proportionate share of income or loss is included in other income.
The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and disclosures. Realized results could materially differ from those estimates and assumptions.
These unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The nature of the Corporation’s business is such that the results of any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the interim period results, have been made. The Corporation evaluates subsequent events through the date of filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Certain prior-period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.
Change in Tax Law
On December 22, 2017, the President signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act) which made significant changes to federal income tax law including, among other things, reducing the statutory corporate income tax rate to 21 percent from 35 percent and changing the taxation of the Corporation’s non-U.S. business activities. On the same date, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 which specifies, among other things, that
reasonable estimates of the income tax effects of the Tax Act should be used, if determinable. The Corporation has accounted for the effects of the Tax Act using reasonable estimates based on currently available information and its interpretations thereof. This accounting may change due to, among other things, changes
in interpretations the Corporation has made and the issuance of new tax or accounting guidance.
Accounting Standards Adopted on January 1, 2018
Effective January 1, 2018, the Corporation adopted the following new accounting standards on a prospective basis. For additional information, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Revenue Recognition The new accounting standard addresses the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers. For additional information, see Revenue Recognition Accounting Policies in this Note, Note 2 – Noninterest Income and Note 17 – Business Segment Information.
Hedge Accounting The new accounting standard simplifies and expands the ability to apply hedge accounting to certain risk management activities. For additional information, see Note 3 – Derivatives.
Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Liabilities The new accounting standard relates to the recognition and measurement of financial instruments, including equity investments. For additional information, see Note 4 – Securities and Note 16 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments.
Tax Effects in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income The new accounting standard addresses certain tax effects stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income (OCI) related to the Tax Act. For additional information, see Note 12 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss).
Effective January 1, 2018, the Corporation adopted the following new accounting standards on a retrospective basis, resulting in restatement of all prior periods presented in the Consolidated Statement of Income and the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The changes in presentation are not material to the individual line items affected.
Presentation of Pension Costs The new accounting standard requires separate presentation of the service cost component of pension expense from all other components of net pension benefit/cost in the Consolidated Statement of Income. As a result, the service cost component continues to be presented in personnel expense while other components of net pension benefit/cost (e.g., interest cost, actual return on plan assets, amortization of prior service cost) are now presented in other general operating expense.
Classification of Cash Flows and Restricted Cash The new accounting standards address the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows as well as the presentation and disclosure of restricted cash. For more information on restricted cash, see Note 9 – Federal Funds Sold or Purchased, Securities Financing Agreements, Short-term Borrowings and Restricted Cash.


Bank of America56


Accounting Standards Issued and Not Yet Adopted
Lease Accounting
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued a new accounting standard effective on January 1, 2019 that requires substantially alllessees to recognize operating leases to be recordedon the Consolidated Balance Sheet as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities based on the balance sheet. On January 5, 2018, the FASB issued an exposure draft proposing an amendment to the standard that, if approved, would permit companies the option to apply the provisionsvalue of the newdiscounted future lease standard either prospectively aspayments. Lessor accounting is largely unchanged. Expanded disclosures about the nature and terms of lease agreements will be required. The Corporation intends to elect the optional transition method, which

Bank of America60


allows for the recognition of leases at the beginning of the effective date, without adjustingperiod of adoption through a cumulative-effect adjustment in retained earnings, with no adjustment to comparative periods presented, or using a modified retrospective transition applicable to all prior periods presented. The Corporation is in the process of reviewing its existing lease portfolios, including certain service contracts for embedded leases, to evaluate the impact of the standard on the consolidated financial statements, as well as the impact to regulatory capital and risk-weighted assets. The effect of the adoption will depend on the lease portfolio at the time of transition and the transition options ultimately available;transition; however, based on current estimates, the Corporation doesexpects to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities within a range of approximately $9 billion to $11 billion. Adoption of the standard is not expect the new accounting standardexpected to have a material impactsignificant effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or disclosures in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.Corporation’s regulatory capital measures.
Accounting for Financial Instruments -- Credit Losses
The FASB issued a new accounting standard effective on January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted on January 1, 2019, that will replace the existing measurement of the allowance for credit losses with management’s best estimate of probable credit losses inherent in the Corporation’s lending activities. The new standard will reflect management’s best estimate of all expected credit losses for substantially all of the Corporation’s financial assets that are recognized at amortized cost. The standard also requires expanded credit quality disclosures. The Corporation is in the process of identifying and implementing required changes to credit loss estimation models and processes and evaluating the impact of this new accounting standard, which at the date of adoption mayis expected to increase the allowance for credit losses with a resulting negative adjustment to retained earnings. The change will be dependent on the characteristics of the Corporation’s portfolio at adoption date as well as the macroeconomic conditions and forecast as of that date. While a final decision has not been made, the Corporation does not expect to early adopt the standard.
Significant Accounting Principles Update
Revenue Recognition Accounting Policies
The following summarizes the Corporation’s revenue recognition accounting policies for certain noninterest income activities.
Card Income
Card income includes annual, late and over-limit fees as well as fees earned from interchange, cash advances and other miscellaneous transactions and is presented net of direct costs. Interchange fees are recognized upon settlement of the credit and debit card payment transactions and are generally determined on a percentage basis for credit cards and fixed rates for debit cards based on the corresponding payment network’s rates. Substantially all card fees are recognized at the transaction date, except for certain time-based fees such as annual fees, which are recognized over 12 months. Fees charged to cardholders that are
estimated to be uncollectible are reserved in the allowance for loan and lease losses. Rewards paid to cardholders are related to points earned by the cardholder that can be redeemed for a broad range of rewards including cash, travel and gift cards. Based on past redemption behavior, card product type, account transaction activity and other historical card performance, the Corporation estimates a liability based on the amount of earned reward points that are expected to be redeemed. The Corporation also makes payments to credit card partners. The payments are based on revenue-sharing agreements that are generally driven by cardholder transactions and partner sales volumes.
Service Charges
Service charges include deposit and lending-related fees. Deposit-related fees consist of fees earned on consumer and commercial
deposit activities and are generally recognized when the transactions occur or as the service is performed. Consumer fees are earned on consumer deposit accounts for account maintenance and various transaction-based services, such as ATM transactions, wire transfer activities, check and money order processing and insufficient funds/overdraft transactions. Commercial deposit-related fees are from the Corporation’s Global Transaction Services business and consist of commercial deposit and treasury management services, including account maintenance and other services, such as payroll, sweep account and other cash management services. Lending-related fees generally represent transactional fees earned from certain loan commitments, financial guarantees and standby letters of credit (SBLCs).
Investment and Brokerage Services
Investment and brokerage services consist of asset management and brokerage fees. Asset management fees are earned from the management of client assets under advisory agreements or the full discretion of the Corporation’s financial advisors (collectively referred to as assets under management (AUM)). Asset management fees are earned as a percentage of the client’s AUM and generally range from 50 basis points (bps) to 150 bps of the AUM. In cases where a third party is used to obtain a client’s investment allocation, the fee remitted to the third party is recorded net and is not reflected in the transaction price, as the Corporation is an agent for those services.
Brokerage fees include income earned from transaction-based services that are performed as part of investment management services and are based on a fixed price per unit or as a percentage of the total transaction amount. Brokerage fees also include distribution fees and sales commissions that are primarily in the Global Wealth & Investment Management (GWIM) segment and are earned over time. In addition, primarily in the Global Markets segment, brokerage fees are earned when the Corporation fills customer orders to buy or sell various financial products or when it acknowledges, affirms, settles and clears transactions and/or submits trade information to the appropriate clearing broker. Certain customers pay brokerage, clearing and/or exchange fees imposed by relevant regulatory bodies or exchanges in order to execute or clear trades. These fees are recorded net and are not reflected in the transaction price, as the Corporation is an agent for those services.


57Bank of America






Investment Banking Income
Investment banking income includes underwriting income and financial advisory services income. Underwriting consists of fees earned for the placement of a customer’s debt or equity securities. The revenue is generally earned based on a percentage of the fixed number of shares or principal placed. Once the number of shares or notes is determined and the service is completed, the underwriting fees are recognized. The Corporation incurs certain out-of-pocket expenses, such as legal costs, in performing these services. These expenses are recovered through the revenue the Corporation earns from the customer and are included in operating expenses. Syndication fees represent fees earned as the agent or lead lender responsible for structuring, arranging and administering a loan syndication.
Financial advisory services consist of fees earned for assisting customers with transactions related to mergers and acquisitions
and financial restructurings. Revenue varies depending on the size

61Bank of America






and number of services performed for each contract and is generally contingent on successful execution of the transaction. Revenue is typically recognized once the transaction is completed and all services have been rendered. Additionally, the Corporation may earn a fixed fee in merger and acquisition transactions to provide a fairness opinion, with the fees recognized when the opinion is delivered to the customer.
Other Revenue Measurement and Recognition Policies
The Corporation did not disclose the value of any open performance obligations at March 31,September 30, 2018, as its contracts with customers generally have a fixed term that is less than one year, an open term with a cancellation period that is less than one year, or provisions that allow the Corporation to recognize revenue at the amount it has the right to invoice.
NOTE 2 Noninterest Income
The table below presents the Corporation’s noninterest income disaggregated by revenue source for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017. For more information, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles. For a disaggregation of noninterest income by business segment and All Other, see Note 17 – Business Segment Information.
      
Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017
Card income          
Interchange fees (1)
$971
 $958
$978
 $941
 $3,018
 $2,883
Other card income486
 491
492
 488
 1,451
 1,464
Total card income1,457
 1,449
1,470
 1,429
 4,469
 4,347
Service charges          
Deposit-related fees1,646
 1,653
1,682
 1,691
 5,009
 5,040
Lending-related fees275
 265
279
 277
 827
 823
Total service charges1,921
 1,918
1,961
 1,968
 5,836
 5,863
Investment and brokerage services          
Asset management fees2,564
 2,200
2,576
 2,367
 7,652
 6,855
Brokerage fees1,100
 1,217
918
 1,070
 2,964
 3,459
Total investment and brokerage services3,664
 3,417
3,494
 3,437
 10,616
 10,314
Investment banking income          
Underwriting income740
 779
701
 698
 2,160
 2,185
Syndication fees316
 400
241
 405
 958
 1,146
Financial advisory services297
 405
262
 374
 861
 1,262
Total investment banking income1,353
 1,584
1,204
 1,477
 3,979
 4,593
Trading account profits2,699
 2,331
1,893
 1,837
 6,907
 6,124
Other income423
 491
885
 530
 1,576
 2,470
Total noninterest income$11,517
 $11,190
$10,907
 $10,678
 $33,383
 $33,711
(1) 
Gross interchange fees were $$2.22.4 billion and $$2.02.2 billion for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, and are presented net of $1.4 billion and $1.3 billion of expenses for rewards and partner payments. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, gross interchange fees were $1.37.0 billion and $1.16.5 billion and are presented net of $4.0 billion and $3.6 billion of expenses for rewards and partner payments.

  
Bank of America     5862


NOTE 3 Derivatives
Derivative Balances
Derivatives are entered into on behalf of customers, for trading or to support risk management activities. Derivatives used in risk management activities include derivatives that may or may not be designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships. Derivatives that are not designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships are referred to as other risk management derivatives. For more information on the Corporation’s derivatives and hedging activities, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting
 
Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following tables present derivative instruments included on the Consolidated Balance Sheet in derivative assets and liabilities at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Balances are presented on a gross basis, prior to the application of counterparty and cash collateral netting. Total derivative assets and liabilities are adjusted on an aggregate basis to take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements and have been reduced by cash collateral received or paid.
                          
  March 31, 2018  September 30, 2018
  Gross Derivative Assets Gross Derivative Liabilities  Gross Derivative Assets Gross Derivative Liabilities
(Dollars in billions)
Contract/
Notional (1)
 Trading and Other Risk Management Derivatives 
Qualifying
Accounting
Hedges
 Total Trading and Other Risk Management Derivatives 
Qualifying
Accounting
Hedges
 Total
Contract/
Notional (1)
 Trading and Other Risk Management Derivatives 
Qualifying
Accounting
Hedges
 Total Trading and Other Risk Management Derivatives 
Qualifying
Accounting
Hedges
 Total
Interest rate contracts 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Swaps$17,401.6
 $166.4
 $2.2
 $168.6
 $160.8
 $3.5
 $164.3
$17,788.7
 $138.9
 $1.3
 $140.2
 $132.7
 $4.5
 $137.2
Futures and forwards6,470.8
 1.6
 
 1.6
 1.6
 
 1.6
6,270.1
 1.3
 
 1.3
 1.2
 
 1.2
Written options1,274.0
 
 
 
 33.7
 
 33.7
1,433.4
 
 
 
 26.7
 
 26.7
Purchased options1,258.0
 35.4
 
 35.4
 
 
 
1,488.2
 28.7
 
 28.7
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts       
    
  
      

    
 

Swaps2,044.4
 35.8
 2.0
 37.8
 37.3
 2.5
 39.8
1,904.9
 49.6
 1.6
 51.2
 50.4
 2.4
 52.8
Spot, futures and forwards4,734.3
 43.4
 0.8
 44.2
 40.5
 0.7
 41.2
4,568.7
 42.1
 0.7
 42.8
 41.7
 0.5
 42.2
Written options363.3
 
 
 
 5.1
 
 5.1
300.4
 
 
 
 5.1
 
 5.1
Purchased options323.2
 4.9
 
 4.9
 
 
 
296.0
 4.4
 
 4.4
 
 
 
Equity contracts       
    
  
      

    
 

Swaps271.1
 5.7
 
 5.7
 5.8
 
 5.8
278.2
 4.9
 
 4.9
 4.7
 
 4.7
Futures and forwards102.4
 0.9
 
 0.9
 0.7
 
 0.7
104.8
 1.0
 
 1.0
 1.3
 
 1.3
Written options521.5
 
 
 
 25.5
 
 25.5
651.4
 
 
 
 30.0
 
 30.0
Purchased options491.0
 38.3
 
 38.3
 
 
 
586.1
 40.0
 
 40.0
 
 
 
Commodity contracts 
      
    
  
 
     

    
 

Swaps49.4
 1.9
 
 1.9
 4.6
 
 4.6
48.2
 2.4
 
 2.4
 5.0
 
 5.0
Futures and forwards52.8
 3.6
 
 3.6
 0.7
 
 0.7
63.5
 3.2
 
 3.2
 0.5
 
 0.5
Written options23.1
 
 
 
 1.5
 
 1.5
32.5
 
 
 
 2.1
 
 2.1
Purchased options24.3
 1.6
 
 1.6
 
 
 
29.5
 2.1
 
 2.1
 
 
 
Credit derivatives (2)
 
    
  
    
  
 
    
 

    
 

Purchased credit derivatives: 
    
  
    
  
 
    
 

    
 

Credit default swaps484.1
 3.9
 
 3.9
 11.4
 
 11.4
430.3
 4.9
 
 4.9
 9.8
 
 9.8
Total return swaps/options67.6
 0.2
 
 0.2
 1.3
 
 1.3
64.6
 0.4
 
 0.4
 0.9
 
 0.9
Written credit derivatives:     
  
    
  
     
 

    
 

Credit default swaps457.4
 11.0
 
 11.0
 3.4
 
 3.4
398.2
 9.3
 
 9.3
 4.3
 
 4.3
Total return swaps/options65.2
 0.8
 
 0.8
 0.3
 
 0.3
62.5
 0.5
 
 0.5
 0.3
 
 0.3
Gross derivative assets/liabilities  $355.4
 $5.0
 $360.4
 $334.2
 $6.7
 $340.9
  $333.7
 $3.6
 $337.3
 $316.7
 $7.4
 $324.1
Less: Legally enforceable master netting agreements 
  
  
 (276.0)
 
  
 (276.0) 
 

  
 (259.7)  
  
 (259.7)
Less: Cash collateral received/paid 
  
  
 (36.5)  
  
 (31.0) 
  
  
 (32.0)  
  
 (28.2)
Total derivative assets/liabilities 
  
  
 $47.9
  
  
 $33.9
 
  
  
 $45.6
  
  
 $36.2
(1) 
Represents the total contract/notional amount of derivative assets and liabilities outstanding.
(2) 
The net derivative asset and notional amount of written credit derivatives for which the Corporation held purchased credit derivatives with identical underlying referenced names were $6.74.3 billion and $456.5429.2 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018.

5963     Bank of America

  





              
   December 31, 2017
   Gross Derivative Assets Gross Derivative Liabilities
(Dollars in billions)
Contract/
Notional (1)
 Trading and Other Risk Management Derivatives 
Qualifying
Accounting
Hedges
 Total Trading and Other Risk Management Derivatives 
Qualifying
Accounting
Hedges
 Total
Interest rate contracts 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Swaps$15,416.4
 $175.1
 $2.9
 $178.0
 $172.5
 $1.7
 $174.2
Futures and forwards4,332.4
 0.5
 
 0.5
 0.5
 
 0.5
Written options1,170.5
 
 
 
 35.5
 
 35.5
Purchased options1,184.5
 37.6
 
 37.6
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts   
  
  
  
  
  
Swaps2,011.1
 35.6
 2.2
 37.8
 36.1
 2.7
 38.8
Spot, futures and forwards3,543.3
 39.1
 0.7
 39.8
 39.1
 0.8
 39.9
Written options291.8
 
 
 
 5.1
 
 5.1
Purchased options271.9
 4.6
 
 4.6
 
 
 
Equity contracts 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Swaps265.6
 4.8
 
 4.8
 4.4
 
 4.4
Futures and forwards106.9
 1.5
 
 1.5
 0.9
 
 0.9
Written options480.8
 
 
 
 23.9
 
 23.9
Purchased options428.2
 24.7
 
 24.7
 
 
 
Commodity contracts 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Swaps46.1
 1.8
 
 1.8
 4.6
 
 4.6
Futures and forwards47.1
 3.5
 
 3.5
 0.6
 
 0.6
Written options21.7
 
 
 
 1.4
 
 1.4
Purchased options22.9
 1.4
 
 1.4
 
 
 
Credit derivatives (2)
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Purchased credit derivatives: 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Credit default swaps470.9
 4.1
 
 4.1
 11.1
 
 11.1
Total return swaps/options54.1
 0.1
 
 0.1
 1.3
 
 1.3
Written credit derivatives: 
  
  
  
    
  
Credit default swaps448.2
 10.6
 
 10.6
 3.6
 
 3.6
Total return swaps/options55.2
 0.8
 
 0.8
 0.2
 
 0.2
Gross derivative assets/liabilities 
 $345.8
 $5.8
 $351.6
 $340.8
 $5.2
 $346.0
Less: Legally enforceable master netting agreements 
  
  
 (279.2)  
  
 (279.2)
Less: Cash collateral received/paid 
  
  
 (34.6)  
  
 (32.5)
Total derivative assets/liabilities 
  
  
 $37.8
  
  
 $34.3
(1) 
Represents the total contract/notional amount of derivative assets and liabilities outstanding.
(2) 
The net derivative asset and notional amount of written credit derivatives for which the Corporation held purchased credit derivatives with identical underlying referenced names were $6.4 billion and $435.1 billion at December 31, 2017.
Offsetting of Derivatives
The Corporation enters into International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. (ISDA) master netting agreements or similar agreements with substantially all of the Corporation’s derivative counterparties. Where legally enforceable, these master netting agreements giveFor additional information, see Note 2 – Derivativesto the Corporation, in the event of default by the counterparty, the right to liquidate securities held as collateral and to offset receivables and payables with the same counterparty. For purposesConsolidated Financial Statements of the Consolidated Balance Sheet, the Corporation offsets derivative assets and liabilities and cash collateral held with the same counterparty where it has such a legally enforceable master netting agreement.Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following table presents derivative instruments included in derivative assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Balance
Sheet at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 by primary risk (e.g., interest rate risk) and the platform, where applicable,
on which these derivatives are transacted. Balances are presented on a gross basis, prior to the application of counterparty and cash collateral netting. Total gross derivative assets and liabilities are adjusted on an aggregate basis to take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements which include reducing the balance for counterparty netting and cash collateral received or paid.
For more information on offsetting of securities financing agreements, see Note 9 – Federal Funds Sold or Purchased, Securities Financing Agreements, Short-term Borrowings and Restricted Cash.


  
Bank of America     6064


              
Offsetting of Derivatives (1)
              
              
Derivative
Assets
 Derivative Liabilities 
Derivative
Assets
 Derivative Liabilities
Derivative
Assets
 Derivative Liabilities 
Derivative
Assets
 Derivative Liabilities
(Dollars in billions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Interest rate contracts 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
Over-the-counter$200.0
 $194.2
 $211.7
 $206.0
$165.9
 $161.0
 $211.7
 $206.0
Over-the-counter cleared3.4
��2.9
 1.9
 1.8
2.7
 2.5
 1.9
 1.8
Foreign exchange contracts              
Over-the-counter83.5
 83.3
 78.7
 80.8
95.2
 97.1
 78.7
 80.8
Over-the-counter cleared0.5
 0.5
 0.9
 0.7
1.1
 1.0
 0.9
 0.7
Equity contracts              
Over-the-counter28.5
 16.3
 18.3
 16.2
27.2
 17.3
 18.3
 16.2
Exchange-traded11.7
 11.3
 9.1
 8.5
13.5
 12.2
 9.1
 8.5
Commodity contracts              
Over-the-counter3.2
 4.2
 2.9
 4.4
3.6
 5.1
 2.9
 4.4
Exchange-traded0.8
 0.8
 0.7
 0.8
1.0
 1.1
 0.7
 0.8
Credit derivatives              
Over-the-counter8.7
 9.3
 9.1
 9.6
7.9
 8.4
 9.1
 9.6
Over-the-counter cleared6.8
 6.6
 6.1
 6.0
6.9
 6.6
 6.1
 6.0
Total gross derivative assets/liabilities, before netting              
Over-the-counter323.9
 307.3
 320.7
 317.0
299.8
 288.9
 320.7
 317.0
Exchange-traded12.5
 12.1
 9.8
 9.3
14.5
 13.3
 9.8
 9.3
Over-the-counter cleared10.7
 10.0
 8.9
 8.5
10.7
 10.1
 8.9
 8.5
Less: Legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral received/paid              
Over-the-counter(291.8) (286.0) (296.9) (294.6)(270.1) (266.1) (296.9) (294.6)
Exchange-traded(11.0) (11.0) (8.6) (8.6)(11.9) (11.9) (8.6) (8.6)
Over-the-counter cleared(9.7) (10.0) (8.3) (8.5)(9.7) (9.9) (8.3) (8.5)
Derivative assets/liabilities, after netting34.6
 22.4
 25.6
 23.1
33.3
 24.4
 25.6
 23.1
Other gross derivative assets/liabilities (2)
13.3
 11.5
 12.2
 11.2
12.3
 11.8
 12.2
 11.2
Total derivative assets/liabilities47.9
 33.9
 37.8
 34.3
45.6
 36.2
 37.8
 34.3
Less: Financial instruments collateral (3)
(20.1) (8.7) (11.2) (10.4)(18.4) (9.3) (11.2) (10.4)
Total net derivative assets/liabilities$27.8
 $25.2
 $26.6
 $23.9
$27.2
 $26.9
 $26.6
 $23.9
(1) 
Over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives include bilateral transactions between the Corporation and a particular counterparty. OTC-cleared derivatives include bilateral transactions between the Corporation and a counterparty where the transaction is cleared through a clearinghouse, and exchange-traded derivatives include listed options transacted on an exchange.
(2) 
Consists of derivatives entered into under master netting agreements where the enforceability of these agreements is uncertain under bankruptcy laws in some countries or industries.
(3) 
Amounts are limited to the derivative asset/liability balance and, accordingly, do not include excess collateral received/pledged. Financial instruments collateral includes securities collateral received or pledged and cash securities held and posted at third-party custodians that are not offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet but shown as a reduction to derive net derivative assets and liabilities.
ALM and Risk Management Derivatives
The Corporation’s asset and liability management (ALM) and risk management activities include the use of derivatives to mitigate risk to the Corporation including derivatives designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships and derivatives used in other risk management activities. For additional information, see Note 2 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Derivatives Designated as Accounting Hedges
The Corporation uses various types of interest rate and foreign exchange derivative contracts to protect against changes in the fair value of its assets and liabilities due to fluctuations in interest rates and exchange rates (fair value hedges). The Corporation also
 
uses these types of contracts and equity derivatives to protect against changes in the cash flows of its assets and liabilities, and other forecasted transactions (cash flow hedges). The Corporation hedges its net investment in consolidated non-U.S. operations determined to have functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar using forward exchange contracts and cross-currency basis swaps, and by issuing foreign currency-denominated debt (net investment hedges).
Effective January 1, 2018, the Corporation early adopted the new hedge accounting standard on a prospective basis and, accordingly, prior-period hedge accounting disclosures were not conformed to the current-period presentation. For more information, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles.


6165     Bank of America

  





Fair Value Hedges
The table below summarizes information related to fair value hedges for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017.
                  
Gains and Losses on Derivatives Designated as Fair Value Hedges
         
Three Months Ended March 31         
2018 2017Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
(Dollars in millions)Derivative Hedged Item Derivative Hedged Item Hedge IneffectivenessDerivative Hedged Item Derivative Hedged Item Hedge Ineffectiveness
Interest rate risk on long-term debt (1)
$(2,305) $2,236
 $(750) $566
 $(184)$(1,129) $1,122
 $(273) $169
 $(104)
Interest rate and foreign currency risk on long-term debt (2, 3)
322
 (346) 123
 (133) (10)(182) 207
 607
 (593) 14
Interest rate risk on available-for-sale securities (4)
(31) 30
 17
 (37) (20)12
 (12) (8) 7
 (1)
Total$(2,014) $1,920
 $(610) $396
 $(214)$(1,299) $1,317
 $326

$(417)
$(91)
         
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Derivative Hedged Item Derivative Hedged Item Hedge Ineffectiveness
Interest rate risk on long-term debt (1)
$(4,303) $4,179
 $(751) $313
 $(438)
Interest rate and foreign currency risk on long-term debt (2, 3)
(927) 795
 1,631
 (1,603) 28
Interest rate risk on available-for-sale securities (4)
(20) 19
 (71) 40
 (31)
Total$(5,250) $4,993
 $809

$(1,250)
$(441)
(1) 
Amounts are recorded in interest expense in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
(2) 
For the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, the derivative amount includes a gainlosses of $43396 million and $672 million in other income and a losslosses of $64117 million and $156 million in interest expense. For the three months ended March 31,same periods in 2017, the derivative amount includes a gaingains of $280635 million and $1.9 billion in other income and a losslosses of $15729 million and $310 million in interest expense. Line item totals are in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
(3) 
For the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, the derivative amount includes agains of $4731 million lossand losses of $99 million related to certain changes in the fair value of derivatives that were excluded from effectiveness testing and recognized in accumulated OCI. None of the excluded amounts have been reclassified into earnings.
(4) 
Amounts are recorded in interest income in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
The table below summarizes the carrying value of hedged assets and liabilities that are designated and qualifying in fair value hedging relationships along with the cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying value that have been recorded in the current hedging relationships. These fair value hedging adjustments are open basis adjustments that are not subject to amortization as long as the hedging relationship remains designated. 
      
Designated Fair Value Hedged Assets (Liabilities)
      
March 31, 2018September 30, 2018
(Dollars in millions)Carrying Value 
Cumulative Fair Value Adjustments (1)
Carrying Value 
Cumulative Fair Value Adjustments (1)
Long-term debt$(129,893) $1,086
$(137,610) $1,839
Available-for-sale securities (2)
961
 (36)951
 (61)
(1) 
For assets, increase (decrease) to carrying value and for liabilities, (increase) decrease to carrying value.
(2) 
The amortized cost of available-for-sale securities in fair value hedging relationships was $959948 million and is included in debt securities carried at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
At March 31,September 30, 2018, the cumulative fair value adjustments remaining on long-term debt and available-for-sale (AFS) securities from discontinued hedging relationships were an increasea decrease of $1.1 billion$400 million of the related liability, and a decrease of $42$34 million respectively,of the related asset, which are being amortized over the remaining contractual life of the de-designated hedged items.
Cash Flow and Net Investment Hedges
The following table below summarizes certain information related to cash flow hedges and net investment hedges for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017. Of the $1.2$1.3 billion after-tax net
 
after-tax net loss ($1.61.7 billion pretax) on derivatives in accumulated OCI at March 31,September 30, 2018, $269$280 million after-tax ($354368 million pretax) is expected to be reclassified into earnings in the next 12 months. These net losses reclassified into earnings are expected to primarily reduce net interest income related to the respective hedged items. For terminated cash flow hedges, the time period over which the majority of the forecasted transactions are hedged is approximately sevensix years, with a maximum length of time for certain forecasted transactions of 18 years.

Bank of America66


               
Gains and Losses on Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow and Net Investment Hedges
        
 Three Months Ended March 31       
 2018 2017Gains (Losses)
Recognized in
Accumulated OCI on Derivatives
 Gains (Losses)
in Income
Reclassified from
Accumulated OCI
 Gains (Losses)
Recognized in
Accumulated OCI on Derivatives
 Gains (Losses)
in Income
Reclassified from
Accumulated OCI
(Dollars in millions, amounts pretax) Gains (Losses)
Recognized in
Accumulated OCI on Derivatives
 Gains (Losses)
in Income
Reclassified from
Accumulated OCI
 Gains (Losses)
Recognized in
Accumulated OCI on Derivatives
 Gains (Losses)
in Income
Reclassified from
Accumulated OCI
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Cash flow hedges               
Interest rate risk on variable-rate assets (1)
 $(428) $(50) $(37) $(112)$(54) $(51) $(553) $(134)
Price risk on certain restricted stock awards (2)
 4
 27
 28
 42

 
 4
 27
Total $(424) $(23) $(9) $(70)$(54) $(51) $(549) $(107)
Net investment hedges      
  
 
  
    
Foreign exchange risk (3)
 $(244) $(1) $(389) $(130)$181
 $383
 $860
 $382
       
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Cash flow hedges       
Interest rate risk on variable-rate assets (1)
$11
 $(54) $38
 $(274)
Price risk on certain restricted stock awards (2)
7
 32
 41
 103
Total$18
 $(22)
$79
 $(171)
Net investment hedges 
  
    
Foreign exchange risk (3)
$(427) $(3) $(1,541) $1,811
(1) 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated OCI are recorded in interest income in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
(2) 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated OCI are recorded in personnel expense in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
(3) 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated OCI are recorded in other income in the Consolidated Statement of Income. For the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, amounts excluded from effectiveness testing and recognized in other income were gains of $3 million and $32 million. For the same periods in 2017, amounts excluded from effectiveness testing and recognized in other income were a gainlosses of $433 million and a loss of $1582 million.

Bank of America62


Other Risk Management Derivatives
Other risk management derivatives are used by the Corporation to reduce certain risk exposures by economically hedging various assets and liabilities. The gains and losses on these derivatives are recognized in other income. The table below presents gains (losses) on these derivatives for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017. These gains (losses) are largely offset by the income or expense that is recorded on the hedged item.
          
Other Risk Management Derivatives
Gains and Losses on Other Risk Management DerivativesGains and Losses on Other Risk Management Derivatives
          
Gains (Losses)Three Months Ended March 31

Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017
Interest rate risk on mortgage activities (1)
$(135) $(24)$(45) $1
 $(206) $32
Credit risk on loans (2)
(3) (2)(2) 
 (7) (3)
Interest rate and foreign currency risk on ALM activities (3)(2)
(139) (290)487
 26
 1,050
 (26)
(1) 
Primarily related to hedges of interest rate risk on mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) and interest rate lock commitments (IRLCs) to originate mortgage loans that will be held for sale. The net gains on IRLCs, which are not included in the table but are considered derivative instruments, were $148 million and $5636 million for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $76 million and$192 million for the same periods in 2017.
(2)
Primarily related to derivatives that are economic hedges of credit risk on loans.
(3) 
Primarily related to hedges of debt securities carried at fair value and hedges of foreign currency-denominated debt.
Transfers of Financial Assets with Risk Retained through Derivatives
The Corporation enters into certain transactions involving the transfer of financial assets that are accounted for as sales where substantially all of the economic exposure to the transferred financial assets is retained through derivatives (e.g., interest rate and/or credit), but the Corporation does not retain control over the assets transferred. At March 31,As of both September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Corporation had transferred $6.2 billion and $6.0 billion of non-U.S. government-guaranteed mortgage-backed securities
(MBS) to a third-party trust and retained economic exposure to the
transferred assets through derivative contracts. In connection with these transfers, the Corporation received gross cash proceeds of $6.2 billion and $6.0 billion at the transfer dates. At both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the fair value of the transferred securities was $5.9 billion and $6.1 billion. At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, derivative assets of $48$58 million and $46 million and liabilities of $1 million and $3 million for both periods were recorded and are included in credit derivatives in the derivative instruments table on page 59.63.


67Bank of America






Sales and Trading Revenue
The Corporation enters into trading derivatives to facilitate client transactions and to manage risk exposures arising from trading account assets and liabilities. It is the Corporation’s policy to include these derivative instruments in its trading activities which include derivatives and non-derivative cash instruments. The resulting risk from these derivatives is managed on a portfolio basis as part of the Corporation’s Global Markets business segment. For more information on sales and trading revenue, see Note 2 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following table below, which includes both derivatives and non-derivative cash instruments, identifies the amounts in the
respective income statement line items attributable to the Corporation’s sales and trading revenue in Global Markets, categorized by primary risk, for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017. The difference between total trading account profits in the following table and in the Consolidated Statement of Income represents trading activities in business segments other than Global Markets. This table includes debit valuation adjustment (DVA) and funding valuation adjustment (FVA) gains (losses). Global Markets results in Note 17 – Business Segment Information are presented on a fully taxable-equivalent (FTE) basis. The table below is not presented on an FTE basis.
                      
Sales and Trading Revenue                      
                      
Trading Account Profits 
Net Interest
Income
 
Other (1)
 Total Trading Account Profits 
Net Interest
Income
 
Other (1)
 Total
(Dollars in millions)Trading Account Profits 
Net Interest
Income
 
Other (1)
 TotalThree Months Ended September 30, 2018 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
Interest rate risk$620
 $206
 $68
 $894
$182
 $307
 $134
 $623
 $1,070
 $946
 $203
 $2,219
Foreign exchange risk404
 (5) 2
 401
379
 (2) 2
 379
 1,175
 (15) 5
 1,165
Equity risk1,154
 (125) 449
 1,478
853
 (215) 350
 988
 3,105
 (542) 1,196
 3,759
Credit risk463
 591
 136
 1,190
266
 465
 106
 837
 1,093
 1,424
 377
 2,894
Other risk62
 9
 16
 87
47
 26
 19
 92
 171
 39
 60
 270
Total sales and trading revenue$2,703
 $676
 $671
 $4,050
$1,727
 $581
 $611
 $2,919
 $6,614
 $1,852
 $1,841
 $10,307
                      
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Interest rate risk$348
 $310
 $76
 $734
$330
 $365
 $49
 $744
 $833
 $1,182
 $200
 $2,215
Foreign exchange risk368
 (3) 1
 366
348
 2
 2
 352
 1,063
 (2) 5
 1,066
Equity risk672
 (75) 486
 1,083
639
 (142) 467
 964
 2,088
 (372) 1,427
 3,143
Credit risk686
 644
 197
 1,527
362
 482
 105
 949
 1,482
 1,467
 450
 3,399
Other risk103
 4
 33
 140
35
 8
 16
 59
 168
 18
 67
 253
Total sales and trading revenue$2,177
 $880
 $793
 $3,850
$1,714
 $715
 $639
 $3,068
 $5,634
 $2,293
 $2,149
 $10,076
(1) 
Represents amounts in investment and brokerage services and other income that are recorded in Global Markets and included in the definition of sales and trading revenue. Includes investment and brokerage services revenue of $476$378 million and $524 million1.3 billion for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $488 million and$1.5 billion for the same periods in 2017.

63Bank of America68






Credit Derivatives
The Corporation enters into credit derivatives primarily to facilitate client transactions and to manage credit risk exposures. Credit derivatives derive value based on an underlying third-party referenced obligation or a portfolio of referenced obligations and generally require the Corporation, as the seller of credit protection, to make payments to a buyer upon the occurrence of a predefined credit event. Such credit events generally include bankruptcy of the referenced credit entity and failure to pay under the obligation,
 
as well as acceleration of indebtedness and payment repudiation or moratorium. For credit derivatives based on a portfolio of referenced credits or credit indices, the Corporation may not be required to make payment until a specified amount of loss has occurred and/or may only be required to make payment up to a specified amount.
Credit derivative instruments where the Corporation is the seller of credit protection and their expiration at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are summarized in the table below.
                  
Credit Derivative Instruments                  
                  
Less than
One Year
 
One to
Three Years
 
Three to
Five Years
 
Over Five
Years
 Total
Less than
One Year
 
One to
Three Years
 
Three to
Five Years
 
Over Five
Years
 Total
March 31, 2018September 30, 2018
(Dollars in millions)Carrying ValueCarrying Value
Credit default swaps: 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
Investment grade$2
 $1
 $30
 $182
 $215
$2
 $38
 $335
 $590
 $965
Non-investment grade219
 371
 520
 2,124
 3,234
61
 492
 1,007
 1,802
 3,362
Total221
 372
 550
 2,306
 3,449
63
 530
 1,342
 2,392
 4,327
Total return swaps/options: 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
Investment grade41
 
 
 
 41
22
 
 
 
 22
Non-investment grade209
 17
 
 
 226
263
 28
 
 
 291
Total250
 17
 
 
 267
285
 28
 
 
 313
Total credit derivatives$471
 $389
 $550
 $2,306
 $3,716
$348
 $558
 $1,342
 $2,392
 $4,640
Credit-related notes: 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
Investment grade$
 $
 $8
 $634
 $642
$
 $
 $5
 $602
 $607
Non-investment grade4
 3
 10
 1,682
 1,699
3
 1
 4
 1,455
 1,463
Total credit-related notes$4
 $3
 $18
 $2,316
 $2,341
$3
 $1
 $9
 $2,057
 $2,070
Maximum Payout/NotionalMaximum Payout/Notional
Credit default swaps: 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
Investment grade$39,988
 $113,263
 $118,991
 $34,167
 $306,409
$61,224
 $93,646
 $82,657
 $30,883
 $268,410
Non-investment grade39,210
 44,802
 46,083
 20,866
 150,961
22,980
 37,907
 47,164
 21,785
 129,836
Total79,198
 158,065
 165,074
 55,033
 457,370
84,204
 131,553
 129,821
 52,668
 398,246
Total return swaps/options: 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
Investment grade45,484
 2,089
 
 139
 47,712
40,115
 1,263
 62
 76
 41,516
Non-investment grade16,844
 275
 169
 220
 17,508
20,648
 207
 39
 72
 20,966
Total62,328
 2,364
 169
 359
 65,220
60,763
 1,470
 101
 148
 62,482
Total credit derivatives$141,526
 $160,429
 $165,243
 $55,392
 $522,590
$144,967
 $133,023
 $129,922
 $52,816
 $460,728
                  
December 31, 2017December 31, 2017
Carrying ValueCarrying Value
Credit default swaps:                  
Investment grade$4
 $3
 $61
 $245
 $313
$4
 $3
 $61
 $245
 $313
Non-investment grade203
 453
 484
 2,133
 3,273
203
 453
 484
 2,133
 3,273
Total207
 456
 545
 2,378
 3,586
207
 456
 545
 2,378
 3,586
Total return swaps/options: 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
Investment grade30
 
 
 
 30
30
 
 
 
 30
Non-investment grade150
 
 
 3
 153
150
 
 
 3
 153
Total180
 
 
 3
 183
180
 
 
 3
 183
Total credit derivatives$387
 $456
 $545
 $2,381
 $3,769
$387
 $456
 $545
 $2,381
 $3,769
Credit-related notes: 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
Investment grade$
 $
 $7
 $689
 $696
$
 $
 $7
 $689
 $696
Non-investment grade12
 4
 34
 1,548
 1,598
12
 4
 34
 1,548
 1,598
Total credit-related notes$12
 $4
 $41
 $2,237
 $2,294
$12
 $4
 $41
 $2,237
 $2,294
Maximum Payout/NotionalMaximum Payout/Notional
Credit default swaps:                  
Investment grade$61,388
 $115,480
 $107,081
 $21,579
 $305,528
$61,388
 $115,480
 $107,081
 $21,579
 $305,528
Non-investment grade39,312
 49,843
 39,098
 14,420
 142,673
39,312
 49,843
 39,098
 14,420
 142,673
Total100,700
 165,323
 146,179
 35,999
 448,201
100,700
 165,323
 146,179
 35,999
 448,201
Total return swaps/options: 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
Investment grade37,394
 2,581
 
 143
 40,118
37,394
 2,581
 
 143
 40,118
Non-investment grade13,751
 514
 143
 697
 15,105
13,751
 514
 143
 697
 15,105
Total51,145
 3,095
 143
 840
 55,223
51,145
 3,095
 143
 840
 55,223
Total credit derivatives$151,845
 $168,418
 $146,322
 $36,839
 $503,424
$151,845
 $168,418
 $146,322
 $36,839
 $503,424

69Bank of America64






Credit derivatives are classified as investment and non-investment grade based on the credit quality of the underlying referenced obligation. The Corporation considers ratings of BBB- or higher as investment grade. Non-investment grade includes non-rated credit derivative instruments. The Corporation discloses internal categorizations of investment grade and non-investment grade consistent with how risk is managed for these instruments.
The notional amount represents the maximum amount payable by the Corporation for most credit derivatives. However, the Corporation does not monitor its exposure to credit derivatives based solely on the notional amount because this measure does not take into consideration the probability of occurrence. As such, the notional amount is not a reliable indicator of the Corporation’s exposure to these contracts. Instead, a risk framework is used to define risk tolerances and establish limits so that certain credit risk-related losses occur within acceptable, predefined limits.
Credit-related notes in the table above include investments in securities issued by collateralized debt obligation (CDO), collateralized loan obligation and credit-linked note vehicles. These instruments are primarily classified as trading securities. The carrying value of these instruments equals the Corporation’s maximum exposure to loss. The Corporation is not obligated to make any payments to the entities under the terms of the securities owned.
Credit-related Contingent Features and Collateral
A majority of the Corporation’s derivative contracts contain credit risk-related contingent features, primarily in the form of ISDA master netting agreements and credit support documentation that enhance the creditworthiness of these instruments compared to other obligations of the respective counterparty with whom the Corporation has transacted. These contingent features may be for the benefit of the Corporation as well as its counterparties with respect to changes in the Corporation’s creditworthiness and the mark-to-market exposure under the derivative transactions. At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Corporation held cash and securities collateral of $90.4$83.7 billion and $77.2 billion, and posted cash and securities collateral of $58.3$55.1 billion and $59.2 billion in the normal course of business under derivative agreements, excluding cross-product margining agreements where clients are permitted to margin on a net basis for both derivative and secured financing arrangements.
In connection with certain OTC derivative contracts and other trading agreements, the Corporation can be required to provide additional collateral or to terminate transactions with certain counterparties in the event of a downgrade of the senior debt ratings of the Corporation or certain subsidiaries. The amount of
additional collateral required depends on the contract and is usually a fixed incremental amount and/or the market value of the exposure. For more information on credit-related contingent features and collateral, see Note 2 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
At March 31,September 30, 2018, the amount of collateral, calculated based on the terms of the contracts, that the Corporation and certain subsidiaries could be required to post to counterparties but had not yet posted to counterparties was $2.2$2.3 billion,, including $1.1$1.2 billion for Bank of America, National Association (Bank of America, N.A. or BANA).
Some counterparties are currently able to unilaterally terminate certain contracts, or the Corporation or certain subsidiaries may be required to take other action such as find a
suitable replacement or obtain a guarantee. At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the liability recorded for these derivative contracts was not significant.
The table below presents the amount of additional collateral that would have been contractually required by derivative contracts and other trading agreements at March 31,September 30, 2018 if the rating agencies had downgraded their long-term senior debt ratings for the Corporation or certain subsidiaries by one incremental notch and by an additional second incremental notch.
      
Additional Collateral Required to be Posted Upon Downgrade at March 31, 2018
Additional Collateral Required to be Posted Upon Downgrade at September 30, 2018Additional Collateral Required to be Posted Upon Downgrade at September 30, 2018
      
(Dollars in millions)
One
incremental notch
 
Second
incremental notch
One
incremental notch
 
Second
incremental notch
Bank of America Corporation$647
 $591
$554
 $314
Bank of America, N.A. and subsidiaries (1)
323
 207
212
 264
(1) 
Included in Bank of America Corporation collateral requirements in this table.
The table below presents the derivative liabilities that would be subject to unilateral termination by counterparties and the amounts of collateral that would have been contractually required at March 31,September 30, 2018 if the long-term senior debt ratings for the Corporation or certain subsidiaries had been lower by one incremental notch and by an additional second incremental notch.
      
Derivative Liabilities Subject to Unilateral Termination Upon Downgrade at March 31, 2018
Derivative Liabilities Subject to Unilateral Termination Upon Downgrade at September 30, 2018Derivative Liabilities Subject to Unilateral Termination Upon Downgrade at September 30, 2018
      
(Dollars in millions)
One
incremental notch
 
Second
incremental notch
One
incremental notch
 
Second
incremental notch
Derivative liabilities$382
 $1,158
$260
 $607
Collateral posted311
 716
201
 399
Valuation Adjustments on Derivatives
The table below presents credit valuation adjustment (CVA), DVA and FVA gains (losses) on derivatives, which are recorded in trading account profits, on a gross and net of hedge basis for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017. For more information on the valuation adjustments on derivatives, see Note 2 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
      
Valuation Adjustments on Derivatives (1)
Valuation Adjustments on Derivatives (1)
Valuation Adjustments on Derivatives (1)
      
Gains (Losses)Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30
2018 20172018 2017
(Dollars in millions)GrossNet GrossNetGrossNet GrossNet
Derivative assets (CVA)$(24)$18
 $161
$26
$71
$27
 $23
$15
Derivative assets/liabilities (FVA)(37)(1) 49
56
45
35
 37
43
Derivative liabilities (DVA)114
106
 (150)(93)(69)(79) 29
17
   
Nine Months Ended September 30
2018 2017
Derivative assets (CVA)$186
$172
 $281
$93
Derivative assets/liabilities (FVA)36
16
 113
140
Derivative liabilities (DVA)(112)(132) (249)(201)
(1) 
At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, cumulative CVA reduced the derivative assets balance by $701491 million and $677 million, cumulative FVA reduced the net derivatives balance by $173100 million and $136 million, and cumulative DVA reduced the derivative liabilities balance by $565338 million and $450 million, respectively.


65Bank of America70






NOTE 4 Securities
The table below presents the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of AFS debt securities, other debt securities carried at fair value and held-to-maturity (HTM) debt securities at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
              
Debt SecuritiesDebt Securities    Debt Securities    
  
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018September 30, 2018
Available-for-sale debt securities              
Mortgage-backed securities:       
       
Agency$189,426
 $168
 $(5,483) $184,111
$141,721
 $101
 $(5,710) $136,112
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations6,525
 15
 (142) 6,398
5,878
 9
 (209) 5,678
Commercial13,998
 1
 (440) 13,559
14,138
 2
 (630) 13,510
Non-agency residential (1)
2,354
 260
 (10) 2,604
1,926
 217
 (6) 2,137
Total mortgage-backed securities212,303
 444
 (6,075) 206,672
163,663
 329
 (6,555) 157,437
U.S. Treasury and agency securities54,753
 13
 (1,794) 52,972
54,664
 8
 (2,366) 52,306
Non-U.S. securities6,918
 7
 
 6,925
7,076
 5
 (2) 7,079
Other taxable securities, substantially all asset-backed securities4,619
 100
 (5) 4,714
3,806
 77
 (7) 3,876
Total taxable securities278,593
 564
 (7,874) 271,283
229,209
 419
 (8,930) 220,698
Tax-exempt securities19,133
 58
 (114) 19,077
18,401
 36
 (87) 18,350
Total available-for-sale debt securities297,726
 622
 (7,988) 290,360
247,610
 455
 (9,017) 239,048
Other debt securities carried at fair value12,682
 291
 (35) 12,938
12,409
 205
 (27) 12,587
Total debt securities carried at fair value310,408
 913
 (8,023) 303,298
260,019
 660
 (9,044) 251,635
Held-to-maturity debt securities, substantially all U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities123,539
 12
 (4,419) 119,132
Total debt securities (2, 3)
$433,947
 $925
 $(12,442) $422,430
Held-to-maturity debt securities, substantially all U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities (2)
194,472
 1
 (6,485) 187,988
Total debt securities (3, 4)
$454,491
 $661
 $(15,529) $439,623
              
December 31, 2017December 31, 2017
Available-for-sale debt securities              
Mortgage-backed securities: 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
Agency$194,119
 $506
 $(1,696) $192,929
$194,119
 $506
 $(1,696) $192,929
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations6,846
 39
 (81) 6,804
6,846
 39
 (81) 6,804
Commercial13,864
 28
 (208) 13,684
13,864
 28
 (208) 13,684
Non-agency residential (1)
2,410
 267
 (8) 2,669
2,410
 267
 (8) 2,669
Total mortgage-backed securities217,239
 840
 (1,993) 216,086
217,239
 840
 (1,993) 216,086
U.S. Treasury and agency securities54,523
 18
 (1,018) 53,523
54,523
 18
 (1,018) 53,523
Non-U.S. securities6,669
 9
 (1) 6,677
6,669
 9
 (1) 6,677
Other taxable securities, substantially all asset-backed securities5,699
 73
 (2) 5,770
5,699
 73
 (2) 5,770
Total taxable securities284,130
 940
 (3,014) 282,056
284,130
 940
 (3,014) 282,056
Tax-exempt securities20,541
 138
 (104) 20,575
20,541
 138
 (104) 20,575
Total available-for-sale debt securities304,671
 1,078
 (3,118) 302,631
304,671
 1,078
 (3,118) 302,631
Other debt securities carried at fair value12,273
 252
 (39) 12,486
12,273
 252
 (39) 12,486
Total debt securities carried at fair value316,944
 1,330
 (3,157) 315,117
316,944
 1,330
 (3,157) 315,117
Held-to-maturity debt securities, substantially all U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities125,013
 111
 (1,825) 123,299
125,013
 111
 (1,825) 123,299
Total debt securities (2, 3)
$441,957
 $1,441
 $(4,982) $438,416
Total debt securities (3, 4)
$441,957
 $1,441
 $(4,982) $438,416
Available-for-sale marketable equity securities (4)(5)
$27
 $
 $(2) $25
$27
 $
 $(2) $25
(1) 
At both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the underlying collateral type included approximately 65 percent and 62 percent prime, seven percent and 13 percent Alt-A and 28 percent and 25 percent subprime.
(2) 
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Corporation transferred $25 billion and $50 billion of available-for-sale debt securities to held to maturity.
(3)
Includes securities pledged as collateral of $36.939.7 billion and $35.8 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(3)(4) 
The Corporation had debt securities from Fannie Mae (FNMA) and Freddie Mac (FHLMC) that each exceeded 10 percent of shareholders’ equity, with an amortized cost of $161.1165.3 billion and $49.353.1 billion, and a fair value of $156.0159.3 billion and $48.051.4 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018, and an amortized cost of $163.6 billion and $50.3 billion, and a fair value of $162.1 billion and $50.0 billion at December 31, 2017.
(4)(5) 
Classified in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
At March 31,September 30, 2018, the accumulated net unrealized loss on AFS debt securities included in accumulated OCI was $5.5$6.4 billion, net of the related income tax benefit of $1.8$2.1 billion. The Corporation had nonperforming AFS debt securities of $128$71 million and $99 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
Effective January 1, 2018, the Corporation adopted a newan accounting standard applicable to equity securities. For more information, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles. At March 31,September 30, 2018, the Corporation held equity securities at an aggregate fair value of $988$947 million and other
equity securities, as valued under the measurement alternative, at cost of $247$252 million, both of which are included in other assets.
At September 30, 2018, the Corporation also held equity securities at fair value of $1.5 billion included in time deposits placed and other short-term investments.
The following table presents the components of other debt securities carried at fair value where the changes in fair value are reported in other income. In the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, the Corporation recorded unrealized mark-to-market net gainslosses of $41$106 million and $37 million, and realized net lossesgains of $6$114 million and $123 million, compared to unrealized mark-to-market net gains of $117$124 million and $323 million and realized net losses of $103$11 million inand $129 million for the three months ended March 31,same periods in 2017. These amounts exclude hedge results.


71Bank of America66






      
Other Debt Securities Carried at Fair Value
  
(Dollars in millions)March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
Mortgage-backed securities:   
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations$
 $5
Non-agency residential2,736
 2,764
Total mortgage-backed securities2,736
 2,769
Mortgage-backed securities$1,696
 $2,769
Non-U.S. securities (1)
9,976
 9,488
10,888
 9,488
Other taxable securities, substantially all asset-backed securities226
 229
3
 229
Total$12,938
 $12,486
$12,587
 $12,486
(1) 
These securities are primarily used to satisfy certain international regulatory liquidity requirements.
The gross realized gains and losses on sales of AFS debt securities for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017 are presented in the table below.
    
Gains and Losses on Sales of AFS Debt Securities
  
 Three Months Ended March 31
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017
Gross gains$2
 $54
Gross losses
 (2)
Net gains on sales of AFS debt securities$2
 $52
Income tax expense attributable to realized net gains on sales of AFS debt securities$
 $20
        
Gains and Losses on Sales of AFS Debt Securities
    
 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017
Gross gains$83
 $130
 $86
 $286
Gross losses(10) (5) (10) (8)
Net gains on sales of AFS debt securities$73
 $125
 $76
 $278
Income tax expense attributable to realized net gains on sales of AFS debt securities$17
 $48
 $18
 $106
The table below presents the fair value and the associated gross unrealized losses on AFS debt securities and whether these securities have had gross unrealized losses for less than 12 months or for 12 months or longer at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
                      
Temporarily Impaired and Other-than-temporarily Impaired AFS Debt SecuritiesTemporarily Impaired and Other-than-temporarily Impaired AFS Debt Securities      Temporarily Impaired and Other-than-temporarily Impaired AFS Debt Securities      
  
Less than Twelve Months Twelve Months or Longer TotalLess than Twelve Months Twelve Months or Longer Total
Fair
Value
 Gross Unrealized Losses 
Fair
Value
 Gross Unrealized Losses 
Fair
Value
 Gross Unrealized Losses
Fair
Value
 Gross Unrealized Losses 
Fair
Value
 Gross Unrealized Losses 
Fair
Value
 Gross Unrealized Losses
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018September 30, 2018
Temporarily impaired AFS debt securities                      
Mortgage-backed securities:                      
Agency$109,535
 $(2,608) $68,632
 $(2,875) $178,167
 $(5,483)$45,433
 $(1,190) $87,214
 $(4,520) $132,647
 $(5,710)
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations3,635
 (77) 1,579
 (65) 5,214
 (142)1,959
 (47) 3,344
 (162) 5,303
 (209)
Commercial8,794
 (182) 4,480
 (258) 13,274
 (440)4,923
 (146) 7,962
 (484) 12,885
 (630)
Non-agency residential241
 (8) 
 
 241
 (8)23
 (2) 51
 (4) 74
 (6)
Total mortgage-backed securities122,205
 (2,875) 74,691
 (3,198) 196,896
 (6,073)52,338
 (1,385) 98,571
 (5,170) 150,909
 (6,555)
U.S. Treasury and agency securities27,813
 (760) 23,792
 (1,034) 51,605
 (1,794)10,651
 (409) 40,337
 (1,957) 50,988
 (2,366)
Non-U.S. securities706
 (1) 81
 (1) 787
 (2)
Other taxable securities, substantially all asset-backed securities135
 (3) 102
 (2) 237
 (5)208
 (3) 150
 (4) 358
 (7)
Total taxable securities150,153
 (3,638) 98,585
 (4,234) 248,738
 (7,872)63,903
 (1,798) 139,139
 (7,132) 203,042
 (8,930)
Tax-exempt securities251
 (1) 5,667
 (113) 5,918
 (114)474
 (1) 4,324
 (86) 4,798
 (87)
Total temporarily impaired AFS debt securities150,404
 (3,639) 104,252
 (4,347) 254,656
 (7,986)64,377
 (1,799) 143,463
 (7,218) 207,840
 (9,017)
Other-than-temporarily impaired AFS debt securities (1)
                      
Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities103
 (2) 
 
 103
 (2)93
 
 
 
 93
 
Total temporarily impaired and other-than-temporarily impaired
AFS debt securities
$150,507
 $(3,641) $104,252
 $(4,347) $254,759
 $(7,988)$64,470
 $(1,799) $143,463
 $(7,218) $207,933
 $(9,017)
                      
December 31, 2017December 31, 2017
Temporarily impaired AFS debt securities                      
Mortgage-backed securities:                      
Agency$73,535
 $(352) $72,612
 $(1,344) $146,147
 $(1,696)$73,535
 $(352) $72,612
 $(1,344) $146,147
 $(1,696)
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations2,743
 (29) 1,684
 (52) 4,427
 (81)2,743
 (29) 1,684
 (52) 4,427
 (81)
Commercial5,575
 (50) 4,586
 (158) 10,161
 (208)5,575
 (50) 4,586
 (158) 10,161
 (208)
Non-agency residential335
 (7) 
 
 335
 (7)335
 (7) 
 
 335
 (7)
Total mortgage-backed securities82,188
 (438) 78,882
 (1,554) 161,070
 (1,992)82,188
 (438) 78,882
 (1,554) 161,070
 (1,992)
U.S. Treasury and agency securities27,537
 (251) 24,035
 (767) 51,572
 (1,018)27,537
 (251) 24,035
 (767) 51,572
 (1,018)
Non-U.S. securities772
 (1) 
 
 772
 (1)772
 (1) 
 
 772
 (1)
Other taxable securities, substantially all asset-backed securities
 
 92
 (2) 92
 (2)
 
 92
 (2) 92
 (2)
Total taxable securities110,497
 (690) 103,009
 (2,323) 213,506
 (3,013)110,497
 (690) 103,009
 (2,323) 213,506
 (3,013)
Tax-exempt securities1,090
 (2) 7,100
 (102) 8,190
 (104)1,090
 (2) 7,100
 (102) 8,190
 (104)
Total temporarily impaired AFS debt securities111,587
 (692) 110,109
 (2,425) 221,696
 (3,117)111,587
 (692) 110,109
 (2,425) 221,696
 (3,117)
Other-than-temporarily impaired AFS debt securities (1)
                      
Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities58
 (1) 
 
 58
 (1)58
 (1) 
 
 58
 (1)
Total temporarily impaired and other-than-temporarily impaired
AFS debt securities
$111,645
 $(693) $110,109
 $(2,425) $221,754
 $(3,118)$111,645
 $(693) $110,109
 $(2,425) $221,754
 $(3,118)
(1) 
Includes other-than-temporarily impaired (OTTI) AFS debt securities on which an OTTI loss, primarily related to changes in interest rates, remains in accumulated OCI.

67Bank of America72






The Corporation had $4$12 million and $27$23 million of credit-related OTTI losses on AFS debt securities which were recognized in other income for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $0 and $33 million for the same periods in 2017. The amount of noncredit-related OTTI losses which is recognized in OCI was insignificantnot significant for all periods presented.
The cumulative OTTI credit loss component of OTTI losses that have been recognized in income related toon AFS debt securities that the Corporation does not intend to sell was $278were $135 million and $279$284 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017.
The Corporation estimates the portion of a lossFor more information on a security that is attributable to credit using a discounted cash flow modelOTTI losses and estimates the expected cash flows of the underlying collateral using internal credit, interest rate and prepayment risk models that incorporate management’s best estimate of current keysignificant assumptions such as default rates, loss severity and prepayment rates. Assumptions used for the Corporation’s underlying loans that supportcollateral, see Note 3 – Securities to the MBS can vary widely from loan to loan and are influenced by such factors as loan interest rate, geographic locationConsolidated Financial Statements of the borrower, borrower characteristics and collateral type. BasedCorporation’s 2017 Annual Report on these assumptions, the Corporation then determines how the underlying collateral cash flows will be distributed to each MBS issued from the applicable special purpose entity. Expected principal and interest cash flows on an impaired AFS debt security are discounted using the effective yield of each individual impaired AFS debt security.
Form 10-K. Significant assumptions used in estimating the expected cash flows for measuring credit losses on non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) were as follows at March 31,September 30, 2018.
          
Significant Assumptions
      
  
Range (1)
  
Range (1)
Weighted
average
 
10th
Percentile (2)
 
90th
Percentile (2)
Weighted
average
 
10th
Percentile (2)
 
90th
Percentile (2)
Prepayment speed11.7% 2.9% 20.9%12.0% 3.1% 23.3%
Loss severity21.6
 9.1
 40.6
18.1
 8.4
 31.0
Life default rate20.1
 1.3
 72.3
20.1
 0.7
 73.5
(1) 
Represents the range of inputs/assumptions based upon the underlying collateral.
(2) 
The value of a variable below which the indicated percentile of observations will fall.
Annual constant prepayment speed and loss severity rates are projected considering collateral characteristics such as loan-to-value (LTV), creditworthiness of borrowers as measured using Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) scores, and geographic concentrations. The weighted-average severity by collateral type was 16.416.2 percent for prime, 17.616.4 percent for Alt-A and 27.922.2 percent for subprime at March 31,September 30, 2018. Default rates are projected by considering collateral characteristics including, but not limited to, LTV, FICO and geographic concentration. Weighted-average life default rates by collateral type were 15.116.1 percent for prime, 20.021.9 percent for Alt-A and 22.422.7 percent for subprime at March 31,September 30, 2018.
The remaining contractual maturity distribution and yields of the Corporation’s debt securities carried at fair value and HTM debt securities at March 31,September 30, 2018 are summarized in the table below. Actual duration and yields may differ as prepayments on the loans underlying the mortgages or other asset-backed securities (ABS) are passed through to the Corporation.





                                      
Maturities of Debt Securities Carried at Fair Value and Held-to-maturity Debt Securities
                   
Due in One
Year or Less
 
Due after One Year
through Five Years
 
Due after Five Years
through Ten Years
 
Due after
Ten Years
 Total               ��   
Amount 
Yield (1)
 Amount 
Yield (1)
 Amount 
Yield (1)
 Amount 
Yield (1)
 Amount 
Yield (1)
Due in One
Year or Less
 
Due after One Year
through Five Years
 
Due after Five Years
through Ten Years
 
Due after
Ten Years
 Total
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018Amount Yield (1) Amount Yield (1) Amount Yield (1) Amount Yield (1) Amount Yield (1)
Amortized cost of debt securities carried at fair value 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Mortgage-backed securities: 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Agency$2
 5.50% $26
 3.94% $519
 2.57% $188,879
 3.22% $189,426
 3.22%$
 % $24
 4.12% $463
 2.62% $141,234
 3.31% $141,721
 3.31%
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
 
 
 
 32
 2.53
 6,493
 3.17
 6,525
 3.17

 
 
 
 31
 2.48
 5,847
 3.17
 5,878
 3.17
Commercial54
 9.55
 1,662
 2.15
 11,350
 2.44
 932
 2.61
 13,998
 2.44
314
 1.74
 2,391
 2.36
 10,658
 2.50
 775
 2.97
 14,138
 2.49
Non-agency residential
 
 
 
 22
 0.01
 4,843
 9.44
 4,865
 9.40

 
 
 
 19
 n/m
 3,439
 9.66
 3,458
 9.61
Total mortgage-backed securities56
 9.40
 1,688
 2.18
 11,923
 2.44
 201,147
 3.37
 214,814
 3.31
314
 1.74
 2,415
 2.38
 11,171
 2.50
 151,295
 3.45
 165,195
 3.36
U.S. Treasury and agency securities543
 0.41
 26,339
 1.41
 27,849
 2.12
 22
 2.57
 54,753
 1.76
643
 0.71
 33,567
 1.47
 20,418
 2.27
 36
 2.70
 54,664
 1.76
Non-U.S. securities14,405
 0.95
 2,110
 0.92
 214
 1.17
 153
 6.64
 16,882
 1.00
16,518
 0.77
 1,305
 1.08
 2
 3.56
 128
 6.15
 17,953
 0.83
Other taxable securities, substantially all asset-backed securities972
 3.12
 2,496
 3.21
 1,072
 3.43
 286
 8.13
 4,826
 3.54
685
 3.88
 2,236
 3.28
 789
 3.47
 96
 4.68
 3,806
 3.46
Total taxable securities15,976
 1.10
 32,633
 1.55
 41,058
 2.24
 201,608
 3.37
 291,275
 2.89
18,160
 0.90
 39,523
 1.61
 32,380
 2.38
 151,555
 3.45
 241,618
 2.82
Tax-exempt securities691
 1.58
 6,922
 2.10
 8,626
 2.07
 2,894
 1.94
 19,133
 2.04
1,737
 2.57
 7,234
 2.42
 6,929
 2.38
 2,501
 2.78
 18,401
 2.47
Total amortized cost of debt securities carried at fair value$16,667
 1.12
 $39,555
 1.65
 $49,684
 2.21
 $204,502
 3.35
 $310,408
 2.83
$19,897
 1.05
 $46,757
 1.74
 $39,309
 2.38
 $154,056
 3.44
 $260,019
 2.79
Amortized cost of HTM debt securities (2)
$2
 4.35
 $67
 3.84
 $1,358
 2.74
 $122,112
 3.04
 $123,539
 3.04
$4
 3.36
 $55
 3.62
 $1,484
 2.76
 $192,929
 3.22
 $194,472
 3.22
                                      
Debt securities carried at fair value 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Mortgage-backed securities: 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Agency$2
  
 $27
  
 $512
  
 $183,570
  
 $184,111
  
$
  
 $25
  
 $452
  
 $135,635
  
 $136,112
  
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
  
 
  
 31
  
 6,367
  
 6,398
  

  
 
  
 29
  
 5,649
  
 5,678
  
Commercial54
  
 1,635
  
 10,973
  
 897
  
 13,559
  
312
  
 2,323
  
 10,138
  
 737
  
 13,510
  
Non-agency residential
  
 
  
 32
  
 5,308
  
 5,340
  

  
 
  
 36
  
 3,797
  
 3,833
  
Total mortgage-backed securities56
   1,662
   11,548
   196,142
   209,408
  312
   2,348
   10,655
   145,818
   159,133
  
U.S. Treasury and agency securities541
   25,460
   26,950
   21
   52,972
  642
   32,106
   19,523
   35
   52,306
  
Non-U.S. securities14,403
  
 2,125
  
 214
  
 159
  
 16,901
  
16,519
  
 1,314
  
 2
  
 132
  
 17,967
  
Other taxable securities, substantially all asset-backed securities967
  
 2,493
  
 1,122
  
 358
  
 4,940
  
681
  
 2,255
  
 829
  
 114
  
 3,879
  
Total taxable securities15,967
  
 31,740
  
 39,834
  
 196,680
  
 284,221
  
18,154
  
 38,023
  
 31,009
  
 146,099
  
 233,285
  
Tax-exempt securities691
  
 6,930
  
 8,582
  
 2,874
  
 19,077
  
1,736
  
 7,235
  
 6,897
  
 2,482
  
 18,350
  
Total debt securities carried at fair value$16,658
  
 $38,670
  
 $48,416
  
 $199,554
  
 $303,298
  
$19,890
  
 $45,258
  
 $37,906
  
 $148,581
  
 $251,635
  
Fair value of HTM debt securities (2)
$2
   $67
   $1,307
   $117,756
   $119,132
  $4
   $55
   $1,415
   $186,514
   $187,988
  
(1) 
The average yield is computed based on a constant effective interest rate over the contractual life of each security. The average yield considers the contractual coupon and the amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, excluding the effect of related hedging derivatives.
(2) 
Substantially all U.S. agency MBS.
n/m = not meaningful


73Bank of America68






NOTE 5 Outstanding Loans and Leases
The following tables present total outstanding loans and leases and an aging analysis for the Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments, by class of financing receivables, at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
                              
30-59 Days Past Due (1)
 
60-89 Days Past Due (1)
 
90 Days or
More
Past Due (2)
 
Total Past
Due 30 Days
or More
 
Total Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due (3)
 
Purchased
Credit-impaired
(4)
 Loans Accounted for Under the Fair Value Option 
Total
Outstandings
30-59 Days Past Due (1)
 
60-89 Days Past Due (1)
 
90 Days or
More
Past Due (2)
 
Total Past
Due 30 Days
or More
 
Total Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due (3)
 
Purchased
Credit-impaired
(4)
 Loans Accounted for Under the Fair Value Option 
Total
Outstandings
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018September 30, 2018
Consumer real estate 
    
  
  
  
  
  
 
    
  
  
  
  
  
Core portfolio                              
Residential mortgage$1,080
 $284
 $962
 $2,326
 $177,252
     $179,578
$1,248
 $253
 $814
 $2,315
 $186,975
     $189,290
Home equity202
 119
 491
 812
 41,756
     42,568
200
 89
 453
 742
 39,854
     40,596
Non-core portfolio                              
Residential mortgage (5)
852
 406
 3,106
 4,364
 12,580
 $7,590
   24,534
815
 351
 2,345
 3,511
 10,044
 $5,341
   18,896
Home equity193
 114
 549
 856
 9,339
 2,545
   12,740
162
 78
 398
 638
 8,190
 1,811
   10,639
Credit card and other consumer                              
U.S. credit card515
 355
 925
 1,795
 91,219
     93,014
546
 387
 872
 1,805
 93,024
     94,829
Direct/Indirect consumer (6)(5)
253
 73
 41
 367
 90,846
     91,213
297
 84
 37
 418
 90,920
     91,338
Other consumer (7)(6)
9
 2
 1
 12
 2,848
     2,860

 
 
 
 203
     203
Total consumer3,104
 1,353
 6,075
 10,532
 425,840
 10,135
   446,507
3,268
 1,242
 4,919
 9,429
 429,210
 7,152
   445,791
Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option (8)(7)
 
  
  
  
  
  
 $894
 894
 
  
  
  
  
  
 $755
 755
Total consumer loans and leases3,104
 1,353
 6,075
 10,532
 425,840
 10,135
 894
 447,401
3,268
 1,242
 4,919
 9,429
 429,210
 7,152
 755
 446,546
Commercial                              
U.S. commercial773
 173
 416
 1,362
 287,114
     288,476
433
 127
 469
 1,029
 284,633
     285,662
Non-U.S. commercial36
 
 
 36
 97,329
     97,365
29
 
 
 29
 95,973
     96,002
Commercial real estate (9)(8)
159
 
 37
 196
 59,889
     60,085
20
 33
 10
 63
 60,772
     60,835
Commercial lease financing173
 29
 27
 229
 21,535
     21,764
48
 94
 41
 183
 21,363
     21,546
U.S. small business commercial79
 43
 87
 209
 13,683
     13,892
68
 48
 89
 205
 14,029
     14,234
Total commercial1,220
 245
 567
 2,032
 479,550
     481,582
598
 302
 609
 1,509
 476,770
     478,279
Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option (8)(7)
 
  
  
  
  
  
 5,095
 5,095
 
  
  
  
  
  
 4,976
 4,976
Total commercial loans and leases1,220
 245
 567
 2,032
 479,550
   5,095
 486,677
598
 302
 609
 1,509
 476,770
   4,976
 483,255
Total loans and leases (10)
$4,324
 $1,598
 $6,642
 $12,564
 $905,390
 $10,135
 $5,989
 $934,078
Total loans and leases (9)
$3,866
 $1,544
 $5,528
 $10,938
 $905,980
 $7,152
 $5,731
 $929,801
Percentage of outstandings0.47% 0.17% 0.71% 1.35% 96.93% 1.08% 0.64% 100.00%0.42% 0.17% 0.59% 1.18% 97.44% 0.77% 0.61% 100.00%
(1) 
Consumer real estate loans 30-59 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $689714 million and nonperforming loans of $267233 million. Consumer real estate loans 60-89 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $341309 million and nonperforming loans of $200175 million.
(2) 
Consumer real estate includes fully-insured loans of $2.92.2 billion.
(3) 
Consumer real estate includes $2.22.0 billion and direct/indirect consumer includes $4344 million of nonperforming loans.
(4) 
Purchased credit-impaired (PCI) loan amounts are shown gross of the valuation allowance.
(5) 
Total outstandings includes pay optionauto and specialty lending loans and leases of $50.1 billion, unsecured consumer lending loans of $1.3392 million, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $37.4 billion, non-U.S. consumer loans of $2.7 billion and other consumer loans of $756 million. The Corporation no longer originates this product.
(6) 
Total outstandings includes auto and specialty lending loansSubstantially all of$49.1 billion, unsecured consumer lending loans of $428 million, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $38.1 billion, non-U.S. consumer loans of $2.9 billion and other consumer loans of $676 million.
is consumer overdrafts.
(7)
Total outstandings includes consumer leases of $2.7 billion and consumer overdrafts of $129 million.
(8) 
Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option includes residential mortgage loans of $523407 million and home equity loans of $371348 million. Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option includes U.S. commercial loans of $3.23.6 billion and non-U.S. commercial loans of $1.91.4 billion. For more information, see Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements and Note 15 – Fair Value Option.
(9)(8) 
Total outstandings includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $55.656.9 billion and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $4.53.9 billion.
(10)(9) 
Total outstandings Includesincludes loans and leases pledged as collateral of $47.845.6 billion. The Corporation also pledged $151.4158.5 billion of loans with no related outstanding borrowings to secure potential borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB).

69Bank of America74






                              
30-59 Days
Past Due
(1)
 
60-89 Days Past Due (1)
 
90 Days or
More
Past Due
(2)
 Total Past
Due 30 Days
or More
 
Total
Current or
Less Than
30 Days
Past Due (3)
 
Purchased
Credit-impaired
(4)
 
Loans
Accounted
for Under
the Fair
Value Option
 Total Outstandings
30-59 Days
Past Due
(1)
 
60-89 Days Past Due (1)
 
90 Days or
More
Past Due
(2)
 Total Past
Due 30 Days
or More
 
Total
Current or
Less Than
30 Days
Past Due (3)
 
Purchased
Credit-impaired
(4)
 
Loans
Accounted
for Under
the Fair
Value Option
 Total Outstandings
(Dollars in millions)December 31, 2017December 31, 2017
Consumer real estate 
    
  
  
  
  
  
 
    
  
  
  
  
  
Core portfolio                              
Residential mortgage$1,242
 $321
 $1,040
 $2,603
 $174,015
    
 $176,618
$1,242
 $321
 $1,040
 $2,603
 $174,015
    
 $176,618
Home equity215
 108
 473
 796
 43,449
    
 44,245
215
 108
 473
 796
 43,449
    
 44,245
Non-core portfolio   
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
Residential mortgage (5)
1,028
 468
 3,535
 5,031
 14,161
 $8,001
  
 27,193
Residential mortgage1,028
 468
 3,535
 5,031
 14,161
 $8,001
  
 27,193
Home equity224
 121
 572
 917
 9,866
 2,716
  
 13,499
224
 121
 572
 917
 9,866
 2,716
  
 13,499
Credit card and other consumer   
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
U.S. credit card542
 405
 900
 1,847
 94,438
    
 96,285
542
 405
 900
 1,847
 94,438
    
 96,285
Direct/Indirect consumer (6)(5)
320
 102
 43
 465
 93,365
    
 93,830
330
 104
 44
 478
 95,864
    
 96,342
Other consumer (7)(6)
10
 2
 1
 13
 2,665
    
 2,678

 
 
 
 166
    
 166
Total consumer3,581
 1,527
 6,564
 11,672
 431,959
 10,717
  
454,348
3,581
 1,527
 6,564
 11,672
 431,959
 10,717
  
454,348
Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option (8)(7)
            $928

928
            $928

928
Total consumer loans and leases3,581
 1,527
 6,564
 11,672
 431,959
 10,717
 928
 455,276
3,581
 1,527
 6,564
 11,672
 431,959
 10,717
 928
 455,276
Commercial   
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
U.S. commercial547
 244
 425
 1,216
 283,620
    
 284,836
547
 244
 425
 1,216
 283,620
    
 284,836
Non-U.S. commercial52
 1
 3
 56
 97,736
    
 97,792
52
 1
 3
 56
 97,736
    
 97,792
Commercial real estate (9)(8)
48
 10
 29
 87
 58,211
    
 58,298
48
 10
 29
 87
 58,211
    
 58,298
Commercial lease financing110
 68
 26
 204
 21,912
    
 22,116
110
 68
 26
 204
 21,912
    
 22,116
U.S. small business commercial95
 45
 88
 228
 13,421
    
 13,649
95
 45
 88
 228
 13,421
    
 13,649
Total commercial852
 368
 571
 1,791
 474,900
    
 476,691
852
 368
 571
 1,791
 474,900
    
 476,691
Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option (8)(7)
            4,782
 4,782
            4,782
 4,782
Total commercial loans and leases852
 368
 571
 1,791
 474,900
   4,782
 481,473
852
 368
 571
 1,791
 474,900
   4,782
 481,473
Total loans and leases (10)
$4,433
 $1,895
 $7,135
 $13,463
 $906,859
 $10,717
 $5,710
 $936,749
Total loans and leases (9)
$4,433
 $1,895
 $7,135
 $13,463
 $906,859
 $10,717
 $5,710
 $936,749
Percentage of outstandings0.48% 0.20% 0.76% 1.44% 96.81% 1.14% 0.61% 100.00%0.48% 0.20% 0.76% 1.44% 96.81% 1.14% 0.61% 100.00%
(1) 
Consumer real estate loans 30-59 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $850 million and nonperforming loans of $253 million. Consumer real estate loans 60-89 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $386 million and nonperforming loans of $195 million.
(2) 
Consumer real estate includes fully-insured loans of $3.2 billion.
(3) 
Consumer real estate includes $2.3 billion and direct/indirect consumer includes $43 million of nonperforming loans.
(4) 
PCI loan amounts are shown gross of the valuation allowance.
(5) 
Total outstandings includes pay option loans of $1.4 billion. The Corporation no longer originates this product.
(6)
Total outstandings includes auto and specialty lending loans and leases of $49.952.4 billion, unsecured consumer lending loans of $469 million, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $39.8 billion, non-U.S. consumer loans of $3.0 billion and other consumer loans of $684 million.
(7)(6) 
Total outstandings includesSubstantially all of other consumer leases of $2.5 billion andis consumer overdrafts of $163 million.
overdrafts.
(8)(7) 
Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option includes residential mortgage loans of $567 million and home equity loans of $361 million. Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option includes U.S. commercial loans of $2.6 billion and non-U.S. commercial loans of $2.2 billion. For more information, see Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements and Note 15 – Fair Value Option.
(9)(8) 
Total outstandings includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $54.8 billion and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $3.5 billion.
(10)(9) 
Total outstandings Includesincludes loans and leases pledged as collateral of $40.1 billion. The Corporation also pledged $160.3 billion of loans with no related outstanding borrowings to secure potential borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank and FHLB.
The Corporation categorizes consumer real estate loans ascore and non-core based on loan and customer characteristics such as origination date, product type, LTV, FICO score and delinquency status consistent with its current consumer and mortgage servicing strategy. Generally, loans that were originated after January 1, 2010, qualified under government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) underwriting guidelines, or otherwise met the Corporation’s underwriting guidelines in place in 2015 are characterized as core loans. All other loans are generally characterized as non-core loans and represent run-off portfolios.
The Corporation has entered into long-term credit protection agreements with FNMA and FHLMC on loans totaling $6.26.1 billion and $6.3 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, providing full credit protection on residential mortgage loans that become severely delinquent. All of these loans are individually insured and therefore the Corporation does not record an allowance for credit losses related to these loans.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, certain consumer real estate loans, primarily non-core, with carrying values of $3.7 billion and $4.9 billion were sold, resulting in gains of $84 million and $656 million recorded in other income in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Nonperforming Loans and Leases
The Corporation classifies junior-lien home equity loans as nonperforming when the first-lien loan becomes 90 days past due even if the junior-lien loan is performing. At March 31,September 30, 2018 and
December 31, 2017, $294$225 million and $330 million of such junior-lien home equity loans were included in nonperforming loans.
The Corporation classifies consumer real estate loans that have been discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy and not reaffirmed by the borrower as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs), irrespective of payment history or delinquency status, even if the repayment terms for the loan have not been otherwise modified. The Corporation continues to have a lien on the underlying collateral. At March 31,September 30, 2018, nonperforming loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms were $299$220 million of which $165$113 million were current on their contractual payments, while $113$90 million were 90 days or more past due. Of the contractually current nonperforming loans, 6266 percent were discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy over 12 months ago, and 5358 percent were discharged 24 months or more ago.

75Bank of America






During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, and 2017, the Corporation sold nonperforming and other delinquentPCI consumer real estate loans with a carrying value of $378$2.1 billion and $2.7 billion, including $2.0 billion and $2.1 billion of PCI loans, compared to $700 million and $142 million,$1.2 billion, including $109$538 million and $0$742 million of PCI loans. The Corporation recorded net recoveries of $20 million and $11 million related to these sales. Gains related to these sales of $16 million and $6 million were recordedloans, for the same periods in other income in the Consolidated

Bank of America70


Statement of Income.2017. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Corporation transferred consumer nonperforming loans with a net carrying value of $2 million and $221$198 million to held for sale.
The table below presents the Corporation’s nonperforming loans and leases including nonperforming TDRs, and loans accruing past due 90 days or more at March 31,September 30, 2018 and
December 31, 2017. Nonperforming loans held-for-sale (LHFS) are excluded from nonperforming loans and leases as they are recorded at either fair value or the lower of cost or fair value. For more information on the criteria for classification as nonperforming, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
              
Credit QualityCredit Quality  Credit Quality  
              
Nonperforming Loans
and Leases
 
Accruing Past Due
90 Days or More
Nonperforming Loans
and Leases
 
Accruing Past Due
90 Days or More
(Dollars in millions)March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
Consumer real estate 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
Core portfolio              
Residential mortgage (1)
$1,073
 $1,087
 $385
 $417
$1,011
 $1,087
 $308
 $417
Home equity1,118
 1,079
 
 
1,056
 1,079
 
 
Non-core portfolio 
  
  
   
  
  
  
Residential mortgage (1)
1,189
 1,389
 2,500
 2,813
1,023
 1,389
 1,853
 2,813
Home equity1,480
 1,565
 
 
1,170
 1,565
 
 
Credit card and other consumer 
  
     
  
    
U.S. credit cardn/a
 n/a
 925
 900
n/a
 n/a
 872
 900
Direct/Indirect consumer46
 46
 38
 40
46
 46
 35
 40
Other consumer
 
 1
 

 
 
 
Total consumer4,906
 5,166
 3,849
 4,170
4,306
 5,166
 3,068
 4,170
Commercial 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
U.S. commercial1,059
 814
 98
 144
699
 814
 114
 144
Non-U.S. commercial255
 299
 
 3
31
 299
 
 3
Commercial real estate73
 112
 13
 4
46
 112
 1
 4
Commercial lease financing27
 24
 8
 19
14
 24
 33
 19
U.S. small business commercial58
 55
 76
 75
58
 55
 73
 75
Total commercial1,472
 1,304
 195
 245
848
 1,304
 221
 245
Total loans and leases$6,378
 $6,470
 $4,044
 $4,415
$5,154
 $6,470
 $3,289
 $4,415
(1) 
Residential mortgage loans in the core and non-core portfolios accruing past due 90 days or more are fully-insured loans. At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, residential mortgage includes $2.01.6 billion and $2.2 billion of loans on which interest has been curtailed by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), and therefore are no longer accruing interest, although principal is still insured, and $885579 million and $1.0 billion of loans on which interest is still accruing.
n/a = not applicable
Credit Quality Indicators
The Corporation monitors credit quality within its Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments based on primary credit quality indicators. For more information on the portfolio segments and their related credit quality indicators, see Significant Accounting Principles Loans and Leases in Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting
Principles and Credit Quality Indicators in Note 4 – Outstanding Loans and Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Bank of America76


The following tables present certain credit quality indicators for the Corporation’s Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments, by class of financing receivables, at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
                      
Consumer Real Estate – Credit Quality Indicators (1)
Consumer Real Estate – Credit Quality Indicators (1)
Consumer Real Estate – Credit Quality Indicators (1)
                      
Core Residential
Mortgage (2)
 
Non-core Residential
Mortgage
(2)
 
Residential Mortgage
PCI (3)
 
Core Home Equity (2)
 
Non-core Home
Equity (2)
 
Home
Equity PCI
Core Residential
Mortgage (2)
 
Non-core Residential
Mortgage
(2)
 
Residential Mortgage
PCI
 
Core Home Equity (2)
 
Non-core Home
Equity (2)
 
Home
Equity PCI
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018September 30, 2018
Refreshed LTV (4)(3)
 
  
  
  
     
  
  
  
    
Less than or equal to 90 percent$157,236
 $10,484
 $6,535
 $41,498
 $7,629
 $1,691
$168,949
 $8,594
 $4,720
 $39,719
 $6,862
 $1,277
Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent3,046
 783
 530
 488
 985
 379
2,483
 503
 310
 409
 757
 248
Greater than 100 percent1,357
 907
 525
 582
 1,581
 475
923
 544
 311
 468
 1,209
 286
Fully-insured loans (5)
17,939
 4,770
 
 
 
 
Fully-insured loans (4)
16,935
 3,914
 

 

 

 

Total consumer real estate$179,578
 $16,944
 $7,590
 $42,568
 $10,195
 $2,545
$189,290
 $13,555
 $5,341
 $40,596
 $8,828
 $1,811
Refreshed FICO score                      
Less than 620$2,183
 $2,060
 $1,790
 $1,165
 $1,976
 $425
$2,115
 $1,673
 $1,185
 $1,118
 $1,650
 $290
Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 6804,417
 1,771
 1,530
 2,261
 2,243
 425
4,379
 1,387
 1,010
 2,096
 1,883
 288
Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 74022,407
 2,988
 2,273
 7,685
 2,592
 729
22,973
 2,327
 1,574
 7,113
 2,288
 511
Greater than or equal to 740132,632
 5,355
 1,997
 31,457
 3,384
 966
142,888
 4,254
 1,572
 30,269
 3,007
 722
Fully-insured loans (5)
17,939
 4,770
 
 
 
 
Fully-insured loans (4)
16,935
 3,914
 

 

 

 

Total consumer real estate$179,578
 $16,944
 $7,590
 $42,568
 $10,195
 $2,545
$189,290
 $13,555
 $5,341
 $40,596
 $8,828
 $1,811
(1) 
Excludes $894755 million of loans accounted for under the fair value option.
(2) 
Excludes PCI loans.
(3) 
Includes $1.1 billion of pay option loans. The Corporation no longer originates this product.
(4)
Refreshed LTV percentages for PCI loans are calculated using the carrying value net of the related valuation allowance.
(5)(4) 
Credit quality indicators are not reported for fully-insured loans as principal repayment is insured.

71Bank of America






          
Credit Card and Other Consumer – Credit Quality IndicatorsCredit Card and Other Consumer – Credit Quality IndicatorsCredit Card and Other Consumer – Credit Quality Indicators  
          
U.S. Credit
Card
 
Direct/Indirect
Consumer
 
Other
Consumer
U.S. Credit
Card
 
Direct/Indirect
Consumer
 Other Consumer
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018September 30, 2018
Refreshed FICO score 
  
  
 
  
  
Less than 620$4,704
 $1,635
 $57
$4,683
 $1,752
 

Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 68012,052
 1,902
 155
11,974
 3,260
 

Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 74034,673
 11,480
 429
34,896
 9,090
 

Greater than or equal to 74041,585
 34,467
 2,088
43,276
 36,351
 

Other internal credit metrics (1, 2)

 41,729
 131


 40,885
 $203
Total credit card and other consumer$93,014
 $91,213
 $2,860
$94,829
 $91,338
 $203
(1) 
Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, geography or other factors.
(2) 
Direct/indirect consumer includes $41.140.1 billion of securities-based lending which is overcollateralized and therefore has minimal credit risk.
                  
Commercial – Credit Quality Indicators (1)
Commercial – Credit Quality Indicators (1)
    
Commercial – Credit Quality Indicators (1)
    
                  
U.S.
Commercial
 
Non-U.S.
Commercial
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Commercial
Lease
Financing
 
U.S. Small
Business
Commercial (2)
U.S.
Commercial
 
Non-U.S.
Commercial
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Commercial
Lease
Financing
 
U.S. Small
Business
Commercial (2)
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018September 30, 2018
Risk ratings 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
Pass rated$279,492
 $95,807
 $59,562
 $21,275
 $314
$277,732
 $94,868
 $60,271
 $21,173
 $275
Reservable criticized8,984
 1,558
 523
 489
 42
7,930
 1,134
 564
 373
 31
Refreshed FICO score (3)
         
         
Less than 620 
       238
 
       242
Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680        648
        650
Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740        1,926
        1,993
Greater than or equal to 740        3,869
        4,181
Other internal credit metrics (3, 4)
        6,855
        6,862
Total commercial$288,476
 $97,365
 $60,085
 $21,764
 $13,892
$285,662
 $96,002
 $60,835
 $21,546
 $14,234
(1) 
Excludes $5.15.0 billion of loans accounted for under the fair value option.
(2) 
U.S. small business commercial includes $719699 million of criticized business card and small business loans which are evaluated using refreshed FICO scores or internal credit metrics, including delinquency status, rather than risk ratings. At March 31,September 30, 2018, 99 percent of the balances where internal credit metrics are used was current or less than 30 days past due.
(3) 
Refreshed FICO score and other internal credit metrics are applicable only to the U.S. small business commercial portfolio.
(4) 
Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, application scores, geography or other factors.

77Bank of America






                      
Consumer Real Estate – Credit Quality Indicators (1)
Consumer Real Estate – Credit Quality Indicators (1)
Consumer Real Estate – Credit Quality Indicators (1)
                      
Core Residential
Mortgage (2)
 
Non-core Residential
Mortgage
(2)
 
Residential Mortgage
PCI (3)
 
Core Home Equity (2)
 
Non-core Home Equity (2)
 
Home
Equity PCI
Core Residential
Mortgage (2)
 
Non-core Residential
Mortgage
(2)
 
Residential Mortgage
PCI
 
Core Home Equity (2)
 
Non-core Home
Equity
(2)
 
Home
Equity PCI
(Dollars in millions)December 31, 2017December 31, 2017
Refreshed LTV (4)(3)
 
  
  
  
     
  
  
  
    
Less than or equal to 90 percent$153,669
 $12,135
 $6,872
 $43,048
 $7,944
 $1,781
$153,669
 $12,135
 $6,872
 $43,048
 $7,944
 $1,781
Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent3,082
 850
 559
 549
 1,053
 412
3,082
 850
 559
 549
 1,053
 412
Greater than 100 percent1,322
 1,011
 570
 648
 1,786
 523
1,322
 1,011
 570
 648
 1,786
 523
Fully-insured loans (5)(4)
18,545
 5,196
 
 
 
 
18,545
 5,196
 

 

 

 

Total consumer real estate$176,618
 $19,192
 $8,001
 $44,245
 $10,783
 $2,716
$176,618
 $19,192
 $8,001
 $44,245
 $10,783
 $2,716
Refreshed FICO score 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
Less than 620$2,234
 $2,390
 $1,941
 $1,169
 $2,098
 $452
$2,234
 $2,390
 $1,941
 $1,169
 $2,098
 $452
Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 6804,531
 2,086
 1,657
 2,371
 2,393
 466
4,531
 2,086
 1,657
 2,371
 2,393
 466
Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 74022,934
 3,519
 2,396
 8,115
 2,723
 786
22,934
 3,519
 2,396
 8,115
 2,723
 786
Greater than or equal to 740128,374
 6,001
 2,007
 32,590
 3,569
 1,012
128,374
 6,001
 2,007
 32,590
 3,569
 1,012
Fully-insured loans (5)(4)
18,545
 5,196
 
 
 
 
18,545
 5,196
 

 

 

 

Total consumer real estate$176,618
 $19,192
 $8,001
 $44,245
 $10,783
 $2,716
$176,618
 $19,192
 $8,001
 $44,245
 $10,783
 $2,716
(1) 
Excludes $928 million of loans accounted for under the fair value option.
(2) 
Excludes PCI loans.
(3) 
Includes $1.2 billion of pay option loans. The Corporation no longer originates this product.
(4)
Refreshed LTV percentages for PCI loans are calculated using the carrying value net of the related valuation allowance.
(5)(4) 
Credit quality indicators are not reported for fully-insured loans as principal repayment is insured.

��
Bank of America72


          
Credit Card and Other Consumer – Credit Quality IndicatorsCredit Card and Other Consumer – Credit Quality IndicatorsCredit Card and Other Consumer – Credit Quality Indicators  
          
U.S. Credit
Card
 
Direct/Indirect
Consumer
 
Other
Consumer
U.S. Credit
Card
 
Direct/Indirect
Consumer
 Other Consumer
(Dollars in millions)December 31, 2017December 31, 2017
Refreshed FICO score 
  
  
 
  
  
Less than 620$4,730
 $1,630
 $49
$4,730
 $2,005
 

Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 68012,422
 2,000
 143
12,422
 4,064
 

Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 74035,656
 11,906
 398
35,656
 10,371
 

Greater than or equal to 74043,477
 34,838
 1,921
43,477
 36,445
 

Other internal credit metrics (1, 2)

 43,456
 167


 43,457
 $166
Total credit card and other consumer$96,285
 $93,830
 $2,678
$96,285
 $96,342
 $166
(1) 
Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, geography or other factors.
(2) 
Direct/indirect consumer includes $42.8 billion of securities-based lending which is overcollateralized and therefore has minimal credit risk.
          
Commercial – Credit Quality Indicators (1)
    
          
 
U.S.
Commercial
 
Non-U.S.
Commercial
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Commercial
Lease
Financing
 
U.S. Small
Business
Commercial (2)
(Dollars in millions)December 31, 2017
Risk ratings 
  
  
  
  
Pass rated$275,904
 $96,199
 $57,732
 $21,535
 $322
Reservable criticized8,932
 1,593
 566
 581
 50
Refreshed FICO score (3)
         
Less than 620        223
Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 680        625
Greater than or equal to 680 and less than 740        1,875
Greater than or equal to 740        3,713
Other internal credit metrics (3, 4)
        6,841
Total commercial$284,836
 $97,792
 $58,298
 $22,116
 $13,649
(1) 
Excludes $4.8 billion of loans accounted for under the fair value option.
(2) 
U.S. small business commercial includes $709 million of criticized business card and small business loans which are evaluated using refreshed FICO scores or internal credit metrics, including delinquency status, rather than risk ratings. At December 31, 2017, 98 percent of the balances where internal credit metrics are used was current or less than 30 days past due.
(3) 
Refreshed FICO score and other internal credit metrics are applicable only to the U.S. small business commercial portfolio.
(4) 
Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, application scores, geography or other factors.

Bank of America78


Impaired Loans and Troubled Debt Restructurings
A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information, it is probable that the Corporation will be unable to collect all amounts due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. For additional information on impaired loans, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles and Note 4 – Outstanding Loans and Leasesto the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Consumer Real Estate
Impaired consumer real estate loans within the Consumer Real Estate portfolio segment consist entirely of TDRs. Excluding PCI loans, most modifications of consumer real estate loans meet the definition of TDRs when a binding offer is extended to a borrower. For more information on impaired consumer real estate loans, see Note 4 – Outstanding Loans and Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Consumer real estate loans that have been discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms and not reaffirmed by the borrower of $1.1 billion$951 million were included in TDRs at March 31,September 30, 2018, of which $299$220 million were classified as nonperforming and $405$362 million were loans fully-insured by the FHA. For more information on loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy, see Nonperforming Loans and Leases in this Note.
 
At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, remaining commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in a consumer real estate TDR were immaterial.not significant. Consumer real estate foreclosed properties totaled $264$265 million and $236 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The carrying value of consumer real estate loans, including fully-insured and PCI loans, for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process at March 31,September 30, 2018 was $3.3$2.7 billion. During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, and 2017, the Corporation reclassified $168$186 million and $200$505 million of consumer real estate loans to foreclosed properties or, for properties acquired upon foreclosure of certain government-guaranteed loans (principally FHA-insured loans), to other assets. This compared to reclassifications of $198 million and $624 million for the same periods in 2017. The reclassifications represent non-cash investing activities and, accordingly, are not reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
The table below provides the unpaid principal balance, carrying value and related allowance at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and the average carrying value and interest income recognized for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017 for impaired loans in the Corporation’s Consumer Real Estate portfolio segment. Certain impaired consumer real estate loans do not have a related allowance as the current valuation of these impaired loans exceeded the carrying value, which is net of previously recorded charge-offs.

73Bank of America






                          
Impaired Loans – Consumer Real EstateImpaired Loans – Consumer Real Estate  Impaired Loans – Consumer Real Estate  
                          
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value
 
Related
Allowance
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value
 
Related
Allowance
    
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value
 
Related
Allowance
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value
 
Related
Allowance
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017    September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
With no recorded allowance 
  
  
  
  
       
  
  
  
  
  
Residential mortgage$6,793
 $5,451
 $
 $8,856
 $6,870
 $
    $6,016
 $4,783
 $
 $8,856
 $6,870
 $
Home equity3,583
 1,943
 
 3,622
 1,956
 
    3,345
 1,828
 
 3,622
 1,956
 
With an allowance recorded     
               
      
Residential mortgage$2,634
 $2,568
 $157
 $2,908
 $2,828
 $174
    $2,271
 $2,215
 $134
 $2,908
 $2,828
 $174
Home equity985
 910
 181
 972
 900
 174
    910
 849
 165
 972
 900
 174
Total 
  
  
      
Residential mortgage (1)
$9,427
 $8,019
 $157
 $11,764
 $9,698
 $174
Total (1)
     
  
  
      
Residential mortgage    $8,287
 $6,998
 $134
 $11,764
 $9,698
 $174
Home equity4,568
 2,853
 181
 4,594
 2,856
 174
    4,255
 2,677
 165
 4,594
 2,856
 174
                          
    Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
 Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
 Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
 Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
 Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
    Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
  2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017
With no recorded allowance                          
Residential mortgage    $6,462
 $65
 $8,456
 $79
$5,056
 $52
 $7,498
 $77
 $5,685
 $167
 $7,964
 $237
Home equity    1,961
 27
 1,991
 27
1,908
 27
 2,000
 27
 1,937
 79
 2,001
 82
With an allowance recorded                          
Residential mortgage    $2,705
 $25
 $3,832
 $35
$2,330
 $22
 $3,254
 $29
 $2,508
 $71
 $3,565
 $97
Home equity    892
 6
 825
 5
864
 7
 873
 6
 879
 19
 850
 18
Total           
Residential mortgage (1)
    $9,167
 $90
 $12,288
 $114
Total (1)
               
Residential mortgage$7,386
 $74
 $10,752
 $106
 $8,193
 $238
 $11,529
 $334
Home equity    2,853
 33
 2,816
 32
2,772
 34
 2,873
 33
 2,816
 98
 2,851
 100
(1) 
During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, the Corporation transferredpreviously impaired residential mortgageconsumer real estate loans with a carrying value of $1.21.6 billion to held for sale.were sold.
(2) 
Interest income recognized includes interest accrued and collected on the outstanding balances of accruing impaired loans as well as interest cash collections on nonaccruing impaired loans for which the principal is considered collectible.

79Bank of America






The table below presents the March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017 unpaid principal balance, carrying value, and average pre- and post-modification interest rates on consumer real estate loans that were modified in TDRs during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, and net charge-offs recorded during the period in which the modification occurred.2017. The following Consumer Real Estate portfolio segment tables include loans that were initially classified as TDRs during the period and also loans that had previously been classified as TDRs and were modified again during the period.
                        
Consumer Real Estate – TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017
Consumer Real Estate – TDRs Entered into During the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017Consumer Real Estate – TDRs Entered into During the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017
  
Unpaid Principal Balance 
Carrying
Value
 Pre-Modification Interest Rate 
Post-Modification Interest Rate (1)
 
Net
Charge-offs (2)
Unpaid Principal Balance 
Carrying
Value
 Pre-Modification Interest Rate 
Post-Modification Interest Rate (1)
 Unpaid Principal Balance Carrying
Value
 Pre-Modification Interest Rate 
Post-Modification Interest Rate (1)
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Residential mortgage$407
 $358
 4.39% 4.36% $3
$226
 $195
 4.27% 4.12% $747
 $635
 4.22% 4.03%
Home equity207
 161
 4.37
 4.37
 6
120
 90
 4.67
 4.60
 482
 356
 4.42
 3.78
Total(2)$614
 $519
 4.39
 4.36
 $9
$346
 $285
 4.41
 4.29
 $1,229
 $991
 4.30
 3.94
                        
March 31, 2017 Three Months Ended March 31, 2017Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Residential mortgage$382
 $344
 4.68% 4.44% $2
$294
 $263
 4.42% 4.33% $738
 $657
 4.49% 4.25%
Home equity248
 189
 4.90
 3.80
 6
212
 172
 4.01
 3.96
 630
 491
 4.16
 3.52
Total(2)$630
 $533
 4.77
 4.19
 $8
$506
 $435
 4.25
 4.17
 $1,368
 $1,148
 4.33
 3.90
(1) 
The post-modification interest rate reflects the interest rate applicable only to permanently completed modifications, which exclude loans that are in a trial modification period.
(2) 
Net charge-offs, which include amounts recorded on loans modified during the period that are no longer held by the Corporation at March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017 due to sales and other dispositions.dispositions, were $9 million and $33 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $17 million and $37 million for the same periods in 2017.

Bank of America74


The table below presents the March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017 carrying value for consumer real estate loans that were modified in a TDR during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, by type of modification.
          
Consumer Real Estate – Modification ProgramsConsumer Real Estate – Modification Programs  Consumer Real Estate – Modification Programs      
       
   TDRs Entered into During the
TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017
Modifications under government programs          
Contractual interest rate reduction$7
 $32
$5
 $10
 $19
 $56
Principal and/or interest forbearance
 1

 1
 
 4
Other modifications (1)
6
 2
7
 7
 29
 22
Total modifications under government programs13
 35
12
 18
 48
 82
Modifications under proprietary programs          
Contractual interest rate reduction11
 14
7
 15
 159
 178
Capitalization of past due amounts14
 5
10
 12
 67
 47
Principal and/or interest forbearance6
 3
2
 2
 25
 28
Other modifications (1)
169
 30
14
 1
 195
 45
Total modifications under proprietary programs200
 52
33
 30
 446
 298
Trial modifications242
 372
201
 329
 376
 605
Loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy (2)
64
 74
39
 58
 121
 163
Total modifications$519
 $533
$285
 $435
 $991
 $1,148
(1) 
Includes other modifications such as term or payment extensions and repayment plans. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, this included $168197 million of modifications related to the 2017 hurricanes that met the definition of a TDR.TDR related to the 2017 hurricanes. These modifications had been written down to their net realizable value less costs to sell or were fully insured as of March 31, 2018.September 30, 2018.
(2) 
Includes loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms that are classified as TDRs.
The table below presents the carrying value of consumer real estate loans that entered into payment default during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017 that were modified in a TDR during the 12 months preceding payment default. A payment default for consumer real estate TDRs is recognized when a borrower has missed three monthly payments (not necessarily consecutively) since modification.
          
Consumer Real Estate – TDRs Entering Payment Default that were Modified During the Preceding 12 Months
          
Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017
Modifications under government programs$13
 $26
$8
 $16
 $32
 $62
Modifications under proprietary programs31
 34
43
 32
 130
 99
Loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy (1)
23
 62
12
 16
 51
 93
Trial modifications (2)
45
 212
18
 54
 85
 312
Total modifications$112
 $334
$81
 $118
 $298
 $566
(1) 
Includes loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy with no change in repayment terms that are classified as TDRs.
(2) 
Includes trial modification offers to which the customer did not respond.


Bank of America80


Credit Card and Other Consumer
Impaired loans within the Credit Card and Other Consumer portfolio segment consist entirely of loans that have been modified in TDRs. The Corporation seeks to assist customers that are experiencing financial difficulty by modifying loans while ensuring compliance with federal, local and international laws and guidelines. Credit card and other consumer loan modifications generally involve reducing the interest rate on the account, placing the customer on a fixed payment plan not exceeding 60 months and canceling the customer’s available line of credit, all of which are considered TDRs. The Corporation makes loan modifications directly with borrowers for debt held only by the Corporation (internal programs). Additionally, the Corporation makes loan modifications for borrowers working with third-party renegotiation agencies that
 
provide solutions to customers’ entire unsecured debt structures (external programs). The Corporation classifies other secured consumer loans that have been discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy as TDRs which are written down to collateral value and placed on nonaccrual status no later than the time of discharge. For more information on the regulatory guidance on loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy, see Nonperforming Loans and Leases in this Note.
The table below provides the unpaid principal balance, carrying value and related allowance at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and the average carrying value and interest income recognized for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017 on TDRs within the Credit Card and Other Consumer portfolio segment.

75Bank of America






                           
Impaired Loans – Credit Card and Other ConsumerImpaired Loans – Credit Card and Other Consumer  Impaired Loans – Credit Card and Other Consumer  
                           
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value (1)
 
Related
Allowance
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value (1)
 
Related
Allowance
    
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value (1)
 
Related
Allowance
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value (1)
 
Related
Allowance
(Dollars in millions) March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017    September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
With no recorded allowance  
  
  
           
  
  
      
Direct/Indirect consumer $59
 $28
 $
 $58
 $28
 $
    $63
 $29
 $
 $58
 $28
 $
With an allowance recorded  
  
  
           
  
  
      
U.S. credit card $465
 $472
 $128
 $454
 $461
 $125
    $501
 $512
 $143
 $454
 $461
 $125
Direct/Indirect consumer 1
 1
 
 1
 1
 
    
 
 
 1
 1
 
Total  
  
  
  
  
       
  
  
  
  
  
U.S. credit card $465
 $472
 $128
 $454
 $461
 $125
    $501
 $512
 $143
 $454
 $461
 $125
Direct/Indirect consumer 60
 29
 
 59
 29
 
    63
 29
 
 59
 29
 
                           
     Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
 Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
 Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
 Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
 Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
     Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
   2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017
With no recorded allowance                           
Direct/Indirect consumer     $27
 $
 $19
 $
$30
 $1
 $20
 $
 $29
 $2
 $19
 $
With an allowance recorded      
  
     
  
      
  
    
U.S. credit card     $465
 $6
 $477
 $6
$498
 $7
 $457
 $6
 $481
 $19
 $466
 $18
Non-U.S. credit card (3)
     
 
 102
 1

 
 
 
 
 
 62
 1
Direct/Indirect consumer     1
 
 3
 
1
 
 2
 
 1
 
 2
 
Total      
  
     
  
      
  
    
U.S. credit card     $465
 $6
 $477
 $6
$498
 $7
 $457
 $6
 $481
 $19
 $466
 $18
Non-U.S. credit card (3)
     
 
 102
 1

 
 
 
 
 
 62
 1
Direct/Indirect consumer     28
 
 22
 
31
 1
 22
 
 30
 2
 21
 
(1) 
Includes accrued interest and fees.
(2) 
Interest income recognized includes interest accrued and collected on the outstanding balances of accruing impaired loans as well as interest cash collections on nonaccruing impaired loans for which the principal is considered collectible.
(3) 
In the second quarter of 2017, the Corporation sold its non-U.S. consumer credit card business.
The table below provides information on the Corporation’s primary modification programs for the Credit Card and Other Consumer TDR portfolio at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
                      
Credit Card and Other Consumer – TDRs by Program Type
          
U.S. Credit Card Direct/Indirect Consumer Total TDRs by Program TypeU.S. Credit Card Direct/Indirect Consumer Total TDRs by Program Type
(Dollars in millions)March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
 September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
Internal programs$212
 $203
 $1
 $1
 $213
 $204
$242
 $203
 $
 $1
 $242
 $204
External programs259
 257
 
 
 259
 257
269
 257
 
 
 269
 257
Other1
 1
 28
 28
 29
 29
1
 1
 29
 28
 30
 29
Total$472
 $461
 $29
 $29
 $501
 $490
$512
 $461
 $29
 $29
 $541
 $490
Percent of balances current or less than 30 days past due86.27% 86.92% 90.66% 88.16% 86.50% 87.00%86% 87% 90% 88% 86% 87%

81Bank of America






The table below provides information on the Corporation’s Credit Card and Other Consumer TDR portfolio including the March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017 unpaid principal balance, carrying value, and average pre- and post-modification interest rates of loans that were modified in TDRs during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, and net charge-offs recorded during the period in which the modification occurred.2017.
                      
Credit Card and Other Consumer – TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017
Credit Card and Other Consumer – TDRs Entered into During the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017Credit Card and Other Consumer – TDRs Entered into During the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017
                      
Unpaid Principal Balance 
Carrying Value (1)
 
Pre-
Modification
Interest Rate
 
Post-
Modification
Interest Rate
Unpaid Principal Balance 
Carrying Value (1)
 Pre-Modification Interest Rate Post-Modification Interest Rate Unpaid Principal Balance 
Carrying Value (1)
 Pre-Modification Interest Rate Post-Modification Interest Rate
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
U.S. credit card$74
 $80
 18.83% 5.20%$84
 $91
 19.45% 5.19% $212
 $224
 19.30% 5.24%
Direct/Indirect consumer17
 10
 4.98
 4.67
18
 10
 4.61
 4.50
 33
 19
 4.77
 4.58
Total (2)
$91
 $90
 17.24
 5.14
$102
 $101
 17.94
 5.12
 $245
 $243
 18.16
 5.19
                      
March 31, 2017Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
U.S. credit card$52
 $55
 18.01% 5.30%$60
 $64
 17.96% 5.40% $152
 $161
 17.88% 5.49%
Non-U.S. credit card (3)
34
 40
 23.89
 0.34
Direct/Indirect consumer10
 6
 4.08
 4.04
22
 14
 4.92
 4.53
 29
 18
 4.99
 4.37
Total (2)
$96
 $101
 19.51
 3.28
$82
 $78
 15.64
 5.25
 $181
 $179
 16.57
 5.37
(1) 
Includes accrued interest and fees.
(2) 
Net charge-offs were $816 million and $638 million for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $14 million and$33 million for the same periods in 2017.
(3)
In the second quarter of 2017, the Corporation sold its non-U.S. consumer credit card business.

Bank of America76


Credit card and other consumer loans are deemed to be in payment default during the quarter in which a borrower misses the second of two consecutive payments. Payment defaults are one of the factors considered when projecting future cash flows in the calculation of the allowance for loan and lease losses for impaired credit card and other consumer loans. Based on historical experience, the Corporation estimates that 13 percent of new U.S. credit card TDRs and 1816 percent of new direct/indirect consumer TDRs may be in payment default within 12 months after modification. Loans that entered into payment default during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017 that had been modified in a TDR during the preceding 12 months were $8$10 million and $7$26 million for U.S. credit card $0 and $32$1 million and $6 million for non-U.S.direct/indirect consumer. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, loans that entered into payment default that had been modified in a TDR during the preceding 12
months were $7 million and $19 million for U.S. credit card and $3$1 million and $1$3 million for direct/indirect consumer.
Commercial Loans
Impaired commercial loans include nonperforming loans and TDRs (both performing and nonperforming). For more information on
impaired commercial loans, see Note 4 – Outstanding Loans and Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, remaining commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in a commercial loan TDR were $199$256 million and $205 million.
Commercial foreclosed properties totaled $30 million and $52 million at both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Bank of America82


The table below provides information on impaired loans in the Commercial loan portfolio segment including the unpaid principal balance, carrying value and related allowance at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and the average carrying value and interest income recognized for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017. Certain impaired commercial loans do not have a related allowance asbecause the valuation of these impaired loans exceeded the carrying value, which is net of previously recorded charge-offs.
                          
Impaired Loans – CommercialImpaired Loans – Commercial  Impaired Loans – Commercial  
                          
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value
 
Related
Allowance
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value
 
Related
Allowance
    
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value
 
Related
Allowance
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Carrying
Value
 
Related
Allowance
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017    September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
With no recorded allowance 
  
  
  
  
       
  
  
  
  
  
U.S. commercial$814
 $772
 $
 $576
 $571
 $
    $697
 $684
 $
 $576
 $571
 $
Non-U.S. commercial113
 113
 
 14
 11
 
    10
 10
 
 14
 11
 
Commercial real estate62
 58
 
 83
 80
 
    42
 32
 
 83
 80
 
Commercial lease financing11
 11
 
 
 
 
    2
 2
 
 
 
 
With an allowance recorded           
               
U.S. commercial$1,448
 $1,206
 $137
 $1,393
 $1,109
 $98
    $1,334
 $1,073
 $115
 $1,393
 $1,109
 $98
Non-U.S. commercial394
 362
 72
 528
 507
 58
    233
 225
 19
 528
 507
 58
Commercial real estate102
 18
 2
 133
 41
 4
    104
 20
 2
 133
 41
 4
Commercial lease financing15
 4
 
 20
 18
 3
    72
 72
 
 20
 18
 3
U.S. small business commercial (1)
87
 74
 29
 84
 70
 27
U.S. small business commercial (1)
   90
 76
 29
 84
 70
 27
Total 
  
  
           
  
  
      
U.S. commercial$2,262
 $1,978
 $137
 $1,969
 $1,680
 $98
    $2,031
 $1,757
 $115
 $1,969
 $1,680
 $98
Non-U.S. commercial507
 475
 72
 542
 518
 58
    243
 235
 19
 542
 518
 58
Commercial real estate164
 76
 2
 216
 121
 4
    146
 52
 2
 216
 121
 4
Commercial lease financing26
 15
 
 20
 18
 3
    74
 74
 
 20
 18
 3
U.S. small business commercial (1)
87
 74
 29
 84
 70
 27
U.S. small business commercial (1)
   90
 76
 29
 84
 70
 27
                          
    Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
 Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
 Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
 Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
 Average
Carrying
Value
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
(2)
    Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
  2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017
With no recorded allowance 
  
  
  
     
  
      
  
    
U.S. commercial    $672
 $4
 $882
 $3
$640
 $4
 $726
 $3
 $659
 $12
 $822
 $9
Non-U.S. commercial    62
 2
 108
 
9
 
 14
 
 35
 2
 55
 
Commercial real estate    69
 
 60
 
68
 
 77
 1
 72
 1
 61
 1
Commercial lease financing    6
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
 4
 
 
 
With an allowance recorded                          
U.S. commercial    $1,105
 $11
 $1,487
 $9
$1,159
 $11
 $1,166
 $9
 $1,168
 $32
 $1,305
 $25
Non-U.S. commercial    445
 2
 453
 3
287
 3
 463
 3
 381
 9
 466
 9
Commercial real estate    36
 
 76
 1
10
 
 72
 
 19
 
 85
 2
Commercial lease financing    11
 
 3
 
58
 1
 10
 
 32
 1
 6
 
U.S. small business commercial (1)
    75
 
 74
 
74
 
 72
 
 74
 
 74
 
Total     
  
  
  
         
  
  
  
U.S. commercial    $1,777
 $15
 $2,369
 $12
$1,799
 $15
 $1,892
 $12
 $1,827
 $44
 $2,127
 $34
Non-U.S. commercial    507
 4
 561
 3
296
 3
 477
 3
 416
 11
 521
 9
Commercial real estate    105
 
 136
 1
78
 
 149
 1
 91
 1
 146
 3
Commercial lease financing    17
 
 3
 
61
 1
 10
 
 36
 1
 6
 
U.S. small business commercial (1)
    75
 
 74
 
74
 
 72
 
 74
 
 74
 
(1) 
Includes U.S. small business commercial renegotiated TDR loans and related allowance.
(2) 
Interest income recognized includes interest accrued and collected on the outstanding balances of accruing impaired loans as well as interest cash collections on nonaccruing impaired loans for which the principal is considered collectible.

7783     Bank of America

  





The table below presents the March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017 unpaid principal balance and carrying value of commercial loans that were modified as TDRs during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, and net charge-offs that were recorded during the period in which the modification occurred.2017. The table below includes loans that were initially classified as TDRs during the period and also loans that had previously been classified as TDRs and were modified again during the period.
          
Commercial – TDRs Entered into During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017
Commercial – TDRs Entered into During the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017Commercial – TDRs Entered into During the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017
    
Unpaid Principal Balance 
Carrying
Value
Unpaid Principal Balance Carrying
Value
 Unpaid Principal Balance Carrying
Value
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
U.S. commercial$618
 $550
$595
 $544
 $1,111
 $1,006
Non-U.S. commercial331
 331
11
 9
 4
 4
Commercial real estate
 
 71
 71
Commercial lease financing2
 1
29
 29
 92
 91
U.S. small business commercial (1)
3
 3
3
 2
 8
 6
Total (2)
$954
 $885
$638
 $584
 $1,286
 $1,178
          
March 31, 2017Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
U.S. commercial$468
 $440
$357
 $322
 $763
 $700
Non-U.S. commercial105
 105
 105
 105
Commercial real estate15
 9

 
 16
 9
Commercial lease financing12
 12
 12
 12
U.S. small business commercial (1)
2
 2
3
 3
 11
 12
Total (2)
$485
 $451
$477
 $442
 $907
 $838
(1) 
U.S. small business commercial TDRs are comprised of renegotiated small business card loans.
(2) 
Net charge-offs were $1738 million and $4164 million for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $27 million and$89 million for the same periods in 2017.
A commercial TDR is generally deemed to be in payment default when the loan is 90 days or more past due, including delinquencies that were not resolved as part of the modification. U.S. small business commercial TDRs are deemed to be in payment default during the quarter in which a borrower misses the second of two consecutive payments. Payment defaults are one of the factors considered when projecting future cash flows, along with observable market prices or fair value of collateral when measuring the allowance for loan and lease losses. TDRs that were in payment default had a carrying value of $139$174 million and $111$57 million for
 
U.S. commercial $18and $4 million and $33$32 million for commercial real estate and $4 million and $0 for commercial lease financing at March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017.
Purchased Credit-impaired Loans
The table below shows activity for the accretable yield on PCI loans. The reclassifications from nonaccretable difference induring the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 were primarily due to an increase in the expected principal and interest cash flows due to lower default estimates and the rising interest rate environment.
   
  
Rollforward of Accretable Yield  Rollforward of Accretable Yield  
     
(Dollars in millions) Three Months Ended March 31, 2018Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Accretable yield, January 1, 2018 $2,789
Accretable yield, beginning of period$2,558
 $2,789
Accretion (130)(117) (371)
Disposals/transfers (107)(612) (824)
Reclassifications from nonaccretable difference 178
56
 291
Accretable yield, March 31, 2018 $2,730
Accretable yield, September 30, 2018$1,885
 $1,885
Duringthe three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, the Corporation sold PCI loans with a carrying value of $109 million. There were no sales in$2.0 billion and $2.1 billion. During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2017.September 30, 2017, the Corporation sold PCI loans with a carrying value of $538 million and $742 million. For more information on PCI loans, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles and Note 4 – Outstanding Loans and Leasesto the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, and for the carrying value and valuation allowance for PCI loans, see Note 6 – Allowance for Credit Losses. herein.
Loans Held-for-sale
The Corporation had LHFS of $9.2$5.6 billion and $11.4 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. CashFor the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, cash and non-cash proceeds from sales and paydowns of loans originally classified as LHFS were $9.8$23.4 billion and $7.7$28.0 billion, for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. Cashcash used for originations and purchases of LHFS totaled $5.7$16.8 billion and $13.3 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.$31.4 billion.



  
Bank of America     7884


NOTE 6 Allowance for Credit Losses
The table below summarizes the changes in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017.
              
Consumer
Real Estate
(1)
 Credit Card and Other Consumer Commercial Total
Allowance
Consumer
Real Estate
(1)
 Credit Card and Other Consumer Commercial Total
Allowance
(Dollars in millions)Three Months Ended March 31, 2018Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Allowance for loan and lease losses, July 1$1,366
 $3,774
 $4,910
 $10,050
Loans and leases charged off(155) (992) (189) (1,336)
Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off163
 208
 33
 404
Net charge-offs8
 (784) (156) (932)
Write-offs of PCI loans (2)
(95) 
 
 (95)
Provision for loan and lease losses (3)
(119) 829
 1
 711
Other (4)
(2) 3
 (1) 
Allowance for loan and lease losses, September 301,158
 3,822
 4,754
 9,734
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, July 1
 
 787
 787
Provision for unfunded lending commitments
 
 5
 5
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, September 30
 
 792
 792
Allowance for credit losses, September 30$1,158
 $3,822
 $5,546
 $10,526
       
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
Allowance for loan and lease losses, July 1$2,309
 $3,386
 $5,180
 $10,875
Loans and leases charged off(231) (919) (212) (1,362)
Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off230
 189
 43
 462
Net charge-offs(1) (730) (169) (900)
Write-offs of PCI loans (2)
(73) 
 
 (73)
Provision for loan and lease losses (3)
(204) 934
 99
 829
Other (4)
1
 (40) 1
 (38)
Allowance for loan and lease losses, September 302,032
 3,550
 5,111
 10,693
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, July 1
 
 757
 757
Provision for unfunded lending commitments
 
 5
 5
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, September 30
 
 762
 762
Allowance for credit losses, September 30$2,032
 $3,550
 $5,873
 $11,455
       
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Allowance for loan and lease losses, January 1$1,720
 $3,663
 $5,010
 $10,393
$1,720
 $3,663
 $5,010
 $10,393
Loans and leases charged off(174) (1,006) (116) (1,296)(466) (3,031) (513) (4,010)
Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off147
 203
 35
 385
440
 621
 110
 1,171
Net charge-offs(27) (803) (81) (911)(26) (2,410) (403) (2,839)
Write-offs of PCI loans (2)
(35) 
 
 (35)(166) 
 
 (166)
Provision for loan and lease losses (3)
(128) 876
 81
 829
(368) 2,583
 147
 2,362
Other (4)

 (16) 
 (16)(2) (14) 
 (16)
Allowance for loan and lease losses, March 31
1,530
 3,720
 5,010
 10,260
Allowance for loan and lease losses, September 301,158
 3,822
 4,754
 9,734
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, January 1
 
 777
 777

 
 777
 777
Provision for unfunded lending commitments
 
 5
 5

 
 15
 15
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, March 31
 
 782
 782
Allowance for credit losses, March 31
$1,530
 $3,720
 $5,792
 $11,042
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, September 30
 
 792
 792
Allowance for credit losses, September 30$1,158
 $3,822
 $5,546
 $10,526
              
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Allowance for loan and lease losses, January 1 (5)
$2,750
 $3,229
 $5,258
 $11,237
Allowance for loan and lease losses, January 1$2,750
 $3,229
 $5,258
 $11,237
Loans and leases charged off(204) (946) (160) (1,310)(633) (2,819) (570) (4,022)
Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off123
 200
 53
 376
520
 623
 137
 1,280
Net charge-offs (6)
(81) (746) (107) (934)
Net charge-offs(113) (2,196) (433) (2,742)
Write-offs of PCI loans (2)
(33) 
 
 (33)(161) 
 
 (161)
Provision for loan and lease losses (3)
(71) 843
 68
 840
(445) 2,553
 287
 2,395
Other (4)

 3
 (1) 2
1
 (36) (1) (36)
Allowance for loan and lease losses, March 31 (5)
2,565
 3,329
 5,218
 11,112
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, January 1
 
 762
 762
Provision for unfunded lending commitments
 
 (5) (5)
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, March 31
 
 757
 757
Allowance for credit losses, March 31 (5)
$2,565
 $3,329
 $5,975
 $11,869
Allowance for loan and lease losses, September 302,032
 3,550
 5,111
 10,693
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, January 1 and September 30
 
 762
 762
Allowance for credit losses, September 30$2,032
 $3,550
 $5,873
 $11,455
(1) 
Includes valuation allowance associated with the PCI loan portfolio.
(2) 
Includes write-offs associated with the sale of PCI loans of $1671 million and $088 million during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $45 million and$80 million for the same periods in 2017.
(3) 
Includes provisionbenefit expense associated with the PCI loan portfolio of $1153 million and provision expense of $6828 million during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $12 million and$56 million for the same periods in 2017.
(4) 
Primarily represents the net impact of portfolio sales, consolidations and deconsolidations, foreign currency translation adjustments, transfers to held for sale and certain other reclassifications.
(5)
Excludes $242 million and $243 million at March 31, 2017 and January 1, 2017 of allowance for loan and lease losses related to the non-U.S. credit card loan portfolio, which was sold in the second quarter of 2017.
(6)
Includes net charge-offs of $44 million related to the non-U.S. credit card loan portfolio. See footnote 5 for more information.

7985     Bank of America

  





The table below presents the allowance and the carrying value of outstanding loans and leases by portfolio segment at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
              
Allowance and Carrying Value by Portfolio SegmentAllowance and Carrying Value by Portfolio Segment      Allowance and Carrying Value by Portfolio Segment      
              
Consumer
Real Estate
 Credit Card and Other Consumer Commercial TotalConsumer
Real Estate
 Credit Card and Other Consumer Commercial Total
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018September 30, 2018
Impaired loans and troubled debt restructurings (1)
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
Allowance for loan and lease losses$338
 $128
 $240
 $706
$299
 $143
 $165
 $607
Carrying value (2)
10,872
 501
 2,618
 13,991
9,675
 541
 2,194
 12,410
Allowance as a percentage of carrying value3.11% 25.55% 9.17% 5.05%3.09% 26.43% 7.52% 4.89%
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
Allowance for loan and lease losses$950
 $3,592
 $4,770
 $9,312
$709
 $3,679
 $4,589
 $8,977
Carrying value (2, 3)
238,413
 186,586
 478,964
 903,963
242,594
 185,829
 476,085
 904,508
Allowance as a percentage of carrying value (3)
0.40% 1.93% 1.00% 1.03%0.29% 1.98% 0.96% 0.99%
Purchased credit-impaired loans 
    
  
 
    
  
Valuation allowance$242
 n/a
 n/a
 $242
$150
 n/a
 n/a
 $150
Carrying value gross of valuation allowance10,135
 n/a
 n/a
 10,135
7,152
 n/a
 n/a
 7,152
Valuation allowance as a percentage of carrying value2.39% n/a
 n/a
 2.39%2.10% n/a
 n/a
 2.10%
Total 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
Allowance for loan and lease losses$1,530
 $3,720
 $5,010
 $10,260
$1,158
 $3,822
 $4,754
 $9,734
Carrying value (2, 3)
259,420
 187,087
 481,582
 928,089
259,421
 186,370
 478,279
 924,070
Allowance as a percentage of carrying value (3)
0.59% 1.99% 1.04% 1.11%0.45% 2.05% 0.99% 1.05%
              
December 31, 2017December 31, 2017
Impaired loans and troubled debt restructurings (1)
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
Allowance for loan and lease losses$348
 $125
 $190
 $663
$348
 $125
 $190
 $663
Carrying value (2)
12,554
 490
 2,407
 15,451
12,554
 490
 2,407
 15,451
Allowance as a percentage of carrying value2.77% 25.51% 7.89% 4.29%2.77% 25.51% 7.89% 4.29%
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 
  
  
   
  
  
  
Allowance for loan and lease losses$1,083
 $3,538
 $4,820
 $9,441
$1,083
 $3,538
 $4,820
 $9,441
Carrying value (2, 3)
238,284
 192,303
 474,284
 904,871
238,284
 192,303
 474,284
 904,871
Allowance as a percentage of carrying value (3)
0.45% 1.84% 1.02% 1.04%0.45% 1.84% 1.02% 1.04%
Purchased credit-impaired loans 
    
   
    
  
Valuation allowance$289
 n/a
 n/a
 $289
$289
 n/a
 n/a
 $289
Carrying value gross of valuation allowance10,717
 n/a
 n/a
 10,717
10,717
 n/a
 n/a
 10,717
Valuation allowance as a percentage of carrying value2.70% n/a
 n/a
 2.70%2.70% n/a
 n/a
 2.70%
Total 
  
  
   
  
  
  
Allowance for loan and lease losses$1,720
 $3,663
 $5,010
 $10,393
$1,720
 $3,663
 $5,010
 $10,393
Carrying value (2, 3)
261,555
 192,793
 476,691
 931,039
261,555
 192,793
 476,691
 931,039
Allowance as a percentage of carrying value (3)
0.66% 1.90% 1.05% 1.12%0.66% 1.90% 1.05% 1.12%
(1) 
Impaired loans include nonperforming commercial loans and all TDRs, including both commercial and consumer TDRs. Impaired loans exclude nonperforming consumer loans unless they are TDRs, and all consumer and commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option.
(2) 
Amounts are presented gross of the allowance for loan and lease losses.
(3) 
Outstanding loan and lease balances and ratios do not include loans accounted for under the fair value option of $6.0 billion and $5.7 billion at both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
n/a = not applicable


  
Bank of America     8086


NOTE 7 Securitizations and Other Variable Interest Entities
The Corporation utilizes VIEs in the ordinary course of business to support its own and its customers’ financing and investing needs. The tables in this Note present the assets, liabilities and maximum loss exposure of consolidated and unconsolidated VIEs at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 where the Corporation has continuing involvement with transferred assets or if the Corporation otherwise has a variable interest in the VIE. For additional information on the Corporation’s use of VIEs and related maximum loss exposure, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles and Note 6 – Securitizations and Other Variable Interest Entities to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The Corporation invests in ABS issued by third-party VIEs with which it has no other form of involvement and enters into certain
commercial lending arrangements that may also incorporate the use of VIEs, for example to hold collateral. These securities and loans are included in Note 4 – Securities or Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases. In addition, the Corporation uses VIEs such as trust preferred securities trusts in connection with its funding activities. For more information, see Note 11 – Long-term Debtto the Consolidated Financial Statementsof the Corporation’s 2017
 
Annual Report on Form 10-K. These VIEs, which are generally not consolidated by the Corporation, as applicable, are not included in the tables herein.
Except as described below, the Corporation did not provide financial support to consolidated or unconsolidated VIEs during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 or the year ended December 31, 2017 that it was not previously contractually required to provide, nor does it intend to do so.
The Corporation had liquidity commitments, including written put options and collateral value guarantees, with certain unconsolidated VIEs of $271 million and $442 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
First-lien Mortgage Securitizations
First-lien Mortgages
As part of its mortgage banking activities, the Corporation securitizes a portion of the first-lien residential mortgage loans it originates or purchases from third parties. Except as described below and in Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies, the Corporation does not provide guarantees or recourse to the securitization trusts other than standard representations and warranties.
The table below summarizes select information related to first-lien mortgage securitizations for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017.
                      
First-lien Mortgage SecuritizationsFirst-lien Mortgage Securitizations      First-lien Mortgage Securitizations              
                      
Residential Mortgage - Agency Commercial MortgageResidential Mortgage - Agency Commercial Mortgage
Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
Cash proceeds from new securitizations (1)
$1,686
 $4,656
 $512
 $609
$1,596
 $3,833
 $4,661
 $11,791
 $1,797
 $1,225
 $3,981
 $2,931
Gains on securitizations (2)
18
 39
 18
 18
13
 40
 54
 140
 29
 14
 68
 67
Repurchases from securitization trusts (3)
501
 872
 
 
357
 609
 1,215
 2,083
 
 
 
 
(1) 
The Corporation transfers residential mortgage loans to securitizations sponsored by the GSEs or Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) in the normal course of business and receives RMBS in exchange which may then be sold into the market to third-party investors for cash proceeds.
(2) 
A majority of the first-lien residential mortgage loans securitized are initially classified as LHFS and accounted for under the fair value option. Gains recognized on these LHFS prior to securitization, which totaled $2415 million and $9060 million, net of hedges, during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, compared to $63 million and$195 million for the same periods in 2017, are not included in the table above.
(3) 
The Corporation may have the option to repurchase delinquent loans out of securitization trusts, which reduces the amount of servicing advances it is required to make. The Corporation may also repurchase loans from securitization trusts to perform modifications. Repurchased loans include FHA-insured mortgages collateralizing GNMA securities.
In addition to cash proceeds as reported in the table above, the Corporation received securities with an initial fair value of $120$169 million and $275$566 million in connection with first-lien mortgage securitizations for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, compared to $770 million and $1.3 billion for the same periods in 2017. The receipt of these securities represents non-cash operating and investing activities and, accordingly, is not reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. Substantially all of these securities were initially classified as Level 2 assets within the fair value hierarchy. During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, there were no changes to the initial classification.
The Corporation recognizes consumer MSRs from the sale or securitization of consumer real estate loans. The unpaid principal
balance of loans serviced for investors, including residential mortgage and home equity loans, totaled $259.7$234.4 billion and
$316.1 $289.3 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017. Servicing fee and ancillary fee income on serviced loans was $197$168 million and $245$546 million during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, compared to $213 million and $691 million for the same periods in 2017. Servicing advances on serviced loans, including loans serviced for others and loans held for investment, were $4.1$3.5 billion and $4.5 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. For more information on MSRs, see Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements.
During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, there were no significant deconsolidations of agency residential mortgage securitizations.
The following table summarizes select information related to first-lien mortgage securitization trusts in which the Corporation held a variable interest at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.


8187     Bank of America

  





The table below summarizes select information related to first-lien mortgage securitization trusts in which the Corporation held a variable interest at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
                  
First-lien Mortgage VIEsFirst-lien Mortgage VIEs       First-lien Mortgage VIEs       
Residential Mortgage  
 
Residential Mortgage  
 
 
 
 Non-agency  
 
 
 
 Non-agency  
 
Agency Prime Subprime Alt-A Commercial MortgageAgency Prime Subprime Alt-A Commercial Mortgage
(Dollars in millions)March 31
2018
December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
December 31
2017
Sept 30 2018December 31
2017
 Sept 30 2018December 31
2017
 Sept 30 2018December 31
2017
 Sept 30 2018December 31
2017
 Sept 30 2018December 31
2017
Unconsolidated VIEs 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
Maximum loss exposure (1)
$18,120
$19,110
 $652
$689
 $2,659
$2,643
 $419
$403
 $565
$585
$16,461
$19,110
 $458
$689
 $2,063
$2,643
 $218
$403
 $659
$585
On-balance sheet assets 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
Senior securities: 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
Trading account assets$658
$716
 $7
$6
 $15
$10
 $74
$50
 $77
$108
$509
$716
 $21
$6
 $47
$10
 $71
$50
 $57
$108
Debt securities carried at fair value14,214
15,036
 447
477
 2,204
2,221
 343
351
 

10,232
15,036
 262
477
 1,592
2,221
 145
351
 

Held-to-maturity securities3,248
3,348
 

 

 

 298
274
5,720
3,348
 

 

 

 419
274
Subordinate securities

 6
5
 64
38
 2
2
 64
69
Residual interests

 

 

 

 24
19
All other assets (2)

10
 

 

 

 


10
 3
5
 66
38
 2
2
 44
88
Total retained positions$18,120
$19,110
 $460
$488
 $2,283
$2,269
 $419
$403
 $463
$470
$16,461
$19,110
 $286
$488
 $1,705
$2,269
 $218
$403
 $520
$470
Principal balance outstanding (3)
$216,493
$232,761
 $10,305
$10,549
 $10,118
$10,254
 $26,865
$28,129
 $26,092
$26,504
$195,110
$232,761
 $9,448
$10,549
 $9,156
$10,254
 $24,439
$28,129
 $31,251
$26,504
                  
Consolidated VIEs 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
Maximum loss exposure (1)
$13,872
$14,502
 $662
$571
 $
$
 $
$
 $
$
$13,206
$14,502
 $551
$571
 $
$
 $
$
 $
$
On-balance sheet assets 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
Trading account assets$203
$232
 $683
$571
 $
$
 $
$
 $
$
$733
$232
 $704
$571
 $
$
 $
$
 $
$
Loans and leases, net13,476
14,030
 

 

 

 

12,312
14,030
 

 

 

 

All other assets194
240
 

 

 

 

162
240
 

 

 

 

Total assets$13,873
$14,502
 $683
$571
 $
$
 $
$
 $
$
$13,207
$14,502
 $704
$571
 $
$
 $
$
 $
$
On-balance sheet liabilities 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
Long-term debt$1
$
 $21
$
 $
$
 $
$
 $
$
All other liabilities3
3
 

 

 

 

Total liabilities$4
$3
 $21
$
 $
$
 $
$
 $
$
$3
$3
 $153
$
 $
$
 $
$
 $
$
(1) 
Maximum loss exposure includes obligations under loss-sharing reinsurance and other arrangements for non-agency residential mortgage and commercial mortgage securitizations, but excludes the reserve for representations and warranties obligations and corporate guarantees and also excludes servicing advances and other servicing rights and obligations. For more information, see Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies and Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements.
(2) 
Not included in the table above are all other assets of $6512 million and $148 million, representing the unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans eligible for repurchase from unconsolidated residential mortgage securitization VIEs, principally guaranteed by GNMA, and all other liabilities of $6512 million and $148 million, representing the principal amount that would be payable to the securitization VIEs if the Corporation was to exercise the repurchase option, at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(3) 
Principal balance outstanding includes loans where the Corporation was the transferor to securitization VIEs with which it has continuing involvement, which may include servicing the loans.
Other Asset-backed Securitizations
The table below summarizes select information related to home equity, loan, credit card and other asset-backed VIEs in which the Corporation held a variable interest at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
              
Home Equity Loan, Credit Card and Other Asset-backed VIEsHome Equity Loan, Credit Card and Other Asset-backed VIEs   Home Equity Loan, Credit Card and Other Asset-backed VIEs   
              
Home Equity Loan (1)
 
Credit Card (2, 3)
 Resecuritization Trusts Municipal Bond Trusts
Home Equity (1)
 
Credit Card (2, 3)
 Resecuritization Trusts Municipal Bond Trusts
(Dollars in millions)March 31
2018
December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
December 31
2017
 March 31
2018
December 31
2017
Sept 30 2018December 31
2017
 Sept 30 2018December 31
2017
 Sept 30 2018December 31
2017
 Sept 30 2018December 31
2017
Unconsolidated VIEs 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
Maximum loss exposure$1,350
$1,522
 $
$
 $8,680
$8,204
 $1,614
$1,631
$1,101
$1,522
 $
$
 $8,185
$8,204
 $1,837
$1,631
On-balance sheet assets 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
Senior securities (4):
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
Trading account assets$
$
 $
$
 $1,660
$869
 $
$33
$
$
 $
$
 $1,757
$869
 $22
$33
Debt securities carried at fair value32
36
 

 1,557
1,661
 

29
36
 

 1,380
1,661
 

Held-to-maturity securities

 

 5,463
5,644
 



 

 5,048
5,644
 

Subordinate securities (4)


 

 
30
 

All other assets (4)


 

 
30
 

Total retained positions$32
$36
 $
$
 $8,680
$8,204
 $
$33
$29
$36
 $
$
 $8,185
$8,204
 $22
$33
Total assets of VIEs (5)
$2,238
$2,432
 $
$
 $19,073
$19,281
 $2,249
$2,287
$1,944
$2,432
 $
$
 $18,469
$19,281
 $2,560
$2,287
              
Consolidated VIEs 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
Maximum loss exposure$104
$112
 $20,873
$24,337
 $457
$628
 $1,436
$1,453
$91
$112
 $18,600
$24,337
 $109
$628
 $1,726
$1,453
On-balance sheet assets 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
Trading account assets$
$
 $
$
 $1,053
$1,557
 $1,447
$1,452
$
$
 $
$
 $376
$1,557
 $1,740
$1,452
Loans and leases165
177
 30,764
32,554
 

 

143
177
 29,726
32,554
 

 

Allowance for loan and lease losses(9)(9) (968)(988) 

 

(6)(9) (907)(988) 

 

All other assets6
6
 137
1,385
 

 1
1
4
6
 128
1,385
 

 1
1
Total assets$162
$174
 $29,933
$32,951
 $1,053
$1,557
 $1,448
$1,453
$141
$174
 $28,947
$32,951
 $376
$1,557
 $1,741
$1,453
On-balance sheet liabilities 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
Short-term borrowings$
$
 $
$
 $
$
 $286
$312
$
$
 $
$
 $
$
 $905
$312
Long-term debt70
76
 9,043
8,598
 596
929
 12

59
76
 10,320
8,598
 267
929
 12

All other liabilities

 17
16
 

 



 27
16
 

 

Total liabilities$70
$76
 $9,060
$8,614
 $596
$929
 $298
$312
$59
$76
 $10,347
$8,614
 $267
$929
 $917
$312
(1) 
For unconsolidated home equity loan VIEs, the maximum loss exposure includes outstanding trust certificates issued by trusts in rapid amortization, net of recorded reserves. For both consolidated and unconsolidated home equity loan VIEs, the maximum loss exposure excludes the reserve for representations and warranties obligations and corporate guarantees. For more information, see Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies.
(2) 
At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, loans and leases in the consolidated credit card trust included $13.310.8 billion and $15.6 billion of seller’s interest.
(3) 
At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, all other assets in the consolidated credit card trust included restricted cash, certain short-term investments, and unbilled accrued interest and fees.
(4) 
All other assets includes subordinate securities. The retained senior and subordinate securities were valued using quoted market prices or observable market inputs (Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy).
(5) 
Total assets includeof VIEs includes loans the Corporation transferred with which it has continuing involvement, which may include servicing the loan.

  
Bank of America     8288


Home Equity Loans
The Corporation retains interests in home equity securitization trusts to which it transferred home equity loans. These retained interests primarily include senior securities. In addition, the Corporation may be obligated to provide subordinate funding to the trusts during a rapid amortization event. This obligation is included in the maximum loss exposure in the table above. The charges that will ultimately be recorded as a result of the rapid amortization events depend on the undrawn portion of the home equity lines of credit (HELOCs), performance of the loans, the amount of subsequent draws and the timing of related cash flows.
There were no deconsolidations of HELOC trusts during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017.
Credit Card Securitizations
The Corporation securitizes originated and purchased credit card loans. The Corporation’s continuing involvement with the securitization trust includes servicing the receivables, retaining an undivided interest (seller’s interest) in the receivables, and holding certain retained interests including subordinate interests in accrued interest and fees on the securitized receivables and cash reserve accounts.
During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, new senior debt securities issued to third-party investors from the credit card securitization trust were $1.6$4.0 billion and $2.0$3.1 billion.
At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Corporation held subordinate securities issued by the credit card securitization trust with a notional principal amount of $7.5$7.7 billion and $7.4 billion. These securities serve as a form of credit enhancement to the senior debt securities and have a stated interest rate of zero percent. There were $254$650 million and $323$500 million of these subordinate securities issued during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017.
Resecuritization Trusts
The Corporation transfers securities, typically MBS, into resecuritization VIEs at the request of customers seeking
securities with specific characteristics. Generally, there are no
significant ongoing activities performed in a resecuritization trust, and no single investor has the unilateral ability to liquidate the trust.
The Corporation resecuritized $6.7$7.7 billion and $7.8$21.3 billion of securities during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $5.0 billion and $20.1 billion for the same periods in 2017. Securities transferred into resecuritization VIEs during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017 were measured at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in trading account profits prior to the resecuritization and no gain or loss on sale was recorded. Resecuritization proceeds included securities with an initial fair value of $1.3$1.5 billion and $734 million$3.7 billion during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $855 million and $2.7 billion for the same periods in 2017. Substantially all of the other securities received as resecuritization proceeds were classified as trading securities and were categorized as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.
Municipal Bond Trusts
The Corporation administers municipal bond trusts that hold highly-rated, long-term, fixed-rate municipal bonds. The trusts obtain financing by issuing floating-rate trust certificates that reprice on a weekly or other short-term basis to third-party investors.
The Corporation’s liquidity commitments to unconsolidated municipal bond trusts, including those for which the Corporation was transferor, totaled $1.8 billion and $1.6 billion at both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The weighted-average remaining life of bonds held in the trusts at March 31,September 30, 2018 was 5.86.3 years. There were no material write-downs or downgrades of assets or issuers during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017.
Other Variable Interest Entities
The table below summarizes select information related to other VIEs in which the Corporation held a variable interest at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
                      
Other VIEsOther VIEs        Other VIEs        
      
Consolidated Unconsolidated Total Consolidated Unconsolidated TotalConsolidated Unconsolidated Total Consolidated Unconsolidated Total
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Maximum loss exposure$4,606
 $20,998
 $25,604
 $4,660
 $19,785
 $24,445
$4,407
 $21,188
 $25,595
 $4,660
 $19,785
 $24,445
On-balance sheet assets 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
Trading account assets$2,679
 $376
 $3,055
 $2,709
 $346
 $3,055
$2,592
 $331
 $2,923
 $2,709
 $346
 $3,055
Debt securities carried at fair value
 130
 130
 
 160
 160

 20
 20
 
 160
 160
Loans and leases2,180
 4,255
 6,435
 2,152
 3,596
 5,748
1,977
 4,155
 6,132
 2,152
 3,596
 5,748
Allowance for loan and lease losses(2) (32) (34) (3) (32) (35)(2) (29) (31) (3) (32) (35)
Loans held-for-sale13
 1,258
 1,271
 27
 940
 967
All other assets61
 14,379
 14,440
 62
 14,276
 14,338
62
 15,300
 15,362
 89
 15,216
 15,305
Total$4,931
 $20,366
 $25,297
 $4,947
 $19,286
 $24,233
$4,629
 $19,777
 $24,406
 $4,947
 $19,286
 $24,233
On-balance sheet liabilities 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
Long-term debt (1)
$308
 $
 $308
 $270
 $
 $270
Long-term debt$213
 $
 $213
 $270
 $
 $270
All other liabilities18
 3,508
 3,526
 18
 3,417
 3,435
10
 4,067
 4,077
 18
 3,417
 3,435
Total$326
 $3,508
 $3,834
 $288
 $3,417
 $3,705
$223
 $4,067
 $4,290
 $288
 $3,417
 $3,705
Total assets of VIEs$4,931
 $75,401
 $80,332
 $4,947
 $69,746
 $74,693
$4,629
 $79,564
 $84,193
 $4,947
 $69,746
 $74,693
(1)
Includes $1 million of long-term debt at both March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 issued by other consolidated VIEs, which has recourse to the general credit of the Corporation.
Customer VIEs
Customer VIEs include credit-linked, equity-linked and commodity-linked note VIEs, repackaging VIEs, and asset acquisition VIEs, which are typically created on behalf of customers who wish to obtain market or credit exposure to a specific company, index, commodity or financial instrument.
The Corporation’s maximum loss exposure to consolidated and unconsolidated customer VIEs totaled $2.2 billion and $2.3 billion at both
March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, including the notional amount of derivatives to which the Corporation is a counterparty, net of losses previously recorded, and the Corporation’s investment, if any, in securities issued by the VIEs. The Corporation also had liquidity commitments, including written put options and collateral value guarantees, with certain unconsolidated VIEs of $225 million and $442 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, that are included in the table above.

8389     Bank of America

  





Collateralized Debt Obligation VIEs
The Corporation receives fees for structuring CDO VIEs, which hold diversified pools of fixed-income securities, typically corporate debt or ABS, which the CDO VIEs fund by issuing multiple tranches of debt and equity securities. CDOs are generally managed by third-party portfolio managers. The Corporation typically transfers assets to these CDOs, holds securities issued by the CDOs and may be a derivative counterparty to the CDOs. The Corporation’s maximum loss exposure to consolidated and unconsolidated CDOs totaled $390$433 million and $358 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
Investment VIEs
The Corporation sponsors, invests in or provides financing, which may be in connection with the sale of assets, to a variety of investment VIEs that hold loans, real estate, debt securities or other financial instruments and are designed to provide the desired investment profile to investors or the Corporation. At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Corporation’s consolidated investment VIEs had total assets of $287$337 million and $249 million. The Corporation also held investments in unconsolidated VIEs with total assets of $22.9$29.2 billion and $20.3 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The Corporation’s maximum loss exposure associated with both consolidated and unconsolidated investment VIEs totaled $6.8$6.2 billion and $5.7 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 comprised primarily of on-balance sheet assets less non-recourse liabilities.
Leveraged Lease Trusts
The Corporation’s net investment in consolidated leveraged lease trusts totaled $1.8 billion and $2.0 billion at both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The trusts hold long-lived equipment such as rail cars, power generation and distribution equipment, and commercial aircraft. The Corporation structures the trusts and holds a significant residual interest. The net investment represents the Corporation’s maximum loss exposure to the trusts in the unlikely
event that the leveraged lease investments become worthless. Debt issued by the leveraged lease trusts is non-recourse to the Corporation.
Tax Credit VIEs
The Corporation holds investments in unconsolidated limited partnerships and similar entities that construct, own and operate affordable housing, wind and solar projects. An unrelated third party is typically the general partner or managing member and has control over the significant activities of the VIE. The Corporation earns a return primarily through the receipt of tax credits allocated to the projects. The maximum loss exposure included in the Other VIEs table was $13.9$14.7 billion and $13.8 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The Corporation’s risk of loss is generally mitigated by policies requiring that the project qualify for the expected tax credits prior to making its investment.
The Corporation’s investments in affordable housing partnerships, which are reported in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, totaled $8.1$8.4 billion and $8.0 billion, including unfunded commitments to provide capital contributions of $3.2$3.6 billion and $3.1 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The unfunded commitments are expected to be paid over the next five years. The Corporation recognized tax credits and other tax benefits from investments in affordable housing partnerships of $248$265 million and $750 million, and reported pretax losses in other noninterest income of $208$215 million and $640 million for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018. For the same periodperiods in 2017, the Corporation recognized tax credits and other tax benefits of $251$293 million and $825 million, and pretax losses of $196$209 million and $612 million. Tax credits are recognized as part of the Corporation’s annual effective tax rate used to determine tax expense in a given quarter. Accordingly, the portion of a year’s expected tax benefits recognized in any given quarter may differ from 25 percent. The Corporation may from time to time be asked to invest additional amounts to support a troubled affordable housing project. Such additional investments have not been and are not expected to be significant.


Bank of America90


NOTE 8 Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The table below presents goodwill balances by business segment and All Other at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The reporting units utilized for goodwill impairment testing are the operating segments or one level below. For more information, see Note 8 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
    
Goodwill   
    
(Dollars in millions)March 31
2018
 December 31
2017
Consumer Banking$30,123
 $30,123
Global Wealth & Investment Management9,677
 9,677
Global Banking23,923
 23,923
Global Markets5,182
 5,182
All Other46
 46
Total goodwill$68,951
 $68,951

Bank of America84


    
Goodwill   
    
(Dollars in millions)September 30
2018
 December 31
2017
Consumer Banking$30,123
 $30,123
Global Wealth & Investment Management9,677
 9,677
Global Banking23,923
 23,923
Global Markets5,182
 5,182
All Other46
 46
Total goodwill$68,951
 $68,951
Intangible Assets
The table below presents the gross and net carrying values and accumulated amortization for intangible assets at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
                      
Intangible Assets (1, 2)
                      
                      
Gross
Carrying Value
 Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
Carrying Value
 Gross
Carrying Value
 Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
Carrying Value
Gross
Carrying Value
 Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
Carrying Value
 Gross
Carrying Value
 Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
Carrying Value
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Purchased credit card and affinity relationships$5,919
 $5,643
 $276
 $5,919
 $5,604
 $315
$5,919
 $5,721
 $198
 $5,919
 $5,604
 $315
Core deposit and other intangibles (3)
3,835
 2,160
 1,675
 3,835
 2,140
 1,695
3,835
 2,201
 1,634
 3,835
 2,140
 1,695
Customer relationships3,886
 3,660
 226
 3,886
 3,584
 302
3,886
 3,810
 76
 3,886
 3,584
 302
Total intangible assets$13,640
 $11,463
 $2,177
 $13,640
 $11,328
 $2,312
$13,640

$11,732
 $1,908
 $13,640
 $11,328
 $2,312
(1) 
Excludes fully amortized intangible assets.
(2) 
At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, none of the intangible assets were impaired.
(3) 
Includes $1.6 billion at both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 of intangible assets associated with trade names that have an indefinite life and, accordingly, are not amortized.
Amortization of intangibles expense was $135$134 million and $162$404 million for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $151 million and $473 million for the same periods in 2017. The Corporation estimates aggregate amortization expense will be $403$134 million for the remainder of 2018, $105 million for 2019, $53 million for 2020 and none for the years thereafter.

91Bank of America






NOTE 9 Federal Funds Sold or Purchased, Securities Financing Agreements, Short-term Borrowings and Restricted Cash
The table below presents federal funds sold or purchased, securities financing agreements which(which include securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase,repurchase) and short-term borrowings. The Corporation elects to account for certain securities financing agreements and short-term borrowings under the fair value option. For more information on the election of the fair value option, see Note 15 – Fair Value Option.
                      
Amount Rate Amount RateAmount Rate Amount Rate Amount Rate Amount Rate
Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell 
    
  
 
    
  
        
Average during period$248,320
 1.02% $216,402
 0.67%$241,426
 1.31% $223,585
 0.86% $247,183
 1.15% $222,255
 0.77%
Maximum month-end balance during period252,078
 n/a
 223,499
 n/a
267,989
 n/a
 224,815
 n/a
 267,989
 n/a
 237,064
 n/a
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
        
Average during period$195,614
 1.41% $191,677
 0.93%$191,693
 1.88% $197,794
 1.37% $193,854
 1.71% $199,433
 1.18%
Maximum month-end balance during period191,319
 n/a
 199,926
 n/a
189,206
 n/a
 197,604
 n/a
 199,419
 n/a
 218,017
 n/a
Short-term borrowings 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
        
Average during period46,334
 3.98
 40,040
 2.11
33,410
 2.89
 32,153
 2.54
 40,048
 2.49
 38,329
 2.43
Maximum month-end balance during period52,480
 n/a
 44,944
 n/a
36,043
 n/a
 32,679
 n/a
 52,480
 n/a
 46,202
 n/a
n/a = not applicable
Offsetting of Securities Financing Agreements
The Corporation enters into securities financing agreements to accommodate customers (also referred to as “matched-book transactions”), obtain securities to cover short positions, and to finance inventory positions. Substantially all of the Corporation’s securities financing activities are transacted under legally enforceable master repurchase agreements or legally enforceable master securities lending agreements that give the Corporation, in the event of default by the counterparty, the right to liquidate securities held and to offset receivables and payables with the same counterparty. For more information, see Note 10 – Federal Funds Sold or Purchased, Securities Financing Agreements and Short-term Borrowings toThe Corporation offsets securities financing transactions with the same counterparty on the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.Balance Sheet where it has such a legally enforceable master
 
netting agreement and the transactions have the same maturity date.
The Securities Financing Agreements table presents securities financing agreements included on the Consolidated Balance Sheet in federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell, and in federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Balances are presented on a gross basis, prior to the application of counterparty netting. Gross assets and liabilities are adjusted on an aggregate basis to take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements. For more information on the offsetting of derivatives, see Note 3 – Derivatives.

85Bank of America






                  
Securities Financing Agreements         Securities Financing Agreements
                  
Gross Assets/Liabilities (1)
 Amounts Offset Net Balance Sheet Amount 
Financial Instruments (2)
 Net Assets/Liabilities
Gross Assets/Liabilities (1)
 Amounts Offset Net Balance Sheet Amount 
Financial Instruments (2)
 Net Assets/Liabilities
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018September 30, 2018
Securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell (3)
$381,692
 $(137,062) $244,630
 $(200,677) $43,953
$373,800
 $(125,563) $248,237
 $(218,291) $29,946
Securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase$315,590
 $(137,062) $178,528
 $(149,374) $29,154
$297,163
 $(125,563) $171,600
 $(151,842) $19,758
Other (4)
20,048
 
 20,048
 (20,048) 
24,446
 
 24,446
 (24,446) 
Total$335,638
 $(137,062) $198,576
 $(169,422) $29,154
$321,609

$(125,563)
$196,046

$(176,288)
$19,758
                  
December 31, 2017December 31, 2017
Securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell (3)
$348,472
 $(135,725) $212,747
 $(165,720) $47,027
$348,472
 $(135,725) $212,747
 $(165,720) $47,027
Securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase$312,582
 $(135,725) $176,857
 $(146,205) $30,652
$312,582
 $(135,725) $176,857
 $(146,205) $30,652
Other (4)
22,711
 
 22,711
 (22,711) 
22,711
 
 22,711
 (22,711) 
Total$335,293
 $(135,725) $199,568
 $(168,916) $30,652
$335,293

$(135,725)
$199,568

$(168,916)
$30,652
(1) 
Includes activity where uncertainty exists as to the enforceability of certain master netting agreements under bankruptcy laws in some countries or industries.
(2) 
Includes securities collateral received or pledged under repurchase or securities lending agreements where there is a legally enforceable master netting agreement. These amounts are not offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, but are shown as a reduction to derive a net asset or liability. Securities collateral received or pledged where the legal enforceability of the master netting agreements is uncertain is excluded from the table.
(3) 
Excludes repurchase activity of $8.511.1 billion and $10.2 billion reported in loans and leases on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(4) 
Balance is reported in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and relates to transactions where the Corporation acts as the lender in a securities lending agreement and receives securities that can be pledged as collateral or sold. In these transactions, the Corporation recognizes an asset at fair value, representing the securities received, and a liability, representing the obligation to return those securities.

Bank of America92


Repurchase Agreements and Securities Loaned Transactions Accounted for as Secured Borrowings
The following tables below present securities sold under agreements to repurchase and securities loaned by remaining contractual term to maturity and class of collateral pledged. Included in “Other” are transactions where the Corporation acts as the lender in a
 
securities lending agreement and receives securities that can be pledged as collateral or sold. Certain agreements contain a right to substitute collateral and/or terminate the agreement prior to maturity at the option of the Corporation or the counterparty. Such agreements are included in the table below based on the remaining contractual term to maturity.
                  
Remaining Contractual Maturity         Remaining Contractual Maturity
                  
March 31, 2018September 30, 2018
(Dollars in millions)Overnight and Continuous 30 Days or Less After 30 Days Through 90 Days 
Greater than 90 Days (1)
 TotalOvernight and Continuous 30 Days or Less After 30 Days Through 90 Days 
Greater than
90 Days (1)
 Total
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase$112,400
 $90,486
 $38,437
 $52,570
 $293,893
$128,222
 $68,852
 $22,920
 $58,089
 $278,083
Securities loaned14,727
 258
 2,130
 4,582
 21,697
13,364
 738
 896
 4,082
 19,080
Other20,048
 
 
 
 20,048
24,446
 
 
 
 24,446
Total$147,175
 $90,744
 $40,567
 $57,152
 $335,638
$166,032

$69,590

$23,816

$62,171

$321,609
                  
December 31, 2017December 31, 2017
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase$125,956
 $79,913
 $46,091
 $38,935
 $290,895
$125,956
 $79,913
 $46,091
 $38,935
 $290,895
Securities loaned9,853
 5,658
 2,043
 4,133
 21,687
9,853
 5,658
 2,043
 4,133
 21,687
Other22,711
 
 
 
 22,711
22,711
 
 
 
 22,711
Total$158,520
 $85,571
 $48,134
 $43,068
 $335,293
$158,520

$85,571

$48,134

$43,068

$335,293
(1) 
No agreements have maturities greater than three years.
              
Class of Collateral Pledged       Class of Collateral Pledged
              
March 31, 2018September 30, 2018
(Dollars in millions)Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase 
Securities
Loaned
 Other TotalSecurities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase 
Securities
Loaned
 Other Total
U.S. government and agency securities$163,292
 $
 $1
 $163,293
$158,567
 $10
 $2
 $158,579
Corporate securities, trading loans and other10,454
 2,835
 356
 13,645
13,448
 2,656
 363
 16,467
Equity securities21,971
 12,898
 19,648
 54,517
17,268
 10,953
 24,028
 52,249
Non-U.S. sovereign debt92,805
 5,964
 43
 98,812
84,435
 5,461
 53
 89,949
Mortgage trading loans and ABS5,371
 
 
 5,371
4,365
 
 
 4,365
Total$293,893
 $21,697
 $20,048
 $335,638
$278,083

$19,080

$24,446

$321,609
              
December 31, 2017December 31, 2017
U.S. government and agency securities$158,299
 $
 $409
 $158,708
$158,299
 $
 $409
 $158,708
Corporate securities, trading loans and other12,787
 2,669
 624
 16,080
12,787
 2,669
 624
 16,080
Equity securities23,975
 13,523
 21,628
 59,126
23,975
 13,523
 21,628
 59,126
Non-U.S. sovereign debt90,857
 5,495
 50
 96,402
90,857
 5,495
 50
 96,402
Mortgage trading loans and ABS4,977
 
 
 4,977
4,977
 
 
 4,977
Total$290,895
 $21,687
 $22,711
 $335,293
$290,895

$21,687

$22,711

$335,293
Bank of America86


TheUnder repurchase agreements, the Corporation is required to post collateral with a market value equal to or in excess of the principal amount borrowed under repurchase agreements.borrowed. For securities loaned transactions, the Corporation receives collateral in the form of cash, letters of credit or other securities. To determine whether the market value of the underlying collateral remains sufficient, collateral is generally valued daily, and the Corporation may be required to deposit additional collateral or may receive or return collateral pledged when appropriate. Repurchase agreements and securities loaned transactions are generally either overnight, continuous (i.e., no stated term) or short-term. The Corporation manages liquidity risks
related to these agreements by sourcing funding from a diverse group of counterparties, providing a range of securities collateral and pursuing longer durations, when appropriate.
Restricted Cash
At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Corporation held restricted cash included within cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Balance Sheet of $16.3$18.3 billion and $18.8 billion, primarilypredominantly related to cash segregated in compliance with securities regulations and cash held on deposit with the Federal Reserve and non-U.S. central banks to meet reserve requirements.

93Bank of America






NOTE 10 Commitments and Contingencies
In the normal course of business, the Corporation enters into a number of off-balance sheet commitments. These commitments expose the Corporation to varying degrees of credit and market risk and are subject to the same credit and market risk limitation reviews as those instruments recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. For more information on commitments and contingencies, see Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies to
the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Credit Extension Commitments
The Corporation enters into commitments to extend credit such as loan commitments, SBLCs and commercial letters of credit to meet the financing needs of its customers. The following table includes the notional amount of unfunded legally binding lending commitments net of amounts distributed (i.e., syndicated or participated) to other financial institutions. The distributed amounts were $10.910.8 billion and $11.0 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. At March 31,September 30, 2018, the carrying value of these commitments, excluding commitments accounted for under the fair value option, was $800808 million,
including deferred revenue of $18$16 million and a reserve for unfunded lending commitments of $782 million.$792 million. At December 31, 2017, the comparable amounts were $793 million, $16 million and $777 million, respectively. The carrying value of these commitments is classified in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Legally binding commitments to extend credit generally have specified rates and maturities. Certain of these commitments have adverse change clauses that help to protect the Corporation against deterioration in the borrower’s ability to pay.
The following table also includes the notional amount of commitments of $4.43.2 billion and $4.8 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 that are accounted for under the fair value option. However, the following table excludes cumulative net fair value of $120$70 millionand $120 million at both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 on these commitments, which is classified in accrued expenses and other liabilities. For more information regarding the Corporation’s loan commitments accounted for under the fair value option, see Note 15 – Fair Value Option.
                  
Credit Extension Commitments                  
  
Expire in One
Year or Less
 Expire After One
Year Through
Three Years
 
Expire After Three Years Through
Five Years
 
Expire After
Five Years
 TotalExpire in One
Year or Less
 Expire After One
Year Through
Three Years
 
Expire After Three Years Through
Five Years
 
Expire After
Five Years
 Total
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018September 30, 2018
Notional amount of credit extension commitments 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
Loan commitments$89,618
 $148,332
 $150,703
 $24,020
 $412,673
$86,501
 $142,327
 $154,991
 $22,724
 $406,543
Home equity lines of credit4,843
 3,784
 2,464
 32,802
 43,893
3,203
 2,494
 3,115
 34,411
 43,223
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees (1)
20,833
 10,062
 2,687
 1,345
 34,927
20,653
 9,838
 2,555
 1,151
 34,197
Letters of credit1,212
 115
 85
 56
 1,468
1,262
 223
 74
 73
 1,632
Legally binding commitments116,506
 162,293
 155,939
 58,223
 492,961
111,619
 154,882
 160,735
 58,359
 485,595
Credit card lines (2)
368,608
 
 
 
 368,608
373,295
 
 
 
 373,295
Total credit extension commitments$485,114
 $162,293
 $155,939
 $58,223
 $861,569
$484,914
 $154,882
 $160,735
 $58,359
 $858,890
                  
December 31, 2017December 31, 2017
Notional amount of credit extension commitments 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
Loan commitments$85,804
 $140,942
 $147,043
 $21,342
 $395,131
$85,804
 $140,942
 $147,043
 $21,342
 $395,131
Home equity lines of credit6,172
 4,457
 2,288
 31,250
 44,167
6,172
 4,457
 2,288
 31,250
 44,167
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees (1)
19,976
 11,261
 3,420
 1,144
 35,801
19,976
 11,261
 3,420
 1,144
 35,801
Letters of credit1,291
 117
 129
 87
 1,624
1,291
 117
 129
 87
 1,624
Legally binding commitments113,243
 156,777
 152,880
 53,823
 476,723
113,243
 156,777
 152,880
 53,823
 476,723
Credit card lines (2)
362,030
 
 
 
 362,030
362,030
 
 
 
 362,030
Total credit extension commitments$475,273
 $156,777
 $152,880
 $53,823
 $838,753
$475,273
 $156,777
 $152,880
 $53,823
 $838,753
(1)  
The notional amounts of SBLCs and financial guarantees classified as investment grade and non-investment grade based on the credit quality of the underlying reference name within the instrument were $27.026.9 billion and $7.66.9 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018, and $27.3 billion and $8.1 billion at December 31, 2017. Amounts in the table include consumer SBLCs of $375402 million and $421 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(2)  
Includes business card unused lines of credit.
Legally binding commitments to extend credit generally have specified rates and maturities. Certain of these commitments have adverse change clauses that help to protect the Corporation against deterioration in the borrower’s ability to pay.

87Bank of America






Other Commitments
At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Corporation had commitments to purchase loans (e.g., residential mortgage and commercial real estate) of $399$341 million and $344 million, and commitments to purchase commercial loans of $450$764 million and $994 million, which upon settlement will be included in loans or LHFS.
At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Corporation had commitments to purchase commodities, primarily liquefied natural gas, of $1.4$1.7 billion and $1.5 billion, which upon settlement will be included in trading account assets.
At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Corporation had commitments to enter into resale and forward-dated resale and securities borrowing agreements of $89.7$80.2 billion and $56.8 billion, and commitments to enter into forward-dated
repurchase and securities lending agreements of $46.4$40.3 billion and $34.3 billion. These commitments expire primarily within the next 1215 months.
The Corporation has entered into agreements to purchase retail automobile loans from certain auto loan originators. These agreements provide for stated purchase amountsAt both September 30, 2018 and contain cancellation provisions that allow the Corporation to terminate its commitment to purchase at any time, with a minimum notification period. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Corporation’s purchase commitment was terminated. At December 31, 2017, the Corporation’s maximum purchase commitment was $345 million. In addition, the Corporation hashad a commitment to originate or purchase up to $3.0 billion, on a rolling 12-month basis, of auto loans and leases from a strategic partner during the twelve months ending March 31, 2019.partner. This commitment extends through November 2022 and can be terminated with 12 months prior notice. In addition, at December 31, 2017, the Corporation had a commitment to purchase a maximum of $345 million of retail automobile loans from certain auto loan originators, which was terminated in the first quarter of 2018.
The Corporation is a party to operating leases for certain of its premises and equipment. Commitments under these leases are approximately $1.7600 million, $2.3 billion, $2.22.1 billion, $2.01.9 billion

Bank of America94


, $1.7 billionand $1.41.6 billion for the remainder of 2018 and the years through 2022, respectively, and $6.06.3 billion in the aggregate for all years thereafter.
Other Guarantees
Bank-owned Life Insurance Book Value Protection
The Corporation sells products that offer book value protection to insurance carriers who offer group life insurance policies to corporations, primarily banks. At March 31,both September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the notional amount of these guarantees totaled $10.3 billion and $10.4 billion, and the Corporation’s maximum exposure related to these guarantees totaled $1.6 billion at both period ends, with estimated maturity dates between 2033 and 2039. The net fair value including the fee receivable associated with these guarantees was $1 million and $3 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and reflects the probability of surrender as well as the multiple structural protection features in the contracts.
Merchant Services
In accordance with credit and debit card association rules, the Corporation sponsors merchant processing servicers that process credit and debit card transactions on behalf of various merchants. If the merchant processor fails to meet its obligation to reimburse the cardholder for disputed transactions, then the Corporation, as the sponsor, could be held liable for the disputed amount. For the
three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 , the sponsored entities processed and settled $220.0 billion and $646.9 billion of transactions and recorded losses of $6 million and $23 million. For the same periods in 2017, the sponsored entities processed and settled $200.7$200.4 billion and $186.8$591.8 billion of transactions and recorded losses of $8$7 million and $7$22 million. A significant portion of this activity was processed by a joint venture in which the Corporation holds a 49 percent ownership. The carrying value of the Corporation’s investment in the merchant services joint venture was $2.8 billion and $2.9 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and is recorded in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and in All Other.
As of March 31,At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the maximum
potential exposure for sponsored transactions totaled $343.3363.0 billion and $346.4 billion. However, the Corporation believes that the maximum potential exposure is not representative of the actual potential loss exposure and does not expect to make material payments in connection with these guarantees.
Representations and Warranties Obligations and Corporate Guarantees
For information on representations and warranties obligations and corporate guarantees and the related reserve and estimated range of possible loss, see Note 7 – Representations and Warranties Obligations and Corporate Guarantees to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The reserve for representations and warranties and corporate guarantees was $2.0 billion and $1.9 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and the related provision is included in other income in the Consolidated Statement of Income. The representations and warranties reserve represents the Corporation’s best estimate of probable incurred losses. It is reasonably possible that future representations and warranties losses may occur in excess of the amounts recorded for these exposures.
Other Guarantees
The Corporation has entered into additional guarantee agreements and commitments, including sold risk participation swaps, liquidity facilities, lease-end obligation agreements, partial credit guarantees on certain leases, real estate joint venture guarantees,
divested business commitments and sold put options that require gross settlement. The maximum potential future payment under these agreements was approximately $6.0 billion and $5.9 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The estimated maturity dates of these obligations extend up to 2040. The Corporation has made no material payments under these guarantees.
In the normal course of business, the Corporation periodically guarantees the obligations of its affiliates in a variety of transactions including ISDA-related transactions and non-ISDA related transactions such as commodities trading, repurchase agreements, prime brokerage agreements and other transactions.
Payment Protection Insurance Claims Matter
On June 1, 2017, the Corporation sold its non-U.S. consumer credit card business. Included in the calculation of the gain on sale, the Corporation recorded an obligation to indemnify the purchaser for substantially all payment protection insurance exposure above reserves assumed by the purchaser.
Guarantees of Certain Long-term Debt

The Corporation, as the parent company, fully and unconditionally guarantees the securities issued by BofA Finance LLC, a 100 percent owned finance subsidiary of the Corporation, and effectively provides for the full and unconditional guarantee of trust securities issued by certain statutory trust companies that are 100 percent owned finance subsidiaries of the Corporation.

Bank of America88


Litigation and Regulatory Matters
The following supplements the disclosure in Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K and in Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended June 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018 (the prior commitments and contingencies disclosure).
In the ordinary course of business, the Corporation and its subsidiaries are routinely defendants in or parties to many pending and threatened legal, regulatory and governmental actions and proceedings. In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of such matters, particularly where the claimants seek very large or indeterminate damages or where the matters present novel legal theories or involve a large number of parties, the Corporation generally cannot predict what the eventual outcome of thepending or threatened matters will be, what the timing of the ultimate resolution of these matters will be, or what the expense, eventual loss, fines or penalties related to each matter may be.
TheIn accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the Corporation establishes an accrued liability when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and estimable. In such cases, there may be an exposure to loss in excess of any amounts accrued. As a matter develops, the Corporation, in conjunction with any outside counsel handling the matter, evaluates on an ongoing basis whether such matter presents a loss contingency that is probable and estimable. Once the loss contingency is deemed to be both probable and estimable, the Corporation will establish an accrued liability and record a corresponding amount of litigation-related expense. The Corporation continues to monitor the matter for further developments that could affect the amount of the accrued liability that has been previously established. Excluding expenses of internal and external legal service providers, litigation-related expense of $116$90 million and $274$292 million was recognized for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to $140 million and $606 million for the same periods in 2017.
For a limited number of the matters disclosed in this Note, and in the prior commitments and contingencies disclosure, for which a loss, whether in excess of a related accrued liability or where there is no accrued liability, is reasonably possible in future periods, the Corporation is able to estimate a range of possible loss. In determining whether it is possible to estimate a range of possible loss, the Corporation reviews and evaluates its matters on an ongoing basis, in conjunction with any outside counsel handling the matter, in light of potentially relevant factual and legal developments. In cases in which the Corporation possesses sufficient appropriate information to estimate a range of possible loss, that estimate is aggregated and disclosed below. There may be other previously

95Bank of America






disclosed matters for which a loss is probable or reasonably possible but such an estimate of the range of possible loss may not be possible. For those matters where an estimate of the range of possible loss is reasonably possible, management currently estimates the aggregate range of possible loss is $0 to $1.2 billion in excess of the accrued liability, (if any)if any, related to those matters. This estimated range of possible loss is based upon currently available information and is subject to significant judgment and a variety of assumptions, and known and unknown uncertainties. The matters underlying the estimated range will change from time to time, and actual results may vary significantly from the current estimate. Therefore, this estimated range of possible loss represents what the Corporation believes to be an estimate of possible loss only for certain matters meeting these criteria. It does not represent the Corporation’s maximum loss exposure.
Information has been provided below or in the prior commitments and contingencies disclosure regarding the nature of all of these contingencies and, where specified, the amount of the claim associated with these loss contingencies. Based on current knowledge, management does not believe that loss contingencies arising from pending matters, including the matters described herein and in the prior commitments and contingencies disclosure, will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position or liquidity of the Corporation. However, in light of the inherent uncertainties involved in these matters, some of which are beyond the Corporation’s control, and the very large or indeterminate damages sought in some of these matters, an adverse outcome in one or more of these matters could be material to the Corporation’s results of operations or liquidity for any particular reporting period.
Ambac Bond Insurance Litigation
Ambac v. Countrywide III
On March 13, 2018, the Wisconsin Supreme Court denied Ambac’s petition for review.
Deposit Insurance Assessment
On March 27, 2018, the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia denied BANA’s partial motion to dismiss certain of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s claims.
LIBOR, Other Reference Rates, Foreign Exchange (FX) and Bond Trading Matters
On February 23,In the LIBOR matters, in July 2018, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit issueddenied plaintiffs’ petition for an opinion affirming in part and vacating in part the decisioninterlocutory appeal of the U.S. District Court for the Southern Districtdistrict court’s denial of New York dismissing Securities Exchange Act and certain state law claims against the Corporation, BANA and other defendants.
On February 28, 2018, the District Court issued an opinion granting certification of a class of persons that purchased over-the-counter swapslending institution plaintiffs, and, notes that referenced U.S. dollar LIBOR from onein September 2018, denied defendants’ petition for an interlocutory appeal of the U.S. dollar LIBOR panel banks, limited todistrict court’s certification of antitrust claims under Section 1brought by the over-the-counter class of the Sherman Act, and denying plaintiffs’ class certification motions in other respects, including with respect to other putative classes. Requests to appeal those rulings are pending in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.plaintiffs.
Mortgage Appraisal Litigation
The Corporation and certain subsidiaries are named as defendants in two putative class action lawsuits filed in U.S. District Court for the Central District of California (Waldrup and Williams, et al.). In November 2016, the actions were consolidated for pre-trial purposes. Plaintiffs allege that in fulfilling orders made by Countrywide for residential mortgage appraisal services, a former Countrywide subsidiary, LandSafe Appraisal Services, Inc., arranged for and completed appraisals that were not in compliance with applicable laws and appraisal standards. Plaintiffs seek, among other forms of relief, compensatory and treble damages. 
On February 8, 2018, the District Court granted plaintiffs’ motion for class certification. Defendants’ petition for permission to appeal that ruling to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit is pending.


89Bank of America






NOTE 11 Shareholders’ Equity
Common Stock
    
Declared Quarterly Cash Dividends on Common Stock (1)
Declared Quarterly Cash Dividends on Common Stock (1)
Declared Quarterly Cash Dividends on Common Stock (1)
    
Declaration Date Record Date Payment Date Dividend Per Share Record Date Payment Date Dividend Per Share
October 24, 2018 December 7, 2018 December 28, 2018 $0.15
July 26, 2018 September 7, 2018 September 28, 2018 0.15
April 25, 2018 June 1, 2018 June 29, 2018 $0.12
 June 1, 2018 June 29, 2018 0.12
January 31, 2018 March 2, 2018 March 30, 2018 0.12
 March 2, 2018 March 30, 2018 0.12
(1) 
In 2018, and through April 30,October 29, 2018.
The Corporation’s 2017 Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) capital plan included a request to repurchase $12.0 billion of common stock from July 1, 2017 through June 30, 2018, plus repurchases expected to be approximately $900 million to offset the effect of equity-based compensation plans during the same period. The common stock repurchase authorization includes both common stock and warrants. The Corporation’s 2017 capital plan also included a request to increase the quarterly common stock dividend from $0.075 per share to $0.12 per share. On December 5, 2017, following approval by the Federal Reserve, the Board authorized the repurchase of an additional $5.0 billion of common stock through June 30, 2018. During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, the Corporation repurchased and retired 153 164 million and 482
million shares of common stock, which reduced shareholders’ equity by $4.9$5.0 billion and $14.9 billion.
TheAt September 30, 2018, the Corporation hashad unexercised warrants outstanding and exercisable to purchase 122 million shares of its common stock expiring on October 28,29, 2018, and warrants outstanding and exercisable to purchase 142130 million shares of common stock expiring on January 16, 2019. These warrants were originally issued in connection with preferred stock issuances to the U.S. Department of the Treasury in 2009 and 2008, and are listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The exercise price of the warrants expiring on January 16, 2019 is subject to continued adjustment each time the quarterly cash dividend is in excess of $0.01 per common share to compensate the holders of the warrants for dilution resulting from an increased dividend. As a result of the Corporation’s first-quarterthird-quarter 2018 dividend of $0.12$0.15 per common share, the exercise price of the warrants expiring on January 16, 2019 was adjusted to $12.713$12.609 per share. The unexercised warrants expiring on October 28,29, 2018
which have an exercise price of $30.79 per share, also contain this anti-dilution provision except the adjustment is triggered only when the Corporation declares quarterly dividends at a level greater than $0.32 per common share.
During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, in connection with employee stock plans, the Corporation issued 66 million
shares and repurchased 2574 million shares of its common stock and, to satisfy tax withholding obligations.obligations, repurchased 29 million shares of its common stock. At March 31,September 30, 2018, the Corporation had reserved 804787 million unissued shares of common stock for future issuances under employee stock plans, common stock warrants, convertible notes and preferred stock.
Preferred Stock
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2018, the Corporation declared $428 million, $318 millionand $466 million of cash dividends on preferred stock. stock, or a total of $1.2 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
On March 15,July 24, 2018, the Corporation issued 94,00034,160 shares of 5.875% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series FFHH for $2.35 billion.$844 million, net of deferred fees. Dividends are paid semi-annuallyquarterly commencing on September 15, 2018 through March 15, 2028 and quarterly thereafter beginning on June 15, 2028.October 24, 2018. The Series FFHH preferred stock has a liquidation preference of $25,000 per share and is subject to certain restrictions in the event that the Corporation fails to declare and pay full dividends.
Restricted Stock Units
During the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, the Corporation granted 71 million restrictedfully redeemed Series D, Series I, Series K and Series 3 preferred stock unit (RSU) awards to certain employees under the Bankfor a total of America Corporation Key Employee Equity Plan. These awards were authorized to settle predominantly in shares of common stock of the Corporation and will be expensed based on the grant-date fair value of the shares. Certain RSUs will be settled in cash or contain settlement provisions that subject these awards to variable accounting whereby compensation expense is adjusted tofairvaluebasedonchangesinthesharepriceof the Corporation’s common stock up to the settlement date. Of the RSUs granted, 63 million will vest in one-third increments on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date provided that the employee remains continuously employed with the Corporation during that time, and will be expensed ratably over the vesting period, net of estimated forfeitures, for non-retirement eligible employees. For RSUs granted to employees who are retirement eligible, the awards are deemed authorized as of the beginning of the year preceding the grant date when the incentive award plans are generally approved. As a result, the estimated value is expensed ratably over the year preceding the grant date. Additionally, eight million of the RSUs granted will vest in one-fourth increments on each of the first four anniversaries of the grant date provided that the employee remains continuously employed with the Corporation during that time, and will be expensed ratably over the vesting period, net of estimated forfeitures.$1.7 billion. For additional information on the Corporation’s preferred stock, including liquidation preference, dividend requirements and redemption period, see Note 1813Stock-based Compensation PlansShareholders’ Equity to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.


  
Bank of America     9096


NOTE 12 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The table below presents the changes in accumulated OCI after-tax for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017.
                      
(Dollars in millions)
Debt and
Equity Securities
 Debit Valuation Adjustments Derivatives 
Employee
Benefit Plans
 
Foreign
Currency
 Total
Debt and
Equity Securities
 Debit Valuation Adjustments Derivatives 
Employee
Benefit Plans
 
Foreign
Currency
 Total
Balance, December 31, 2016$(1,267) $(767) $(895) $(3,480) $(879) $(7,288)$(1,267) $(767) $(895) $(3,480) $(879) $(7,288)
Net change(99) 9
 38
 27
 (3) (28)931
 (149) 156
 80
 102
 1,120
Balance, March 31, 2017$(1,366) $(758) $(857) $(3,453) $(882) $(7,316)
Balance, September 30, 2017$(336) $(916) $(739) $(3,400) $(777) $(6,168)
                      
Balance, December 31, 2017$(1,206) $(1,060) $(831) $(3,192) $(793) $(7,082)$(1,206) $(1,060) $(831) $(3,192) $(793) $(7,082)
Accounting change related to certain tax effects (1)
(393) (220) (189) (707) 239
 (1,270)(393) (220) (189) (707) 239
 (1,270)
Cumulative adjustment for hedge accounting change (2)

 
 57
 
 
 57

 
 57
 
 
 57
Net change(3,963) 273
 (275) 30
 (48) (3,983)(6,166) 183
 (346) 91
 (303) (6,541)
Balance, March 31, 2018$(5,562) $(1,007) $(1,238) $(3,869) $(602) $(12,278)
Balance, September 30, 2018$(7,765) $(1,097) $(1,309) $(3,808) $(857) $(14,836)
The table below presents the net change in fair value recorded in accumulated OCI, net realized gains and losses reclassified into earnings and other changes for each component of OCI before-pre- and after-tax for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017.
                      
Changes in OCI Components Before- and After-tax        
Changes in OCI Components Pre- and After-taxChanges in OCI Components Pre- and After-tax        
  
Before-
tax
 
Tax
effect
 
After-
tax
 
Before-
tax
 
Tax
effect
 
After-
tax
Pretax 
Tax
effect
 
After-
tax
 Pretax 
Tax
effect
 
After-
tax
Three Months Ended March 31Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 20172018 2017
Debt and equity securities:                      
Net decrease in fair value$(5,323) $1,360
 $(3,963) $(124) $53
 $(71)
Net realized gains reclassified into earnings (3)
(2) 2
 
 (45) 17
 (28)
Net increase (decrease) in fair value$(8,198) $2,075
 $(6,123) $1,802
 $(674) $1,128
Net realized (gains) reclassified into earnings (3)
(55) 12
 (43) (312) 115
 (197)
Net change(5,325) 1,362
 (3,963) (169) 70
 (99)(8,253) 2,087
 (6,166) 1,490
 (559) 931
Debit valuation adjustments:                      
Net increase in fair value342
 (82) 260
 9
 (4) 5
Net increase (decrease) in fair value220
 (52) 168
 (255) 96
 (159)
Net realized losses reclassified into earnings (3)
17
 (4) 13
 6
 (2) 4
20
 (5) 15
 30
 (20) 10
Net change359
 (86) 273
 15
 (6) 9
240
 (57) 183
 (225) 76
 (149)
Derivatives:                      
Net decrease in fair value(424) 131
 (293) (9) 3
 (6)
Net increase (decrease) in fair value(601) 174
 (427) 79
 (30) 49
Reclassifications into earnings:                      
Net interest income50
 (12) 38
 112
 (42) 70
134
 (33) 101
 274
 (103) 171
Personnel expense(27) 7
 (20) (42) 16
 (26)(27) 7
 (20) (103) 39
 (64)
Net realized losses reclassified into earnings23
 (5) 18
 70
 (26) 44
107
 (26) 81
 171
 (64) 107
Net change(401) 126
 (275) 61
 (23) 38
(494) 148
 (346) 250
 (94) 156
Employee benefit plans:                      
Reclassifications into earnings:                      
Prior service cost(1) 
 (1) 1
 
 1
Net actuarial losses42
 (11) 31
 42
 (16) 26
Net actuarial losses and other119
 (28) 91
 128
 (48) 80
Net realized losses reclassified into earnings (4)
41
 (11) 30
 43
 (16) 27
119
 (28) 91
 128
 (48) 80
Settlements, curtailments and other
 
 
 
 
 
Net change41
 (11) 30
 43
 (16) 27
119
 (28) 91
 128
 (48) 80
Foreign currency:                      
Net decrease in fair value(82) 34
 (48) (131) 108
 (23)
Net increase (decrease) in fair value(87) (165) (252) (454) 462
 8
Net realized (gains) losses reclassified into earnings (3)
1
 (1) 
 (12) 32
 20
(143) 92
 (51) (608) 702
 94
Net change(81) 33
 (48) (143) 140
 (3)(230) (73) (303) (1,062) 1,164
 102
Total other comprehensive income (loss)$(5,407) $1,424
 $(3,983) $(193) $165
 $(28)$(8,618) $2,077
 $(6,541) $581
 $539
 $1,120
(1) 
Effective January 1, 2018, the Corporation adopted the new accounting standard on tax effects in accumulated OCI related to the Tax Act. Accordingly, certain tax effects were reclassified from accumulated OCI to retained earnings. For additional information, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles.
(2) 
Reflects the Corporation’s adoption of the new hedge accounting standard. For additional information, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles.
(3) 
Reclassifications of pretax debt and equity securities, DVA and foreign currency (gains) losses are recorded in other income in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
(4) 
Reclassifications of pretax employee benefit plan costs are recorded in other general operating expense in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

9197     Bank of America

  





NOTE 13 Earnings Per Common Share
The calculation of earnings per common share (EPS) and diluted EPS for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017 is presented below. For more information on the calculation of EPS, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
          
Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(In millions, except per share information)2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017
Earnings per common share 
  
 
  
    
Net income$6,918
 $5,337
$7,167
 $5,424
 $20,869
 $15,867
Preferred stock dividends(428) (502)(466) (465) (1,212) (1,328)
Net income applicable to common shareholders$6,490
 $4,835
$6,701
 $4,959
 $19,657
 $14,539
Average common shares issued and outstanding10,322.4
 10,099.6
10,031.6
 10,197.9
 10,177.5
 10,103.4
Earnings per common share$0.63
 $0.48
$0.67
 $0.49
 $1.93
 $1.44
          
Diluted earnings per common share 
  
 
  
    
Net income applicable to common shareholders$6,490
 $4,835
$6,701
 $4,959
 $19,657
 $14,539
Add preferred stock dividends due to assumed conversions (1)

 75

 37
 
 187
Net income allocated to common shareholders$6,490
 $4,910
$6,701
 $4,996
 $19,657
 $14,726
Average common shares issued and outstanding10,322.4
 10,099.6
10,031.6
 10,197.9
 10,177.5
 10,103.4
Dilutive potential common shares (2)
150.3
 820.1
139.2
 548.8
 140.4
 728.7
Total diluted average common shares issued and outstanding10,472.7
 10,919.7
10,170.8
 10,746.7
 10,317.9
 10,832.1
Diluted earnings per common share$0.62
 $0.45
$0.66
 $0.46
 $1.91
 $1.36
(1) 
Represents the Series T dividends under the “if-converted” method prior to conversion.
(2) 
Includes incremental dilutive shares from RSUs,restricted stock units, restricted stock and warrants.
The Corporation previously issued warrants to purchase 700 million shares of the Corporation’s common stock to the holders of the Series T 6% Non-cumulative preferred stock (Series T). In the third quarter of 2017, the Series T holders exercised the warrants and acquired the 700 million shares of the Corporation’s common stock. For the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, the average dilutive impact of the 700 million average dilutive potential common shares werewas included in the diluted share count under the “if-converted” method.
For both the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, 62 million average dilutive potential common shares associated with the Series L preferred stock were not included in the diluted share count because the result would have been antidilutive under the “if-converted” method. For the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, and 2017, average options to purchase seventwo million and 30five million shares of common stock were outstanding but not included in the computation of EPS because the result would have been antidilutive under the treasury stock method.method compared to 18 million and 22 million for the same periods in 2017. For the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, average warrants to purchase 264135 million and 139 million shares of common stock were included in the diluted EPS calculation under the treasury stock method compared to 150 million shares of common stock for both periods in 2017. For both the three and nine months ended March 31, 2017. For the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, average warrants to purchase 122 million shares of common stock were outstanding but not included in the computation of EPS because the result would have been antidilutive under the treasury stock method.
 
NOTE 14 Fair Value Measurements
Under applicable accounting standards, fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The Corporation determines the fair values of its financial instruments under applicable accounting standards and conducts a review of its fair value hierarchy classifications on a quarterly basis. Transfers into or out of fair value hierarchy classifications are considered to be effective as of the beginning of the quarter in which they occur. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, there were no changes to valuation approaches or techniques that had, or are expected to have, a material impact on the Corporation’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
For more information regarding the fair value hierarchy and how the Corporation measures fair value and valuation processes and techniques, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles and Note 20 – Fair Value Measurements to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Corporation accounts for certain financial instruments under the fair value option. For additional information, see Note 15 – Fair Value Option.


  
Bank of America     9298


Recurring Fair Value
Assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, including financial instruments which the Corporation accounts for under the fair value option, are summarized in the following tables.
                  
March 31, 2018September 30, 2018
Fair Value Measurements    Fair Value Measurements    
(Dollars in millions)Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Netting Adjustments (1)
 Assets/Liabilities at Fair ValueLevel 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Netting Adjustments (1)
 Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
Assets 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments$1,528
 $
 $
 $
 $1,528
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell$
 $68,556
 $
 $
 $68,556

 52,524
 
 
 52,524
Trading account assets: 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
U.S. Treasury and agency securities (2)
35,219
 2,473
 
 
 37,692
39,677
 1,251
 
 
 40,928
Corporate securities, trading loans and other
 31,556
 1,716
 
 33,272

 27,281
 1,534
 
 28,815
Equity securities40,949
 24,724
 212
 
 65,885
66,850
 28,049
 290
 
 95,189
Non-U.S. sovereign debt7,459
 25,381
 401
 
 33,241
5,667
 19,524
 469
 
 25,660
Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS:                  
U.S. government-sponsored agency guaranteed (2)

 18,380
 
 
 18,380
U.S. government-sponsored agency guaranteed
 18,697
 
 
 18,697
Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS
 8,635
 1,372
 
 10,007

 8,350
 1,479
 
 9,829
Total trading account assets (3)
83,627
 111,149
 3,701
 
 198,477
112,194
 103,152
 3,772
 
 219,118
Derivative assets (4)
9,873
 345,940
 4,545
 (312,489) 47,869
Derivative assets9,961
 322,940
 4,380
 (291,664) 45,617
AFS debt securities: 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
U.S. Treasury and agency securities51,412
 1,560
 
 
 52,972
50,900
 1,406
 
 
 52,306
Mortgage-backed securities: 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
Agency
 184,111
 
 
 184,111

 136,112
 
 
 136,112
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
 6,398
 
 
 6,398

 5,678
 
 
 5,678
Non-agency residential
 2,604
 
 
 2,604

 1,593
 544
 
 2,137
Commercial
 13,559
 
 
 13,559

 13,510
 
 
 13,510
Non-U.S. securities751
 6,151
 23
 
 6,925
759
 6,317
 3
 
 7,079
Other taxable securities
 4,671
 43
 
 4,714

 3,869
 7
 
 3,876
Tax-exempt securities
 19,077
 
 
 19,077

 18,349
 1
 
 18,350
Total AFS debt securities52,163
 238,131
 66
 
 290,360
51,659
 186,834
 555
 
 239,048
Other debt securities carried at fair value:                  
Mortgage-backed securities:                  
Non-agency residential
 2,736
 
 
 2,736

 1,400
 296
 
 1,696
Non-U.S. securities8,621
 1,355
 
 
 9,976
9,943
 945
 
 
 10,888
Other taxable securities
 226
 
 
 226

 3
 
 
 3
Total other debt securities carried at fair value8,621
 4,317
 
 
 12,938
9,943
 2,348
 296
 
 12,587
Loans and leases
 5,463
 526
 
 5,989

 5,321
 410
 
 5,731
Loans held-for-sale
 2,406
 685
 
 3,091

 2,590
 526
 
 3,116
Other assets (5)
15,376
 1,904
 3,295
 
 20,575
Other assets (4)
18,858
 1,740
 3,140
 
 23,738
Total assets$169,660
 $777,866
 $12,818
 $(312,489) $647,855
$204,143
 $677,449
 $13,079
 $(291,664) $603,007
Liabilities 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
Interest-bearing deposits in U.S. offices$
 $435
 $
 $
 $435
$
 $529
 $
 $
 $529
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase
 35,116
 
 
 35,116

 34,242
 
 
 34,242
Trading account liabilities: 
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
U.S. Treasury and agency securities15,205
 293
 
 
 15,498
15,403
 362
 
 
 15,765
Equity securities43,434
 5,061
 
 
 48,495
38,743
 4,673
 
 
 43,416
Non-U.S. sovereign debt17,210
 11,080
 
 
 28,290
12,496
 9,863
 
 
 22,359
Corporate securities and other
 7,909
 26
 
 7,935

 8,407
 17
 
 8,424
Total trading account liabilities75,849
 24,343
 26
 
 100,218
66,642
 23,305
 17
 
 89,964
Derivative liabilities (4)
9,374
 325,832
 5,683
 (306,989) 33,900
Derivative liabilities9,142
 309,966
 4,950
 (287,869) 36,189
Short-term borrowings
 2,284
 
 
 2,284

 1,789
 
 
 1,789
Accrued expenses and other liabilities18,131
 2,037
 8
 
 20,176
22,667
 1,849
 
 
 24,516
Long-term debt
 28,711
 1,351
 
 30,062

 27,754
 923
 
 28,677
Total liabilities$103,354
 $418,758
 $7,068
 $(306,989) $222,191
$98,451
 $399,434
 $5,890
 $(287,869) $215,906
(1) 
Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements and also cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties.
(2) 
Includes $19.119.9 billion of GSE obligations.
(3) 
Includes securities with a fair value of $16.414.2 billion that were segregated in compliance with securities regulations or deposited with clearing organizations. This amount is included in the parenthetical disclosure on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
(4) 
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, $364 million of derivative assets and $188 million of derivative liabilities were transferred from Level 1 to Level 2 and $916 million of derivative assets and $663 million of derivative liabilities were transferred from Level 2 to Level 1 based on the observability of inputs used to measure fair value. For further disaggregation of derivative assets and liabilities, see Note 3 – Derivatives.
(5)
Includes MSRs of $2.32.2 billion.which are classified as Level 3 assets.


9399     Bank of America

  





                  
December 31, 2017December 31, 2017
Fair Value Measurements    Fair Value Measurements    
(Dollars in millions)Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Netting Adjustments (1)
 Assets/Liabilities at Fair ValueLevel 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Netting Adjustments (1)
 Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
Assets 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments$2,234
 $
 $
 $
 $2,234
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell$
 $52,906
 $
 $
 $52,906

 52,906
 
 
 52,906
Trading account assets: 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
U.S. Treasury and agency securities (2, 3)
38,720
 1,922
 
 
 40,642
U.S. Treasury and agency securities (2)
38,720
 1,922
 
 
 40,642
Corporate securities, trading loans and other
 28,714
 1,864
 
 30,578

 28,714
 1,864
 
 30,578
Equity securities (3)
60,747
 23,958
 235
 
 84,940
Non-U.S. sovereign debt (3)
6,545
 15,839
 556
 
 22,940
Equity securities60,747
 23,958
 235
 
 84,940
Non-U.S. sovereign debt6,545
 15,839
 556
 
 22,940
Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS:                  
U.S. government-sponsored agency guaranteed (2)

 20,586
 
 
 20,586
U.S. government-sponsored agency guaranteed
 20,586
 
 
 20,586
Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS
 8,174
 1,498
 
 9,672

 8,174
 1,498
 
 9,672
Total trading account assets (4)
106,012
 99,193
 4,153
 
 209,358
Derivative assets (3)
6,305
 341,178
 4,067
 (313,788) 37,762
Total trading account assets (3)
106,012
 99,193
 4,153
 
 209,358
Derivative assets6,305
 341,178
 4,067
 (313,788) 37,762
AFS debt securities: 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
U.S. Treasury and agency securities51,915
 1,608
 
 
 53,523
51,915
 1,608
 
 
 53,523
Mortgage-backed securities: 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
Agency
 192,929
 
 
 192,929

 192,929
 
 
 192,929
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
 6,804
 
 
 6,804

 6,804
 
 
 6,804
Non-agency residential
 2,669
 
 
 2,669

 2,669
 
 
 2,669
Commercial
 13,684
 
 
 13,684

 13,684
 
 
 13,684
Non-U.S. securities772
 5,880
 25
 
 6,677
772
 5,880
 25
 
 6,677
Other taxable securities
 5,261
 509
 
 5,770

 5,261
 509
 
 5,770
Tax-exempt securities
 20,106
 469
 
 20,575

 20,106
 469
 
 20,575
Total AFS debt securities52,687
 248,941
 1,003
 
 302,631
52,687
 248,941
 1,003
 
 302,631
Other debt securities carried at fair value:                  
Mortgage-backed securities:                  
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations
 5
 
 
 5
Non-agency residential
 2,764
 
 
 2,764

 2,769
 
 
 2,769
Non-U.S. securities8,191
 1,297
 
 
 9,488
8,191
 1,297
 
 
 9,488
Other taxable securities
 229
 
 
 229

 229
 
 
 229
Total other debt securities carried at fair value8,191
 4,295
 
 
 12,486
8,191
 4,295
 
 
 12,486
Loans and leases
 5,139
 571
 
 5,710

 5,139
 571
 
 5,710
Loans held-for-sale
 1,466
 690
 
 2,156

 1,466
 690
 
 2,156
Other assets (5)(4)
19,367
 789
 2,425
 
 22,581
19,367
 789
 2,425
 
 22,581
Total assets$192,562
 $753,907
 $12,909
 $(313,788) $645,590
$194,796
 $753,907
 $12,909
 $(313,788) $647,824
Liabilities 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
Interest-bearing deposits in U.S. offices$
 $449
 $
 $
 $449
$
 $449
 $
 $
 $449
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase
 36,182
 
 
 36,182

 36,182
 
 
 36,182
Trading account liabilities: 
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
U.S. Treasury and agency securities17,266
 734
 
 
 18,000
17,266
 734
 
 
 18,000
Equity securities (3)
33,019
 3,885
 
 
 36,904
Non-U.S. sovereign debt (3)
11,976
 7,382
 
 
 19,358
Equity securities33,019
 3,885
 
 
 36,904
Non-U.S. sovereign debt11,976
 7,382
 
 
 19,358
Corporate securities and other
 6,901
 24
 
 6,925

 6,901
 24
 
 6,925
Total trading account liabilities62,261
 18,902
 24
 
 81,187
62,261
 18,902
 24
 
 81,187
Derivative liabilities (3)
6,029
 334,261
 5,781
 (311,771) 34,300
6,029
 334,261
 5,781
 (311,771) 34,300
Short-term borrowings
 1,494
 
 
 1,494

 1,494
 
 
 1,494
Accrued expenses and other liabilities21,887
 945
 8
 
 22,840
21,887
 945
 8
 
 22,840
Long-term debt
 29,923
 1,863
 
 31,786

 29,923
 1,863
 
 31,786
Total liabilities$90,177
 $422,156
 $7,676
 $(311,771) $208,238
$90,177
 $422,156
 $7,676
 $(311,771) $208,238
(1) 
Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements and also cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties.
(2) 
Includes $21.3 billion of GSE obligations.
(3) 
During 2017, for trading account assets and liabilities, $1.1 billion of U.S. Treasury and agency securities assets, $5.3 billion of equity securities assets, $3.1 billion of equity securities liabilities, $3.3 billion of non-U.S. sovereign debt assets and $1.5 billion of non-U.S. sovereign debt liabilities were transferred from Level 1 to Level 2 based on the liquidity of the positions. In addition, $14.1 billion of equity securities assets and $4.3 billion of equity securities liabilities were transferred from Level 2 to Level 1. Also in 2017, $4.2 billion of derivative assets and $3.0 billion of derivative liabilities were transferred from Level 1 to Level 2 and $758 million of derivative assets and $608 million of derivative liabilities were transferred from Level 2 to Level 1 based on the observability of inputs used to measure fair value. For further disaggregation of derivative assets and liabilities, see Note 3 – Derivatives.
(4)
Includes securities with a fair value of $16.8 billion that were segregated in compliance with securities regulations or deposited with clearing organizations. This amount is included in the parenthetical disclosure on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
(5)(4) 
Includes MSRs of $2.3 billion. which are classified as Level 3 assets.



  
Bank of America     94100


The following tables present a reconciliation of all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, including net realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings and accumulated OCI.
  
Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 (1)
Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 (1)
Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 (1)
   
(Dollars in millions)
Balance
January 1
2018
Total Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) (2)
Gains
(Losses)
in OCI
(3)
Gross
Gross
Transfers
into
Level 3 
Gross
Transfers
out of
Level 3 
Balance
March 31
2018
Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Related to Financial Instruments Still Held (2)
Balance
July 1
2018
Total Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) (2)
Gains
(Losses)
in OCI
(3)
Gross
Gross
Transfers
into
Level 3 
Gross
Transfers
out of
Level 3 
Balance
September 30
2018
Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Related to Financial Instruments Still Held (2)
(Dollars in millions)
Balance
January 1
2018
Total Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) (2)
Gains
(Losses)
in OCI
(3)
PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlements
Gross
Transfers
into
Level 3 
Gross
Transfers
out of
Level 3 
Balance
March 31
2018
Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Related to Financial Instruments Still Held (2)
PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlements
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Corporate securities, trading loans and other$1,864
$9
$
$193
$(136)$
$(139)$103
$(178)$1,716
$(15)$1,638
$14
$
$54
$(87)$
$(175)$269
$(179)$1,534
$(14)
Equity securities235
8

6
(7)

1
(31)212
8
228
8

21



43
(10)290
8
Non-U.S. sovereign debt556
16
2

(50)
(8)
(115)401
16
368
10
(13)



109
(5)469
11
Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS1,498
99
3
125
(320)
(69)94
(58)1,372
83
1,523
16
(1)75
(184)
(29)191
(112)1,479
8
Total trading account assets4,153
132
5
324
(513)
(216)198
(382)3,701
92
3,757
48
(14)150
(271)
(204)612
(306)3,772
13
Net derivative assets (4)
(1,714)495

153
(262)
202
71
(83)(1,138)517
(1,588)(53)
23
(66)
111
20
983
(570)(51)
AFS debt securities: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-agency residential MBS453
31
(28)
(72)

235
(75)544

Non-U.S. securities25





(2)

23

3








3

Other taxable securities509
1




(7)
(460)43

99
(1)(3)
(22)


(66)7

Tax-exempt securities469







(469)

1








1

Total AFS debt securities (5)
1,003
1




(9)
(929)66

Loans and leases (6, 7)
571
(16)

(4)
(25)

526
(16)
Loans held-for-sale (6)
690
24

12


(41)

685
21
Other assets (5, 7, 8)
2,425
192


(38)29
(242)929

3,295
120
Total AFS debt securities556
30
(31)
(94)

235
(141)555

Other debt securities carried at fair value – Non-agency residential MBS287
(23)




60
(28)296
(10)
Loans and leases (5, 6)
493



(62)
(21)

410
(1)
Loans held-for-sale (5)
577
12
(4)39


(82)12
(28)526
9
Other assets (6, 7)
3,184
121


(22)31
(174)

3,140
55
Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities and other(24)1


(2)(1)


(26)1
(35)9

9





(17)(6)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (6)
(8)







(8)
Long-term debt (6)
(1,863)23
1
5

(67)172
(33)411
(1,351)26
Long-term debt (5)
(1,225)11
(1)

(11)106
(106)303
(923)13
(1) 
Assets (liabilities). For assets, increase (decrease) to Level 3 and for liabilities, (increase) decrease to Level 3.
(2) 
Includes gains (losses) reported in earnings in the following income statement line items: Trading account assets/liabilities - primarilypredominantly trading account profits; Net derivative assets - primarily trading account profits and other income; Other debt securities carried at fair value - other income; Loans and leases - other income; Loans held-for-sale - other income; Other assets - primarily other income related to MSRs; Long-term debt - primarily trading account profits. For MSRs, the amounts reflect the changes in modeled MSR fair value due to observed changes in interest rates, volatility, spreads and the shape of the forward swap curve, and periodic adjustments to the valuation model to reflect changes in the modeled relationships between inputs and projected cash flows, as well as changes in cash flow assumptions including cost to service.
(3) 
Includes unrealized gains (losses) in OCI on AFS debt securities, foreign currency translation adjustments and the impact of changes in the Corporation’s credit spreads on long-term debt accounted for under the fair value option. For moreadditional information, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.10-K.
(4) 
Net derivativesderivative assets include derivative assets of $4.54.4 billion and derivative liabilities of $5.75.0 billion.
(5)
Amounts represent instruments that are accounted for under the fair value option.
(6)
Issuances represent loan originations and MSRs recognized following securitizations or whole-loan sales.
(7)
Settlements primarily represent the net change in fair value of the MSR asset due to the recognition of modeled cash flows and the passage of time.
Transfers into Level 3, primarily due to decreased price observability, during the three months ended September 30, 2018 included $612 million of trading account assets, $235 million of AFS debt securities, $60 million of other debt securities carried at fair value and $106 million of long-term debt. Transfers occur on a regular basis for long-term debt instruments due to changes in the impact of unobservable inputs on the value of the embedded derivative in relation to the instrument as a whole.
Transfers out of Level 3, primarily due to increased price observability, during the three months ended September 30, 2018 included $306 million of trading account assets, $983 million of net derivative assets, $141 million of AFS debt securities and $303 million of long-term debt.

101Bank of America






            
Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 (1)
   
 
Balance
July 1
2017
Total Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) (2)
Gains
(Losses)
in OCI
(3)
Gross
Gross
Transfers
into
Level 3 
Gross
Transfers
out of
Level 3 
Balance
September 30
2017
Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Related to Financial Instruments Still Held (2)
(Dollars in millions)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlements
Trading account assets: 
 
 
    
  
 
 
Corporate securities, trading loans and other$1,777
$77
$
$35
$(79)$5
$(208)$288
$(153)$1,742
$35
Equity securities229
8

3
(3)

17
(10)244
10
Non-U.S. sovereign debt506
33
18



(5)

552
33
Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS1,232
10
(1)150
(157)
(46)83
(19)1,252
(2)
Total trading account assets3,744
128
17
188
(239)5
(259)388
(182)3,790
76
Net derivative assets (4)
(1,803)(252)
150
(367)
278
7
(36)(2,023)(283)
AFS debt securities: 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
Non-U.S. securities139
1
4
7


(115)

36

Other taxable securities483

1



(1)

483

Tax-exempt securities518

1



(7)
(45)467

Total AFS debt securities1,140
1
6
7


(123)
(45)986

Other debt securities carried at fair value – Non-agency residential MBS23





(1)

22

Loans and leases (5, 6)
667
2

2
(24)
(29)

618
2
Loans held-for-sale (5)
766
38
10

(4)
(93)58

775
27
Other assets (6, 7)
2,795
124
(43)
(80)69
(191)

2,674
8
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase (5)
(135)




135




Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities and other(22)1


(3)(1)


(25)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (5)
(9)







(9)
Long-term debt (5)
(1,646)(87)(7)63

(129)115
(244)45
(1,890)(87)
(1)
Assets (liabilities). For assets, increase (decrease) to Level 3 and for liabilities, (increase) decrease to Level 3.
(2)
Includes gains (losses) reported in earnings in the following income statement line items: Trading account assets/liabilities - predominantly trading account profits; Net derivative assets - primarily trading account profits and other income; Loans and leases - other income; Loans held-for-sale - other income; Other assets - primarily other income related to MSRs; Long-term debt - trading account profits. For MSRs, the amounts reflect the changes in modeled MSR fair value due to observed changes in interest rates, volatility, spreads and the shape of the forward swap curve, and periodic adjustments to the valuation model to reflect changes in the modeled relationships between inputs and projected cash flows, as well as changes in cash flow assumptions including cost to service.
(3)
Includes unrealized gains (losses) in OCI on AFS debt securities, foreign currency translation adjustments and the impact of changes in the Corporation’s credit spreads on long-term debt accounted for under the fair value option. For additional information, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(4)
Net derivative assets include derivative assets of $3.9 billion and derivative liabilities of $5.9 billion.
(5)
Amounts represent instruments that are accounted for under the fair value option.
(6)
Issuances represent loan originations and MSRs recognized following securitizations or whole-loan sales.
(7)
Settlements primarily represent the net change in fair value of the MSR asset due to the recognition of modeled cash flows and the passage of time.
Transfers into Level 3, primarily due to decreased price observability, during the three months ended September 30, 2017 included $388 million of trading account assets and $244 million of long-term debt. Transfers occur on a regular basis for long-term debt instruments due to changes in the impact of unobservable inputs on the value of the embedded derivative in relation to the instrument as a whole.
Transfers out of Level 3, primarily due to increased price observability, during the three months ended September 30, 2017 included $182 million of trading account assets.

Bank of America102


            
Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 (1)
   
(Dollars in millions)
Balance
January 1
2018
Total Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) (2)
Gains
(Losses)
in OCI
(3)
Gross
Gross
Transfers
into
Level 3 
Gross
Transfers
out of
Level 3 
Balance
September 30
2018
Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Related to Financial Instruments Still Held (2)
PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlements
Trading account assets: 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
Corporate securities, trading loans and other$1,864
$(14)$(1)$328
$(298)$
$(388)$517
$(474)$1,534
$(88)
Equity securities235
17

29
(11)
(4)73
(49)290
17
Non-U.S. sovereign debt556
39
(55)7
(50)
(8)117
(137)469
40
Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS1,498
157
2
392
(760)
(136)541
(215)1,479
92
Total trading account assets4,153
199
(54)756
(1,119)
(536)1,248
(875)3,772
61
Net derivative assets (4)
(1,714)203

371
(919)
488
87
914
(570)(138)
AFS debt securities: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-agency residential MBS
39
(42)
(72)

694
(75)544

Non-U.S. securities25

(1)
(10)
(14)3

3

Other taxable securities509
1
(5)
(22)
(10)60
(526)7

Tax-exempt securities469






1
(469)1

Total AFS debt securities (5)
1,003
40
(48)
(104)
(24)758
(1,070)555

Other debt securities carried at fair value – Non-agency residential MBS
(27)

(7)

358
(28)296
(5)
Loans and leases (6, 7)
571
(20)

(71)
(70)

410
(17)
Loans held-for-sale (6)
690
24
(31)51


(160)12
(60)526
18
Other assets (5, 7, 8)
2,425
389

2
(68)83
(585)929
(35)3,140
188
Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities and other(24)11

9
(11)(2)


(17)(7)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (6)
(8)




8




Long-term debt (6)
(1,863)97
2
9

(131)429
(253)787
(923)87
(1)
Assets (liabilities). For assets, increase (decrease) to Level 3 and for liabilities, (increase) decrease to Level 3.
(2)
Includes gains (losses) reported in earnings in the following income statement line items: Trading account assets/liabilities - predominantly trading account profits; Net derivative assets - primarily trading account profits and other income; Other debt securities carried at fair value - other income; Loans and leases - other income; Loans held-for-sale - other income; Other assets - primarily other income related to MSRs; Long-term debt - trading account profits. For MSRs, the amounts reflect the changes in modeled MSR fair value due to observed changes in interest rates, volatility, spreads and the shape of the forward swap curve, and periodic adjustments to the valuation model to reflect changes in the modeled relationships between inputs and projected cash flows, as well as changes in cash flow assumptions including cost to service.
(3)
Includes unrealized gains (losses) in OCI on AFS debt securities, foreign currency translation adjustments and the impact of changes in the Corporation’s credit spreads on long-term debt accounted for under the fair value option. For additional information, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statementsof the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(4)
Net derivative assets include derivative assets of $4.4 billion and derivative liabilities of $5.0 billion.
(5) 
Transfer primarily relates to the reclassification of certain securities.
(6) 
Amounts represent instruments that are accounted for under the fair value option.
(7) 
Issuances represent loan originations and MSRs recognized following securitizations or whole-loan sales.
(8) 
Settlements primarily represent the net change in fair value of the MSR asset due to the recognition of modeled cash flows and the passage of time.
Transfers into Level 3, primarily due to decreased price observability, during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 included $198 million of trading account assets.
Transfers out of Level 3, primarily due to increased price observability, during the three months ended March 31, 2018
included $382 million$1.2 billion of trading account assets, $758 million of AFS debt securities, $358 million of other debt securities carried at fair value and $411$253 million of long-term debt. Transfers occur on a regular basis for long-term debt instruments due to changes
in the impact of unobservable inputs on the value of the embedded derivative in relation to the instrument as a whole.
Transfers out of Level 3, primarily due to increased price observability, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 included $875 million of trading account assets, $914 million of net derivatives assets and $787 million of long-term debt.

95103     Bank of America

  





  
Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 (1)
Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 (1)
Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 (1)
    
Balance
January 1
2017
Total Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) (2)
Gains
(Losses)
in OCI
(3)
Gross
Gross
Transfers
into
Level 3 
Gross
Transfers
out of
Level 3 
Balance
March 31
2017
Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Related to Financial Instruments Still Held (2)
Balance
January 1
2017
Total Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) (2)
Gains
(Losses)
in OCI
(3)
Gross
Gross
Transfers
into
Level 3 
Gross
Transfers
out of
Level 3 
Balance
September 30
2017
Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Related to Financial Instruments Still Held (2)
(Dollars in millions)PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlementsPurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlements
Trading account assets: 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
Corporate securities, trading loans and other$2,777
$84
$
$199
$(480)$
$(127)$75
$(499)$2,029
$56
$2,777
$225
$
$353
$(679)$5
$(443)$506
$(1,002)$1,742
$72
Equity securities281
12

20
(17)
(10)72
(70)288
8
281
23

45
(67)
(10)119
(147)244
11
Non-U.S. sovereign debt510
19
10

(9)
(6)3

527
19
510
64
12
26
(59)
(73)72

552
60
Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS1,211
107

339
(375)
(54)28
(41)1,215
74
1,211
195
(2)747
(846)
(169)187
(71)1,252
107
Total trading account assets4,779
222
10
558
(881)
(197)178
(610)4,059
157
4,779
507
10
1,171
(1,651)5
(695)884
(1,220)3,790
250
Net derivative assets (4)
(1,313)(474)
200
(247)
170
29
(30)(1,665)(489)(1,313)(1,098)
558
(843)
722
36
(85)(2,023)(561)
AFS debt securities: 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Non-U.S. securities229

3
20


(45)

207

229
2
16
49


(260)

36

Other taxable securities594
3
4



(22)

579

594
3
6
5


(31)
(94)483

Tax-exempt securities542

2

(56)
(3)35

520

542

1

(56)
(10)35
(45)467

Total AFS debt securities1,365
3
9
20
(56)
(70)35

1,306

1,365
5
23
54
(56)
(301)35
(139)986

Other debt securities carried at fair value – Non-agency residential MBS25
(1)






24

25
(1)



(2)

22

Loans and leases (5, 6)
720
12




(30)

702
12
720
20

2
(24)
(93)
(7)618
18
Loans held-for-sale (5)
656
29
6

(136)
(60)315
(18)792
22
656
109
7
2
(159)
(281)473
(32)775
60
Other assets (6, 7)
2,986
(33)

5
75
(192)

2,841
(123)2,986
93
(31)2
(74)207
(573)64

2,674
(181)
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase (5)
(359)1



(2)28

106
(226)1
(359)(5)


(12)171
(58)263

(5)
Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities and other(27)2


(10)



(35)2
(27)13

4
(13)(2)


(25)(1)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (5)
(9)







(9)
(9)







(9)
Long-term debt (5)
(1,514)(83)7
11

(130)159
(178)68
(1,660)(83)(1,514)(160)(18)81

(279)398
(530)132
(1,890)(158)
(1) 
Assets (liabilities). For assets, increase (decrease) to Level 3 and for liabilities, (increase) decrease to Level 3.
(2) 
Includes gains (losses) reported in earnings in the following income statement line items: Trading account assets/liabilities - predominantly trading account profits; Net derivative assets - primarily trading account profits and other income; Other debt securities carried at fair value - other income; Loans and leases - other income; Loans held-for-sale - other income; Other assets - primarily other income related to MSRs; Long-term debt - primarily trading account profits. For MSRs, the amounts reflect the changes in modeled MSR fair value due to observed changes in interest rates, volatility, spreads and the shape of the forward swap curve, and periodic adjustments to the valuation model to reflect changes in the modeled relationships between inputs and projected cash flows, as well as changes in cash flow assumptions including cost to service.  
(3) 
Includes unrealized gains (losses) in OCI related to unrealized gains (losses) on AFS debt securities, foreign currency translation adjustments and the impact of changes in the Corporation’s credit spreads on long-term debt accounted for under the fair value option. For additional information, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(4) 
Net derivativesderivative assets include derivative assets of $4.23.9 billion and derivative liabilities of $5.85.9 billion.
(5) 
Amounts represent instruments that are accounted for under the fair value option.
(6) 
Issuances represent loan originations and MSRs recognized following securitizations or whole-loan sales.
(7) 
Settlements primarily represent the net change in fair value of the MSR asset due to the recognition of modeled cash flows and the passage of time.
Transfers into Level 3, primarily due to decreased price observability, during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 included $178$884 million of trading account assets, $315$473 million of LHFS and $178$530 million of long-term debt. Transfers occur on a regular basis for long-term debt instruments due to changes in the impact of unobservable inputs on the value of the embedded derivative in relation to the instrument as a whole.
 
Transfers out of Level 3, primarily due to increased price observability, during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 included $610 million$1.2 billion of trading account assets, and $106$139 million of AFS debt securities, $263 million of federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase.repurchase and $132 million of long-term debt.



  
Bank of America     96104


The following tables present information about significant unobservable inputs related to the Corporation’s material categories of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
     
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2018 
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2018Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2018 
        
(Dollars in millions)  Inputs  Inputs
Financial Instrument
Fair
Value
Valuation
Technique
Significant Unobservable
Inputs
Ranges of
Inputs
Weighted Average
Fair
Value
Valuation
Technique
Significant Unobservable
Inputs
Ranges of
Inputs
Weighted Average
Loans and Securities (1)
          
Instruments backed by residential real estate assets$845
Discounted cash flowYield0% to 25%
6%$1,615
Discounted cash flow, Market comparablesYield0% to 25%7%
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS318
Prepayment speed0% to 20% CPR
11%353
Prepayment speed0% to 19% CPR11%
Loans and leases525
Default rate0% to 2% CDR
1%410
Default rate0% to 3% CDR1%
Loans held-for-sale2
Loss severity0% to 52%
17%1
Loss severity0% to 51%17%
AFS debt securities, primarily non-agency residential555
Price$0 to td41$75
Other debt securities carried at fair value - Non-agency residential296
  
Instruments backed by commercial real estate assets$299
Discounted cash flowYield0% to 25%
9%$361
Discounted cash flowYield0% to 25%7%
Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other265
Price$0 to td00
$67272
Price$0 to td02$78
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS34
  89
  
Commercial loans, debt securities and other$3,592
Discounted cash flow, Market comparablesYield0% to 12%
5%$3,293
Discounted cash flow, Market comparablesYield1% to 46%14%
Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other1,444
Prepayment speed10% to 20%
15%1,262
Prepayment speed10% to 20%14%
Trading account assets – Non-U.S. sovereign debt401
Default rate3% to 4%
4%469
Default rate3% to 4%4%
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS1,020
Loss severity35% to 40%
38%1,037
Loss severity35% to 40%38%
AFS debt securities – Other taxable securities43
Price$0 to td41
$66
Loans and leases

1
  
Loans held-for-sale
683
  525
Discounted cash flow, Market comparablesPrice$0 to td41$65
Other assets, primarily auction rate securities$999
Discounted cash flow, Market comparablesPricetd0 to td00
$96$950
Pricetd0 to td00$96

      

      
MSRs$2,296
Discounted cash flow
Weighted-average life, fixed rate (4)
0 to 14 years
6 years
$2,190
Weighted-average life, fixed rate (4)
0 to 14 years6 years
 
Weighted-average life, variable rate (4)
0 to 10 years
3 years
 Discounted cash flow
Weighted-average life, variable rate (4)
0 to 10 years3 years
 Option Adjusted Spread, fixed rate9% to 14%
10% Option-adjusted spread, fixed rate9% to 14%10%
 Option Adjusted Spread, variable rate9% to 15%
12% Option-adjusted spread, variable rate9% to 15%12%
Structured liabilities         
Long-term debt$(1,351)
Discounted cash flow, Market comparables, Industry standard derivative pricing (2)
Equity correlation7% to 100%
68%$(923)
Discounted cash flow, Market comparables, Industry standard derivative pricing (2)
Equity correlation9% to 100%61%
 Long-dated equity volatilities4% to 70%
23% Long-dated equity volatilities4% to 79%27%
 Yield7.5%n/a
 Yield7% to 46%18%
 Price$0 to td00
$73 Price$0 to td00$70
Net derivative assets          
Credit derivatives$(298)Discounted cash flow, Stochastic recovery correlation modelYield2% to 4%
3%$(304)Discounted cash flow, Stochastic recovery correlation modelYield2% to 12%4%
 Upfront points0 points to 100 points
71 points
 Upfront points0 points to 100 points69 points
 Credit correlation22% to 80%
38% Credit correlation70%n/a
 Prepayment speed15% to 20% CPR
15% Prepayment speed15% to 20% CPR15%
 Default rate1% to 4% CDR
2% Default rate1% to 4% CDR2%
 Loss severity35%n/a
 Loss severity35%n/a
 Pricetd to $83
$73 Price$0 to td01$77
Equity derivatives$(1,508)
Industry standard derivative pricing (2)
Equity correlation7% to 100%
68%$(857)
Industry standard derivative pricing (2)
Equity correlation9% to 100%61%
 Long-dated equity volatilities4% to 70%
23% Long-dated equity volatilities4% to 79%27%
Commodity derivatives$2
Discounted cash flow, Industry standard derivative pricing (2)
Natural gas forward pricetd/MMBtu to $5/MMBtu
$3/MMBtu
$11
Discounted cash flow, Industry standard derivative pricing (2)
Natural gas forward pricetd/MMBtu to td1/MMBtu$3/MMBtu
 Correlation65% to 93%
79% Correlation53% to 89%78%
 Volatilities11% to 196%
60% Volatilities13% to 495%55%
Interest rate derivatives$666
Industry standard derivative pricing (3)
Correlation (IR/IR)15% to 70%
43%$580
Industry standard derivative pricing (3)
Correlation (IR/IR)15% to 80%53%
 Correlation (FX/IR)0% to 46%
1% Correlation (FX/IR)0% to 46%1%
 Long-dated inflation rates-18% to 34%
2% Long-dated inflation rates-20% to 38%2%
 Long-dated inflation volatilities0% to 1%
1% Long-dated inflation volatilities0% to 1%1%
Total net derivative assets$(1,138)    $(570)    
(1) 
The categories are aggregated based upon product type which differs from financial statement classification. The following is a reconciliation to the line items in the table on page 93:99: Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other of $1.7$1.5 billion, Trading account assets – Non-U.S. sovereign debt of $401$469 million, Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS of $1.4$1.5 billion, AFS debt securities of $555 million, Other debt securities carried at fair value - Non-agency residential of $296 million, Other assets, including MSRs, of $999 million,$3.1 billion, Loans and leases of $526$410 million and LHFS of $685$526 million.
(2) 
Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation and Black-Scholes.
(3) 
Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation, Black-Scholes and other methods that model the joint dynamics of interest, inflation and foreign exchange rates.
(4) 
The weighted-average life is a product of changes in market rates of interest, prepayment rates and other model and cash flow assumptions.
CPR = Constant Prepayment Rate
CDR = Constant Default Rate
MMBtu = Million British thermal units
IR = Interest Rate
FX = Foreign Exchange
n/a = not applicable

97105     Bank of America

  





     
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017
        
(Dollars in millions)  Inputs  Inputs
Financial InstrumentFair
Value
Valuation
Technique
Significant Unobservable
Inputs
Ranges of
Inputs
Weighted AverageFair
Value
Valuation
Technique
Significant Unobservable
Inputs
Ranges of
Inputs
Weighted Average
Loans and Securities (1)
          
Instruments backed by residential real estate assets$871
Discounted cash flowYield0% to 25%
6%$871
Discounted cash flowYield0% to 25%6%
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS298
Prepayment speed0% to 22% CPR
12%298
Prepayment speed0% to 22% CPR12%
Loans and leases570
Default rate0% to 3% CDR
1%570
Default rate0% to 3% CDR1%
Loans held-for-sale3
Loss severity0% to 53%
17%3
Loss severity0% to 53%17%
Instruments backed by commercial real estate assets$286
Discounted cash flowYield0% to 25%
9%$286
Discounted cash flowYield0% to 25%9%
Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other244
Price$0 to td00
$67244
Price$0 to td00$67
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS42
  42
  
Commercial loans, debt securities and other$4,023
Discounted cash flow, Market comparablesYield0% to 12%
5%$4,023
Discounted cash flow, Market comparablesYield0% to 12%5%
Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other1,613
Prepayment speed10% to 20%
16%1,613
Prepayment speed10% to 20%16%
Trading account assets – Non-U.S. sovereign debt556
Default rate3% to 4%
4%556
Default rate3% to 4%4%
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS1,158
Loss severity35% to 40%
37%1,158
Loss severity35% to 40%37%
AFS debt securities – Other taxable securities8
Price$0 to td45
$638
Price$0 to td45$63
Loans and leases1
  1
  
Loans held-for-sale687
   687
   
Auction rate securities$977
Discounted cash flow, Market comparablesPricetd0 to td00
$94$977
Discounted cash flow, Market comparablesPricetd0 to td00$94
Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other7
  7
  
AFS debt securities – Other taxable securities501
  501
  
AFS debt securities – Tax-exempt securities469
  469
  
MSRs$2,302
Discounted cash flow
Weighted-average life, fixed rate (4)
0 to 14 years
5 years
$2,302
Discounted cash flow
Weighted-average life, fixed rate (4)
0 to 14 years5 years
 
Weighted-average life, variable rate (4)
0 to 10 years
3 years
 
Weighted-average life, variable rate (4)
0 to 10 years3 years
 Option Adjusted Spread, fixed rate9% to 14%
10% Option-adjusted spread, fixed rate9% to 14%10%
 Option Adjusted Spread, variable rate9% to 15%
12% Option-adjusted spread, variable rate9% to 15%12%
Structured liabilities          
Long-term debt$(1,863)
Discounted cash flow, Market comparables, Industry standard derivative pricing (2)
Equity correlation15% to 100%
63%$(1,863)
Discounted cash flow, Market comparables, Industry standard derivative pricing (2)
Equity correlation15% to 100%63%
 Long-dated equity volatilities4% to 84%
22% Long-dated equity volatilities4% to 84%22%
 Yield7.5%n/a
 Yield7.5%n/a
 Price$0 to td00
$66 Price$0 to td00$66
Net derivative assets          
Credit derivatives$(282)Discounted cash flow, Stochastic recovery correlation modelYield1% to 5%
3%$(282)Discounted cash flow, Stochastic recovery correlation modelYield1% to 5%3%
 Upfront points0 points to 100 points
71 points
 Upfront points0 points to 100 points71 points
 Credit correlation35% to 83%
42% Credit correlation35% to 83%42%
 Prepayment speed15% to 20% CPR
16% Prepayment speed15% to 20% CPR16%
 Default rate1% to 4% CDR
2% Default rate1% to 4% CDR2%
 Loss severity35%n/a
 Loss severity35%n/a
 Price$0 to td02
$82 Price$0 to td02$82
Equity derivatives$(2,059)
Industry standard derivative pricing (2)
Equity correlation15% to 100%
63%$(2,059)
Industry standard derivative pricing (2)
Equity correlation15% to 100%63%
 Long-dated equity volatilities4% to 84%
22% Long-dated equity volatilities4% to 84%22%
Commodity derivatives$(3)
Discounted cash flow, Industry standard derivative pricing (2)
Natural gas forward pricetd/MMBtu to $5/MMBtu
$3/MMBtu
$(3)
Discounted cash flow, Industry standard derivative pricing (2)
Natural gas forward pricetd/MMBtu to $5/MMBtu$3/MMBtu
 Correlation71% to 87%
81% Correlation71% to 87%81%
 Volatilities26% to 132%
57% Volatilities26% to 132%57%
Interest rate derivatives$630
Industry standard derivative pricing (3)
Correlation (IR/IR)15% to 92%
50%$630
Industry standard derivative pricing (3)
Correlation (IR/IR)15% to 92%50%
 Correlation (FX/IR)0% to 46%
1% Correlation (FX/IR)0% to 46%1%
 Long-dated inflation rates-14% to 38%
4% Long-dated inflation rates-14% to 38%4%
 Long-dated inflation volatilities0% to 1%
1% Long-dated inflation volatilities0% to 1%1%
Total net derivative assets$(1,714)    $(1,714)    
(1) 
The categories are aggregated based upon product type which differs from financial statement classification. The following is a reconciliation to the line items in the table on page 94:100: Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other of $1.9 billion, Trading account assets – Non-U.S. sovereign debt of $556 million, Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS of $1.5 billion, AFS debt securities – Other taxable securities of $509 million, AFS debt securities – Tax-exempt securities of $469 million, Loans and leases of $571 million and LHFS of $690 million.
(2) 
Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation and Black-Scholes.
(3) 
Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation, Black-Scholes and other methods that model the joint dynamics of interest, inflation and foreign exchange rates.
(4) 
The weighted-average life is a product of changes in market rates of interest, prepayment rates and other model and cash flow assumptions.
CPR = Constant Prepayment Rate
CDR = Constant Default Rate
MMBtu = Million British thermal units
IR = Interest Rate
FX = Foreign Exchange
n/a = not applicable


Bank of America98


Sensitivity of Fair Value Measurements to Changes in Unobservable Inputs
For more information on the types of instruments, valuation approaches and the impact of changes in unobservable inputs used in Level 3 measurements, see Note 20 – Fair Value Measurements to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Bank of America106


Mortgage Servicing Rights
The weighted-average lives and fair value of MSRs are sensitive to changes in modeled assumptions. The weighted-average life is a product of changes in market rates of interest, prepayment rates and other model and cash flow assumptions. The weighted-average life represents the average period of time that the MSRs’ cash flows are expected to be received. Absent other changes, an increase (decrease) to the weighted-average life would generally result in an increase (decrease) in the fair value of the MSRs. For example, a 10 percent or 20 percent decrease in prepayment rates, which impacts the weighted-average life, could result in an increase in fair value of $72$60 million or $149$125 million, while a 10 percent or
20 percent increase in prepayment rates could result in a decrease in fair value of $67$56 million or $129$109 million. A 100 bp or 200 bp decrease in option-adjusted spread (OAS) levels could result in an increase in fair value of $70$67 million or $146$139 million, while a 100
bp or 200 bp increase in OAS levels could result in a decrease in fair value of $66$63 million or $127$121 million. These sensitivities are hypothetical and actual amounts may vary materially. For more information on variations in assumptions and sensitivities on MSRs, see Note 20 – Fair Value Measurements to the Consolidated Financial Statementsof the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Nonrecurring Fair Value
The Corporation holds certain assets that are measured at fair value, but only in certain situations (e.g., impairment) and these measurements are referred to herein as nonrecurring. The amounts below represent assets still held as of the reporting date for which a nonrecurring fair value adjustment was recorded during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017.
            
Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
  
March 31, 2018 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018September 30, 2018 Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
(Dollars in millions)
Level 2 Level 3 Gains (Losses)Level 2 Level 3 Gains (Losses)
Assets 
  
   
  
    
Loans held-for-sale$13
 $
 $(2)$45
 $12
 $(2) $(2)
Loans and leases (1)

 273
 (98)
 492
 (63) (194)
Foreclosed properties (2, 3)

 61
 (17)
 87
 (8) (22)
Other assets47
 
 (7)294
 3
 (22) (58)
            
March 31, 2017 Three Months Ended March 31, 2017September 30, 2017 Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Assets 
  
   
  
    
Loans held-for-sale$69
 $18
 $(4)$70
 $16
 $
 $(4)
Loans and leases (1)

 438
 (123)
 813
 (152) (307)
Foreclosed properties (2, 3)

 82
 (25)
 79
 (21) (35)
Other assets91
 
 (86)353
 
 (1) (121)
(1) 
Includes $4524 million and $4676 million of losses on loans that were written down to a collateral value of zero during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, compared to losses of $71 million and$132 million for the same periods in 2017.
(2) 
Amounts are included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and represent the carrying value of foreclosed properties that were written down subsequent to their initial classification as foreclosed properties. Losses on foreclosed properties include losses recorded during the first 90 days after transfer of a loan to foreclosed properties.
(3) 
Excludes $680500 million and $1.1 billion879 million of properties acquired upon foreclosure of certain government-guaranteed loans (principally FHA-insured loans) at March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017.
The table below presents information about significant unobservable inputs related to the Corporation’s nonrecurring Level 3 financial assets and liabilities at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Loans and leases backed by residential real estate assets represent residential mortgages where the loan has been written down to the fair value of the underlying collateral.
      
Quantitative Information about Nonrecurring Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
      
  Inputs  Inputs
Financial InstrumentFair Value 
Valuation
Technique
 
Significant Unobservable
Inputs
 
Ranges of
Inputs
 Weighted AverageFair Value 
Valuation
Technique
 
Significant Unobservable
Inputs
 
Ranges of
Inputs
 Weighted Average
(Dollars in millions)

March 31, 2018September 30, 2018
Loans and leases backed by residential real estate assets$273
 Market comparables OREO discount 13% to 59% 23%$492
 Market comparables OREO discount 13% to 59% 24%
  Costs to sell 8% to 26% 9%  Costs to sell 8% to 26% 9%
      
December 31, 2017December 31, 2017
Loans and leases backed by residential real estate assets$894
 Market comparables OREO discount 15% to 58% 23%$894
 Market comparables OREO discount 15% to 58% 23%
  Costs to sell 5% to 49% 7%  Costs to sell 5% to 49% 7%
99Bank of America






NOTE 15 Fair Value Option
The Corporation elects to account for certain financial instruments under the fair value option. For more information on the primary financial instruments for which the fair value option elections have been made, see Note 21 – Fair Value Option to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
The following tables provide information about the fair value carrying amount and the contractual principal outstanding of assets and liabilities accounted for under the fair value option at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and information about where changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities accounted for under the fair value option are included in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017.

107Bank of America






                      
Fair Value Option Elections           Fair Value Option Elections
                      
March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
(Dollars in millions)Fair Value Carrying Amount Contractual Principal Outstanding Fair Value Carrying Amount Less Unpaid Principal Fair Value Carrying Amount Contractual Principal Outstanding Fair Value Carrying Amount Less Unpaid PrincipalFair Value Carrying Amount Contractual Principal Outstanding Fair Value Carrying Amount Less Unpaid Principal Fair Value Carrying Amount Contractual Principal Outstanding Fair Value Carrying Amount Less Unpaid Principal
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell$68,556
 $68,539
 $17
 $52,906
 $52,907
 $(1)$52,524
 $52,498
 $26
 $52,906
 $52,907
 $(1)
Loans reported as trading account assets (1)
5,939
 13,419
 (7,480) 5,735
 11,804
 (6,069)5,538
 12,414
 (6,876) 5,735
 11,804
 (6,069)
Trading inventory – other12,622
 n/a
 n/a
 12,027
 n/a
 n/a
15,676
 n/a
 n/a
 12,027
 n/a
 n/a
Consumer and commercial loans5,989
 6,026
 (37) 5,710
 5,744
 (34)5,731
 5,776
 (45) 5,710
 5,744
 (34)
Loans held-for-sale(1)3,091
 4,639
 (1,548) 2,156
 3,717
 (1,561)3,116
 4,375
 (1,259) 2,156
 3,717
 (1,561)
Other assets3
 n/a
 n/a
 3
 n/a
 n/a
3
 n/a
 n/a
 3
 n/a
 n/a
Long-term deposits435
 414
 21
 449
 421
 28
529
 496
 33
 449
 421
 28
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase35,116
 35,127
 (11) 36,182
 36,187
 (5)34,242
 34,252
 (10) 36,182
 36,187
 (5)
Short-term borrowings2,284
 2,284
 
 1,494
 1,494
 
1,789
 1,789
 
 1,494
 1,494
 
Unfunded loan commitments120
 n/a
 n/a
 120
 n/a
 n/a
70
 n/a
 n/a
 120
 n/a
 n/a
Long-term debt (2)
30,062
 30,381
 (319) 31,786
 31,512
 274
28,677
 29,265
 (588) 31,786
 31,512
 274
(1) 
A significant portion of the loans reported as trading account assets and loans held-for-sale are distressed loans that trade and were purchased at a deep discount to par, and the remainder are loans with a fair value near contractual principal outstanding.
(2) 
Includes structured liabilities with a fair value of $29.728.3 billion and $31.4 billion, and contractual principal outstanding of $30.028.9 billion and $31.1 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
n/a = not applicable
                
Gains (Losses) Relating to Assets and Liabilities Accounted for Under the Fair Value Option
           
     Trading Account Profits Other
Income
 Total Trading Account Profits Other
Income
 Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018Three Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)
Trading
Account
Profits
 
Other
Income
 Total2018 2017
Loans reported as trading account assets$103
 $
 $103
$74
 $
 $74
 $75
 $
 $75
Trading inventory – other (1)
595
 
 595
1,693
 
 1,693
 1,217
 
 1,217
Consumer and commercial loans106
 (21) 85
176
 8
 184
 10
 (4) 6
Loans held-for-sale (2)
1
 
 1

 8
 8
 
 92
 92
Long-term debt (3, 4)
819
 (41) 778
143
 (19) 124
 (416) (38) (454)
Other (5)
7
 8
 15
2
 52
 54
 (7) 22
 15
Total$1,631
 $(54) $1,577
$2,088

$49

$2,137

$879

$72

$951
                
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017Nine Months Ended September 30
2018 2017
Loans reported as trading account assets$150
 $
 $150
$145
 $
 $145
 $272
 $
 $272
Trading inventory – other (1)
1,151
 
 1,151
3,649
 
 3,649
 2,890
 
 2,890
Consumer and commercial loans5
 19
 24
301
 (24) 277
 19
 35
 54
Loans held-for-sale (2)
1
 84
 85
1
 12
 13
 
 275
 275
Long-term debt (3, 4)
(162) (37) (199)1,497
 (75) 1,422
 (471) (109) (580)
Other (5)
(58) 43
 (15)15
 75
 90
 (60) 64
 4
Total$1,087
 $109
 $1,196
$5,608

$(12)
$5,596

$2,650

$265

$2,915
(1) 
The gains in trading account profits are primarily offset by losses on trading liabilities that hedge these assets.
(2) 
Includes the value of IRLCs on funded loans, including those sold during the period.
(3) 
The majority of the net gains (losses) in trading account profits relate to the embedded derivatives in structured liabilities and are offset by gains (losses) on derivatives and securities that hedge these liabilities.
(4) 
For the cumulative impact of changes in the Corporation’s own credit spreads and the amount recognized in accumulated OCI, see Note 12 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss). For additional information on how the Corporation’s own credit spread is determined, see Note 20 – Fair Value Measurements to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(5) 
Includes gains (losses) on federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell, long-term deposits, federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase, short-term borrowings and unfunded loan commitments.

Bank of America100


          
Gains (Losses) Related to Borrower-specific Credit Risk for Assets Accounted for Under the Fair Value Option
          
Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017
Loans reported as trading account assets$13
 $13
$36
 $5
 $47
 $25
Consumer and commercial loans(17) 19
8
 (10) (19) 31
Loans held-for-sale(3) 
5
 (2) 6
 (3)
NOTE 16 Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following disclosures include financial instruments that are not carried at fair value or only a portion of the ending balance at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 is carried at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Certain loans, deposits,

Bank of America108


long-term debt and loan commitments are accounted for under the fair value option. For additional information, see Note 21 – Fair Value Option to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying values and fair values by fair value hierarchy of certain financial instruments where only a portion of the ending balance was carried at fair value at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are presented in the following table.
              
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
      
  Fair Value  Fair Value
Carrying Value Level 2 Level 3 TotalCarrying Value Level 2 Level 3 Total
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018September 30, 2018
Financial assets              
Loans$902,219
 $67,137
 $841,274
 $908,411
$895,452
 $59,840
 $839,262
 $899,102
Loans held-for-sale9,227
 8,377
 1,530
 9,907
5,576
 4,287
 1,331
 5,618
Financial liabilities        
      
Deposits (1)
1,328,664
 1,327,961
 
 1,327,961
1,345,649
 1,345,360
 
 1,345,360
Long-term debt232,256
 237,851
 1,351
 239,202
234,100
 238,908
 923
 239,831
Commercial unfunded lending commitments (2)
902
 120
 4,253
 4,373
862
 70
 4,345
 4,415
              
December 31, 2017December 31, 2017
Financial assets              
Loans$904,399
 $68,586
 $849,576
 $918,162
$904,399
 $68,586
 $849,576
 $918,162
Loans held-for-sale11,430
 10,521
 909
 11,430
11,430
 10,521
 909
 11,430
Financial liabilities 
      
 
     

Deposits (1)
1,309,545
 1,309,398
 
 1,309,398
1,309,545
 1,309,398
 
 1,309,398
Long-term debt227,402
 235,126
 1,863
 236,989
227,402
 235,126
 1,863
 236,989
Commercial unfunded lending commitments (2)
897
 120
 3,908
 4,028
897
 120
 3,908
 4,028
(1)
Includes demand deposits of $534.4 billion and $519.6 billion with no stated maturities at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(2)
(1) Includes demand deposits of $528.9 billion and $519.6 billion with no stated maturities at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(2) The carrying value is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. For more information on commitments, see Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies.
NOTE 17 Business Segment Information
The Corporation reports its results of operations through the following four business segments: Consumer Banking, GWIM, Global Banking and Global Markets, with the remaining operations recorded in All Other. For additional information, see Note 23 – Business Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following tables present net income (loss) and the
 
components thereto (with net interest income on an FTE basis) for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017 and total assets at March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017 for each business segment, as well as All Other, including a reconciliation of the four business segments’ total revenue, net of interest expense, on an FTE basis, and net income to the Consolidated Statement of Income, and total assets to the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
            
Results of Business Segments and All Other           
            
At and for the three months ended September 30
Total Corporation (1)
 Consumer Banking Global Wealth &
Investment Management
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
Net interest income (FTE basis)$12,021
 $11,401
 $6,863
 $6,212
 $1,536
 $1,496
Noninterest income10,907
 10,678
 2,540
 2,562
 3,247
 3,124
Total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)22,928
 22,079
 9,403
 8,774
 4,783
 4,620
Provision for credit losses716
 834
 870
 967
 13
 16
Noninterest expense13,067
 13,394
 4,355
 4,461
 3,414
 3,369
Income before income taxes (FTE basis)9,145
 7,851
 4,178
 3,346
 1,356
 1,235
Income tax expense (FTE basis)1,978
 2,427
 1,065
 1,260
 346
 465
Net income$7,167
 $5,424
 $3,113
 $2,086
 $1,010
 $770
Period-end total assets$2,338,833
 $2,284,174
 $765,497
 $742,513
 $276,146
 $276,187
            
 Global Banking Global Markets All Other
 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
Net interest income (FTE basis)$2,706
 $2,642
 $754
 $899
 $162
 $152
Noninterest income (loss)2,032
 2,345
 3,089
 3,002
 (1) (355)
Total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)4,738
 4,987
 3,843
 3,901
 161
 (203)
Provision for credit losses(70) 48
 (2) (6) (95) (191)
Noninterest expense2,120
 2,119
 2,612
 2,711
 566
 734
Income (loss) before income taxes (FTE basis)2,688
 2,820
 1,233
 1,196
 (310) (746)
Income tax expense (benefit) (FTE basis)699
 1,062
 321
 440
 (453) (800)
Net income$1,989
 $1,758
 $912
 $756
 $143
 $54
Period-end total assets$430,846
 $423,185
 $646,359
 $629,222
 $219,985
 $213,067
(1)
There were no material intersegment revenues.

101109     Bank of America

  





         
Results of Business Segments and All Other        
         
At and for the three months ended March 31
Total Corporation (1)
 Consumer Banking Global Wealth &
Investment Management
(Dollars in millions)20182017 20182017 20182017
Net interest income (FTE basis)$11,758
$11,255
 $6,510
$5,781
 $1,594
$1,560
Noninterest income11,517
11,190
 2,522
2,503
 3,262
3,032
Total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)23,275
22,445
 9,032
8,284
 4,856
4,592
Provision for credit losses834
835
 935
838
 38
23
Noninterest expense13,897
14,093
 4,480
4,410
 3,428
3,329
Income before income taxes (FTE basis)8,544
7,517
 3,617
3,036
 1,390
1,240
Income tax expense (FTE basis)1,626
2,180
 922
1,144
 355
467
Net income$6,918
$5,337
 $2,695
$1,892
 $1,035
$773
Period-end total assets$2,328,478
$2,247,794
 $774,256
$734,087
 $279,331
$291,177
         
 Global Banking Global Markets All Other
 20182017 20182017 20182017
Net interest income (FTE basis)$2,640
$2,602
 $870
$1,049
 $144
$263
Noninterest income (loss)2,294
2,353
 3,916
3,659
 (477)(357)
Total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)4,934
4,955
 4,786
4,708
 (333)(94)
Provision for credit losses16
17
 (3)(17) (152)(26)
Noninterest expense2,195
2,163
 2,818
2,757
 976
1,434
Income (loss) before income taxes (FTE basis)2,723
2,775
 1,971
1,968
 (1,157)(1,502)
Income tax expense (benefit) (FTE basis)707
1,046
 513
671
 (871)(1,148)
Net income (loss)$2,016
$1,729
 $1,458
$1,297
 $(286)$(354)
Period-end total assets$424,134
$416,763
 $648,605
$604,014
 $202,152
$201,753
     
Business Segment Reconciliations    
     
  Three Months Ended March 31
  2018 2017
Segments’ total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis) $23,608
 $22,539
Adjustments (2):
  
  
ALM activities 116
 (45)
Liquidating businesses and other (449) (49)
FTE basis adjustment (150) (197)
Consolidated revenue, net of interest expense $23,125
 $22,248
Segments’ total net income 7,204
 5,691
Adjustments, net-of-taxes (2):
  
  
ALM activities (54) (179)
Liquidating businesses and other (232) (175)
Consolidated net income $6,918
 $5,337
     
  March 31
  2018 2017
Segments’ total assets $2,126,326
 $2,046,041
Adjustments (2):
  
  
ALM activities, including securities portfolio 659,849
 633,028
Liquidating businesses and other (3)
 85,631
 112,153
Elimination of segment asset allocations to match liabilities (543,328) (543,428)
Consolidated total assets $2,328,478
 $2,247,794
            
Results of Business Segments and All Other           
            
At and for the nine months ended September 30
Total Corporation (1)
 Consumer Banking Global Wealth &
Investment Management
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
Net interest income (FTE basis)$35,583
 $33,879
 $19,993
 $17,953
 $4,673
 $4,653
Noninterest income33,383
 33,711
 7,653
 7,614
 9,675
 9,254
Total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)68,966
 67,590
 27,646
 25,567
 14,348
 13,907
Provision for credit losses2,377
 2,395
 2,749
 2,639
 63
 50
Noninterest expense40,248
 41,469
 13,231
 13,286
 10,235
 10,085
Income before income taxes (FTE basis)26,341
 23,726
 11,666
 9,642
 4,050
 3,772
Income tax expense (FTE basis)5,472
 7,859
 2,975
 3,636
 1,033
 1,422
Net income$20,869
 $15,867
 $8,691
 $6,006
 $3,017
 $2,350
Period-end total assets$2,338,833
 $2,284,174
 $765,497
 $742,513
 $276,146
 $276,187
            
 Global Banking Global Markets All Other
 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
Net interest income (FTE basis)$8,057
 $7,786
 $2,425
 $2,812
 $435
 $675
Noninterest income (loss)6,537
 7,194
 10,425
 9,743
 (907) (94)
Total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)14,594
 14,980
 12,850
 12,555
 (472) 581
Provision for credit losses(77) 80
 (6) 2
 (352) (376)
Noninterest expense6,471
 6,435
 8,145
 8,117
 2,166
 3,546
Income (loss) before income taxes (FTE basis)8,200
 8,465
 4,711
 4,436
 (2,286) (2,589)
Income tax expense (benefit) (FTE basis)2,132
 3,192
 1,225
 1,553
 (1,893) (1,944)
Net income (loss)$6,068
 $5,273
 $3,486
 $2,883
 $(393) $(645)
Period-end total assets$430,846
 $423,185
 $646,359
 $629,222
 $219,985
 $213,067
(1) 
There were no material intersegment revenues.
        
Business Segment Reconciliations       
        
 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017
Segments’ total revenue, net of interest expense (FTE basis)$22,767
 $22,282
 $69,438
 $67,009
Adjustments (1):
 
  
    
ALM activities273
 273
 118
 332
Liquidating businesses, eliminations and other(112) (476) (590) 249
FTE basis adjustment(151) (240) (455) (674)
Consolidated revenue, net of interest expense$22,777
 $21,839
 $68,511
 $66,916
Segments’ total net income7,024
 5,370
 21,262
 16,512
Adjustments, net-of-taxes (1):
 
  
    
ALM activities88
 57
 (294) (208)
Liquidating businesses, eliminations and other55
 (3) (99) (437)
Consolidated net income$7,167
 $5,424
 $20,869
 $15,867
        
     September 30
     2018 2017
Segments’ total assets    $2,118,848
 $2,071,107
Adjustments (1):
     
  
ALM activities, including securities portfolio    675,886
 635,353
Elimination of segment asset allocations to match liabilities    (531,297) (515,007)
Other    75,396
 92,721
Consolidated total assets    $2,338,833
 $2,284,174
(2)(1) 
Adjustments include consolidated income, expense and asset amounts not specifically allocated to individual business segments.
(3)
At March 31, 2017, includes assets of the non-U.S. consumer credit card business which were included in assets of business held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.


  
Bank of America     102110


The tabletables below presentspresent noninterest income and the components thereto for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017 for each business segment, as well as All Other. For additional information, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles and Note 2 – Noninterest Income.
                      
Noninterest Income by Business Segment and All OtherNoninterest Income by Business Segment and All Other      Noninterest Income by Business Segment and All Other      
                      
Total Corporation Consumer Banking Global Wealth &
Investment Management
Total Corporation Consumer Banking Global Wealth &
Investment Management
Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
Card income                      
Interchange fees$971
 $958
 $804
 $784
 $11
 $26
$978
 $941
 $802
 $768
 $22
 $29
Other card income486
 491
 475
 440
 10
 10
492
 488
 479
 475
 11
 11
Total card income1,457
 1,449
 1,279
 1,224
 21
 36
1,470
 1,429
 1,281
 1,243
 33
 40
Service charges                      
Deposit-related fees1,646
 1,653
 1,044
 1,050
 19
 20
1,682
 1,691
 1,098
 1,082
 19
 19
Lending-related fees275
 265
 
 
 
 
279
 277
 
 
 
 
Total service charges1,921
 1,918
 1,044
 1,050
 19
 20
1,961
 1,968
 1,098
 1,082
 19
 19
Investment and brokerage services                      
Asset management fees2,564
 2,200
 36
 33
 2,528
 2,167
2,576
 2,367
 38
 34
 2,538
 2,333
Brokerage fees1,100
 1,217
 46
 49
 512
 624
918
 1,070
 42
 40
 466
 521
Total investment and brokerage services3,664
 3,417
 82
 82
 3,040
 2,791
3,494
 3,437
 80
 74
 3,004
 2,854
Investment banking income                      
Underwriting income740
 779
 
 
 84
 51
701
 698
 
 
 87
 100
Syndication fees316
 400
 
 
 
 
241
 405
 
 
 
 
Financial advisory services297
 405
 
 
 
 
262
 374
 
 
 1
 
Total investment banking income1,353
 1,584
 
 
 84
 51
1,204
 1,477
 
 
 88
 100
Trading account profits2,699
 2,331
 2
 
 29
 59
1,893
 1,837
 2
 1
 24
 29
Other income423
 491
 115
 147
 69
 75
885
 530
 79
 162
 79
 82
Total noninterest income$11,517
 $11,190
 $2,522
 $2,503
 $3,262
 $3,032
$10,907
 $10,678
 $2,540
 $2,562
 $3,247
 $3,124
                      
Global Banking Global Markets All OtherGlobal Banking Global Markets 
All Other (1)
Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30
2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
Card income                      
Interchange fees$134
 $121
 $22
 $22
 $
 $5
$130
 $122
 $24
 $22
 $
 $
Other card income1
 4
 
 
 
 37
2
 2
 (1) 
 1
 
Total card income135
 125
 22
 22
 
 42
132
 124
 23
 22
 1
 
Service charges                      
Deposit-related fees538
 544
 40
 33
 5
 6
520
 546
 41
 38
 4
 6
Lending-related fees225
 221
 50
 44
 
 
234
 230
 45
 47
 
 
Total service charges763
 765
 90
 77
 5
 6
754
 776
 86
 85
 4
 6
Investment and brokerage services                      
Asset management fees
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
Brokerage fees (1)
25
 17
 488
 531
 29
 (4)
Brokerage fees28
 18
 388
 496
 (6) (5)
Total investment and brokerage services25
 17
 488
 531
 29
 (4)28
 18
 388
 496
 (6) (5)
Investment banking income                      
Underwriting income (1)
161
 150
 579
 636
 (84) (58)
Underwriting income189
 105
 474
 545
 (49) (52)
Syndication fees298
 379
 18
 21
 
 
217
 380
 25
 26
 (1) (1)
Financial advisory services285
 396
 12
 9
 
 
237
 321
 24
 53
 
 
Total investment banking income744
 925
 609
 666
 (84) (58)643
 806
 523
 624
 (50) (53)
Trading account profits61
 32
 2,703
 2,177
 (96) 63
59
 (5) 1,727
 1,714
 81
 98
Other income566
 489
 4
 186
 (331) (406)416
 626
 342
 61
 (31) (401)
Total noninterest income$2,294
 $2,353
 $3,916
 $3,659
 $(477) $(357)$2,032
 $2,345
 $3,089
 $3,002
 $(1) $(355)
(1) 
All Other Includesincludes eliminations of intercompany transactions.


103111     Bank of America

  





            
Noninterest Income by Business Segment and All Other      
            
 Total Corporation Consumer Banking Global Wealth &
Investment Management
 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
Card income           
Interchange fees$3,018
 $2,883
 $2,488
 $2,352
 $59
 $79
Other card income1,451
 1,464
 1,414
 1,364
 33
 31
Total card income4,469
 4,347
 3,902
 3,716
 92
 110
Service charges           
Deposit-related fees5,009
 5,040
 3,214
 3,194
 55
 57
Lending-related fees827
 823
 
 
 
 
Total service charges5,836
 5,863
 3,214
 3,194
 55
 57
Investment and brokerage services           
Asset management fees7,652
 6,855
 111
 98
 7,541
 6,757
Brokerage fees2,964
 3,459
 131
 135
 1,440
 1,717
Total investment and brokerage services10,616
 10,314
 242
 233
 8,981
 8,474
Investment banking income           
Underwriting income2,160
 2,185
 
 
 243
 246
Syndication fees958
 1,146
 
 
 
 
Financial advisory services861
 1,262
 
 
 1
 1
Total investment banking income3,979
 4,593
 
 
 244
 247
Trading account profits6,907
 6,124
 6
 2
 81
 120
Other income1,576
 2,470
 289
 469
 222
 246
Total noninterest income$33,383
 $33,711
 $7,653
 $7,614
 $9,675
 $9,254
            
 Global Banking Global Markets 
All Other (1)
 Nine Months Ended September 30
 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
Card income           
Interchange fees$400
 $375
 $71
 $68
 $
 $9
Other card income5
 8
 (1) (1) 
 62
Total card income405
 383
 70
 67
 
 71
Service charges           
Deposit-related fees1,598
 1,662
 126
 111
 16
 16
Lending-related fees687
 689
 140
 134
 
 
Total service charges2,285
 2,351
 266
 245
 16
 16
Investment and brokerage services           
Asset management fees
 
 
 
 
 
Brokerage fees71
 72
 1,306
 1,548
 16
 (13)
Total investment and brokerage services71
 72
 1,306
 1,548
 16
 (13)
Investment banking income           
Underwriting income458
 404
 1,637
 1,729
 (178) (194)
Syndication fees890
 1,080
 68
 66
 
 
Financial advisory services782
 1,177
 78
 84
 
 
Total investment banking income2,130
 2,661
 1,783
 1,879
 (178) (194)
Trading account profits184
 82
 6,614
 5,634
 22
 286
Other income1,462
 1,645
 386
 370
 (783) (260)
Total noninterest income$6,537
 $7,194
 $10,425
 $9,743
 $(907) $(94)
(1)
All Other includes eliminations of intercompany transactions.


Bank of America112


Glossary
Alt-A Mortgage A type of U.S. mortgage that is considered riskier than A-paper, or “prime,” and less risky than “subprime,” the riskiest category. Typically, Alt-A mortgages are characterized by borrowers with less than full documentation, lower credit scores and higher LTVs.
Assets Under Management (AUM) – The total market value of assets under the investment advisory and/or discretion of GWIM which generate asset management fees based on a percentage of the assets’ market values. AUM reflects assets that are generally managed for institutional, high net worth and retail clients, and are distributed through various investment products including mutual funds, other commingled vehicles and separate accounts.
Banking Book – All on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments of the Corporation except for those positions that are held for trading purposes.
Brokerage and Other Assets – Non-discretionary client assets which are held in brokerage accounts or held for safekeeping.
Committed Credit Exposure – Any funded portion of a facility plus the unfunded portion of a facility on which the lender is legally bound to advance funds during a specified period under prescribed conditions.
Credit Derivatives – Contractual agreements that provide protection against a specified credit event on one or more referenced obligations.
Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA) – A portfolio adjustment required to properly reflect the counterparty credit risk exposure as part of the fair value of derivative instruments.
Debit Valuation Adjustment (DVA) – A portfolio adjustment required to properly reflect the Corporation’s own credit risk exposure as part of the fair value of derivative instruments and/or structured liabilities.
Funding Valuation Adjustment (FVA) – A portfolio adjustment required to include funding costs on uncollateralized derivatives and derivatives where the Corporation is not permitted to use the collateral it receives.
Interest Rate Lock Commitment (IRLC) – Commitment with a loan applicant in which the loan terms are guaranteed for a designated period of time subject to credit approval.
Letter of Credit – A document issued on behalf of a customer to a third party promising to pay the third party upon presentation of specified documents. A letter of credit effectively substitutes the issuer’s credit for that of the customer.
Loan-to-value (LTV) – A commonly used credit quality metric. LTV is calculated as the outstanding carrying value of the loan divided by the estimated value of the property securing the loan.
 
Margin Receivable An extension of credit secured by eligible securities in certain brokerage accounts.
Matched Book – Repurchase and resale agreements or securities borrowed and loaned transactions where the overall asset and liability position is similar in size and/or maturity. Generally, these are entered into to accommodate customers where the Corporation earns the interest rate spread.
Mortgage Servicing Rights (MSR) – The right to service a mortgage loan when the underlying loan is sold or securitized. Servicing includes collections for principal, interest and escrow payments from borrowers and accounting for and remitting principal and interest payments to investors.
Net Interest Yield – Net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.
Nonperforming Loans and Leases – Includes loans and leases that have been placed on nonaccrual status, including nonaccruing loans whose contractual terms have been restructured in a manner that grants a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties.
Operating Margin – Income before income taxes divided by total revenue, net of interest expense.
Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) – A framework established by the U.S. banking regulators requiring banks to maintain certain levels of regulatory capital ratios, comprised of five categories of capitalization: “well capitalized,” “adequately capitalized,” “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized” and “critically undercapitalized.” Insured depository institutions that fail to meet certain of these capital levels are subject to increasingly strict limits on their activities, including their ability to make capital distributions, pay management compensation, grow assets and take other actions.
Subprime Loans – Although a standard industry definition for subprime loans (including subprime mortgage loans) does not exist, the Corporation defines subprime loans as specific product offerings for higher risk borrowers.
Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs) – Loans whose contractual terms have been restructured in a manner that grants a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties. Certain consumer loans for which a binding offer to restructure has been extended are also classified as TDRs.
Value-at-Risk (VaR) – VaR is a model that simulates the value of a portfolio under a range of hypothetical scenarios in order to generate a distribution of potential gains and losses. VaR represents the loss the portfolio is expected to experience with a given confidence level based on historical data. A VaR model is an effective tool in estimating ranges of potential gains and losses on our trading portfolios.



113Bank of America104






Acronyms
ABSAsset-backed securities
AFSAvailable-for-sale
ALMAsset and liability management
AUMAssets under management
BANABank of America, National Association
BHCBank holding company
bpsbasis points
CCARComprehensive Capital Analysis and Review
CDOCollateralized debt obligation
CDSCET1Credit default swap
CLOCollateralized loan obligationCommon equity tier 1
CLTVCombined loan-to-value
CVACredit valuation adjustment
DVADebit valuation adjustment
EPSEarnings per common share
FASBFinancial Accounting Standards Board
FDICFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FHAFederal Housing Administration
FHLBFederal Home Loan Bank
FHLMCFreddie Mac
FICCFixed-income, currencies and commodities
FICOFair Isaac Corporation (credit score)
FNMAFannie Mae
FTEFully taxable-equivalent
FVAFunding valuation adjustment
GAAPAccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
GLSGlobal Liquidity Sources
GNMAGovernment National Mortgage Association
GSEGovernment-sponsored enterprise
G-SIBGlobal systemically important bank
GWIMGlobal Wealth & Investment Management
HELOCHome equity line of credit
HQLAHigh Quality Liquid Assets
HTMHeld-to-maturity
 
IRLCInterest rate lock commitment
ISDAInternational Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc.
LCRLiquidity Coverage Ratio
LHFSLoans held-for-sale
LIBORLondon InterBank Offered Rate
LTVLoan-to-value
MBSMortgage-backed securities
MD&AManagement’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
MLGWMMerrill Lynch Global Wealth Management
MLIMerrill Lynch International
MLPCCMerrill Lynch Professional Clearing Corp
MLPF&SMerrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
MSAMetropolitan Statistical Area
MSRMortgage servicing right
OASOption-adjusted spread
OCIOther comprehensive income
OREOOther real estate owned
OTCOver-the-counter
OTTIOther-than-temporary impairment
PCAPrompt Corrective Action
PCIPurchased credit-impaired
RMBSResidential mortgage-backed securities
RSURestricted stock unit
SBLCStandby letter of credit
SCCLSingle-counterparty credit limits
SECSecurities and Exchange Commission
SLRSupplementary leverage ratio
TDRTroubled debt restructurings
TLACTotal loss-absorbing capacity
TTFTime-to-required funding
VaRValue-at-Risk
VIEVariable interest entity


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Part II. Other Information
Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
See Litigation and Regulatory Matters in Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated by reference in this Item 1, for litigation and regulatory disclosure that supplements the disclosure in Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.10-K and Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended June 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There are no material changes from the risk factors set forth under Part 1, Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The table below presents share repurchase activity for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018. The primary source of funds for cash distributions by the Corporation to its shareholders is dividends received from its banking subsidiaries. Each of the banking subsidiaries is subject to various regulatory policies and requirements relating to the payment of dividends, including requirements to maintain capital above regulatory minimums. All of the Corporation’s preferred stock outstanding has preference over the Corporation’s common stock with respect to payment of dividends.
        
(Dollars in millions, except per share information; shares in thousands)
Common Shares Repurchased (1)
 Weighted-Average Per Share Price 
Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Programs
 
Remaining Buyback
Authority Amounts (2)
January 1 - 31, 201836,068
 $31.66
 36,002
 $8,919
February 1 - 28, 201887,300
 31.78
 62,155
 6,954
March 1 - 31, 201854,570
 32.18
 54,474
 5,201
Three months ended March 31, 2018177,938
 31.88
  
  
        
(Dollars in millions, except per share information; shares in thousands)
Total Common Shares Repurchased (1)
 Weighted-Average Per Share Price 
Total Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Programs
 
Remaining Buyback
Authority Amounts (2)
July 1 - 31, 201832,160
 $30.32
 32,160
 $19,625
August 1 - 31, 201876,287
 31.07
 72,831
 17,360
September 1 - 30, 201858,578
 30.74
 58,558
 15,560
Three months ended September 30, 2018167,025
 30.81
 163,549
  
(1) 
Includes shares of the Corporation’s common stock acquired by the Corporation in connection with satisfaction of tax withholding obligations on vested restricted stock or restricted stock units and certain forfeitures and terminations of employment-related awards and for potential re-issuance to certain employees under equity incentive plans.
(2) 
PursuantOn June 28, 2018, following the Federal Reserve’s non-objection to the Corporation’s 2017 CCARour 2018 Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) capital plan, the Board authorized the repurchase of $12.0approximately $20.6 billion in common stock from July 1, 20172018 through June 30, 2018, plus2019, including approximately $900$600 million to offset the effect of equity-based compensation plans during the same period. During the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, pursuant to the Board’s authorization, the Corporation repurchased approximately $4.95.0 billion of common stock, which included common stock to offset equity-based compensation awards. For additional information, see Capital Management -- CCAR and Capital Planning on page 1822 and Note 11 – Shareholders’ Equity to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Corporation did not have any unregistered sales of equity securities during the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018.


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Item 6. Exhibits
 Incorporated by Reference Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No.DescriptionNotesFormExhibitFiling DateFile No.DescriptionNotesFormExhibitFiling DateFile No.
3(a)1  10-Q3(a)7/30/181-6523
  
3(b) 8-K3.13/20/151-6523 8-K3.13/20/151-6523
  
101, 2 
 
111 1 
  
121 1 
  
31(a)1 
 
31(a)(b)1 1 
  
31(b)1 
32(a)1 
  
32(a)(b)1 1 
 
32(b)1 
  
101.INSXBRL Instance Document1 XBRL Instance Document1 
  
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document1 XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document1 
  
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document1 XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document1 
  
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document1 XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document1 
  
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document1 XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document1 
  
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document1 XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document1 
(1) Filed herewith.
(2) Exhibit is a management contract or a compensatory plan or arrangement.

Signature

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
  
Bank of America Corporation
Registrant
 
     
Date:April 30,October 29, 2018 /s/ Rudolf A. Bless 
   
Rudolf A. Bless 
Chief Accounting Officer
 


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