UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.  20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
xQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017March 31, 2018
or
¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Number: 001-3034
Xcel Energy Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Minnesota 41-0448030
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
   
414 Nicollet Mall  
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55401
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(612) 330-5500
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    x Yes  ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 and Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    x Yes  ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer x
 
Accelerated filer ¨
Non-accelerated filer ¨
 
Smaller reporting company ¨
(Do not check if smaller reporting company) 
Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ¨ Yes x No
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Class Outstanding at July 24, 2017April 23, 2018
Common Stock, $2.50 par value 507,762,881508,856,950 shares
 



TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART IFINANCIAL INFORMATION 
Item 1 —
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2 —
Item 3 —
Item 4 —
   
PART IIOTHER INFORMATION 
Item 1 —
Item 1A —
Item 2 —
Item 6 —
   

   
 Certifications Pursuant to Section 3021
 Certifications Pursuant to Section 9061
 Statement Pursuant to Private Litigation1

This Form 10-Q is filed by Xcel Energy Inc.  Xcel Energy Inc. wholly owns the following subsidiaries: Northern States Power Company, a Minnesota corporation (NSP-Minnesota); Northern States Power Company, a Wisconsin corporation (NSP-Wisconsin); Public Service Company of Colorado (PSCo); and Southwestern Public Service Company (SPS).  Xcel Energy Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries are also referred to herein as Xcel Energy.  NSP-Minnesota, NSP-Wisconsin, PSCo and SPS are also referred to collectively as utility subsidiaries.  The electric production and transmission system of NSP-Minnesota and NSP-Wisconsin, which is operated on an integrated basis and is managed by NSP-Minnesota, is referred to collectively as the NSP System. Additional information on the wholly owned subsidiaries is available on various filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

2

Table of Contents


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 — FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

XCEL ENERGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)

XCEL ENERGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)
(amounts in millions, except per share data)

XCEL ENERGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)
(amounts in millions, except per share data)

Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30Three Months Ended March 31
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017
Operating revenues          
Electric$2,338,017
 $2,224,142
 $4,637,077
 $4,409,261
$2,270
 $2,299
Natural gas289,839
 258,899
 915,542
 824,588
662
 626
Other17,072
 16,808
 38,731
 38,273
19
 21
Total operating revenues2,644,928
 2,499,849
 5,591,350
 5,272,122
2,951
 2,946
          
Operating expenses          
Electric fuel and purchased power919,099
 855,968
 1,844,320
 1,717,820
932
 925
Cost of natural gas sold and transported114,320
 90,071
 479,454
 402,188
375
 365
Cost of sales — other8,178
 8,332
 16,765
 16,577
8
 9
Operating and maintenance expenses578,133
 596,978
 1,164,563
 1,174,388
557
 580
Conservation and demand side management expenses64,860
 55,916
 132,393
 113,352
71
 68
Depreciation and amortization365,720
 322,534
 730,924
 642,554
383
 365
Taxes (other than income taxes)134,926
 138,469
 277,020
 283,792
145
 142
Total operating expenses2,185,236
 2,068,268
 4,645,439
 4,350,671
2,471
 2,454
          
Operating income459,692
 431,581
 945,911
 921,451
480
 492
          
Other income, net2,608
 1,560
 9,054
 5,810
1
 1
Equity earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries7,541
 9,617
 15,416
 22,799
6
 8
Allowance for funds used during construction — equity16,386
 14,730
 30,699
 27,843
23
 14
          
Interest charges and financing costs          
Interest charges — includes other financing costs of $5,876, $6,630, $11,734 and $12,966, respectively164,195
 162,980
 330,129
 319,423
Interest charges — includes other financing costs of $6 and $6, respectively171
 166
Allowance for funds used during construction — debt(7,613) (6,684) (14,635) (12,674)(11) (7)
Total interest charges and financing costs156,582
 156,296
 315,494
 306,749
160
 159
          
Income before income taxes329,645
 301,192
 685,586
 671,154
350
 356
Income taxes102,389
 104,397
 219,053
 233,047
59
 117
Net income$227,256
 $196,795
 $466,533
 $438,107
$291
 $239
          
Weighted average common shares outstanding:          
Basic508,542
 508,930
 508,411
 508,789
509
 508
Diluted509,135
 509,490
 508,955
 509,311
509
 509
          
Earnings per average common share:          
Basic$0.45
 $0.39
 $0.92
 $0.86
$0.57
 $0.47
Diluted0.45
 0.39
 0.92
 0.86
0.57
 0.47
          
Cash dividends declared per common share$0.36
 $0.34
 $0.72
 $0.68
$0.38
 $0.36
          
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


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Table of Contents


XCEL ENERGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
(amounts in thousands)

XCEL ENERGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
(amounts in millions)

XCEL ENERGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
(amounts in millions)

Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30Three Months Ended March 31
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017
Net income$227,256
 $196,795
 $466,533
 $438,107
$291
 $239
          
Other comprehensive income          
          
Pension and retiree medical benefits:          
Amortization of losses included in net periodic benefit cost, net of tax of $608, $550, $1,223 and $407, respectively956
 865
 1,904
 1,076
Amortization of losses included in net periodic benefit cost, net of tax of $0 and $1, respectively1
 1
          
Derivative instruments:          
Net fair value increase, net of tax of $17, $7, $17 and $5, respectively26
 12
 26
 8
Reclassification of losses to net income, net of tax of $511, $594, $1,045 and $1,198, respectively803
 936
 1,628
 1,874
Reclassification of losses to net income, net of tax of $0 and $1, respectively
 1
829
 948
 1,654
 1,882
   
Marketable securities:

      
Net fair value increase, net of tax of $0, $0, $0 and $0, respectively1
 
 1
 
          
Other comprehensive income1,786
 1,813
 3,559
 2,958
1
 2
Comprehensive income$229,042
 $198,608
 $470,092
 $441,065
$292
 $241
          
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements




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XCEL ENERGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(amounts in thousands)
XCEL ENERGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(amounts in millions)
XCEL ENERGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(amounts in millions)
Six Months Ended June 30Three Months Ended March 31
2017 20162018 2017
Operating activities      
Net income$466,533
 $438,107
$291
 $239
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:      
Depreciation and amortization738,280
 650,336
387
 369
Conservation and demand side management program amortization1,509
 2,323
Nuclear fuel amortization57,003
 58,267
31
 31
Deferred income taxes309,239
 252,889
59
 194
Amortization of investment tax credits(2,557) (2,613)
Allowance for equity funds used during construction(30,699) (27,843)(23) (14)
Equity earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries(15,416) (22,799)(6) (8)
Dividends from unconsolidated subsidiaries23,507
 22,910
9
 12
Share-based compensation expense31,892
 24,454
6
 18
Net realized and unrealized hedging and derivative transactions217
 3,903
Other, net(2,441) (388)(1) 4
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:      
Accounts receivable16,906
 35,042
(71) 3
Accrued unbilled revenues121,333
 65,159
159
 174
Inventories65,433
 81,880
118
 88
Other current assets(84,024) 69,493
1
 (77)
Accounts payable(52,349) 27,805
(42) (144)
Net regulatory assets and liabilities1,498
 34,264
147
 18
Other current liabilities(190,184) (151,589)(17) (43)
Pension and other employee benefit obligations(140,479) (108,562)(146) (149)
Change in other noncurrent assets(6,676) (6,363)2
 
Change in other noncurrent liabilities(16,706) (21,649)(17) 3
Net cash provided by operating activities1,291,819
 1,425,026
887
 718
      
Investing activities      
Utility capital/construction expenditures(1,473,793) (1,413,129)(883) (749)
Proceeds from insurance recoveries
 1,595
Allowance for equity funds used during construction30,699
 27,843
23
 14
Purchases of investment securities(368,266) (319,880)(185) (173)
Proceeds from the sale of investment securities350,448
 262,321
179
 168
Investments in WYCO Development LLC and other(7,683) (2,170)
Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries and other(3) (3)
Other, net(5,483) 100
(3) (5)
Net cash used in investing activities(1,474,078) (1,443,320)(872) (748)
      
Financing activities      
Proceeds from (repayments of) short-term borrowings, net392,000
 (399,000)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt394,046
 1,337,430
Repayments of long-term debt(250,397) (579,976)
Repurchases of common stock(2,943) (789)
Proceeds from short-term borrowings, net211
 213
Dividends paid(355,250) (335,113)(175) (173)
Other(18,291) (12,487)(18) (21)
Net cash provided by financing activities159,165
 10,065
18
 19
      
Net change in cash and cash equivalents(23,094) (8,229)33
 (11)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period84,476
 84,940
83
 85
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$61,382
 $76,711
$116
 $74
      
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:      
Cash paid for interest (net of amounts capitalized)$(301,350) $(293,954)$(181) $(174)
Cash (paid) received for income taxes, net(3,853) 61,345
      
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing transactions:      
Property, plant and equipment additions in accounts payable$233,250
 $252,370
$241
 $186
Issuance of common stock for equity awards18,505
 13,497
20
 12
      
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

5

Table of Contents


XCEL ENERGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

XCEL ENERGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(amounts in millions, except share and per share data)

XCEL ENERGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(amounts in millions, except share and per share data)

June 30, 2017 Dec. 31, 2016March 31, 2018 Dec. 31, 2017
Assets      
Current assets      
Cash and cash equivalents$61,382
 $84,476
$116
 $83
Accounts receivable, net759,378
 776,289
868
 797
Accrued unbilled revenues608,499
 729,832
605
 764
Inventories542,044
 604,226
492
 610
Regulatory assets375,020
 363,655
422
 424
Derivative instruments78,487
 38,224
28
 44
Prepaid taxes196,247
 106,697
63
 68
Prepayments and other135,493
 138,682
188
 183
Total current assets2,756,550
 2,842,081
2,782
 2,973
      
Property, plant and equipment, net33,543,843
 32,841,750
34,679
 34,329
      
Other assets      
Nuclear decommissioning fund and other investments2,231,588
 2,091,858
2,404
 2,397
Regulatory assets3,023,128
 3,080,867
2,965
 3,005
Derivative instruments50,410
 50,189
49
 48
Other255,470
 248,532
280
 278
Total other assets5,560,596
 5,471,446
5,698
 5,728
Total assets$41,860,989
 $41,155,277
$43,159
 $43,030
      
Liabilities and Equity      
Current liabilities      
Current portion of long-term debt$505,345
 $255,529
$457
 $457
Short-term debt784,000
 392,000
1,025
 814
Accounts payable973,642
 1,044,959
1,027
 1,243
Regulatory liabilities261,171
 220,894
270
 239
Taxes accrued339,966
 457,392
544
 448
Accrued interest175,849
 172,901
147
 174
Dividends payable182,795
 172,456
193
 183
Derivative instruments28,019
 26,959
30
 29
Other439,917
 503,953
429
 501
Total current liabilities3,690,704
 3,247,043
4,122
 4,088
��     
Deferred credits and other liabilities      
Deferred income taxes7,130,715
 6,784,319
3,905
 3,845
Deferred investment tax credits60,659
 63,216
57
 58
Regulatory liabilities1,386,675
 1,383,212
5,141
 5,083
Asset retirement obligations2,849,532
 2,782,229
2,504
 2,475
Derivative instruments136,255
 148,146
120
 126
Customer advances190,640
 195,214
200
 193
Pension and employee benefit obligations975,606
 1,112,366
884
 1,042
Other225,215
 223,965
143
 145
Total deferred credits and other liabilities12,955,297
 12,692,667
12,954
 12,967
      
Commitments and contingencies

 



 

Capitalization      
Long-term debt14,091,833
 14,194,718
14,522
 14,520
Common stock — 1,000,000,000 shares authorized of $2.50 par value; 507,762,881 and
507,222,795 shares outstanding at June 30, 2017 and Dec. 31, 2016, respectively
1,269,407
 1,268,057
Common stock — 1,000,000,000 shares authorized of $2.50 par value; 508,661,859 and
507,762,881 shares outstanding at March 31, 2018 and Dec. 31, 2017, respectively
1,272
 1,269
Additional paid in capital5,881,475
 5,881,494
5,903
 5,898
Retained earnings4,079,068
 3,981,652
4,510
 4,413
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(106,795) (110,354)(124) (125)
Total common stockholders’ equity11,123,155
 11,020,849
11,561
 11,455
Total liabilities and equity$41,860,989
 $41,155,277
$43,159
 $43,030
      
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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XCEL ENERGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMMON STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
(amounts in thousands)

XCEL ENERGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMMON STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
(amounts in millions, shares in thousands)

XCEL ENERGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMMON STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
(amounts in millions, shares in thousands)

Common Stock Issued Retained Earnings Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 Total
Common
Stockholders’
Equity
Common Stock Issued Retained Earnings Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 Total
Common
Stockholders’
Equity
Shares Par Value Additional Paid In Capital Shares Par Value Additional Paid In Capital 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016          
Balance at March 31, 2016507,953
 $1,269,882
 $5,889,939
 $3,620,421
 $(108,608) $10,671,634
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017          
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016507,223
 $1,268
 $5,881
 $3,982
 $(110) $11,021
Net income

 

 

 196,795
 

 196,795


 

 

 239
 

 239
Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 1,813
 1,813


 

 

 

 2
 2
Dividends declared on common stock

 

 

 (173,563) 

 (173,563)

 

 

 (184) 

 (184)
Issuances of common stock
 
 (187) 

 

 (187)611
 1
 4
 

 

 5
Repurchases of common stock(71) 
 (3) 

 

 (3)
Share-based compensation

 

 6,642
 

 

 6,642


 

 (9) (1) 

 (10)
Balance at June 30, 2016507,953
 $1,269,882
 $5,896,394
 $3,643,653
 $(106,795) $10,703,134
Balance at March 31, 2017507,763
 $1,269
 $5,873
 $4,036
 $(108) $11,070
                      
Balance at March 31, 2017507,763
 $1,269,407
 $5,872,933
 $4,036,352
 $(108,581) $11,070,111
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017507,763
 $1,269
 $5,898
 $4,413
 $(125) $11,455
Net income

 

 

 227,256
 

 227,256


 

 

 291
 

 291
Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 1,786
 1,786


 

 

 

 1
 1
Dividends declared on common stock

 

 

 (183,738) 

 (183,738)

 

 

 (194) 

 (194)
Issuances of common stock921
 3
 14
 

 

 17
Repurchases of common stock(22) 
 (1) 

 

 (1)
Share-based compensation

 

 8,542
 (802) 

 7,740


 

 (8) 
 

 (8)
Balance at June 30, 2017507,763
 $1,269,407
 $5,881,475
 $4,079,068
 $(106,795) $11,123,155
Balance at March 31, 2018
508,662
 $1,272
 $5,903
 $4,510
 $(124) $11,561
                      
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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XCEL ENERGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMMON STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED) (Continued)
(amounts in thousands)
            
 Common Stock Issued Retained Earnings Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 Total
Common
Stockholders’
Equity
 Shares Par Value Additional Paid In Capital   
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016          
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015507,536
 $1,268,839
 $5,889,106
 $3,552,728
 $(109,753) $10,600,920
Net income      438,107
   438,107
Other comprehensive income        2,958
 2,958
Dividends declared on common stock      (347,182)   (347,182)
Issuances of common stock417
 1,043
 (3,942)     (2,899)
Repurchases of common stock    (789)     (789)
Share-based compensation    12,019
     12,019
Balance at June 30, 2016507,953
 $1,269,882
 $5,896,394
 $3,643,653
 $(106,795) $10,703,134
            
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016507,223
 $1,268,057
 $5,881,494
 $3,981,652
 $(110,354) $11,020,849
Net income      466,533
   466,533
Other comprehensive income        3,559
 3,559
Dividends declared on common stock      (367,553)   (367,553)
Issuances of common stock611
 1,527
 3,510
     5,037
Repurchases of common stock(71) (177) (2,943)     (3,120)
Share-based compensation    (586) (1,564)   (2,150)
Balance at June 30, 2017507,763
 $1,269,407
 $5,881,475
 $4,079,068
 $(106,795) $11,123,155
            
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


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XCEL ENERGY INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (UNAUDITED)

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments necessary to present fairly, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), the financial position of Xcel Energy Inc. and its subsidiaries as of June 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and Dec. 31, 2016;2017; the results of its operations, including the components of net income and comprehensive income, and changes in stockholders’ equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and 2016;2017; and its cash flows for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and 2016.2017. All adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature, except as otherwise disclosed. Management has also evaluated the impact of events occurring after June 30, 2017March 31, 2018 up to the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements. These statements contain all necessary adjustments and disclosures resulting from that evaluation. The Dec. 31, 20162017 balance sheet information has been derived from the audited 20162017 consolidated financial statements included in the Xcel Energy Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2016.2017. These notes to the consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP on an annual basis have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, included in the Xcel Energy Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2016,2017, filed with the SEC on Feb. 24, 2017.23, 2018. Due to the seasonality of Xcel Energy’s electric and natural gas sales, interim results are not necessarily an appropriate base from which to project annual results.

1.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies set forth in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements in the Xcel Energy Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2016,2017, appropriately represent, in all material respects, the current status of accounting policies and are incorporated herein by reference.

2.Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued

Revenue RecognitionLeases — I In May 2014,n February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Revenue from Contracts with Customers,Leases, Topic 606842 (Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09), which provides a new framework for the recognition of revenue. Xcel Energy expects its adoption will result in increased disclosures regarding revenue, cash flows and obligations related to arrangements with customers, as well as separate presentation of alternative revenue programs. Xcel Energy has not yet fully determined the impacts of adoption for several aspects of the standard, including a determination whether and how much an evaluation of the collectability of regulated electric and gas revenues will impact the amounts of revenue recognized upon delivery. Xcel Energy currently expects to implement the standard on a modified retrospective basis, which requires application to contracts with customers effective Jan. 1, 2018, with the cumulative impact on contracts not yet completed as of Dec. 31, 2017 recognized as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings.

Classification and Measurement of Financial Instruments — In January 2016, the FASB issued Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, Subtopic 825-10 (ASU No. 2016-01), which eliminates the available-for-sale classification for marketable equity securities and also replaces the cost method of accounting for non-marketable equity securities with a model for recognizing impairments and observable price changes. Under the new standard, other than when the consolidation or equity method of accounting is utilized, changes in the fair value of equity securities are to be recognized in earnings. This guidance will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after Dec. 15, 2017. Xcel Energy expects that as a result of application of accounting principles for rate regulated entities, changes in the fair value of the securities in the nuclear decommissioning fund, currently classified as available-for-sale, will continue to be deferred to a regulatory asset, and that the overall impacts of the Jan. 1, 2018 adoption will not be material.

Leases —In February 2016, the FASB issued Leases, Topic 842 (ASU No. 2016-02), which for lessees requires balance sheet recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for most leases. This guidance will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after Dec. 15, 2018. Xcel Energy has not yet fully determined the impacts of implementation. However, adoption is expected to occur on Jan. 1, 2019 utilizing the practical expedients provided by the standard.standard and proposed in Targeted Improvements, Topic 842 (Proposed ASU 2018-200). As such, agreements entered into prior to Jan. 1, 20172019 that are currently considered leases are expected to be recognized on the consolidated balance sheet, including contracts for use of office space, equipment and natural gas storage assets, as well as certain purchased power agreements (PPAs) for natural gas-fueled generating facilities. Xcel Energy expects that similar agreements entered into after Dec. 31, 20162018 will generally qualify as leases under the new standard, but has not yet completed its evaluation of certain other contracts, including arrangements for the secondary use of assets, such as land easements.standard.

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Presentation of Net Periodic Benefit Cost —In March 2017, the FASB issued Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost, Topic 715 (ASU No. 2017-07), which establishes that only the service cost element of pension cost may be presented as a component of operating income in the income statement. Also under the guidance, only the service cost component of pension cost is eligible for capitalization. Xcel Energy has not yet fully determined the impacts of adoption of the standard, but expects that as a result of application of accounting principles for rate regulated entities, a similar amount of pension cost, including non-service components, will be recognized consistent with the current ratemaking treatment and that the impacts of adoption will be limited to changes in classification of non-service costs in the consolidated statement of income. This guidance will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after Dec. 15, 2017.

Recently Adopted

Stock CompensationRevenue Recognition In May 2014, the FASB issued Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Topic 606 (ASU No. 2014-09), which provides a new framework for the recognition of revenue. Xcel Energy implemented the guidance on a modified retrospective basis on Jan. 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after Dec. 31, 2017 are presented in accordance with Topic 606, while prior period results have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with prior accounting guidance. Other than increased disclosures regarding revenues related to contracts with customers, the implementation did not have a significant impact on Xcel Energy’s consolidated financial statements. For related disclosures, see Note 14.

Classification and Measurement of Financial Instruments — In January 2016, the FASB issued Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, Subtopic 825-10 (ASU No. 2016-01), which eliminated the available-for-sale classification for marketable equity securities and also replaced the cost method of accounting for non-marketable equity securities with a model for recognizing impairments and observable price changes. Under the new standard, other than when the consolidation or equity method of accounting is utilized, changes in the fair value of equity securities are recognized in earnings. Xcel Energy implemented the guidance on Jan. 1, 2018. As a result of application of accounting principles for rate regulated entities, changes in the fair value of the securities in the nuclear decommissioning fund, historically classified as available-for-sale, continue to be deferred to a regulatory asset, and the overall adoption impacts were not material.

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Presentation of Net Periodic Benefit Cost In March 2016,2017, the FASB issued Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting,Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost, Topic 718715 (ASU No. 2016-09),2017-07), which simplifiesestablishes that only the service cost element of pension cost may be presented as a component of operating income in the income statement. Also under the guidance, only the service cost component of pension cost is eligible for capitalization. As a result of application of accounting and financial statement presentationprinciples for share-based payment transactions. The guidance requires thatrate regulated entities, a similar amount of pension cost, including non-service components, will be recognized consistent with the difference between the tax deduction available upon settlement of share-based equity awardshistorical ratemaking treatment, and the tax benefit accumulated over the vesting periodimpacts of adoption will be recognized as an adjustmentlimited to income tax expense. Xcel Energy adopted the guidance in 2016, resulting in immaterial 2016 adjustments to income tax expense and changes in classification of cash flows related to tax withholdingnon-service costs in the consolidated statementsstatement of cash flowsincome. Xcel Energy implemented the new guidance on Jan. 1, 2018, and as a result, $6 million of pension costs were retrospectively reclassified from operating and maintenance expenses to other income, net on the consolidated income statement for the yearsthree months ended Dec.March 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.2017. Under a practical expedient permitted by the standard, Xcel Energy used benefit cost amounts disclosed for prior periods as the basis for retrospective application.

3.Selected Balance Sheet Data
(Thousands of Dollars) June 30, 2017 Dec. 31, 2016
(Millions of Dollars) March 31, 2018 Dec. 31, 2017
Accounts receivable, net        
Accounts receivable $808,705
 $827,112
 $921
 $849
Less allowance for bad debts (49,327) (50,823) (53) (52)
 $759,378
 $776,289
 $868
 $797
(Thousands of Dollars) June 30, 2017 Dec. 31, 2016
(Millions of Dollars) March 31, 2018 Dec. 31, 2017
Inventories        
Materials and supplies $321,426
 $312,430
 $311
 $311
Fuel 156,736
 181,752
 144
 186
Natural gas 63,882
 110,044
 37
 113
 $542,044
 $604,226
 $492
 $610
(Thousands of Dollars) June 30, 2017 Dec. 31, 2016
(Millions of Dollars) March 31, 2018 Dec. 31, 2017
Property, plant and equipment, net        
Electric plant $38,810,158
 $38,220,765
 $39,348
 $39,016
Natural gas plant 5,465,224
 5,317,717
 5,855
 5,800
Common and other property 1,959,703
 1,888,518
 2,027
 2,013
Plant to be retired (a)
 17,820
 31,839
 11
 11
Construction work in progress 1,571,362
 1,373,380
 2,339
 2,087
Total property, plant and equipment 47,824,267
 46,832,219
 49,580
 48,927
Less accumulated depreciation (14,703,391) (14,381,603) (15,276) (15,000)
Nuclear fuel 2,660,606
 2,571,770
 2,701
 2,697
Less accumulated amortization (2,237,639) (2,180,636) (2,326) (2,295)
 $33,543,843
 $32,841,750
 $34,679
 $34,329

(a) 
In the second halfthird quarter of 2017, PSCo expects to both early retireretired Valmont Unit 5 and convertconverted Cherokee Unit 4 from a coal-fueled generating facility to natural gas. PSCo also expects Craig Unit 1 to be early retired in approximately 2025. Amounts are presented net of accumulated depreciation.


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4.Income Taxes

Except to the extent noted below, Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements included in Xcel Energy Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 20162017 appropriately represents, in all material respects, the current status of other income tax matters, and areis incorporated herein by reference.

Federal Loss Carryback Claims — In 2012-2015, Xcel Energy identified certain expenses related to 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014 and 2015 that qualify for an extended carryback beyond
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Total income tax expense from operations differs from the typical two-year carryback period. As a result of a higheramount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate in prior years, Xcel Energy recognized ato income before income tax benefit of approximately $5 million in 2015, $17 million in 2014, $12 million in 2013 and $15 million in 2012.expense. The following reconciles such differences:
  Three Months Ended March 31
  2018 2017
Federal statutory rate 21.0 % 35.0 %
State tax, net of federal tax effect 4.9 % 4.0 %
Increases (decreases) in tax from:    
Wind production tax credits(6.0) (4.0)
Regulatory differences - ARAM (a)
(5.8) (0.1)
Regulatory differences - ARAM deferral (b)
5.4
 
Regulatory differences - other utility plant items(1.0) (0.5)
Other, net(1.6) (1.5)
Effective income tax rate 16.9 % 32.9 %

(a)
The average rate assumption method (ARAM); a method to flow back excess deferred taxes to customers.
(b)
As we receive direction from our regulatory commissions regarding the return of excess deferred taxes (to our customers resulting from the TCJA), the ARAM deferral may decrease during the year, which would result in a reduction to tax expense with a corresponding reduction to revenue.

Federal Audits  Xcel Energy files a consolidated federal income tax return. The statute of limitations applicable to Xcel Energy’s 2009 through 2013 federal income tax returns following extensions, expires in December 2017.expire as follows:
Tax Year(s)Expiration
2009 - 2011December 2018
2012 - 2013October 2018
2014September 2018
2015September 2019
2016September 2020

In 2012, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) commenced an examination of tax years 2010 and 2011, including the 2009 carryback claim. The IRS has proposed an adjustment to the federal tax loss carryback claims that would resultand in $14 million of income tax expense for the 2009 through 2011 claims, and the 2013 through 2015, claims. In 2016 the IRS audit team and Xcel Energy presented their casesforwarded the issue to the Office of Appeals; however,Appeals (Appeals). In 2017, Xcel Energy and Appeals reached an agreement and the outcome and timingbenefit related to the agreed upon portions was recognized. As of a resolution is uncertain.March 31, 2018, the case has been forwarded to the Joint Committee on Taxation.

In the third quarter of 2015, the IRS commenced an examination of tax years 2012 and 2013. In the secondthird quarter of 2017, the IRS concluded the audit of tax years 2012 and 2013 and proposed an adjustment to tax year 2012 that maywould impact Xcel Energy’s net operating loss (NOL) and effective tax rate (ETR). After evaluating the proposed adjustment, Xcel Energy is evaluatingfiled a protest with the IRS’ proposal andIRS. Xcel Energy anticipates the issue will be forwarded to Appeals. As of March 31, 2018, Xcel Energy has recognized its best estimate of income tax expense that will result from a final resolution of this issue; however, the outcome and timing of a resolution is uncertain.unknown.


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State Audits  Xcel Energy files consolidated state tax returns based on income in its major operating jurisdictions of Colorado, Minnesota, Texas, and Wisconsin, and various other state income-based tax returns. As of June 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, Xcel Energy’s earliest open tax years that are subject to examination by state taxing authorities in its major operating jurisdictions were as follows:
State Year
Colorado 2009
Minnesota 2009
Texas 2009
Wisconsin 2012

In 2016, Minnesota began an audit of years 2010 through 2014. As of June 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, Minnesota had not proposed any adjustments;
In 2016, Texas began an audit of years 2009 and 2010. As of June 30, 2017, Texas had not proposed any material adjustments;
In 2016, Wisconsin began an audit of years 2012 and 2013. As of June 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, Wisconsin had not proposed any material adjustments; and
As of June 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, there were no other state income tax audits in progress.

Unrecognized Benefits — The unrecognized tax benefit balance includes permanent tax positions, which if recognized would affect the annual ETR. In addition, the unrecognized tax benefit balance includes temporary tax positions for which the ultimate deductibility is highly certain but for which there is uncertainty about the timing of such deductibility. A change in the period of deductibility would not affect the ETR but would accelerate the payment of cash to the taxing authority to an earlier period.

A reconciliation of the amount of unrecognized tax benefit is as follows:
(Millions of Dollars) June 30, 2017 Dec. 31, 2016
Unrecognized tax benefit — Permanent tax positions $30.8
 $29.6
Unrecognized tax benefit — Temporary tax positions 106.6
 104.1
Total unrecognized tax benefit $137.4
 $133.7


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(Millions of Dollars) March 31, 2018 Dec. 31, 2017
Unrecognized tax benefit — Permanent tax positions $21
 $20
Unrecognized tax benefit — Temporary tax positions 19
 19
Total unrecognized tax benefit $40
 $39

The unrecognized tax benefit amounts were reduced by the tax benefits associated with NOL and tax credit carryforwards. The amounts of tax benefits associated with NOL and tax credit carryforwards are as follows:
(Millions of Dollars) June 30, 2017 Dec. 31, 2016 March 31, 2018 Dec. 31, 2017
NOL and tax credit carryforwards $(47.4) $(43.8) $(32) $(31)

It is reasonably possible that Xcel Energy’s amount of unrecognized tax benefits could significantly change in the next 12 months as the IRS Appeals progresses and audit progress,audits resume, the Minnesota Texas and Wisconsin audits progress, and other state audits resume. As the IRS Appeals and IRS, Minnesota Texas and Wisconsin audits progress, it is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefit could decrease up to approximately $61$26 million.

The payable for interest related to unrecognized tax benefits is partially offset by the interest benefit associated with NOL and tax credit carryforwards. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of the payableThe payables for interest related to unrecognized tax benefits are as follows:

(Millions of Dollars) June 30, 2017 Dec. 31, 2016
Payable for interest related to unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of period $(3.4) $(0.1)
Interest expense related to unrecognized tax benefits recorded during the period (1.7) (3.3)
Payable for interest related to unrecognized tax benefits at end of period $(5.1) $(3.4)

at March 31, 2018 and Dec. 31, 2017 were not material. No amounts were accrued for penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as of June 30, 2017March 31, 2018 or Dec. 31, 2016.2017.

5.Rate Matters

Except to the extent noted below, the circumstances set forth in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements included in Xcel Energy Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2016 and in Note 5 to Xcel Energy Inc.’s Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2017, appropriately represent, in all material respects, the current status of other rate matters, and are incorporated herein by reference.

NSP-Minnesota
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PendingTax Reform Regulatory Proceedings

The specific impacts of the Tax Cuts and Recently Concluded Regulatory Proceedings Jobs Act (TCJA) on customer rates are subject to regulatory approval. Each of the states in Xcel Energy’s service areas have opened dockets to address the impacts of the TCJA. Xcel Energy has made filings and is working with various stakeholders in its jurisdictions to determine the appropriate treatment for the TCJA.

NSP-Minnesota The Minnesota Public UtilitiesUtility Commission (MPUC) (MPUC) opened a TCJA docket and issued a request for information on the impacts of the TCJA in January 2018. In March 2018, the Minnesota Department of Commerce (DOC) recommended adjusting rates or implementing refunds for the current tax impacts and incorporating the deferred tax impacts in each utility’s next rate case.

In April 2018, NSP-Minnesota filed an update of the estimated impact of the TCJA, which reflected an overall reduction in 2018 revenue requirements of approximately $136 million for electric and $7 million for natural gas. The filing also proposed recommended options for delivering tax reform benefits to customers. The proposed electric options included: customer refunds and rider impacts of $68 million, deferral of $44 million to allow for a rate case stay-out for 2020, acceleration of depreciation for the King coal plant of $22 million and low income program funding of $2 million. The proposed natural gas options included customer refunds and rider impacts of $3 million, with the remaining TCJA benefits deferred to mitigate increased costs in the next natural gas rate case. A MPUC decision is expected later in 2018.

Dockets have also been opened in North Dakota and South Dakota. In February 2018, NSP-Minnesota proposed using the reduced revenue requirements from the TCJA to defer planned future rate filings in both jurisdictions.

Minnesota 2016 Multi-Year Electric Rate CaseNSP-Wisconsin — In June 2017,January 2018, the MPUCPublic Service Commission of Wisconsin (PSCW) issued an order requiring public utilities to apply deferred accounting for the impacts of the TCJA. In March 2018, NSP-Wisconsin filed recommended plans for Wisconsin, which for electric operations included an option for an immediate bill credit for a written order. NSP-Minnesota estimatesportion of the totaltax savings in 2018 and 2019, while deferring the remainder until NSP-Wisconsin’s 2020 electric rate increasecase. For the natural gas operations, NSP-Wisconsin proposed using the TCJA to be approximately $245 million overreduce the four-year period covering 2016-2019.unamortized regulatory asset for the Ashland/Northern States Power Lakefront Superfund Site (the Site) clean-up. A PSCW decision on the regulatory treatment of the TCJA is anticipated later in 2018.

Key terms:For Michigan, NSP-Wisconsin has reached settlement in its electric rate case, which reflects the impacts of the TCJA, and has proposed customer refunds for natural gas operations.
Four-year period covering 2016-2019;
Annual sales true-up;
Return on equity (ROE) of 9.2 percentPSCo — In January 2018, the Colorado Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) opened a statewide TCJA proceeding and an equity ratio of 52.5 percent;
Nuclear related costs will not be considered provisional;
Continued use ofordered deferred accounting for all existing riders, however no new riders may be utilized during the four-year term;
Deferral of incremental 2016 property tax expense above a fixed threshold to 2018 and 2019;
Four-year stay-out provision for rate cases;
Property tax true-up mechanism for 2017-2019; and
Capital expenditure true-up mechanism for 2016-2019.investor-owned utilities.

Colorado 2017 Multi-Year Natural Gas Rate Case- In February 2018, the administrative law judge (ALJ) approved PSCo and the CPUC Staff’s settlement agreement addressing the TCJA, which includes a $20 million reduction to provisional rates effective March 1, 2018. A final true-up, including any outcomes associated with the statewide proceeding, would provide customers the full net benefit of the TCJA effective January 2018. A CPUC decision is pending.
(Millions of Dollars, incremental) 2016 2017 2018 2019 Total
Revenues $74.99
 $59.86
 $
 $50.12
 $184.97
NSP-Minnesota’s sales true-up 59.95
 
 
 (0.20) 59.75
   Total rate impact $134.94
 $59.86
 $
 $49.92
 $244.72

Colorado Electric- In April 2018, PSCo, the CPUC Staff and the OCC filed a TCJA settlement agreement with the CPUC that identified a reduction in electric revenue requirements of approximately $101 million for the TCJA in 2018.  The settlement recommended a customer refund of $42 million in 2018, with the remainder of $59 million be used to accelerate the amortization of an existing prepaid pension asset.  With the dismissal of the 2017 rate case, revisions to the TCJA settlement are required to address the impacts of the TCJA for 2019 until new base rates go into effect in connection with a future electric rate case that PSCo anticipates filing later this summer. A CPUC decision is pending.

SPS — In January 2018, the Public Utility Commission of Texas (PUCT) issued an order requiring utilities to apply deferred accounting for the impacts of the TCJA. In February 2018, SPS filed with the PUCT supplemental testimony, which indicated that the TCJA would reduce revenue requirements by approximately $32 million and recommended increasing its equity ratio to 58 percent to offset the negative impact of the TCJA on its credit metrics and potentially its credit ratings. The impact of the TCJA is expected to be addressed as part of SPS’ pending Texas electric rate case, as discussed below.

In February 2018, SPS filed with the New Mexico Public Regulation Commission (NMPRC) a preliminary quantification of the impacts of the TCJA on its ongoing New Mexico 2017 electric rate case, which indicated that the TCJA would reduce revenue requirements by approximately $11 million and recommended increasing its equity ratio to 58 percent to offset the negative impact of the TCJA on its credit metrics and potentially its credit ratings. The impact of the TCJA is expected to be addressed as part of SPS’ pending New Mexico electric rate case, as discussed below.


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Annual Automatic AdjustmentFederal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Formula Rates — The FERC has not yet issued guidance on how or when electric utilities should reflect the impacts of Fuel Clause Charges — In 2016, the Minnesota DepartmentTCJA in FERC jurisdictional wholesale rates. The FERC issued a Notice of Commerce (DOC) recommendedInquiry (NOI) in March 2018 seeking comments on how to reflect the MPUC should hold utilities responsible for incremental costs of replacement power incurred dueTCJA impacts in wholesale rates, in particular changes to unplanned outages at nuclear facilities under certain circumstances. In May 2017, the MPUC voted to disallow approximately $4.4 million of replacement energy costsaccumulated deferred income taxes and bonus depreciation. Comments for the Prairie Island (PI) nuclear facility outages allocatedNOI are due in May 2018. However, FERC-approved formula rates for wholesale customers are generally adjusted on an annual basis for certain changes in rate base and actual operating expenses, including income taxes. As a result, these revenues would be subject to an automatic reduction for the Minnesota jurisdiction in 2015. This disallowance was recognized ineffect of the second quarter of 2017. The MPUC issued a written order in July 2017. In addition,TCJA corporate tax rate change through the DOC is currently reviewing nuclear costs and operations under the initial rate case and resource plan orders as well as the recently finalized rate case.annual true-up process, absent specific FERC action.

NSP-Minnesota and NSP-Wisconsin were parties to a February 2018 FERC filing by certain transmission owner (TO) members of the Midcontinent Independent System Operator, Inc. (MISO) proposing to commence early reductions to transmission formula rates in 2018 for the corporate tax rate impacts of the TCJA. Also in February 2018, PSCo made a filing with FERC similarly requesting early reductions in its transmission and production formula rates in 2018 for corporate tax rate impacts of the TCJA. In March 2018, the FERC issued orders granting MISO TOs and PSCo’s waiver requests so that 2018 rates will reflect the lower federal corporate tax rate. For SPS, as a portion of the TCJA tax rate change largely offsets a depreciation rate change that was effective Jan. 1, 2018 in its wholesale production rates, SPS has notified FERC that it will continue to charge production rates established in 2017, subject to refund. SPS’ wholesale transmission rates continue to be calculated at the pre-TCJA corporate tax rate, subject to true-up in 2019.

NSP-Minnesota

Pending Regulatory ProceedingProceedingsPublic Service Commission of Wisconsin (PSCW)MPUC

WisconsinGUIC Rider — In February 2018, Electric and Natural Gas Rate Casethe MPUC approved a 2017 revenue requirement of approximately $20 million for GUIC investments. New rates went into effect in March 2018. In MayNovember 2017, NSP-WisconsinNSP-Minnesota filed the 2018 GUIC rider with the MPUC requesting recovery of approximately $28 million from Minnesota gas utility customers. In March 2018, NSP-Minnesota filed a requestsupplement to the 2018 GUIC rider filing to provide an updated capital forecast and address the impact of the TCJA. The net result decreased NSP-Minnesota’s 2018 GUIC revenue requirement to approximately $24 million. The MPUC is currently considering the 2018 petition.

Renewable Energy Standard (RES) Rider — In 2017, NSP-Minnesota filed the 2017 and 2018 RES rider petition with the PSCW to increase electric rates by $24.7MPUC, requesting approval of a 2017 over-recovery of approximately $10 million or 3.6 percent, and natural gas rates by $12.0 million, or 10.1 percent, effective January 2018.a 2018 revenue requirement of approximately $11 million. The rate filing ispetition was based on a 2018 forecast test year, a ROErequested return on equity (ROE) of 10.0 percent an equity ratio of 52.53 percent and a forecasted average net investment rate base ofincludes costs associated with the Courtenay wind farm and the 1,550 megawatt (MW) wind portfolio, which are offset by production tax credits (PTCs) and proceeds from renewable energy credit (REC) sales. The increase in revenue requirements in 2018 is due to new wind projects entering the construction phase. In February and March 2018, NSP-Minnesota filed supplements to the 2017 and 2018 RES rider petition to provide updated actual results and address TCJA impacts. NSP-Minnesota’s revised 2017 refund is approximately $1.2 billion for$13 million, and the electric utility and $138.4 million forrevised 2018 revenue requirement is approximately $23 million. The increase in 2018 revenue requirements from the natural gas utility.

Key datesoriginal request is primarily driven by the TCJA impact on PTCs earned on existing wind asset-related costs. A decision from the MPUC is expected later in the procedural schedule are as follows:

Staff and intervenor testimony — Sept. 12, 2017;
Rebuttal testimony — Sept. 26, 2017;
Sur-rebuttal testimony — Oct. 3, 2017; and
Hearing — Oct. 5, 2017.

A PSCW decision is anticipated in the fourth quarter of 2017.2018.

PSCo

Pending and Recently Concluded Regulatory Proceedings — Colorado Public Utilities Commission (CPUC)CPUC

Colorado 2017 Multi-Year Electric Rate Case — In October 2017, PSCo filed a multi-year request with the CPUC seeking to increase electric rates approximately $245 million over four years. The request was based on forecast test years (FTY), a 10.0 percent ROE and an equity ratio of 55.25 percent. Interim rates, subject to refund and interest, were to be effective on June 1, 2018.
Revenue Request (Millions of Dollars) 2018 2019 2020 2021 Total
Revenue request $74
 $75
 $60
 $36
 $245
Clean Air Clean Jobs Act (CACJA) rider conversion to base rates 90
 
 
 
 90
Transmission Cost Adjustment (TCA) rider conversion to base rates 43
 
 
 
 43
  Total $207
 $75
 $60
 $36
 $378
           
Expected year-end rate base (billions of dollars) $6.8
 $7.1
 $7.3
 $7.4
  


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In March 2018, PSCo, CPUC Staff and OCC reached a settlement and filed a motion with the CPUC requesting changes to the procedural schedule and scope of the electric case, which included delaying the implementation of provisional rates from June 2018 to January 2019 and requiring PSCo to file updated test year information for 2019-2021 which included the impacts of TCJA. In April 2018, the CPUC denied the motion on procedural grounds and dismissed the electric rate case. PSCo anticipates filing a new electric rate case in the summer of 2018 with new rates expected to be effective in the first quarter of 2019.

Colorado 2017 Multi-Year Natural Gas Rate Case — In June 2017, PSCo filed a multi-year request with the CPUC seeking to increase retail natural gas rates to recover capital investments and increased operating costs since PSCo’s previous case in 2015.approximately $139 million over three years. The request, detailed below, is based on forecast test years,FTYs, a 10.0 percent ROE and an equity ratio of 55.25 percent.
Revenue Request (Millions of Dollars) 2018 2019 2020 Total
New revenue request $63.2
 $32.9
 $42.9
 $139.0
Pipeline System Integrity Adjustment (PSIA) revenue conversion to base rates (a)
 
 93.9
 
 93.9
Total $63.2
 $126.8
 $42.9
 $232.9
         
Expected Year-End Rate Base (Billions of dollars) (b)
 $1.5
 $2.3
 $2.4
 N/A
Revenue Request (Millions of Dollars) 2018 2019 2020 Total
Revenue request $63
 $33
 $43
 $139
Pipeline System Integrity Adjustment (PSIA) rider conversion to base rates (a)
 
 94
 
 94
Total $63
 $127
 $43
 $233
         
Expected year-end rate base (billions of dollars) (b)
 $1.5
 $2.3
 $2.4
 


(a)
The roll-in of PSIA rider revenue into base rates will not have an impact on customer bills or revenue as these costs are already being recovered through the rider. The recovery of incremental PSIA related investments in 2019 and 2020 are included in the base rate request.

(b)
The additional rate base in 2019 predominantly reflects the roll-in of capital associated with the PSIA rider.

In October 2017, the CPUC Staff and the OCC recommended a single 2016 historic test year (HTY) based on an average 13-month rate base, and opposed a multi-year request. In addition, they recommended an equity ratio of 48.73 percent and 51.2 percent, respectively, and the existing PSIA rider expire with the 2018 rates rolled into base rates will not have an impact on customer bills or total revenue as these costs are already being recovered from customers through the rider. PSCo plans to request new PSIA rates for 2018 in November 2017. The recovery of new, incremental PSIA relatedbeginning Jan. 1, 2019. Planned investments in 2019 and 2020 are includedwould be recoverable through a future rate case. The Staff and OCC provide for a recommended 2018 rate increase of approximately $30 million and $39 million, respectively.

Provisional rates, subject to refund, of $63 million were implemented on Jan. 1, 2018.

On Jan. 31, 2018, the CPUC ordered deferred accounting for the impacts of TCJA and opened a statewide TCJA proceeding, as discussed below. In February 2018, the ALJ approved a settlement agreement between PSCo and the CPUC, which reduced provisional rates by $20 million to address the impacts of the TCJA. The CPUC is expected to rule on the regulatory treatment of the TCJA and the natural gas rate case later in 2018.

On April 20, 2018, PSCo filed for a PSIA extension through 2020 in the event that the CPUC does not adopt its multi-year plan proposal.

SPS

Pending Regulatory Proceedings — PUCT

Texas 2017 Electric Rate Case — In 2017, SPS filed a $55 million, or 5.8 percent, retail electric, non-fuel base rate request.increase case in Texas with each of its Texas municipalities and the PUCT. The request was based on a HTY ended June 30, 2017, a requested ROE of 10.25 percent, an electric rate base of approximately $1.9 billion and an equity ratio of 53.97 percent.

(b) The additionalfollowing table summarizes SPS’ rate base in 2019 predominantly reflects the roll-in of capital associated with the PSIA rider.increase request:
Revenue Request (Millions of Dollars)  
Incremental revenue request $69
Transmission Cost Recovery Factor (TCRF) rider conversion to base rates (a)
 (14)
  Net revenue increase request $55

Final rates are expected to be effective in February 2018. In conjunction with the multi-year base rate step increases, PSCo is also proposing a stay-out provision and an earnings test through the end of 2020.

Annual Electric Earnings Test
(a) — PSCo must share with customers earnings that exceed the authorized ROE of 9.83 percent for 2015 through 2017, as part of an annual earnings test. In July 2017, the CPUC approved PSCo’s 2016 earnings test, which does not result in any earnings sharing. The current estimate of the 2017 earnings test, based on annual forecasted information, did not result in the recognition of a liability as of June 30, 2017.

The roll-in of the TCRF rider revenue into base rates will not have an impact on customer bills or revenue as these costs are already being recovered through the rider. SPS can request another TCRF rider after the conclusion of this rate case to recover transmission investments subsequent to June 30, 2017.


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SPSKey dates in the revised procedural schedule are as follows:

PendingPUCT Staff direct testimony — May 2, 2018;
PUCT Staff and Recently Concluded Regulatory Proceedingsintervenors’ cross-rebuttal testimonyPublic Utility CommissionMay 14, 2018;
SPS’ rebuttal testimony — May 23, 2018; and
Hearings — June 4 - 14, 2018.

As discussed above, the PUCT has opened a docket on the impact of Texas (PUCT)the TCJA, which may have an impact on this rate case. In February 2018, SPS filed supplemental testimony with the PUCT, which indicated that TCJA would reduce revenue requirements by approximately $32 million and recommended increasing its equity ratio to 58 percent to offset the negative impact of the TCJA on its credit metrics and potentially its credit ratings. The final rates are expected to be effective retroactive to Jan. 23, 2018 through a customer surcharge. A PUCT decision is expected in the fourth quarter of 2018.

Appeal of the Texas 2015 Electric Rate Case Decision — In 2014, SPS had requested an overall retail electric revenue rate increase of $42.1$42 million. In 2015, the PUCT approved an overall rate decrease of approximately $4.0$4 million, net of rate case expenses. In April 2016, SPS filed an appeal with the Texas State District Court of(District Court) challenging the PUCT’s order that had denied SPS’ request for rehearing on certain items in SPS’ Texas 2015 electric rate case related to capital structure, incentive compensation and wholesale load reductions. In March 2017, the Travis County District Court denied SPS’ appeal.  In April 2017,appeal, and SPS appealed the District Court’s decision to the Court of Appeals.

Texas 2016 Transmission Cost Recovery Factor (TCRF) Application — In February 2017, SPS filed with the PUCT to recover additional annual revenue of approximately $16.1 million through its TCRF, or 1.8 percent. The filing was based upon capital transmission additions made during 2016. In June 2017, the PUCT approved TCRF rider recovery of approximately $14.4 million effective immediately. A decision is pending.

Pending Regulatory Proceeding — New Mexico Public Regulation Commission (NMPRC)NMPRC

New Mexico 2017 Electric Rate Case — In October 2017, SPS filed an electric rate case with the NMPRC seeking an increase in retail electric base rates of approximately $43 million. The request is based on a HTY ended June 30, 2017, a ROE of 10.25 percent, an equity ratio of 53.97 percent and a rate base of approximately $885 million, including rate base additions through Nov. 30, 2017. This rate case also takes into account the decline in sales of 380 MW in 2017 from certain wholesale customers and seeks to adjust the life of SPS’ Tolk power plant (Unit 1 from 2042 to 2032 and Unit 2 from 2045 to 2032).

In February 2018, SPS filed supplemental information, which indicated that the TCJA would reduce revenue requirements by approximately $11 million. In addition, SPS requested an increase in the equity ratio of 58 percent and an adjustment to regional transmission revenue for the impacts of TCJA.

On April 13, 2018, the NMPRC Staff, the New Mexico Attorney General (NMAG), and several other parties filed testimony. The recommended ROE’s ranged from 9.0 percent to of 9.21 percent, and the recommended equity ratios were 51.0 percent to 53.97 percent.


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The following table summarizes certain parties’ recommendations from SPS’ request:
Millions of Dollars  NMPRC Staff Testimony NMAG Testimony
SPS request $43
 $43
Reduction to request for the impact of the TCJA (11) (11)
SPS request, including the impact of the TCJA 32
 32
     
ROE (9.0 percent and 9.21 percent, respectively) (4) (6)
Capital structure (52.0 percent and 53.97 percent, respectively) (7) (3)
Accelerated depreciation (Tolk plant) (3) (3)
Disallow rate case expenses (2) (3)
Regional transmission revenue (adjustment for the impact of the TCJA) 

(3)
Post test year plant (estimated numbers were updated to actual) (1) (2)
Other, net (4) (5)
Recommended rate increase $11
 $7

Key dates in the procedural schedule are as follows:

SPS’ rebuttal testimony — May 2, 2018; and
Hearings — May 15 - 25, 2018.

SPS anticipates a decision and implementation of final rates in the second half of 2018.

Appeal of the New Mexico 2016 Electric Rate Case Dismissal — In November 2016, SPS filed an electric rate case with the NMPRC seeking an increase in base rates of approximately $41.4$41 million, representing a total revenue increase of approximately 10.9 percent. The rate filing iswas based on a requested ROE of 10.1 percent, an equity ratio of 53.97 percent, an electric rate base of approximately $832 million and a future test year ending June 30, 2018.

On April 10, 2017, the hearing examiner determined that SPS’ rate filing was deficient and recommended the NMPRC extend the procedural schedule by approximately one month and restart the suspension period once it is determined that the deficiencies are resolved. On April 19, In 2017, the NMPRC dismissed SPS’ rate case. On May 15, 2017, SPS filed a notice of appeal toin the New Mexico Supreme Court. A decision from the New Mexico Supreme Court is not expected until the second or third quarterhalf of 2018.2019.

Pending Regulatory Proceeding — Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)FERC

Midcontinent Independent System Operator, Inc. (MISO)MISO ROE Complaints — In November 2013, a group of customers filed a complaint at the FERC against MISO transmission owners (TOs),TOs, including NSP-Minnesota and NSP-Wisconsin. The complaint argued for a reduction in the ROE in transmission formula rates in the MISO region from 12.38 percent to 9.15 percent, and the removal of ROE adders (including those for Regional Transmission Organization (RTO) membership), effective Nov. 12, 2013.


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In December 2015, an administrative law judge (ALJ) recommendedSeptember 2016, the FERC approveapproved an ALJ recommendation that MISO TOs be granted a base ROE of 10.32 percent for the MISO TOs. The ALJ found the existing 12.38 percent ROE to be unjust and unreasonable. The recommended 10.32 percent ROE applied a FERC ROE policy adopted in a June 2014 order (Opinion 531). The FERC approved the ALJ recommended 10.32 percent base ROE using the methodology adopted by FERC in an order issued in September 2016.June 2014 (Opinion 531). This ROE would be applicable for the 15 month15-month refund period from Nov. 12, 2013 to Feb. 11, 2015, and prospectively from the date of the FERC order. The total prospective ROE would be 10.82 percent, including a 50 basis point adder for RTO membership. Various parties requested rehearing of the September 2016 order. The requests are pending FERC action.

In February 2015, a second complaint seeking to reduce the MISO ROE from 12.38 percent to 8.67 percent prior to any RTO adder was filed, with the FERC, resulting in a second period of potential refundrefunds from Feb. 12, 2015 to May 11, 2016. In June 2016, thean ALJ recommended a base ROE of 9.7 percent, applying the methodology adopted byFERC Opinion 531 methodology. Various parties filed exceptions to the ALJ recommendation, and FERC in Opinion 531. A final FERC decision on the second ROE complaint was expected later in 2017, but inaction is pending. In April 2017, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (D.C. Circuit) by opinion, vacated and remanded Opinion 531. It is unclear how the D.C. Circuit’s opinion to vacate and remand Opinion 531 will affect the September 2016 FERC order or the timing and outcome of the second ROE complaint. The MISO TOs are evaluating the impact of the D.C. Circuit ruling on the November 2013 and February 2015 ROE complaints.

As of June 30, 2017, NSP-Minnesota has processed the refunds for the Nov. 12, 2013 to Feb. 11, 2015 complaint period based on the 10.32 percent ROE provided in the September 2016 FERC order. NSP-Minnesota has also recognized a current refund liability consistent with the best estimate of the final ROE for the Feb. 12, 2015 to May 11, 2016 complaint period.


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TableSouthwest Power Pool, Inc. (SPP) Open Access Transmission Tariff (OATT) Upgrade Costs — Under the SPP OATT, costs of Contentsparticipant-funded, or “sponsored,” transmission upgrades may be recovered from other SPP customers whose transmission service depends on capacity enabled by the upgrade.  The SPP OATT has allowed SPP to charge for these upgrades since 2008, but SPP had not been charging its customers for these upgrades.  In 2016, the FERC granted SPP’s request to recover the charges not billed since 2008.  SPP subsequently billed SPS approximately $13 million for these charges. SPP is also billing SPS ongoing charges of approximately $0.5 million per month. SPS is currently seeking recovery of these SPP charges in its pending Texas and New Mexico base rate cases.

In October 2017, SPS filed a complaint against SPP regarding the amounts billed asserting that SPP has assessed upgrade charges to SPS in violation of the SPP OATT. In March 2018, the FERC denied SPS’ complaint. SPS sought rehearing in April 2018, which is pending FERC action.  If SPS’ complaint results in additional charges or refunds, SPS will seek to recover or refund the differential in future rate proceedings.

6.Commitments and Contingencies

Except to the extent noted below and in Note 5 above, the circumstances set forth in Notes 12, 13 and 14 to the consolidated financial statements included in Xcel Energy Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2016, and in Notes 5 and 6 to the
consolidated financial statements included in Xcel Energy Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2017, appropriately represent, in all material respects, the current status of commitments and contingent liabilities and are incorporated herein by reference. The following include commitments, contingencies and unresolved contingencies that are material to Xcel Energy’s financial position.

PPAs

Under certain PPAs, NSP-Minnesota, PSCo and SPS purchase power from independent power producing entities for which the utility subsidiaries are required to reimburse natural gas or biomass fuel costs, or to participate in tolling arrangements under which the utility subsidiaries procure the natural gas required to produce the energy that they purchase. These specific PPAs create a variable interest in the associated independent power producing entity.

The Xcel Energy utility subsidiaries had approximately 3,537 megawatts (MW)MW of capacity under long-term PPAs as of June 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and Dec. 31, 2016,2017, with entities that have been determined to be variable interest entities. Xcel Energy has concluded that these entities are not required to be consolidated in its consolidated financial statements because it does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entities’ economic performance. These agreements have expiration dates through 2041.

Guarantees and Bond Indemnifications

Xcel Energy Inc. and its subsidiaries provide guarantees and bond indemnities under specified agreements or transactions. The guarantees and bond indemnities issued by Xcel Energy Inc. guarantee payment or performance by its subsidiaries. As a result, Xcel Energy Inc.’s exposure under the guarantees and bond indemnities is based upon the net liability of the relevant subsidiary under the specified agreements or transactions. Most of the guarantees and bond indemnities issued by Xcel Energy Inc. and its subsidiaries have a stated maximum guarantee or indemnity amount. As of June 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and Dec. 31, 2016,2017, Xcel Energy Inc. and its subsidiaries had no assets held as collateral related to their guarantees, bond indemnities and indemnification agreements.

The following table presents guarantees and bond indemnities issued and outstanding for Xcel Energy:
(Millions of Dollars) June 30, 2017 Dec. 31, 2016 March 31, 2018 Dec. 31, 2017
Guarantees issued and outstanding $18.3
 $18.8
 $18.6
 $18.8
Current exposure under these guarantees 
 0.1
 
 
Bonds with indemnity protection 49.4
 43.0
 51.7
 53.1

Other Indemnification Agreements

Xcel Energy Inc. and its subsidiaries provide indemnifications through contracts entered into in the normal course of business. These are primarily indemnifications against adverse litigation outcomes in connection with underwriting agreements, as well as breaches of representations and warranties, including corporate existence, transaction authorization and income tax matters with respect to assets sold. Xcel Energy Inc.’s and its subsidiaries’ obligations under these agreements may be limited in terms of duration and amount. The maximum future payments under these indemnifications cannot be reasonably estimated as the dollar amounts are often not explicitly stated.

Environmental Contingencies

Ashland Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) Site — NSP-Wisconsin was named a potentially responsible party (PRP) for contamination at a site in Ashland, Wis. The Ashland/Northern States Power Lakefront Superfund Site (the Site) includes NSP-Wisconsin property, previously operated as a MGP facility (the Upper Bluff), and two other properties: an adjacent city lakeshore park area (Kreher Park); and an area of Lake Superior’s Chequamegon Bay adjoining the park.


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In 2012,January 2017, NSP-Wisconsin agreed to remediate the Phase II Project Area (the Sediments), under a settlement agreement with the Environmental Protection Agency. The settlement agreements were approved by the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin. NSP-Wisconsin initiated a full scale wet dredge remedy of the Sediments in 2017. Under the current plan, NSP-Wisconsin anticipates completion of restoration activities of the Sediments in 2018 with finalization of Phase I Project Area (which includes the Upper Bluff and Kreher Park areas of the Site), under a settlement agreement with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
NSP-Wisconsin performed a wet dredge pilot study in 2016 construction and demonstrated that a wet dredge remedy can meet the performance standards for remediation of the Phase II Project Area (the Sediments). As a result, the EPA authorized NSP-Wisconsin to extend the wet dredge pilot to additional areas of the Site. In January 2017, NSP-Wisconsin agreed to remediate the Sediments, under a settlement agreement with the EPA. The settlement was approved by the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin. NSP-Wisconsin has initiated field activities to perform a full scale wet dredge remedy of the Sediments in 2017, with performance of restoration activities in 2018.early 2019 although April weather may challenge that schedule. Groundwater treatment activities at the Site will continue.

The current cost estimate for the remediation of the entire site (both Phase I Project Area and the Sediments) is approximately $160.0$172 million, of which approximately $113.2$139 million has been spent. At June 30, 2017As of March 31, 2018 and Dec. 31, 2016,2017, NSP-Wisconsin had recorded a total liability of $46.8$33 million and $64.3$30 million, respectively, for the entire site.


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NSP-Wisconsin has deferred the unrecovered portion of the estimated Site remediation costs as a regulatory asset. The PSCW has authorized NSP-Wisconsin rate recovery for all remediation costs incurred at the Site. In 2012, the PSCW agreed to allow NSP-Wisconsin to pre-collect certain costs, to amortize costs over a ten-year period and to apply a three percent carrying cost to the unamortized regulatory asset. In MayDecember 2017, the PSCW approved an NSP-Wisconsin filed a natural gas rate case, which included recovery of additional expenses associated with remediating the Site. If approved, theThe annual recovery of MGP clean-up costs would increaseincreased from $12.4$12 million in 2017 to $18.1$18 million in 2018.

Fargo, N.D. MGP Site — In May 2015, underground pipes, tars and impacted soils were discovered in a right-of-way in Fargo, N.D. that appeared to be associated with a former MGP operated by NSP-Minnesota or prior companies. NSP-Minnesota removed impacted soils and other materials from the right-of-way and commenced an investigation of the historic MGP and adjacent properties (the Fargo MGP Site). NSP-Minnesota has recommended that targeted source removal of impacted soils and historic MGP infrastructure should be performed. The North Dakota Department of Health approved NSP-Minnesota’s proposed cleanup plan in January 2017. The timing2017, which involves targeted source removal of impacted soils and final scope ofhistoric MGP infrastructure. It is anticipated that remediation is dependent on whether reasonable access is provided to NSP-Minnesota to perform and implement the approved cleanup plan.activities will be performed in 2018. NSP-Minnesota has also initiated insurance recovery litigation in North Dakota. The U.S. District Court for the District of North Dakota agreed to the parties’ request for a stay of the litigation until September 2017.May 31, 2018.

As of June 30, 2017 and Dec. 31, 2016, NSP-Minnesota had recorded aan estimated liability of $16.4$15 million as of March 31, 2018 and $11.3$16 million respectively,as of Dec. 31, 2017, for the Fargo MGP Site. The current cost estimate for the remediation of the site is approximately $23.0$22 million, of which approximately $6.6$7 million has been spent. In December 2015,NSP-Minnesota has deferred Fargo MGP Site costs allocable to the North Dakota jurisdiction, or approximately 88 percent of all remediation costs, as approved by the North Dakota Public Service Commission (NDPSC) approved NSP-Minnesota’s. In December 2017, NSP-Minnesota filed a request with the MPUC to defer costs associated with the Fargopost-2017 MGP Site, resulting in deferral of all investigation and response costs with the exception of approximately 12 percentremediation expenditures allocable to the Minnesota jurisdiction. Uncertainties related tojurisdiction, including the liability recognized include obtaining access to performFargo MGP site. In March 2018, the approved remediation (includingDOC recommended that the prospective purchase of the historic MGP property), final designs that will be developed to implement the approved cleanup plan and the potential for contributions from entities that may be identified as PRPs.MPUC deny NSP-Minnesota’s deferral request. A MPUC decision is expected mid-2018.

Other MGP, and Landfill or Disposal Sites — Xcel Energy is currently involved in investigating and/or remediating several MGP, landfill or other MGP and landfilldisposal sites. Xcel Energy has identified teneleven sites across its service territories in addition to the sites in Ashland Wis. and Fargo, N.D., where former MGP or landfill disposal activities have or may have resulted in site contamination is present and are under currentwhere investigation and/or remediation. At some or all of these sites, thereremediation activities are othercurrently underway. Other parties that may have responsibility for some portion of any remediation.the investigation and/or remediation activities. Xcel Energy anticipates that the majority of thethese investigation or remediation at these sitesactivities will continue through at least 2018. Xcel Energy had accrued $2.9$4 million and $2.0 million for these sites at June 30, 2017as of March 31, 2018 and Dec. 31, 2016, respectively.2017 for all of these sites. There may be insurance recovery and/or recovery from other PRPs tothat will offset any costs incurred. Xcel Energy anticipates that any significant amounts incurredspent will be fully recovered from customers.

Environmental Requirements

Water and Waste
Federal Clean Water Act (CWA) Waters of the United States Rule In 2015, the EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) published a final rule that significantly expands the types of water bodies regulated under the CWA and broadens the scope of waters subject to federal jurisdiction. The final rule will subject more utility projects to federal CWA jurisdiction, thereby potentially delaying the siting of new generation projects, pipelines, transmission lines and distribution lines, as well as increasing project costs and expanding permitting and reporting requirements. In October 2015, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit issued a nationwide stay of the final rule and subsequently ruled that it, rather than the federal district courts, had jurisdiction over challenges to the rule.  In January 2017, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to resolve the dispute as to which court should hear challenges to the rule. A ruling is expected by the end of 2017.

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In February 2017, President Trump issued an executive order requiring the EPA and the Corps to review and revise the final rule. On June 27, 2017, the agencies issued a proposed rule that rescinds the 2015 final rule and reinstates the prior 1986 definition of “Water of the U.S.”

Air
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission Standard for Existing Sources (Clean Power Plan or CPP) — In 2015, the EPA issued its final rule for existing power plants.  Among other things, the rule requires that state plans include enforceable measures to ensure emissions from existing power plants achieve the EPA’s state-specific interim (2022-2029) and final (2030 and thereafter) emission performance targets. 

The CPP was challenged by multiple parties in the D.C. Circuit Court.  In February 2016, the U.S. Supreme Court issued an order staying the final CPP rule. In September 2016, the D.C. Circuit Court heard oral arguments in the consolidated challenges to the CPP. The stay will remain in effect until the D.C. Circuit Court reaches its decision and the U.S. Supreme Court either declines to review the lower court’s decision or reaches a decision of its own.

In March 2017, President Trump signed an executive order requiring the EPA Administrator to review the CPP rule and if appropriate, publish proposed rules suspending, revising or rescinding it. Accordingly, the EPA has requested that the D.C. Circuit Court hold the litigation in abeyance until the EPA completes its work under the executive order. The D.C. Circuit granted the EPA’s request to hold the litigation in abeyance until June 27, 2017, and is considering briefs by the parties on whether the court should remand the challenges to the EPA rather than holding them in abeyance, to determine whether and how the court continues or ends the stay that currently applies to the CPP. On June 9, 2017, the EPA submitted a proposed rule to the Office of Management and Budget entitled “Review of the Clean Power Plan.”

Regional Haze Rules — The regional haze program is designed to address widespread haze that results from emissions from a multitude of sources. The Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) requirements of the EPA’s regional haze rules require the installation and operation of emission controls for industrial facilities emitting air pollutants that reduce visibility in national parks and wilderness areas. Under BART, regional haze plans identify facilities that will have to reduce Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) and particulate matter emissions and set emission limits for those facilities. BART requirements can also be met through participation in interstate emission trading programs such as the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) and its successor, Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR). The regional haze plans developed by Minnesota and Colorado have been fully approved and are being implemented in those states. States are required to revise their plans every ten years. The next plans for Minnesota and Colorado will be due in 2021. Texas’ first regional haze plan is still undergoing federal review as described below. President Trump’s Administration has not yet taken any public position regarding its views of the proposed and final regional haze regulations affecting SPS facilities in Texas. 

Actions affecting Harrington Units: Texas developed a State Implementation Plan (SIP) that finds the CAIR equal to BART for electric generating units. As a result, no additional controls beyond CAIR compliance would be required. In 2014, the EPA proposed to approve the BART portion of the SIP, with substitution of CSAPR compliance for Texas’ reliance on CAIR. In January 2016, the EPA adopted a final rule that defers its approval of CSAPR compliance as BART until the EPA considers further adjustments to CSAPR emission budgets under the D.C. Circuit Court’s remand of the Texas SO2 emission budgets. In June 2016, the EPA issued a memorandum which allows Texas to voluntarily adopt the CSAPR emission budgets limiting annual SO2 and NOx emissions and rely on those emission budgets to satisfy Texas’ BART obligations under the regional haze rules. The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality has not utilized this option. The EPA then published a proposed rule in January 2017 that could have the effect of requiring installation of dry scrubbers to reduce SO2 emissions from Harrington Units 1 and 2. Investment costs associated with dry scrubbers for Harrington Units 1 and 2 could be approximately $400 million. The EPA’s deadline to issue a final rule for Texas is September 2017.

Actions affecting Tolk units: In January 2016, the EPA adopted a final rule establishing a federal implementation plan for the state of Texas, which imposed SO2 emission limitations that reflect the installation of dry scrubbers on Tolk Units 1 and 2, with compliance required by February 2021. Investment costs associated with dry scrubbers could be approximately $600 million. SPS appealed the EPA’s decision and requested a stay of the final rule. The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (Fifth Circuit) granted the stay and decided that they are the appropriate venue for this case. In March 2017, the Fifth Circuit remanded the rule to the EPA for reconsideration, while leaving the stay in effect. The Fifth Circuit is now holding the case in abeyance until the EPA completes its reconsideration of the rule. It is likely that Texas and other affected entities including SPS would continue to challenge the determinations to date.  The risk of these controls being imposed along with the risk of investments to provide cooling water to Tolk have caused SPS to seek to decrease the remaining depreciable life of the Tolk units.


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Revisions to the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for Ozone — In 2015, the EPA revised the NAAQS for ozone by lowering the eight-hour standard from 75 parts per billion (ppb) to 70 ppb. In areas where Xcel Energy operates, current monitored air quality concentrations comply with the new standard in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area in Minnesota and meet the 70 ppb level in the Texas panhandle. In documents issued with the new standard, the EPA projects that both areas will meet the new standard. The Denver Metropolitan Area is currently not meeting the prior ozone standard and will therefore not meet the new, more stringent standard, however PSCo’s scheduled retirement of coal fired plants in Denver that began in 2011 and will be completed in August 2017, should help in any plan to mitigate non-attainment. In June 2017, the EPA announced that it is delaying designations of nonattainment areas under the 2015 ozone NAAQS to October 2018 to allow it to complete its review of the 2015 ozone NAAQS.

Legal Contingencies

Xcel Energy is involved in various litigation matters that are being defended and handled in the ordinary course of business. The assessment of whether a loss is probable or is a reasonable possibility, and whether the loss or a range of loss is estimable, often involves a series of complex judgments about future events. Management maintains accruals for such losses that are probable of being incurred and subject to reasonable estimation. Management is sometimes unable to estimate an amount or range of a reasonably possible loss in certain situations, including but not limited to when (1) the damages sought are indeterminate, (2) the proceedings are in the early stages, or (3) the matters involve novel or unsettled legal theories. In such cases, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the timing or ultimate resolution of such matters, including a possible eventual loss. For current proceedings not specifically reported herein, management does not anticipate that the ultimate liabilities, if any, arising from such current proceedings would have a material effect on Xcel Energy’s financial statements. Unless otherwise required by GAAP, legal fees are expensed as incurred.

Employment, Tort and Commercial Litigation

Gas Trading Litigation — e prime, inc. (e prime) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Xcel Energy. e prime was in the business of natural gas trading and marketing but has not engaged in natural gas trading or marketing activities since 2003.  Thirteen lawsuits were commenced against e prime and Xcel Energy (and NSP-Wisconsin, in two instances) between 2003 and 2009 alleging fraud and anticompetitive activities in conspiring to restrain the trade of natural gas and manipulate natural gas prices.

The
18




e prime, Xcel Energy Inc. and its other affiliates were sued along with several other gas marketing companies. These cases were all consolidated in the U.S. District Court in Nevada. FiveSix of the cases have since been settled and seven remain active, which includes onea multi-district litigation (MDL) matter consisting of a Colorado class (Breckenridge), a Wisconsin class (NSP-Wisconsin)(Arandell Corp.), a Missouri class, a Kansas class, and two other cases identified as “Sinclair Oil” and “Farmland.” In November 2016,March 2017, summary judgment was granted by the MDL judge dismissed e prime andin favor of Xcel Energy from the Farmland lawsuit, and Farmland has appealed the dismissal. Motions for summary judgment were filed by defendants, including e prime, in all of the remaining lawsuits. In March 2017, the U.S. District Court issued an order dismissing the claims against e prime in the Sinclair Oil lawsuit and deniedFarmland cases. In November 2017, the U.S District Court in Nevada granted summary judgment against two plaintiffs in the Arandell Corp. case in favor of Xcel Energy and NSP-Wisconsin, leaving only three individual plaintiffs remaining in the litigation. In addition, the plaintiffs’ motions for class certification and remand back to originating courts in these cases were denied in March 2017. Plaintiffs have appealed the other lawsuits. The U.S. District Court did not grant e prime’s summary judgment motions granted in the Wisconsin or Colorado cases. There are currently additional motions brought by e primeFarmland and Sinclair Oil cases and the denial of class certification and remand to the U.S. Court of Appeals for reconsiderationthe Ninth Circuit (Ninth Circuit). Oral arguments were heard before the Ninth Circuit in February 2018. In March 2018, the Ninth Circuit reversed and remanded the summary judgment pending in the U.S. District Court.Farmland case. The Farmland defendants subsequently filed a request for further review by the Ninth Circuit. In light of the decision in the Farmland case, the Sinclair plaintiffs have requested the Ninth Circuit to reverse the grant of summary judgment without hearing. Final rulings on all pending motions and appeals are expected by the end of 2018. Xcel Energy, NSP-Wisconsin and e prime have concluded that a loss is remote.

Line Extension Disputes — In December 2015, Development Recovery Company (DRC) filed a lawsuit in the Denver StateDistrict Court, stating PSCo failed to award proper allowances and refunds for line extensions to new developments pursuant to the terms of electric and gas service agreements entered into by PSCo and various developers. The dispute involvesinvolved claims by over fifty developers. In May 2016,February 2018, the district court granted PSCo’s motionColorado Supreme Court denied DRC’s petition to dismissappeal the lawsuit, concluding that jurisdiction over this dispute resides with the CPUC. In June 2016, DRC appealed the district court’sDenver District Court’s dismissal of the lawsuit, and the Colorado Court of Appeals affirmed the lower court decisioneffectively terminating this litigation. However, in favor of PSCo. In July 2017,January 2018, DRC filed a petitionnew lawsuit in Boulder County District Court, asserting a single claim that PSCo was required to appeal the decisionfile its line extension agreements with the Colorado Supreme Court. ItCPUC but failed to do so. This claim is uncertain whethersubstantially similar to the Colorado Supreme Court will grant the petition. DRC also broughtarguments previously raised by DRC. In February 2018, PSCo filed a motion to dismiss. Dates for this proceeding before the CPUC as assignee on behalf of two developers, Ryland Homes and Richmond Homes of Colorado. In March 2016, the ALJ issued an order rejecting DRC’s claims for additional allowances and refunds. In June 2016, the ALJ’s determination was approved by the CPUC. DRC didhave not file a request for reconsideration before the CPUC contesting the decision, but filed an appeal in Denver District Court in August 2016. DRC has requested a hearing for oral arguments, which has yet to be granted or set by the Denver District Court.been scheduled.

PSCo has concluded that a loss is remote with respect to this matter as the service agreements were developed to implement CPUC approved tariffs and PSCo has complied with the tariff provisions. Also, if a loss were sustained, PSCo believes it would be allowed to recover these costs through traditional regulatory mechanisms. The amount or range in dispute is presently unknown and no accrual has been recorded for this matter.


18



7.Borrowings and Other Financing Instruments

Short-Term Borrowings

Money Pool  Xcel Energy Inc. and its utility subsidiaries have established a money pool arrangement that allows for short-term investments in and borrowings between the utility subsidiaries. NSP-Wisconsin does not participate in the money pool. Xcel Energy Inc. may make investments in the utility subsidiaries at market-based interest rates; however, the money pool arrangement does not allow the utility subsidiaries to make investments in Xcel Energy Inc. The money pool balances are eliminated in consolidation.

Commercial PaperShort-Term Debt Xcel Energy Inc. and its utility subsidiaries meet their short-term liquidity requirements primarily through the issuance of commercial paper and borrowings under their credit facilities.facilities and term loan agreements. Commercial paper and term loan borrowings outstanding for Xcel Energy waswere as follows:
(Amounts in Millions, Except Interest Rates) Three Months Ended  
 June 30, 2017
 Year Ended  
 Dec. 31, 2016
 Three Months Ended  
 March 31, 2018
 Year Ended  
 Dec. 31, 2017
Borrowing limit $2,750
 $2,750
 $3,250
 $3,250
Amount outstanding at period end 784
 392
 1,025
 814
Average amount outstanding 778
 485
 1,000
 644
Maximum amount outstanding 1,247
 1,183
 1,197
 1,247
Weighted average interest rate, computed on a daily basis 1.28% 0.74% 1.93% 1.35%
Weighted average interest rate at period end 1.49
 0.95
 2.34
 1.90


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Letters of Credit — Xcel Energy Inc. and its subsidiaries use letters of credit, generally with terms of one year, to provide financial guarantees for certain operating obligations. At June 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and Dec. 31, 2016,2017, there were $14$31 million and $19$30 million, respectively, of letters of credit outstanding under the credit facilities. The contract amounts of these letters of credit approximate their fair value and are subject to fees.

Credit Facilities — In order to use their commercial paper programs to fulfill short-term funding needs, Xcel Energy Inc. and its utility subsidiaries must have revolving credit facilities in place at least equal to the amount of their respective commercial paper borrowing limits and cannot issue commercial paper in an aggregate amount exceeding available capacity under these credit facilities. The lines of credit provide short-term financing in the form of notes payable to banks, letters of credit and back-up support for commercial paper borrowings.

At June 30, 2017,As of March 31, 2018, Xcel Energy Inc. and its utility subsidiaries had the following committed credit facilities available:
(Millions of Dollars) 
Credit Facility (a)
 
Drawn (b)
 Available 
Credit Facility (a)
 
Drawn (b)
 Available
Xcel Energy Inc. $1,000
 $549
 $451
 $1,500
 $898
 $602
PSCo 700
 3
 697
 700
 99
 601
NSP-Minnesota 500
 91
 409
 500
 25
 475
SPS 400
 109
 291
 400
 12
 388
NSP-Wisconsin 150
 46
 104
 150
 22
 128
Total $2,750
 $798
 $1,952
 $3,250
 $1,056
 $2,194
(a) 
These credit facilities expire in June 2021.2021, with the exception of Xcel Energy Inc.’s $500 million 364-day term loan agreement entered into in December 2017.
(b) 
Includes outstanding commercial paper, term loan borrowings and letters of credit.

All credit facility bank borrowings, outstanding letters of credit, term loan borrowings and outstanding commercial paper reduce the available capacity under the respective credit facilities. Xcel Energy Inc. and its subsidiaries had no direct advances on the credit facilities outstanding at June 30, 2017as of March 31, 2018 and Dec. 31, 2016.2017.

Long-Term Borrowings

PSCo issued $400 million of 3.80 percent first mortgage bonds due June 15, 2047.


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8.Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities

Fair Value Measurements

The accounting guidance for fair value measurements and disclosures provides a single definition of fair value and requires certain disclosures about assets and liabilities measured at fair value. A hierarchical framework for disclosing the observability of the inputs utilized in measuring assets and liabilities at fair value is established by this guidance. The three levels in the hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. The types of assets and liabilities included in Level 1 are highly liquid and actively traded instruments with quoted prices.

Level 2 Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, but are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. The types of assets and liabilities included in Level 2 are typically either comparable to actively traded securities or contracts, or priced with models using highly observable inputs.

Level 3 Significant inputs to pricing have little or no observability as of the reporting date. The types of assets and liabilities included in Level 3 are those valued with models requiring significant management judgment or estimation.

Specific valuation methods include the following:

Cash equivalents The fair values of cash equivalents are generally based on cost plus accrued interest; money market funds are measured using quoted net asset value (NAV).


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Investments in equity securities and other funds Equity securities are valued using quoted prices in active markets. The fair values for commingled funds are measured using NAVs, which take into consideration the value of underlying fund investments, as well as the other accrued assets and liabilities of a fund, in order to determine a per-share market value. The investments in commingled funds may be redeemed for NAV with proper notice. Proper notice varies by fund and can range from daily with one or two days notice to annually with 90 days notice. Private equity investments require approval of the fund for any unscheduled redemption, and such redemptions may be approved or denied by the fund at its sole discretion. Unscheduled distributions from real estate investments may be redeemed with proper notice, which is typically quarterly with 45-90 days notice; however, withdrawals from real estate investments may be delayed or discounted as a result of fund illiquidity.

Investments in debt securities Fair values for debt securities are determined by a third party pricing service using recent trades and observable spreads from benchmark interest rates for similar securities.

Interest rate derivatives The fair values of interest rate derivatives are based on broker quotes that utilize current market interest rate forecasts.

Commodity derivatives The methods used to measure the fair value of commodity derivative forwards and options utilize forward prices and volatilities, as well as pricing adjustments for specific delivery locations, and are generally assigned a Level 2 classification. When contractual settlements extend to periods beyond those readily observable on active exchanges or quoted by brokers, the significance of the use of less observable forecasts of long-term forward prices and volatilities on a valuation is evaluated, and may result in Level 3 classification.

Electric commodity derivatives held by NSP-Minnesota and SPS include transmission congestion instruments, generally referred to as financial transmission rights (FTRs). FTRs purchased from a RTO are financial instruments that entitle or obligate the holder to monthly revenues or charges based on transmission congestion across a given transmission path. The value of an FTR is derived from, and designed to offset, the cost of transmission congestion. In addition to overall transmission load, congestion is also influenced by the operating schedules of power plants and the consumption of electricity pertinent to a given transmission path. Unplanned plant outages, scheduled plant maintenance, changes in the relative costs of fuels used in generation, weather and overall changes in demand for electricity can each impact the operating schedules of the power plants on the transmission grid and the value of an FTR. The valuation process for FTRs utilizes complex iterative modeling to predict the impacts of forecasted changes in these drivers of transmission system congestion oncleared prices for each FTR for the historical pricing of FTR purchases.


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most recent auction.

If forecasted costs of electric transmission congestion increase or decrease for a given FTR path, the value of that particular FTR instrument will likewise increase or decrease. FairGiven the limited transparency in the auction process, fair value measurements for FTRs have been assigned a Level 3 given the limited observability of management’s forecasts for several of the inputs to this complex valuation model.3. Non-trading monthly FTR settlements are included in fuel and purchased energy cost recovery mechanisms as applicable in each jurisdiction, and therefore changes in the fair value of the yet to be settled portions of most FTRs are deferred as a regulatory asset or liability. Given this regulatory treatment and the limited magnitude of FTRs, the numerous unobservable quantitative inputs tolimited transparency associated with the complex model used for valuation of FTRs are insignificant to the consolidated financial statements of Xcel Energy.

Non-Derivative Instruments Fair Value Measurements

Nuclear Decommissioning Fund

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) requires NSP-Minnesota to maintain a portfolio of investments to fund the costs of decommissioning its nuclear generating plants. Together with all accumulated earnings or losses, the assets of the nuclear decommissioning fund are legally restricted for the decommissioning the Monticello and PIPrairie Island (PI) nuclear generating plants. The fund contains cash equivalents, debt securities, equity securities and other investments – all classified as available-for-sale.investments. NSP-Minnesota plans to reinvest matured securities until decommissioning begins. NSP-Minnesota uses the MPUC approved asset allocation for the escrow and investment targets by asset class for both the escrow and qualified trust.

NSP-Minnesota recognizes the costs of funding the decommissioning of its nuclear generating plants over the lives of the plants, assuming rate recovery of all costs. Given the purpose and legal restrictions on the use of nuclear decommissioning fund assets, realized and unrealized gains on fund investments over the life of the fund are deferred as an offset of NSP-Minnesota’s regulatory asset for nuclear decommissioning costs. Consequently, any realized and unrealized gains and losses on securities in the nuclear decommissioning fund, including any other-than-temporary impairments, are deferred as a component of the regulatory asset for nuclear decommissioning.


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Unrealized gains for the nuclear decommissioning fund were $462.3$543 million and $378.6$560 million at June 30, 2017as of March 31, 2018 and Dec. 31, 2016,2017, respectively, and unrealized losses and amounts recorded as other-than-temporary impairments were $34.2$18 million and $46.9$7 million at June 30, 2017as of March 31, 2018 and Dec. 31, 2016,2017, respectively.

The following tables present the cost and fair value of Xcel Energy’s non-derivative instruments with recurring fair value measurements in the nuclear decommissioning fund at June 30, 2017as of March 31, 2018 and Dec. 31, 2016:2017:
 June 30, 2017 March 31, 2018
   Fair Value   Fair Value
(Thousands of Dollars) Cost Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Investments Measured at NAV (b)
 Total
(Millions of Dollars) Cost Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Investments Measured at NAV (b)
 Total
Nuclear decommissioning fund (a)
                        
Cash equivalents $10,990
 $10,990
 $
 $
 $
 $10,990
 $41
 $41
 $
 $
 $
 $41
Commingled funds:                        
Non U.S. equities 280,608
 191,881
 
 
 106,085
 297,966
 270
 226
 
 
 90
 316
Emerging market debt funds 96,008
 
 
 
 103,736
 103,736
 157
 
 
 
 164
 164
Commodity funds 106,571
 
 
 
 82,897
 82,897
Private equity investments 138,889
 
 
 
 195,491
 195,491
 142
 
 
 
 198
 198
Real estate 131,270
 
 
 
 195,515
 195,515
 118
 
 
 
 186
 186
Other commingled funds 131,243
 
 
 
 141,918
 141,918
 4
 1
 
 
 3
 4
Debt securities:                        
Government securities 38,319
 
 37,844
 
 
 37,844
 78
 
 77
 
 
 77
U.S. corporate bonds 141,510
 
 142,330
 
 
 142,330
 325
 
 321
 
 
 321
Non U.S. corporate bonds 24,386
 
 24,859
 
 
 24,859
 55
 
 53
 
 
 53
Equity securities:                        
U.S. equities 287,425
 526,581
 
 
 
 526,581
 278
 557
 
 
 
 557
Non U.S. equities 171,695
 226,868
 
 
 
 226,868
 153
 229
 
 
 
 229
Total $1,558,914
 $956,320
 $205,033
 $
 $825,642
 $1,986,995
 $1,621
 $1,054
 $451
 $
 $641
 $2,146
(a) 
Reported in nuclear decommissioning fund and other investments on the consolidated balance sheet, which also includes $133.2$141 million of equity investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries and $111.4$117 million of rabbi trust assets and miscellaneous investments.
(b) 
Due to limited availability of published pricing and a lack of immediate redeemability, certain fund investments measured at NAV are not required to be categorized within the fair value hierarchy.

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 Dec. 31, 2016 Dec. 31, 2017
   Fair Value   Fair Value
(Thousands of Dollars) Cost Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Investments Measured at NAV (b)
 Total
(Millions of Dollars) Cost Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Investments Measured at NAV (b)
 Total
Nuclear decommissioning fund (a)
                        
Cash equivalents $20,379
 $20,379
 $
 $
 $
 $20,379
 $29
 $29
 $
 $
 $
 $29
Commingled funds:                        
Non U.S. equities 260,877
 133,126
 
 
 112,233
 245,359
 264
 217
 
 
 90
 307
Emerging market debt funds 93,597
 
 
 
 97,543
 97,543
 156
 
 
 
 166
 166
Commodity funds 106,571
 
 
 
 92,091
 92,091
Private equity investments 132,190
 
 
 
 190,462
 190,462
 141
 
 
 
 198
 198
Real estate 128,630
 
 
 
 187,647
 187,647
 131
 
 
 
 202
 202
Other commingled funds 151,048
 
 
 
 159,489
 159,489
 9
 6
 
 
 3
 9
Debt securities:                        
Government securities 32,764
 
 31,965
 
 
 31,965
 68
 
 69
 
 
 69
U.S. corporate bonds 104,913
 
 105,772
 
 
 105,772
 320
 
 322
 
 
 322
Non U.S. corporate bonds 21,751
 
 21,672
 
 
 21,672
 50
 
 50
 
 
 50
Municipal bonds 13,609
 
 13,786
 
 
 13,786
Mortgage-backed securities 2,785
 
 2,816
 
 
 2,816
Equity securities:                        
U.S. equities 270,779
 473,400
 
 
 
 473,400
 271
 557
 
 
 
 557
Non U.S. equities 189,100
 218,381
 
 
 
 218,381
 152
 234
 
 
 
 234
Total $1,528,993
 $845,286
 $176,011
 $
 $839,465
 $1,860,762
 $1,591
 $1,043
 $441
 $
 $659
 $2,143
(a) 
Reported in nuclear decommissioning fund and other investments on the consolidated balance sheet, which also includes $132.8$140 million of equity investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries and $98.3$114 million of rabbi trust assets and miscellaneous investments.
(b) 
Due to limited availability of published pricing and a lack of immediate redeemability, certain fund investments measured at NAV are not required to be categorized within the fair value hierarchy.
For the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 there were no Level 3 nuclear decommissioning fund investments and no transfers of amounts between levels.


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The following table summarizes the final contractual maturity dates of the debt securities in the nuclear decommissioning fund, by asset class, at June 30, 2017:as of March 31, 2018:
 Final Contractual Maturity Final Contractual Maturity
(Thousands of Dollars) 
Due in 1 Year
or Less
 
Due in 1 to 5
Years
 
Due in 5 to 10
Years
 
Due after 10
Years
 Total
(Millions of Dollars) 
Due in 1 Year
or Less
 
Due in 1 to 5
Years
 
Due in 5 to 10
Years
 
Due after 10
Years
 Total
Government securities $
 $2,770
 $6,497
 $28,577
 $37,844
 $
 $9
 $2
 $66
 $77
U.S. corporate bonds 2,824
 44,843
 78,518
 16,145
 142,330
 3
 87
 174
 57
 321
Non U.S. corporate bonds 
 10,964
 10,851
 3,044
 24,859
 
 16
 33
 4
 53
Debt securities $2,824
 $58,577
 $95,866
 $47,766
 $205,033
 $3
 $112
 $209
 $127
 $451

Rabbi Trusts

In June 2016, Xcel Energy established rabbi trusts to provide partial funding for future distributions of its supplemental executive retirement plan and deferred compensation plan. The following tables present the cost and fair value of the assets held in rabbi trusts at June 30, 2017as of March 31, 2018 and Dec. 31, 2016:2017:
  June 30, 2017
    Fair Value
(Thousands of Dollars) Cost Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Rabbi Trusts (a)
          
Cash equivalents $11,214
 $11,214
 $
 $
 $11,214
Mutual funds 46,171
 47,380
 
 
 47,380
Total $57,385
 $58,594
 $
 $
 $58,594

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  March 31, 2018
    Fair Value
(Millions of Dollars) Cost Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Rabbi Trusts (a)
          
Cash equivalents $11
 $11
 $
 $
 $11
Mutual funds 48
 50
 
 
 50
Total $59
 $61
 $
 $
 $61

 Dec. 31, 2016 Dec. 31, 2017
   Fair Value   Fair Value
(Thousands of Dollars) Cost Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
(Millions of Dollars) Cost Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Rabbi Trusts (a)
                    
Cash equivalents $47,831
 $47,831
 $
 $
 $47,831
 $12
 $12
 $
 $
 $12
Mutual funds 1,663
 1,901
 
 
 1,901
 47
 50
 
 
 50
Total $49,494
 $49,732
 $
 $
 $49,732
 $59
 $62
 $
 $
 $62
(a) 
Reported in nuclear decommissioning fund and other investments on the consolidated balance sheet.

Derivative Instruments Fair Value Measurements

Xcel Energy enters into derivative instruments, including forward contracts, futures, swaps and options, for trading purposes and to manage risk in connection with changes in interest rates, utility commodity prices and vehicle fuel prices.

Interest Rate Derivatives — Xcel Energy enters into various instruments that effectively fix the interest payments on certain floating rate debt obligations or effectively fix the yield or price on a specified benchmark interest rate for an anticipated debt issuance for a specific period. These derivative instruments are generally designated as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes.

At June 30, 2017,As of March 31, 2018, accumulated other comprehensive losses related to interest rate derivatives included $3.0$3 million of net losses expected to be reclassified into earnings during the next 12 months as the related hedged interest rate transactions impact earnings, including forecasted amounts for unsettled hedges, as applicable.

Wholesale and Commodity Trading Risk — Xcel Energy Inc.’s utility subsidiaries conduct various wholesale and commodity trading activities, including the purchase and sale of electric capacity, energy, energy-related instruments and natural gas-related instruments, including derivatives. Xcel Energy’s risk management policy allows management to conduct these activities within guidelines and limitations as approved by its risk management committee, which is made up of management personnel not directly involved in the activities governed by this policy.


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Commodity Derivatives — Xcel Energy enters into derivative instruments to manage variability of future cash flows from changes in commodity prices in its electric and natural gas operations, as well as for trading purposes. This could include the purchase or sale of energy or energy-related products, natural gas to generate electric energy, natural gas for resale, FTRs, vehicle fuel and weather derivatives.

At June 30, 2017,As of March 31, 2018, Xcel Energy had various vehicle fuel contracts designated as cash flow hedges extending through December 2018. Xcel Energy enters into derivative instruments that mitigate commodity price risk on behalf of electric and natural gas customers, but may not be designated as qualifying hedging transactions. Changes in the fair value of non-trading commodity derivative instruments are recorded in other comprehensive income or deferred as a regulatory asset or liability. The classification as a regulatory asset or liability is based on commission approved regulatory recovery mechanisms. Xcel Energy recorded immaterial amounts to income related to the ineffectiveness of cash flow hedges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and 2016.2017.

At June 30, 2017,As of March 31, 2018, net gains related to commodity derivative cash flow hedges recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive losses included immaterial amountsnet gains expected to be reclassified into earnings during the next 12 months as the hedged transactions occur.

Additionally, Xcel Energy enters into commodity derivative instruments for trading purposes not directly related to commodity price risks associated with serving its electric and natural gas customers. Changes in the fair value of these commodity derivatives are recorded in electric operating revenues, net of amounts credited to customers under margin-sharing mechanisms.


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The following table details the gross notional amounts of commodity forwards, options and FTRs at June 30, 2017as of March 31, 2018 and Dec. 31, 2016:2017:
(Amounts in Thousands) (a)(b)
 June 30, 2017 Dec. 31, 2016
(Amounts in Millions) (a)(b)
 March 31, 2018 Dec. 31, 2017
Megawatt hours of electricity 101,225
 46,773
 60
 68
Million British thermal units of natural gas 66,974
 121,978
 30
 37
Gallons of vehicle fuel 360
 
(a) 
Amounts are not reflective of net positions in the underlying commodities.
(b) 
Notional amounts for options are included on a gross basis, but are weighted for the probability of exercise.

The following tables detail the impact of derivative activity during the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 and 2016, on accumulated other comprehensive loss, regulatory assets and liabilities, and income:
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2017  Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 
 Pre-Tax Fair Value Gains (Losses) Recognized During the Period in: Pre-Tax (Gains) Losses Reclassified into Income During the Period from: Pre-Tax Gains Recognized
During the Period in Income
  Pre-Tax Fair Value Gains (Losses) Recognized During the Period in: Pre-Tax Losses Reclassified into Income During the Period from: Pre-Tax Gains (Losses) Recognized
During the Period in Income
 
(Thousands of Dollars) Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss
 Regulatory
(Assets) and Liabilities
 Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss
 
Regulatory
Assets and (Liabilities)
 
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges           
Interest rate $
 $
 $1,319
(a) 
$
 $
 
Vehicle fuel and other commodity 43
 
 (5)
(b) 

 
 
Total $43
 $
 $1,314
 $
 $
 
(Millions of Dollars) Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss
 Regulatory
(Assets) and Liabilities
 Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss
 
Regulatory
Assets and (Liabilities)
 Pre-Tax Gains (Losses) Recognized
During the Period in Income
 
Other derivative instruments                    
Commodity trading $
 $
 $
 $
 $5,785
(c) 
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $3
(b) 
Electric commodity 
 (1,299) 
 (2,315)
(d) 

  
 (4) 
 3
(c) 

 
Natural gas commodity 
 (1,685) 
 



 
 1
 
 2
(d) 
(2)
(d) 
Total $
 $(2,984) $
 $(2,315) $5,785
  $
 $(3) $
 $5
 $1
 
           
            
  Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 
  Pre-Tax Fair Value Gains (Losses) Recognized During the Period in: Pre-Tax (Gains) Losses Reclassified into Income During the Period from: Pre-Tax Gains (Losses) Recognized
During the Period in Income
 
(Thousands of Dollars) Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss
 Regulatory
(Assets) and Liabilities
 Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss
 
Regulatory
Assets and (Liabilities)
  
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges           
Interest rate $
 $
 $2,678
(a) 
$
 $
 
Vehicle fuel and other commodity 43
 
 (5)
(b) 

 
 
Total $43
 $
 $2,673
 $
 $
 
Other derivative instruments           
Commodity trading $
 $
 $
 $
 $6,786
(c) 
Electric commodity 
 (505) 
 (6,313)
(d) 

 
Natural gas commodity 
 (7,846) 
 1,075
(e) 
(4,070)
(e) 
Total $
 $(8,351) $
 $(5,238) $2,716
 

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            Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2016  Pre-Tax Fair Value Gains (Losses) Recognized During the Period in: Pre-Tax (Gains) Losses Reclassified into Income During the Period from: Pre-Tax Gains (Losses) Recognized
During the Period in Income
 
 Pre-Tax Fair Value Gains (Losses) Recognized During the Period in: Pre-Tax Losses Reclassified into Income During the Period from: Pre-Tax Gains Recognized
During the Period in Income
 
(Thousands of Dollars) Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss
 Regulatory
(Assets) and Liabilities
 Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss
 
Regulatory
Assets and (Liabilities)
 
(Millions of Dollars) Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss
 Regulatory
(Assets) and Liabilities
 Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss
 Regulatory
Assets and (Liabilities)
 Pre-Tax Gains (Losses) Recognized
During the Period in Income
 
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges   ��                
Interest rate $
 $
 $1,483
(a) 
$
 $
  $
 $
 $1
(a) 
$
 $
 
Vehicle fuel and other commodity 19
 
 47
(b) 

 
 
Total $19
 $
 $1,530
 $
 $
  $
 $
 $1
 $
 $
 
Other derivative instruments  
  
  
  
  
            
Commodity trading $
 $
 $
 $
 $481
(c) 
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $1
(b) 
Electric commodity 
 (705) 
 16,642
(d) 

  
 1
 
 (4)
(c) 

 
Natural gas commodity 
 6,063
 
 

25
(e) 
 
 (6) 
 1
(d) 
(4)
(d) 
Total $
 $5,358
 $
 $16,642
 $506
  $
 $(5) $
 $(3) $(3) 

  Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 
  Pre-Tax Fair Value Gains (Losses) Recognized During the Period in: Pre-Tax Losses Reclassified into Income During the Period from: Pre-Tax Gains (Losses) Recognized
During the Period in Income
 
(Thousands of Dollars) Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss
 Regulatory
(Assets) and Liabilities
 Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss
 Regulatory
Assets and (Liabilities)
  
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges           
Interest rate $
 $
 $2,968
(a) 
$
 $
 
Vehicle fuel and other commodity 13
 
 104
(b) 

 
 
Total $13
 $
 $3,072
 $
 $
 
Other derivative instruments           
            
Commodity trading $
 $
 $
 $
 $1,490
(c) 
Electric commodity 
 (970) 
 27,533
(d) 

 
Natural gas commodity 
 3,361
 
 11,666
(e) 
(4,999)
(e) 
Total $
 $2,391
 $
 $39,199
 $(3,509) 
(a) 
Amounts are recorded to interest charges.
(b)
Amounts are recorded to operating and maintenance (O&M) expenses.
(c) 
Amounts are recorded to electric operating revenues. Portions of these gains and losses are subject to sharing with electric customers through margin-sharing mechanisms and deducted from gross revenue, as appropriate.
(d)(c) 
Amounts are recorded to electric fuel and purchased power. These derivative settlement gaingains and loss amountslosses are shared with electric customers through fuel and purchased energy cost-recovery mechanisms, and reclassified out of income as regulatory assets or liabilities, as appropriate.
(e)(d) 
Certain derivatives are utilized to mitigate natural gas price risk for electric generation and are recorded to electric fuel and purchased power, subject to cost-recovery mechanisms and reclassified to a regulatory asset, as appropriate. Amounts for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 included no$1 million of settlement gains or losses and $0.9 million of settlement gains, respectively. Amounts for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 included an immaterial amount of settlement losses. The remaining derivative settlement gains and losses for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 relate to natural gas operations and are recorded to cost of natural gas sold and transported. These gains and losses are subject to cost-recovery mechanisms and reclassified out of income to a regulatory asset or liability, as appropriate.

Xcel Energy had no derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and 2016.2017. Therefore, no gains or losses from fair value hedges or related hedged transactions were recognized for these periods.

Consideration of Credit Risk and Concentrations — Xcel Energy continuously monitors the creditworthiness of the counterparties to its interest rate derivatives and commodity derivative contracts prior to settlement, and assesses each counterparty’s ability to perform on the transactions set forth in the contracts. Given this assessment, as well as an assessment of the impact of Xcel Energy’s own credit risk when determining the fair value of derivative liabilities, the impact of credit risk was immaterial to the fair value of unsettled commodity derivatives presented in the consolidated balance sheets.

Xcel Energy Inc. and its subsidiaries employ additional credit risk control mechanisms when appropriate, such as letters of credit, parental guarantees, standardized master netting agreements and termination provisions that allow for offsetting of positive and negative exposures. Credit exposure is monitored and, when necessary, the activity with a specific counterparty is limited until credit enhancement is provided.


25

Table of Contents


Xcel Energy’s utility subsidiaries’ most significant concentrations of credit risk with particular entities or industries are contracts with counterparties to their wholesale, trading and non-trading commodity activities. At June 30, 2017, twoAs of March 31, 2018, five of Xcel Energy’s 10 most significant counterparties for these activities, comprising $28.1$70 million or 1235 percent of this credit exposure, had investment grade credit ratings from Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s or Fitch Ratings. EightFour of the 10 most significant counterparties, comprising $75.7$27 million or 3214 percent of this credit exposure, were not rated by these external agencies, but based on Xcel Energy’s internal analysis, had credit quality consistent with investment grade. All tenThe one remaining significant counterparty, comprising of $7 million or 4 percent of this credit exposure, had credit quality less than investment grade based on ratings from external analysis. Nine of these significant counterparties are municipal or cooperative electric entities or other utilities.

Credit Related Contingent Features  Contract provisions for derivative instruments that the utility subsidiaries enter, including those accounted for as normal purchase-normal sale contracts and therefore not reflected on the balance sheet, may require the posting of collateral or settlement of the contracts for various reasons, including if the applicable utility subsidiary is unablesubsidiary’s credit ratings are downgraded below its investment grade credit rating by any of the major credit rating agencies or for cross-default contractual provisions that could result in the settlement of such contracts if there was a failure under other financing arrangements related to maintain its credit ratings. At June 30, 2017payment terms or other covenants. As of March 31, 2018 and Dec. 31, 2016,2017, there were no derivative instruments in a material liability position with such underlying contract provisions that required the postingprovisions.


25

Table of collateral or settlement of applicable outstanding contracts if the credit ratings of Xcel Energy Inc.’s utility subsidiaries were downgraded below investment grade.Contents


Certain derivative instruments are also subject to contract provisions that contain adequate assurance clauses. These provisions allow counterparties to seek performance assurance, including cash collateral, in the event that a given utility subsidiary’s ability to fulfill its contractual obligations is reasonably expected to be impaired. Xcel Energy had no collateral posted related to adequate assurance clauses in derivative contracts as of June 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and Dec. 31, 2016.2017.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements — The following table presents for each of the fair value hierarchy levels, Xcel Energy’s derivative assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2017:as of March 31, 2018:
  June 30, 2017
  Fair Value Fair Value Total 
Counterparty Netting (b)
 Total
(Thousands of Dollars) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3   
Current derivative assets            
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:            
Vehicle fuel and other commodity $
 $25
 $
 $25
 $(25) $
Other derivative instruments:            
Commodity trading 2,974
 13,383
 2
 16,359
 (8,958) 7,401
Electric commodity 
 
 68,069
 68,069
 (4,048) 64,021
Natural gas commodity 
 1,439
 
 1,439
 
 1,439
Total current derivative assets $2,974
 $14,847
 $68,071
 $85,892
 $(13,031) 72,861
PPAs (a)
           5,626
Current derivative instruments           $78,487
Noncurrent derivative assets            
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:            
Vehicle fuel and other commodity $
 $14
 $
 $14
 $
 $14
Other derivative instruments:            
Commodity trading 250
 30,686
 5,215
 36,151
 (7,307) 28,844
Total noncurrent derivative assets $250
 $30,700
 $5,215
 $36,165
 $(7,307) 28,858
PPAs (a)
           21,552
Noncurrent derivative instruments           $50,410


26

Table of Contents

  March 31, 2018
  Fair Value Fair Value Total 
Counterparty Netting (b)
 Total
(Millions of Dollars) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3   
Current derivative assets            
Other derivative instruments:            
Commodity trading $1
 $22
 $
 $23
 $(12) $11
Electric commodity 
 
 13
 13
 (2) 11
Total current derivative assets $1
 $22
 $13
 $36
 $(14) 22
PPAs (a)
           6
Current derivative instruments           $28
Noncurrent derivative assets            
Other derivative instruments:            
Commodity trading $1
 $37
 $8
 $46
 $(15) $31
Total noncurrent derivative assets $1
 $37
 $8
 $46
 $(15) 31
PPAs (a)
           18
Noncurrent derivative instruments           $49

 June 30, 2017 March 31, 2018
 Fair Value Fair Value Total 
Counterparty Netting (b)
 Total Fair Value Fair Value Total 
Counterparty Netting (b)
 Total
(Thousands of Dollars) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
(Millions of Dollars) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair Value Total 
Counterparty Netting (b)
 Total
Current derivative liabilities                   
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:            
Vehicle fuel and other commodity $
 $
 $
 $
 $(25) $(25)
Other derivative instruments:                        
Commodity trading 3,050
 11,443
 1
 14,494
 (9,280) 5,214
 $1
 $19
 $
 $20
 $(13) $7
Electric commodity 
 
 4,048
 4,048
 (4,048) 
 
 
 2
 2
 (1) 1
Total current derivative liabilities $3,050
 $11,443
 $4,049
 $18,542
 $(13,353) 5,189
 $1
 $19
 $2
 $22
 $(14) 8
PPAs (a)
           22,830
           22
Current derivative instruments           $28,019
           $30
Noncurrent derivative liabilities                        
Other derivative instruments:                        
Commodity trading $98
 $22,861
 $
 $22,959
 $(10,522) $12,437
 $2
 $30
 $
 $32
 $(19) $13
Total noncurrent derivative liabilities $98
 $22,861
 $
 $22,959
 $(10,522) 12,437
 $2
 $30
 $
 $32
 $(19) 13
PPAs (a)
           123,818
           107
Noncurrent derivative instruments           $136,255
           $120
(a) 
During 2006, Xcel Energy qualified these contracts under the normal purchase exception. Based on this qualification, the contracts are no longer adjusted to fair value and the previous carrying value of these contracts will be amortized over the remaining contract lives along with the offsetting regulatory assets and liabilities.
(b) 
Xcel Energy nets derivative instruments and related collateral in its consolidated balance sheet when supported by a legally enforceable master netting agreement, and all derivative instruments and related collateral amounts were subject to master netting agreements at June 30, 2017.March 31, 2018. At June 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, derivative assets and liabilities include no obligations to return cash collateral and the rights to reclaim cash collateral of $3.5$4 million. The counterparty netting amounts presented exclude settlement receivables and payables and non-derivative amounts that may be subject to the same master netting agreements.


26

Table of Contents


The following table presents for each of the fair value hierarchy levels, Xcel Energy’s derivative assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis atas of Dec. 31, 2016:2017:
  Dec. 31, 2016
  Fair Value Fair Value Total 
Counterparty Netting (b)
 Total
(Thousands of Dollars) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3   
Current derivative assets            
Other derivative instruments:            
Commodity trading $13,179
 $14,105
 $
 $27,284
 $(20,637) $6,647
Electric commodity 
 
 19,251
 19,251
 (1,976) 17,275
Natural gas commodity 
 8,839
 
 8,839
 
 8,839
Total current derivative assets$13,179
 $22,944
 $19,251
 $55,374
 $(22,613) 32,761
PPAs (a)
           5,463
Current derivative instruments           $38,224
Noncurrent derivative assets            
Other derivative instruments:  
  
  
  
  
  
Commodity trading $100
 $31,029
 $
 $31,129
 $(7,323) $23,806
Natural gas commodity 
 1,652
 
 1,652
 
 1,652
Total noncurrent derivative assets$100
 $32,681
 $
 $32,781
 $(7,323) 25,458
PPAs (a)
           24,731
Noncurrent derivative instruments           $50,189


27

Table of Contents

  Dec. 31, 2017
  Fair Value Fair Value Total 
Counterparty Netting (b)
 Total
(Millions of Dollars) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3   
Current derivative assets            
Other derivative instruments:            
Commodity trading $2
 $22
 $
 $24
 $(15) $9
Electric commodity 
 
 32
 32
 (2) 30
Total current derivative assets$2
 $22
 $32
 $56
 $(17) 39
PPAs (a)
           5
Current derivative instruments           $44
Noncurrent derivative assets            
Other derivative instruments:  
  
  
  
  
  
Commodity trading $
 $31
 $5
 $36
 $(7) $29
Total noncurrent derivative assets$
 $31
 $5
 $36
 $(7) 29
PPAs (a)
           19
Noncurrent derivative instruments           $48

 Dec. 31, 2016 Dec. 31, 2017
 Fair Value Fair Value Total 
Counterparty Netting (b)
 Total Fair Value Fair Value Total 
Counterparty Netting (b)
 Total
(Thousands of Dollars) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
(Millions of Dollars) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair Value Total 
Counterparty Netting (b)
 Total
Current derivative liabilities                   
Other derivative instruments:                        
Commodity trading $13,787
 $11,320
 $22
 $25,129
 $(20,974) $4,155
 $2
 $18
 $
 $20
 $(15) $5
Electric commodity 
 
 1,976
 1,976
 (1,976) 
 
 
 2
 2
 (2) 
Natural gas commodity 
 1
 
 1
 
 1
Total current derivative liabilities $13,787
 $11,320
 $1,998
 $27,105
 $(22,950) 4,155
 $2
 $19
 $2
 $23
 $(17) 6
PPAs (a)
           22,804
           23
Current derivative instruments           $26,959
           $29
Noncurrent derivative liabilities                        
Other derivative instruments:                        
Commodity trading $89
 $23,424
 $
 $23,513
 $(10,727) $12,786
 $
 $24
 $
 $24
 $(10) $14
Total noncurrent derivative liabilities $89
 $23,424
 $
 $23,513
 $(10,727) 12,786
 $
 $24
 $
 $24
 $(10) 14
PPAs (a)
           135,360
           112
Noncurrent derivative instruments           $148,146
           $126

(a) 
During 2006, Xcel Energy qualified these contracts under the normal purchase exception. Based on this qualification, the contracts are no longer adjusted to fair value and the previous carrying value of these contracts will be amortized over the remaining contract lives along with the offsetting regulatory assets and liabilities.
(b) 
Xcel Energy nets derivative instruments and related collateral in its consolidated balance sheet when supported by a legally enforceable master netting agreement, and all derivative instruments and related collateral amounts were subject to master netting agreements at Dec. 31, 2016.2017. At Dec. 31, 2016,2017, derivative assets and liabilities include no obligations to return cash collateral and rights to reclaim cash collateral of $3.7$3 million. The counterparty netting amounts presented exclude settlement receivables and payables and non-derivative amounts that may be subject to the same master netting agreements.


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Table of Contents


The following table presents the changes in Level 3 commodity derivatives for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and 2016:2017:
     
  Three Months Ended June 30
(Thousands of Dollars) 2017 2016
Balance at April 1 $5,836
 $6,854
Purchases 76,281
 29,826
Settlements (22,272) (14,111)
Net transactions recorded during the period:    
Gains (losses) recognized in earnings (a)
 6,016
 (18)
Net gains recognized as regulatory assets and liabilities 3,376
 1,966
Balance at June 30 $69,237
 $24,517
     
  Six Months Ended June 30
(Thousands of Dollars) 2017 2016
Balance at Jan. 1 $17,253
 $18,028
Purchases 80,073
 31,670
Settlements (42,074) (26,161)
Net transactions recorded during the period:    
Gains (losses) recognized in earnings (a)
 5,221
 (43)
Net gains recognized as regulatory assets and liabilities 8,764
 1,023
Balance at June 30 $69,237
 $24,517
     
  Three Months Ended March 31
(Millions of Dollars) 2018 2017
Balance at Jan. 1 $35
 $17
Purchases 1
 4
Settlements (12) (20)
Net transactions recorded during the period:    
Gains recognized in earnings (a)
 2
 
Net (losses) gains recognized as regulatory assets and liabilities (7) 5
Balance at March 31 $19
 $6
     

(a) 
These amounts relate to commodity derivatives held at the end of the period.

Xcel Energy recognizes transfers between levels as of the beginning of each period. There were no transfers of amounts between levels for derivative instruments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and 2016.2017.


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Table of Contents


Fair Value of Long-Term Debt

As of June 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and Dec. 31, 2016,2017, other financial instruments for which the carrying amount did not equal fair value were as follows:
 June 30, 2017 Dec. 31, 2016 March 31, 2018 Dec. 31, 2017
(Thousands of Dollars) Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value
(Millions of Dollars) Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value
Long-term debt, including current portion $14,597,178
 $15,879,594
 $14,450,247
 $15,513,209
 $14,979
 $15,877
 $14,976
 $16,531

The fair value of Xcel Energy’s long-term debt is estimated based on recent trades and observable spreads from benchmark interest rates for similar securities. The fair value estimates are based on information available to management as of June 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and Dec. 31, 2016,2017, and given the observability of the inputs to these estimates, the fair values presented for long-term debt have been assigned a Level 2.

9.Other Income, Net

Other income, net consisted of the following:
 Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30 Three Months Ended March 31
(Thousands of Dollars) 2017 2016 2017 2016
(Millions of Dollars) 2018 2017
Interest income $2,107
 $984
 $5,907
 $5,054
 $5
 $4
Other nonoperating income 1,523
 1,496
 5,168
 2,176
 1
 4
Benefits non-service cost (5) (6)
Insurance policy expense (1,022) (920) (2,021) (1,420) 
 (1)
Other income, net $2,608
 $1,560
 $9,054
 $5,810
 $1
 $1

10.Segment Information

The regulated electric utility operating results of NSP-Minnesota, NSP-Wisconsin, PSCo and SPS, as well as the regulated natural gas utility operating results of NSP-Minnesota, NSP-Wisconsin and PSCo are each separately and regularly reviewed by Xcel Energy’s chief operating decision maker. Xcel Energy evaluates performance by each utility subsidiary based on profit or loss generated from the product or service provided. These segments are managed separately because the revenue streams are dependent upon regulated rate recovery, which is separately determined for each segment.

Xcel Energy has the following reportable segments: regulated electric utility, regulated natural gas utility and all other.

Xcel Energy’s regulated electric utility segment generates, transmits and distributes electricity primarily in portions of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, North Dakota, South Dakota, Colorado, Texas and New Mexico. In addition, this segment includes sales for resale and provides wholesale transmission service to various entities in the United States. Regulated electric utility also includes commodity trading operations.
Xcel Energy’s regulated natural gas utility segment transports, stores and distributes natural gas primarily in portions of Minnesota, Wisconsin, North Dakota, Michigan and Colorado.
Revenues from operating segments not included above are below the necessary quantitative thresholds and are therefore included in the all other category. Those primarily include steam revenue, appliance repair services, nonutility real estate activities, revenues associated with processing solid waste into refuse-derived fuel and investments in rental housing projects that qualify for low-income housing tax credits.

Xcel Energy had equity investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries of $133.2$141 million and $132.8$140 million as of June 30, 2017March 31, 2018 and Dec. 31, 2016,2017, respectively, included in the regulated natural gas utility segment.

Asset and capital expenditure information is not provided for Xcel Energy’s reportable segments because as an integrated electric and natural gas utility, Xcel Energy operates significant assets that are not dedicated to a specific business segment, and reporting assets and capital expenditures by business segment would require arbitrary and potentially misleading allocations which may not necessarily reflect the assets that would be required for the operation of the business segments on a stand-alone basis.

To report income from operations for regulated electric and regulated natural gas utility segments, the majority of costs are directly assigned to each segment. However, some costs, such as common depreciation, common O&Moperating and maintenance (O&M) expenses and interest expense are allocated based on cost causation allocators. A general allocator is used for certain general and administrative expenses, including office supplies, rent, property insurance and general advertising.

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Table of Contents


(Thousands of Dollars) Regulated Electric Regulated Natural Gas All Other Reconciling Eliminations Consolidated Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2017          
(Millions of Dollars) Regulated Electric Regulated Natural Gas All Other Reconciling Eliminations Consolidated Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018          
Operating revenues from external customers $2,338,017
 $289,839
 $17,072
 $
 $2,644,928
 $2,270
 $662
 $19
 $
 $2,951
Intersegment revenues 433
 285
 
 (718) 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenues $2,338,450
 $290,124
 $17,072
 $(718) $2,644,928
 $2,270
 $662
 $19
 $
 $2,951
Net income (loss) $227,562
 $13,166
 $(13,472) $
 $227,256
 $219
 $95
 $(22) $(1) $291
          
(Thousands of Dollars) Regulated Electric Regulated Natural Gas All Other Reconciling Eliminations Consolidated Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2016          
(Millions of Dollars) Regulated Electric Regulated Natural Gas All Other Reconciling Eliminations Consolidated Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017          
Operating revenues from external customers $2,224,142
 $258,899
 $16,808
 $
 $2,499,849
 $2,299
 $626
 $21
 $
 $2,946
Intersegment revenues 421
 241
 
 (662) 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenues $2,224,563
 $259,140
 $16,808
 $(662) $2,499,849
 $2,299
 $626
 $21
 $
 $2,946
Net income (loss) $205,440
 $11,933
 $(20,578) $
 $196,795
 $194
 $63
 $(18) $
 $239
          
(Thousands of Dollars) Regulated Electric Regulated Natural Gas All Other Reconciling Eliminations Consolidated Total
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017          
Operating revenues from external customers $4,637,077
 $915,542
 $38,731
 $
 $5,591,350
Intersegment revenues 730
 549
 
 (1,279) 
Total revenues $4,637,807
 $916,091
 $38,731
 $(1,279) $5,591,350
Net income (loss) $421,715
 $76,093
 $(31,275) $
 $466,533
(Thousands of Dollars) Regulated Electric Regulated Natural Gas All Other Reconciling Eliminations Consolidated Total
Six Months Ended June 30, 2016          
Operating revenues from external customers $4,409,261
 $824,588
 $38,273
 $
 $5,272,122
Intersegment revenues 756
 528
 
 (1,284) 
Total revenues $4,410,017
 $825,116
 $38,273
 $(1,284) $5,272,122
Net income (loss) $383,677
 $90,271
 $(35,841) $
 $438,107

11.Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share (EPS) was computed by dividing the earnings available to Xcel Energy Inc.’s common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS was computed by dividing the earnings available to Xcel Energy Inc.’s common shareholders by the diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other agreements to issue common stock (i.e., common stock equivalents) were settled. The weighted average number of potentially dilutive shares outstanding used to calculate Xcel Energy Inc.’s diluted EPS is calculated using the treasury stock method.

Common Stock Equivalents Xcel Energy Inc. currently has common stock equivalents related to certain equity awards in share-based compensation arrangements.

Common stock equivalents causing a dilutive impact to EPS include commitments to issue common stock related to time based equity compensation awards.

Stock equivalent units granted to Xcel Energy Inc.’s Board of Directors are included in common shares outstanding upon grant date as there is no further service, performance or market condition associated with these awards. Restricted stock, granted to settle amounts due to certain employees under the Xcel Energy Inc. Executive Annual Incentive Award Plan, is included in common shares outstanding when granted.


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Share-based compensation arrangements for which there is currently no dilutive impact to EPS include the following:

Equity awards subject to a performance condition; included in common shares outstanding when all necessary conditions for settlement have been satisfied by the end of the reporting period.
Liability awards subject to a performance condition; any portions settled in shares are included in common shares outstanding upon settlement.


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The dilutive impact of common stock equivalents affecting EPS was as follows:
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 Three Months Ended June 30, 2016 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
(Amounts in thousands, except per share data) Income Shares Per Share
Amount
 Income Shares Per Share
Amount
(Amounts in millions, except per share data) Income Shares Per Share
Amount
 Income Shares Per Share
Amount
Net income $227,256
 
 
 $196,795
 
 
 $291
 
 
 $239
 
 
Basic EPS:  
  
  
  
      
  
  
  
    
Earnings available to common shareholders 227,256
 508,542
 $0.45
 196,795
 508,930
 $0.39
 291
 509.0
 $0.57
 239
 508.3
 $0.47
Effect of dilutive securities:  
    
  
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
Time based equity awards 
 593
 
 
 560
 
Equity awards 
 0.5
 
 
 0.5
 
Diluted EPS:  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Earnings available to common shareholders $227,256
 509,135
 $0.45
 $196,795
 509,490
 $0.39
 $291
 509.5
 $0.57
 $239
 508.8
 $0.47
                        
  Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
(Amounts in thousands, except per share data) Income Shares Per Share
Amount
 Income Shares Per Share
Amount
Net income $466,533
 
 
 $438,107
 
 
Basic EPS:  
  
  
  
    
Earnings available to common shareholders 466,533
 508,411
 $0.92
 438,107
 508,789
 $0.86
Effect of dilutive securities:  
  
  
  
  
  
Time based equity awards 
 544
 
 
 522
 
Diluted EPS:  
  
  
  
  
  
Earnings available to common shareholders $466,533
 508,955
 $0.92
 $438,107
 509,311
 $0.86
             

12.Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits

Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit)
 Three Months Ended June 30 Three Months Ended March 31
 2017 2016 2017 2016 2018 2017 2018 2017
(Thousands of Dollars) Pension Benefits Postretirement Health
Care Benefits
(Millions of Dollars) Pension Benefits Postretirement Health
Care Benefits
Service cost $23,547
 $22,945
 $465
 $431
 $24
 $24
 $1
 $1
Interest cost(a) 36,702
 40,028
 5,984
 6,526
 33
 36
 5
 6
Expected return on plan assets(a) (52,318) (52,575) (6,155) (6,248) (52) (52) (6) (6)
Amortization of prior service credit(a) (442) (477) (2,672) (2,671) (1) 
 (3) (3)
Amortization of net loss(a) 26,671
 24,385
 1,672
 1,009
 27
 26
 2
 1
Net periodic benefit cost (credit) 34,160
 34,306
 (706) (953) 31
 34
 (1) (1)
Costs not recognized due to the effects of regulation (3,899) (4,159) 
 
 
 (4) 
 
Net benefit cost (credit) recognized for financial reporting $30,261
 $30,147
 $(706) $(953) $31
 $30
 $(1) $(1)
                

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  Six Months Ended June 30
  2017 2016 2017 2016
(Thousands of Dollars) Pension Benefits Postretirement Health
Care Benefits
Service cost $47,094
 $45,865
 $930
 $863
Interest cost 73,404
 80,051
 11,968
 13,053
Expected return on plan assets (104,635) (105,150) (12,311) (12,497)
Amortization of prior service credit (884) (961) (5,343) (5,343)
Amortization of net loss 53,341
 48,770
 3,344
 2,020
Net periodic benefit cost (credit) 68,320
 68,575
 (1,412) (1,904)
Costs not recognized due to the effects of regulation (7,914) (8,611) 
 
Net benefit cost (credit) recognized for financial reporting $60,406
 $59,964
 $(1,412) $(1,904)
(a)
The components of net periodic cost other than the service cost component are included in the line item “other income, net” in the income statement or capitalized on the balance sheet as a regulatory asset.

In January 2017,2018, contributions of $150.0$150 million were made across four of Xcel Energy’s pension plans. Xcel Energy does not expect additional pension contributions during 2017.2018.

13.Other Comprehensive IncomeLoss

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income,loss, net of tax, for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 were as follows:
  Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
(Thousands of Dollars) 
Gains and Losses
on Cash Flow Hedges
 
Unrealized Gains and Losses
on Marketable Securities
 
Defined Benefit Pension and
Postretirement Items
 Total
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at April 1 $(50,326) $110
 $(58,365) $(108,581)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications 26
 1
 
 27
Losses reclassified from net accumulated other comprehensive loss 803
 
 956
 1,759
Net current period other comprehensive income 829
 1
 956
 1,786
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at June 30 $(49,497) $111
 $(57,409) $(106,795)
  Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(Millions of Dollars) 
Gains and Losses
on Cash Flow Hedges
 
Defined Benefit Pension and
Postretirement Items
 Total
Accumulated other comprehensive loss at Jan. 1 $(58) $(67) $(125)
Losses reclassified from net accumulated other comprehensive loss 
 1
 1
Net current period other comprehensive income 
 1
 1
Accumulated other comprehensive loss at March 31 $(58) $(66) $(124)
  Three Months Ended June 30, 2016
(Thousands of Dollars) 
Gains and Losses
on Cash Flow Hedges
 
Unrealized Gains and Losses
on Marketable Securities
 
Defined Benefit Pension and
Postretirement Items
 Total
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at April 1 $(53,928) $110
 $(54,790) $(108,608)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications 12
 
 
 12
Losses reclassified from net accumulated other comprehensive loss 936
 
 865
 1,801
Net current period other comprehensive income 948
 
 865
 1,813
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at June 30 $(52,980) $110
 $(53,925) $(106,795)
  Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
(Millions of Dollars) 
Gains and Losses
on Cash Flow Hedges
 
Defined Benefit Pension and
Postretirement Items
 Total
Accumulated other comprehensive loss at Jan. 1 $(51) $(59) $(110)
Losses reclassified from net accumulated other comprehensive loss 1
 1
 2
Net current period other comprehensive income 1
 1
 2
Accumulated other comprehensive loss at March 31 $(50) $(58) $(108)
  Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
(Thousands of Dollars) 
Gains and Losses
on Cash Flow Hedges
 
Unrealized Gains
on Marketable Securities
 
Defined Benefit Pension and
Postretirement Items
 Total
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at Jan. 1 $(51,151) $110
 $(59,313) $(110,354)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications 26
 1
 
 27
Losses reclassified from net accumulated other comprehensive loss 1,628
 
 1,904
 3,532
Net current period other comprehensive income 1,654
 1
 1,904
 3,559
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at June 30 $(49,497) $111
 $(57,409) $(106,795)

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  Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
(Thousands of Dollars) 
Gains and Losses
on Cash Flow Hedges
 
Unrealized Gains on Marketable Securities
 
Defined Benefit Pension and
Postretirement Items
 Total
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at Jan. 1 $(54,862) $110
 $(55,001) $(109,753)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 8
 
 (653) (645)
Losses reclassified from net accumulated other comprehensive loss 1,874
 
 1,729
 3,603
Net current period other comprehensive income 1,882
 
 1,076
 2,958
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at June 30 $(52,980) $110
 $(53,925) $(106,795)

Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017 and 2016 were as follows:
(Thousands of Dollars) 
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
 Loss
 
(Millions of Dollars) 
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
 Loss
 
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 Three Months Ended June 30, 2016  Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 
Losses (gains) on cash flow hedges:     
Losses on cash flow hedges:     
Interest rate derivatives $1,319
(a) 
$1,483
(a) 
 $
(a) 
$1
(a) 
Vehicle fuel derivatives (5)
(b) 
47
(b) 
Total, pre-tax 1,314
 1,530
 
Tax benefit (511) (594) 
Total, net of tax 803
 936
  
 1
 
Defined benefit pension and postretirement losses:          
Amortization of net loss 1,621
(c) 
1,478
(c) 
 1
(b) 
2
(b) 
Prior service credit (57)
(c) 
(64)
(c) 
Total, pre-tax 1,564
 1,414
  1
 2
 
Tax benefit (608) (549)  
 (1) 
Total, net of tax 956
 865
  1
 1
 
Total amounts reclassified, net of tax $1,759
 $1,801
  $1
 $2
 
  
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated 
Other Comprehensive Loss
 
(Thousands of Dollars) Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 
Losses (gains) on cash flow hedges:     
Interest rate derivatives $2,678
(a) 
$2,968
(a) 
Vehicle fuel derivatives (5)
(b) 
104
(b) 
Total, pre-tax 2,673
 3,072
 
Tax benefit (1,045) (1,198) 
Total, net of tax 1,628
 1,874
 
Defined benefit pension and postretirement losses:     
Amortization of net loss 3,244
(c) 
2,956
(c) 
Prior service credit (117)
(c) 
(128)
(c) 
Total, pre-tax 3,127
 2,828
 
Tax benefit (1,223) (1,099) 
Total, net of tax 1,904
 1,729
 
Total amounts reclassified, net of tax $3,532
 $3,603
 
(a) 
Included in interest charges.charges
(b)
Included in O&M expenses.
(c) 
Included in the computation of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs. See Note 12 for details regarding these benefit plans.

14. Revenues

Xcel Energy principally generates revenue from the transmission, distribution and sale of electricity and the transportation, distribution and sale of natural gas to wholesale and retail customers. Performance obligations related to the sale of energy are satisfied as energy is delivered to customers. Xcel Energy recognizes revenue in an amount that corresponds directly to the price of the energy delivered to the customer. The measurement of energy sales to customers is generally based on the reading of their meters, which occurs on a systematic basis throughout the month. At the end of each month, amounts of energy delivered to customers since the date of the last meter reading are estimated, and the corresponding unbilled revenue is recognized. Contract terms are generally short-term in nature, and as such Xcel Energy does not recognize a separate financing component of its collections from customers. Xcel Energy presents its revenues net of any excise or other fiduciary-type taxes or fees.

NSP-Minnesota participates in MISO, and SPS participates in SPP. Xcel Energy’s utility subsidiaries recognize sales to both native load and other end use customers on a gross basis in electric revenue and cost of sales. Revenues and charges for short term wholesale sales of excess energy transacted through RTOs are also recorded on a gross basis. Other revenues and charges related to participating and transacting in RTOs are recorded on a net basis in cost of sales.

Xcel Energy Inc.’s utility subsidiaries have various rate-adjustment mechanisms in place that provide for the recovery of natural gas, electric fuel and purchased energy costs. These cost-adjustment tariffs may increase or decrease the level of revenue collected from customers and are revised periodically for differences between the total amount collected under the clauses and the costs incurred. When applicable, under governing regulatory commission rate orders, fuel cost over-recoveries (the excess of fuel revenue billed to customers over fuel costs incurred) are deferred as regulatory liabilities and under-recoveries (the excess of fuel costs incurred over fuel revenues billed to customers) are deferred as regulatory assets.

Certain rate rider mechanisms qualify as alternative revenue programs under GAAP. These mechanisms arise from costs imposed upon the utility by action of a regulator or legislative body related to an environmental, public safety or other mandate. When certain criteria are met (including collection within 24 months), revenue is recognized equal to the revenue requirement, which may include return on rate base items and incentives. The mechanisms are revised periodically for differences between the total amount collected and the revenue recognized, which may increase or decrease the level of revenue collected from customers. Alternative revenue is recorded on a gross basis and is disclosed separate from revenue from contracts with customers in the period earned.


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In the following tables, revenue is classified by the type of goods/services rendered and market/customer type. The tables also reconcile revenue to the reportable segments.
  Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(Millions of Dollars) Regulated Electric Regulated Natural Gas All Other Total
Major revenue types        
Revenue from contracts with customers:        
Residential $687
 $390
 $9
 $1,086
Commercial and industrial (C&I) 1,112
 207
 7
 1,326
Other 33
 
 1
 34
Total retail 1,832
 597
 17
 2,446
Wholesale 188
 
 
 188
Transmission 123
 
 
 123
Other 39
 28
 
 67
Total revenue from contracts with customers 2,182
 625
 17
 2,824
Alternative revenue and other 88
 37
 2
 127
Total revenues $2,270
 $662
 $19
 $2,951

  Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
(Millions of Dollars) Regulated Electric Regulated Natural Gas All Other Total
Major revenue types        
Revenue from contracts with customers:        
Residential $685
 $374
 $8
 $1,067
C&I 1,148
 195
 9
 1,352
Other 32
 
 1
 33
Total retail 1,865
 569
 18
 2,452
Wholesale 181
 
 
 181
Transmission 121
 
 
 121
Other 25
 25
 
 50
Total revenue from contracts with customers 2,192
 594
 18
 2,804
Alternative revenue and other 107
 32
 3
 142
Total revenues $2,299
 $626
 $21
 $2,946

Item 2 — MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis by management focuses on those factors that had a material effect on Xcel Energy’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows during the periods presented, or are expected to have a material impact in the future. It should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and the related notes to consolidated financial statements. Due to the seasonality of Xcel Energy’s operating results, quarterly financial results are not an appropriate base from which to project annual results.


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Forward-Looking Statements

Except for the historical statements contained in this report, the matters discussed herein, are forward-looking statements that are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Such forward-looking statements, including our 20172018 earnings per share
guidance, the TCJA’s impact to Xcel Energy and its customers, long-term earnings per share and dividend growth rate, as well as assumptions and other statements are intended to be identified in this document by the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “objective,” “outlook,” “plan,” “project,” “possible,” “potential,” “should”“should,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions. Actual results may vary materially. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we expressly disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking information. The following factors, in addition to those discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in other securities filings (including Xcel Energy’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2016,2017, and subsequent securities filings,filings), could cause actual results to differ materially from management expectations as suggested by such forward-looking information: general economic conditions, including inflation rates, monetary fluctuations and their impact on capital expenditures and the ability of Xcel Energy Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, Xcel Energy) to obtain financing on favorable terms; business conditions in the energy industry; including the risk of a slow down in the U.S. economy or delay in growth, recovery, trade, fiscal, taxation and environmental policies in areas where Xcel Energy has a financial interest; customer business conditions; actions of credit rating agencies; competitive factors including the extent and timing of the entry of additional competition in the markets served by Xcel Energy and its subsidiaries;Energy; unusual weather; effects of geopolitical events, including war and acts of terrorism; cyber security threats and data security breaches; state, federal and foreign legislative and regulatory initiatives that affect cost and investment recovery, have an impact on rates or have an impact on asset operation or ownership or impose environmental compliance conditions; structures that affect the speed and degree to which competition enters the electric and natural gas markets; costs and other effects of legal and administrative proceedings, settlements, investigations and claims; financial or regulatory accounting policies imposed by regulatory bodies; outcomes of regulatory proceedings; availability or cost of capital; and employee work force factors.

Non-GAAP Financial ReviewMeasures

The following discussion includes financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP, as well as certain non-GAAP financial measures such as electric margin, natural gas margin, ongoing earnings and ongoing diluted EPS.  Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s financial performance, financial position or cash flows that excludes (or includes) amounts that are adjusted from the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Xcel Energy’s management uses non-GAAP measures internally for financial planning and analysis, for reporting of results to the Board of Directors, in determining whether performance targets are met for performance-based compensation, and when communicating its earnings outlook to analysts and investors. Non-GAAP financial measures are intended to supplement investors’ understanding of our operating performance and should not be considered alternatives for financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP. These measures are discussed in more detail below and may not be comparable to other companies’ similarly titled non-GAAP financial measures.

Electric and Natural Gas Margins

Electric margin is presented as electric revenues less electric fuel and purchased power expenses and natural gas margin is presented as natural gas revenues less the cost of natural gas sold and transported. Expenses incurred for electric fuel and purchased power and the cost of natural gas sold and transported are generally recovered through various regulatory recovery mechanisms, and as a result, changes in these expenses are generally offset in operating revenues. Management believes electric and natural gas margins provide the most meaningful basis for evaluating our operations because they exclude the revenue impact of fluctuations in these expenses. These margins can be reconciled to operating income, a GAAP measure, by including other operating revenues, cost of sales - other, O&M expenses, conservation and demand side management (DSM) expenses, depreciation and amortization and taxes (other than income taxes).


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Earnings Adjusted for Certain Items (Ongoing Earnings and Diluted EPS)

Ongoing earnings reflect adjustments to GAAP earnings (net income) for certain items. Ongoing diluted EPS is calculated by dividing the net income or loss attributable to the controlling interest of each subsidiary, adjusted for certain items, by the weighted average fully diluted Xcel Energy Inc. common shares outstanding for the period. We use these non-GAAP financial measures to evaluate and provide details of Xcel Energy’s core earnings and underlying performance. We believe these measurements are useful to investors to evaluate the actual and projected financial performance and contribution of our subsidiaries. For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, there were no such adjustments to GAAP earnings and therefore GAAP earnings equal ongoing earnings for these periods.

Results of Operations

The only common equity securities that are publicly traded are common shares of Xcel Energy Inc. The diluted earnings and EPS of each subsidiary discussed below do not represent a direct legal interest in the assets and liabilities allocated to such subsidiary but rather represent a direct interest in our assets and liabilities as a whole. Ongoing

The following table summarizes GAAP and ongoing diluted EPS for Xcel EnergyEnergy:
  Three Months Ended March 31
Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share 2018 2017
PSCo $0.26
 $0.22
NSP-Minnesota 0.22
 0.19
SPS 0.07
 0.05
NSP-Wisconsin 0.06
 0.04
Equity earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries 0.01
 0.01
Regulated utility 0.62
 0.51
Xcel Energy Inc. and other (0.05) (0.04)
Total $0.57
 $0.47

Summary of Earnings

Explanations below exclude the offsetting impacts on sales and income tax expense of the TCJA.
Xcel Energy Xcel Energy’s earnings increased $0.10 per share for the first quarter of 2018. Increased electric and natural gas margins (excluding the impact of the TCJA), which reflect favorable weather compared to last year, timing of O&M expenses and an increased allowance for funds used during construction (AFUDC) were partially offset by subsidiary is a financial measure not recognized under GAAP. Ongoing diluted EPS is calculatedhigher depreciation and interest expenses.

PSCo — Earnings increased $0.04 per share for the first quarter of 2018. The increase in earnings was driven by dividing the net income or loss attributablehigher natural gas margins (due to the controlling interestimpact of each subsidiary, adjusted for certainan interim rate increase, subject to refund, and favorable weather) and increased AFUDC primarily related to the Rush Creek wind project. These items were partially offset by the weighted average fully diluted Xcel Energy Inc. common shares outstandinghigher depreciation expense.

NSP-Minnesota — Earnings increased $0.03 per share for the period. We use this non-GAAP financial measurefirst quarter of 2018. The increase reflects lower O&M expenses and higher natural gas margins due to evaluatefavorable weather. These positive factors were partially offset by higher depreciation expense due to increased invested capital.

SPS — Earnings increased by $0.02 per share for the first quarter of 2018, largely due to timing of O&M expenses, the favorable impact of weather and provide detailslower interest expense.

NSP-Wisconsin — Earnings increased $0.02 per share for the first quarter of Xcel Energy’s core earnings2018. The increase was driven by higher natural gas and underlying performance. We believe this measurement is usefulelectric rates and the impact of favorable weather, partially offset by additional depreciation and amortization expense related to investors in facilitating period over period comparisons and evaluating or projecting financial results. This non-GAAP financial measure should not be considered as an alternative to measures calculated and reported in accordance with GAAP.higher invested capital.


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Results of Operations

The following table summarizes diluted EPS for Xcel Energy:
  Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share 2017 2016 2017 2016
PSCo $0.20
 $0.17
 $0.42
 $0.40
NSP-Minnesota 0.17
 0.15
 0.36
 0.34
SPS 0.07
 0.06
 0.12
 0.11
NSP-Wisconsin 0.03
 0.02
 0.07
 0.06
Equity earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries 0.01
 0.01
 0.02
 0.03
Regulated utility (a)
 0.48
 0.42
 0.99
 0.93
Xcel Energy Inc. and other (0.03) (0.04) (0.07) (0.07)
GAAP diluted EPS (a)
 $0.45
 $0.39
 $0.92
 $0.86

(a)
Amounts may not add due to rounding.

Earnings Adjusted for Certain Items (Ongoing Earnings)
Ongoing earnings reflect adjustments toChanges in GAAP earnings for certain items. Xcel Energy’s management believes that ongoing earnings provide a meaningful comparison of earnings results and is representative of Xcel Energy’s fundamental core earnings power. Xcel Energy’s management uses ongoing earnings internally for financial planning and analysis, for reporting of results to the Board of Directors, in determining whether performance targets are met for performance-based compensation, and when communicating its earnings outlook to analysts and investors.
Summary of Earnings
Xcel Energy Xcel Energy’s earnings increased $0.06 per share for the second quarter of 2017 and year-to-date. Earnings for the second quarter of 2017 increased due to higher electric and natural gas margins to recover infrastructure investments, along with a lower effective tax rate and lower operating and maintenance (O&M) expenses, partially offset by higher depreciation.

PSCo — Earnings increased $0.03 per share for the second quarter of 2017 and $0.02 per share year-to-date. The year-to-date increase in earnings was driven by higher electric and natural gas margins and lower O&M expenses, partially offset by increased depreciation.

NSP-Minnesota — Earnings increased $0.02 per share for the second quarter of 2017 and year-to-date. The year-to-date increase in earnings was due to higher electric margins driven by the rate case in Minnesota, as well as increased natural gas margins, non-fuel riders and lower O&M expenses, partially offset by increased depreciation.

SPS — Earnings increased $0.01 per share for the second quarter of 2017 and year-to-date. The year-to-date increase in earnings was due to the positive impact of rate increases in Texas and New Mexico, which was partially offset by increased depreciation and timing of O&M expenses.

NSP-Wisconsin — Earnings increased $0.01 per share for the second quarter of 2017 and year-to-date. The year-to-date increase in earnings was driven by higher electric margins primarily due to rate increases, which were partially offset by additional depreciation.

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Changes inOngoing Diluted EPS
 
The following table summarizes significant components contributing to the changes in 20172018 EPS compared with the same period in 2016:2017:
Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
2016 GAAP diluted EPS $0.39
 $0.86
     
Components of change — 2017 vs. 2016    
Higher electric margins 0.06
 0.12
Lower ETR (a)
 0.02
 0.04
Higher natural gas margins 0.01
 0.02
Lower O&M expenses 0.02
 0.01
Higher depreciation and amortization (0.05) (0.11)
Higher conservation and DSM expenses (offset by higher revenues) (0.01) (0.02)
Other, net 0.01
 
2017 GAAP diluted EPS $0.45
 $0.92
Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share Three Months Ended March 31
GAAP and ongoing diluted EPS — 2017 $0.47
   
Components of change — 2018 vs. 2017  
Higher electric margins (excluding TCJA impacts) (a)
 0.04
Higher natural gas margins (excluding TCJA impacts) (a)
 0.04
Lower O&M expenses 0.03
Higher AFUDC — equity 0.02
Lower ETR (excluding TCJA impacts) (a) (b)
 0.01
Higher depreciation and amortization (0.02)
Higher interest charges (0.01)
Other, net (0.01)
GAAP and ongoing diluted EPS — 2018 $0.57
   
 (a) TCJA impact:
  
Income tax - rate change $0.10
Electric revenue reductions (0.08)
Gas revenue reductions (0.01)
Holding company - interest expense (0.01)
Total $

(a) (b)The ETR includes the impact of an additional $4 million of wind PTCs for the three months ended March 31, 2018, which are largely flowed back to customers through electric margin.
Lower ETR includes the impact of $4.8 million and $8.8 million of wind production tax credits (PTCs) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, which are largely flowed back to customers through electric margin.


Statement of Income Analysis

The following discussion summarizes the items that affected the individual revenue and expense items reported in the consolidated statements of income.

Estimated Impact of Temperature Changes on Regulated Earnings Unusually hot summers or cold winters increase electric and natural gas sales, while mild weather reduces electric and natural gas sales. The estimated impact of weather on earnings is based on the number of customers, temperature variances and the amount of natural gas or electricity the average customer historically usesused per degree of temperature. Accordingly,Weather deviations in weather from normal levels can affect Xcel Energy’s financial performance.

Degree-day or Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) data is used to estimate amounts of energy required to maintain comfortable indoor temperature levels based on each day’s average temperature and humidity. Heating degree-days (HDD) is the measure of the variation in the weather based on the extent to which the average daily temperature falls below 65° Fahrenheit. Cooling degree-days (CDD) is the measure of the variation in the weather based on the extent to which the average daily temperature rises above 65° Fahrenheit. Each degree of temperature above 65° Fahrenheit is counted as one CDD, and each degree of temperature below 65° Fahrenheit is counted as one HDD. In Xcel Energy’s more humid service territories, a THI is used in place of CDD, which adds a humidity factor to CDD. HDD, CDD and THI are most likely to impact the usage of Xcel Energy’s residential and commercial customers. Industrial customers are less sensitive to weather.

Normal weather conditions are defined as either the 20-year or 30-year average of actual historical weather conditions. The historical period of time used in the calculation of normal weather differs by jurisdiction, based on regulatory practice. To calculate the impact of weather on demand, a demand factor is applied to the weather impact on sales as defined above to derive the amount of demand associated with the weather impact.sales.


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There was no impact on sales for the first quarter of 2018 due to THI or CDD. The percentage increase (decrease) in normal and actual HDD CDD and THI is provided in the following table:
 Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
 2017 vs.
Normal
 2016 vs.
Normal
 2017 vs.
2016
 2017 vs.
Normal
 2016 vs.
Normal
 2017 vs.
2016
HDD(9.8)% (3.7)% (7.2)% (8.5)% (11.5)% 2.3 %
CDD5.4
 1.7
 3.7
 7.4
 1.7
 5.5
THI(3.9) 15.8
 (16.1) (6.9) 15.4
 (21.4)


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 Three Months Ended March 31
 2018 vs.
Normal
 2017 vs.
Normal
 2018 vs.
2017
HDD0.3% (14.4)% 16.0%

Weather The following table summarizes the estimated impact of temperature variations on EPS compared with sales under normal weather conditions:
 Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
 2017 vs.
Normal
 2016 vs.
Normal
 2017 vs.
2016
 2017 vs.
Normal
 2016 vs.
Normal
 2017 vs.
2016
Retail electric$0.005
 $0.013
 $(0.008) $(0.021) $(0.004) $(0.017)
Firm natural gas(0.002) 
 (0.002) (0.020) (0.013) (0.007)
Total (excluding decoupling)$0.003
 $0.013
 $(0.010) $(0.041) $(0.017) $(0.024)
Decoupling - Minnesota
 (0.007) 0.007
 0.009
 (0.001) 0.010
Total (adjusted for recovery from decoupling)$0.003
 $0.006
 $(0.003) $(0.032) $(0.018) $(0.014)
 Three Months Ended March 31
 2018 vs.
Normal
 2017 vs.
Normal
 2018 vs.
2017
Retail electric$0.003
 $(0.025) $0.028
Firm natural gas0.003
 (0.018) 0.021
Total (before adjustments for decoupling)$0.006
 $(0.043) $0.049
Decoupling  Minnesota
(0.002) 0.008
 (0.010)
Total (adjusted for decoupling)$0.004
 $(0.035) $0.039


Sales Growth (Decline) — The following tables summarize Xcel Energy and its subsidiaries’ sales growth (decline) for actual and weather-normalized sales in 20172018 compared to the same period in 2016:2017:
 Three Months Ended June 30 Three Months Ended March 31
 PSCo NSP-Minnesota SPS NSP-Wisconsin Xcel Energy PSCo NSP-Minnesota SPS NSP-Wisconsin Xcel Energy
Actual                    
Electric residential (a)
 (1.5)% (1.4)% 6.4% 0.7% (0.3)% 1.5% 3.7% 7.7% 5.4% 3.5%
Electric commercial and industrial 2.6
 (0.9) 2.5
 3.4
 1.3
 1.7
 0.4
 5.2
 4.9
 2.3
Total retail electric sales 1.4
 (1.1) 3.1
 2.7
 0.9
 1.6
 1.4
 5.8
 5.0
 2.7
Firm natural gas sales (8.5) 3.6
 N/A
 4.2
 (4.7) 12.8
 17.0
 N/A
 16.7
 14.5
  Three Months Ended June 30
  PSCo NSP-Minnesota SPS NSP-Wisconsin Xcel Energy
Weather-normalized          
Electric residential (a)
 (0.3)% 0.8 % 0.8% 2.3% 0.5 %
Electric commercial and industrial 3.0
 (0.4) 2.3
 3.7
 1.5
Total retail electric sales 2.0
 (0.1) 1.9
 3.4
 1.3
Firm natural gas sales (3.9) 4.6
 N/A
 3.3
 (1.2)
  Six Months Ended June 30
  PSCo NSP-Minnesota SPS NSP-Wisconsin Xcel Energy
Actual          
Electric residential (a)
 (1.6)% (1.2)% (2.3)% (0.5)% (1.5)%
Electric commercial and industrial 0.5
 (1.0) 1.6
 1.5
 0.3
Total retail electric sales (0.1) (1.1) 0.8
 0.8
 (0.2)
Firm natural gas sales (6.8) 4.0
 N/A
 3.7
 (2.9)
  Six Months Ended June 30
  PSCo NSP-Minnesota SPS NSP-Wisconsin Xcel Energy
Weather-normalized          
Electric residential (a)
 (0.6)% 0.1 % (1.5)% 0.9% (0.3)%
Electric commercial and industrial 0.7
 (0.5) 1.4
 1.6
 0.5
Total retail electric sales 0.3
 (0.4) 0.7
 1.3
 0.2
Firm natural gas sales (1.0) 4.2
 N/A
 3.3
 0.9

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           Three Months Ended March 31
 
Six Months Ended June 30 (Excluding Leap Day) (b)
 PSCo NSP-Minnesota SPS NSP-Wisconsin Xcel Energy
 PSCo NSP-Minnesota SPS NSP-Wisconsin Xcel Energy
Weather-normalized - adjusted for
leap day
          
Weather-normalized          
Electric residential (a)
  % 0.7% (0.9)% 1.5% 0.3% (0.4)% (1.3)% 1.2% (1.3)% (0.6)%
Electric commercial and industrial 1.2
 
 1.9
 2.1
 1.0
 1.6
 (0.6) 4.9
 4.3
 1.8
Total retail electric sales 0.9
 0.2
 1.2
 1.9
 0.8
 0.9
 (0.8) 4.3
 2.5
 1.1
Firm natural gas sales (0.2) 5.1
 N/A
 4.2
 1.7
 2.0
 1.0
 N/A
 2.1
 1.7

(a) 
Extreme weather variations, and additional factors such as windchill and cloud cover may not be reflected in weather-normalized and actual growth (decline) estimates.
(b)
The estimated impact of the 2016 leap day is excluded to present a more comparable year-over-year presentation. The estimated impact of the additional day of sales in 2016 was approximately 50-60 basis points for retail electric and 80-90 basis points for firm natural gas for the six months ended.

Weather-normalized Electric Sales Growth (Decline) — Year-To-Date Excluding Leap Day

PSCo’s flatdecline in residential sales reflect an increased number of customers andreflects lower use per customer. The commercial and industrial (C&I)customer, partially offset by customer additions. C&I growth was mainly due to an increase in C&I customers and higher use per customer for both small and large C&I customers. The growth was primarily led by large customers that support the metal mining oil and gas industries.industries, which were partially reduced by lower use for the small C&I class.
NSP-Minnesota’s residential sales growth reflects customer additions, partially offset bydecrease was a result of lower use per customer. Flat C&I sales resulted from lower sales to small customers,customer, partially offset by customer growth. IncreasedThe decline in C&I sales was largely due to reduced usage, which offset an increase in the number of customers. Declines in service related industries offset increased sales to large customers in the manufacturing and energy industries offset smaller declines in services and air transportation.industries.
SPS’ residential fellsales grew largely due to lower use per customer. C&I sales growth reflects higher use per customer and customer additions. The increase in C&I sales was driven by the oil and natural gas industry in the Permian Basin.
NSP-Wisconsin’s residential sales increasedecline was primarily attributable to higherlower use per customer andpartially offset by customer additions. The C&I growth was largely due to higher use per customerincreased sales to small and an increase in small customers in thelarge sand mining industry.and energy industry customers.




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Weather-normalized Natural Gas Sales Growth (Decline) - Year-To-Date Excluding Leap Day

Across most natural gas service territories, higher natural gas sales reflect an increase in the number of customers partially offset by a decline incombined with increasing customer use.

Electric Revenues and Margin

Electric revenues and fuel and purchased power expenses are largely impacted by the fluctuationfluctuations in the price of natural gas, coal and uranium used in the generation of electricity, but as a result of the design of fuel recovery mechanisms to recover current expenses,electricity. However, these price fluctuations have minimal impact on electric margin.margin due to fuel recovery mechanisms that recover fuel expenses. The following table details the electric revenues and margin:
  Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Millions of Dollars) 2017 2016 2017 2016
Electric revenues $2,338
 $2,224
 $4,637
 $4,409
Electric fuel and purchased power (919) (856) (1,844) (1,718)
Electric margin $1,419
 $1,368
 $2,793
 $2,691


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  Three Months Ended March 31
(Millions of Dollars) 2018 2017
Electric revenues $2,333
 $2,299
Electric fuel and purchased power (932) (925)
Electric margin before impact of the TCJA $1,401
 $1,374
Impact of the TCJA (offset as a reduction in income tax expense) (63) 
Electric margin $1,338
 $1,374

The following tables summarize the components of the changes in electric revenues and electric margin:

Electric Revenues
(Millions of Dollars) Three Months Ended June 30
2017 vs. 2016
 Six Months Ended June 30
2017 vs. 2016
Retail rate increases (Texas, Minnesota, New Mexico and Wisconsin) $34
 $75
Fuel and purchased power cost recovery 41
 56
Trading 14
 42
Non-fuel riders 9
 20
Higher conservation and DSM revenues (offset by higher expenses) 7
 14
Wholesale transmission revenue 1
 12
Retail sales growth, excluding weather impact 8
 9
Decoupling (weather portion - Minnesota) 5
 7
Estimated impact of weather (6) (13)
Other, net 1
 6
Total increase in electric revenues $114
 $228
(Millions of Dollars) Three Months Ended March 31,
2018 vs. 2017
Fuel and purchased power cost recovery $(12)
Firm wholesale (7)
Trading 21
Estimated impact of weather, net of Minnesota decoupling 15
Retail rate increase (Wisconsin) 5
Other, net 12
Total increase in electric revenues before impact of the TCJA $34
Impact of the TCJA (offset as a reduction in income tax expense) (63)
Total decrease in electric revenues $(29)

Electric Margin
(Millions of Dollars) Three Months Ended June 30
2017 vs. 2016
 Six Months Ended June 30
2017 vs. 2016
Retail rate increases (Texas, Minnesota, New Mexico and Wisconsin) $34
 $75
Non-fuel riders 9
 20
Higher conservation and DSM revenues (offset by higher expenses) 7
 14
Retail sales growth, excluding weather impact 8
 9
Decoupling (weather portion - Minnesota) 5
 7
Wholesale transmission revenue, net of costs (6) (13)
Estimated impact of weather (6) (13)
Other, net 
 
 3
Total increase in electric margin $51
 $102
(Millions of Dollars) Three Months Ended March 31,
2018 vs. 2017
Firm wholesale $(7)
Estimated impact of weather, net of Minnesota decoupling 15
Purchased capacity costs 11
Retail rate increase (Wisconsin) 5
Other, net 
 3
Total increase in electric margin before impact of the TCJA $27
Impact of the TCJA (offset as a reduction in income tax expense) (63)
Total decrease in electric margin $(36)

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Natural Gas Revenues and Margin

Total natural gas expense tends to varyvaries with changing sales requirements and the cost of natural gas purchases.gas. However, due to the design of purchased natural gas cost recovery mechanisms for sales to retail customers, fluctuations in the cost of natural gas has minimal impact on natural gas margin.margin due to natural gas cost recovery mechanisms. The following table details natural gas revenues and margin:
  Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Millions of Dollars) 2017 2016 2017 2016
Natural gas revenues $290
 $259
 $916
 $825
Cost of natural gas sold and transported (114) (90) (479) (402)
Natural gas margin $176
 $169
 $437
 $423


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  Three Months Ended March 31
(Millions of Dollars) 2018 2017
Natural gas revenues $673
 $626
Cost of natural gas sold and transported (375) (365)
Natural gas margin before impact of the TCJA $298
 $261
Impact of the TCJA (offset as a reduction in income tax expense) (11) $
Natural gas margin $287
 $261

The following tables summarize the components of the changes in natural gas revenues and natural gas margin:

Natural Gas Revenues
(Millions of Dollars) Three Months Ended June 30
2017 vs. 2016
 Six Months Ended June 30
2017 vs. 2016
 Three Months Ended March 31,
2018 vs. 2017
Estimated impact of weather $15
Retail rate increase (Colorado - interim, subject to refund, Wisconsin and Michigan) 12
Purchased natural gas adjustment clause recovery $23
 $76
 9
Infrastructure and integrity riders 5
 12
 4
Higher conservation and DSM revenues (offset by higher expenses) 1
 4
Estimated impact of weather (1) (5)
Sales growth 2
Other, net 3
 4
 5
Total increase in natural gas revenues before impact of the TCJA $47
Impact of the TCJA (offset as a reduction in income tax expense) (11)
Total increase in natural gas revenues $31
 $91
 $36

Natural Gas Margin
(Millions of Dollars) Three Months Ended June 30
2017 vs. 2016
 Six Months Ended June 30
2017 vs. 2016
 Three Months Ended March 31,
2018 vs. 2017
Estimated impact of weather $15
Retail rate increase (Colorado - interim, subject to refund, Wisconsin and Michigan) 12
Infrastructure and integrity riders $5
 $12
 4
Higher conservation and DSM revenues (offset by higher expenses) 1
 4
Estimated impact of weather (1) (5)
Sales growth 2
Other, net 2
 3
 4
Total increase in natural gas margin before impact of the TCJA $37
Impact of the TCJA (offset as a reduction in income tax expense) (11)
Total increase in natural gas margin $7
 $14
 $26

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Non-Fuel Operating Expenses and Other Items

O&M Expenses — O&M expenses decreased $18.8$23 million, or 3.24.0 percent, for the secondfirst quarter of 20172018, largely reflecting expense timing. The significant changes are summarized in the table below:
(Millions of Dollars) Three Months Ended March 31,
2018 vs. 2017
Nuclear plant operations and amortization $(10)
Plant generation costs (9)
Other, net (4)
Total decrease in O&M expenses $(23)

Nuclear plant operations and amortization expenses are lower largely reflecting expense timing, savings initiatives and reduced refueling outage costs.
Plant generation costs decreased $9.8 million, or 0.8 percent, year-to-date. The year-to-date decrease is primarily due to the timing of planned maintenance and overhauls at a number of generation facilities, offset by increases in employee benefits expense and the impact of previously deferred 2016 expenses associated with the Texas 2016 electric rate case (approximately $8 million) recognized in 2017 in connection with the settlement, offset by revenue recovery.facilities.

Conservation and DSM Expenses — Conservation and demand side management (DSM)DSM expenses increased $8.9$3 million, or 16.04.4 percent, for the secondfirst quarter of 2017 and increased $19.0 million, or 16.8 percent, year-to-date. Increases were2018. The increase was primarily due to higher recovery rates for Colorado electric and additional customernatural gas sales. Increased participation in electricMinnesota natural gas conservation programs mostly in Minnesota.was partially offset by lower recovery rates. Conservation and DSM expenses are generally recovered in our major jurisdictions concurrently through riders and base rates. Timing of recovery may not correspond to the period in which costs were incurred.

Depreciation and Amortization — Depreciation and amortization increased $43.2$18 million, or 13.44.9 percent for the secondfirst quarter of 2017 and2018. The increase was primarily driven by capital expenditures due to planned system investments.

Taxes (Other than Income Taxes) — Taxes (other than income taxes) increased $88.4$3 million, or 13.82.1 percent year-to-date.for the first quarter of 2018. The increase was primarily due to capital investments and prior year amortization of the excess depreciation reservehigher property taxes in Minnesota.Colorado.

Allowance for Funds Used During Construction (AFUDC),AFUDC, Equity and Debt — AFUDC increased $2.6$13 million for the secondfirst quarter of 2017 and increased $4.8 million year-to-date.2018. The increase was primarily due to higher average capital investments, particularly the Rush Creek wind project.project in Colorado and other capital investments.

Interest Charges — Interest charges increased $1.2$5 million, or 0.73.0 percent, for the secondfirst quarter of 2017 and increased $10.7 million, or 3.4 percent, year-to-date.2018. The increase was related to higher debt levels to fund capital investments, partially offset by refinancings at lower interest rates.

Income Taxes Income tax expense decreased $2.0$58 million for the secondfirst quarter of 20172018 compared with the same period in 2016.2017. The decrease was primarily driven by a lower federal tax rate due to the TCJA, an increase in wind PTCs, in 2017, an increase in permanent plant-related adjustments (e.g., AFUDC-equity)regulatory differences related to ARAM and an increase in 2017 and aother tax expense for a state tax credit valuation allowance in 2016,credits. This was partially offset by higher pretax earnings in the second quarterdeferral of 2017.ARAM. The ETR was 31.116.9 percent for the secondfirst quarter of 20172018 compared with 34.732.9 percent for the same period in 2016.2017. The lower ETR in 2017 was2018 is primarily due to the adjustmentsitems referenced above. See Note 4.

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Income tax expense decreased $14.0 million for the first six months of 2017 compared with the same period in 2016. The decrease in income tax expense was primarily due to an increase in wind PTCs in 2017, an increase in permanent plant-related adjustments (e.g., AFUDC-equity) in 2017 and a tax expense for a state tax credit valuation allowance in 2016, partially offset by higher pretax earnings in the six months ended June 30, 2017. The ETR was 32.0 percent for the first six months of 2017, compared to 34.7 percent for the first six months of 2016. The lower ETR in 2017 was primarily due to the adjustments referenced above.

Public Utility Regulation

Except to the extent noted below, the circumstances set forth in Public Utility Regulation included in Item 1 of Xcel Energy Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2016 and Public Utility Regulation included in Item 2 of Xcel Energy Inc.’s
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2017 appropriately represent, in all material respects, the current status of public utility regulation and are incorporated herein by reference.

Xcel
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NSP-Minnesota

PPA Terminations and Amendments — In 2017, NSP-Minnesota filed requests with the MPUC and NDPSC to terminate or amend various PPAs to reduce future costs for customers, which are anticipated to result in excess of $600 million in net cost savings to NSP System customers over the next 10 years. In January 2018, the MPUC issued an order approving NSP-Minnesota’s petition to terminate the PPAs with Benson Power LLC (Benson) and Laurentian Energy Inc.Authority I, LLC (Laurentian), as well as purchase and close the Benson biomass facility. In March 2018, the MPUC denied requests by several parties to reconsider its approval to terminate the Benson and Laurentian PPAs. NSP-Minnesota reached a settlement agreement with the NDPSC Staff which allows for the termination of the PPAs with Benson and Laurentian, as well as the purchase and closure of the Benson biomass facility. A NDPSC decision is anticipated in May 2018.

Wind Development During the first quarter of 2017, Xcel Energy announced plans to significantly expand its wind capacity by adding 1,550 MW of new wind generation at NSP-Minnesota and 1,230 MW at SPS. Previously, Xcel Energy received regulatory approval to build a 600 MW wind farm at PSCo.

In July 2017, the MPUC approved NSP-Minnesota’s proposal to add 1,550 MW of new wind generation including ownership of 1,150 MW of wind generation. NSP-Minnesota plans to submit updates including TCJA impacts on the new wind generation by NSP-Minnesota.to the MPUC and NDPSC in May 2018. The MPUC approved an aggregate capital cap fortiming of a NDPSC order is uncertain. The regulatory filing updates are not expected to impact the 750 MWtiming of self-buildthese projects allowing NSP-Minnesota to include in rate base any savings versus a capital cost estimate for the projects. NSP-Minnesota would not recover capital costs in excess of the cap.

The PUCT and NMPRCwhich are expected to rule on SPS’ wind projectsbe completed by the end of the first quarter of 2018.

Key dates in the PUCT procedural schedule are as follows:
Intervenor testimony — Oct. 2, 2017;
Staff testimony — Oct. 9, 2017;
Rebuttal testimony — Oct. 23, 2017;2020 and
Hearing — Nov. 6 - Nov. 17, 2017.

Key dates in the NMPRC procedural schedule are as follows:
Staff and intervenor testimony — Oct. 24, 2017;
Rebuttal testimony — Nov. 9, 2017; and
Hearing — Nov. 28 - Dec. 1, 2017.

In total, Xcel Energy has proposed adding 3,380 MW of wind capacity by the end of 2020. Xcel Energy has filed to own and place in rate base 2,750 MW of these wind projects, while 630 MW would be through PPAs. These wind projects would qualify for 100 percent of the production tax creditPTC. NSP-Minnesota’s total capital investment for these wind ownership projects is expected to be approximately $1.9 billion.

In 2017, NSP-Minnesota filed with the MPUC seeking approval to build and own the Dakota Range, a 300 MW wind project in South Dakota. The project is expected to be placed into service by the end of 2021 and qualify for 80 percent of the PTC. In March 2018, NSP-Minnesota submitted supplemental filings to the MPUC and NDPSC regarding the impacts of the TCJA and other updated information for Dakota Range. These impacts result in a minimal increase in the revenue requirement for Dakota Range and the project continues to show significant benefits to customers. In April 2018, the MPUC approved NSP-Minnesota’s petition to build and own the Dakota Range. A NDPSC decision is pending.

These wind projects are intendedexpected to provide billions of dollars ofsignificant savings to ourNSP-Minnesota’s customers and substantial environmental benefits. Projected savings/benefits assume fuel costs and generation mix consistent with those included in various commission approved resource plans and generation need filings.


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.

The following table details these wind projects:
Project Name Capacity (MW) State Estimated Year of Completion Ownership/PPA Regulatory Status
Rush Creek 600
 CO 2018 PSCo Approved by CPUC
Freeborn 200
 MN/IA 2020 NSP-Minnesota Approved by MPUC
Blazing Star 1 200
 MN 2019 NSP-Minnesota Approved by MPUC
Blazing Star 2 200
 MN 2020 NSP-Minnesota Approved by MPUC
Lake Benton 100
 MN 2019 NSP-Minnesota Approved by MPUC
Foxtail 150
 ND 2019 NSP-Minnesota Approved by MPUC
Crowned Ridge 300
 SD 2019 NSP-Minnesota Approved by MPUC
Hale 478
 TX 2019 SPS Pending PUCT & NMPRC Approval
Sagamore 522
 NM 2020 SPS Pending PUCT & NMPRC Approval
Total Ownership 2,750
        
           
Crowned Ridge 300
 SD 2019 PPA Approved by MPUC
Clean Energy 1 100
 ND 2019 PPA Approved by MPUC
Bonita 230
 TX 2019 PPA Pending PUCT & NMPRC Approval
Total PPA 630
        

Xcel Energy’s total capital investment for the proposed wind ownership projects is approximately $4.2 billion for 2017-2020.

NSP-Minnesota

PPA Terminations and AmendmentsMinnesota State Right-Of-First Refusal (ROFR) Statute Complaint — In JuneSeptember 2017, LSP Transmission Holdings, LLC (LSP Transmission) filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota (Minnesota District Court) against the Minnesota Attorney General, the MPUC and July 2017,the DOC. The complaint was in response to MISO assigning NSP-Minnesota and ITC Midwest, LLC to jointly own a new 345 KV transmission line from near Mankato, Minn. to Winnebago, Minn. The line was estimated by MISO to cost $103 million. The project was assigned to NSP-Minnesota and ITC Midwest as the incumbent utilities, consistent with a Minnesota state ROFR statute. The complaint challenges the constitutionality of the state ROFR statute and is seeking declaratory judgment that the statute violates the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution and should not be enforced. The Minnesota state agencies and NSP-Minnesota filed requests withmotions to dismiss. In April 2018, the MPUC and/orAntitrust Division of the NDPSC for several initiatives including changes to four PPAs to reduce future costs for customers. These actions includeUnited States Department of Justice, filed a statement in support of LSP Transmission’s position that the following:statute is unconstitutional. The matter is pending before the Minnesota District Court. The timing and outcome of the litigation is uncertain.

The termination of a PPA with Benson Power LLC (Benson) for its 55 MW biomass facility in Benson, Minn. The termination of the Benson PPA requires FERC approval and would result in payments of $95 million to terminate the PPA and acquire the facility, as well as additional expenditures of approximately $26 million to temporarily operate then close the facility.
The termination of a PPA with Laurentian Energy Authority I, LLC (Laurentian) for its 35 MW of biomass facilities in Hibbing and Virginia, Minn. The termination of the Laurentian PPA would result in $108.5 million of contract cancellation payments over six years.
The remaining two requested PPA changes involve a PPA extension for a 34 MW waste-to-energy facility at a price reflective of current market conditions and termination of another 12 MW waste-to-energy PPA.

NSP-Minnesota has requested recovery of all costs associated with these changes through the Fuel Clause Adjustment, including a return on NSP-Minnesota’s total investment in the Benson transaction over the remaining life of the current PPA through 2028. If approved, these actions together are intended to provide approximately $653 million in net cost savings to customers over the next 10 years.

Nuclear Power Operations

NSP-Minnesota owns two nuclear generating plants: the Monticello plant and the PI plant. See Note 1412 of Xcel Energy Inc.’sNSP-Minnesota’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 20162017 for further discussion regarding the nuclear generating plants. The circumstances set forth in Nuclear Power Operations and Waste Disposal included in Item 1 of Xcel Energy Inc.’sNSP-Minnesota’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2016 and Nuclear Power Operations included in Item 2 of Xcel Energy Inc.’s Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2017, appropriately represent, in all material respects, the current status of nuclear power operations, and are incorporated herein by reference.

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NSP-Wisconsin

NSP-Wisconsin / American Transmission Company, LLC (ATC) - La Crosse to Madison, Wis. Transmission Line — In 2013, NSP-Wisconsin and ATC jointly filed an application with the PSCW for a certificate of public convenience and necessity (CPCN) for a new 345 kilovolt transmission line that would extend from La Crosse, Wis. to Madison, Wis.  NSP-Wisconsin’s half of the line will be shared with three co-owners, Dairyland Power Cooperative, WPPI Energy and Southern Minnesota Municipal Power Agency-Wisconsin.

In 2015, the PSCW issued its order approving a CPCN and route for the project. Two groups have appealed the CPCN order to the La Crosse County Circuit Court (Circuit Court). In May 2017, the Circuit Court determined that the project was necessary, allowing construction to continue on a seven mile segment near La Crosse, Wis. The parties have appealed various aspects of the case to the Wisconsin Court of Appeals, which is currently pending. The CPCN remains in full effect unless one of the parties seeks and receives a stay from the court and posts a bond to cover damages the utilities may incur due to delay. The 180-mile project is expected to cost approximately $541 million. NSP-Wisconsin’s portion of the investment, which includes AFUDC, is estimated to be approximately $200 million. Construction on the line began in January 2016, with completion anticipated by late 2018.

2016 Electric Fuel Cost Recovery — NSP-Wisconsin’s electric fuel costs for the year ended Dec. 31, 2016 were lower than authorized in rates and outside the two percent annual tolerance band established in the Wisconsin fuel cost recovery rules, primarily due to lower sales volume and lower purchased power costs coupled with moderate weather. Under the fuel cost recovery rules, NSP-Wisconsin may retain the amount of over-recovery up to two percent of authorized annual fuel costs, or approximately $3.4 million. However, NSP-Wisconsin must defer the amount of over-recovery in excess of the two percent annual tolerance band for future refund to customers. In July 2017, the PSCW required NSP-Wisconsin to provide a refund of $9.5 million to customers, which is expected to start in September 2017.

2017 Electric Fuel Cost Recovery NSP-Wisconsin’s electric fuel costs for the six months ended June 30, 2017 were lower than authorized in rates and outside the two percent annual tolerance band, established in the Wisconsin fuel cost recovery rules, primarily due to lower sales volume and lower purchased power costs coupled with moderate weather and generation sales into the MISO market. Under the fuel cost recovery rules, NSP-Wisconsin may retain the amountapproximately $4 million of over-recovery up to two percent of authorized annual fuel costs or approximately $3.7 million.  However, NSP-Wisconsin mustand defer the amount of over-recovery in excess of the two percent annual tolerance band for future refund to customers. Accordingly, NSP-Wisconsin recorded a deferral of approximately $3.0 million through June 30, 2017.  The amount of the deferral could increase or decrease based on actual fuel costs incurred for the remainder of the year.  In the first quarter ofMarch 2018, NSP-Wisconsin will filefiled a reconciliation of 2017 fuel costs with the PSCW.PSCW indicating a refund liability of approximately $10 million. The final amount of any potentialthe refund is subject to review and approval by the PSCW, which is not expected until mid-2018.

PSCo

Rush Creek Wind Ownership Proposal — In 2016, the CPUC granted PSCo a CPCN to build, own and operate a 600 MW wind generation facility in Colorado at Rush Creek. The CPCN includes a hard cost-cap of $1.096 billion (including transmission costs) and a capital cost sharing mechanism between customers and PSCo of 82.5 percent to customers and 17.5 percent to PSCo for every $10 million the project comes in below the cost-cap.mid- 2018.

All major contracts required to complete the project have been executed including the Vestas turbine supply and balance of plant agreements. Vestas PTC components for safe harboring the facility have been fabricated and are currently being stored at Vestas facilities in Colorado. Construction of roads, collection systems, and foundations began in April 2017.

In June 2017, PSCo filed its report required under Colorado rules that require PSCo to consider Best Value Employment Metrics (BVEM) as a factor in selecting contractors for generation projects. On July 5, 2017, several building trades filed comments arguing that PSCo’s Balance of Plant Contractor selection was inappropriate as it did not follow a more detailed and quantitative analysis. The trade unions argued that the BVEM deficiencies could be remedied through execution of a Project Labor Agreement on the project. PSCo filed its reply indicating that it satisfied the BVEM rule requirements on July 18, 2017, which was discussed by the CPUC on July 20, 2017. The CPUC took no action other than to request reconsideration of whether bidder’s BVEM information can be provided as public information. PSCo is evaluating this request.


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PSCo

Colorado Energy Plan (CEP) — In 2016, PSCo filed its 2016 Electric Resource Plan (ERP) — In May 2016, PSCo filed its 2016 ERP which included itsthe estimated need for additional generation resources and its proposal to acquire those resources through a competitive Request for Proposal (RFP) process. The CPUC issued its decision on Phase I in late Aprilspring of 2024. In 2017, approving the Phase I modeling assumptions to be used in Phase II and directed PSCo to filefiled an updated capacity need prior to issuing any RFPs. PSCo plans to update the range of resource need to be considered within the competitive RFP process and issue the RFP in August 2017. The CPUC is expected to rule on the RFP results in the second quarter of 2018.

Advanced Grid Intelligence and Security — In July 2017,with the CPUC approved PSCo’s CPCN for implementation of its advanced grid initiative. The project incorporates installing advanced meters, implementing hardware and software applications to allow the distribution system to operate at a lower voltage (integrated volt-var optimization) and installing communications infrastructure. These major projects are expected to improve customer experience, enhance grid reliability and enable the implementation of new and innovative programs and rate structures.450 MW in 2023.

In June 2017, PSCo and various other stakeholders filed a stipulation agreement (Stipulation) proposing the CPUC approved a settlement, which delayedCEP, an alternative plan that increases the advanced meter deployment from 2017-2021amount of new renewable resources sought under the ERP. The CEP would increase PSCo’s potential capacity need up to 2019-2024.1,110 MW due to the proposed retirement of two coal units. The total capital costmajor components include:

Early retirement of 660 MWs of coal-fired generation at Comanche Units 1 (2022) and 2 (2025);
Accelerated depreciation for the early retirement of the project is currently estimatedtwo Comanche units and establishment of a regulatory asset to be approximately $537 millioncollect the incremental depreciation expense and related costs;
A request for 2017-2024. As a resultproposal (RFP) for up to 1,000 MW of wind, 700 MW of solar and 700 MW of natural gas and/or storage;
Utility ownership targets of 50 percent renewable generation resources and 75 percent of natural gas-fired, storage, or renewable with storage generation resources; and
Reduction of the settlement, approximately $120 million of capital investment was deferredrenewable energy standard adjustment rider (RESA), from two percent to 2022-2024.

Decoupling Filing — In July 2016, PSCo filed a request with the CPUC to approve a partial decoupling mechanism, which would adjust annual revenues based on changes in weather normalized average use per customer for the residential and small commercial classes. one percent effective beginning 2021 or 2022.

In July 2017,March 2018, the CPUC issuedrequired additional portfolio requirements beyond the terms of the Stipulation. The CPUC requested PSCo to present 750 MW and 1,100 MW portfolios, and to include a decision which approved the following key decisions regarding decoupling:

Effective Jan. 1, 2018 through December 2023 (subject to establishing new ratesleast-cost portfolio in the next electric rate case);
Applicableaddition to the residential classrecommended portfolio. They also requested a scenario without the RESA reduction offsetting the cost of accelerated depreciation. The order did not explicitly approve the Stipulation and small commercial class;
Baseddeferred action on total class revenues (subject to establishingissues such as the base periodtreatment of accelerated depreciation which is being addressed in the next electric rate case);
Based on actual sales; and
Subject to a soft cap of 3 percent on any annual adjustment.separate proceeding.

PSCo plans to seek reconsideration of the order.

Boulder, Colo. Municipalization — In 2011, Boulder voters passedis currently evaluating bids from a ballot measure authorizing the formation of a municipal utility. In 2014, the Boulder City Council passed an ordinance to establish an electric utility. PSCo challenged the formation of this utility as premature because costsRFP and system separation plans were not final. The Boulder District Court dismissed the case for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. PSCo appealed this decision. In September 2016, the Colorado Court of Appeals vacated the District Court’s decision, and ultimately preserved PSCo’s ability to challenge the utility formation. Boulder subsequently filed a Petition for Writ of Certiorari with the Colorado Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has not yet ruled whether it will exerciseanticipates filing its discretion and review the petition.

In January 2015, the Boulder District Court affirmed a priorrecommended portfolios in May 2018.  A CPUC decision that Boulder cannot serve customers outside its city limits. The District Court also ruledon the CPUC has jurisdiction overrecommended portfolio is anticipated in the transfersummer of any facilities to Boulder and how the systems are separated to preserve reliability, safety and effectiveness. In February 2015, the Boulder District Court also dismissed the condemnation action Boulder had filed. The CPUC must approve the separation plan before Boulder files its condemnation proceeding.
In July 2015, Boulder filed an application with the CPUC requesting approval of its proposed separation plan. PSCo filed a motion to dismiss Boulder’s application. The CPUC dismissed a portion of Boulder’s application, but allowed Boulder to supplement its application. Boulder filed its second supplemental application in September 2016. In March 2017, PSCo and other parties filed their testimony outlining their concerns about the Boulder separation plan and raised legal concerns about aspects of the plan.  In April 2017, despite extensive negotiations between PSCo and Boulder, the Boulder City Council voted to continue litigation for municipalization. Also, the CPUC ordered Boulder to file a third supplemental separation plan clearly laying out Boulder’s proposal. Boulder proposed a plan that would cost approximately $75 million. Boulder proposed sharing of certain distribution and substation facilities and requested that PSCo be required to construct Boulder’s new facilities and finance the construction. In June 2017, PSCo and other intervenors filed alternatives to Boulder’s separation plan and opposed the sharing; contracting and financing aspects of the plan. Evidentiary hearings began July 26, 2017.

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2018.

Mountain West Transmission Group (MWTG) — PSCo, initiated discussionsalong with sixnine other transmission ownerselectric service providers from the Rocky Mountain region, to evaluate the merits ofhad considered creating and operating pursuant to a joint transmission tariff that mayto increase wholesale market efficiency and improve regional transmission planning.  In 2016, theThe MWTG established a non-binding memorandum of understandingsought opportunities to guide their processreduce customer costs, and issued a request for information to four established RTOs. In January 2017, the MWTG initiated preliminary discussionsmaximize resource and electric grid utilization.  Negotiations with the SPP commenced in 2017 in order to begin evaluation of the costs and benefits of MWTGdevelop potential terms for participation in the Regional Transmission Organization. As these negotiations developed, PSCo determined that the likely level of benefits was not sufficient to support continued engagement. On April 20, 2018, PSCo notified SPP, RTO.regulators and the other MWTG utility members that it was ending its participation in the regional effort.

Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) Enforcement Complaint against CPUC — Sustainable Power Group, LLC (sPower) has proposed to construct 800 MW of solar generation and 700 MW of wind generation in Colorado and is seeking to require PSCo to contract for these resources under PURPA. In 2017, sPower filed a complaint for declaratory and injunctive relief in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado (District Court) requesting that the court find a December 2016 CPUC ruling that a qualifying facility must be a successful bidder in a PSCo resource acquisition bidding process violated PURPA and FERC rules. PSCo intervened in that proceeding and the CPUC filed a motion to dismiss. In June 2017, the United States Magistrate Judge issued a recommendation to the District Court that sPower’s complaint be dismissed because sPower failed to establish that it faced a substantial risk of harm. In October 2017, the District Court denied the CPUC’s motion to dismiss and instead allowed sPower to file an amended complaint. The case effectively started over, and PSCo intervened. The CPUC has held informational meetings on certain issues including financial implications and reliability. If PSCo werefiled a motion to move forward with RTO participation,dismiss the amended complaint which is currently pending before the District Court. In February 2018, the Magistrate Judge recommended the CPUC motion to dismiss be denied. The CPUC and PSCo filed objections in March 2018. The timing of a resolution in this case is unclear.

OATT Reform — In late March 2018, PSCo filed for changes to its OATT with the FERC. The tariff change would allow large generating interconnection agreements to be suspended only due to a force majeure event and would apply only to new contracts on a prospective basis.  In April 2018, certain parties filed comments opposing the PSCo tariff change.  FERC approval would be required. If approved, operations within the RTO would not be expectedaction is pending.  PSCo has also initiated a larger stakeholder process to begin until 2019, at the earliest. PSCo will evaluate its optionsachieve broader queue reform and anticipates filing additional tariff changes later in 2017 and beyond.2018.  On April 19, 2018, FERC issued a final rule requiring queue reforms in addition (but generally complimentary) to reforms PSCo already contemplated; compliance tariff filings will be due in third quarter 2018.  PSCo currently has more than 22,000 MW of new generator projects in its interconnection queue.



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SPS

TUCO Substation to Yoakum County Substation to Hobbs Plant Substation 345 KV Transmission LineIn March 2016, the PUCT approved SPS’ Certificate of Convenience and Necessity (CCN)Lubbock Power & Light’s (LP&L’s) Request for the 33-mile Yoakum County to Texas/New Mexico State line portion of this 345 KV line project. A CCN for the 111-mile TUCO to Yoakum County substation segment was filed in June 2016. Assuming approval of this CCN, this segment is scheduled to be in service in 2020. A 36-mile CCN for the Texas/New Mexico state line to Hobbs Plant segment was filed in June 2017. The estimated project cost for all three segments is approximately $242 million.
Wholesale Customer Participation in Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) In March 2016,September 2017, LP&L filed its application with the PUCT Staff requested comments on Lubbock Power & Light’s (LP&L’s) proposaland proposed to transition a portion of its load (approximately 430 MW onto ERCOT no later than June 2021. As a peak basis) to the ERCOT in June 2019.result of LP&L’s proposal, would result in an approximate seven percent reduction of load in SPS, or a loss of approximately $18 million in wholesale transmission revenue.  Therevenue would be reallocated to remaining portionSPS transmission customers at the time of the load transition.  In November 2017, SPS and various other parties, including the PUCT Staff, filed direct testimony in response to LP&L’s application. SPS proposed an Interconnection Switching Fee to be determined by the PUCT.

In February 2018, SPS, LP&L, the PUCT Staff and various other parties filed a stipulation that provides SPS’ customers with an Interconnection Switching Fee of approximately $24 million to compensate them for the transfer of LP&L’s load (approximately 170 MW)from SPP to ERCOT. Under the settlement, SPS would continueallocate the Interconnection Switching Fee to be served by SPS. Should LP&L join ERCOT, costs to SPS’ remainingits Texas and New Mexico retail and wholesale transmission customers would increase as SPS’ transmission costs would be spread acrossthrough a smaller base of customers. 

The PUCT has indicated there will be a two-step process regardingbill credit following LP&L’s possible transferload transition to ERCOT. The first step will bePUCT approved the stipulation in March 2018. LP&L has announced its intention to transfer to ERCOT effective June 1, 2021.
Texas State Right of First Refusal (ROFR) Request for Declaratory Order — In February 2017, SPS and SPP filed a proceeding to determine whether the proposed transfer is in the public interest and to consider certain protections for non-LP&L customers who would be affected by LP&L’s transfer. If the PUCT determines the transfer is in the public interest, the second step will be for LP&L to file a CCN application for transmission facilities to connect with ERCOT. The PUCT asked SPP and ERCOT to perform reliability and economic studies to better understand the implications of LP&L’s proposal. SPP and ERCOT filed the studies on June 30, 2017. LP&L is expected to file an applicationjoint petition with the PUCT for a public interest determinationdeclaratory order regarding SPS’ ROFR. SPS contended that Texas law grants an incumbent electric utility, operating in August 2017. SPS intendsareas outside of ERCOT, the ROFR to participateconstruct new transmission facilities located in the utility’s service area. SPP stated that Texas law does not provide a clear statement regarding the ROFR for incumbent utilities and therefore SPP was abiding by the portion of its OATT, which requires competitive solicitation to construct and operate new transmission facilities within areas of Texas’ SPP footprint.
In October 2017, the PUCT issued an order finding that SPS does not possess an exclusive right to construct and operate transmission facilities within its service area. In January 2018, SPS and two other parties filed appeals of the PUCT’s processes to protect its customers’ interests.order in the Texas State District Court. The appeals have been consolidated and the case is being briefed.

No final decision regarding LP&L’s departure or its potential timing is expected until completionWind Proposals — In 2017, SPS filed proposals with the NMPRC and the PUCT to build, own and operate 1,000 MW of new wind generation through two wind farms (the Hale wind project in Texas and the Sagamore wind project in New Mexico) for a cost of approximately $1.6 billion.  In addition, the proposal includes a purchased power agreement for 230 MW of wind. 

In March 2018, the NMPRC approved SPS’ request consistent with the terms of SPS’ and the parties’ modified unanimous settlement. The key terms of the PUCT proceedings.settlement are:

An investment cap of $1,675 per kilowatt, which is equal to 102.5 percent of the estimated construction costs;
SPS customers would receive a credit to their bills if actual capacity factors fall below 48 percent;
SPS customers would receive 100 percent of the federal PTC; and
SPS will sell the output from the two wind farms into the market and keep the revenue and the grossed-up PTCs during the time the rate case is pending before the wind projects go into base rates.  If the market revenue and grossed up PTC value exceeds the estimated revenue requirement, SPS will refund the excess amount to customers as an additional customer protection during the interim period.

In February 2018, SPS and the parties filed an unopposed settlement with the PUCT.  The key terms of the settlement are similar to the terms approved by the NMPRC above except that the ratemaking treatment of the market revenues and grossed-up PTCs will be treated in a traditional ratemaking manner and the effective date of the rates in the rate cases placing the wind farms in rates will be 35 days after SPS files the rate cases.

In April 2018, the PUCT requested additional information regarding the settlement. SPS filed a response and the PUCT is scheduled to consider the settlement April 27, 2018.


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Summary of Recent Federal Regulatory Developments

FERC

The FERC has jurisdiction over rates for electric transmission service in interstate commerce and electricity sold at wholesale, hydro facility licensing, natural gas transportation, asset transactions and mergers, accounting practices and certain other activities of Xcel Energy Inc.’s utility subsidiaries and transmission-only subsidiaries, including enforcement of North American Electric Reliability Corporation mandatory electric reliability standards. State and local agencies have jurisdiction over many of Xcel Energy Inc.’s utility subsidiaries’ activities, including regulation of retail rates and environmental matters. See additional discussion in the summary of recent federal regulatory developments and public utility regulation sections of the Xcel Energy Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2016 and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2017. In addition to the matters discussed below, see Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for a discussion of other regulatory matters.

Status of FERC Commissioners — The FERC is normally comprised of five commissioners appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. There is currently only one sitting commissioner.  Without three commissioners, the FERC does not have a quorum to act on contested matters. The lack of a quorum could affect the timing of FERC decisions on proposed rules or pending, newly submitted and future filings involving, among other things, contested electric rate matters and CPCNs for construction of interstate natural gas pipeline facilities to serve the utility subsidiaries.  Xcel Energy does not expect any disruption in operations or material delay in decisionsattempts to mitigate the risk of regulatory penalties through formal training on contested matters pending beforeprohibited practices and a compliance function that reviews interaction with the FERC. President Trump has submitted nominationsmarkets under FERC and Commodity Futures Trading Commission jurisdictions. Public campaigns are conducted to fill threeraise awareness of the vacant seats and has indicated his intentpublic safety issues of interacting with our electric systems. While programs to submit one additional nomination. The three submitted nominationscomply with regulatory requirements are pending confirmation byin place, there is no guarantee the full Senate.


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compliance programs or other measures will be sufficient to ensure against violations.

FERC Order, ROE Policy — In June 2014, the FERC adopted a two-step ROE methodology for electric utilities in an order (Opinion 531) issued in a complaint proceeding involving New England Transmission Owners (NETOs). The issue of how to apply the FERC ROE methodology has been contested in various complaint proceedings, including two ROE complaints involving the MISO TOs, which includesinclude NSP-Minnesota and NSP-Wisconsin. In April 2017, the D.C. Circuit vacated and remanded the June 2014 ROE order. The D.C. Circuit found that the FERC had not properly determined that the ROE authorized for the NETOs prior to June 2014 was unjust and unreasonable. The D.C. Circuit also found that the FERC failed to justify the new ROE methodology. The FERC has yet to act on the D.C. Circuit’s decision and cannot act without a quorum.decision. See Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for discussion of the D.C. Circuit’s decision and the impact on the MISO ROE Complaints.

Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) Enforcement Complaint against CPUC In December 2016, Sustainable Power Group, LLC (sPower) petitioned the FERC to initiate an enforcement action in federal court against the CPUC under PURPA. The petition asserts that a December 2016 CPUC ruling, which indicated that a qualifying facility must be a successful bidder in a PSCo resource acquisition bidding process, violated PURPA and FERC rules. In January 2017, PSCo filed a motion to intervene and protest, arguing that the FERC should decline the petition. The CPUC filed a similar pleading. sPower has proposed to construct 800 MW of solar generation and 700 MW of wind generation in Colorado and seeks to require PSCo to contract for these resources under PURPA. If sPower were to prevail, PSCo’s ability to select generation resources through competitive bidding would be negatively affected. However, due to a lack of quorum at the FERC, the FERC did not act on that petition within the sixty days contemplated by PURPA. Subsequently sPower filed a complaint for declaratory and injunctive relief in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado (District Court) requesting that the court find the bidding requirement in the CPUC qualifying facility rules to be unlawful. PSCo has intervened in that proceeding and the CPUC has filed a motion to dismiss. In June 2017, the United States Magistrate Judge (Magistrate) issued a recommendation to the District Court that sPower’s complaint be dismissed because sPower failed to establish that it faced a substantial risk of harm. The Magistrate’s recommendation is pending before the District Court.

Solar Gardens Investment

In July 2017, a newly formed subsidiary of Xcel Energy signed an agreement with a solar developer to construct and operate approximately 19 MW of new community solar gardens in Minnesota serving existing NSP-Minnesota customers. The projects are expected to achieve commercial operations in 2017 and 2018.

Derivatives, Risk Management and Market Risk

Xcel Energy Inc. and its subsidiaries are exposed to a variety of market risks in the normal course of business. Market risk is the potential loss that may occur as a result of adverse changes in the market or fair value of a particular instrument or commodity. All financial and commodity-related instruments, including derivatives, are subject to market risk. See Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of market risks associated with derivatives.

Xcel Energy is exposed to the impact of adverse changes in price for energy and energy-related products, which is partially mitigated by the use of commodity derivatives. In addition to ongoing monitoring and maintaining credit policies intended to minimize overall credit risk, when necessary, management takes steps to mitigate changes in credit and concentration risks associated with its derivatives and other contracts, including parental guarantees and requests of collateral. While Xcel Energy expects that the counterparties will perform under the contracts underlying its derivatives, the contracts expose Xcel Energy to some credit and non-performance risk.

Though no material non-performance risk currently exists with the counterparties to Xcel Energy’s commodity derivative contracts, distress in the financial markets may in the future impact that risk to the extent it impacts those counterparties. Distress in the financial markets may also impact the fair value of the securities in the nuclear decommissioning fund and master pension trust, as well as Xcel Energy’s ability to earn a return on short-term investments of excess cash.

Commodity Price Risk — Xcel Energy Inc.’s utility subsidiaries are exposed to commodity price risk in their electric and natural gas operations. Commodity price risk is managed by entering into long- and short-term physical purchase and sales contracts for electric capacity, energy and energy-related products and for various fuels used in generation and distribution activities. Commodity price risk is also managed through the use of financial derivative instruments. Xcel Energy’s risk management policy allows it to manage commodity price risk within each rate-regulated operation to the extent such exposure exists.


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Wholesale and Commodity Trading Risk — Xcel Energy Inc.’s utility subsidiaries conduct various wholesale and commodity trading activities, including the purchase and sale of electric capacity, energy, energy-related instruments and natural gas-related instruments, including derivatives. Xcel Energy’s risk management policy allows management to conduct these activities within guidelines and limitations as approved by its risk management committee, which is made up of management personnel not directly involved in the activities governed by this policy.

At June 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the fair values by source for net commodity trading contract assets were as follows:
  Futures / Forwards
(Thousands of Dollars) Source of Fair Value Maturity
Less Than 1 Year
 Maturity 1 to 3 Years Maturity 4 to 5 Years Maturity
Greater Than 5 Years
 Total Futures/
Forwards Fair Value
NSP-Minnesota 1
 $1,928
 $6,534
 $1,550
 $
 $10,012
PSCo 1
 396
 (11) 
 
 385
PSCo 2
 1
 
 
 
 1
    $2,325
 $6,523
 $1,550
 $
 $10,398
 Options Futures / Forwards
(Thousands of Dollars) Source of Fair Value Maturity
Less Than 1 Year
 Maturity 1 to 3 Years Maturity 4 to 5 Years Maturity
Greater Than 5 Years
 Total Futures/
Forwards Fair Value
(Millions of Dollars) Source of Fair Value Maturity
Less Than 1 Year
 Maturity 1 to 3 Years Maturity 4 to 5 Years Maturity
Greater Than 5 Years
 Total Futures/
Forwards Fair Value
NSP-Minnesota 2
 $(512) $2,129
 $3,042
 $
 $4,659
 1
 $4
 $9
 $1
 $1
 $15
PSCo 1
 1
 
 
 
 1
   $5
 $9
 $1
 $1
 $16
1 — Prices actively quoted or based on actively quoted prices.
2 — Prices based on models and other valuation methods.

Changes in the fair value of commodity trading contracts before the impacts of margin-sharing mechanisms were as follows:
 Six Months Ended June 30 Three Months Ended March 31
(Thousands of Dollars) 2017 2016
(Millions of Dollars) 2018 2017
Fair value of commodity trading net contract assets outstanding at Jan. 1 $9,771
 $11,040
 $16
 $9
Contracts realized or settled during the period (5,998) (1,406) (2) 
Commodity trading contract additions and changes during the period 11,284
 460
 3
 1
Fair value of commodity trading net contract assets outstanding at June 30 $15,057
 $10,094
Fair value of commodity trading net contract assets outstanding at March 31 $17
 $10

At June 30,March 31, 2018, a 10 percent increase in market prices for commodity trading contracts would decrease pretax income from continuing operations by approximately $1 million, whereas a 10 percent decrease would increase pretax income from continuing operations by approximately $1 million. At March 31, 2017, a 10 percent increase in market prices for commodity trading contracts would increase pretax income from continuing operations by approximately $0.3 million, whereas a 10 percent decrease would decrease pretax income from continuing operations by approximately $0.8 million. At June 30, 2016,$1 million, whereas a 10 percent increase in market prices for commodity trading contractsdecrease would increase pretax income from continuing operations by approximately $0.1 million, whereas a 10 percent decrease would decrease pretax income from continuing operations by approximately $0.1$1 million.

Xcel Energy Inc.’s utility subsidiaries’ wholesale and commodity trading operations measure the outstanding risk exposure to price changes on transactions, contracts and obligations that have been entered into, but not closed, using an industry standard methodology known as Value at Risk (VaR). VaR expresses the potential change in fair value on the outstanding transactions, contracts and obligations over a particular period of time under normal market conditions.

The VaRs for the NSP-Minnesota and PSCo commodity trading operations, calculated on a consolidated basis using a Monte Carlo simulation with a 95 percent confidence level and a one-day holding period, were as follows:
(Millions of Dollars) Three Months Ended June 30 VaR Limit Average High Low
2017 $0.26
 $3.00
 $0.38
 $0.66
 $0.04
2016 0.22
 3.00
 0.22
 0.38
 0.06


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(Millions of Dollars) Three Months Ended March 31 VaR Limit Average High Low
2018 $0.32
 $3.00
 $0.22
 $0.57
 $0.10
2017 0.42
 3.00
 0.16
 0.62
 0.04

Nuclear Fuel Supply — NSP-Minnesota is scheduled to take delivery of approximately 1358 percent of its 20172018 and approximately 5424 percent of its 20182019 enriched nuclear material requirements from sources that could be impacted by current political/world events, in Ukraine and sanctions against including those related to Ukraine/Russia. Alternate potential sources are expected to provide the flexibility to manage NSP-Minnesota’s nuclear fuel supply to ensure that plant availability and reliability will not be negatively impacted in the near-term. Long-term, through 2024, NSP-Minnesota is scheduled to take delivery of approximately 3135 percent of its average enriched nuclear material requirements from sources that could be impacted by events in Ukraine and extended sanctions against Russia.these sources. NSP-Minnesota is closely following the progression of these events and will periodically assess if further actions are required to assure a secure supply of enriched nuclear material.

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Separately, NSP-Minnesota has enriched nuclear fuel materials in process with Westinghouse Electric Corporation (Westinghouse). Westinghouse filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in March 2017. NSP-Minnesota owns materials in Westinghouse’s inventory and has contracts in place under which Westinghouse will provide certain services during an upcoming outage at PI. Westinghouse will provide nuclear fuel assemblies for the upcoming PI outage under the current nuclear fuel fabrication contract. Westinghouse has indicated its intention to continue to perform under the arrangements. Based on Westinghouse’s stated intent and the interim financing secured to fund its on-going operations, NSP-Minnesota does not expect the bankruptcy to materially impact NSP-Minnesota’s operational or financial performance. Westinghouse announced on Jan. 4, 2018 it has agreed to be acquired by Brookfield Business Partners LP and other institutional partners. Brookfield’s acquisition of Westinghouse is expected to close in the third quarter of 2018, subject to bankruptcy court and regulatory approvals. NSP-Minnesota will continue to monitor the Westinghouse acquisition process.

Interest Rate Risk — Xcel Energy is subject to the risk of fluctuating interest rates in the normal course of business. Xcel Energy’s risk management policy allows interest rate risk to be managed through the use of fixed rate debt, floating rate debt and interest rate derivatives such as swaps, caps, collars and put or call options.

At June 30,March 31, 2018 and 2017, and 2016, a 100-basis-point change in the benchmark rate on Xcel Energy’s variable rate debt would impact pretax interest expense annually by approximately $9.4$11 million and $5.9$6 million, respectively. See Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements for a discussion of Xcel Energy Inc. and its subsidiaries’ interest rate derivatives.

NSP-Minnesota also maintains a nuclear decommissioning fund, as required by the NRC. The nuclear decommissioning fund is subject to interest rate risk and equity price risk. At June 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, the fund was invested in a diversified portfolio of cash equivalents, debt securities, equity securities, and other investments. These investments may be used only for activities related to nuclear decommissioning. Given the purpose and legal restrictions on the use of nuclear decommissioning fund assets, realized and unrealized gains on fund investments over the life of the fund are deferred as an offset of NSP-Minnesota’s regulatory asset for nuclear decommissioning costs. Consequently, any realized and unrealized gains and losses on securities in the nuclear decommissioning fund, including any other-than-temporary impairments, are deferred as a component of the regulatory asset for nuclear decommissioning. Since the accounting for nuclear decommissioning recognizes that costs are recovered through rates, fluctuations in equity prices or interest rates affecting the nuclear decommissioning fund do not have a direct impact on earnings.

Credit Risk — Xcel Energy Inc. and its subsidiaries are also exposed to credit risk. Credit risk relates to the risk of loss resulting from counterparties’ nonperformance on their contractual obligations. Xcel Energy Inc. and its subsidiaries maintain credit policies intended to minimize overall credit risk and actively monitor these policies to reflect changes and scope of operations.

At June 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, a 10 percent increase in commodity prices would have resulted in an increase in credit exposure of $18.1$22 million, while a decrease in prices of 10 percent would have resulted in an increase in credit exposure of $2.1$11 million. At June 30, 2016,March 31, 2017, a 10 percent increase in commodity prices would have resulted in a decreasean increase in credit exposure of $9.2$11 million, while a decrease in prices of 10 percent would have resulted in an increase in credit exposure of $16.4$2 million.

Xcel Energy Inc. and its subsidiaries conduct standard credit reviews for all counterparties. Xcel Energy employs additional credit risk control mechanisms when appropriate, such as letters of credit, parental guarantees, standardized master netting agreements and termination provisions that allow for offsetting of positive and negative exposures. Credit exposure is monitored and, when necessary, the activity with a specific counterparty is limited until credit enhancement is provided. Distress in the financial markets could increase Xcel Energy’s credit risk.

Fair Value Measurements

Xcel Energy follows accounting and disclosure guidance on fair value measurements that contains a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value and requires disclosure of the observability of the inputs used in these measurements. See Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the fair value hierarchy and the amounts of assets and liabilities measured at fair value that have been assigned to Level 3.


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Commodity Derivatives — Xcel Energy continuously monitors the creditworthiness of the counterparties to its commodity derivative contracts and assesses each counterparty’s ability to perform on the transactions set forth in the contracts. Given this assessment and the typically short duration of these contracts, the impact of discounting commodity derivative assets for counterparty credit risk was not material to the fair value of commodity derivative assets at June 30, 2017.March 31, 2018. Adjustments to fair value for credit risk of commodity trading instruments are recorded in electric revenues. Credit risk adjustments for other commodity derivative instruments are deferred as other comprehensive income (OCI) or regulatory assets and liabilities. The classification as a regulatory asset or liability is based on commission approved regulatory recovery mechanisms. Xcel Energy also assesses the impact of its own credit risk when determining the fair value of commodity derivative liabilities. The impact of discounting commodity derivative liabilities for credit risk was immaterial to the fair value of commodity derivative liabilities at June 30, 2017.March 31, 2018.

Commodity derivative assets and liabilities assigned to Level 3 typically consist of FTRs, as well as forwards and options that are long-term in nature. Level 3 commodity derivative assets and liabilities represent 3.50.9 percent and 9.83.7 percent of total assets and liabilities, respectively, measured at fair value at June 30, 2017.March 31, 2018.

Determining the fair value of FTRs requires numerous management forecasts that vary in observability, including various forward commodity prices, retail and wholesale demand, generation and resulting transmission system congestion. Given the limited observability of management’s forecaststransparency in the auction process, fair value measurements for several of these inputs, these instrumentsFTRs have been assigned a Level 3. Level 3 commodity derivatives assets and liabilities included $68.1$13 million and $4.0$1 million of estimated fair values, respectively, for FTRs held at June 30, 2017.March 31, 2018.

Determining the fair value of certain commodity forwards and options can require management to make use of subjective price and volatility forecasts which extend to periods beyond those readily observable on active exchanges or quoted by brokers. When less observable forward price and volatility forecasts are significant to determining the value of commodity forwards and options, these instruments are assigned to Level 3. There were $5.2$6 million in Level 3 commodity derivative assets and no liabilities for options held at June 30, 2017.March 31, 2018. There were immaterial$2 million of Level 3 derivative assets held as forwards held at June 30, 2017.March 31, 2018.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flows
 Six Months Ended June 30 Three Months Ended March 31
(Millions of Dollars) 2017 2016 2018 2017
Cash provided by operating activities $1,292
 $1,425
 $887
 $718

Net cash provided by operating activities decreased $133increased $169 million for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2017March 31, 2018 compared with the sixthree months ended June 30, 2016.March 31, 2017. The decreaseincrease was primarily due to lower tax refunds received and the timing of vendor payments, customer receipts, refunds, and recovery of certain electric and natural gas riders and incentive programs, partially offset by higherlower net income, excluding amounts related to non-cash operating activities (e.g., depreciation and deferred tax expenses)expense).

 Six Months Ended June 30 Three Months Ended March 31
(Millions of Dollars) 2017 2016 2018 2017
Cash used in investing activities $(1,474) $(1,443) $(872) $(748)

Net cash used in investing activities increased $31$124 million for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2017March 31, 2018 compared with the sixthree months ended June 30, 2016.March 31, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to higher capital expenditures related to the Rush Creek wind generation facility, partially offset by lower rabbi trust investments in 2017.facility.

 Six Months Ended June 30 Three Months Ended March 31
(Millions of Dollars) 2017 2016 2018 2017
Cash provided by financing activities $159
 $10
 $18
 $19

Net cash provided by financing activities increased $149was $18 million for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2017March 31, 2018 compared with net cash provided by financing activities of $19 million for the sixthree months ended June 30,March 31, 2017. The increasechange was primarily attributable to lower repayments of long-term debt, partially offset by lower debt proceeds (net) year over year and higherincreased 2018 dividend payments.


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Capital Requirements

Xcel Energy expects to meet future financing requirements by periodically issuing short-term debt, long-term debt, common stock, hybrid and other securities to maintain desired capitalization ratios.

Regulation of Derivatives In July 2010, financial reform legislation was passed that provides for the regulation of derivative transactions amongst other provisions. Provisions within the bill provide theThe Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and the SEC with expanded regulatory authority over derivative and swap transactions. The CFTC ruled that swap dealing activity conducted by entities for the preceding 12 months under a notional limit, initially set at $8 billion, will fall under the general de minimis threshold and will not subject an entity to registering as a swap dealer. The de minimis threshold is scheduled to be reduced to $3 billion in 2018.at the end of 2019. Xcel Energy’s current and projected swap activity is well below these de minimis thresholds. The bill also contains provisions that exempt certain derivatives end users from much of the clearing and margin requirements and Xcel Energy’s Board of Directors has renewed the end-user exemption on an annual basis. Xcel Energy is currently meeting all reporting requirements and transaction restrictions.

Southwest Power Pool Inc. (SPP) FTR Margining Requirements — In SPP, the process for TOs involves the receipt of Auction Revenue Rights (ARRs) and, if elected by the TO, conversion of those ARRs to firm FTRs.  SPP requires that the TO post collateral for the conversion of ARRs to FTRs. At June 30, 2017, SPS had a $2.5 million letter of credit posted with SPP for the annual FTR auction, which was a reduction from the initial requirement of $15 million.

Pension Fund Xcel Energy’s pension assets are invested in a diversified portfolio of domestic and international equity securities, short-term to long-duration fixed income securities, and alternative investments, including private equity, real estate and hedge fund of funds and commodity investments.funds.

In January 2017,2018, contributions of $150.0$150 million were made across four of Xcel Energy’s pension plans;
In 2016,2017, contributions of $125.2$162 million were made across four of Xcel Energy’s pension plans; and
For future years, contributions will be made as deemed appropriate based on evaluation of various factors including the funded status of the plans, minimum funding requirements, interest rates and expected investment returns.

Capital Sources

Short-Term Funding Sources — Xcel Energy uses a number of sources to fulfill short-term funding needs, including operating cash flow, notes payable, commercial paper and bank lines of credit. The amount and timing of short-term funding needs depend in large part on financing needs for construction expenditures, working capital and dividend payments.

Short-Term Investments — Xcel Energy Inc., NSP-Minnesota, NSP-Wisconsin, PSCo and SPS maintain cash operating and short-term investment accounts. At June 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, approximately $1.8$38 million of cash was held in these accounts.

Credit Facilities — NSP-Minnesota, NSP-Wisconsin, PSCo, SPS and Xcel Energy Inc. each have five-year credit agreements with a syndicate of banks. The total size of the five-year credit facilities is $2.75 billion, and each credit facility terminates in June 2021.

NSP-Minnesota, PSCo, SPS and Xcel Energy Inc. each have the right to request an extension of the revolving credit facility termination date for two additional one-year periods. NSP-Wisconsin has the right to request an extension of the revolving credit facility termination date for an additional one-year period. All extension requests are subject to majority bank group approval.

Xcel Energy Inc. entered into a 364-Day Term Loan Agreement on Dec. 5, 2017 to borrow up to $500 million. As of March 31, 2018, Xcel Energy Inc. had drawn $500 million on the term loan. Xcel Energy Inc. may recommit for one additional 364-day period from the December 2018 maturity date, subject to majority consent from lenders.

As of July 24, 2017,April 23, 2018, Xcel Energy Inc. and its utility subsidiaries had the following committed credit facilities available to meet liquidity needs:
(Millions of Dollars) 
Credit Facility (a)
 
Drawn (b)
 Available Cash Liquidity 
Credit Facility (a)
 
Drawn (b)
 Available Cash Liquidity
Xcel Energy Inc. $1,000
 $483
 $517
 $5
 $522
 $1,500
 $775
 $725
 $1
 $726
PSCo 700
 3
 697
 1
 698
 700
 54
 646
 1
 647
NSP-Minnesota 500
 145
 355
 1
 356
 500
 36
 464
 1
 465
SPS 400
 101
 299
 
 299
 400
 19
 381
 1
 382
NSP-Wisconsin 150
 70
 80
 
 80
 150
 36
 114
 
 114
Total $2,750
 $802
 $1,948
 $7
 $1,955
 $3,250
 $920
 $2,330
 $4
 $2,334
(a) 
These credit facilities expire in June 2021.2021, with the exception of Xcel Energy Inc.’s $500 million 364-day term loan agreement entered into in December 2017.
(b) 
Includes outstanding commercial paper, term loan borrowings and letters of credit.


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Commercial PaperShort-Term Debt Xcel Energy Inc., NSP-Minnesota, NSP-Wisconsin, PSCo and SPS each have individual commercial paper programs. The authorized levels for these commercial paper programs are:

$1 billion for Xcel Energy Inc.;
$700 million for PSCo;
$500 million for NSP-Minnesota;
$400 million for SPS; and
$150 million for NSP-Wisconsin.

Commercial paperIn addition, Xcel Energy Inc. has a 364-day term loan agreement to borrow up to $500 million. At March 31, 2018, Xcel Energy Inc. had drawn $500 million on the term loan.

Short-term debt outstanding for Xcel Energy was as follows:
(Amounts in Millions, Except Interest Rates) Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 
Year Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 
Year Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Borrowing limit $2,750
 $2,750
 $3,250
 $3,250
Amount outstanding at period end 784
 392
 1,025
 814
Average amount outstanding 778
 485
 1,000
 644
Maximum amount outstanding 1,247
 1,183
 1,197
 1,247
Weighted average interest rate, computed on a daily basis 1.28% 0.74% 1.93% 1.35%
Weighted average interest rate at period end 1.49
 0.95
 2.34
 1.90

Money Pool — Xcel Energy received FERC approval to establish a utility money pool arrangement with the utility subsidiaries, subject to receipt of required state regulatory approvals. The utility money pool allows for short-term investments in and borrowings between the utility subsidiaries. Xcel Energy Inc. may make investments in the utility subsidiaries at market-based interest rates; however, the money pool arrangement does not allow the utility subsidiaries to make investments in Xcel Energy Inc. The money pool balances are eliminated in consolidation.

NSP-Minnesota, PSCo and SPS participate in the money pool pursuant to approval from their respective state regulatory commissions. NSP-Wisconsin does not participate in the money pool.

Financing — Xcel Energy issues debt and equity securities to refinance retiring maturities, reduce short-term debt, fund capital programs, infuse equity in subsidiaries, fund asset acquisitions and for other general corporate purposes.

During 2017, Xcel Energy Inc. and its utility subsidiaries issued and anticipate issuingsubsidiaries’ 2018 financing plans reflect the following:

PSCo issued $400 million of 3.80 percent first mortgage bonds due June 15, 2047;
Xcel Energy Inc. plans to issue approximately $300$750 million of senior unsecured bonds in the fourth quarter;bonds;
NSP-Minnesota plans to issue approximately $600$300 million of first mortgage bonds in the third quarter;bonds;
NSP-Wisconsin plans to issue approximately $100$200 million of first mortgage bonds in the fourth quarter;bonds;
PSCo plans to issue approximately $750 million of first mortgage bonds; and
SPS plans to issue approximately $450$350 million of first mortgage bondsbonds.

Xcel Energy also plans to issue approximately $300 million of incremental equity in 2018 in addition to $75 million of equity to be issued through the third quarter.dividend reinvestment program and benefit programs.

Financing plans are subject to change, depending on capital expenditures, internal cash generation, market conditions and other factors.


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Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements

Xcel Energy does not have any off-balance-sheet arrangements, other than those currently disclosed, that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.

Earnings Guidance and Long-Term EPS and Dividend Growth Rate Objectives

Xcel Energy 2018 Earnings Guidance — Xcel Energy’s 20172018 GAAP and ongoing earnings guidance is $2.25$2.37 to $2.35$2.47 per share.(a)Key assumptions related to 2017 earnings are detailed below:assumptions:

Constructive outcomes in all rate case and regulatory proceedings.
Normal weather patterns are experienced for the remainder of the year.patterns.
Weather-normalized retail electric utility sales are projected to increasebe within a range of 0 percent to 0.5 percent.percent over 2017 levels.
Weather-normalized retail firm natural gas sales are projected to increasebe within a range of 0 percent to 0.5 percent.

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percent over 2017 levels.
Capital rider revenue is projected to increase by $50$30 million to $60$40 million over 20162017 levels. The change is largely due to the level of PTC, which flowsPTCs are flowed back to customers.customers, primarily through capital riders and reductions to electric margin.
O&M expenses are projected to be flat.flat to 2017 levels.
Depreciation expense is projected to increase approximately $180$120 million to $190$130 million over 20162017 levels. The change inis depreciation expense is largely due to changes in the amortizationdismissal of the renewable development fund,PSCo electric rate case, which is offset in revenue and will not have andelays the impact on earnings.of higher depreciation rates.
Property taxes are projected to increase approximately $0$30 million to $10$40 million over 20162017 levels.
Interest expense (net of AFUDC - debt) is projected to increase $15$30 million to $25$40 million over 20162017 levels.
AFUDC - equity is projected to increase approximately $5$20 million to $15$30 million from 20162017 levels.
The ETR is projected to be approximately 3115 percent to 3317 percent. The change is largely dueThis range may decrease to 8 percent to 10 percent as we receive clarity and direction from our commissions as to the leveltreatment of PTC,excess deferred taxes that resulted from the TCJA. A reduction to the ETR resulting from the flowback of excess deferred taxes would be offset by a correlated reduction to revenue. Additionally, the lower ETR for 2018 compared to 2017 reflects additional PTCs which flowsare flowed back to customers.
Average common stock and equivalents are projected to be approximately 509 million shares.customers through margin.

(a)  
Ongoing earnings is calculated using net income and adjusting for certain nonrecurring or infrequent items that are, in management’s view, not reflective of ongoing operations. Ongoing earnings could differ from those prepared in accordance with GAAP for unplanned and/or unknown adjustments. Xcel Energy is unable to forecast if any of these items will occur or provide a quantitative reconciliation of the guidance for ongoing diluted EPS to corresponding GAAP diluted EPS.

Long-Term EPS and Dividend Growth Rate Objectives

Xcel Energy expects to deliver an attractive total return to our shareholders through a combination of earnings growth and dividend yield, based on the following long-term objectives:

Deliver long-term annual EPS growth of 45 percent to 6 percent;percent off of a 2017 base of $2.30 per share;
Deliver annual dividend increases of 5 percent to 7 percent;
Target a dividend payout ratio of 60 percent to 70 percent; and
Maintain senior unsecured debt credit ratings in the BBB+ to A range.

Ongoing earnings is calculated using net income and adjusting for certain nonrecurring or infrequent items that are, in management’s view, not reflective
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Item 3QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

See Management’s Discussion and Analysis Derivatives, Risk Management and Market Risk under Item 2.

Item 4CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Xcel Energy maintains a set of disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms. In addition, the disclosure controls and procedures ensure that information required to be disclosed is accumulated and communicated to management, including the chief executive officer (CEO) and chief financial officer (CFO), allowing timely decisions regarding required disclosure. As of June 30, 2017,March 31, 2018, based on an evaluation carried out under the supervision and with the participation of Xcel Energy’s management, including the CEO and CFO, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and the procedures, the CEO and CFO have concluded that Xcel Energy’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

In 2016, Xcel Energy implemented the general ledger modules, as well as initiated deployment of work management systems modules, of a new enterprise resource planning system to improve certain financial and related transaction processes. Xcel Energy is continuing to implement additional modules including the conversion of existing work management systems to this same system during 2017. In connection with this ongoing implementation, Xcel Energy is updating its internal control over financial reporting, as necessary, to accommodate modifications to its business processes and accounting systems. Xcel Energy does not believe that this implementation will have an adverse effect on its internal control over financial reporting.

No changes in Xcel Energy’s internal control over financial reporting occurred during the most recent fiscal quarter that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Xcel Energy’s internal control over financial reporting.


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Part II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Xcel Energy is involved in various litigation matters that are being defended and handled in the ordinary course of business. The assessment of whether a loss is probable or is a reasonable possibility, and whether the loss or a range of loss is estimable, often involves a series of complex judgments about future events. Management maintains accruals for such losses that are probable of being incurred and subject to reasonable estimation. Management is sometimes unable to estimate an amount or range of a reasonably possible loss in certain situations, including but not limited to when (1) the damages sought are indeterminate, (2) the proceedings are in the early stages, or (3) the matters involve novel or unsettled legal theories. In such cases, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the timing or ultimate resolution of such matters, including a possible eventual loss.

Additional Information

See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of legal claims and environmental proceedings. See Part I Item 2 and Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for a discussion of proceedings involving utility rates and other regulatory matters.

Item 1A — RISK FACTORS

Xcel Energy Inc.’s risk factors are documented in Item 1A of Part I of its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2016,2017, which is incorporated herein by reference. There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in the Form 10-K.


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Item 2 UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

The following table provides information about our purchases of equity securities that are registered by Xcel Energy Inc. pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act for the quarter ended June 30, 2017:March 31, 2018:
  Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Period Total Number of
Shares Purchased
 Average Price
Paid per Share
 Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
Jan. 1, 2018 — Jan. 31, 2018 
 $
 
 
Feb. 1, 2018 — Feb. 28, 2018 (a)
 22,039
 42.97
 
 
March 1, 2018 — March 31, 2018 (b)
 12,028
 43.28
 
 
Total 34,067
   
 
(a)
Xcel Energy Inc. or one of its agents periodically purchases common shares in order to satisfy obligations under the Stock Equivalent Plan for Non-Employee Directors.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Period
(b)
Total NumberXcel Energy Inc. withholds stock to satisfy tax withholding obligations on vesting of
Shares Purchased
Average Price
Paid per Share
Total Number awards of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or ProgramsMaximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Underrestricted stock under the Plans or Programs
April 1, 2017 — April 30, 2017
$


May 1, 2017 — May 31, 2017



June 1, 2017 — June 30, 2017



Total


Xcel Energy Executive Annual Incentive Award Plan.


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Item 6EXHIBITS

* Indicates incorporation by reference
+ Executive Compensation Arrangements and Benefit Plans Covering Executive Officers and Directors
3.01*

3.02*
4.01*

101The following materials from Xcel Energy Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017March 31, 2018 are formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language):  (i) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (iv) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Common Stockholders’ Equity, (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, and (vii) document and entity information.


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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

  XCEL ENERGY INC.
   
July 28, 2017April 27, 2018By:/s/ JEFFREY S. SAVAGE
  Jeffrey S. Savage
  Senior Vice President, Controller
  (Principal Accounting Officer)
   
  /s/ ROBERT C. FRENZEL
  Robert C. Frenzel
  Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
  (Principal Financial Officer)

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