UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q
(Mark one)
xQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended December 31, 2017September 30, 2018
OR
oTRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                     to                     
 
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THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
 
Ohio 1-434 31-0411980
(State of Incorporation) (Commission File Number) (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
One Procter & Gamble Plaza, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(513) 983-1100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes þ     No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes þ     No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
 Large accelerated filer
 þ
  Accelerated filer
 ¨
 
 Non-accelerated filer
 ¨
(Do not check if smaller reporting company)
  Smaller reporting company
 ¨
 
     Emerging growth company
 ¨
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o     No þ
There were 2,521,003,7062,491,408,329 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of December 31, 2017.September 30, 2018.



PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION 
Item 1.Financial Statements


THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS
 Three Months Ended December 31 Six Months Ended December 31
Amounts in millions except per share amounts2017 2016 2017 2016
NET SALES$17,395
 $16,856
 $34,048
 $33,374
Cost of products sold8,667
 8,298
 16,896
 16,400
Selling, general and administrative expense4,725
 4,683
 9,414
 9,328
OPERATING INCOME4,003
 3,875
 7,738
 7,646
Interest expense122
 122
 237
 253
Interest income66
 42
 115
 77
Other non-operating income/(expense), net86
 (539) 168
 (476)
EARNINGS FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAXES4,033
 3,256
 7,784
 6,994
Income taxes on continuing operations1,472
 695
 2,353
 1,558
NET EARNINGS FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS2,561
 2,561
 5,431
 5,436
NET EARNINGS FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
 5,335
 
 5,217
NET EARNINGS2,561
 7,896
 5,431
 10,653
Less: Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests66
 21
 83
 64
NET EARNINGS ATTRIBUTABLE TO PROCTER & GAMBLE$2,495
 $7,875
 $5,348
 $10,589
        
BASIC NET EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE (1)
       
Earnings from continuing operations$0.96
 $0.96
 $2.05
 $1.99
Earnings from discontinued operations
 2.05
 
 1.98
BASIC NET EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE0.96
 3.01
 2.05
 3.97
DILUTED NET EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE (1)
       
Earnings from continuing operations$0.93
 $0.93
 $2.00
 $1.93
Earnings from discontinued operations
 1.95
 
 1.88
DILUTED NET EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE0.93
 2.88
 2.00
 3.81
DIVIDENDS PER COMMON SHARE$0.6896
 $0.6695
 $1.3790
 $1.3390
Diluted Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding2,669.6
 2,737.6
 2,680.1
 2,780.2
 Three Months Ended September 30
Amounts in millions except per share amounts2018 2017
NET SALES$16,690
 $16,653
Cost of products sold8,484
 8,269
Selling, general and administrative expense4,652
 4,736
OPERATING INCOME3,554
 3,648
Interest expense129
 115
Interest income53
 49
Other non-operating income, net462
 169
EARNINGS BEFORE INCOME TAXES3,940
 3,751
Income taxes729
 881
NET EARNINGS3,211
 2,870
Less: Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests12
 17
NET EARNINGS ATTRIBUTABLE TO PROCTER & GAMBLE$3,199
 $2,853
    
NET EARNINGS PER SHARE (1)
   
Basic1.26
 1.09
Diluted1.22
 1.06
    
DIVIDENDS PER COMMON SHARE$0.7172
 $0.6896
Diluted Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding2,612.1
 2,690.6

(1)  
Basic net earnings per share and Diluted net earnings per share are calculated on Net earnings attributable to Procter & Gamble.


See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.



THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS)
Three Months Ended December 31 Six Months Ended December 31Three Months Ended September 30
Amounts in millions2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017
NET EARNINGS$2,561
 $7,896
 $5,431
 $10,653
$3,211
 $2,870
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS), NET OF TAX          
Financial statement translation188
 (1,988) 1,028
 (1,989)
Financial statement foreign currency translation(216) 840
Unrealized gains/(losses) on hedges(167) 864
 (630) 749
7
 (463)
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities(61) (55) (65) (68)(5) (4)
Unrealized gains/(losses) on defined benefit retirement plans161
 600
 128
 693
152
 (33)
TOTAL OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS), NET OF TAX121
 (579) 461
 (615)(62) 340
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME2,682
 7,317
 5,892
 10,038
3,149
 3,210
Less: Total comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests66
 21
 83
 64
8
 17
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO PROCTER & GAMBLE$2,616
 $7,296
 $5,809
 $9,974
$3,141
 $3,193


See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.



THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Amounts in millions   December 31, 2017 June 30, 2017   September 30, 2018 June 30, 2018
Assets            
CURRENT ASSETS            
Cash and cash equivalents   $7,432
 $5,569
   $2,545
 $2,569
Available-for-sale investment securities   11,326
 9,568
   8,708
 9,281
Accounts receivable   5,182
 4,594
   5,035
 4,686
INVENTORIES            
Materials and supplies   1,471
 1,308
   1,429
 1,335
Work in process   575
 529
   600
 588
Finished goods   3,085
 2,787
   3,153
 2,815
Total inventories   5,131
 4,624
   5,182
 4,738
Prepaid expenses and other current assets   2,143
 2,139
   1,876
 2,046
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS   31,214
 26,494
   23,346
 23,320
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET   20,420
 19,893
   20,590
 20,600
GOODWILL   45,624
 44,699
   45,225
 45,175
TRADEMARKS AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NETTRADEMARKS AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET   24,224
 24,187
TRADEMARKS AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET   23,919
 23,902
OTHER NONCURRENT ASSETS   5,162
 5,133
   5,360
 5,313
TOTAL ASSETS   $126,644
 $120,406
   $118,440
 $118,310
            
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity            
CURRENT LIABILITIES            
Accounts payable   $9,740
 $9,632
   $10,243
 $10,344
Accrued and other liabilities   7,820
 7,024
   8,469
 7,470
Debt due within one year   15,547
 13,554
   10,508
 10,423
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES   33,107
 30,210
   29,220
 28,237
LONG-TERM DEBT   22,186
 18,038
   20,779
 20,863
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES   6,145
 8,126
   6,179
 6,163
OTHER NONCURRENT LIABILITIES   10,485
 8,254
   9,758
 10,164
TOTAL LIABILITIES   71,923
 64,628
   65,936
 65,427
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY            
Preferred stock   986
 1,006
   951
 967
Common stock – shares issued –December 2017 4,009.2
    September 2018 4,009.2
    
June 2017 4,009.2
 4,009
 4,009
June 2018 4,009.2
 4,009
 4,009
Additional paid-in capital   63,757
 63,641
   63,711
 63,846
Reserve for ESOP debt retirement   (1,229) (1,249)   (1,177) (1,204)
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)   (14,171) (14,632)   (15,133) (14,749)
Treasury stock   (97,121) (93,715)   (99,956) (99,217)
Retained earnings   97,881
 96,124
   99,831
 98,641
Noncontrolling interest   609
 594
   268
 590
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY   54,721
 55,778
   52,504
 52,883
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITYTOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY   $126,644
 $120,406
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY   $118,440
 $118,310

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.



THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Six Months Ended December 31 Three Months Ended September 30
Amounts in millions2017 2016 2018 2017
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD$5,569
 $7,102
 
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD$2,569
 $5,569
OPERATING ACTIVITIES       
Net earnings5,431
 10,653
 3,211
 2,870
Depreciation and amortization1,368
 1,435
 643
 692
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
 543
 
Share-based compensation expense157
 104
 102
 84
Deferred income taxes(2,008) (448) 34
 426
Gain on sale of assets(158) (5,343) (361) (81)
Changes in:       
Accounts receivable(547) (595) (475) (304)
Inventories(457) (247) (494) (357)
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities857
 (296) 933
 235
Other operating assets and liabilities2,524
 152
 (84) (30)
Other148
 67
 58
 96
TOTAL OPERATING ACTIVITIES7,315
 6,025
 3,567
 3,631
INVESTING ACTIVITIES       
Capital expenditures(1,900) (1,429) (1,080) (1,132)
Proceeds from asset sales201
 280
 9
 120
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired(101) (16) (237) 
Purchases of short-term investments(3,598) (1,739) (158) (1,942)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of short-term investments1,643
 354
 649
 388
Pre-divestiture addition of restricted cash related to the Beauty Brands divestiture
 (874) 
Cash transferred at closing related to the Beauty Brands divestiture
 (475) 
Release of restricted cash upon closing of the Beauty Brands divestiture
 1,870
 
Change in other investments50
 8
 (48) 32
TOTAL INVESTING ACTIVITIES(3,705) (2,021) (865) (2,534)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES       
Dividends to shareholders(3,636) (3,637) (1,853) (1,823)
Change in short-term debt1,524
 2,715
 24
 48
Additions to long-term debt5,072
 2,641
 
 2,124
Reductions of long-term debt(1,281) (5,029)
(1) 

 (151)
Treasury stock purchases(4,253) (2,503) (1,252) (2,502)
Impact of stock options and other698
 1,074
 425
 580
TOTAL FINANCING ACTIVITIES(1,876) (4,739) (2,656) (1,724)
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS129
 (316) 
CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS1,863
 (1,051) 
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD$7,432
 $6,051
 
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH(70) 82
CHANGE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH(24) (545)
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD$2,545
 $5,024
(1)

Includes $543 of costs related to early extinguishment of debt.


See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.



THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Basis of Presentation
These statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017.2018. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements of The Procter & Gamble Company and subsidiaries (the "Company," "Procter & Gamble," "P&G," "we" or "our") contain all adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods reported. However, the results of operations included in such financial statements may not necessarily be indicative of annual results.

2. New Accounting Pronouncements and Policies and U.S. Tax Reform
In May 2014, the FASB issuedOn July 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2014-09, “Revenue"Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)." This guidance outlines a single, comprehensive model forof accounting for revenue from contracts with customers. We plan to adoptadopted the standard on July 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective transition method. While we are currently assessingmethod, under which prior periods were not revised to reflect the impactimpacts of the new standard, ourstandard. Our revenue is primarily generated from the sale of finished product to customers. Those sales predominantly contain a single delivery element and revenue is recognized at a single point in time when ownership, risks and rewards transfer. TheAccordingly, the timing of revenue recognition is not materially impacted by the new standard. Trade promotions, consisting primarily of customer pricing allowances, in-store merchandising funds, advertising and other promotional activities, and consumer coupons, are offered through various programs to customers and consumers.  The adoption of the new standard impacts the accrual timing for certain portions of our customer and consumer promotional spending, which resulted in a cumulative adjustment to Retained earnings of $534, net of tax, on the date of adoption. The provisions of the new standard mayalso impact the classification of certain payments to customers, moving an immaterial amount of such payments from expense to a deduction from net sales. TheHad this standard been effective and adopted during fiscal 2018, the impact would reduce nethave been to reclassify $77 from Selling, General and Administrative expense (SG&A) to a reduction of Net sales by less than 1%. Wefor the quarter ended September 30, 2017 and $309 for the year ended June 30, 2018, with no impact to operating profit. This guidance included practical expedients, none of which are still assessing the impact on financial disclosures relatedmaterial to the new standard. We do not expect thisour Consolidated Financial Statements. This new guidance todoes not have any other material impacts on our Consolidated Financial Statements.Statements, including financial disclosures.
On July 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2017-07, "Compensation-Retirement Benefits: Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost (Topic 715)." This guidance requires an entity to disaggregate the current service cost component from the other components of net benefit costs in the face of the income statement. It requires the service cost component to be presented with other current compensation costs for the related employees in the operating section of the income statement, with other components of net benefit cost presented outside of income from operations. We adopted the standard retrospectively, using the practical expedient which allows entities to use information previously disclosed in their pension and other postretirement benefit plans footnote as the basis to apply the retrospective presentation requirements. As such, prior periods’ results have been revised to report the other components of net defined benefit costs, previously reported in Cost of products sold and SG&A, in Other non-operating income, net.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, "Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash (Topic 230)." This guidance requires the Statement of Cash Flows to present changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. Prior to the adoption of this ASU, the relevant accounting guidance did not require the Statement of Cash Flows to include changes in restricted cash. We adopted the standard retrospectively on July 1, 2018. We currently have no significant restricted cash balances. Historically, we had restricted cash balances and changes related to divestiture activity. Such balances were presented as Current assets held for sale on the balance sheets, with changes presented as Investing activities on the Statements of Cash Flow. In accordance with ASU 2016-08, such balances are now included in the beginning and ending balances of Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash for all periods presented.
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, "Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Topic 220)." This guidance permits companies to make an election to reclassify stranded tax effects from the recently enacted U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act included in Accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) to Retained earnings.  ASU 2018-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company has elected to early adopt this guidance in the quarter ended September 30, 2018. The reclassification from the adoption of this standard resulted in an increase of $326 to Retained earnings and a decrease of $326 to AOCI.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity transfers of Assets other than Inventory." The standard eliminates the prohibition in ASC 740 against the immediate recognition of the current and deferred income tax effects of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. We have adopted this standard effective July 1, 2018 on a modified

Amounts in millions of dollars unless otherwise specified.


retrospective basis. The adoption of ASU 2016-16 did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements, including the cumulative effect adjustment required upon adoption.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)." The standard requires lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and requires expanded disclosures about leasing arrangements. We plan to adopt the standard on July 1, 2019. We are currently assessing the impact that the new standard will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements, which will consist primarily of a balance sheet gross up of our operating leases to show equal and offsetting lease assets and lease liabilities.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles-Goodwill"Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment." The standard simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment by requiring a goodwill impairment to be measured using a single step impairment model, whereby the impairment equals the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the specified reporting units in their entirety. This eliminates the second step of the current impairment model that requires companies to first estimate the fair value of all assets in a reporting unit and measure impairments based on those fair values and a residual measurement approach. It also specifies that any loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. We will adopt the standard no later than July 1, 2020. The impact of the new standard will be dependent on the specific facts and circumstances of future individual impairments, if any.
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, "Compensation-Retirement Benefits: Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost (Topic 715).” This guidance requires an entity to disaggregate the current service cost component from the other components of net benefit costs in the face of the income statement. It requires the service cost component to be presented with other current compensation costs for the related employees in the operating section of the income statement, with other components of net benefit cost presented outside of income from operations. We currently classify all net periodic pension costs within operating costs (as part of Cost of products sold and Selling, general and administrative expense). We will adopt the standard retrospectively no later than July 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2017-07 is not expected to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities.” This standard enables entities to better portray the economics of their risk management activities in the financial statements and enhances the transparency and understandability of hedge results through improved disclosures. The new standard is effective for us beginning July 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We elected to early adopt the new guidance in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018. The amended presentation and disclosure guidance was applied on a prospective basis. The primary impact of adoption is the required disclosure changes. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements, including the cumulative-effect adjustment required upon adoption.
No other new accounting pronouncement issued or effective during the fiscal year had, or is expected to have, a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Amounts in millions of dollars unless otherwise specified.


U.S. Tax Reform
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”"U.S. Tax Act"). The U.S. Tax Act significantly revises the future ongoing U.S. corporate income tax by, among other things, lowering U. S.the U.S. corporate income tax rates and implementing a hybrid territorial tax system. As the Company has a June 30 fiscal year-end, the lower corporate income tax rate will bewas phased in, resulting in a U.S. statutory federal rate of approximately 28% for our fiscal year endingended June 30, 2018, and 21% for subsequent fiscal years. However, the U.S. Tax Act eliminates the domestic manufacturing deduction and moves to a hybrid territorial system, which also largely eliminates the ability to credit certain foreign taxes that existed prior to enactment of the U.S. Tax Act. For the quarter ended December 31, 2017, these impacts resulted in a net tax benefit of approximately $135 million, as the impact of the lower blended U. S. federal rate was largely offset by the inability to fully credit foreign taxes that were previously included in our estimated annual effective tax rate. This impact, along with the transitional taxes discussed in the paragraph below, are being reflected in the Corporate Segment for both management and segment reporting for fiscal 2018.
There are also certain transitional impacts of the U.S. Tax Act. As part of the transition to the new hybrid territorial tax system, the U.S. Tax Act imposesimposed a one-time repatriation tax on deemed repatriation of historical earnings of foreign subsidiaries. In addition, the reduction of the U.S. corporate tax rate will causecaused us to adjust our U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities to the lower federal base rate of 21%. These transitional impacts resulted in a provisional net charge of $628$602 million for the quarterfiscal year ended December 31, 2017,June 30, 2018, comprised of an estimated repatriation tax charge of $3.8 billion (comprised of the U.S. repatriation taxes and foreign withholding taxes) and an estimated net deferred tax benefit of $3.2 billion.
The changes included in the U.S. Tax Act are broad and complex. The final transitiontransitional impacts of the U.S. Tax Act may differ from the above estimate, possibly materially, due to, among other things, changes in interpretations of the U.S. Tax Act, any legislative action to address questions that arise because of the Tax Act, any changes in accounting standards for income taxes or related interpretations in response to theU.S. Tax Act, or any updates or changes to estimates the companyCompany has utilized to calculate the transitiontransitional impacts, including impacts from changeswhich we expect to current year earnings estimates and foreign exchange rates of foreign subsidiaries.finalize when we complete our tax return for fiscal 2018. The Securities Exchange CommissionSEC has issued rules that would allow for a measurement period of up to one year after the enactment date of the U.S. Tax Act to finalize the recording of the related tax impacts. We currently anticipate finalizing and recording any resulting adjustments byduring the end ofquarter ending December 31, 2018.
3. Segment Information
Under U.S. GAAP, our current fiscal year ending June 30, 2018.Global Business Units (GBUs) are aggregated into five reportable segments: 1) Beauty, 2) Grooming, 3) Health Care, 4) Fabric & Home Care and 5) Baby, Feminine & Family Care. Our five reportable segments are comprised of:


Beauty: Hair Care (Conditioner, Shampoo, Styling Aids, Treatments); Skin and Personal Care (Antiperspirant and Deodorant, Personal Cleansing, Skin Care);
Grooming: Shave Care (Female Blades & Razors, Male Blades & Razors, Pre- and Post-Shave Products, Other Shave Care); Appliances
Health Care: Oral Care (Toothbrushes, Toothpaste, Other Oral Care); Personal Health Care (Gastrointestinal, Rapid Diagnostics, Respiratory, Vitamins/Minerals/Supplements, Other Personal Health Care);
Fabric & Home Care: Fabric Care (Fabric Enhancers, Laundry Additives, Laundry Detergents); Home Care (Air Care, Dish Care, P&G Professional, Surface Care); and
Baby, Feminine & Family Care: Baby Care (Baby Wipes, Diapers and Pants); Feminine Care (Adult Incontinence, Feminine Care); Family Care (Paper Towels, Tissues, Toilet Paper).

Amounts in millions of dollars unless otherwise specified.


3. Segment InformationOur business units are comprised of similar product categories. Nine business units individually accounted for 5% or more of consolidated net sales as follows:
As discussed in Note 11, the Company completed the divestiture of the Beauty Brands business on October 1, 2016. The Beauty Brands business is presented as discontinued operations and is excluded from segment results for the three and six months ended December 31, 2016.
% of Net sales by Business Unit (1)
Three Months Ended September 302018 2017
Fabric Care23% 22%
Baby Care12% 13%
Hair Care10% 11%
Home Care10% 10%
Skin and Personal Care9% 9%
Family Care9% 8%
Shave Care8% 8%
Oral Care8% 8%
Feminine Care6% 6%
All Other5% 5%
Total100% 100%
(1)
% of Net sales by business unit excludes sales held in Corporate.
Following is a summary of reportable segment results:
 Three Months Ended December 31 Six Months Ended December 31 Three Months Ended September 30
 Net Sales Earnings/(Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes Net Earnings/(Loss) from Continuing Operations Net Sales Earnings/(Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes Net Earnings/(Loss) from Continuing Operations Net Sales Earnings/(Loss) Before Income Taxes Net Earnings
Beauty2017 $3,233
 $853
 $655
 $6,371
 $1,689
 $1,287
2018$3,289
 $947
 $759
2016 2,942
 714
 540
 5,938
 1,497
 1,132
20173,138
 836
 632
Grooming2017 1,776
 531
 423
 3,353
 945
 752
20181,562
 417
 340
2016 1,789
 614
 469
 3,447
 1,143
 884
20171,577
 414
 329
Health Care2017 2,212
 668
 455
 4,114
 1,123
 760
20181,845
 440
 332
2016 2,072
 608
 422
 3,933
 1,104
 742
20171,902
 455
 305
Fabric & Home Care2017 5,434
 1,101
 714
 10,817
 2,280
 1,483
20185,488
 1,144
 877
2016 5,270
 1,125
 725
 10,572
 2,254
 1,453
20175,383
 1,179
 769
Baby, Feminine & Family Care2017 4,613
 933
 597
 9,158
 1,897
 1,227
20184,390
 902
 692
2016 4,645
 1,038
 680
 9,240
 2,083
 1,377
20174,545
 964
 630
Corporate2017 127
 (53) (283) 235
 (150) (78)2018116
 90
 211
2016 138
 (843) (275) 244
 (1,087) (152)2017108
 (97) 205
Total Company2017 $17,395
 $4,033
 $2,561
 $34,048
 $7,784
 $5,431
2018$16,690
 $3,940
 $3,211
2016 16,856
 3,256
 2,561
 33,374
 6,994
 5,436
201716,653
 3,751
 2,870


4. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill is allocated by reportable segment as follows:
Beauty Grooming Health Care Fabric & Home Care Baby, Feminine & Family Care Total CompanyBeauty Grooming Health Care Fabric & Home Care Baby, Feminine & Family Care Total Company
Goodwill at June 30, 2017$12,791
 $19,627
 $5,878
 $1,857
 $4,546
 $44,699
Goodwill at June 30, 2018$12,992
 $19,820
 $5,929
 $1,865
 $4,569
 $45,175
Acquisitions and divestitures73
 
 
 
 
 73
117
 
 (50) 6
 
 73
Translation and other277
 371
 103
 26
 75
 852
(7) (3) (1) (6) (6) (23)
Goodwill at December 31, 2017$13,141
 $19,998
 $5,981
 $1,883
 $4,621
 $45,624
Goodwill at September 30, 2018$13,102
 $19,817
 $5,878
 $1,865
 $4,563
 $45,225

Goodwill increased from June 30, 20172018 due to acquisitions in the Beauty and Fabric & Home Care reportable segments partially offset by the divestiture of the Teva portion of the PGT business in the Health Care reportable segment and currency translation and acquisitions.translation.

Amounts in millions of dollars unless otherwise specified.


Identifiable intangible assets at December 31, 2017 areSeptember 30, 2018 were comprised of:
Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated AmortizationGross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization
Intangible assets with determinable lives$7,431
 $5,038
$7,420
 $(5,184)
Intangible assets with indefinite lives21,831
 
21,683
 
Total identifiable intangible assets$29,262
 $5,038
$29,103
 $(5,184)

Intangible assets with determinable lives consist of brands, patents, technology and customer relationships. The intangible assets with indefinite lives consist of brands. The amortization expense of intangible assets for the three months ended December 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $73 and 2016 was $75$77, respectively.
Goodwill and $80, respectively. For the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the amortization expense ofindefinite lived intangible assets was $152 and $169, respectively.

Amounts in millions of dollars unless otherwise specified.


are not amortized, but are tested annually for impairment. The test to evaluate goodwill for impairment is a two-step process. In the first step, we compare the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we perform a second step to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill. The second step of the impairment analysis requires a valuation of a reporting unit's tangible and intangible assets and liabilities in a manner similar to the allocation of purchase price in a business combination. If the resulting implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill is less than its carrying value, that difference represents an impairment.
The business unit valuations used to test goodwill and intangible assets for impairment are dependent on a number of significant estimates and assumptions, including macroeconomic conditions, overall category growth rates, competitive activities, cost containment, margin expansion and Company business plans. We believe these estimates and assumptions are reasonable. However, future changes in the judgments, assumptions and estimates that are used in our impairment testing for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, including discount and tax rates or future cash flow projections, could result in significantly different estimates of the fair values.
Most of our goodwill reporting units are comprised of a combination of legacy and acquired businesses and as a result have fair value cushions that, at a minimum, exceed two times their underlying carrying values. Certain of our goodwill reporting units, in particular Shave Care and Appliances, are comprised entirely of acquired businesses and as a result, have fair value cushions that are not as high. Both of these wholly acquired reporting units have fair value cushions (the fair values currently exceed the underlying carrying values). However, the overall Shave Care cushion has been reduced to below 10% and the related Gillette indefinite-lived intangible asset cushion hashave both been reduced to aboutbelow 10%, both due in large part to an increased competitive market environment in the U.S., a deceleration of category growth caused by changing grooming habits and significant currency devaluations in a number of countries relative to the U.S. dollar that have occurred in recent years and resulted in reduced cash flow projections. As a result, this reporting unit and indefinite-lived intangible asset are more susceptible to impairment risk.
The most significant assumptions utilized in the determination of the estimated fair values of Shave Care reporting unit and the Gillette indefinite-lived intangible asset are the residual net sales and earnings growth raterates and discount rate. The residual growth rate represents the expected rate at which the reporting unit and Gillette brand are expected to grow beyond the shorter term business planning period. The residual growth rate utilized in our fair value estimates is consistent with the reporting unit and brand operating plans, and approximates expected long term category market growth rates. The residual growth rate is dependent on overall market growth rates, the competitive environment, inflation, relative currency exchange rates and business activities that impact market share. As a result, the residual growth rate could be adversely impacted by a sustained deceleration in category growth, grooming habit changes, devaluation of currencies against the U.S. dollar or an increased competitive environment. The discount rate, which is consistent with a weighted average cost of capital that is likely to be expected by a market participant, is based upon industry required rates of return, including consideration of both debt and equity components of the capital structure. Our discount rate may be impacted by adverse changes in the macroeconomic environment, volatility in the equity and debt markets or other country specific factors, such as further devaluation of currencies against the U.S. dollar. While management can and has implemented strategies to address these events, significant changes in operating plans or adverse changes in the future could reduce the underlying cash flows used to estimate fair values and could result in a decline in fair value that could trigger future impairment charges of the business unit's goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles. As of December 31, 2017,September 30, 2018, the carrying values of Shave Care goodwill and the Gillette indefinite-lived intangible asset are $19.7were $19.5 billion and $15.7 billion, respectively.
The table below provides a sensitivity analysis for the Shave Care reporting unit and the Gillette indefinite lived intangible asset, utilizing reasonably possible changes in the assumptions for the residual growth rate and the discount rate, to demonstrate the potential impacts to the estimated fair values. The table below provides, in isolation, the estimated fair value impacts related to a 50 basis point decrease to our residual growth rate or a 50 basis point increase to our discount rate.
 Approximate Percent Change in Estimated Fair Value
 +50 bps Discount Rate -50 bps Long-term Growth
Shave Care goodwill reporting unit(10)% (7)%
Gillette indefinite-lived intangible asset(10)% (7)%



Amounts in millions of dollars unless otherwise specified.


5. Earnings Per Share
Basic net earnings per common share are calculated by dividing Net earnings attributable to Procter & Gamble less preferred dividends (net of related tax benefits), by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net earnings per common share are calculated using the treasury stock method on the basis of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the dilutive effect of stock options and other stock-based awards and the assumed conversion of preferred stock.
Net earnings per share were as follows:
 Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 Three Months Ended December 31, 2016
CONSOLIDATED AMOUNTSTotal Continuing OperationsDiscontinued OperationsTotal
Net earnings$2,561
 $2,561
$5,335
$7,896
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests(66) (21)
(21)
Net earnings attributable to P&G (Diluted)2,495
 2,540
5,335
7,875
Preferred dividends, net of tax benefit(62) (61)
(61)
Net earnings attributable to P&G available to common shareholders (Basic)$2,433
 $2,479
$5,335
$7,814
      
SHARES IN MILLIONS     
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding2,533.9
 2,596.6
2,596.6
2,596.6
Effect of dilutive securities     
Conversion of preferred shares (1)
95.5
 100.1
100.1
100.1
Exercise of stock options and other unvested equity awards (2)
40.2
 40.9
40.9
40.9
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding2,669.6
 2,737.6
2,737.6
2,737.6
      
PER SHARE AMOUNTS (3)
     
Basic net earnings per common share$0.96
 $0.96
$2.05
$3.01
Diluted net earnings per common share$0.93
 $0.93
$1.95
$2.88
      
 Six Months Ended December 31, 2017 Six Months Ended December 31, 2016
CONSOLIDATED AMOUNTSTotal Continuing OperationsDiscontinued OperationsTotal
Net earnings$5,431
 $5,436
$5,217
$10,653
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests(83) (64)
(64)
Net earnings attributable to P&G (Diluted)5,348
 5,372
5,217
10,589
Preferred dividends, net of tax benefit(124) (124)
(124)
Net earnings attributable to P&G available to common shareholders (Basic)$5,224
 $5,248
$5,217
$10,465
      
SHARES IN MILLIONS     
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding2,542.2
 2,635.6
2,635.6
2,635.6
Effect of dilutive securities     
Conversion of preferred shares (1)
96.0
 100.5
100.5
100.5
Exercise of stock options and other unvested equity awards (2)
41.9
 44.1
44.1
44.1
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding2,680.1
 2,780.2
2,780.2
2,780.2
      
PER SHARE AMOUNTS (3)
     
Basic net earnings per common share$2.05
 $1.99
$1.98
$3.97
Diluted net earnings per common share$2.00
 $1.93
$1.88
$3.81


Amounts in millions of dollars unless otherwise specified.


CONSOLIDATED AMOUNTSThree months ended September 30
 2018 2017
Net earnings$3,211
 $2,870
Less: Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests12
 17
Net earnings attributable to P&G (Diluted)3,199
 2,853
Preferred dividends, net of tax(66) (62)
Net earnings attributable to P&G available to common shareholders (Basic)$3,133
 $2,791
    
SHARES IN MILLIONS   
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding2,495.8
 2,550.5
Add: Effect of dilutive securities   
Conversion of preferred shares (1)
91.9
 96.6
Impact of stock options and other unvested equity awards (2)
24.4
 43.5
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding2,612.1
 2,690.6
    
NET EARNINGS PER SHARE (3)
   
Basic$1.26
 $1.09
Diluted$1.22
 $1.06
(1) 
Despite being included currently in Diluted net earnings per common share, the actual conversion to common stock occurs when the preferred shares are sold. Shares may only be sold after being allocated to the ESOP participants pursuant to the repayment of the ESOP's obligations through 2035.
(2) 
Weighted average outstanding stock options of approximately 2469 million and 2720 million for the three months ended December 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017 and 2016, and approximately 22 million and 27 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, were not included in the Diluted net earnings per share calculation because the options were out of the money or to do so would have been antidilutive (i.e., the total proceeds upon exercise would have exceeded the market value of the underlying common shares).
(3) 
Basic netNet earnings per common share and Diluted net earnings per common share are calculated on Net earnings attributable to Procter & Gamble.

6. Share-Based Compensation and Postretirement Benefits
The following table provides a summary of our share-based compensation expense and postretirement benefit costs:
Three Months Ended December 31 Six Months Ended December 31Three Months Ended September 30
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017
Share-based compensation expense$73
 $74
 $157
 $118
$102
 $84
Net periodic benefit cost for pension benefits (1)
52
 257
 103
 353
28
 51
Net periodic benefit cost/(credit) for other retiree benefits (1)
(38) 58
 (76) 39
(41) (38)
(1) 
The components of the total net periodic benefit cost for both pension benefits and other retiree benefits for those interim periods, on an annualized basis, do not differ materially from the amounts disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017, excluding the settlement, curtailment, and special termination costs related to the divestiture of the Beauty Brands business reported in Net earnings from discontinued operations.2018.
The disclosures above for both share-based compensation and postretirement benefits include amounts related to discontinued operations for the three and six months ended December 31, 2016. For both periods, this includes $186 of pension benefit costs and $34 of other retiree benefit costs related to settlements, curtailments and special terminations included in Net earnings from discontinued operations.


Amounts in millions of dollars unless otherwise specified.


7. Risk Management Activities and Fair Value Measurements
As a multinational company with diverse product offerings, we are exposed to market risks, such as changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates and commodity prices. There have been no significant changes in our risk management policies or activities during the sixthree months ended December 31, 2017.September 30, 2018.
The Company has not changed its valuation techniques used in measuring the fair value of any financial assets and liabilities during the period. The Company recognizes transfers between levels within the fair value hierarchy, if any, at the end of each

Amounts in millions of dollars unless otherwise specified.


quarter. There were no transfers between levels during the periods presented. Also, there was no significant activity within the Level 3 assets and liabilities during the periods presented. There were no significant assets or liabilities that were remeasured at fair value on a non-recurring basis for the sixthree months ended December 31, 2017.September 30, 2018.
The following table sets forth the Company’s financial assets as of December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 and June 30, 20172018 that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis during the period:
Fair Value AssetFair Value Asset
December 31, 2017 June 30, 2017September 30, 2018 June 30, 2018
Investments   
Investments:   
U.S. government securities$7,045
 $6,297
$5,233
 $5,544
Corporate bond securities4,281
 3,271
3,475
 3,737
Other investments115
 132
158
 141
Total$11,441
 $9,700
$8,866
 $9,422

Investment securities are presented in Available-for-sale investment securities and Other noncurrent assets. The amortized cost of U.S. government securities with maturities less than one year was $1,847$1,702 as of December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 and $2,494$2,003 as of June 30, 2017.2018. The amortized cost of U.S. government securities with maturities between one and five years was $5,267$3,658 as of December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 and $3,824$3,659 as of June 30, 2017.2018. The amortized cost of Corporate bond securities with maturities of less than a year was $874$1,431 as of December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 and $730$1,291 as of June 30, 2017.2018. The amortized cost of Corporate bond securities with maturities between one and five years was $3,433$2,095 as of December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 and $2,547$2,503 as of June 30, 2017.2018. The Company's investments measured at fair value are generally classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. There are no material investment balances classified as Level 1 or Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy, or using net asset value as a practical expedient. Fair values are generally estimated based upon quoted market prices for similar instruments.
The fair value of long-term debt was $25,579$23,260 and $21,396$23,402 as of December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017,2018, respectively. This includes the current portion of debt instruments ($1,7561,772 and $1,694$1,769 as of December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017,2018, respectively) of. Certain long-term debt instruments. Certain(debt tied to derivatives designated as a fair value hedge) is recorded at fair value. All other long-term debt is recorded at fair value. Certain long-term debt is not recorded at fair value on a recurring basisamortized cost, but is measured at fair value for disclosure purposes. Long-termWe consider our debt with fair value of $1,847 and $1,716 as of December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, respectively, is classified asto be Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. All remaining long-term debt is classified as Level 1 withinin the fair value hierarchy. Fair values are generally estimated based on quoted market prices for identical or similar instruments.
Disclosures about Financial Instruments
The following table sets forth the notional amounts and fair values of qualifying and non-qualifying financial instruments used in hedging transactions as of December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017:2018 are as follows:
 Notional Amount Derivative Fair Value Asset/(Liability)
 December 31, 2017 June 30, 2017 December 31, 2017 June 30, 2017
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships       
Interest rate contracts (1)
$4,640
 $4,552
 $137
 $178
Derivatives in Net Investment Hedging Relationships       
Foreign exchange contracts$6,504
 $6,102
 $(250) $(163)
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments       
Foreign currency contracts$5,374
 $4,969
 $(29) $18
 Notional Amount Fair Value Asset Fair Value (Liability)
 September 30, 2018 June 30, 2018 September 30, 2018 June 30, 2018 September 30, 2018 June 30, 2018
DERIVATIVES IN FAIR VALUE HEDGING RELATIONSHIPS
Interest rate contracts$4,588
 $4,587
 $110
 $125
 $(62) $(53)
DERIVATIVES IN NET INVESTMENT HEDGING RELATIONSHIPS
Foreign currency interest rate contracts$1,842
 $1,848
 $33
 $41
 $(76) $(75)
TOTAL DERIVATIVES DESIGNATED AS HEDGING INSTRUMENTS$6,430
 $6,435
 $143
 $166
 (138) (128)
            
DERIVATIVES NOT DESIGNATED AS HEDGING INSTRUMENTS
Foreign currency contracts$7,936
 $7,358
 $42
 $30
 $(21) $(56)
            
TOTAL DERIVATIVES AT FAIR VALUE$14,366
 $13,793
 $185
 $196
 (159) (184)

(1)
The fair value of the derivative asset/liability directly offsets the cumulative amount of the fair value hedging adjustment included in the carrying amount of the underlying debt obligation. The carrying amount of the underlying debt obligation, net of the fair value adjustment, was $4,755 as of December 31, 2017 and $4,705 as of June 30, 2017, respectively.

Amounts in millions of dollars unless otherwise specified.


All derivative assets are presented in Prepaid expenses and other current assets or Other noncurrent assets. All derivative liabilities are presented in Accrued and other liabilities or Other noncurrent liabilities.
The total notionalfair value of the interest rate derivative asset/liability directly offsets the cumulative amount of contracts outstanding at the endfair value hedging adjustment included in the carrying amount of the period is indicativeunderlying debt obligation. The carrying amount of the Company'sunderlying debt obligation, which includes the unamortized discount or premium and the fair value adjustment, was $4,618 and $4,639 as of September 30, 2018 and June 30, 2018, respectively. In addition to the foreign currency derivative activity duringcontracts designated as net investment hedges, certain of our foreign currency denominated debt instruments are designated as net investment hedges. The carrying value of those debt instruments designated as net investment hedges, which includes the period.adjustment for the foreign currency transaction

Amounts in millions of dollars unless otherwise specified.


gain or loss on those instruments, was $15,054 and $15,012 as of September 30, 2018 and June 30, 2018, respectively. All of the Company's derivative assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.
Before tax gains/(losses) on our financial instruments in hedging relationships are categorized as follows:
Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in AOCI on DerivativesAmount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivatives
December 31, 2017 June 30, 2017Three Months Ended September 30
Derivatives in Net Investment Hedging Relationships   
2018 2017
DERIVATIVES IN NET INVESTMENT HEDGING RELATIONSHIPS (1) (2)
   
Foreign exchange contracts$(156) $(104)$(43) $(184)

 Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Earnings
 Three Months Ended September 30
 2018 2017
DERIVATIVES IN FAIR VALUE HEDGING RELATIONSHIPS   
Interest rate contracts$(24) $(3)
DERIVATIVES NOT DESIGNATED AS HEDGING INSTRUMENTS   
Foreign currency contracts$(2) $(1)
The amounts of gains and losses on qualifying and non-qualifying financial instruments used in hedging transactions for the three and six months ended
December 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:
 Amount of Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings
 Three Months Ended December 31 Six Months Ended December 31
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships (1)
       
Foreign currency contracts$
 $107
 $
 $99
        
 Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Earnings
 Three Months Ended December 31 Six Months Ended December 31
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships (2)
       
Interest rate contracts$(38) $(152) $(41) $(180)
Debt38
 152
 41
 180
Total$
 $
 $
 $
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments (3)
       
Foreign currency contracts$(1) $(176) $(2) $(184)
(1) 
The gain or loss on cash flowFor the derivatives in net investment hedging relationships, is reclassifiedthe amount of gain/(loss) excluded from AOCI into net incomeeffectiveness testing, which was recognized in earnings, was $14 and $31 for the same period during which the related item affects earnings. Such amounts related to foreign currency contracts are included in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings in Selling, generalthree months ended September 30, 2018 and administrative expense (SG&A).2017, respectively.
(2) 
The gain or loss on the derivative instrument as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributableIn addition to the hedged risk are both recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings in Interest expense.
(3)
The gain or loss on foreign currency contracts not designated as hedging instruments is included in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings in SG&A. This gain or loss substantially offsets the foreign currency mark-to-market impactderivative contracts designated as net investment hedges, certain of the related exposure.our foreign currency denominated debt instruments are designated as net investment hedges. The amount of gain/(loss) recognized in AOCI for such instruments was $207 and $248, as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.


AmountsThe gain/(loss) on the derivatives in millionsfair value hedging relationships is fully offset by the mark-to-market impact of dollars unless otherwise specified.the related exposure. These are both recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings in Interest Expense. The gain/(loss) on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments is substantially offset by the currency mark-to-market of the related exposure. These are both recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings in SG&A.


8. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)
The table below presents the changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) by component and(AOCI), including the reclassifications out of Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss): by component:
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) by ComponentChanges in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) by Component
Hedges Investment Securities Pension and Other Retiree Benefits Financial Statement Translation TotalHedges Investment Securities Pension and Other Retiree Benefits Financial Statement Translation Total AOCI
Balance at June 30, 2017$(2,947) $(25) $(4,397) $(7,263) $(14,632)
Balance at June 30, 2018$(3,246) $(173) $(4,058) $(7,272) $(14,749)
OCI before reclassifications (1)
(630) (61) 1
 1,028
 338
7
 (4) 100
 (218) (115)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (2)

 (4) 127
 
 123

 (1) 52
 2
 53
Net current period OCI(630) (65) 128
 1,028
 461
7
 (5) 152
 (216) (62)
Balance at December 31, 2017$(3,577) $(90)��$(4,269) $(6,235) $(14,171)
Reclassification to retained earnings in accordance with ASU 2018-02 (3)
(18) 
 (308) 
 (326)
Less: Other comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
 
 
 (4) (4)
Balance at September 30, 2018$(3,257) $(178) $(4,214) $(7,484) $(15,133)

(1) 
Net of tax expense/(benefit) of $(378),$2, $0 and $23$20 for gains/losses on hedges, investment securities and pension and other retiree benefit items, respectively.
(2) 
Net of tax expense/(benefit) of $0, $0 and $49$16 for gains/losses on hedges, investment securities and pension and other retiree benefit items, respectively.
(3)
Adjustment made to early adopt ASU 2018-02: "Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income," as discussed in Note 2.

Amounts in millions of dollars unless otherwise specified.


The below provides additional details on the amounts reclassified from AOCI into the Consolidated StatementStatements of Earnings:
Hedges: see Note 7 for classification of gains and losses from hedges in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
Investment securities: amounts reclassified from AOCI into Other non-operating income, net.
Pension and other retiree benefits: amounts reclassified from AOCI into Cost of products sold and SG&AOther non-operating income, net and included in the computation of net periodic postretirement costs.

Financial statement translation: amounts reclassified from AOCI into SG&A.
9. Restructuring Program
The Company has historically incurred an ongoing annual level of restructuring-type activities to maintain a competitive cost structure, including manufacturing and workforce optimization. Before-tax costs incurred under the ongoing program have generally ranged from $250 to $500 annually.
In fiscal 2017, the Company announced specific elements of a multi-year productivity and cost savings plan to further reduce costs in the areas of supply chain, certain marketing activities and overhead expenses. During fiscal years 2018 and 2019, the Company expects to incur approximately $1.2 billion in before-tax restructuring costs under the plan. This program is expected to result in meaningful incremental non-manufacturing enrollment reductions, along with further optimization of the supply chain and other manufacturing processes.
Restructuring costs incurred consist primarily of costs to separate employees, asset-related costs to exit facilities and other costs. For the three and six month periodsperiod ended December 31, 2017,September 30, 2018, the Company incurred total restructuring charges of approximately $154 and $311, respectively. For the three and six month periods ended December 31, 2017, $48 and $87$137. Approximately $72 of these charges were recorded in SG&A, respectively. For the three and six month periods ended December 31, 2017, $106 and $224$64 of these charges were recorded in Cost of products sold, respectively.sold. The remainder of these charges were recorded in Other non-operating income, net. The following table presents restructuring activity for the sixthree months ended December 31, 2017:September 30, 2018:
    
 Six Months Ended December 31, 2017    Three Months Ended September 30, 2018  
Accrual Balance June 30, 2017 Charges Previously Reported (Three Months Ended September 30, 2017) Charges for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 Cash Spent Charges Against Assets Accrual Balance December 31, 2017Reserve Balance June 30, 2018 Charges Cash Spent Charges Against Assets Reserve Balance September 30, 2018
Separations$228
 $46
 $67
 $(74) $
 $267
$259
 $53
 $(62) $
 $250
Asset-related costs
 86
 58
 
 (144) 

 28
 
 (28) 
Other costs49
 25
 29
 (64) 
 39
254
 56
 (66) 
 244
Total$277
 $157
 $154
 $(138) $(144) $306
$513
 $137
 $(128) $(28) $494

Separation Costs
Employee separation charges for the three and six month periodsperiod ended December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 relate to severance packages for approximately 500 and 980 employees, respectively.470 employees. Separations related to non-manufacturing employees were approximately 250 and 390150 for the three and six month periodsperiod ended December 31, 2017, respectively.September 30, 2018. The packages were predominantly voluntary and the amounts were calculated based on salary levels and past service periods. Severance costs related to voluntary separations are generally charged to earnings when the employee accepts the offer.
Asset-Related Costs
Asset-related costs consist of both asset write-downs and accelerated depreciation. Asset write-downs relate to the establishment of a new fair value basis for assets held-for-sale or disposal. These assets were written down to the lower of their current carrying basis or amounts expected to be realized upon disposal, less minor disposal costs. Charges for accelerated depreciation relate to long-lived assets that will be taken out of service prior to the end of their normal service period. These assets relate primarily to manufacturing consolidations and technology standardizations. The asset-related charges will not have a significant impact on future depreciation charges.
Other Costs
Other restructuring-type charges are incurred as a direct result of the restructuring program. Such charges primarily include asset removal and termination of contracts related to supply chain optimization.
Consistent with our historical policies for ongoing restructuring-type activities, the restructuring program charges are funded by and included within Corporate for both management and segment reporting. Accordingly, all of the charges under the program are included within the Corporate reportable segment. However, for informative purposes, the following table summarizes the total restructuring costs related to our reportable segments:
Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 Six Months Ended December 31, 2017Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Beauty$13
 $33
$10
Grooming5
 11
6
Health Care3
 7
8
Fabric & Home Care25
 55
13
Baby, Feminine & Family Care50
 101
21
Corporate (1)
58
 104
79
Total Company$154
 $311
$137
(1) 
Corporate includes costs related to allocated overheads, including charges related to our Sales and Market Operations, Global Business Services and Corporate Functions activities.

10. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims arising out of our business which cover a wide range of matters such as antitrust, trade and other governmental regulations, product liability, patent and trademark, advertising, contracts, environmental, labor and employment and tax. With respect to these and other litigation and claims, while considerable uncertainty exists, in the opinion of management and our counsel, the ultimate resolution of the various lawsuits and claims will not materially affect our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
We are also subject to contingencies pursuant to environmental laws and regulations that in the future may require us to take action to correct the effects on the environment of prior manufacturing and waste disposal practices. Based on currently available information, we do not believe the ultimate resolution of environmental remediation will materially affect our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Income Tax Uncertainties
The Company is present in approximately 140150 taxable jurisdictions and, at any point in time, has 50 – 60 jurisdictional audits underway at various stages of completion. We evaluate our tax positions and establish liabilities for uncertain tax positions that may be challenged by local authorities and may not be fully sustained, despite our belief that the underlying tax positions are fully supportable. Uncertain tax positions are reviewed on an ongoing basis and are adjusted in light of changing facts and circumstances, including progress of tax audits, developments in case law and closing of statutes of limitations. Such adjustments are reflected in the tax provision as appropriate. We have tax years open ranging from 2008 and forward. We are generally not able to reliably estimate the ultimate settlement amounts until the close of the audit. While we do not expect material changes, it is possible that the amount of unrecognized benefit with respect to our uncertain tax positions could increase or decrease within the next 12 months. At this time, we are not able to make a reasonable estimate of the range of impact on the balance of uncertain tax positions or the impact on the effective tax rate related to these items.
Additional information on the Commitments and Contingencies of the Company can be found in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2017.

Amounts in millions of dollars unless otherwise specified.


11. Discontinued Operations
On October 1, 2016, the Company completed the divestiture of four product categories to Coty, Inc. (“Coty”). The divestiture included 41 of the Company's beauty brands (“Beauty Brands”), including the global salon professional hair care and color, retail hair color, cosmetics and a majority of the fine fragrance businesses, along with select hair styling brands. The form of the divestiture transaction was a Reverse Morris Trust split-off, in which P&G shareholders were given the election to exchange their P&G shares for shares of a new corporation that held the Beauty Brands (Galleria Co.), and then immediately exchange those shares for Coty shares. The value P&G received in the transaction was $11.4 billion. The value was comprised of 105 million shares of common stock of the Company, which were tendered by shareholders of the Company and exchanged for the Galleria Co. shares, valued at approximately $9.4 billion, and the assumption of $1.9 billion of debt by Galleria Co. The shares tendered in the transaction were reflected as an addition to treasury stock and the cash received related to the debt assumed by Coty was reflected as an investing activity in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The Company recorded an after-tax gain on the final transaction of $5.3 billion, net of transaction and related costs.
In accordance with applicable accounting guidance for the disposal of long-lived assets, the results of the Beauty Brands business are presented as discontinued operations and, as such, have been excluded from both continuing operations and segment results for the three and six months ended December 31, 2016. The Beauty Brands were historically part of the Company's Beauty reportable segment.2018.
The following is selected financial information underlying the Net earnings from discontinued operations for the Beauty Brands:
 Three Months Ended December 31, 2016 Six Months Ended December 31, 2016 
Net sales$
 $1,159
 
Cost of products sold
 450
 
Selling, general and administrative expense
 783
 
Interest expense
 14
 
Other non-operating income/(expense), net
 16
 
Earnings/(loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes
 (72) 
Income taxes on discontinued operations
 46
 
Gain on sale of business before income taxes5,197
 5,197
 
Income tax expense/(benefit) on sale of business(138)
(1) 
(138)
(1) 
Net earnings from discontinued operations$5,335
 $5,217
 

(1)
The income tax benefit of the Beauty Brands divestiture represents the reversal of underlying deferred tax balances offset by current tax expense related to the transaction.
The Beauty Brands incurred transition costs of $167, after-tax, for the three months ended September 30, 2016, included in the above table. Residual transaction costs for the three months ended December 31, 2016 are included in the gain on the sale of business in the table above.
The following is selected financial information related to cash flows from discontinued operations for the Beauty Brands:
 Six Months Ended December 31, 2016
NON-CASH OPERATING ITEMS 
Depreciation and amortization$24
Deferred income tax benefit(649)
Before tax gain on sale of businesses5,210
Net increase in accrued taxes382
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES 
Cash taxes paid129
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES 
Capital expenditures38



Amounts in millions of dollars unless otherwise specified.


Item 2.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements in this report, other than purely historical information, including estimates, projections, statements relating to our business plans, objectives, and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward-looking statements may appear throughout this report, including without limitation, the following sections: “Management's Discussion and Analysis”Analysis,” “Risk Factors,” and “Risk Factors.”"Notes 4 and 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements." These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words “believe,” “project,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “strategy,” “future,” “opportunity,” “plan,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions, which are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events or otherwise.
Risks and uncertainties to which our forward-looking statements are subject include, without limitation: (1) the ability to successfully manage global financial risks, including foreign currency fluctuations, currency exchange or pricing controls and localized volatility; (2) the ability to successfully manage local, regional or global economic volatility, including reduced market growth rates, and to generate sufficient income and cash flow to allow the Company to affect the expected share repurchases and dividend payments; (3) the ability to manage disruptions in credit markets or changes to our credit rating; (4) the ability to maintain key manufacturing and supply arrangements (including execution of supply chain optimizations and sole supplier and sole manufacturing plant arrangements) and to manage disruption of business due to factors outside of our control, such as natural disasters and acts of war or terrorism; (5) the ability to successfully manage cost fluctuations and pressures, including prices of commodities and raw materials, and costs of labor, transportation, energy, pension and healthcare; (6) the ability to stay on the leading edge of innovation, obtain necessary intellectual property protections and successfully respond to changing consumer habits and technological advances attained by, and patents granted to, competitors; (7) the ability to compete with our local and global competitors in new and existing sales channels, including by successfully responding to competitive factors such as prices, promotional incentives and trade terms for products; (8) the ability to manage and maintain key customer relationships; (9) the ability to protect our reputation and brand equity by successfully managing real or perceived issues, including concerns about safety, quality, ingredients, efficacy or similar matters that may arise; (10) the ability to successfully manage the financial, legal, reputational and operational risk associated with third-party relationships, such as our suppliers, distributors, contractors and external business partners; (11) the ability to rely on and maintain key company and third party information technology systems, networks and services, and maintain the security and functionality of such systems, networks and services and the data contained therein; (12) the ability to successfully manage uncertainties related to changing political conditions (including the United Kingdom’s decision to leave the European Union) and potential implications such as exchange rate fluctuations and market contraction; (13) the ability to successfully manage regulatory and legal requirements and matters (including, without limitation, those laws and regulations involving product liability, intellectual property, antitrust, data protection, tax, environmental, and accounting and financial reporting) and to resolve pending matters within current estimates; (14) the ability to manage changes in applicable tax laws and regulations including maintaining our intended tax treatment of divestiture transactions; (15) the ability to successfully manage our ongoing acquisition, divestiture and joint venture activities, in each case to achieve the Company’s overall business strategy and financial objectives, without impacting the delivery of base business objectives; and (16) the ability to successfully achieve productivity improvements and cost savings and manage ongoing organizational changes, while successfully identifying, developing and retaining key employees, including in key growth markets where the availability of skilled or experienced employees may be limited.  A detailed discussion of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from those projected herein, is included without limitation, in the section titled "Economic“Economic Conditions and Uncertainties"Uncertainties” and the section titled “Risk Factors” (Part II, Item 1A1A) of this Form 10-Q). We undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events or otherwise.10-Q.
The purpose of Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) is to provide an understanding of Procter & Gamble's financial condition, results of operations and cash flows by focusing on changes in certain key measures from year to year. The MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. The MD&A is organized in the following sections:
Overview
Summary of Results – SixThree Months Ended December 31, 2017September 30, 2018
Economic Conditions and Uncertainties
Results of Operations – Three and Six Months Ended December 31, 2017September 30, 2018
Business Segment Discussion – Three and Six Months Ended December 31, 2017
Business Segment Discussion – Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Reconciliation of Measures Not Defined by U.S. GAAP
Throughout the MD&A, we refer to measures used by management to evaluate performance, including unit volume growth, net sales and net earnings. We also refer to a number of financial measures that are not defined under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP), including organic sales growth, core net earnings per share (Core EPS), adjusted free cash flow and adjusted free cash flow productivity. The explanation at the end of the MD&A provides the definition of these non-GAAP measures as well as details on the use and the derivation of these measures.
Management also uses certain market share and market consumption estimates to evaluate performance relative to competition despite some limitations on the availability and comparability of share and consumption information. References to market share and market consumption in the MD&A are based on a combination of vendor-reported consumption and market size data, as well as internal estimates. All market share references represent the percentage of sales in dollar terms on a constant currency basis of our products, relative to all product sales in the category.

OVERVIEW
P&G is a global leader in fast-moving consumer goods, focused on providing branded consumer packaged goods of superior quality and value to our consumers around the world. Our products are sold in more than 180 countries and territories primarily through mass merchandisers, e-commerce, grocery stores, membership club stores, drug stores, department stores, distributors, wholesalers, baby stores, specialty beauty stores, e-commerce, high-frequency stores and pharmacies. We have on-the-ground operations in approximately 70 countries.
Our market environment is highly competitive with global, regional and local competitors. In many of the markets and industry segments in which we sell our products, we compete against other branded products as well as retailers' private-label brands. Additionally, many of the product segments in which we compete are differentiated by price tiers (referred to as super-premium, premium, mid-tier and value-tier products). We are well positioned in the industry segments and markets in which we operate, often holding a leadership or significant market share position.
The table below provides detail on our reportable segments, including the product categories and brand composition within each segment.
Reportable SegmentsProduct Categories (Sub-Categories)Major Brands
Beauty
Hair Care (Conditioner, Shampoo, Styling Aids, Treatments)
Head & Shoulders, Pantene, Rejoice
Skin and Personal Care (Antiperspirant and Deodorant, Personal Cleansing, Skin Care)
Olay, Old Spice, Safeguard, SK-II
Grooming
Grooming (1) (Shave Care - Female Blades & Razors, Male Blades & Razors, Pre- and Post-Shave Products, Other Shave Care; Appliances)
Braun, Fusion, Gillette, Mach3, Prestobarba, Venus
Health Care
Oral Care (Toothbrushes, Toothpaste, Other Oral Care)
Crest, Oral-B
Personal Health Care (Gastrointestinal, Rapid Diagnostics, Respiratory, Vitamins/Minerals/Supplements, Other Personal Health Care)
Metamucil, Prilosec, Vicks
Fabric & Home Care
Fabric Care (Fabric Enhancers, Laundry Additives, Laundry Detergents)
Ariel, Downy, Gain, Tide
Home Care (Air Care, Dish Care, P&G Professional, Surface Care)
Cascade, Dawn, Febreze, Mr. Clean, Swiffer
Baby, Feminine & Family Care
Baby Care (Baby Wipes, Diapers and Pants)
Luvs, Pampers
Feminine Care (Adult Incontinence, Feminine Care)
Always, Tampax
Family Care (Paper Towels, Tissues, Toilet Paper)
Bounty, Charmin, Puffs
(1) 
The Grooming product category is comprised of the Shave Care and Appliances Global Business Units.
The following table provides the percentage of net sales and net earnings by reportable business segment for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 (excluding net sales and net earnings in Corporate):
Three Months Ended December 31 Six Months Ended December 31Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Net Sales Net Earnings Net Sales Net EarningsNet Sales Net Earnings
Beauty19% 23% 19% 23%20% 25%
Grooming10% 15% 10% 14%9% 12%
Health Care13% 16% 12% 14%11% 11%
Fabric & Home Care31% 25% 32% 27%33% 29%
Baby, Feminine & Family Care27% 21% 27% 22%27% 23%
Total Company100% 100% 100% 100%100% 100%
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
Following are highlights of results for the sixthree months ended December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 versus the sixthree months ended December 31, 2016September 30, 2017:
Net sales increased 2% to $34were unchanged at $16.7 billion. Organic sales, which exclude the impacts of acquisitions and divestitures and foreign exchange, also increased 2%4%. Organic sales increased 7% in Beauty, 3%4% in Grooming and Health Care and 2%5% in Fabric & Home Care. Organic sales declineddecreased 1% in Baby, Feminine & Family Care and 4% in Grooming.Care.
Unit volume increased 1%3%, with organic volume also up 2%3%. Volume increased mid-single digits in Grooming and Fabric & Home Care and low single digits in Fabric & Home Care,Beauty, Health Care and Beauty, was unchanged in Grooming and decreased low single digits in Baby, Feminine & Family Care. Excluding the impacts of the PGT Healthcare partnership dissolution and other minor brand divestitures, organic volume was unchangedincreased mid-single digits in Baby, Feminine & FamilyHealth Care.
Net earnings from continuing operations were $5.4$3.2 billion, unchangedan increase of $341 million, or 12% versus the prior year. An increaseyear due to a reduction in earnings before income taxes driven primarily by sales growth and prior year charges for early debt extinguishment, were offset by an increase in taxes due(due primarily to the transitional impactongoing impacts of the U.S. Tax Act.Act) and a gain on the dissolution of the PGT Healthcare partnership.
Diluted net earnings per share from continuing operations increased 4%15% to $2.00$1.22 due primarily to the increase in net earnings and a reduction in shares outstanding caused by both cash repurchases and shares acquired as part of the prior year Beauty Brands divestiture.due to share repurchases.
Net earnings attributable to Procter & Gamble decreased $5.2 billionincreased $346 million or 49%12% versus the prior year period to $5.3$3.2 billion. The decline was primarily due to reduction in earnings from discontinued operations related to the base period gain from Beauty Brands divestiture.
Core net earnings attributable to Procter & Gamble, which represents net earnings from continuing operations, excluding U.S. tax reform transitional impacts,the current period gain on the dissolution of the PGT Healthcare partnership and incremental restructuring charges and the base period charge for early extinguishment of debt, increased 4% to $6.1in both periods, was unchanged at $2.9 billion. Core net earnings per share increased 8%3% to $2.28$1.12 due to the increase in core net earnings and the reduction in shares outstanding.
Operating cash flow was $7.3$3.6 billion. FreeAdjusted free cash flow, which is operating cash flow less capital expenditures and certain other impacts, was $5.4$2.7 billion. Adjusted free cash flow productivity which is the ratio ofwas 95%. Adjusted free cash flow toand adjusted net earnings, was 89%.free cash flow productivity are defined in the section entitled "Reconciliation of Measures not defined by U.S. GAAP"
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND UNCERTAINTIES
Global Economic Conditions. Current macroeconomic factors remain dynamic, and any causes of market size contraction, such as reduced GDP in commodity-dependent economies, greater political unrest in the Middle East, Central & Eastern Europe and the Korean peninsula, further economic instability inuncertainty related to the execution of the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union, political instability in certain Latin American markets furtherand overall economic slowdowns, in Japan and China and changes to international trade agreements in North America and elsewhere, could reduce our sales or erode our operating margin, in either case reducing our earnings.
Changes in Costs. Our costs are subject to fluctuations, particularly due to changes in commodity prices, transportation costs and our own productivity efforts. We have significant exposures to certain commodities, in particular certain oil-derived materials like resins and paper-based materials like pulp, and volatility in the market price of these commodity input materials has a direct impact on our costs. If we are unable to manage commodity fluctuations through pricing actions, cost savings projects and sourcing decisions, as well as through consistent productivity improvements, it may adversely impact our gross margin, operating margin and net earnings. Sales could also be adversely impacted following pricing actions if there is a negative impact on consumption of our products. We strive to implement, achieve and sustain cost improvement plans, including outsourcing projects, supply chain optimization and general overhead and workforce optimization. As discussed later in this MD&A, in 2012 we initiated certain non-manufacturing overhead reduction projects along with manufacturing and other supply chain cost improvement projects in 2012.projects. In fiscal 2016,2017, we announcedcommunicated specific elements of an additional multi-year cost reduction program. This program which is resulting in meaningful non-manufacturing enrollment reductions and other savings. If we are not successful in executing and sustaining these changes, there could be a negative impact on our operating margin and net earnings.
Foreign Exchange. We have both translation and transaction exposure to the fluctuation of exchange rates. Translation exposures relate to exchange rate impacts of measuring income statements of foreign subsidiaries that do not use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. Transaction exposures relate to 1) the impact from input costs that are denominated in a currency other than the local reporting currency and 2) the revaluation of transaction-related working capital balances denominated in currencies other than the functional currency. OverIn four of the prior fourpast five fiscal years, as well as the current year, the U.S. dollar had strengthened versus a number of foreign currencies leading to lower sales and earnings from these foreign exchange impacts. Certain countries experiencing significant exchange rate fluctuations, like Argentina, Egypt, Nigeria, Russia, Turkey, Brazil, China and the United KingdomIndia have previously had, and could in the future have, a significant impact on our sales, costs and earnings. Increased pricing in response to certain fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may offset portions of the currency impacts but could also have a negative impact on consumption of our products, which would affect our sales.sales and profits.
Government Policies. Our net earnings could be affected by changes in U.S. or foreign government tax policies, for example, the recently enacted U.S. Tax Act enacted in December 2017, the implications and uncertainties of which are disclosed elsewhere in this report. Additionally, we attempt to carefully manage our debt, currency and currency exposureother exposures in certain countries with currency exchange, import authorization and pricing controls, such as Nigeria, Algeria and Egypt. Further, our earnings and sales could be affected by changes to international trade agreements in North America and elsewhere, including increases of import tariffs, both currently effective and future potential changes. Changes in government policies in these areas might cause an increase or decrease in our sales, operating margin and net earnings.
For information on risk factors that could impact our results, please refer to “Risk Factors” in Part II,I, Item 1A of this 10-Q.the Company's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – Three Months Ended December 31, 2017September 30, 2018
The following discussion provides a review of results for the three months ended December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 versus the three months ended December 31, 2016.September 30, 2017.
Three Months Ended December 31Three Months Ended September 30
Amounts in millions, except per share amounts2017 2016 % Chg2018 2017 % Chg
Net sales$17,395 $16,856 3%$16,690 $16,653 —%
Operating income4,003 3,875 3%3,554 3,648 (3)%
Net earnings from continuing operations2,561 2,561 —%
Net earnings from discontinued operations 5,335 N/A
Net earnings3,211 2,870 12%
Net earnings attributable to Procter & Gamble2,495 7,875 (68)%3,199 2,853 12%
Diluted net earnings per common share0.93 2.88 (68)%1.22 1.06 15%
Diluted net earnings per share from continuing operations0.93 0.93 —%
Core net earnings per common share1.19 1.08 10%1.12 1.09 3%
Three Months Ended December 31Three Months Ended September 30
COMPARISONS AS A % OF NET SALES2017 2016 Basis Pt Chg
COMPARISONS AS A PERCENTAGE OF NET SALES2018 2017 Basis Pt Chg
Gross profit50.2% 50.8% (60)49.2% 50.3% (110)
Selling, general & administrative expense27.2% 27.8% (60)27.9% 28.4% (50)
Operating income23.0% 23.0% 21.3% 21.9% (60)
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes23.2% 19.3% 390
Net earnings from continuing operations14.7% 15.2% (50)
Earnings before income taxes23.6% 22.5% 110
Net earnings19.2% 17.2% 200
Net earnings attributable to Procter & Gamble14.3% 46.7% (3,240)19.2% 17.1% 210
Net Sales
Net sales for the quarter increased 3% to $17.4were unchanged versus the previous period at $16.7 billion including a onethree percent positivenegative impact from foreign exchange. Unit volume increased 2%3%. AExcluding the impact of minor brand divestitures, organic volume also increased 3%. Mix was a one percent positive impact from mix,to net sales, driven by disproportionate organic growth of the Skin and Personal Care and Personal Health Care categories and developed regions, all of which have higher than company average prices, was offset by a negative pricing impact of one percent.prices. Volume increased mid singlemid-single digits in HealthFabric & Home Care and Grooming and increased low single digits in Beauty, GroomingHealth Care and Fabric & Home Care. Volume decreased low single digits in Baby, Feminine & Family Care. Excluding minor brand divestitures, Fabric & Homethe impact of the PGT Healthcare partnership dissolution, Health Care organic volume increased mid- singlemid-single digits. Volume increased low singlemid-single digits in developed regions and was unchanged in developing regions. Excluding the impact of minor brand divestitures, organic volume increased low single digits in developing regions. Organic sales increased 2%4%.
Net Sales Change Drivers 2018 vs. 2017 (Three Months Ended December 31) (1)
Net Sales Change Drivers 2018 vs. 2017 (Three Months Ended September 30) (1)
Volume with Acquisitions & Divestitures Volume Excluding Acquisitions & Divestitures Foreign Exchange Price Mix 
Other (2)
 Net Sales GrowthVolume with Acquisitions & Divestitures Volume Excluding Acquisitions & Divestitures Foreign Exchange Price Mix 
Other (2)
 Net Sales Growth
Beauty2% 2% 1% —% 7% —% 10%3% 3% (3)% 2% 3% —% 5%
Grooming1% 1% 2% (4)% —% —% (1)%5% 5% (4)% 1% (2)% (1)% (1)%
Health Care4% 4% 3% (1)% 1% —% 7%1% 4% (2)% —% (1)% (1)% (3)%
Fabric & Home Care3% 4% 1% (1)% —% —% 3%4% 5% (2)% (1)% 1% —% 2%
Baby, Feminine & Family Care(1)% (1)% 1% (1)% —% —% (1)%1% 1% (2)% (1)% —% (1)% (3)%
Total Company2% 2% 1% (1)% 1% —% 3%3% 3% (3)% —% 1% (1)% —%
(1)    Net sales percentage changes are approximations based on quantitative formulas that are consistently applied.
(2)    Other includes the sales mix impact from acquisitions/acquisitions and divestitures, the impact from India Goods and Services Tax implementationthe July 1, 2018 adoption of new accounting standards for "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" and rounding impacts necessary to reconcile volume to net sales.
Operating Costs
Gross margin decreased 60110 basis points to 50.2%49.2% of net sales for the quarter. Gross margin benefited from 150170 basis points of gross manufacturing cost savings projects (120(which nets to 100 basis points netdue to 30 basis points of product and packaging reinvestments)reinvestments and 40 basis points of lower restructuring costs and other impacts.manufacturing cyclicality impacts). This was offset by:
a 90100 basis point decline due to higher commodity costs,
a 7060 basis point decline from unfavorable product mix (primarily within segments due to disproportionate growth of lower margin products forms in Fabric Care, large sizes and club channels in certain categories),
a 50 basis point decline from reduced pricing and
a 1060 basis point decline from unfavorable foreign exchange.exchange
Total SG&A spending increased 1%decreased 2% to $4.7 billion due to increasesdecreases in overhead and marketing spending and other operating expense, partially offset by reductions in overhead spending.costs. SG&A as a percentage of net sales decreased 6050 basis points to 27.2%27.9%. Reductions in bothoverhead costs and marketing and overhead costsspending as a percentage of net sales were partially offset by an increase in other net operating expensescosts as a percentage of net sales. Overhead costs as a percentage of net sales decreased 8040 basis points due to productivity savings and leverage frompositive scale impacts of the organic net sales growth,increase, partially offset by wage inflation and other investments.an increase in restructuring costs. Marketing spending as a percentage of net sales decreased 40100 basis points primarily due to reductionsthe positive scale impacts of the organic net sales increase, savings in agency compensation, and production costs and other spending.advertising spending, and the impact of adopting the new standard on "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" which prospectively reclassified certain customer spending from marketing (SG&A) expense to a reduction of net sales. Other net operating costs as a percentage of net sales increased 6090 basis points primarily due to a gain on the sale of real estatean increase in the base period.foreign exchange transactional charges. Productivity-driven cost savings delivered 4080 basis points of benefit in SG&A.
Non-Operating Expenses and Income
Interest expense was $122 million for the quarter, unchanged versus the prior year period. Interest income was $66$129 million for the quarter, an increase of $24$14 million versus the prior year period due to an increase in interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents balances and availableweighted average interest rates. Interest income was $53 million for sale investment securities balances.the quarter, a marginal increase versus the prior year period. Other non-operating income was $86$462 million, primarily related to gains from minor brand divestitures. The basean increase of $293 million versus the prior year period had net other non-operating expenses of $539 million, primarily due to a charge related to$355 million before-tax gain from the early extinguishmentdissolution of debt.the PGT Healthcare partnership, partially offset by the impact of minor brand divestiture gains in the base period.
Income Taxes on Continuing Operations
For the three months ended December 31, 2017,September 30, 2018 the effective tax rate on continuing operations increased 1510decreased 500 basis points versus the prior year period to 36.5%. A net transitional charge of $628 million resulting from the enactment of the U.S. Tax Act caused 18.5% due to:
a 1560390 basis point increase in the current period rate (see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion). The remaining net reduction of 50 basis points was caused primarily by:
a 340 basis-point reduction from the ongoing impacts of the U.S. Tax Act, as the impact of the lower blended U.S. Federalfederal rate on current period earnings versus prior year rate was largelypartially offset by reduced foreign tax credits versus prior year due to the inability to fully credit foreign taxes that were previously included in our estimated annual effective tax rate,under the U.S. Tax Act,
a 70 basis-point180 basis point reduction from activity related to divestitures (30the tax impact of the gain on the dissolution of the PGT Healthcare partnership,
a 40 basis point reduction from favorable impacts from geographic mix of earnings,
a 60 basis point increase from reduced excess tax benefits from the exercise of stock options (50 basis points favorable in the current year versus 40110 basis points unfavorable in the prior year), and
a reduction of approximately 200 basis-points from favorable geographic mix of earnings,
a 380 basis-point50 basis point increase from reduced favorable discrete impacts related to uncertain tax positions (0(10 basis points unfavorable in the current year versus 38040 basis points favorable in the prior year) and
a 210 basis-point increase from the impact of the prior year extinguishment of long-term debt.period).
Net Earnings from Continuing Operations
Net earnings from continuing operations were unchanged at $2.6increased $341 million or 12% to $3.2 billion for the quarter. An increase in net earnings from continuing operations before income taxes, drivenquarter, due primarily by increased net salesto the gain on the dissolution of the PGT Healthcare partnership and the base period charge for early extinguishment of debt, weredecrease in the effective tax rate, partially offset by the net charge for the transitional impactdecrease in gross margin, all of the U.S. Tax Act.which are discussed above. Foreign exchange impacts had a positive effect of about $100negative $255 million impact on net earnings for the quarter, consideringincluding both transactional charges and translational impacts from converting earnings from foreign subsidiaries to U.S. dollars. Diluted net earnings per share from continuing operations was unchanged at $0.93.
Discontinued Operations
Net earnings from discontinued operations were zero in the current period versus net earnings of $5.3 billion in the prior year period due to the gain from the Beauty Brands divestiture. (see Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Net Earnings
Net earnings attributable to Procter & Gamble decreased 68%increased $346 million or 12% to $2.5$3.2 billion for the quarter. The decrease was primarily due to reduction in earnings from discontinued operations and increase in income tax expense from the transitional impact of the U.S. Tax Act as discussed above. Diluted net earnings per share decreased 68%increased 15% to $0.93.$1.22. The difference between the change in net earnings and diluted net earnings per share was due to a reduction in the number of shares outstanding. Core net earnings per share increased 10%3% to $1.19.$1.12. Core net earnings per share represents diluted net earnings per share from continuing operations excluding the current period charge for the transitional impact of the U.S. Tax Act, the base period charge for early debt extinguishment, and incremental restructuring charges in both periods related to our productivity and cost savings plans. The increase in core net earnings per share was driven primarily by the increase in net sales and a lower effective tax rate due to the ongoing impacts of the U.S. Tax Act.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – Six Months Ended December 31, 2017
The following discussion provides a review of results for the six months ended December 31, 2017 versus the six months ended December 31, 2016.
 Six Months Ended December 31
Amounts in millions, except per share amounts2017 2016 % Chg
Net sales$34,048 $33,374 2%
Operating income7,738 7,646 1%
Net earnings from continuing operations5,431 5,436 —%
Net earnings from discontinued operations 5,217 N/A
Net earnings attributable to Procter & Gamble5,348 10,589 (49)%
Diluted net earnings per common share2.00 3.81 (48)%
Diluted net earnings per share from continuing operations2.00 1.93 4%
Core net earnings per common share2.28 2.11 8%
 
 Six Months Ended December 31
COMPARISONS AS A % OF NET SALES2017 2016 Basis Pt Chg
Gross profit50.4% 50.9% (50)
Selling, general & administrative expense27.6% 27.9% (30)
Operating income22.7% 22.9% (20)
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes22.9% 21.0% 190
Net earnings from continuing operations16.0% 16.3% (30)
Net earnings attributable to Procter & Gamble15.7% 31.7% (1,600)
Net Sales
Net sales for the six months ended December 31, 2017 increased 2% to $34 billion including a one percent benefit from favorable foreign exchange impacts. Unit volume increased 1%. Excluding the impact of minor brand divestitures, organic volume increased 2%. Mix had a positive impact of 1% on net sales due to the disproportionate growth of super-premium SK-II brand, Oral care power brush products and developed regions, all of which have higher than company average prices. Reduced pricing had a negative impact of 1% on net sales. Volume increased low single digits in Beauty, Health Care and Fabric & Home Care and was unchanged in Grooming. Volume decreased low single digits in Baby, Feminine & Family Care. Excluding minor brand divestitures, Baby, Feminine & Family Care organic volume was unchanged. Volume increased low single digits in developed regions and was unchanged in developing regions. Excluding the impact of minor brand divestitures, organic volume increased low single digits in developing regions. Organic sales increased 2% driven by a 2% increase in organic volume.
 
Net Sales Change Drivers 2018 vs. 2017 (Six Months Ended December 31) (1)
 Volume with Acquisitions & Divestitures Volume Excluding Acquisitions & Divestitures Foreign Exchange Price Mix 
Other (2)
 Net Sales Growth
Beauty1% 1% —% 1% 5% —% 7%
Grooming—% —% 2% (4)% (1)% —% (3)%
Health Care2% 2% 2% —% 1% —% 5%
Fabric & Home Care3% 3% —% —% (1)% —% 2%
Baby, Feminine & Family Care(1)% —% 1% (1)% —% —% (1)%
Total Company1% 2% 1% (1)% 1% —% 2%
(1)    Net sales percentage changes are approximations based on quantitative formulas that are consistently applied.
(2)    Other includes the sales mix impact from acquisitions/divestitures, the impact from India Goods and Services Tax implementation and rounding impacts necessary to reconcile volume to net sales.
Operating Costs
Gross margin decreased 50 basis points to 50.4% of net sales for the six months ending December 31, 2017 versus the prior period. Gross margin benefited from 150 basis points of manufacturing cost savings projects (120 basis points net of product and packaging reinvestments) and 20 basis points of lower restructuring costs versus the base period. These benefits were offset by:
a 80 basis point decline due to higher commodity costs,
a 50 basis point decline from unfavorable product mix (within segments due to disproportionate growth of large sizes and club channels and between segments caused by the disproportionate volume growth in Fabric & Home Care, which has lower than company-average gross margin),
a 30 basis point decline from unfavorable foreign exchange and
a 30 basis point decline from the impact of reduced pricing.
Total SG&A spending increased 1% to $9.4 billion due to increases in both marketing and overhead spending. SG&A as a percentage of net sales decreased 30 basis points to 27.6% primarily due to a 20 basis-point reduction in marketing spending as a percentage of net sales, driven by reductions in agency compensation and production costs. Overhead costs as a percentage of net sales decreased 10 basis points due to productivity savings and sales growth leverage, partially offset by wage inflation and other investments. Other operating expenses decreased marginally due to lower foreign exchange transactional charges, partially offset by the base period impact from the gain the sale of real estate. Productivity-driven cost savings delivered 50 basis points of benefit in SG&A.
Non-Operating Expenses and Income
Interest expense was $237 million for the current period, a decrease of $16 million versus the prior year period, due to a decrease in weighted average interest rates. Interest income was $115 million for the quarter, an increase of $38 million versus the prior year period, due to an increase in interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents balances and available for sale investment securities. Other non-operating income was $168 million primarily from gains from minor brand divestitures. The base period had net other non-operating expenses of $476 million, due to charges for the early extinguishment of debt.
Income Taxes on Continuing Operations
For the six months ended December 31, 2017, the effective tax rate on continuing operations increased 790 basis points versus the prior year period to 30.2%. A net transitional charge of $628 million resulting from the enactment of the U.S. Tax Act caused an 810 basis-point increase in the current period rate (see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion). The remaining 20 basis point reduction in the effective rate was driven by:
a 180 basis-point reduction from the ongoing impacts of the Tax Act, as the impact of the lower blended U. S. federal rate was largely offset by the inability to fully credit foreign taxes that were previously included in our estimated annual effective tax rate,
a 60 basis-point reduction from activity related to divestitures (10 basis points favorable in the current year versus 50 basis points unfavorable in the prior year),
a reduction of approximately 150 basis-points from favorable geographic mix of earnings,
a 170 basis-point increase from reduced favorable discrete impacts related to uncertain tax positions (20 basis points in the current year versus 190 basis points in the prior year),
a 120 basis-point increase from reduced excess tax benefits from share-based compensation (70 basis points in the current year versus 190 basis points in the prior year) and
a 100 basis-point increase from the prior year extinguishment of long-term debt.
Net Earnings from Continuing Operations
Net earnings from continuing operations were unchanged at $5.4 billion for the period. An increase in net earnings from continuing operations before income taxes, driven primarily by increased net sales and the base period charge for early extinguishment of debt, were offset by the current period net charge for the transitional impact of the U.S. Tax Act. Foreign exchange had a positive impact of about $100 million on net earnings for the year to date period, considering both transactional charges and translational impacts from converting earnings from foreign subsidiaries to U.S. dollars. Diluted net earnings per share from continuing operations increased 4% to $2.00 due primarily to a reduction in the number of weighted average shares outstanding.
Discontinued Operations
Net earnings from discontinued operations were zero in the current period versus net earnings of $5.2 billion in the prior year period primarily due to the gain on the saledissolution of the Beauty Brands, which closed on October 1, 2016 (see Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Net Earnings
Net earnings attributable to Procter & Gamble decreased 49% to $5.3 billion for the six months ending December 31, 2017. The decrease was primarily due to the reduction in net earnings from discontinued operations and the increase in income taxes from the transitional impact of the U.S. Tax Act as discussed above. Diluted net earnings per share decreased 48% to $2.00. The difference between the decline in net earnings and the related earnings per share amounts was due to the reduction in weighted average shares outstanding. Core net earnings per share increased 8% to $2.28. Core net earnings per share represents diluted net earnings per share from continuing operations excluding the current year transitional impact of the U.S. Tax Act, the prior year charge for early extinguishment of debtPGT Healthcare partnership and incremental restructuring charges in both periods related to our productivity and cost savings plans.

BUSINESS SEGMENT DISCUSSION – Three and Six Months Ended December 31, 2017September 30, 2018
The following discussion provides a review of results by reportable business segment. AnalysesAnalysis of the results for the three and six month periodsthree-month period ended December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 areis provided based on a comparison to the same three and six month periodsperiod ended December 31, 2016September 30, 2017. The primary financial measures used to evaluate segment performance are net sales and net earnings from continuing operations.earnings. The table below provides supplemental information on net sales and net earnings from continuing operations by reportable business segment for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 versus the comparable prior year periodsperiod (dollar amounts in millions):

Amounts in millions of dollars unless otherwise specified.

 Three Months Ended December 31, 2017
 Net Sales % Change Versus Year Ago Earnings/(Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes % Change Versus Year Ago Net Earnings/(Loss) from Continuing Operations % Change Versus Year Ago
Beauty$3,233
 10 % $853
 19 % $655
 21 %
Grooming1,776
 (1)% 531
 (14)% 423
 (10)%
Health Care2,212
 7 % 668
 10 % 455
 8 %
Fabric & Home Care5,434
 3 % 1,101
 (2)% 714
 (2)%
Baby, Feminine & Family Care4,613
 (1)% 933
 (10)% 597
 (12)%
Corporate127
 (8)% (53) N/A
 (283) N/A
Total Company$17,395
 3 % $4,033
 24 % $2,561
  %

Six Months Ended December 31, 2017Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Net Sales % Change Versus Year Ago Earnings/(Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes % Change Versus Year Ago Net Earnings/(Loss) from Continuing Operations % Change Versus Year AgoNet Sales % Change Versus Year Ago Earnings Before Income Taxes % Change Versus Year Ago Net Earnings % Change Versus Year Ago
Beauty$6,371
 7 % $1,689
 13 % $1,287
 14 %$3,289
 5 % $947
 13 % $759
 20%
Grooming3,353
 (3)% 945
 (17)% 752
 (15)%1,562
 (1)% 417
 1 % 340
 3%
Health Care4,114
 5 % 1,123
 2 % 760
 2 %1,845
 (3)% 440
 (3)% 332
 9%
Fabric & Home Care10,817
 2 % 2,280
 1 % 1,483
 2 %5,488
 2 % 1,144
 (3)% 877
 14%
Baby, Feminine & Family Care9,158
 (1)% 1,897
 (9)% 1,227
 (11)%4,390
 (3)% 902
 (6)% 692
 10%
Corporate235
 (4)% (150) N/A
 (78) N/A
116
 7 % 90
 N/A
 211
 N/A
Total Company$34,048
 2 % $7,784
 11 % $5,431
  %$16,690
  % $3,940
 5 % $3,211
 12%
Beauty
Three months ended December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 compared with three months ended December 31, 2016September 30, 2017
Beauty net sales increased 10%5% to $3.2$3.3 billion during the secondfirst fiscal quarter on a 2%3% increase in unit volume. Favorable product mix added 7%3% to net sales due to premium innovation and the disproportionate growth of the super-premium SK-II brand,and Olay Skin Care brands, which hashave higher than segment average selling prices. Favorable foreign exchangeHigher pricing increased net sales by 1%2%. Unfavorable foreign exchange impacts reduced net sales by 3%. Organic sales increased 9%7%. Global market share of the Beauty segment decreased 0.1 points.was unchanged. Volume increased low single digits in both developed regions and mid-single digits in developing regions.
Volume in Hair Care increased low single digits. Developed market volume increased low single digits due to innovation.was unchanged. Volume in developing regions increased low single digits due to market growth and product innovation and in-store improvements.innovation. Global market share of the Hair Care category was unchanged.decreased slightly.
Volume in Skin and Personal Care increased mid-single digits. Volume increased low single digits in developed regions due to productpremium innovation and retail inventory build to support new product launches.market growth. Volume increased mid-singlehigh single digits in

developing regions due to productpremium innovation, increased marketing spending and increased marketing.market growth. Global market share of the Skin and Personal Care category was unchanged.increased slightly.
Net earnings increased 21%20% to $655$759 million due to the increase in net sales and a 190 basis point290 basis-point increase in net earnings margin. The net earnings margin increased primarily due to a decrease in SG&A as a percentage of net sales and a reduction in U.S. income tax rates. Gross margin was relatively unchanged. The reduction in SG&A as a percentage of sales was primarily driven by the positive scale impacts of the net sales increase. Gross margin decreased slightly as higher commodity costs and negative mix driven by customization cost increases were only partially offset by productivity savings.
Six months ended December 31, 2017 compared with sixmonths ended December 31, 2016
Beauty fiscal year to date net sales increased 7% to $6.4 billion on a 1% increase in unit volume. Price increases added 1% and favorable product mix added 5% to net sales, due to premium innovation and the disproportionate growth of the super-premium SK-II brand. Organic sales increased 7%. Global market share of the Beauty segment decreased 0.2 points. Volume was unchanged in developed regions and increased low single digits in developing regions.
Volume in Hair Care was unchanged. Volume in developed regions was unchanged and was down low single digits on an organic basis, as growth from innovation was more than offset by lower promotional activity versus the base period. Volume in developing regions volume increased low single digits due to improved in-store executions and product innovation. Global market share of the Hair Care category was unchanged.
Volume in Skin and Personal Care increased low single digits. Volume was unchanged in developed regions as growth from innovation was offset by reductions following increased pricing. Volume increased mid-single digits in developing regions due to product innovation and increased marketing. Global market share of the Skin and Personal Care category decreased slightly.
Net earnings increased 14% to $1.3 billion due to the increase in net sales and a 110 basis point increase in net earnings margin. The net earnings margin increased primarily due to a decrease in SG&A as a percentage of net sales, primarily driven by the positive scale impacts of adopting the net sales increase. Gross margin decreased slightly as higher commodity costs, capacity investments and negative mix driven by customization cost increases were only partially offset by productivity savings and the benefit of higher pricing.new accounting standard on "Revenue from Contracts with Customers."
Grooming
Three months ended December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 compared with three months ended December 31, 2016September 30, 2017
Grooming net sales decreased 1% to $1.8$1.6 billion during the secondfirst fiscal quarter on a 1%5% increase in unit volume. Foreign exchange had a 2% favorable4% unfavorable impact on net sales. Pricing had a negativepositive 1% impact on net sales of 4% due to price reductionsincreases in Shave Care.certain markets. Negative mix reduced net sales 2% due to the disproportionate growth of lower tier products and club channels which have lower than segment average selling prices. Organic sales decreased 3%increased 4%. Global market share of the Grooming segment decreased 0.7 points. Volume increased mid-single digits in developed regions and declined low single digits in developing regions.
Shave Care volume increased low singlemid-single digits. Developed regions volume increased mid-single digits due to increased price competitiveness following price reductions in prior quarters and innovation.an increase in consumer promotions. Developing regions decreased low singlevolume increased mid-single digits due to increase in consumer promotions and higher trade inventory reductionsinventories in certain markets. Global market share of the Shave Care category was unchanged.
Volume in Appliances increased doublemid-single digits. Volume increased doublemid-single digits in developed regions and high-singlelow single digits in developing regions both due to product innovation and overall market growth. Global market share of the Appliances category was unchanged.decreased more than half a point.
Net earnings decreased 10%increased 3% to $423$340 million due toas the reduction in net sales andwas more than offset by a 240 basis point decrease90 basis-point increase in net earnings margin. Net earnings margin decreasedincreased primarily due to an increasea reduction in SG&A as a percentage of net sales.sales and a reduction in U.S. income tax rates, partially offset by a decrease in gross margin. Gross margin decreased nominally asdeclined due to the negative impact of lower pricingunfavorable product mix and unfavorable mix due to the disproportionate growth of Appliances which has lower than average margins, was largely offset by the benefit ofother manufacturing cost savings projects.increases. SG&A as a percentage of net sales increased primarily due to an increase in other operating expense due to gain from the sale of real estate in the base period. An increase in overhead spending as a percentage of net sales was largely offset by marketing spending reduction.
Six months ended December 31, 2017 compared with sixmonths ended December 31, 2016
Grooming fiscal year to date net sales decreased 3% to $3.4 billion on unit volume that was unchanged. Favorable foreign exchange impacts increased net sales by 2%. Price reductions in Shave Care reduced net sales by 4%. Unfavorable product mix reduced net sales by 1% driven by the disproportionate increase in lower tier shave care products. Organic sales decreased 4%. Global market share of the Grooming segment decreased 0.8 points. Volume increased low single digits in developed markets and decreased low single digits in developing regions.
Volume in Shave Care decreased low single digits. Volume in developed regions was unchanged. Developing regions declined low single digits due to trade inventory reductions in certain markets. Global market share of the Shave Care category decreased half a point.
Volume in Appliances increased double digits in both developed and developing regions due to product innovation. Global market share of the Appliances category increased more than a point.

Net earnings decreased 15% to $752 million due to the reduction in net sales and a 320 basis point decrease in net earnings margin. Net earnings margin decreased due to a reductionreductions in gross marginboth overhead costs and an increase in SG&A as a percentage of net sales. Gross margin decreased as the negative impact of lower pricing and unfavorable mix due to the disproportionate growth of Appliances was only partially offset by the benefit of cost savings projects. SG&A as a percentage of net sales increased primarily due to an increase in other operating expense due to gain from the sale of real estate in the base period along with an increase in overheadmarketing spending and the negative scale impacts from adoption of the reduction in net sales.new accounting standard on "Revenue from Contracts with Customers."

Health Care
Three months ended December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 compared with three months ended December 31, 2016September 30, 2017
Health Care net sales increased 7%decreased 3% to $2.2$1.8 billion during the secondfirst fiscal quarter on a 4%1% increase in unit volume. FavorableExcluding the impact of the dissolution of the PGT Healthcare partnership, organic volume increased 4%. Unfavorable foreign exchange increasedimpacts decreased net sales by 3%2%. Mix improvement contributed 1% to net sales due to disproportionate growth of premium paste and power brush products and developed regions, all of which have higher than segment average prices. Lower pricesUnfavorable mix impacts reduced net sales by 1%. Organic sales increased 4%. Global market share of the Health Care segment increased 0.1 point.0.4 points. Volume increased mid-singlelow single digits in developed regions and decreased low single digitswas unchanged in developing regions.
Oral Care Excluding the impact of the dissolution of the PGT Healthcare partnership, organic volume increased low single digits. Volume increased mid-single digits in developed regions driven by product innovation and marketing investment on premium power brush segment. Volume decreased mid-single digits in developing regions due to trade inventory reductions and competitive activities. Global market share of the Oral Care category was unchanged.
Volume in Personal Health Care increased high single digits. Volume increased mid-single digits in developed regions due to increased consumption from a strong Cough / Cold season. Volume increased double digits in developing regions due in part to distributor inventory build. Global market share of the Personal Health Care category increased less than half a point.
Net earnings increased 8% to $455 million due to the increase in net sales and a 20 basis point increase in net earnings margin. Net earnings margin increased due to an increase in gross margin as well as a reduction in SG&A as a percentage of net sales. Gross margin increased primarily due to manufacturing cost savings, partially offset by the impacts of lower pricing. SG&A as a percentage of net sales decreased primarily due to the positive scale impacts of the net sales increase.
Six months ended December 31, 2017 compared with sixmonths ended December 31, 2016
Health Care fiscal year to date net sales increased 5% to $4.1 billion on a 2% increase in unit volume. Favorable foreign exchange increased net sales by 2%. Mix improvement increased net sales 1% due to disproportionate growth of premium paste and power brush products and developed regions, all of which have higher than segment average prices. Organic sales increased 3%. Global market share of the Health Care segment decreased 0.1 point. Volume increased low single digits in both developed and developing regions.
Oral Care volume increased low single digits. DevelopedVolume increased low single digits in developed regions volume increased mid-single digits driven bydue to product innovation and marketing investments on premium power brush segment.lower pricing in the form of increased promotional spending. Volume in developing regions declined low single digits due to trade inventory reductions and competitive activities.was unchanged. Global market share of the Oral Care category decreasedincreased slightly.
Volume in Personal Health Care increaseddecreased low single digits. VolumeExcluding the impact of the dissolution of the PGT Healthcare partnership, organic volume increased double digits. Developed regions volume decreased low singlemid-single digits, in developed regionswhile organic volume grew mid-single digits due to relatively lower levels of product innovation versus year ago.and increased advertising spending. Volume in developing regions increased mid-singlelow single digits and high singledouble digits on an organic basis, due in part to distributer inventory build.innovation and market growth. Global market share of the Personal Health Care category increased slightly.more than half a point.
Net earnings increased 2%9% to $760$332 million, due toas the increasereduction in net sales partiallywas more than offset by 40a 200 basis point decreaseincrease in net earnings margin. Net earnings margin declined primarilyincreased due to a reduction in non-operatingSG&A as a percentage of sales and a decrease in U.S. income driven by a base period gain from minor brand divestitures. An increase in gross margin, primarily due to manufacturing cost savings, wastax rates, partially offset by an increasea reduction in gross margin. Gross margin decreased driven by unfavorable mix due to the impact of the dissolution of the PGT Healthcare partnership, and other manufacturing cost increases. SG&A as a percentage of net sales decreased primarily due to increased overhead spending.the impact of the dissolution of the PGT Healthcare partnership and the impacts from adoption of the new accounting standard on "Revenue from Contracts with Customers."
Fabric & Home Care
Three months ended December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 compared with three months ended December 31, 2016September 30, 2017
Fabric & Home Care net sales increased 3%2% to $5.4$5.5 billion for the secondfirst fiscal quarter on a 3%4% increase in unit volume. FavorableUnfavorable foreign exchange had a positive impact of 1% onimpacts reduced net sales offset by negative2%. Positive mix impacts increased net sales by 1%, while lower pricing impact ofreduced net sales 1%. Organic sales increased 3%5% on a 4%5% increase in organic volume. Global market share of the Fabric & Home Care segment increased 0.20.5 points. Volume increased mid-single digits in developed regions and increased low single digits in both developed and developing regions.
Fabric Care volume increased low singlemid-single digits. Volume in both developed and developing regions grew low singlemid-single digits due to product innovation and lower pricing driven byin the form of increased promotional spending. Volume in developing regions increased low single digits. Excluding the impact of minor brand divestitures, organicdeveloping regions volume grewincreased mid-single digits.digits driven by product innovation and market growth. Global market share of the Fabric Care category increased lessmore than half a point.

Home Care volume increased mid-single digits. Volume in developed regions increased mid-singlehigh single digits due to product innovation increased marketing and lower pricing driven by promotional spending.market growth. Volume in developing regions increased highdecreased low single digits due to marketing investments.category contraction in certain markets. Global market share of the Home Care category was unchanged.increased nearly half a point.
Net earnings decreased 2%increased 14% to $714$877 million asdue to the increase in net sales was more than offset by 60and a 170 basis point decreaseincrease in net earnings margin. The decrease in netNet earnings margin increase was driven by a reduction in gross margin, partially offset byprimarily due to a reduction in SG&A as a percentage of sales.sales and a decrease in U.S. income tax rates partially offset by a reduction in gross margin. Gross margin decreased due to negative product mix impacts (driven by disproportionate growth of product forms with lower than segment-average marginsmargins) and club channel) andan increase in commodity costs, which were partially offset by manufacturing cost savings. SG&A as a percentage of net sales was down due to marketing spending sales leverage.
Six months ended December 31, 2017 compared with sixmonths ended December 31, 2016
Fabric & Home Care fiscal year to date net sales increased 2% to $10.8 billion on a 3% increase in unit volume. Foreign exchange and pricing had no net impact on net sales. Negative mix reduced net sales 1% due to disproportionate growthproductivity savings, the positive scale effects of lower tier products. Organic sales increased 2%. Global market share of the Fabric & Home Care segment increased 0.1 point. Volume increased low single digits in both developed and developing regions.
Fabric Care volume increased low single digits. Volume in developed regions grew mid-single digits due to product innovation and lower pricing driven by promotional spending. Volume in developing regions grew low single digits due to product innovation and market growth. Global market share of the Fabric Care category was unchanged.
Home Care volume increased low single digits. Volume in developed regions increased low single digits due to product innovation and lower pricing driven by promotional spending. Volume in developing regions increased mid-single digits due to product innovation and marketing investments. Global market share of the Home Care category was unchanged.
Net earnings increased 2% to $1.5 billion due to the increase in net sales. Net earnings margin was unchanged as a decrease in gross margin was largely offset by a reduction in SG&A as a percentagesales and the impacts from adoption of net sales. Gross margin decreased due to an increase in commodity costs and unfavorable product mix (due to an increase in the proportion of product forms and larger package sizesnew accounting standard on "Revenue from Contracts with lower than segment-average margins) which were partially offset by manufacturing cost savings. SG&A as a percentage of net sales declined due to the positive scale impacts of net sales increase. Net earnings also benefited from a gain on a minor brand divestitures in the current period.Customers."
Baby, Feminine & Family Care
Three months ended December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 compared with three months ended December 31, 2016September 30, 2017
Baby, Feminine & Family Care net sales decreased 1%3% to $4.6$4.4 billion during the secondfirst fiscal quarter on a 1% decreaseincrease in unit volume. Unfavorable foreign exchange impacts decreased net sales by 2%. Lower pricing reduced net sales by 1% offset by favorable foreign exchange impact of 1%. Organic sales decreased 1%. Global market share of the Baby, Feminine & Family Care segment decreased 0.90.2 points. Volume increased low singlemid-single digits in developed regions. Volume in developing regions and decreased mid-single digits in developing regions.digits.
Volume in Baby Care decreased mid-singlehigh single digits. Volume in developed regions declined low singlemid-single digits due to competitive activities.activity, including lower competitor pricing due to higher promotional spending in certain markets. Volume in developing regions declined high single digits due to competitive activity, volume declinedeclines following increased pricing, competitive activityprices and reductioncategory contraction in trade inventories.certain markets. Global market share of the Baby Care category decreased two points.more than a point.

Volume in Feminine Care was unchanged. Organic volume, which excludes the impact of minor brand divestitures, increased low single digits. Organic volumeVolume in developed regions increased mid-single digits in developed regions due to product innovation.innovation and adult incontinence category growth. Volume decreasedincreased low single digits in developing regions due to trade inventory reductions.driven by innovation and lower pricing in the form of increased promotional spending. Global market share of the Feminine Care category increased less than half a point.
Volume in Family Care, which is predominantly a North American business, increased lowhigh single digits driven by product innovation and distribution gains and increased media investments. In the U.S., all-outlet share of the Family Care category decreased less than half a point.
Net earnings decreased 12% to $597 million due to reduced net sales and a 170 basis-point decrease in net earnings margin. Net earnings margin decreased primarily due to a decline in gross margin. Gross margin decreased due to an increase in commodity costs and lower pricing, partially offset by savings projects. SG&A as a percentage of net sales decreased slightly as reduced marketing spending was largely offset by an increase in overhead costs.
Six months ended December 31, 2017 compared with sixmonths ended December 31, 2016
Baby, Feminine & Family Care fiscal year to date net sales decreased 1% to $9.2 billion on a 1% decrease in unit volume. Lower pricing reduced net sales by 1%. Favorable foreign exchange had a 1% benefit on net sales. Organic sales decreased 1% on organic volume that was unchanged. Global market share of the Baby, Feminine and Family Care segment decreased 0.7 points. Volume increased low single digits in developed regions and decreased mid-single digits in developing regions.
Baby Care volume decreased mid-single digits. Volume in developed regions declined low single digits due to competitive activities. Volume in developing regions declined high single digits due to competitive activity, volume decline following

increased pricing, and a reduction in trade inventories. Global market share of the Baby Care category decreased more than a point.
Feminine Care volume was unchanged. Organic volume, which excludes the impact of minor brand divestitures, increased low single digits. Organic volume increased low single digits in developed regions due to product innovation. Volume increased low single digits in developing regions due to product innovation and market growth. Global market share of the Feminine Care category increased slightly.
Family Care volume increased mid-single digits, driven by product innovation, distribution gains and increased marketing activities.gains. In the U.S., all-outlet share of the Family Care category increased nearlymore than half a point.
Net earnings decreased 11%increased 10% to $1.2 billion due to reduced$692 million as the reduction in net sales andwas more than offset by a 150 basis-point decrease190 basis point increase in net earnings margin. Net earnings margin decreasedincreased primarily due to a declinedecrease in U.S. income tax rates and a reduction in SG&A as a percentage of net sales, partially offset by a reduction in gross margin. Gross margin decreased primarily due to an increase in commodity costs, lower pricing and unfavorable product mix (from an increase in product forms and larger package sizes with lower than segment-average margins),foreign exchange impacts, partially offset by manufacturing cost savings.savings projects. SG&A as a percentage of net sales was unchanged, asdecreased due to reduced marketing spending was offset by an increase inand overhead costs.costs, and the impacts from adoption of the new accounting standard on "Revenue from Contracts with Customers."
Corporate
Corporate includes certain operating and non-operating activities not allocated to specific business segments. These include: the incidental businesses managed at the corporate level; financing and investing activities; certain employee benefit costs; other general corporate items; the gains and losses related to certain divested brands and categories; certain restructuring-type activities to maintain a competitive cost structure, including manufacturing and workforce optimization; and certain significant asset impairment charges.optimization. Corporate also includes reconciling items to adjust the accounting policies used in the segments to U.S. GAAP. The most significant reconciling item includes income taxes to adjust from blended statutory rates that are reflected in the segments to the overall Company effective tax rate.
Corporate net sales decreasedimproved by $11$8 million to $127$116 million during the secondfirst fiscal quarter and decreased $9 million to $235 million fiscal year to date.quarter. Corporate net earnings from continuing operations decreased $8increased $6 million to $211 million in the secondfirst fiscal quarter. The transitional impactsquarter as higher current year divestiture gains (driven by the current year gain on the dissolution of U.S. tax legislationthe PGT healthcare partnership) was largely offset by the reductionhigher current year foreign exchange transactional charges and higher income taxes in the ongoing tax ratecurrent period caused by lower foreign tax credits under the legislation, the base period charge related to early extinguishment of debt and lower current period restructuring charges,U.S. Tax Act, each of which has been discussed earlier in the Results of Operations section. Fiscal year
Restructuring Program to date Corporate net earnings increased $74 million to $(78) million primarily driven minor brand divestiture gains and the items discussed above.
deliver Productivity and Cost Savings Plan
In 2012, the Company initiated a productivity and cost savings plan to reduce costs and better leverage scale in the areas of supply chain, research and development, marketing and overheads.  The plan was designed to accelerate cost reductions by streamlining management decision making, manufacturing and other work processes to fund the Company's growth strategy. In 2016, the Company communicated additional multi-year productivity and cost savings targets. In 2017, the Company communicated specific elements of thean additional multi-year productivity and cost savings targets.program.

The additionalcurrent productivity and cost savings plan will further reduce costs in the areas of supply chain, certain marketing activities and overhead expenses.  As part of this plan, the Company expects to incur approximately $1.2incurred $1.1 billion in total before-tax restructuring costs in fiscal 2018, andwith an additional amount of approximately $0.8 billion expected in fiscal 2019. This program is expected to result in meaningful non-manufacturingadditional enrollment reductions, along with further optimization of the supply chain and other manufacturing processes.
Consistent with our historical policies for ongoing restructuring-type activities, the resulting charges are funded by and included within Corporate for segment reporting.

In addition to our restructuring programs, we have additional ongoing savings efforts in our supply chain, marketing and overhead areas that yield additional benefits to our operating margins.

Refer to Note 9 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more details on the restructuring program.

LIQUIDITY & CAPITAL RESOURCES
Operating Activities
We generated $7.3$3.6 billion of cash from operating activities fiscal year to date, an increase of $1.3 billionflat versus the prior year. Net earnings, adjusted for non-cash items (depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation expense, deferred income taxes, and gain on sale of assets), generated $4.8$3.6 billion of operating cash flow. Working capital and other impacts generated $2.5 billionused $62 million of cash in the period. Accounts receivable used $547increased, using $475 million of cash due to sales growth and to a lesser extent, the timingextension of the quarter-end (which fell on a weekend, resulting in fewer days collection).customer payment terms for seasonal products. Inventory consumed $457$494 million of cash primarily due to product initiatives, business growth, and business growth.production seasonality builds in certain GBU's. Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities generated $857increased, generating $933 million of cash primarily driven by extended payment terms with our suppliers, increased marketing accruals based on timing of spendingan increase in payables to support the increase in inventory and the current year impacts onan increase in taxes payable due to the U.S. Tax Act.timing of payments. All other operating assets and liabilities generated $2.5 billionused $84 million of cash, primarily driven by payments of the long-termcurrent year portion of the payabletaxes due related to the U.S. tax reform repatriation charge.Tax Act, partially offset by collection of other receivables.
Investing Activities
Cash used by investing activities was $3.7 billion$865 million fiscal year to date. Capital expenditures were $1.9$1.1 billion, or 5.6%6.5% of net sales. We generated $201Acquisition activity used $237 million of cash from proceeds from asset sales, primarily from minor brand divestitures.cash. We used $3.6 billion$158 million for purchases of short-term investments,investments. These uses were partially offset by $1.6 billion$649 million of cash generated from sales and maturities of short-term investments.
Financing Activities
Our financing activities consumed net cash of $1.9$2.7 billion fiscal year to date. We used $4.3$1.3 billion for treasury stock purchases and $3.6$1.9 billion for dividends. Cash generated from the net effect of debt issuances and payments was $5.3 billion. Cash from the exercise of stock options and other impacts generated $698$425 million of cash.
As of December 31, 2017,September 30, 2018, our current liabilities exceeded current assets by $1.9$5.9 billion. We have short- and long-term debt to meet our financing needs. We anticipate being able to support our short-term liquidity and operating needs largely through cash generated from operations. We have strong short- and long-term debt ratings that have enabled and should continue to enable us to refinance our debt as it becomes due at favorable rates in commercial paper and bond markets. In addition, we have agreements with a diverse group of financial institutions that, if needed, should provide sufficient credit funding to meet short-term financing requirements.
RECONCILIATION OF MEASURES NOT DEFINED BY U.S. GAAP
In accordance with the SEC's Regulation G, the following provides definitions of the non-GAAP measures and the reconciliation to the most closely related GAAP measure. measures. We believe that these measures provide useful perspective on underlying business results and trends (i.e., trends excluding non-recurring or unusual items) and results and provide a supplemental measure of year-on-year results. The non-GAAP measures described below are used by management in making operating decisions, allocating financial resources and for business strategy purposes. These measures may be useful to investors as they provide supplemental information about business performance and provide investors a view of our business results through the eyes of management. These measures are also used to evaluate senior management and are a factor in determining their at-risk compensation. These non-GAAP measures are not intended to be considered by the user in place of the related GAAP measure, but rather as supplemental information to our business results. These non-GAAP measures may not be the same as similar measures used by other companies due to possible differences in method and in the items or events being adjusted.
The Core earnings measures included in the following reconciliation tables refer to the equivalent GAAP measures adjusted as applicable for the following items:
Incremental Restructuring: The Company has had and continues to have an ongoing level of restructuring activities. Such activities have resulted in ongoing annual restructuring related charges of approximately $250 - $500 million before tax. In 2012, Procter & Gamble began a $10 billion strategic productivity and cost savings initiative that includes incremental restructuring activities. In 2016, the Company communicated additional multi-year productivity and cost savings targets. This results in incremental restructuring charges to accelerate productivity efforts and cost savings. The adjustment to Core earnings includes only the restructuring costs above what we believe are the normal recurring level of restructuring costs.
Transitional Impact of U.S. Tax Reform: As discussed in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) in December 2017.  This resulted in a net charge of $628 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2017, comprised of an estimated repatriation tax charge of $3.8 billion and a net deferred tax benefit of $3.2 billion.  The adjustment to core earnings only includes this transitional impact.  It does not include the ongoing impacts of the lower U.S. statutory rate on current year earnings.
Early debt extinguishment charges: During the three months ended December 31, 2016, the Company recorded a charge of $345 million after tax due to the early extinguishment of certain long-term debt.  This charge represents the difference between the reacquisition price and the par value of the debt extinguished.  Management does not view this charge as indicative of the Company’s operating performance or underlying business results.
We do not view these items to be part of our sustainable results and their exclusion from Core earnings measures provides a more comparable measure of year-on-year results. These items are also excluded when evaluating senior management in determining their at-risk compensation.
Organic sales growth: Organic sales growth is a non-GAAP measure of sales growth excluding the impacts of acquisitions and divestitures, the impact from India Goods and Services Tax changes (which were effective onthe July 1, 2017)2018 adoption of new accounting standards for "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" and foreign exchange from year-over-year comparisons. Management believesThe impact of the adoption of the new accounting standard for Revenue from Contracts with Customers is driven by the prospective reclassification of certain customer spending from marketing (SG&A) expense to a reduction of Net sales. We believe this measure provides investors with a supplemental understanding of underlying sales trends by providing sales growth on a consistent basis. This measure is used in assessing achievement of management goals for at-risk compensation.
FreeAdjusted free cash flow: FreeAdjusted free cash flow is defined as operating cash flow less capital spending. Freespending and excluding payments for the transitional tax resulting from the comprehensive U.S. legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in December 2017 (the U.S. Tax Act). Adjusted free cash flow represents the cash that the Company is able to generate after taking into account planned maintenance and asset expansion. Management views adjusted free cash flow as an important measure because it is one factor used in determining the amount of cash available for dividends, share repurchases, acquisitions and other discretionary investment.investments.
Adjusted free cash flow productivity:productivity: Adjusted free cash flow productivity is defined as the ratio of adjusted free cash flow to net earnings excluding the transitional impactgain on dissolution of U.S. Tax Reform,the PGT Healthcare partnership, which is non-recurring and not considered indicative of underlying earnings or cash flow performance. Management views adjusted free cash flow productivity as a useful measure to help investors understand P&G’s ability to generate cash. Adjusted free cash flow productivity is used by management in making operating decisions, allocating financial resources and for budget planning purposes. This measure is also used in assessing the achievement of management goals for at-risk compensation. The Company's long-term target is to generate annual adjusted free cash flow productivity at or above 90 percent.
Core EPS: Core earnings per share, or Core EPS, is a measure of the Company's diluted net earnings per share from continuing operations adjusted as indicated. Management views this non-GAAP measure as a useful supplemental measure of Company performance over time. This measure is also used when evaluating senior management in determining their at-risk compensation.
The Core earnings measures included in the following reconciliation tables refer to the equivalent GAAP measures adjusted as applicable for the following items:
Incremental Restructuring: The Company has had and continues to have an ongoing level of restructuring activities. Such activities have resulted in ongoing annual restructuring related charges of approximately $250 - $500 million before tax. In 2012, the Company began a $10 billion strategic productivity and cost savings initiative that included incremental restructuring activities. In 2017, we communicated details of an additional multi-year productivity and cost savings plan. This results in incremental restructuring charges to accelerate productivity efforts and cost savings. The adjustment to Core earnings includes only the restructuring costs above what we believe are the normal recurring level of restructuring costs.
Gain on Dissolution of PGT Healthcare Partnership: The Company finalized the dissolution of our PGT Healthcare partnership, a venture between the Company and Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries, Ltd. (Teva) in the OTC consumer healthcare business, in the quarter ended September 30, 2018. The transaction was accounted for as a sale of the Teva portion of the PGT business; the Company recognized an after-tax gain on the dissolution of $353 million.
We do not view the above items to be part of our sustainable results and their exclusion from Core earnings measures provides a more comparable measure of year-on-year results. These items are also excluded when evaluating senior management in determining their at-risk compensation.
Organic sales growth:
Three Months Ended December 31, 2017Net Sales Growth Foreign Exchange Impact 
Acquisition/Divestiture Impact (1)
 Organic Sales Growth
Beauty10% (1)% —% 9%
Grooming(1)% (2)% —% (3)%
Health Care7% (3)% —% 4%
Fabric & Home Care3% (1)% 1% 3%
Baby, Feminine & Family Care(1)% (1)% 1% (1)%
Total Company3% (1)% —% 2%
Six Months Ended December 31, 2017Net Sales Growth Foreign Exchange Impact 
Acquisition/Divestiture Impact (1)
 Organic Sales Growth
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018Net Sales Growth Foreign Exchange Impact 
Acquisition & Divestiture Impact/Other (1)
 Organic Sales Growth
Beauty7% —% —% 7%5% 3% (1)% 7%
Grooming(3)% (2)% 1% (4)%(1)% 4% 1% 4%
Health Care5% (2)% —% 3%(3)% 2% 5% 4%
Fabric & Home Care2% —% —% 2%2% 2% 1% 5%
Baby, Feminine & Family Care(1)% (1)% 1% (1)%(3)% 2% —% (1)%
Total Company2% (1)% 1% 2%—% 3% 1% 4%
(1)    Acquisition/Acquisition & Divestiture ImpactImpact/Other includes both the volume and mix impact of acquisitions and divestitures, and also includes the impact from the July 1, 2018 adoption of India Goods and Services Tax changesnew accounting standards for "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" and rounding impacts necessary to reconcile net sales to organic sales.
FreeAdjusted free cash flow (dollar amounts in millions):
Fiscal Year-to-Date, December 31, 2017
Operating Cash Flow Capital Spending Free Cash Flow
$7,315 $(1,900) $5,415
Fiscal Year-to-Date, September 30, 2018
Operating Cash Flow Capital SpendingU.S. Tax Act Payments Adjusted Free Cash Flow
$3,567 $(1,080)$235 $2,722
Adjusted free cash flow productivity (dollar amounts in millions):
Fiscal Year-to-Date, December 31, 2017
Free Cash Flow Net EarningsNet U.S. Tax Reform ChargeAdjusted Net Earnings Adjusted Free Cash Flow Productivity
$5,415 $5,431$628$6,059 89%
Fiscal Year-to-Date, September 30, 2018
Adjusted Free Cash Flow Net EarningsGain on Dissolution of PGT PartnershipAdjusted Net Earnings Adjusted Free Cash Flow Productivity
$2,722 $3,211$(353)$2,858 95%





THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
(Amounts in Millions Except Per Share Amounts)
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures
Three Months Ended December 31, 2017
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
AS REPORTED (GAAP) INCREMENTAL RESTRUCTURING TRANSITIONAL IMPACTS OF U.S. TAX REFORM ROUNDING NON-GAAP (CORE)AS REPORTED (GAAP) INCREMENTAL RESTRUCTURING GAIN ON DISSOLUTION OF PGT PARTNERSHIP ROUNDING NON-GAAP (CORE)
COST OF PRODUCTS SOLD8,667
 (86) 
 1
 8,582
8,484
 (46) 
 
 8,438
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSE4,725
 14
 
 (1) 4,738
4,652
 (28) 
 1
 4,625
OPERATING INCOME4,003
 72
 
 
 4,075
3,554
 74
 
 (1) 3,627
INCOME TAX ON CONTINUING OPERATIONS1,472
 21
 (628) 
 865
INCOME TAX729
 6
 (2) 1
 734
NET EARNINGS ATTRIBUTABLE TO P&G2,495
 51
 628
 
 3,174
3,199
 69
 (353) 
 2,915
         Core EPS         Core EPS
DILUTED NET EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE (1)
0.93
 0.02
 0.24
 
 1.19
1.22
 0.03
 (0.14) 0.01
 1.12
(1)    Diluted net earnings per share are calculated on Net earnings attributable to Procter & Gamble.
  CHANGE VERSUS YEAR AGO    
  CORE EPS103%   


THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
(Amounts in Millions Except Per Share Amounts)
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures
Three Months Ended December 31, 2016
 AS REPORTED (GAAP) DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS INCREMENTAL RESTRUCTURING EARLY DEBT EXTINGUISHMENT ROUNDING NON-GAAP (CORE)
COST OF PRODUCTS SOLD8,298
 
 (128) 
 
 8,170
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSE4,683
 
 36
 
 1
 4,720
OPERATING INCOME3,875
 
 92
 
 (1) 3,966
INCOME TAX ON CONTINUING OPERATIONS695
 
 21
 198
 (1) 913
NET EARNINGS ATTRIBUTABLE TO P&G7,875
 (5,335) 71
 345
 
 2,956
            Core EPS:
DILUTED NET EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE (1)
2.88
 (1.95) 0.03
 0.13
 (0.01) 1.08
(1)    Diluted net earnings per share are calculated on Net earnings attributable to Procter & Gamble.

THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
(Amounts in Millions Except Per Share Amounts)
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures
Six Months Ended December 31, 2017
 AS REPORTED (GAAP) INCREMENTAL RESTRUCTURING TRANSITIONAL IMPACTS OF U.S. TAX REFORM ROUNDING NON-GAAP (CORE)
COST OF PRODUCTS SOLD16,896
 (186) 
 1
 16,711
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSE9,414
 19
 
 (1) 9,432
OPERATING INCOME7,738
 167
 
 
 7,905
INCOME TAX ON CONTINUING OPERATIONS2,353
 41
 (628) 
 1,766
NET EARNINGS ATTRIBUTABLE TO P&G5,348
 126
 628
 
 6,102
          Core EPS
DILUTED NET EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE (1)
2.00
 0.05
 0.23
 
 2.28
(1)    Diluted net earnings per share are calculated on Net earnings attributable to Procter & Gamble.
CHANGE VERSUS YEAR AGO
CORE EPS8%


THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
(Amounts in Millions Except Per Share Amounts)
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures
Six Months Ended December 31, 2016
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
AS REPORTED (GAAP) DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS INCREMENTAL RESTRUCTURING EARLY DEBT EXTINGUISHMENT ROUNDING NON-GAAP (CORE)AS REPORTED (GAAP) INCREMENTAL RESTRUCTURING  ROUNDING NON-GAAP (CORE)
COST OF PRODUCTS SOLD16,400
 
 (239) 
 
 16,161
8,269
 (100) 
 8,169
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSE9,328
 
 59
 
 
 9,387
4,736
 7
 
 4,743
OPERATING INCOME7,646
 
 180
 
 
 7,826
3,648
 93
 
 3,741
INCOME TAX ON CONTINUING OPERATIONS1,558
 
 36
 198
 
 1,792
INCOME TAX881
 20
 
 901
NET EARNINGS ATTRIBUTABLE TO P&G10,589
 (5,217) 144
 345
 
 5,861
2,853
 75
 
 2,928
           Core EPS:       Core EPS:
DILUTED NET EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE (1)
3.81
 (1.88) 0.05
 0.12
 0.01
 2.11
1.06
 0.03
 
 1.09
(1)    Diluted net earnings per share are calculated on Net earnings attributable to Procter & Gamble.




Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There have been no material changes in the Company’s exposure to market risk since June 30, 20172018. Additional information can be found in Note 7 - Risk Management Activities and Fair Value Measurements of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 4.Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer, David S. Taylor, and the Company’s Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer, Jon R. Moeller, performed an evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Messrs. Taylor and Moeller have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including Messrs. Taylor and Moeller, to allow their timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company’s fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.Legal Proceedings
The Company is subject, from time to time, to certain legal proceedings and claims arising out of our business, which cover a wide range of matters, including antitrust and trade regulation, product liability, advertising, contracts, environmental issues, patent and trademark matters, labor and employment matters, and tax.

Item 1A.Risk Factors
We discuss our expectations regarding future performance, events and outcomes, such as our business outlook and objectivesFor information on risk factors, please refer to “Risk Factors” in this Form 10-Q, quarterly and annual reports, press releases and other written and oral communications. All statements, except for historical and present factual information, are “forward-looking statements” and are based on financial data and business plans available only asPart I, Item 1A of the time the statements are made, which may become outdated or incomplete. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events or other factors. Forward-looking statements are inherently uncertain, and investors must recognize that events could significantly differ from our expectations.
The following discussion of “risk factors” identifies significant factors that may adversely affect our business, operations, financial position or future financial performance. This information should be read in conjunction with the MD&A and the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes incorporated in this report. The following discussion of risks is not all inclusive, but is designed to highlight what we believe are important factors to consider when evaluating our expectations. These and other factors could cause our future results to differ from those in the forward-looking statements and from historical trends.
Our business is subject to numerous risks as a result of our having significant operations and sales in international markets, including foreign currency fluctuations, currency exchange or pricing controls and localized volatility.
We are a global company, with operations in approximately 70 countries and products sold in more than 180 countries and territories around the world. We hold assets, incur liabilities, earn revenues and pay expenses in a variety of currencies other than the U.S. dollar, and our operations outside the U.S. generate a significant portion of our net revenue. Fluctuations in exchange rates for foreign currencies may reduce the U.S. dollar value of revenues, profits and cash flows we receive from non-U.S. markets, increase our supply costs (as measured in U.S. dollars) in those markets, negatively impact our competitiveness in those markets or otherwise adversely impact our business results or financial condition. Moreover, discriminatory or conflicting fiscal or trade policies in different countries could adversely affect our results. See also the Results of Operations and Cash Flow, Financial Condition and Liquidity sections of the MD&A and Note 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

We also have businesses and maintain local currency cash balances in a number of countries with exchange, import authorization, pricing or other controls or restrictions, including Nigeria and Ukraine. Our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely impacted if we are unable to successfully manage such controls and restrictions, continue existing business operations and repatriate earnings from overseas, or if new or increased tariffs, quotas, exchange or price controls, trade barriers or similar restrictions are imposed on our business.
Additionally, our business, operations or employees may be adversely affected by political volatility, labor market disruptions or other crises or vulnerabilities in individual countries or regions, including political instability or upheaval, broad economic instability or sovereign risk related to a default by or deterioration in the credit worthiness of local governments, particularly in emerging markets.
Uncertain global economic conditions may adversely impact demand for our products or cause our customers and other business partners to suffer financial hardship, which could adversely impact our business.
Our business could be negatively impacted by reduced demand for our products related to one or more significant local, regional or global economic disruptions, such as: a slow-down in the general economy; reduced market growth rates; tighter credit markets for our suppliers, vendors or customers; a significant shift in government policies; or the inability to conduct day-to-day transactions through our financial intermediaries to pay funds to or collect funds from our customers, vendors and suppliers. Additionally, economic conditions may cause our suppliers, distributors, contractors or other third-party partners to suffer financial difficulties that they cannot overcome, resulting in their inability to provide us with the materials and services we need, in which case our business and results of operations could be adversely affected. Customers may also suffer financial hardships due to economic conditions such that their accounts become uncollectible or are subject to longer collection cycles. In addition, if we are unable to generate sufficient income and cash flow, it could affect the Company’s ability to achieve expected share repurchase and dividend payments.
Disruptions in credit markets or changes to our credit ratings may reduce our access to credit.
A disruption in the credit markets or a downgrade of our current credit rating could increase our future borrowing costs and impair our ability to access capital and credit markets on terms commercially acceptable to us, which could adversely affect our liquidity and capital resources or significantly increase our cost of capital.
Disruption in our global supply chain may negatively impact our business results.
Our ability to meet our customers’ needs and achieve cost targets depends on our ability to maintain key manufacturing and supply arrangements, including execution of supply chain optimizations and certain sole supplier or sole manufacturing plant arrangements. The loss or disruption of such manufacturing and supply arrangements, including for issues such as labor disputes, loss or impairment of key manufacturing sites, discontinuity in our internal information and data systems, inability to procure sufficient raw or input materials, significant changes in trade policy, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism or other external factors over which we have no control, could interrupt product supply and, if not effectively managed and remedied, have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our businesses face cost fluctuations and pressures that could affect our business results.
Our costs are subject to fluctuations, particularly due to changes in the prices of commodities and raw materials and the costs of labor, transportation, energy, pension and healthcare. Therefore, our business results are dependent, in part, on our continued ability to manage these fluctuations through pricing actions, cost saving projects and sourcing decisions, while maintaining and improving margins and market share. Failure to manage these fluctuations could adversely impact our financial results.
Our ability to meet our growth targets depends on successful product, marketing and operations innovation and successful responses to competitive innovation and changing consumer habits.
We are a consumer products company that relies on continued global demand for our brands and products. Achieving our business results depends, in part, on successfully developing, introducing and marketing new products and on making significant improvements to our equipment and manufacturing processes. The success of such innovation depends on our ability to correctly anticipate customer and consumer acceptance and trends, to obtain, maintain and enforce necessary intellectual property protections and to avoid infringing upon the intellectual property rights of others. We must also successfully respond to technological advances made by, and intellectual property rights granted to, competitors. Failure to continually innovate, improve and respond to competitive moves and changing consumer habits could compromise our competitive position and adversely impact our results.
The ability to achieve our business objectives is dependent on how well we can compete with our local and global competitors in new and existing markets and channels.
The consumer products industry is highly competitive. Across all of our categories, we compete against a wide variety of global and local competitors. As a result, we experience ongoing competitive pressures in the environments in which we operate, as well as challenges in maintaining profit margins. To address these challenges, we must be able to successfully respond to competitive

factors, including pricing, promotional incentives and trade terms. In addition, evolving sales channels and business models may affect customer and consumer preferences as well as market dynamics, which, for example, may be seen in the growing consumer preference for shopping online. Failure to successfully respond to competitive factors and effectively compete in growing sales channels and business models, particularly e-commerce, could negatively impact our results.
A significant change in customer relationships or in customer demand for our products could have a significant impact on our business.
We sell most of our products via retail customers, which include mass merchandisers, grocery stores, membership club stores, drug stores, department stores, distributors, baby stores, specialty beauty stores, e-commerce, high-frequency stores and pharmacies. Our success is dependent on our ability to successfully manage relationships with our retail trade customers, which includes our ability to offer trade terms that are mutually acceptable and are aligned with our pricing and profitability targets. Continued concentration among our retail customers could create significant cost and margin pressure on our business, and our business performance could suffer if we cannot reach agreement with a key customer on trade terms and principles. Our business could also be negatively impacted if a key customer were to significantly reduce the inventory level of our products or experience a significant business disruption.
If the reputation of the Company or one or more of our brands erodes significantly, it could have a material impact on our financial results.
The Company's reputation, and the reputation of our brands, form the foundation of our relationships with key stakeholders and other constituencies, including consumers, customers and suppliers. The quality and safety of our products are critical to our business. Many of our brands have worldwide recognition, and our financial success is directly dependent on the success of our brands. The success of our brands can suffer if our marketing plans or product initiatives do not have the desired impact on a brand's image or its ability to attract consumers. Our results could also be negatively impacted if one of our brands suffers substantial harm to its reputation due to a significant product recall, product-related litigation, product misuse, changing consumer perceptions of certain ingredients, allegations of product tampering or the distribution and sale of counterfeit products. Additionally, negative or inaccurate postings or comments on social media or networking websites about the Company or one of its brands could generate adverse publicity that could damage the reputation of our brands or the Company. If we are unable to effectively manage real or perceived issues, including concerns about safety, quality, ingredients, efficacy or similar matters, sentiments toward the Company or our products could be negatively impacted and our financial results could suffer. Our Company also devotes significant time and resources to programs that are consistent with our corporate values and are designed to protect and preserve our reputation, such as social responsibility, environmental sustainability, and other citizenship efforts. If these programs are not executed as planned or suffer negative publicity, the Company's reputation and financial results could be adversely impacted.
We rely on third parties in many aspects of our business, which creates additional risk.
Due to the scale and scope of our business, we must rely on relationships with third parties, including our suppliers, distributors, contractors, joint venture partners and external business partners, for certain functions. If we are unable to effectively manage our third-party relationships and the agreements under which our third-party partners operate, our financial results could suffer. Additionally, while we have policies and procedures for managing these relationships, they inherently involve a lesser degree of control over business operations, governance and compliance, thereby potentially increasing our financial, legal, reputational and operational risk.
An information security incident, including a cybersecurity breach, or the failure of one or more key information technology systems, networks, hardware, processes, and/or associated sites owned or operated by the Company or one of its service providers could have a material adverse impact on our business or reputation.
We rely extensively on information technology (IT) systems, networks and services, including internet and intranet sites, data hosting and processing facilities and tools, physical security systems and other hardware, software and technical applications and platforms, many of which are managed, hosted, provided and/or used by third parties or their vendors, to assist in conducting our business. The various uses of these IT systems, networks and services include, but are not limited to:
ordering and managing materials from suppliers;
converting materials to finished products;
shipping products to customers;
marketing and selling products to consumers;
collecting, transferring, storing and/or processing customer, consumer, employee, vendor, investor, and other stakeholder information and personal data;
summarizing and reporting results of operations, including financial reporting;
hosting, processing and sharing, as appropriate, confidential and proprietary research, business plans and financial information;
collaborating via an online and efficient means of global business communications;
complying with regulatory, legal and tax requirements;

providing data security; and
handling other processes necessary to manage our business.
Numerous and evolving information security threats, including advanced persistent cybersecurity threats, pose a risk to the security of our IT systems, networks and services, as well as to the confidentiality, availability and integrity of our data and of our critical business operations. As cybersecurity threats rapidly evolve in sophistication and become more prevalent across the industry globally, the Company is continually increasing its attention to these threats. We continue to assess potential threats and vulnerabilities and make investments seeking to address them, including monitoring of networks and systems, increasing information security skills, deploying employee security training, and updating security policiesForm 10-K for the Company and its third-party providers. However, because the techniques used in cyber attacks change frequently and may be difficult to detect for periods of time, we may face difficulties in anticipating and implementing adequate preventative measures or mitigating harms after such an attack. Our IT databases and systems and our third-party providers’ databases and systems have been, and will likely continue to be, subject to advanced computer viruses or other malicious codes, unauthorized access attempts, denial of service attacks, phishing and other cyber-attacks. To date, we have seen no material impact on our business or operations from these attacks; however, we cannot guarantee that our security efforts or the security efforts of our third-party providers will prevent breaches, operational incidents or other breakdowns to our or our third-party providers’ databases or systems. If the IT systems, networks or service providers we rely upon fail to function properly or cause operational outages or aberrations, or if we or one of our third-party providers suffer a loss, significant unavailability of key operations or disclosure of our sensitive business or stakeholder information, due to any number of causes, ranging from catastrophic events or power outages to improper data handling or security incidents, and our business continuity plans do not effectively address these failures on a timely basis, we may be exposed to reputational, competitive, operational and business harm as well as litigation and regulatory action. The costs and operational consequences of responding to the above items and implementing remediation measures could be significant and could adversely impact our results.
Changing political conditions could adversely impact our business and financial results.
Changes in the political conditions in markets in which we manufacture, sell or distribute our products may be difficult to predict and may adversely affect our business and financial results. For example, the United Kingdom’s decision to leave the European Union has created uncertainty regarding, among other things, the U.K.'s future legal and economic framework and how the U.K. will interact with other countries, including with respect to the free movement of goods, services and people. In addition, results of elections, referendums or other political processes in certain markets in which our products are manufactured, sold or distributed could create uncertainty regarding how existing governmental policies, laws and regulations may change, including with respect to sanctions, taxes, the movement of goods, services and people between countries and other matters. The potential implications of such uncertainty, which include, among others, exchange rate fluctuations and market contraction, could adversely affect the Company’s business and financial results.
We must successfully manage compliance with laws and regulations, as well as manage new and pending legal and regulatory matters in the U.S. and abroad.
Our business is subject to a wide variety of laws and regulations across all of the countries in which we do business, including those laws and regulations involving intellectual property, product liability, marketing, antitrust, data protection, environmental, employment, anti-bribery, anti-corruption, tax, accounting and financial reporting or other matters. Rapidly changing laws, regulations and related interpretations, as well as increased enforcement actions, create challenges for the Company, including our compliance and ethics programs, and may alter the environment in which we do business, which could adversely impact our financial results. If we are unable to continue to meet these challenges and comply with all laws, regulations and related interpretations, it could negatively impact our reputation and our business results. Failure to successfully manage regulatory and legal matters and resolve such matters without significant liability or damage to our reputation may materially adversely impact our results of operations and financial position. Furthermore, if pending legal or regulatory matters result in fines or costs in excess of the amounts accrued to date, that may also materially impact our results of operations and financial position.
Changes in applicable tax regulations and resolutions of tax disputes could negatively affect our financial results.
The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The changes included in the Tax Act are broad and complex.  The final transition impacts of the Tax Act may differ from the estimates provided elsewhere in this report, possibly materially, due to, among other things, changes in interpretations of the Tax Act, any legislative action to address questions that arise because of the Tax Act, any changes in accounting standards for income taxes or related interpretations in response to the Tax Act, or any updates or changes to estimates the company has utilized to calculate the transition impacts, including impacts from changes to current year earnings estimates and foreign exchange rates of foreign subsidiaries.  Additionally, longstanding international tax norms that determine each country’s jurisdiction to tax cross-border international trade are evolvingas a result of the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting reporting requirements (“BEPS") recommended by the G8, G20 and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ("OECD"). As these and other tax laws and related regulations change, our financial

results could be materially impacted. Given the unpredictability of these possible changes and their potential interdependency, it is very difficult to assess whether the overall effect of such potential tax changes would be cumulatively positive or negative for our earnings and cash flow, but such changes could adversely impact our financial results.
Furthermore, we are subject to regular review and audit by both foreign and domestic tax authorities. While we believe our tax positions will be sustained, the final outcome of tax audits and related litigation, including maintaining our intended tax treatment of divestiture transactions such as the fiscal 2017 Beauty Brands transaction with Coty, may differ materially from the tax amounts recorded in our Consolidated Financial Statements, which could adversely impact our cash flows and financial results.
We must successfully manage ongoing acquisition, joint venture and divestiture activities.
As a company that manages a portfolio of consumer brands, our ongoing business model includes a certain level of acquisition, joint venture and divestiture activities. We must be able to successfully manage the impacts of these activities, while at the same time delivering against our business objectives. Specifically, our financial results could be adversely impacted by the dilutive impacts from the loss of earnings associated with divested brands. Our financial results could also be impacted in the event of acquisitions or joint venture activities if: 1) changes in the cash flows or other market-based assumptions cause the value of acquired assets to fall below book value, or 2) we are not able to deliver the expected cost and growth synergies associated with such acquisitions and joint ventures, which could also have an impact on goodwill and intangible assets.
Our business results depend on our ability to successfully manage productivity improvements and ongoing organizational change.
Our financial projections assume certain ongoing productivity improvements and cost savings, including staffing adjustments as well as employee departures. Failure to deliver these planned productivity improvements and cost savings, while continuing to invest in business growth, could adversely impact our financial results. Additionally, successfully executing management transitions at leadership levels of the Company and retention of key employees is critical to our business success. While we also look externally to hire and retain qualified personnel at various levels, we are generally a build-from-within company and our success is dependent on identifying, developing and retaining key employees to provide uninterrupted leadership and direction for our business. This includes developing and retaining organizational capabilities in key growth markets where the depth of skilled or experienced employees may be limited and competition for these resources is intense, as well as continuing the development and execution of robust leadership succession plans.

ended June 30, 2018.
Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)
 
Average Price Paid per Share (2)
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (3)
 Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under Our Share Repurchase Program
10/01/2017 - 10/31/20175,501,195
 $90.89 5,501,195
 
(3) 
11/01/2017 - 11/30/20175,683,380
 $87.98 5,683,380
 
(3) 
12/01/2017 - 12/31/20178,220,899
 $91.23 8,220,899
 
(3) 
Total19,405,474
 $90.18 19,405,474
  
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)
 
Average Price Paid per Share (2)
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (3)
 Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under Our Share Repurchase Program
7/01/2018 - 7/31/201815,834,932
 $79.09 12,638,835
 
(3) 
8/01/2018 - 8/31/20183,024,703
 $82.65 3,024,703
 
(3) 
9/01/2018 - 9/30/2018
 $0.00 
 
(3) 
Total18,859,635
 $79.66 15,663,538
  
(1) 
All transactions were made in the open market with large financial institutions. This table excludes shares withheld from employees to satisfy minimum tax withholding requirements on option exercises and other equity-based transactions. The Company administers cashless exercises through an independent third party and does not repurchase stock in connection with cashless exercises.
(2) 
Average price paid per share for open market transactions is calculated on a settlement basis and excludes commission.
(3) 
On January 23,October 19, 2018, the Company stated that in fiscal year 20182019 the Company expects to reduce outstanding shares through direct share repurchases at a value of approximately $6up to $8$5 billion, notwithstanding any purchases under the Company's compensation and benefit plans. Purchases may be made in the open market and/or private transactions and purchases may be increased, decreased or discontinued at any time without prior notice. The share repurchases are authorized pursuant to a resolution issued by the Company's Board of Directors and are expected to be financed by a combination of operating cash flows and issuance of long-term and short-term debt.




Item 6.Exhibits
   
3-1
 Amended Articles of Incorporation (as amended by shareholders at the annual meeting on October 11, 2011 and consolidated by the Board of Directors on April 8, 2016) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (3-1) of the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2016)
   
3-2
 Regulations (as approved by the Board of Directors on April 8, 2016, pursuant to authority granted by shareholders at the annual meeting on October 13, 2009) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (3-2) of the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2016)
   
4-1
Indenture, dated as of September 3, 2009, between the Company and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as Trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (4-1) of the Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2015)
10-1
 Regulations of the Compensation and Leadership Development Committee for The Procter & Gamble 2014Performance Stock and Incentive Compensation PlanProgram Summary * +
   
10-2
 Company’s FormThe Procter & Gamble Company Executive Deferred Compensation Plan * +
10-3
Summary of Separation LetterAdditional Personal Benefits Available to Certain Officers and ReleaseNon-Employee Directors * +
   
12
 Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges +
   
31.1
 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification – Chief Executive Officer +
   
31.2
 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification – Chief Financial Officer +
   
32.1
 Section 1350 Certifications – Chief Executive Officer +
   
32.2
 Section 1350 Certifications – Chief Financial Officer +
   
101.INS  (1)

 XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
   
101.SCH (1)

 XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
   
101.CAL (1)

 XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
   
101.DEF (1)

 XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
   
101.LAB (1)

 XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
   
101.PRE (1)

 XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

*Compensatory plan or arrangement
  
+Filed herewith
  
(1) 
XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language)Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, this information is furnished and not filed or a part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of sectionsSections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933 is deemed not filed for purposes of sectionand Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.


Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

     
    THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY
     
January 23,October 19, 2018   /s/ VALARIE L. SHEPPARD
Date   (Valarie L. Sheppard)
    Senior Vice President, Comptroller and Treasurer


EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit  
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
101.INS  (1)
 XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
   
101.SCH (1)
 XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
   
101.CAL (1)
 XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
   
101.DEF (1)
 XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
   
101.LAB (1)
 XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
   
101.PRE (1)
 XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
+Filed herewith
  
(1) 
XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language)Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, this information is furnished and not filed or a part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of sectionsSections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933 is deemed not filed for purposes of sectionand Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.