~~0000083246hsbcusa:GBMOtherMember2021-06-30~~0000083246us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMemberhsbcusa:HomeEquityBackedSecuritiesMember2023-03-31

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 001-07436

HSBC USA Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Maryland						13-2764867
(State of incorporation)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
452 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York						10018
(Address of principal executive offices)						(Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code (212) 525-5000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
$100,000,000 Zero Coupon Callable Accreting Notes due January 15, 2043	HBA/43	New York Stock Exchange
$50,000,000 Zero Coupon Callable Accreting Notes due January 29, 2043	HBA/43A	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer

☐

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☒

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of ~~July 29, 2022,~~April 28, 2023, there were 714 shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding, all of which are owned by HSBC North America Holdings Inc.


HSBC USA Inc.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


Part/Item No.
Part I		Page
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited):
	Consolidated Statement of Income	3
	Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	4
	Consolidated Balance Sheet	5
	Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity	7
	Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows	8
	Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements	9

















Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations:
	Forward-Looking Statements	7871
	Executive Overview	8073
	Basis of Reporting	8375

	Balance Sheet Review	8476
	Results of Operations	8980
	Segment Results - Group Reporting Basis	9885
	Credit Quality	~~107~~91
	Liquidity and Capital Resources	~~114~~98

	Fair Value	~~118~~102
	Risk Management	~~120~~103

	Consolidated Average Balances and Interest Rates	~~125~~108
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	~~127~~109






Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	~~127~~109








Part II
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	~~127~~109

Item 5.	Other Information	~~127~~109
Item 6.	Exhibits	~~129~~111

Signatures		~~130~~112


HSBC USA Inc.

PART I

Item 1. Financial Statements

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)


		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021		2022		2021
Three Months Ended March 31,											Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022
		(in millions)								(in millions)
Interest income:	Interest income:										Interest income:
Loans	Loans	$	437	$	441	$	813	$	892		Loans	$	803	$	376
Securities	Securities	169		160		310		337			Securities	323		141
Trading securities	Trading securities	55		54		118		102			Trading securities	49		63
Short-term investments	Short-term investments	110		17		137		33			Short-term investments	410		27
Other	Other	12		4		17		13			Other	19		5
Total interest income	Total interest income	783		676		1,395		1,377			Total interest income	1,604		612
Interest expense:	Interest expense:										Interest expense:
Deposits	Deposits	135		69		193		150			Deposits	756		58
Short-term borrowings	Short-term borrowings	21		4		26		9			Short-term borrowings	100		5
Long-term debt	Long-term debt	89		78		157		160			Long-term debt	256		68
Other	Other	6		2		10		4			Other	9		4
Total interest expense	Total interest expense	251		153		386		323			Total interest expense	1,121		135
Net interest income	Net interest income	532		523		1,009		1,054			Net interest income	483		477
Provision for credit losses	Provision for credit losses	69		(229)		80		(456)			Provision for credit losses	20		11
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	Net interest income after provision for credit losses	463		752		929		1,510			Net interest income after provision for credit losses	463		466
Other revenues:	Other revenues:										Other revenues:
Credit card fees, net	Credit card fees, net	12		13		27		23			Credit card fees, net	11		15
Trust and investment management fees	Trust and investment management fees	34		26		60		55			Trust and investment management fees	31		26
Other fees and commissions	Other fees and commissions	160		171		338		336			Other fees and commissions	148		178
Trading revenue	Trading revenue	61		2		133		43			Trading revenue	225		72

Other securities gains, net	Other securities gains, net	9		18		29		47			Other securities gains, net	3		20
Servicing and other fees from HSBC affiliates	Servicing and other fees from HSBC affiliates	87		70		188		153			Servicing and other fees from HSBC affiliates	74		101
Gain on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives		19		7		25		25
Gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives											Gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives	(22)		6
Gain on sale of branch disposal group, net	Gain on sale of branch disposal group, net	—		—		111		—			Gain on sale of branch disposal group, net	—		111
Other income (loss)	Other income (loss)	(39)		(3)		(82)		6			Other income (loss)	(17)		(43)
Total other revenues	Total other revenues	343		304		829		688			Total other revenues	453		486
Operating expenses:	Operating expenses:										Operating expenses:
Salaries and employee benefits	Salaries and employee benefits	138		182		292		358			Salaries and employee benefits	121		154
Support services from HSBC affiliates	Support services from HSBC affiliates	419		392		837		759			Support services from HSBC affiliates	384		418
Occupancy expense, net	Occupancy expense, net	13		118		30		148			Occupancy expense, net	30		17

Other expenses	Other expenses	123		110		220		219			Other expenses	94		97
Total operating expenses	Total operating expenses	693		802		1,379		1,484			Total operating expenses	629		686
Income before income tax	Income before income tax	113		254		379		714			Income before income tax	287		266
Income tax expense	Income tax expense	23		61		88		182			Income tax expense	70		65

Net income	Net income	$	90	$	193	$	291	$	532		Net income	$	217	$	201

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.


HSBC USA Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)


		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021		2022		2021
Three Months Ended March 31,											Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022
		(in millions)								(in millions)
Net income	Net income	$	90	$	193	$	291	$	532		Net income	$	217	$	201
Net change in unrealized gains (losses), net of tax:	Net change in unrealized gains (losses), net of tax:										Net change in unrealized gains (losses), net of tax:
Investment securities	Investment securities	(574)		53		(1,617)		(578)			Investment securities	204		(1,043)
Fair value option liabilities attributable to our own credit spread	Fair value option liabilities attributable to our own credit spread	51		10		80		—			Fair value option liabilities attributable to our own credit spread	63		29
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges	Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges	(62)		(9)		(214)		(21)			Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges	98		(152)
Pension and post-retirement benefit plans		—		1		—		1

Total other comprehensive income (loss)	Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(585)		55		(1,751)		(598)			Total other comprehensive income (loss)	365		(1,166)
Comprehensive income (loss)	Comprehensive income (loss)	$	(495)	$	248	$	(1,460)	$	(66)		Comprehensive income (loss)	$	582	$	(965)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.


HSBC USA Inc.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (UNAUDITED)


		June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(in millions, except share data)					(in millions, except share data)
Assets(1)	Assets(1)					Assets(1)
Cash and due from banks	Cash and due from banks	$	981	$	954	Cash and due from banks	$	922	$	1,004
Interest bearing deposits with banks	Interest bearing deposits with banks	42,538		47,400		Interest bearing deposits with banks	23,167		17,744
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell	Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell	4,941		10,514		Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell	21,721		23,085
Trading assets (includes $1.6 billion and $1.7 billion pledged to creditors at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively)		18,708		24,043
Securities available-for-sale (includes amortized cost of $33.3 billion and $35.4 billion at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, an allowance for credit losses of $2 million and $1 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and $1.0 billion and $2.4 billion pledged to creditors at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively)		31,062		35,298
Securities held-to-maturity, net of allowance for credit losses of nil and $1 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively (fair value of $4.5 billion and $5.4 billion at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively)		4,666		5,203
Loans		61,798		55,864
Trading assets (includes $1.9 billion and $1.3 billion pledged to creditors at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)						Trading assets (includes $1.9 billion and $1.3 billion pledged to creditors at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	17,559		21,730
Securities available-for-sale (includes amortized cost of $29.4 billion and $30.3 billion at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, an allowance for credit losses of nil at both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and $25 million and $55 million pledged to creditors at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)						Securities available-for-sale (includes amortized cost of $29.4 billion and $30.3 billion at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, an allowance for credit losses of nil at both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and $25 million and $55 million pledged to creditors at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	26,726		27,345
Securities held-to-maturity, net of allowance for credit losses of nil at both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (fair value of $10.2 billion and $6.9 billion at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)						Securities held-to-maturity, net of allowance for credit losses of nil at both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (fair value of $10.2 billion and $6.9 billion at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	10,552		7,317
Loans (includes $18 million and $20 million designated under fair value option at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)						Loans (includes $18 million and $20 million designated under fair value option at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	59,462		59,380
Less – allowance for credit losses	Less – allowance for credit losses	534		447		Less – allowance for credit losses	588		584
Loans, net	Loans, net	61,264		55,417		Loans, net	58,874		58,796
Loans held for sale (includes $194 million and $48 million designated under fair value option at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and $2,441 million related to branch disposal group held for sale at December 31, 2021)		489		4,217
Loans held for sale (includes $354 million and $237 million designated under fair value option at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)						Loans held for sale (includes $354 million and $237 million designated under fair value option at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	474		354
Properties and equipment, net	Properties and equipment, net	38		40		Properties and equipment, net	70		68
Goodwill	Goodwill	458		458		Goodwill	458		458
Other branch related assets held for sale		—		249
Other assets, net of allowance for credit losses of $1 million at both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021		6,087		5,439

Other assets, net of allowance for credit losses of nil at both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (includes nil and $325 million designated under fair value option at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)						Other assets, net of allowance for credit losses of nil at both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (includes nil and $325 million designated under fair value option at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	6,027		6,754

Total assets	Total assets	$	171,232	$	189,232	Total assets	$	166,550	$	164,655
Liabilities(1)	Liabilities(1)					Liabilities(1)
Debt:	Debt:					Debt:
Domestic deposits:	Domestic deposits:					Domestic deposits:
Noninterest bearing	Noninterest bearing	$	34,132	$	40,333	Noninterest bearing	$	31,381	$	29,660
Interest bearing (includes $2.0 billion and $2.7 billion designated under fair value option at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively)		84,732		89,122
Interest bearing (includes $1.4 billion and $1.6 billion designated under fair value option at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)						Interest bearing (includes $1.4 billion and $1.6 billion designated under fair value option at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	85,533		86,469

Foreign deposits - interest bearing	Foreign deposits - interest bearing	8,399		4,827		Foreign deposits - interest bearing	5,254		7,094
Deposits held for sale		—		8,750

Total deposits	Total deposits	127,263		143,032		Total deposits	122,168		123,223
Short-term borrowings	Short-term borrowings	5,898		6,338		Short-term borrowings	6,822		5,945
Long-term debt (includes $7.1 billion and $8.9 billion designated under fair value option at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively)		16,026		17,236
Long-term debt (includes $8.9 billion and $8.4 billion designated under fair value option at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)						Long-term debt (includes $8.9 billion and $8.4 billion designated under fair value option at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	19,517		17,591
Total debt	Total debt	149,187		166,606		Total debt	148,507		146,759
Trading liabilities	Trading liabilities	3,766		3,023		Trading liabilities	2,243		2,803
Other branch related liabilities held for sale		—		152
Interest, taxes and other liabilities		2,742		2,411

Interest, taxes and other liabilities (includes nil and $325 million designated under fair value option at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)						Interest, taxes and other liabilities (includes nil and $325 million designated under fair value option at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	3,109		2,980

Total liabilities	Total liabilities	155,695		172,192		Total liabilities	153,859		152,542
Equity	Equity					Equity
Preferred stock (no par value; 40,999,000 shares authorized; 1,265 shares issued and outstanding at both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021)		1,265		1,265
Preferred stock (no par value; 40,999,000 shares authorized; 265 shares issued and outstanding at both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022)						Preferred stock (no par value; 40,999,000 shares authorized; 265 shares issued and outstanding at both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022)	265		265
Common equity:	Common equity:					Common equity:
Common stock ($5 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized; 714 shares issued and outstanding at both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021)		—		—
Common stock ($5 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized; 714 shares issued and outstanding at both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022)						Common stock ($5 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized; 714 shares issued and outstanding at both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022)	—		—
Additional paid-in capital	Additional paid-in capital	14,737		14,742		Additional paid-in capital	12,736		12,740
Retained earnings	Retained earnings	1,465		1,212		Retained earnings	1,900		1,683
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,930)		(179)		Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(2,210)		(2,575)
Total common equity	Total common equity	14,272		15,775		Total common equity	12,426		11,848
Total equity	Total equity	15,537		17,040		Total equity	12,691		12,113
Total liabilities and equity	Total liabilities and equity	$	171,232	$	189,232	Total liabilities and equity	$	166,550	$	164,655


HSBC USA Inc.

(1)The following table summarizes assets and liabilities related to our consolidated variable interest entities ("VIEs") at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. Assets and liabilities exclude intercompany balances that eliminate in consolidation. See Note 17, "Variable Interest Entities," for additional information.


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~


		June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(in millions)					(in millions)
Assets	Assets					Assets
Loans		$	118	$	46
Loans, net						Loans, net	$	140	$	162
Other assets	Other assets	46		55		Other assets	41		44
Total assets	Total assets	$	164	$	101	Total assets	$	181	$	206
Liabilities	Liabilities					Liabilities

Interest, taxes and other liabilities	Interest, taxes and other liabilities	$	28	$	9	Interest, taxes and other liabilities	$	18	$	22
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	$	28	$	9	Total liabilities	$	18	$	22

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.


HSBC USA Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (UNAUDITED)


Three Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021
		(in millions)
Preferred stock

Balance at beginning and end of period		$	1,265	$	1,265
Common stock
Balance at beginning and end of period		—		—
Additional paid-in capital
Balance at beginning of period		14,740		15,743

Employee benefit plans		(3)		—
Balance at end of period		14,737		15,743
Retained earnings
Balance at beginning of period		1,413		940
Net income		90		193
Cash dividends declared on preferred stock		(38)		(38)
Balance at end of period		1,465		1,095
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Balance at beginning of period		(1,345)		26
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		(585)		55
Balance at end of period		(1,930)		81
Total common equity		14,272		16,919
Total equity		$	15,537	$	18,184

Six Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021

Three Months Ended March 31,							Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022
		(in millions)				(in millions)
Preferred stock	Preferred stock						Preferred stock
Balance at beginning and end of period	Balance at beginning and end of period	$	1,265	$	1,265		Balance at beginning and end of period	$	265	$	1,265

Common stock	Common stock						Common stock
Balance at beginning and end of period	Balance at beginning and end of period	—		—			Balance at beginning and end of period	—		—
Additional paid-in capital	Additional paid-in capital						Additional paid-in capital
Balance at beginning of period	Balance at beginning of period	14,742		15,746			Balance at beginning of period	12,740		14,742

Employee benefit plans	Employee benefit plans	(5)		(3)			Employee benefit plans	(4)		(2)
Balance at end of period	Balance at end of period	14,737		15,743			Balance at end of period	12,736		14,740
Retained earnings	Retained earnings						Retained earnings
Balance at beginning of period	Balance at beginning of period	1,212		601			Balance at beginning of period	1,683		1,212

Net income	Net income	291		532			Net income	217		201
Cash dividends declared on preferred stock		(38)		(38)

Balance at end of period	Balance at end of period	1,465		1,095			Balance at end of period	1,900		1,413
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss							Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Balance at beginning of period	Balance at beginning of period	(179)		679			Balance at beginning of period	(2,575)		(179)

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		(1,751)		(598)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax							Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	365		(1,166)
Balance at end of period	Balance at end of period	(1,930)		81			Balance at end of period	(2,210)		(1,345)
Total common equity	Total common equity	14,272		16,919			Total common equity	12,426		14,808
Total equity	Total equity	$	15,537	$	18,184		Total equity	$	12,691	$	16,073

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.


HSBC USA Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021
(in millions)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income $ 291 $ 532
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 84 161
Gain on sale of branch disposal group, net (111) —
Provision for credit losses 80 (456)
Net realized gains on securities available-for-sale (29) (47)
Net change in other assets and liabilities (795) 1,219
Net change in loans held for sale:
Originations and purchases of loans held for sale (1,097) (1,407)
Sales and collections of loans held for sale 1,052 1,398
Net change in trading assets and liabilities 6,078 (3,516)
Lower of amortized cost or fair value adjustments on loans held for sale 6 5
Gain on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives (25) (25)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 5,534 (2,136)
Cash flows from investing activities
Net change in federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell 5,573 25,243
Securities available-for-sale:
Purchases of securities available-for-sale (3,510) (9,173)
Proceeds from sales of securities available-for-sale 1,002 6,170
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities of securities available-for-sale 3,066 7,865
Securities held-to-maturity:
Purchases of securities held-to-maturity (475) —
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities of securities held-to-maturity 1,003 2,210
Change in loans:
Originations, net of collections (5,476) 2,718
Loans sold to third parties 1,136 1,091
Net cash used for acquisitions of properties and equipment (6) —
Net outflow related to the sale of branch disposal group (4,621) —
Other, net (16) 80
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (2,324) 36,204
Cash flows from financing activities
Net change in deposits (8,580) 2,221
Debt:
Net change in short-term borrowings (440) (1,146)
Issuance of long-term debt 2,844 5,317
Repayment of long-term debt (1,884) (6,154)
Other decreases in capital surplus (5) (3)
Dividends paid (38) (38)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (8,103) 197
Net change in cash and due from banks and interest bearing deposits with banks (4,893) 34,265
Cash and due from banks and interest bearing deposits with banks at beginning of period(1)
48,412 15,655
Cash and due from banks and interest bearing deposits with banks at end of period(1)
$ 43,519 $ 49,920


Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022
	(in millions)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	217	$	201


Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	3		38

Gain on sale of branch disposal group, net	—		(111)

Provision for credit losses	20		11


Net realized gains on securities available-for-sale	(3)		(20)

Net change in other assets and liabilities	1,039		(1,864)
Net change in loans held for sale:
Originations and purchases of loans held for sale	(192)		(514)
Sales and collections of loans held for sale	73		505
Net change in trading assets and liabilities	3,611		6,600
Lower of amortized cost or fair value adjustments on loans held for sale	—		(3)
Loss (gain) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives	22		(6)


Net cash provided by operating activities	4,790		4,837
Cash flows from investing activities
Net change in federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell	1,364		4,755
Securities available-for-sale:
Purchases of securities available-for-sale	(1,077)		(2,401)
Proceeds from sales of securities available-for-sale	681		316
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities of securities available-for-sale	1,618		1,601
Securities held-to-maturity:
Purchases of securities held-to-maturity	(3,388)		(145)

Proceeds from paydowns and maturities of securities held-to-maturity	162		537
Change in loans:
Originations, net of collections	(278)		(2,776)
Loans sold to third parties	200		1,126

Net cash used for acquisitions of properties and equipment	(8)		(5)
Net outflow related to the sale of branch disposal group	—		(4,621)

Other, net	36		13


Net cash used in investing activities	(690)		(1,600)

Cash flows from financing activities
Net change in deposits	(1,062)		(4,791)
Debt:
Net change in short-term borrowings	877		452
Issuance of long-term debt	2,033		647
Repayment of long-term debt	(603)		(1,241)




Other decreases in capital surplus	(4)		(2)



Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	1,241		(4,935)
Net change in cash and due from banks and interest bearing deposits with banks	5,341		(1,698)
Cash and due from banks and interest bearing deposits with banks at beginning of period	18,748		48,412
Cash and due from banks and interest bearing deposits with banks at end of period	$	24,089	$	46,714

~~(1)Included $58 million of cash which was reported in other branch related assets held for sale on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2021.~~

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.


HSBC USA Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ~~(UNAUDITED)~~


Note	Note		Page	Note		Page	Note		Page	Note		Page
1	1	Organization and Presentation	9	12	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	44	1	Organization and Presentation	9	12	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	41

2	2	Strategic Initiatives	10	13	Fee Income from Contracts with Customers	46	2	Strategic Initiatives	10	13	Fee Income from Contracts with Customers	42
3	3	Branch Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale	12	14	Related Party Transactions	47	3	Sale of Certain Branch Assets and Liabilities	10	14	Related Party Transactions	43
4	4	Trading Assets and Liabilities	13	15	Business Segments	49	4	Trading Assets and Liabilities	11	15	Business Segments	45
5	5	Securities	14	16	Retained Earnings and Regulatory Capital Requirements	52	5	Securities	12	16	Retained Earnings and Regulatory Capital Requirements	47
6	6	Loans	18	17	Variable Interest Entities	53	6	Loans	16	17	Variable Interest Entities	48
7	7	Allowance for Credit Losses	30	18	Guarantee Arrangements, Pledged Assets and Repurchase Agreements	55	7	Allowance for Credit Losses	29	18	Guarantee Arrangements, Pledged Assets and Repurchase Agreements	50
8	8	Loans Held for Sale	33	19	Fair Value Measurements	60	8	Loans Held for Sale	32	19	Fair Value Measurements	55
9	9	Goodwill	35	20	Litigation and Regulatory Matters	76	9	Goodwill	33	20	Litigation and Regulatory Matters	69
10	10	Derivative Financial Instruments	35	21	New Accounting Pronouncements	77	10	Derivative Financial Instruments	33	21	New Accounting Pronouncements	70

11	11	Fair Value Option	41				11	Fair Value Option	39

1. Organization and Presentation

HSBC USA Inc. ("HSBC USA"), incorporated under the laws of Maryland, is a New York State based bank holding company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC North America Holdings Inc. ("HSBC North America"), which is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC Holdings plc ("HSBC" and, together with its subsidiaries, "HSBC Group"). The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of HSBC USA and its subsidiaries (collectively "HUSI") have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X, as well as in accordance with predominant practices within the banking industry. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. HSBC USA's principal U.S. banking subsidiary is HSBC Bank USA, National Association (together with its subsidiaries, "HSBC Bank USA"). In the opinion of management, all normal and recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair statement of financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods have been made. HUSI may also be referred to in these notes to the consolidated financial statements as "we," "us" or "our." These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021~~2022 (the ~~"2021~~"2022 Form 10-K"). ~~Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation.~~

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Interim results should not be considered indicative of results in future periods.


HSBC USA Inc.

2. Strategic Initiatives

As discussed in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K, we ~~previously announced a~~completed our strategic plan to restructure our operations ("Restructuring Plan") in alignment with HSBC’s global strategy, to refocus our wholesale operations to better serve our international corporate clients and restructure our retail operations to better meet the needs of globally mobile and affluent clients. Our Restructuring Plan also includes streamlining our functional and operations support model by removing duplication and reducing the size of our balance sheet to better align with the scope and scale of the U.S. opportunity. As discussed further in Note 3, "Branch Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale," during the second quarter of 2021, we made the decision to exit our mass market retail banking business, including the sale or closure of certain branches, and transferred certain assets and liabilities to held for sale. We expect to incur pre-tax charges in connection with this Restructuring Plan over the three-year period of 2020-2022 ~~of approximately $780-$860 million ($590-$650 million after-tax). The following table presents a summary of the total pre-tax charges we currently expect to~~and will no longer incur ~~by reportable segment:~~

Expected Charges in Connection
with Restructuring Plan
Minimum Maximum
(in millions)
Wealth and Personal Banking $ 160 $ 180
Commercial Banking 16 18
Markets and Securities Services 80 82
Global Banking and Markets Other 14 16
Corporate Center(1)
510 564
Total $ 780 $ 860

~~(1)Includes restructuring charges primarily~~costs related to ~~lease impairment and other related costs, support service project costs and severance costs associated with certain centralized activities and functions.~~

During the first half of 2022, we continued to progress our Restructuring Plan, including simplification of our support service functions and investing in systems infrastructure and new technologies. In February 2022, we also completed the sale of the branch disposal group associated with the exit of our mass market retail banking business.this plan. During the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2022, we recorded pre-tax charges in connection with our Restructuring Plan totaling $41 million and $72 million, respectively, compared with pre-tax charges totaling $118 million and $136 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively. To date, we have recorded a total of $641$31 million of pre-tax charges in connection with our Restructuring Plan. ~~We remain committed to our multi-year strategic plan to re-profile our business.~~

The following table summarizes the changes in the liability associated with our Restructuring Plan during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022 and 2021:~~March 31, 2022:

Severance and Other Employee Costs(1)
Lease Termination and Associated Costs(2)
Other(3)
Total
(in millions)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
Restructuring liability at beginning of period $ 2 $ 38 $ — $ 40
Restructuring costs accrued during the period 4 — 11 15
Restructuring costs paid during the period (4) (4) (11) (19)
Restructuring liability at end of period $ 2 $ 34 $ — $ 36
Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
Restructuring liability at beginning of period $ 2 $ 22 $ — $ 24
Restructuring costs accrued during the period 5 30 4 39
Restructuring costs paid during the period (1) (6) (4) (11)
Restructuring liability at end of period $ 6 $ 46 $ — $ 52


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~


		Severance and Other Employee Costs(1)		Lease Termination and Associated Costs(2)		Other(3)		Total			Severance and Other Employee Costs(1)		Lease Termination and Associated Costs(2)		Other(3)		Total
		(in millions)									(in millions)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022										Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Restructuring liability at beginning of period	Restructuring liability at beginning of period	$	10	$	46	$	—	$	56	Restructuring liability at beginning of period	$	10	$	46	$	—	$	56
Restructuring costs accrued during the period	Restructuring costs accrued during the period	4		—		18		22		Restructuring costs accrued during the period	—		—		7		7
Restructuring costs paid during the period	Restructuring costs paid during the period	(12)		(12)		(18)		(42)		Restructuring costs paid during the period	(8)		(8)		(7)		(23)
Restructuring liability at end of period		$	2	$	34	$	—	$	36
Restructuring liability at end of period(4)										Restructuring liability at end of period(4)	$	2	$	38	$	—	$	40

Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Restructuring liability at beginning of period		$	10	$	23	$	—	$	33
Restructuring costs accrued during the period		5		30		6		41
Restructuring costs paid during the period		(9)		(7)		(6)		(22)
Restructuring liability at end of period		$	6	$	46	$	—	$	52

(1)Severance and other employee costs are included in salaries and employee benefits in the consolidated statement of income. The majority of these costs were reported in the Wealth and Personal Banking business segment. Not included in these costs are allocated severance costs from HSBC Technology & Services (USA) Inc. ("HTSU") discussed further below.

(2)Primarily includes real estate taxes, service charges and decommissioning costs. Lease termination and associated costs are included in occupancy expense, net in the consolidated statement of income and were reported in the Wealth and Personal Banking and the Corporate Center business segments.

(3)Primarily includes professional fees and other staff costs, which are included in other expenses in the consolidated statement of income. The majority of these costs were reported in the Wealth and Personal Banking business segment.

(4)At March 31, 2023, our remaining liability associated with our Restructuring Plan totaled $37 million.

In addition to the restructuring costs reflected in the rollforward table above, during the ~~three and six months ended June 30,~~first quarter of 2022, we ~~reversed $4~~recorded impairment charges of $1 million ~~and $3 million, respectively, of~~to write-down the lease right-of-use ("ROU") ~~asset and leasehold improvement asset impairment charges~~assets associated with certain office space that we determined we would exit.

During the second quarter of 2021, as part of our decision to exit our mass market retail banking business, we determined that we would exit approximately 30 branches. As a result, we recorded impairment charges during the second quarter of 2021 to write-off the assets associated with these branches, including $29 million of lease ROU assets, $18 million of leasehold improvement assets and $3 million of equipment assets. During the second quarter of 2021, we also recorded impairment charges of $5 million to write-down the lease ROU assets and leasehold improvement assets associated with closed branches and certain office space that we determined we would exit. Lease These impairment charges are reflected in occupancy expense, net in the consolidated statement of income and were reported in the ~~Wealth and Personal Banking and the~~ Corporate Center ~~business segments.~~

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we recorded $6 million and $10 million, respectively, of trading losses associated with the exit of certain derivative contracts as part of our Restructuring Plan. These losses are included in trading revenue in the consolidated statement of income and were reported in the Markets and Securities Services business segment.

Our Restructuring Plan also resulted in costs being allocated to us from HTSU, primarily support service project costs and severance costs, which are reflected in support services from HSBC affiliates in the consolidated statement of income. During the ~~three and six months ended June 30,~~first quarter of 2022, we recorded ~~$30~~$23 million ~~and $53 million, respectively,~~ of allocated costs from HTSU related to restructuring ~~activities compared with $18 million and $30 million of allocated costs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.~~activities. These costs were reported in the Corporate Center business segment.

HSBC Group Restructuring Separate from the charges related to our Restructuring Plan as detailed above, during the ~~three and six months ended June 30,~~first quarter of 2022, we also recorded ~~$25~~$17 million ~~and $42 million, respectively,~~ of allocated costs from other HSBC affiliates related to the HSBC Group's restructuring activities, primarily support service project costs and severance ~~costs, compared with $11 million and $18 million of allocated costs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.~~costs. These costs are reflected in support services from HSBC affiliates in the consolidated statement of income and were reported in the Corporate Center business segment.


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

3. Sale of Certain Branch Assets and Liabilities ~~Held for Sale~~

In ~~May~~ 2021, as part of our Restructuring Plan we announced that we would take further actions to strategically reposition our Wealth and Personal Banking business to focus on the banking and wealth management needs of globally-connected affluent and high net worth clients through our Premier, Jade and Private Banking propositions and exit our mass market retail banking business, including our Personal and Advance propositions as well as retail business ~~banking, and rebrand certain of our retail branches into international wealth centers to serve our Premier and Jade customers.~~banking. In conjunction with the execution of this strategy, we ~~had~~ entered into definitive sale agreements with third parties to sell 90 of our retail branches along with substantially all residential mortgage, unsecured and retail business banking loans and deposits in our branch network not associated with our Premier, Jade and Private Banking customers. As a result, ~~of entering into these sale agreements,~~ assets and liabilities related to ~~the~~these sale agreements were transferred to held for ~~sale during the second quarter of 2021.~~sale. Income before tax of this disposal group was not ~~material during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.~~material.

In February 2022, we completed the sale of the branch disposal group and recognized a gain on sale of ~~approximately~~ $111 million, net of transaction costs. Included in the sale was approximately $2,148 million of loans, $45 million of properties and equipment, $16 million of cash, $6,919 million of deposits, $145 million of lease liabilities and $6 million of other liabilities. Certain assets under management associated with our mass market retail banking operations which are managed by an affiliate were also transferred to one of the buyers. In addition, we have rebranded 22 of our retail branches into international wealth centers and the remaining branches not sold or rebranded have been closed.

Mass market retail banking loans not included in the transaction described above were also transferred to held for sale ~~during the second quarter of~~in 2021 as we did not intend to hold these loans for the foreseeable future. ~~Certain of these~~These loans have since been ~~sold.~~sold or transferred back to held for investment. See Note 8, "Loans Held for Sale," for additional details.

Releases of the allowance for credit losses on the loans transferred to held for sale discussed above resulted in a reduction to the provision for credit losses of approximately $101 million ($100 million of which related to consumer loans) during the second quarter of 2021. See Note 7, "Allowance for Credit Losses," for additional details.

1210


HSBC USA Inc.

4. Trading Assets and Liabilities

Trading assets and liabilities consisted of the following:


		June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(in millions)					(in millions)
Trading assets:	Trading assets:					Trading assets:
U.S. Treasury	U.S. Treasury	$	1,964	$	2,337	U.S. Treasury	$	2,073	$	1,670

U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed						U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed	1		—
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	398		432		U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	406		369

Foreign bonds	Foreign bonds	1,606		167		Foreign bonds	1,677		6,391
Equity securities	Equity securities	9,065		15,795		Equity securities	7,761		7,855
Precious metals	Precious metals	3,372		3,907		Precious metals	4,430		3,831
Derivatives, net	Derivatives, net	2,303		1,405		Derivatives, net	1,211		1,614
Total trading assets	Total trading assets	$	18,708	$	24,043	Total trading assets	$	17,559	$	21,730
Trading liabilities:	Trading liabilities:					Trading liabilities:
Securities sold, not yet purchased	Securities sold, not yet purchased	$	907	$	1,103	Securities sold, not yet purchased	$	984	$	837
Payables for precious metals		340		46

Derivatives, net	Derivatives, net	2,519		1,874		Derivatives, net	1,259		1,966
Total trading liabilities	Total trading liabilities	$	3,766	$	3,023	Total trading liabilities	$	2,243	$	2,803

At ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the fair value of derivatives included in trading assets is net of ~~$3,410~~$2,008 million and ~~$1,419~~$2,653 million, respectively, relating to amounts recognized for the obligation to return cash collateral received under master netting agreements with derivative counterparties.

At ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the fair value of derivatives included in trading liabilities is net of ~~$1,671~~$1,213 million and ~~$1,296~~$1,180 million, respectively, relating to amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral paid under master netting agreements with derivative counterparties.

See Note 10, "Derivative Financial Instruments," for further information on our trading derivatives and related collateral.

Dividend income on equity securities held for trading, which is recorded in interest income in the consolidated statement of income, totaled ~~$42~~$34 million and ~~$90~~$48 million during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022, ~~respectively, compared with $38 million and $64 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021,~~ respectively. Trading security positions are held as economic hedges of derivative products issued to our clients.

1311


HSBC USA Inc.

5. Securities

Our securities available-for-sale and securities held-to-maturity portfolios consisted of the following:


June 30, 2022		Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
March 31, 2023												March 31, 2023	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
		(in millions)											(in millions)
Securities available-for-sale:	Securities available-for-sale:											Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury	U.S. Treasury	$	8,791	$	—	$	46	$	(201)	$	8,636	U.S. Treasury	$	7,555	$	—	$	36	$	(214)	$	7,377
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises:	U.S. Government sponsored enterprises:											U.S. Government sponsored enterprises:
Mortgage-backed securities	Mortgage-backed securities	6,825		—		—		(747)		6,078		Mortgage-backed securities	6,415		—		—		(947)		5,468
Collateralized mortgage obligations	Collateralized mortgage obligations	1,630		—		—		(227)		1,403		Collateralized mortgage obligations	1,522		—		—		(292)		1,230
Direct agency obligations	Direct agency obligations	1,830		—		4		(45)		1,789		Direct agency obligations	1,751		—		—		(59)		1,692
U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed:	U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed:											U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed:
Mortgage-backed securities	Mortgage-backed securities	8,053		—		8		(641)		7,420		Mortgage-backed securities	7,415		—		—		(718)		6,697
Collateralized mortgage obligations	Collateralized mortgage obligations	3,394		—		—		(376)		3,018		Collateralized mortgage obligations	3,094		—		—		(500)		2,594
Direct agency obligations	Direct agency obligations	248		—		3		(4)		247		Direct agency obligations	220		—		2		(6)		216

Asset-backed securities collateralized by:	Asset-backed securities collateralized by:											Asset-backed securities collateralized by:

Home equity	Home equity	17		—		—		(1)		16		Home equity	15		—		—		(1)		14

Other	Other	106		(2)		—		(7)		97		Other	104		—		—		(11)		93

Foreign debt securities(1)	Foreign debt securities(1)	2,364		—		3		(9)		2,358		Foreign debt securities(1)	1,349		—		1		(5)		1,345
Total available-for-sale securities	Total available-for-sale securities	$	33,258	$	(2)	$	64	$	(2,258)	$	31,062	Total available-for-sale securities	$	29,440	$	—	$	39	$	(2,753)	$	26,726
Securities held-to-maturity:	Securities held-to-maturity:											Securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasury												U.S. Treasury	$	1,423	$	—	$	10	$	—	$	1,433
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises:	U.S. Government sponsored enterprises:											U.S. Government sponsored enterprises:
Mortgage-backed securities	Mortgage-backed securities	$	903	$	—	$	—	$	(26)	$	877	Mortgage-backed securities	1,127		—		—		(67)		1,060
Collateralized mortgage obligations	Collateralized mortgage obligations	521		—		10		(11)		520		Collateralized mortgage obligations	342		—		4		(16)		330
U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed:	U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed:											U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed:
Mortgage-backed securities	Mortgage-backed securities	937		—		—		(51)		886		Mortgage-backed securities	5,676		—		17		(141)		5,552
Collateralized mortgage obligations	Collateralized mortgage obligations	2,296		—		2		(78)		2,220		Collateralized mortgage obligations	1,979		—		—		(140)		1,839
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions	Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions	8		—		—		—		8		Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions	4		—		—		—		4
Asset-backed securities collateralized by residential mortgages	Asset-backed securities collateralized by residential mortgages	1		—		—		—		1		Asset-backed securities collateralized by residential mortgages	1		—		—		—		1

Total held-to-maturity securities	Total held-to-maturity securities	$	4,666	$	—	$	12	$	(166)	$	4,512	Total held-to-maturity securities	$	10,552	$	—	$	31	$	(364)	$	10,219

1412


HSBC USA Inc.


December 31, 2021		Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
December 31, 2022												December 31, 2022	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
		(in millions)											(in millions)
Securities available-for-sale:	Securities available-for-sale:											Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury	U.S. Treasury	$	9,490	$	—	$	144	$	(72)	$	9,562	U.S. Treasury	$	7,662	$	—	$	32	$	(242)	$	7,452
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises:	U.S. Government sponsored enterprises:											U.S. Government sponsored enterprises:
Mortgage-backed securities	Mortgage-backed securities	7,365		—		114		(115)		7,364		Mortgage-backed securities	6,537		—		—		(1,024)		5,513
Collateralized mortgage obligations	Collateralized mortgage obligations	1,787		—		8		(48)		1,747		Collateralized mortgage obligations	1,549		—		—		(323)		1,226
Direct agency obligations	Direct agency obligations	1,775		—		16		(4)		1,787		Direct agency obligations	1,807		—		1		(71)		1,737
U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed:	U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed:											U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed:
Mortgage-backed securities	Mortgage-backed securities	8,489		—		7		(66)		8,430		Mortgage-backed securities	7,477		—		—		(772)		6,705
Collateralized mortgage obligations	Collateralized mortgage obligations	3,730		—		7		(49)		3,688		Collateralized mortgage obligations	3,163		—		—		(567)		2,596
Direct agency obligations	Direct agency obligations	282		—		6		—		288		Direct agency obligations	165		—		1		(4)		162

Asset-backed securities collateralized by:	Asset-backed securities collateralized by:											Asset-backed securities collateralized by:

Home equity	Home equity	20		(1)		—		—		19		Home equity	16		—		—		(1)		15

Other	Other	107		—		—		(6)		101		Other	105		—		—		(12)		93

Foreign debt securities(1)	Foreign debt securities(1)	2,311		—		3		(2)		2,312		Foreign debt securities(1)	1,854		—		1		(9)		1,846
Total available-for-sale securities	Total available-for-sale securities	$	35,356	$	(1)	$	305	$	(362)	$	35,298	Total available-for-sale securities	$	30,335	$	—	$	35	$	(3,025)	$	27,345
Securities held-to-maturity:	Securities held-to-maturity:											Securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasury												U.S. Treasury	$	873	$	—	$	—	$	(15)	$	858
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises:	U.S. Government sponsored enterprises:											U.S. Government sponsored enterprises:
Mortgage-backed securities	Mortgage-backed securities	$	684	$	—	$	21	$	—	$	705	Mortgage-backed securities	$	1,146	$	—	$	—	$	(80)	$	1,066
Collateralized mortgage obligations	Collateralized mortgage obligations	492		—		26		—		518		Collateralized mortgage obligations	358		—		3		(19)		342
U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed:	U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed:											U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed:
Mortgage-backed securities	Mortgage-backed securities	1,104		—		24		—		1,128		Mortgage-backed securities	2,895		—		—		(177)		2,718
Collateralized mortgage obligations	Collateralized mortgage obligations	2,915		—		85		(1)		2,999		Collateralized mortgage obligations	2,039		—		—		(167)		1,872
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions	Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions	8		—		—		—		8		Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions	5		—		—		—		5
Asset-backed securities collateralized by residential mortgages	Asset-backed securities collateralized by residential mortgages	1		(1)		1		—		1		Asset-backed securities collateralized by residential mortgages	1		—		—		—		1

Total held-to-maturity securities	Total held-to-maturity securities	$	5,204	$	(1)	$	157	$	(1)	$	5,359	Total held-to-maturity securities	$	7,317	$	—	$	3	$	(458)	$	6,862

(1)Foreign debt securities represent public sector entity, bank or corporate debt.

Securities Available-for-Sale The following provides additional information about our portfolio of securities available-for-sale:

Allowance for credit losses On a quarterly basis, we perform an assessment to determine whether there have been any events or economic circumstances to indicate that a debt security available-for-sale in an unrealized loss position has suffered impairment due to credit factors. A debt security available-for-sale is considered impaired if its fair value is less than its amortized cost basis at the reporting date. If impaired, we assess whether the impairment is due to credit factors.

If we intend to sell the debt security or if it is more-likely-than-not that we will be required to sell the debt security before the recovery of its amortized cost basis, the impairment is recognized and the unrealized loss is recorded as a direct write-down of the security's amortized cost basis with an offsetting ~~entry~~charge to earnings. If we do not intend to sell the debt security or believe we will not be required to sell the debt security before the recovery of its amortized cost basis, the impairment is assessed to determine if a credit loss component exists. We use a discounted cash flow method to determine the credit loss component. In the event a credit loss exists, an allowance for credit losses is recorded in earnings for the credit loss component of the impairment while the remaining portion of the impairment attributable to factors other than credit loss is recognized, net of tax, in other comprehensive income (loss). The amount of impairment recognized due to credit factors is limited to the excess of the amortized cost basis over the fair value of the security available-for-sale.

In determining whether a credit loss component exists, we consider a series of factors which include:

•The extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis;

1513


HSBC USA Inc.

•The credit protection features embedded within the instrument, which includes but is not limited to credit subordination positions, payment structure, overcollateralization, protective triggers and financial guarantees provided by third parties;

•Changes in the near term prospects of the issuer or the underlying collateral of a security such as changes in default rates, loss severities given default and significant changes in prepayment assumptions;

•The level of excess cash flows generated from the underlying collateral supporting the principal and interest payments of the debt securities; and

•Any adverse change to the credit conditions of the issuer, the monoline insurer or the security such as credit downgrades by external rating agencies or changes to internal ratings.

At ~~June 30, 2022~~both March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the allowance for credit losses on securities available-for-sale was ~~$2 million and $1 million, respectively.~~nil.

Securities in an unrealized loss position for which no allowance for credit losses has been recognized The following table summarizes gross unrealized losses and related fair values for securities available-for-sale by major security type at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 classified as to the length of time the losses have existed:


		One Year or Less					Greater Than One Year						One Year or Less					Greater Than One Year
		Number of Securities	Gross Unrealized Losses		Aggregate Fair Value of Investment		Number of Securities	Gross Unrealized Losses		Aggregate Fair Value of Investment			Number of Securities	Gross Unrealized Losses		Aggregate Fair Value of Investment		Number of Securities	Gross Unrealized Losses		Aggregate Fair Value of Investment
		(dollars are in millions)											(dollars are in millions)
At June 30, 2022
At March 31, 2023												At March 31, 2023
U.S. Treasury	U.S. Treasury	28	$	(105)	$	4,456	15	$	(96)	$	1,338	U.S. Treasury	5	$	(11)	$	724	37	$	(203)	$	4,467
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	252	(460)		5,338		55	(559)		3,306		U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	18	(17)		687		290	(1,281)		7,630
U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed	U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed	119	(842)		8,718		23	(179)		1,407		U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed	35	(232)		1,876		126	(992)		7,517

Asset-backed securities	Asset-backed securities	3	(1)		16		3	(7)		97		Asset-backed securities	—	—		—		6	(12)		108

Foreign debt securities	Foreign debt securities	4	(4)		356		2	(5)		107		Foreign debt securities	2	—		101		5	(5)		362
Securities available-for-sale	Securities available-for-sale	406	$	(1,412)	$	18,884	98	$	(846)	$	6,255	Securities available-for-sale	60	$	(260)	$	3,388	464	$	(2,493)	$	20,084
At December 31, 2021
At December 31, 2022												At December 31, 2022
U.S. Treasury	U.S. Treasury	11	$	(28)	$	1,784	9	$	(44)	$	856	U.S. Treasury	22	$	(105)	$	2,800	19	$	(137)	$	2,013
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	63	(155)		6,224		14	(12)		354		U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	233	(316)		3,270		79	(1,102)		4,959
U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed	U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed	59	(91)		8,972		15	(24)		769		U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed	107	(534)		4,547		55	(809)		4,856

Asset-backed securities	Asset-backed securities	—	—		—		3	(6)		101		Asset-backed securities	3	(1)		14		3	(12)		92

Foreign debt securities	Foreign debt securities	8	(2)		1,188		—	—		—		Foreign debt securities	4	(1)		337		3	(8)		286
Securities available-for-sale	Securities available-for-sale	141	$	(276)	$	18,168	41	$	(86)	$	2,080	Securities available-for-sale	369	$	(957)	$	10,968	159	$	(2,068)	$	12,206

Gross unrealized losses ~~increased~~decreased as compared with December 31, ~~2021~~2022 due primarily to ~~increasing yields~~decreasing long-term market rates on U.S. Government ~~agency~~sponsored mortgage-backed, U.S. Government ~~sponsored~~agency mortgage-backed and U.S. Treasury securities.

Although the fair value of a particular security may be below its amortized cost, it does not necessarily result in a credit loss and hence an allowance for credit losses. The decline in fair value may be caused by, among other things, higher market rates or the illiquidity of the market. We have reviewed the securities in an unrealized loss position for which no allowance for credit losses has been recognized in accordance with our accounting policies, discussed further above. At ~~June 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, we do not consider any of these securities to be impaired due to credit factors as we expect to recover their amortized cost basis and we neither intend nor expect to be required to sell these securities prior to recovery, even if that equates to holding them until their individual maturities. However, impairments due to credit factors may occur in future periods if the credit quality of the securities deteriorates.

Securities Held-to-Maturity The following provides additional information about our portfolio of securities held-to-maturity:

Allowance for credit losses We exclude from our calculation of lifetime expected credit losses ("ECL") securities for which we expect that non-payment of the amortized cost basis will be zero ("Zero Expected Credit Loss Exception"). Due to the composition of our portfolio of securities held-to-maturity, substantially all of our portfolio qualifies for the Zero Expected Credit Loss Exception and has been excluded from our lifetime ECL calculation. At ~~June 30, 2022~~both March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the allowance for credit losses on securities held-to-maturity was ~~nil and $1 million, respectively.~~nil.

At ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, none of our securities held-to-maturity were past due or in nonaccrual status.


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

Credit risk profile Securities are assigned a credit rating based on the estimated probability of default. The credit ratings are used as a credit quality indicator to monitor our securities held-to-maturity portfolio. We utilize Standard and Poor's ("S&P") as


HSBC USA Inc.

the primary source of our credit ratings. If S&P ratings are not available, ratings by Moody's and Fitch are used in that order. Investment grade includes securities with credit ratings of at least BBB- or above. At ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, all of our securities held-to-maturity were investment grade.

Other securities gains, net The following table summarizes realized gains and losses on investment securities transactions attributable to available-for-sale securities:


		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021		2022		2021
Three Months Ended March 31,										Three Months Ended March 31,		2023		2022
		(in millions)									(in millions)
Gross realized gains	Gross realized gains	$	10	$	39	$	30	$	88	Gross realized gains		$	3	$	20
Gross realized losses	Gross realized losses	(1)		(21)		(1)		(41)		Gross realized losses		—		—
Net realized gains	Net realized gains	$	9	$	18	$	29	$	47	Net realized gains		$	3	$	20

Contractual Maturities and Yields The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair values of securities available-for-sale and securities held-to-maturity at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 by contractual maturity. Expected maturities differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to prepay obligations without prepayment penalties in certain cases. The table below also reflects the distribution of maturities of debt securities held at ~~June 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, together with the approximate yield of the portfolio. The yields shown are calculated by dividing annualized interest income, including the accretion of discounts and the amortization of premiums, by the amortized cost of securities outstanding at ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023.


		Within One Year				After One But Within Five Years				After Five But Within Ten Years				After Ten Years					Within One Year				After One But Within Five Years				After Five But Within Ten Years				After Ten Years
		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield
		(dollars are in millions)																	(dollars are in millions)
Available-for-sale:	Available-for-sale:																	Available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury	U.S. Treasury	$	248	2.00	%	$	3,815	1.48	%	$	1,532	1.42	%	$	3,196	2.49	%	U.S. Treasury	$	—	—	%	$	3,524	1.64	%	$	981	1.49	%	$	3,050	2.61	%
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	149		1.42		1,772		1.71		1,491		2.19		6,873		1.69		U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	168		1.24		1,630		1.87		1,475		2.22		6,415		1.74
U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed	U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed	71		.26		21		1.01		3		3.96		11,600		2.25		U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed	—		—		70		3.15		1		7.07		10,658		2.55

Asset-backed securities	Asset-backed securities	—		—		—		—		106		4.14		17		1.44		Asset-backed securities	—		—		—		—		104		4.17		15		4.77

Foreign debt securities	Foreign debt securities	1,615		.31		749		.77		—		—		—		—		Foreign debt securities	869		.07		480		2.97		—		—		—		—
Total amortized cost	Total amortized cost	$	2,083	.59	%	$	6,357	1.46	%	$	3,132	1.88	%	$	21,686	2.11	%	Total amortized cost	$	1,037	.26	%	$	5,704	1.83	%	$	2,561	2.02	%	$	20,138	2.30	%
Total fair value	Total fair value	$	2,080			$	6,244			$	3,022			$	19,716			Total fair value	$	1,033			$	5,581			$	2,424			$	17,688
Held-to-maturity:	Held-to-maturity:																	Held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasury																		U.S. Treasury	$	—	—	%	$	254	3.85	%	$	1,169	3.72	%	$	—	—	%
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	$	17	2.81	%	$	97	2.39	%	$	609	2.83	%	$	701	3.37	%	U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	5		2.83		90		2.39		854		3.23		520		3.26
U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed	U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed	—		—		—		—		8		6.18		3,225		2.54		U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed	—		—		2		5.21		6		7.58		7,647		3.92
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions	Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions	4		3.24		2		3.57		2		4.36		—		—		Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions	1		3.46		3		4.21		—		—		—		—
Asset-backed securities	Asset-backed securities	—		—		—		—		—		—		1		7.68		Asset-backed securities	—		—		—		—		—		—		1		7.73

Total amortized cost	Total amortized cost	$	21	2.89	%	$	99	2.43	%	$	619	2.88	%	$	3,927	2.69	%	Total amortized cost	$	6	2.93	%	$	349	3.49	%	$	2,029	3.52	%	$	8,168	3.87	%
Total fair value	Total fair value	$	21			$	97			$	603			$	3,791			Total fair value	$	6			$	348			$	1,990			$	7,875

Equity Securities Equity securities that are not classified as trading and are included in other assets consisted of the following:


		June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(in millions)					(in millions)
Equity securities carried at fair value	Equity securities carried at fair value	$	276	$	282	Equity securities carried at fair value	$	266	$	267
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values	Equity securities without readily determinable fair values	15		16		Equity securities without readily determinable fair values	16		15

On a quarterly basis, we perform an assessment to determine whether any equity securities without readily determinable fair values are impaired. In the event an equity security is deemed impaired, the security is written down to fair value with


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

impairment recorded in earnings. During the first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, we determined that certain equity securities without readily determinable fair values were impaired and, as a result, we recorded an impairment loss of $3$4 million as a component of other


HSBC USA Inc.

income (loss) in the consolidated statement of income compared with recording an impairment loss of $3 million during the ~~second~~first quarter of ~~2021.~~2022.

Also included in other assets were investments in Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") stock and Federal Reserve Bank stock of ~~$107~~$95 million and ~~$528~~$438 million, respectively, at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and ~~$110~~$95 million and ~~$558~~$498 million, respectively, at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

6. Loans

Loans consisted of the following:


		June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(in millions)					(in millions)
Commercial loans:	Commercial loans:					Commercial loans:
Real estate, including construction	Real estate, including construction	$	8,791	$	8,234	Real estate, including construction	$	7,930	$	7,963
Business and corporate banking	Business and corporate banking	16,108		13,958		Business and corporate banking	16,495		16,075
Global banking(1)	Global banking(1)	12,963		11,109		Global banking(1)	10,510		10,578
Other commercial:	Other commercial:					Other commercial:
Affiliates(2)	Affiliates(2)	3,457		2,793		Affiliates(2)	3,409		3,557
Other	Other	3,376		3,702		Other	3,439		3,644
Total other commercial	Total other commercial	6,833		6,495		Total other commercial	6,848		7,201
Total commercial	Total commercial	44,695		39,796		Total commercial	41,783		41,817
Consumer loans:	Consumer loans:					Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages~~(3)~~	Residential mortgages~~(3)~~	16,475		15,469		Residential mortgages~~(3)~~	16,988		16,838
Home equity mortgages~~(3)~~	Home equity mortgages~~(3)~~	351		325		Home equity mortgages~~(3)~~	362		370
Credit cards	Credit cards	204		204		Credit cards	198		213
Other consumer(3)	Other consumer(3)	73		70		Other consumer(3)	131		142
Total consumer	Total consumer	17,103		16,068		Total consumer	17,679		17,563
Total loans	Total loans	$	61,798	$	55,864	Total loans	$	59,462	$	59,380

(1)Represents large multinational firms including globally focused U.S. corporate and financial institutions, U.S. dollar lending to multinational banking clients managed by HSBC on a global basis and complex large business clients supported by Global Banking and Markets relationship managers.

(2)See Note 14, "Related Party Transactions," for additional information regarding loans to HSBC affiliates.

(3)~~Consumer mortgage loans at June 30, 2022 include~~Includes certain student loans that ~~were transferred from held for sale~~we have elected to ~~held for investment during~~designate under the ~~second quarter of 2022.~~fair value option and are therefore carried at fair value, which totaled $18 million and $20 million at March 31, 2023andDecember 31, 2022, respectively. See Note ~~8, "Loans Held for Sale,~~11, "Fair Value Option," for ~~additional information.~~further details.

Net deferred origination costs totaled ~~$24~~$19 million and ~~$40~~$14 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. At ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, we had a net unamortized ~~premium (discount)~~discount on our loans of ~~$(7)~~$8 million and $5$10 million, respectively.

1816


HSBC USA Inc.

Aging Analysis of Past Due Loans The following table summarizes the past due status of our loans at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The aging of past due amounts is determined based on the contractual delinquency status of payments under the loan. An account is generally considered to be contractually delinquent when payments have not been made in accordance with the loan terms. Delinquency status is affected by customer account management policies and practices such as re-age, which results in the re-setting of the contractual delinquency status to current.


		Past Due				Total Past Due 30 Days or More														Past Due								Total Past Due 30 Days or More
		30 - 89 Days		90+ Days				Current(1)				Total Loans							30 - 89 Days			90+ Days								Current(1)				Total Loans
		(in millions)																		(in millions)
At June 30, 2022
At March 31, 2023																At March 31, 2023
Commercial loans:	Commercial loans:															Commercial loans:
Real estate, including construction	Real estate, including construction	$	33	$	76			$	109			$	8,682			$	8,791	Real estate, including construction				$	2			$	42			$	44			$	7,886			$	7,930
Business and corporate banking	Business and corporate banking	60		16		76				16,032				16,108		Business and corporate banking				108				39				147				16,348				16,495
Global banking	Global banking	—		3		3				12,960				12,963		Global banking				28				3				31				10,479				10,510
Other commercial	Other commercial	351		—		351				6,482				6,833		Other commercial				84				—				84				6,764				6,848
Total commercial	Total commercial	444		95		539				44,156				44,695		Total commercial				222				84				306				41,477				41,783
Consumer loans:	Consumer loans:															Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages~~(2)~~	Residential mortgages~~(2)~~	151		86		237				16,238				16,475		Residential mortgages~~(2)~~				129				113				242				16,746				16,988
Home equity mortgages(2)		2		3		5				346				351
Home equity mortgages																Home equity mortgages				2				8				10				352				362
Credit cards	Credit cards	1		1		2				202				204		Credit cards				3				3				6				192				198
Other consumer	Other consumer	—		—		—				73				73		Other consumer				2				2				4				127				131
Total consumer	Total consumer	154		90		244				16,859				17,103		Total consumer				136				126				262				17,417				17,679
Total loans	Total loans	$	598	$	185	$	783			$	61,015			$	61,798	Total loans				$	358			$	210			$	568			$	58,894			$	59,462
At December 31, 2021
At December 31, 2022																At December 31, 2022
Commercial loans:	Commercial loans:															Commercial loans:
Real estate, including construction	Real estate, including construction	$	38	$	—	$	38			$	8,196			$	8,234	Real estate, including construction				$	27			$	1			$	28			$	7,935			$	7,963
Business and corporate banking	Business and corporate banking	112		17		129				13,829				13,958		Business and corporate banking				13				23				36				16,039				16,075
Global banking	Global banking	—		27		27				11,082				11,109		Global banking				—				8				8				10,570				10,578
Other commercial	Other commercial	47		—		47				6,448				6,495		Other commercial				464				—				464				6,737				7,201
Total commercial	Total commercial	197		44		241				39,555				39,796		Total commercial				504				32				536				41,281				41,817
Consumer loans:	Consumer loans:															Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages	Residential mortgages	138		63		201				15,268				15,469		Residential mortgages				180				105				285				16,553				16,838
Home equity mortgages	Home equity mortgages	2		1		3				322				325		Home equity mortgages				2				3				5				365				370
Credit cards	Credit cards	5		2		7				197				204		Credit cards				2				2				4				209				213
Other consumer	Other consumer	1		—		1				69				70		Other consumer				2				1				3				139				142
Total consumer	Total consumer	146		66		212				15,856				16,068		Total consumer				186				111				297				17,266				17,563
Total loans	Total loans	$	343	$	110	$	453			$	55,411			$	55,864	Total loans				$	690			$	143			$	833			$	58,547			$	59,380

(1)Loans less than 30 days past due are presented as current.

~~(2)~~Consumer mortgage past due loans at June 30, 2022 include certain loans that were transferred from held for sale to held for investment during the second quarter of 2022, which collectively included $50 million of consumer mortgage loans which were past due 30 days or more at the time of transfer. See Note 8, "Loans Held for Sale," for additional information.

1917


HSBC USA Inc.

Nonperforming Loans Nonperforming loans, including nonaccrual loans and accruing loans contractually 90 days or more past due, consisted of the following:


		Nonaccrual Loans		Accruing Loans Contractually Past Due 90 Days or More		Nonaccrual Loans With No Allowance For Credit Losses			Nonaccrual Loans		Accruing Loans Contractually Past Due 90 Days or More		Nonaccrual Loans With No Allowance For Credit Losses
		(in millions)							(in millions)
At June 30, 2022
Commercial:
At March 31, 2023								At March 31, 2023
Commercial loans:								Commercial loans:
Real estate, including construction	Real estate, including construction	$	94	$	—	$	18	Real estate, including construction	$	109	$	—	$	44
Business and corporate banking	Business and corporate banking	122		1		64		Business and corporate banking	95		1		28
Global banking	Global banking	92		—		70		Global banking	54		—		40

Other commercial								Other commercial	1		—		1
Total commercial	Total commercial	308		1		152		Total commercial	259		1		113
Consumer:
Residential mortgages(1)(2)(3)(4)		198		—		64
Home equity mortgages(1)(2)(4)		9		—		5
Credit cards		—		1		—

Total consumer		207		1		69
Total nonperforming loans		$	515	$	2	$	221
At December 31, 2021
Commercial:
Real estate, including construction		$	140	$	—	$	20
Business and corporate banking		134		1		69
Global banking		105		—		63

Total commercial		379		1		152
Consumer:
Consumer loans:								Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages(1)(2)(3)	Residential mortgages(1)(2)(3)	229		—		55		Residential mortgages(1)(2)(3)	219		—		93
Home equity mortgages(1)(2)	Home equity mortgages(1)(2)	9		—		4		Home equity mortgages(1)(2)	11		—		5
Credit cards	Credit cards	—		2		—		Credit cards	—		3		—

Total consumer	Total consumer	238		2		59		Total consumer	230		3		98
Total nonperforming loans	Total nonperforming loans	$	617	$	3	$	211	Total nonperforming loans	$	489	$	4	$	211
At December 31, 2022								At December 31, 2022
Commercial loans:								Commercial loans:
Real estate, including construction								Real estate, including construction	$	45	$	—	$	43
Business and corporate banking								Business and corporate banking	116		1		62
Global banking								Global banking	54		—		40

Total commercial								Total commercial	215		1		145
Consumer loans:								Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages(1)(2)(3)								Residential mortgages(1)(2)(3)	213		—		79
Home equity mortgages(1)(2)								Home equity mortgages(1)(2)	7		—		5
Credit cards								Credit cards	—		2		—
Other consumer								Other consumer	—		1		—
Total consumer								Total consumer	220		3		84
Total nonperforming loans								Total nonperforming loans	$	435	$	4	$	229

(1)At ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, nonaccrual consumer mortgage loans include ~~$95~~$123 million and ~~$86~~$109 million, respectively, of loans that are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value of the collateral less cost to sell.

(2)Nonaccrual consumer mortgage loans include all loans which are 90 or more days contractually delinquent as well as loans discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy and not re-affirmed and second lien loans where the first lien loan that we own or service is 90 or more days contractually delinquent.

(3)Nonaccrual consumer mortgage loans for all periods does not include guaranteed loans purchased from the Government National Mortgage Association. Repayment of these loans is predominantly insured by the Federal Housing Administration and as such, these loans have different risk characteristics from the rest of our consumer loan portfolio.

~~(4)~~Consumer mortgage nonperforming loans at June 30, 2022 include certain loans that were transferred from held for sale to held for investment during the second quarter of 2022, which collectively included $63 million of consumer mortgage nonperforming loans at the time of transfer. See Note 8, "Loans Held for Sale," for additional information.

Interest income that was recorded on nonaccrual loans and included in interest income totaled ~~$2 million and $5~~$1 million during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022, respectively,~~March 31, 2023 compared with ~~$10 million and $25~~$3 million during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2021, respectively.~~March 31, 2022.

Collateral-Dependent Loans Loans for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty are considered to be collateral-dependent loans. Collateral can have a significant financial effect in mitigating our exposure to credit risk.

Collateral-dependent residential mortgage loans are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value of the collateral less costs to sell, with any excess in the carrying amount of the loan generally charged off at the time foreclosure is initiated or when settlement is reached with the borrower, but not to exceed the end of the month in which the account becomes six months contractually delinquent. Collateral values are based on broker price opinions or appraisals which are updated at least every 180 days less estimated costs to sell. During the quarterly period between updates, real estate price trends are reviewed on a geographic basis and incorporated as necessary. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had collateral-dependent residential mortgage loans totaling $264 million and $249 million, respectively.

2018


HSBC USA Inc.

~~geographic basis and incorporated as necessary. At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had collateral-dependent residential mortgage loans totaling $238 million and $214 million, respectively.~~

For collateral-dependent commercial loans, the allowance for expected credit losses is individually assessed based on the fair value of the collateral. Various types of collateral are used, including real estate, inventory, equipment, accounts receivable, securities and cash, among others. For commercial real estate loans, collateral values are generally based on appraisals which are updated based on management judgment under the specific circumstances on a case-by-case basis. In situations where an appraisal is not used, borrower-specific factors such as operating results, cash flows and debt service ratios are reviewed along with relevant market data of comparable properties in order to create a 10-year cash flow model to be discounted at appropriate rates to present value. The collateral value for securities is based on their quoted market prices or broker quotes. The collateral value for other financial assets is generally based on appraisals or is estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis. Commercial loan balances are charged off at the time all or a portion of the balance is deemed uncollectible. At ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, we had collateral-dependent commercial loans totaling ~~$246~~$196 million and ~~$347~~$130 million, respectively.

~~Troubled debt restructurings ("TDR Loans")~~ Loan Modifications ~~TDR Loans represent~~In conjunction with our loss mitigation activities, we modify certain loans ~~for which the original contractual terms have been modified~~ to ~~provide for terms that are less than what we would be willing to accept for new loans with comparable risk because of deterioration in the borrower's~~borrowers experiencing financial ~~condition.~~

difficulty. Modifications ~~for consumer or commercial loans~~ may include changes to one or more terms of the loan, including, but not limited to, a change in interest rate, extension of the ~~amortization period,~~term, reduction in payment amount and partial forgiveness or deferment of principal, accrued interest or other loan covenants. ~~A substantial amount~~As a result of ~~our~~adopting new accounting guidance in 2023, beginning January 1, 2023, new loan modifications ~~involve~~are no longer required to be evaluated to determine if they should be separately identified and accounted for as troubled debt restructurings ("TDR Loans"). See under the heading "TDR Loans prior to 2023" below for additional information.

The following disclosures provide information about loan payment modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the form of an interest rate ~~reductions on~~reduction, principal forgiveness, a term extension or significant payment deferral, or a combination thereof. Not included are loans with short-term payment modifications (e.g., deferrals of three months or less) and other insignificant modifications, such as covenant waivers and amendments, and deferrals of financial statement and covenant compliance reporting requirements. Commercial loan payment modifications typically involve term extensions. In certain cases, the term extension is coupled with an interest rate increase which is intended to reduce the financial effect of extending the life of the loan. The effects of these interest rate increases are not included in the following disclosures. For consumer loans, payment modifications typically involve payment deferrals or interest rate reductions which lower the amount of interest income we are contractually entitled to receive in future periods. Through lowering the interest rate, ~~and other loan term changes,~~ we believe we are able to increase the amount of cash flow that will ultimately be collected from the loan, given the borrower's financial condition.

The following table presents information about loan payment modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2023 by type of modification, including the period-end carrying value and as a percentage of total loans:



	Interest Rate Reduction		Principal Forgiveness		Term Extension / Significant Payment Deferral		Combination(1)		Total		% of Total Loans
	(dollars are in millions)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Commercial loans:
Real estate, including construction	$	—	$	—	$	96	$	—	$	96	1.2	%
Business and corporate banking	—		—		49		12		61		.4


Total commercial	—		—		145		12		157		.4
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages(2)	—		—		—		1		1		.0

Credit cards	—		—		1		—		1		.5

Total consumer	—		—		1		1		2		.0
Total	$	—	$	—	$	146	$	13	$	159	.3

(1)Represents loans with more than one type of payment modification during the period.

(2)During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the carrying value of consumer mortgage loans with a payment modification included $1 million of loans that were recorded at the lower of amortized cost or fair value of the collateral less cost to sell.

At March 31, 2023, additional commitments to lend to commercial borrowers who were provided with a loan payment modification during the three months ended March 31, 2023 totaled $15 million.


HSBC USA Inc.

The following table summarizes the financial effect of loan payment modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2023 by type of modification:



	Weighted-Average Contractual Interest Rate Reduction		Principal Forgiven (in millions)		Weighted-Average Contractual Life Extension (in years)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Commercial loans:
Real estate, including construction	—	%	$	—	0.4
Business and corporate banking	—		2		2.3



Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages	3.0		—		7.6

Credit cards	—		—		0.5

The effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the allowance for credit losses because of the methodology used to estimate lifetime ECL, which considers historical loss information including losses from modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. As a result, a material change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification. In instances when a loan is modified in the form of principal forgiveness, the amount of principal forgiven is deemed uncollectible and that portion of the loan balance is charged off with a corresponding reduction to the allowance for credit losses.

We closely monitor the performance of modified loans to understand the effectiveness of our loss mitigation efforts. Upon determination that a modified loan or a portion of a modified loan has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan or a portion of the loan is charged off in accordance with our accounting policies with a corresponding reduction to the allowance for credit losses.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, there were no loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty with a payment modification during the previous three months which subsequently became 90 days or greater contractually delinquent.

The following table presents the past due status of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty with a payment modification during the previous three months at March 31, 2023:


	Past Due
	30 - 89 Days		90+ Days		Current(1)			Total
	(in millions)
At March 31, 2023
Commercial loans:
Real estate, including construction	$	—	$	—		$	96		$	96
Business and corporate banking	—		—			61			61


Total commercial	—		—			157			157
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages	—		—			1			1

Credit cards	—		—			1			1

Total consumer	—		—			2			2
Total loans	$	—	$	—		$	159		$	159

(1)Loans less than 30 days past due are presented as current.


HSBC USA Inc.

TDR Loans prior to 2023 Prior to January 1, 2023,TDR Loans represented loans for which the original contractual terms were modified to provide for terms that were less than what we would have been willing to accept for new loans with comparable risk because of deterioration in the borrower's financial condition. For the comparative period prior to the adoption of the new accounting guidance, we have retained the following disclosures as previously reported.

Once a consumer loan iswas classified as a TDR Loan, it ~~continues~~continued to be reported as such until it iswas paid off or charged-off. For commercial loans, if subsequent performance iswas in accordance with the new terms and the loan iswas upgraded, ~~it is possible~~ the loan ~~will~~may have no longer bebeen reported as a TDR Loan at the earliest one year after the restructuring. During the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2022, ~~and 2021,~~ there were no commercial loans that met these criteria and were removed from TDR Loan classification.

The following table summarizes our TDR Loans at ~~June 30, 2022 and~~ December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:

June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
(in millions)
Commercial loans:
Business and corporate banking $ 112 $ 38
Global banking 3 25
Total commercial(1)
115 63
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages(2)(3)
137 125
Home equity mortgages(2)(3)
13 9
Credit cards 2 3
Total consumer 152 137
Total TDR Loans(4)
$ 267 $ 200



	December 31, 2022
	(in millions)
Commercial loans:

Business and corporate banking	$	382
Global banking	6

Total commercial(1)	388
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages(2)	136
Home equity mortgages(2)	12
Credit cards	2

Total consumer	150
Total TDR Loans(3)	$	538

(1)Additional commitments to lend to commercial borrowers whose loans have been modified in TDR Loans totaled ~~$13~~$38 million at ~~both June 30, 2022 and~~ December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

(2)At ~~June 30, 2022 and~~ December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the carrying value of consumer mortgage TDR Loans ~~includes $102~~included $99 million ~~and $104 million, respectively,~~ of loans that ~~are~~were recorded at the lower of amortized cost or fair value of the collateral less cost to sell.

(3)Consumer mortgage TDR Loans at June 30, 2022 include certain loans that were transferred from held for sale to held for investment during the second quarter of 2022, which collectively included $24 million of consumer mortgage TDR Loans at the time of transfer. See Note 8, "Loans Held for Sale," for additional information.

~~(4)~~At ~~June 30, 2022 and~~ December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the carrying value of TDR Loans ~~includes $67~~included $122 million ~~and $115 million, respectively,~~ of loans which ~~are~~were classified as nonaccrual.

The following table presents information about loans which were modified during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and as a result of this action became classified as TDR Loans:



Three Months Ended March 31,	2022
	(in millions)
Commercial loans:

Business and corporate banking	$	2


Total commercial	2
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages	7

Credit cards	2
Total consumer	9
Total	$	11

The weighted-average contractual rate reduction for consumer loans which became classified as TDR Loans during the three months ended March 31, 2022 was 1.09 percent. The weighted-average contractual rate reduction for commercial loans was not significant in either the number of loans or rate.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, there were no consumer or commercial TDR Loans which were classified as TDR Loans during the previous 12 months which subsequently became 60 days or greater contractually delinquent or 90 days or greater contractually delinquent, respectively.


HSBC USA Inc.

~~The following table presents information about loans which were modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 and as a result of this action became classified as TDR Loans:~~

Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2022 2021 2022 2021
(in millions)
Commercial loans:
Business and corporate banking $ 99 $ — $ 101 $ 26
Global banking — — — 15
Total commercial 99 — 101 41
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages 5 16 12 32
Home equity mortgages 2 1 2 1
Credit cards 1 — 3 1
Total consumer 8 17 17 34
Total $ 107 $ 17 $ 118 $ 75

The weighted-average contractual rate reduction for consumer loans which became classified as TDR Loans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was 0.14 percent and 0.24 percent, respectively, compared with 2.09 percent and 2.07 percent during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively. The weighted-average contractual rate reduction for commercial loans was not significant in either the number of loans or rate.

The following table presents consumer loans which were classified as TDR Loans during the previous 12 months which subsequently became 60 days or greater contractually delinquent during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:

Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2022 2021 2022 2021
(in millions)
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages $ — $ — $ — $ 3
Total consumer $ — $ — $ — $ 3

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, there were no commercial TDR Loans which were classified as TDR Loans during the previous 12 months which subsequently became 90 days or greater contractually delinquent.


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

Commercial Loan Credit Quality Indicators and Gross Charge-offs by Year of Origination

The following credit quality indicators are utilized to monitor our commercial loan portfolio:

Criticized loans Criticized loan classifications presented in the table below are determined by the assignment of various criticized facility ~~grades~~risk ratings based on the risk rating standards of our regulator. The following facility ~~grades~~risk ratings are deemed to be criticized:

Special Mention - generally includes loans that are protected by collateral and/or the credit worthiness of the customer, but are potentially weak based upon economic or market circumstances which, if not checked or corrected, could weaken our credit position at some future date.

Substandard - includes loans that are inadequately protected by the underlying collateral and/or general credit worthiness of the customer. These loans present a distinct possibility that we will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful - includes loans that have all the weaknesses exhibited by substandard loans, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full of the recorded loan highly improbable. However, although the possibility of loss is extremely high, certain factors exist which may strengthen the credit at some future date, and therefore the decision to charge-off the loan is deferred. Loans graded as doubtful are required to be placed in nonaccrual status.

The following table summarizes our criticized commercial loans, including a disaggregation of the loans by year of origination as of ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Total at Jun. 30, 2022				2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Total at Mar. 31, 2023
		(in millions)																		(in millions)
Real estate, including construction:	Real estate, including construction:																				Real estate, including construction:
Special mention	Special mention	$	107	$	812	$	59	$	233	$	—	$	229	$	—	$	3	$	1,443		Special mention	$	—	$	96	$	—	$	69	$	234	$	65	$	54	$	3	$	521
Substandard	Substandard	—		—		36		314		768		1,025		20		11		2,174			Substandard	—		1		2		51		66		1,433		19		4		1,576
Doubtful	Doubtful	—		—		—		76		—		11		—		—		87			Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		65		—		—		65
Total real estate, including construction	Total real estate, including construction	107		812		95		623		768		1,265		20		14		3,704			Total real estate, including construction	—		97		2		120		300		1,563		73		7		2,162
Business and corporate banking:	Business and corporate banking:																				Business and corporate banking:
Special mention	Special mention	34		43		64		—		29		142		230		12		554			Special mention	48		1		—		16		1		205		319		—		590
Substandard	Substandard	—		—		9		13		13		157		538		17		747			Substandard	—		20		72		27		1		147		479		1		747
Doubtful	Doubtful	—		—		17		—		15		1		26		—		59			Doubtful	—		—		—		8		—		21		35		—		64
Total business and corporate banking	Total business and corporate banking	34		43		90		13		57		300		794		29		1,360			Total business and corporate banking	48		21		72		51		2		373		833		1		1,401
Global banking:	Global banking:																				Global banking:
Special mention	Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		123		146		—		269			Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		228		—		228
Substandard	Substandard	—		—		224		17		—		3		254		—		498			Substandard	—		226		—		—		16		3		179		—		424
Doubtful	Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		23		—		23			Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		14		—		14
Total global banking	Total global banking	—		—		224		17		—		126		423		—		790			Total global banking	—		226		—		—		16		3		421		—		666
Other commercial:	Other commercial:																				Other commercial:

Substandard	Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		3		9		—		12			Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		1		—		—		1

Doubtful																					Doubtful	—		7		—		—		—		—		—		—		7
Total other commercial	Total other commercial	—		—		—		—		—		3		9		—		12			Total other commercial	—		7		—		—		—		1		—		—		8
Total commercial:	Total commercial:																				Total commercial:
Special mention	Special mention	141		855		123		233		29		494		376		15		2,266			Special mention	48		97		—		85		235		270		601		3		1,339
Substandard	Substandard	—		—		269		344		781		1,188		821		28		3,431			Substandard	—		247		74		78		83		1,584		677		5		2,748
Doubtful	Doubtful	—		—		17		76		15		12		49		—		169			Doubtful	—		7		—		8		—		86		49		—		150
Total commercial	Total commercial	$	141	$	855	$	409	$	653	$	825	$	1,694	$	1,246	$	43	$	5,866		Total commercial	$	48	$	351	$	74	$	171	$	318	$	1,940	$	1,327	$	8	$	4,237

2322


HSBC USA Inc.


		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Total at Dec. 31, 2021			2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Total at Dec. 31, 2022
		(in millions)																			(in millions)
Real estate, including construction:	Real estate, including construction:																			Real estate, including construction:
Special mention	Special mention	$	—	$	—	$	350	$	487	$	90	$	259	$	—	$	—	$	1,186	Special mention	$	204	$	—	$	22	$	212	$	27	$	19	$	63	$	3	$	550
Substandard	Substandard	—		1		272		263		308		461		20		11		1,336		Substandard	1		—		48		64		677		891		19		—		1,700
Doubtful		—		—		80		2		—		53		—		—		135

Total real estate, including construction	Total real estate, including construction	—		1		702		752		398		773		20		11		2,657		Total real estate, including construction	205		—		70		276		704		910		82		3		2,250
Business and corporate banking:	Business and corporate banking:																			Business and corporate banking:
Special mention	Special mention	—		1		91		60		26		274		173		—		625		Special mention	1		—		16		1		34		116		182		—		350
Substandard	Substandard	—		18		36		9		3		226		424		8		724		Substandard	3		43		26		1		10		138		548		1		770
Doubtful	Doubtful	—		—		—		20		—		28		16		—		64		Doubtful	—		—		9		—		15		—		24		4		52
Total business and corporate banking	Total business and corporate banking	—		19		127		89		29		528		613		8		1,413		Total business and corporate banking	4		43		51		2		59		254		754		5		1,172
Global banking:	Global banking:																			Global banking:
Special mention	Special mention	8		—		—		—		—		8		47		—		63		Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		8		182		—		190
Substandard	Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		54		232		—		286		Substandard	232		—		—		16		—		2		186		—		436
Doubtful	Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		31		—		31		Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		15		—		15
Total global banking	Total global banking	8		—		—		—		—		62		310		—		380		Total global banking	232		—		—		16		—		10		383		—		641
Other commercial:	Other commercial:																			Other commercial:
Special mention		—		—		—		—		—		7		—		—		7

Substandard	Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		40		—		40		Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		7		—		7

Doubtful																				Doubtful	31		—		—		—		—		—		7		—		38
Total other commercial	Total other commercial	—		—		—		—		—		7		40		—		47		Total other commercial	31		—		—		—		—		—		14		—		45
Total commercial:	Total commercial:																			Total commercial:
Special mention	Special mention	8		1		441		547		116		548		220		—		1,881		Special mention	205		—		38		213		61		143		427		3		1,090
Substandard	Substandard	—		19		308		272		311		741		716		19		2,386		Substandard	236		43		74		81		687		1,031		760		1		2,913
Doubtful	Doubtful	—		—		80		22		—		81		47		—		230		Doubtful	31		—		9		—		15		—		46		4		105
Total commercial	Total commercial	$	8	$	20	$	829	$	841	$	427	$	1,370	$	983	$	19	$	4,497	Total commercial	$	472	$	43	$	121	$	294	$	763	$	1,174	$	1,233	$	8	$	4,108

2423


HSBC USA Inc.

Nonperforming The following table summarizes the nonperforming status of our commercial loan portfolio, including a disaggregation of the loans by year of origination as of ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Total at Jun. 30, 2022				2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Total at Mar. 31, 2023
		(in millions)																		(in millions)
Real estate, including construction:	Real estate, including construction:																				Real estate, including construction:
Performing loans	Performing loans	$	1,126	$	1,085	$	623	$	2,103	$	1,912	$	1,789	$	44	$	15	$	8,697		Performing loans	$	—	$	1,328	$	992	$	523	$	1,646	$	3,288	$	41	$	3	$	7,821
Nonaccrual loans	Nonaccrual loans	—		—		—		76		2		16		—		—		94			Nonaccrual loans	—		—		—		—		42		67		—		—		109

Total real estate, including construction	Total real estate, including construction	1,126		1,085		623		2,179		1,914		1,805		44		15		8,791			Total real estate, including construction	—		1,328		992		523		1,688		3,355		41		3		7,930
Business and corporate banking:	Business and corporate banking:																				Business and corporate banking:
Performing loans	Performing loans	484		1,270		557		657		214		4,742		7,810		251		15,985			Performing loans	354		1,050		871		350		717		5,168		7,646		243		16,399
Nonaccrual loans	Nonaccrual loans	—		—		17		—		19		47		39		—		122			Nonaccrual loans	—		17		—		14		—		45		19		—		95
Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more	Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more	—		—		—		—		—		—		1		—		1			Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more	—		—		—		—		—		—		1		—		1
Total business and corporate banking	Total business and corporate banking	484		1,270		574		657		233		4,789		7,850		251		16,108			Total business and corporate banking	354		1,067		871		364		717		5,213		7,666		243		16,495
Global banking:	Global banking:																				Global banking:
Performing loans	Performing loans	2,390		553		566		178		114		4,526		4,544		—		12,871			Performing loans	519		1,734		506		170		224		4,205		3,098		—		10,456
Nonaccrual loans	Nonaccrual loans	—		—		—		—		—		35		57		—		92			Nonaccrual loans	—		8		—		—		—		28		18		—		54

Total global banking	Total global banking	2,390		553		566		178		114		4,561		4,601		—		12,963			Total global banking	519		1,742		506		170		224		4,233		3,116		—		10,510
Other commercial:	Other commercial:																				Other commercial:
Performing loans	Performing loans	68		158		597		415		178		1,047		4,370		—		6,833			Performing loans	12		289		322		606		419		1,335		3,864		—		6,847

Nonaccrual loans																					Nonaccrual loans	—		—		—		—		—		1		—		—		1

Total other commercial	Total other commercial	68		158		597		415		178		1,047		4,370		—		6,833			Total other commercial	12		289		322		606		419		1,336		3,864		—		6,848
Total commercial:	Total commercial:																				Total commercial:
Performing loans	Performing loans	4,068		3,066		2,343		3,353		2,418		12,104		16,768		266		44,386			Performing loans	885		4,401		2,691		1,649		3,006		13,996		14,649		246		41,523
Nonaccrual loans	Nonaccrual loans	—		—		17		76		21		98		96		—		308			Nonaccrual loans	—		25		—		14		42		141		37		—		259
Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more	Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more	—		—		—		—		—		—		1		—		1			Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more	—		—		—		—		—		—		1		—		1
Total commercial	Total commercial	$	4,068	$	3,066	$	2,360	$	3,429	$	2,439	$	12,202	$	16,865	$	266	$	44,695		Total commercial	$	885	$	4,426	$	2,691	$	1,663	$	3,048	$	14,137	$	14,687	$	246	$	41,783

2524


HSBC USA Inc.


		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Total at Dec. 31, 2021			2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Total at Dec. 31, 2022
		(in millions)																			(in millions)
Real estate, including construction:	Real estate, including construction:																			Real estate, including construction:
Performing loans	Performing loans	$	969	$	651	$	2,436	$	2,076	$	593	$	1,307	$	46	$	16	$	8,094	Performing loans	$	1,315	$	854	$	520	$	1,671	$	1,803	$	1,710	$	42	$	3	$	7,918
Nonaccrual loans	Nonaccrual loans	—		2		80		40		—		18		—		—		140		Nonaccrual loans	—		—		—		43		—		2		—		—		45

Total real estate, including construction	Total real estate, including construction	969		653		2,516		2,116		593		1,325		46		16		8,234		Total real estate, including construction	1,315		854		520		1,714		1,803		1,712		42		3		7,963
Business and corporate banking:	Business and corporate banking:																			Business and corporate banking:
Performing loans	Performing loans	1,630		709		594		190		187		4,756		5,540		217		13,823		Performing loans	1,107		828		443		815		292		4,995		7,275		203		15,958
Nonaccrual loans	Nonaccrual loans	—		4		14		30		51		1		34		—		134		Nonaccrual loans	9		—		32		—		16		24		31		4		116
Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more	Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more	—		—		—		—		—		—		1		—		1		Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more	—		—		—		—		—		—		1		—		1
Total business and corporate banking	Total business and corporate banking	1,630		713		608		220		238		4,757		5,575		217		13,958		Total business and corporate banking	1,116		828		475		815		308		5,019		7,307		207		16,075
Global banking:	Global banking:																			Global banking:
Performing loans	Performing loans	547		540		203		80		243		4,580		4,811		—		11,004		Performing loans	2,026		449		212		177		114		4,122		3,424		—		10,524
Nonaccrual loans	Nonaccrual loans	—		—		—		—		—		40		65		—		105		Nonaccrual loans	8		—		—		—		—		30		16		—		54

Total global banking	Total global banking	547		540		203		80		243		4,620		4,876		—		11,109		Total global banking	2,034		449		212		177		114		4,152		3,440		—		10,578
Other commercial:	Other commercial:																			Other commercial:
Performing loans	Performing loans	589		552		451		174		110		1,045		3,574		—		6,495		Performing loans	283		354		607		403		86		1,114		4,354		—		7,201

Total other commercial	Total other commercial	589		552		451		174		110		1,045		3,574		—		6,495		Total other commercial	283		354		607		403		86		1,114		4,354		—		7,201
Total commercial:	Total commercial:																			Total commercial:
Performing loans	Performing loans	3,735		2,452		3,684		2,520		1,133		11,688		13,971		233		39,416		Performing loans	4,731		2,485		1,782		3,066		2,295		11,941		15,095		206		41,601
Nonaccrual loans	Nonaccrual loans	—		6		94		70		51		59		99		—		379		Nonaccrual loans	17		—		32		43		16		56		47		4		215
Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more	Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more	—		—		—		—		—		—		1		—		1		Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more	—		—		—		—		—		—		1		—		1
Total commercial	Total commercial	$	3,735	$	2,458	$	3,778	$	2,590	$	1,184	$	11,747	$	14,071	$	233	$	39,796	Total commercial	$	4,748	$	2,485	$	1,814	$	3,109	$	2,311	$	11,997	$	15,143	$	210	$	41,817

2625


HSBC USA Inc.

Credit risk profile Commercial loans are assigned a credit rating based on the estimated probability of default. Investment grade includes loans with credit ratings of at least BBB- or above or the equivalent based on our internal credit rating system. The following table summarizes the credit risk profile of our commercial loan portfolio, including a disaggregation of the loans by year of origination as of ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Total at Jun. 30, 2022				2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Total at Mar. 31, 2023
		(in millions)																		(in millions)
Real estate, including construction:	Real estate, including construction:																				Real estate, including construction:
Investment grade	Investment grade	$	73	$	45	$	310	$	496	$	719	$	343	$	12	$	—	$	1,998		Investment grade	$	—	$	82	$	26	$	234	$	182	$	1,107	$	—	$	—	$	1,631
Non-investment grade	Non-investment grade	1,053		1,040		313		1,683		1,195		1,462		32		15		6,793			Non-investment grade	—		1,246		966		289		1,506		2,248		41		3		6,299
Total real estate, including construction	Total real estate, including construction	1,126		1,085		623		2,179		1,914		1,805		44		15		8,791			Total real estate, including construction	—		1,328		992		523		1,688		3,355		41		3		7,930
Business and corporate banking:	Business and corporate banking:																				Business and corporate banking:
Investment grade	Investment grade	263		724		302		352		37		2,391		3,849		54		7,972			Investment grade	306		358		472		68		403		2,754		3,649		25		8,035
Non-investment grade	Non-investment grade	221		546		272		305		196		2,398		4,001		197		8,136			Non-investment grade	48		709		399		296		314		2,459		4,017		218		8,460
Total business and corporate banking	Total business and corporate banking	484		1,270		574		657		233		4,789		7,850		251		16,108			Total business and corporate banking	354		1,067		871		364		717		5,213		7,666		243		16,495
Global banking:	Global banking:																				Global banking:
Investment grade	Investment grade	2,165		547		340		150		85		3,455		3,968		—		10,710			Investment grade	404		1,564		500		170		194		3,224		2,610		—		8,666
Non-investment grade	Non-investment grade	225		6		226		28		29		1,106		633		—		2,253			Non-investment grade	115		178		6		—		30		1,009		506		—		1,844
Total global banking	Total global banking	2,390		553		566		178		114		4,561		4,601		—		12,963			Total global banking	519		1,742		506		170		224		4,233		3,116		—		10,510
Other commercial:	Other commercial:																				Other commercial:
Investment grade	Investment grade	60		105		498		115		172		861		4,210		—		6,021			Investment grade	12		268		78		520		76		1,133		3,689		—		5,776
Non-investment grade	Non-investment grade	8		53		99		300		6		186		160		—		812			Non-investment grade	—		21		244		86		343		203		175		—		1,072
Total other commercial	Total other commercial	68		158		597		415		178		1,047		4,370		—		6,833			Total other commercial	12		289		322		606		419		1,336		3,864		—		6,848
Total commercial:	Total commercial:																				Total commercial:
Investment grade	Investment grade	2,561		1,421		1,450		1,113		1,013		7,050		12,039		54		26,701			Investment grade	722		2,272		1,076		992		855		8,218		9,948		25		24,108
Non-investment grade	Non-investment grade	1,507		1,645		910		2,316		1,426		5,152		4,826		212		17,994			Non-investment grade	163		2,154		1,615		671		2,193		5,919		4,739		221		17,675
Total commercial	Total commercial	$	4,068	$	3,066	$	2,360	$	3,429	$	2,439	$	12,202	$	16,865	$	266	$	44,695		Total commercial	$	885	$	4,426	$	2,691	$	1,663	$	3,048	$	14,137	$	14,687	$	246	$	41,783


		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Total at Dec. 31, 2021			2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Total at Dec. 31, 2022
		(in millions)																			(in millions)
Real estate, including construction:	Real estate, including construction:																			Real estate, including construction:
Investment grade	Investment grade	$	1	$	361	$	491	$	772	$	57	$	248	$	12	$	—	$	1,942	Investment grade	$	80	$	45	$	305	$	178	$	783	$	278	$	—	$	—	$	1,669
Non-investment grade	Non-investment grade	968		292		2,025		1,344		536		1,077		34		16		6,292		Non-investment grade	1,235		809		215		1,536		1,020		1,434		42		3		6,294
Total real estate, including construction	Total real estate, including construction	969		653		2,516		2,116		593		1,325		46		16		8,234		Total real estate, including construction	1,315		854		520		1,714		1,803		1,712		42		3		7,963
Business and corporate banking:	Business and corporate banking:																			Business and corporate banking:
Investment grade	Investment grade	881		254		240		52		43		2,122		2,498		55		6,145		Investment grade	491		484		122		444		71		2,758		3,657		21		8,048
Non-investment grade	Non-investment grade	749		459		368		168		195		2,635		3,077		162		7,813		Non-investment grade	625		344		353		371		237		2,261		3,650		186		8,027
Total business and corporate banking	Total business and corporate banking	1,630		713		608		220		238		4,757		5,575		217		13,958		Total business and corporate banking	1,116		828		475		815		308		5,019		7,307		207		16,075
Global banking:	Global banking:																			Global banking:
Investment grade	Investment grade	530		539		189		64		235		3,910		4,240		—		9,707		Investment grade	1,814		449		212		146		84		2,911		3,006		—		8,622
Non-investment grade	Non-investment grade	17		1		14		16		8		710		636		—		1,402		Non-investment grade	220		—		—		31		30		1,241		434		—		1,956
Total global banking	Total global banking	547		540		203		80		243		4,620		4,876		—		11,109		Total global banking	2,034		449		212		177		114		4,152		3,440		—		10,578
Other commercial:	Other commercial:																			Other commercial:
Investment grade	Investment grade	120		442		153		174		69		943		3,527		—		5,428		Investment grade	267		77		518		81		74		935		4,110		—		6,062
Non-investment grade	Non-investment grade	469		110		298		—		41		102		47		—		1,067		Non-investment grade	16		277		89		322		12		179		244		—		1,139
Total other commercial	Total other commercial	589		552		451		174		110		1,045		3,574		—		6,495		Total other commercial	283		354		607		403		86		1,114		4,354		—		7,201
Total commercial:	Total commercial:																			Total commercial:
Investment grade	Investment grade	1,532		1,596		1,073		1,062		404		7,223		10,277		55		23,222		Investment grade	2,652		1,055		1,157		849		1,012		6,882		10,773		21		24,401
Non-investment grade	Non-investment grade	2,203		862		2,705		1,528		780		4,524		3,794		178		16,574		Non-investment grade	2,096		1,430		657		2,260		1,299		5,115		4,370		189		17,416
Total commercial	Total commercial	$	3,735	$	2,458	$	3,778	$	2,590	$	1,184	$	11,747	$	14,071	$	233	$	39,796	Total commercial	$	4,748	$	2,485	$	1,814	$	3,109	$	2,311	$	11,997	$	15,143	$	210	$	41,817

2726


HSBC USA Inc.

Gross Charge-offs The following table summarizes gross charge-off dollars in our commercial loan portfolio, disaggregated by year of origination, during the three months ended March 31, 2023:


	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Total
	(in millions)

Business and corporate banking	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2	$	3	$	—	$	5


Total commercial	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2	$	3	$	—	$	5

Consumer Loan Credit Quality Indicators and Gross Charge-offs by Year of Origination

The following credit quality indicators are utilized to monitor our consumer loan portfolio:

Delinquency The following table summarizes dollars of two-months-and-over contractual delinquency for our consumer loan portfolio, including a disaggregation of the loans by year of origination as of ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Revolving Loans			Total at Jun. 30, 2022			2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans		Total at Mar. 31, 2023
		(in millions)														(in millions)
Residential mortgages(1)(2)	Residential mortgages(1)(2)	$	—	$	1	$	3	$	9	$	3	$	94	$	—		$	110	Residential mortgages(1)(2)	$	—	$	13	$	4	$	8	$	8	$	105	$	—	$	138
Home equity mortgages(1)(2)	Home equity mortgages(1)(2)	—		—		—		—		—		3		—			3		Home equity mortgages(1)(2)	—		5		—		—		—		3		—		8
Credit cards	Credit cards	—		—		—		—		—		—		2			2		Credit cards	—		—		—		—		—		—		4		4

Other consumer																			Other consumer	—		—		—		—		—		1		1		2
Total consumer	Total consumer	$	—	$	1	$	3	$	9	$	3	$	97	$	2		$	115	Total consumer	$	—	$	18	$	4	$	8	$	8	$	109	$	5	$	152


		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Revolving Loans			Total at Dec. 31, 2021			2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Revolving Loans		Total at Dec. 31, 2022
		(in millions)														(in millions)
Residential mortgages(1)(2)	Residential mortgages(1)(2)	$	5	$	2	$	11	$	13	$	8	$	64	$	—		$	103	Residential mortgages(1)(2)	$	6	$	4	$	8	$	16	$	10	$	97	$	—	$	141
Home equity mortgages(1)(2)	Home equity mortgages(1)(2)	—		—		—		—		—		1		—			1		Home equity mortgages(1)(2)	—		—		—		—		—		3		—		3
Credit cards	Credit cards	—		—		—		—		—		—		3			3		Credit cards	—		—		—		—		—		—		3		3

Other consumer																			Other consumer	—		—		—		—		—		2		1		3
Total consumer	Total consumer	$	5	$	2	$	11	$	13	$	8	$	65	$	3		$	107	Total consumer	$	6	$	4	$	8	$	16	$	10	$	102	$	4	$	150

(1)At ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, consumer mortgage loan delinquency includes ~~$46~~$63 million and ~~$24~~$60 million, respectively, of loans that are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value of the collateral less cost to sell.

(2)At ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, consumer mortgage loans include ~~$10~~$27 million and ~~$87~~$21 million, respectively, of loans that were in the process of foreclosure.


HSBC USA Inc.

Nonperforming The following table summarizes the nonperforming status of our consumer loan portfolio, including a disaggregation of the loans by year of origination as of ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Revolving Loans			Total at Jun. 30, 2022			2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans		Total at Mar. 31, 2023
		(in millions)														(in millions)
Residential mortgages:	Residential mortgages:																		Residential mortgages:
Performing loans	Performing loans	$	1,883	$	4,372	$	3,050	$	1,348	$	772	$	4,852	$	—		$	16,277	Performing loans	$	433	$	2,825	$	4,232	$	2,897	$	1,284	$	5,098	$	—	$	16,769
Nonaccrual loans	Nonaccrual loans	—		4		9		17		15		153		—			198		Nonaccrual loans	—		10		12		15		16		166		—		219

Total residential mortgages	Total residential mortgages	1,883		4,376		3,059		1,365		787		5,005		—			16,475		Total residential mortgages	433		2,835		4,244		2,912		1,300		5,264		—		16,988
Home equity mortgages:	Home equity mortgages:																		Home equity mortgages:
Performing loans	Performing loans	19		16		34		32		18		223		—			342		Performing loans	16		64		12		23		28		208		—		351
Nonaccrual loans	Nonaccrual loans	—		—		—		—		—		9		—			9		Nonaccrual loans	—		5		—		—		—		6		—		11

Total home equity mortgages	Total home equity mortgages	19		16		34		32		18		232		—			351		Total home equity mortgages	16		69		12		23		28		214		—		362
Credit cards:	Credit cards:																		Credit cards:
Performing loans	Performing loans	—		—		—		—		—		—		203			203		Performing loans	—		—		—		—		—		—		195		195

Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more	Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more	—		—		—		—		—		—		1			1		Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more	—		—		—		—		—		—		3		3
Total credit cards	Total credit cards	—		—		—		—		—		—		204			204		Total credit cards	—		—		—		—		—		—		198		198
Other consumer:	Other consumer:																		Other consumer:
Performing loans	Performing loans	5		6		7		5		2		44		4			73		Performing loans	5		13		7		7		4		85		10		131

Total other consumer	Total other consumer	5		6		7		5		2		44		4			73		Total other consumer	5		13		7		7		4		85		10		131
Total consumer:	Total consumer:																		Total consumer:
Performing loans	Performing loans	1,907		4,394		3,091		1,385		792		5,119		207			16,895		Performing loans	454		2,902		4,251		2,927		1,316		5,391		205		17,446
Nonaccrual loans	Nonaccrual loans	—		4		9		17		15		162		—			207		Nonaccrual loans	—		15		12		15		16		172		—		230
Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more	Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more	—		—		—		—		—		—		1			1		Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more	—		—		—		—		—		—		3		3
Total consumer	Total consumer	$	1,907	$	4,398	$	3,100	$	1,402	$	807	$	5,281	$	208		$	17,103	Total consumer	$	454	$	2,917	$	4,263	$	2,942	$	1,332	$	5,563	$	208	$	17,679


	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Revolving Loans		Total at Dec. 31, 2022
	(in millions)
Residential mortgages:
Performing loans	$	2,885	$	4,272	$	2,936	$	1,300	$	729	$	4,503	$	—	$	16,625
Nonaccrual loans	2		8		13		23		22		145		—		213

Total residential mortgages	2,887		4,280		2,949		1,323		751		4,648		—		16,838
Home equity mortgages:
Performing loans	74		12		24		32		13		208		—		363
Nonaccrual loans	—		—		—		—		—		7		—		7

Total home equity mortgages	74		12		24		32		13		215		—		370
Credit cards:
Performing loans	—		—		—		—		—		—		211		211

Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more	—		—		—		—		—		—		2		2
Total credit cards	—		—		—		—		—		—		213		213
Other consumer:
Performing loans	14		10		9		6		—		91		11		141

Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more	—		—		—		—		—		—		1		1
Total other consumer	14		10		9		6		—		91		12		142
Total consumer:
Performing loans	2,973		4,294		2,969		1,338		742		4,802		222		17,340
Nonaccrual loans	2		8		13		23		22		152		—		220
Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more	—		—		—		—		—		—		3		3
Total consumer	$	2,975	$	4,302	$	2,982	$	1,361	$	764	$	4,954	$	225	$	17,563


HSBC USA Inc.

2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Revolving
Loans Total at Dec. 31, 2021
(in millions)
Residential mortgages:
Performing loans $ 4,496 $ 3,296 $ 1,481 $ 851 $ 955 $ 4,161 $ — $ 15,240
Nonaccrual loans 2 9 15 21 14 168 — 229
Total residential mortgages 4,498 3,305 1,496 872 969 4,329 — 15,469
Home equity mortgages:
Performing loans 15 30 30 18 17 206 — 316
Nonaccrual loans — — — — — 9 — 9
Total home equity mortgages 15 30 30 18 17 215 — 325
Credit cards:
Performing loans — — — — — — 202 202
Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more — — — — — — 2 2
Total credit cards — — — — — — 204 204
Other consumer:
Performing loans 8 8 5 1 1 45 2 70
Total other consumer 8 8 5 1 1 45 2 70
Total consumer:
Performing loans 4,519 3,334 1,516 870 973 4,412 204 15,828
Nonaccrual loans 2 9 15 21 14 177 — 238
Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more — — — — — — 2 2
Total consumer $ 4,521 $ 3,343 $ 1,531 $ 891 $ 987 $ 4,589 $ 206 $ 16,068

~~Troubled debt restructurings~~Gross Charge-offs The following table summarizes ~~TDR Loans~~gross charge-off dollars in our consumer loan portfolio, ~~including a disaggregation of the loans~~disaggregated by year of origination, ~~as of June 30, 2022 and December~~during the three months ended March 31, ~~2021:~~2023:

2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving
Loans Total at Jun. 30, 2022
(in millions)
Residential mortgages $ — $ — $ 1 $ 8 $ 3 $ 125 $ — $ 137
Home equity mortgages — — — — — 13 — 13
Credit cards — — — — — — 2 2
Total consumer $ — $ — $ 1 $ 8 $ 3 $ 138 $ 2 $ 152


		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Revolving Loans			Total at Dec. 31, 2021			2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans		Total
		(in millions)														(in millions)
Residential mortgages	Residential mortgages	$	—	$	1	$	3	$	3	$	—	$	118	$	—		$	125	Residential mortgages	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3	$	—	$	3
Home equity mortgages	Home equity mortgages	—		—		—		—		—		9		—			9		Home equity mortgages	—		—		—		—		—		1		—		1
Credit cards	Credit cards	—		—		—		—		—		—		3			3		Credit cards	—		—		—		—		—		—		2		2

Total consumer	Total consumer	$	—	$	1	$	3	$	3	$	—	$	127	$	3		$	137	Total consumer	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	4	$	2	$	6

Concentration of Credit Risk At ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, our loan portfolios included interest-only residential mortgage and home equity mortgage loans totaling ~~$3,992~~$4,101 million and ~~$3,739~~$4,063 million, respectively. An interest-only residential mortgage loan allows a customer to pay the interest-only portion of the monthly payment for a period of time which results in lower payments during the initial loan period. However, subsequent events affecting a customer's financial position could affect the ability of customers to repay the loan in the future when the principal payments are required which increases the credit risk of this loan type.


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

7. Allowance for Credit Losses

We utilize a minimum of 4four forward-looking economic scenarios to calculate lifetime ECL when estimating the allowance for credit losses for in scope financial assets and the liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures. Three of the scenarios are termed the "Consensus Economic Scenarios" ~~and represent~~which include a 'most likely outcome' (the "Central scenario") and two less likely 'outer' scenarios, referred to as the "Upside scenario" and the "Downside ~~scenario".~~scenario." The fourth scenario, referred to as the "Alternative Downside ~~scenario",~~scenario," is designed to consider severe downside risks with more extreme economic ~~outcomes than those captured by the Consensus Economic Scenarios.~~outcomes. Each scenario is assigned a weighting deemed appropriate for the estimation of lifetime ECL, with the majority of the weighting typically placed on the Central scenario. At management's discretion, changes may be made to the weighting assigned to the four scenarios or additional scenarios may be included in order to consider current economic conditions.

Updates to Economic Scenarios and Other Changes During the ~~Six~~Three Months Ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 During the first quarter of ~~2022, in addition to the continued economic uncertainty caused by the coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic, the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war created further uncertainty~~2023, uncertainties about the future economic ~~environment. As a result, in addition to updating~~environment remained elevated, especially around inflation, interest rates and slowing economic growth. We updated our ~~three~~ Consensus Economic Scenarios and our Alternative Downside scenario, we developed and utilized a fifth scenario for estimating lifetime ECL at March 31, 2022, referred to as the "Alternative Downside 2 scenario" to reflect the possibility that the Russia-Ukraine war could last for a prolonged period. Each of the 5 scenarios were assigned weightings with the majority of the weighting placed on the Central scenario, the second most weighting placed on the Alternative Downside 2 scenario, lower equal weights placed on the Downside and Alternative Downside scenarios, and the lowest weighting placed on the Upside scenario. This weighting was deemed appropriate for the estimation of lifetime ECL at that time.

During the second quarter of 2022, the impacts of the Russia-Ukraine war and the COVID-19 pandemic on general economic conditions, especially inflation, energy prices and interest rates, continued to create uncertainty about the future economic environment. As a result, we updated our economic scenariosScenario to reflect management's current view of forecasted economic conditions and utilized the ~~five~~four updated scenarios for estimating lifetime ECL at ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. Each of the 5four scenarios were assigned weightings with the majority of the weighting placed on the Central scenario, the second most weighting placed on the Downside scenario and lower equal weights placed on the Alternative Downside and ~~Alternative Downside 2 scenarios, and the lowest weighting placed on the~~ Upside ~~scenario.~~scenarios. This weighting was deemed appropriate for the estimation of lifetime ECL under current conditions. The following discussion summarizes the Central, Upside, Downside ~~Alternative Downside~~ and Alternative Downside 2 scenarios at ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. The economic assumptions described in this section have been formed specifically for the purpose of calculating ECL.

In the Central scenario, U.S. Gross Domestic Product ("GDP") ~~grows modestly~~growth slows in ~~2022,~~2023, under the assumption that prevailing economic ~~activities remain stable while impacts from newly emerging~~ risks, including those from high inflation ~~subside under appropriate monetary policy actions.~~and interest rates, impact consumer spending. With modest economic growth, the unemployment rate upticks, but remains ~~low,~~near historic lows, while slowing demand for housing, combined with ~~limited supply, continues to drive~~higher interest rates, cause residential ~~housing prices forward,~~ and commercial real estate prices ~~also continue~~ to ~~appreciate.~~retreat. In the financial markets, growth in financial asset prices remains ~~moderate,~~modest, the Federal Reserve Board ("FRB") continues to tackle inflation by raising its policy rate, and the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield remains elevated.

In the Upside scenario, the economy is assumed to grow at a faster pace than in the Central ~~scenario.~~scenario as inflation wanes. As a result, the unemployment rate falls ~~faster~~lower than in the Central scenario and both ~~commercial~~residential and ~~residential~~commercial real estate prices ~~grow at faster rates~~decelerate more modestly than in the Central scenario. In this scenario, the equity price index climbs with strong momentum and overall optimism fueled by easing inflation allows the FRB to ~~raise~~normalize its policy rate slightly faster than currently anticipated, which, ~~consequently drives~~combined with lower inflation expectations, drive the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield ~~to a level that is higher than in the Central scenario.~~lower.

In the Downside scenario, inflation becomes entrenched and the economy enters into a recession, with the unemployment rate reversing its downward trend and remaining at a higher ~~level. The~~level, while residential ~~housing market slowly loses its momentum~~and commercial real estate prices undergo sharp correction due to weakness in the labor market and ~~the commercial real estate market suffers a heavier deceleration than the residential housing market.~~rising inflation. In this scenario, the FRB initially tightens aggressively to tackle inflation and the equity price index goes through a ~~moderate price~~substantial correction bythrough the ~~middle~~end of 2023 driven by an overall erosion of consumer and business sentiments, which ~~also~~eventually results in a lower ~~10-year U.S. Treasury yield~~interest rates than in the Central ~~scenario, and the federal funds rate remains at the lowest level for the next two years.~~scenario.

In the Alternative Downside scenario, the Russia-Ukraine war ~~becomes a protracted conflict~~worsens significantly and persistent inflationary pressures accompanied by higher interest rates lead the U.S. economy into a deep recession in ~~late 2022,~~early 2023, followed by a very anemic


HSBC USA Inc.

recovery starting in ~~early~~late 2024. An extended period of economic contraction keeps the unemployment rate at an elevated level, which pressures residential housing prices to depreciate substantially, while at the same time, contracting corporate activities and rising unemployment pushes the commercial real estate market into a downturn. In this scenario, financial markets experience a major sell-off and volatility in the financial markets remains extremely high over the next year, widening corporate credit spreads substantially, and flight to safe haven assets pushes the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield lower.


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

~~In the Alternative Downside 2 scenario~~, the FRB is unable to tame inflation using appropriate monetary policy actions and high inflationary pressures lead to a period of economic stagnation. In this scenario, the Russia-Ukraine war intensifies, putting upward pressure on inflation. The FRB aims to tackle inflation and embarks on a more aggressive rate hiking cycle, which eventually proves futile and exacerbates the economic situation. Unemployment reverses its downward trend and starts to accelerate in early 2024 while corrections in risky asset prices lead to a flight to quality in global asset markets.

The following table presents the forecasted key macroeconomic variables in our Central scenarios used for estimating lifetime ECL at ~~June 30, 2022,~~ March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:

For the Quarter Ended
December 31, 2022 June 30, 2023 December 31, 2023
Unemployment rate (quarterly average):
Forecast at June 30, 2022 3.5 % 3.5 % 3.5 %
Forecast at March 31, 2022 3.6 3.5 3.6
Forecast at December 31, 2021 4.0 3.8 3.7
GDP growth rate (year-over-year):
Forecast at June 30, 2022 1.5 1.8 2.0
Forecast at March 31, 2022 2.8 2.6 2.4
Forecast at December 31, 2021 2.8 2.3 2.5


	For the Quarter Ended
	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2023		June 30, 2024		December 31, 2024
Unemployment rate (quarterly average):
Forecast at March 31, 2023	4.0	%	4.3	%	4.6	%	4.5	%

Forecast at December 31, 2022	4.2		4.5		4.5		4.4
GDP growth rate (year-over-year):
Forecast at March 31, 2023	1.2		0.0		1.0		1.7

Forecast at December 31, 2022	0.4		0.3		1.4		1.9

In addition to the updates to the economic scenarios, we increased the management judgment allowance on our commercial loan portfolio for risk factors associated with large loan exposures and higher risk industry exposures ~~supply chain disruptions and energy price uncertainty~~ that are not fully captured in the models. We also increased the management judgment allowance on our consumer loan portfolio for risk factors primarily associated with ~~economic uncertainty, including inflation,~~a change in New York State foreclosure law that are not fully captured in the models.

While we believe that the assumptions used in our credit loss models are reasonable within the parameters for which the models have been built and calibrated to operate, ~~the severe projections of macro-economic variables during the COVID-19 pandemic~~high inflation and ~~subsequent recovery represent events~~rising interest rates have resulted in a macroeconomic environment that is outside the parameters for which the models have been built. As a result, adjustments to model outputs to reflect consideration of management judgment are used with stringent governance in place to ensure an appropriate lifetime ECL estimate.

The impacts of ~~higher~~high inflation, rising ~~energy prices and increasing~~ interest rates ~~as well as the continuing impacts of the Russia-Ukraine war~~ and ~~the COVID-19 pandemic on~~slowing economic ~~conditions~~growth will continue to ~~evolve and~~ impact our business and our allowance for credit losses in future periods, the extent of which remains uncertain. We will continue to monitor these situations closely and will continue to adapt our approach as necessary to reflect management's current view of forecasted economic conditions.

Allowance for Credit Losses / Liability for Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures The following table summarizes our allowance for credit losses and the liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures:


		June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(in millions)					(in millions)
Allowance for credit losses:	Allowance for credit losses:					Allowance for credit losses:
Loans	Loans	$	534	$	447	Loans	$	588	$	584
Securities held-to-maturity(1)	Securities held-to-maturity(1)	—		1		Securities held-to-maturity(1)	—		—
Other financial assets measured at amortized cost(2)	Other financial assets measured at amortized cost(2)	1		1		Other financial assets measured at amortized cost(2)	—		—
Securities available-for-sale(1)	Securities available-for-sale(1)	2		1		Securities available-for-sale(1)	—		—
Total allowance for credit losses	Total allowance for credit losses	$	537	$	450	Total allowance for credit losses	$	588	$	584

Liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures	Liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures	$	89	$	103	Liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures	$	125	$	117

(1)See Note 5, "Securities," for additional information regarding the allowance for credit losses associated with our security portfolios.

(2)Primarily includes accrued interest receivables and customer acceptances.

3130


HSBC USA Inc.

The following table summarizes the changes in the allowance for credit losses on loans by product or line of business during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:

Commercial Loans Consumer Loans
Real Estate, including Construction Business
and Corporate Banking Global
Banking Other
Comm'l Residential
Mortgages Home
Equity
Mortgages Credit
Cards Other
Consumer Total Loans
(in millions)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
Allowance for credit losses – beginning of period $ 122 $ 197 $ 120 $ 2 $ 5 $ 6 $ 15 $ — $ 467
Provision charged (credited) to income 40 22 (2) (1) (1) 1 5 (1) 63
Charge-offs — (1) — — — — — — (1)
Recoveries — — — — 2 — 2 1 5
Net (charge-offs) recoveries — (1) — — 2 — 2 1 4
Allowance for credit losses – end of period $ 162 $ 218 $ 118 $ 1 $ 6 $ 7 $ 22 $ — $ 534
Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
Allowance for credit losses – beginning of period $ 120 $ 321 $ 222 $ 7 $ (9) $ 21 $ 144 $ 27 $ 853
Provision charged (credited) to income(1)
(3) (24) (79) (1) 8 (5) (76) (21) (201)
Charge-offs(1)
— (14) (12) — (9) (2) (70) (7) (114)
Recoveries — 1 — — 4 1 2 1 9
Net (charge-offs) recoveries — (13) (12) — (5) (1) (68) (6) (105)
Allowance for credit losses – end of period $ 117 $ 284 $ 131 $ 6 $ (6) $ 15 $ — $ — $ 547
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Allowance for credit losses – beginning of period $ 73 $ 243 $ 100 $ 4 $ 8 $ 5 $ 14 $ — $ 447
Provision charged (credited) to income 89 (18) 27 (3) (5) 1 4 (1) 94
Charge-offs — (9) (9) — (1) (1) — — (20)
Recoveries — 2 — — 4 2 4 1 13
Net (charge-offs) recoveries — (7) (9) — 3 1 4 1 (7)
Allowance for credit losses – end of period $ 162 $ 218 $ 118 $ 1 $ 6 $ 7 $ 22 $ — $ 534
Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Allowance for credit losses – beginning of period $ 145 $ 375 $ 287 $ 7 $ (9) $ 22 $ 161 $ 27 $ 1,015
Provision charged (credited) to income(1)
(28) (77) (144) (1) 6 (8) (77) (17) (346)
Charge-offs(1)
— (16) (12) — (10) (2) (88) (11) (139)
Recoveries — 2 — — 7 3 4 1 17
Net (charge-offs) recoveries — (14) (12) — (3) 1 (84) (10) (122)
Allowance for credit losses – end of period $ 117 $ 284 $ 131 $ 6 $ (6) $ 15 $ — $ — $ 547

~~(1)~~For loans that are transferred to held for sale, the existing allowance for credit losses at the time of transfer is recognized as a charge-off to the extent fair value is less than amortized cost and attributable to credit. Any remaining allowance for credit losses is released to the provision for credit losses.

During the second quarter of 2021, we made the decision to exit our mass market retail banking business which resulted in the transfer of certain loans to held for sale. As a result of transferring these loans to held for sale, we recognized $56 million of the existing allowance for credit losses on consumer loans as charge-offs, primarily related to non-performing credit cards, and released $100 million of the existing allowance for credit losses on consumer loans as reductions to the provision for credit losses, primarily related to credit cards. The existing commercial allowance for credit losses on the retail business banking loan portfolio transferred to held for sale was not material. See Note 3, "Branch Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale."


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~


	Commercial Loans								Consumer Loans
	Real Estate, including Construction		Business and Corporate Banking		Global Banking		Other Comm'l		Residential Mortgages		Home Equity Mortgages		Credit Cards		Other Consumer		Total Loans
	(in millions)


















Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Allowance for credit losses – beginning of period	$	200	$	230	$	120	$	1	$	11	$	2	$	16	$	4	$	584


Provision charged (credited) to income	(28)		38		12		—		(10)		1		—		(1)		12
Charge-offs	—		(5)		—		—		(3)		(1)		(2)		—		(11)
Recoveries	—		1		—		—		—		1		1		—		3
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	—		(4)		—		—		(3)		—		(1)		—		(8)

Allowance for credit losses – end of period	$	172	$	264	$	132	$	1	$	(2)	$	3	$	15	$	3	$	588

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Allowance for credit losses – beginning of period	$	73	$	243	$	100	$	4	$	8	$	5	$	14	$	—	$	447


Provision charged (credited) to income	49		(40)		29		(2)		(4)		—		(1)		—		31
Charge-offs	—		(8)		(9)		—		(1)		(1)		—		—		(19)
Recoveries	—		2		—		—		2		2		2		—		8
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	—		(6)		(9)		—		1		1		2		—		(11)

Allowance for credit losses – end of period	$	122	$	197	$	120	$	2	$	5	$	6	$	15	$	—	$	467

The following table summarizes the changes in the liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:


		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021		2022		2021
Three Months Ended March 31,										Three Months Ended March 31,		2023		2022
		(in millions)									(in millions)
Balance at beginning of period	Balance at beginning of period	$	84	$	155	$	103	$	237	Balance at beginning of period		$	117	$	103

Provision charged (credited) to income	Provision charged (credited) to income	5		(27)		(14)		(109)		Provision charged (credited) to income		8		(19)
Balance at end of period	Balance at end of period	$	89	$	128	$	89	$	128	Balance at end of period		$	125	$	84

Accrued Interest Receivables The following table summarizes accrued interest receivables associated with financial assets carried at amortized cost and securities available-for-sale along with the related allowance for credit losses, which are reported net in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. These accrued interest receivables are excluded from the amortized cost basis disclosures presented elsewhere in these financial statements, including Note 5, "Securities," and Note 6, "Loans."


		June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021				March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(in millions)				(in millions)
Accrued interest receivables:	Accrued interest receivables:						Accrued interest receivables:
Loans	Loans	$	133	$	109		Loans	$	246	$	227
Securities held-to-maturity	Securities held-to-maturity	12		13			Securities held-to-maturity	32		20
Other financial assets measured at amortized cost	Other financial assets measured at amortized cost	3		1			Other financial assets measured at amortized cost	46		11
Securities available-for-sale	Securities available-for-sale	87		82			Securities available-for-sale	82		82
Total accrued interest receivables	Total accrued interest receivables	235		205			Total accrued interest receivables	406		340
Allowance for credit losses	Allowance for credit losses	—		1			Allowance for credit losses	—		—
Accrued interest receivables, net	Accrued interest receivables, net	$	235	$	204		Accrued interest receivables, net	$	406	$	340

During both the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022, we charged-off accrued interest receivables ~~by reversing interest income for loans of $1 million compared with $2 million during both the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.~~were immaterial.


HSBC USA Inc.

8. Loans Held for Sale

Loans held for sale consisted of the following:


		June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(in millions)					(in millions)
Commercial loans:	Commercial loans:					Commercial loans:

Business and corporate banking	Business and corporate banking	$	7	$	123	Business and corporate banking	$	19	$	—
Global banking	Global banking	366		338		Global banking	453		349
Total commercial	Total commercial	373		461		Total commercial	472		349
Consumer loans:	Consumer loans:					Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages	Residential mortgages	12		3,082		Residential mortgages	2		5
Home equity mortgages		—		275
Credit cards		8		195
Other consumer		96		204

Total consumer	Total consumer	116		3,756		Total consumer	2		5
Total loans held for sale	Total loans held for sale	$	489	$	4,217	Total loans held for sale	$	474	$	354

Commercial Loans During the first quarter of 2022, we completed the sale of the branch disposal group that we previously transferred to held for sale in 2021 as part of our Restructuring Plan. The sale included certain retail business banking loans with a carrying value at the time of sale of $37 million. See Note 3, "Branch Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale," for additional information.


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

~~Also included~~Included in commercial loans held for sale are certain other loans that we no longer intend to hold for investment and were transferred to held for sale which totaled $201 million and $359 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, lower of amortized cost or fair value adjustments on commercial loans held for sale were immaterial.

~~In addition, commercial loans held for sale includes~~ certain loans that we have elected to designate under the fair value option which consists of loans that we originate in connection with our participation in a number of syndicated credit facilities with the intent of selling them to unaffiliated third parties as well as loans that we purchase from the secondary market and hold as hedges against our exposure to certain total return ~~swaps.~~swaps or intend to sell. The fair value of these loans totaled ~~$172~~$354 million and ~~$23~~$237 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. See Note 11, "Fair Value Option," for additional information.

Commercial loans held for sale also includes certain loans that we no longer intend to hold for investment and were transferred to held for sale which totaled $118 million and $112 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. During the ~~second~~three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, lower of amortized cost or fair value adjustments on these commercial loans held for sale were immaterial.

In addition, during the first quarter of 2022, we ~~also sold certain global banking loans~~completed the sale of the branch disposal group that we previously transferred to ~~third parties~~held for sale in ~~order to reduce risk-weighted assets~~2021 as part of our Restructuring Plan. ~~These global~~The sale included certain retail business banking loans ~~had~~with a carrying value at the time of sale of ~~$44 million~~$37 million. See Note 3, "Sale of Certain Branch Assets and ~~we recognized~~Liabilities," for additional information.

Consumer Loans Included in residential mortgage loans held for sale are agency-eligible conforming residential mortgage loans which are originated and held for sale to third parties, currently on a ~~loss on~~servicing retained basis. Gains and losses from the sale of ~~$3 million.~~ ~~The loss on sale is~~these residential mortgage loans are reflected as a component of other income (loss) in the consolidated statement of income.

~~Consumer Loans~~ AsIn addition, as discussed above, during the first quarter of 2022, we completed the sale of the branch disposal group that we previously transferred to held for sale in 2021 as part of our Restructuring Plan. The sale included certain consumer loans with a carrying value at the time of sale which collectively totaled $2,102 million, including $1,665 million of residential mortgages, $185 million of home equity mortgages, $168 million of credit cards and $84 million of other consumer loans. See Note 3, ~~"Branch~~"Sale of Certain Branch Assets and Liabilities, ~~Held for Sale,~~" for additional information.

~~In addition to the branch disposal group discussed above, during~~During the first quarter of 2022, we also sold a portfolio of consumer loans to a third party consisting primarily of certain non-performing mortgage loans and government-backed mortgage loans that we previously transferred to held for sale in 2021 as part of our Restructuring Plan. These mortgage loans had a carrying value at the time of sale which collectively totaled $904 million, including $865 million of residential mortgages and $39 million of home equity mortgages, and we recognized a loss on sale of $35 million, largely reflecting changes in the final terms of the sale. The loss on sale is reflected as a component of other income (loss) in the consolidated statement of income.

Subsequent to completion of the sales discussed above, during the second quarter of 2022, the remaining mass market residential mortgage and home equity mortgage loans not sold, with a carrying value which collectively totaled $538 million, were transferred back to held for investment as we now intend to hold these loans as a run-off portfolio for the foreseeable future.

At June 30, 2022, additional consumer loans that we previously transferred to held for sale in 2021 as part of our Restructuring Plan remained in loans held for sale, including $8 million of credit cards and $96 million of other consumer loans (of which $22 million are student loans that we have previously elected to designate under the fair value option and are therefore carried at fair value). During the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2022, ~~and 2021,~~ lower of amortized cost or fair value adjustments on mass market consumer loans held for sale were immaterial.

In addition, residential mortgage loans held for sale includes agency-eligible conforming residential mortgage loans which are originated and held for sale to third parties, currently on a servicing retained basis. Gains and losses from the sale of these residential mortgage loans are reflected as a component of other income (loss) in the consolidated statement of income.

Loans held for sale are subject to market risk, liquidity risk and interest rate risk, in that their value will fluctuate as a result of changes in market conditions, as well as the credit environment. Interest rate risk for residential mortgage loans which are originated and held for sale is partially mitigated through an economic hedging program to offset changes in the fair value of these mortgage loans held for sale, from the time of commitment to sale, attributable to changes in market interest rates. Revenue associated with this economic hedging program, which is reflected as a component of other income (loss) in the consolidated statement of income, was ~~gains~~nil during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared with a gain of ~~$3 million and $7~~$4 million during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022, respectively, compared with losses of $3 million and $1 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.~~March 31, 2022.

Valuation Allowances Excluding the loans designated under the fair value option discussed above, loans held for sale are recorded at the lower of amortized cost or fair value, with adjustments to fair value being recorded as a valuation allowance through other revenues. The valuation allowance on consumer loans held for sale was $13 million and $7 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The valuation allowance on commercial loans held for sale was $1 million and $5 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

3432


HSBC USA Inc.

through other revenues. The valuation allowance on loans held for sale was immaterial at both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

9. Goodwill

Goodwill was $458 million at both ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. Goodwill for these periods reflects accumulated impairment losses of $1,819 million, which were recognized in prior periods. During the ~~second~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, there were no events or changes in circumstances to indicate that it is more likely than not the fair value of our Commercial Banking reporting unit has been reduced below its carrying amount.

10. Derivative Financial Instruments

In the normal course of business, the derivative instruments we enter into are for trading, market making and risk management purposes. For financial reporting purposes, derivative instruments are designated in one of the following categories: (a) hedging instruments designated as qualifying hedges under derivative and hedge accounting principles, (b) financial instruments held for trading or (c) non-qualifying economic hedges. The derivative instruments held are predominantly swaps, futures, options and forward contracts. All derivatives are stated at fair value. Where we enter into enforceable master netting agreements with counterparties, the master netting agreements permit us to net those derivative asset and liability positions and to offset cash collateral held and posted with the same counterparty.

The following table presents the fair value of derivative contracts by major product type on a gross basis. Gross fair values exclude the effects of both counterparty netting as well as collateral, and therefore are not representative of our exposure. The table below also presents the amounts of counterparty netting and cash collateral that have been offset in the consolidated balance sheet, as well as cash and securities collateral posted and received under enforceable master netting agreements that do not meet the criteria for netting. Derivative assets and liabilities which are not subject to an enforceable master netting agreement, or are subject to a netting agreement where an appropriate legal opinion to determine such agreements are enforceable has not been either sought or obtained, have not been netted in the following table. Where we have received or posted collateral under netting agreements where an appropriate legal opinion to determine such agreements are enforceable has not been either sought or obtained, the related collateral also has not been netted in the following table.

3533


HSBC USA Inc.


		June 30, 2022				December 31, 2021					March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
		Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities		Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities			Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities		Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities
		(in millions)									(in millions)
Derivatives accounted for as fair value hedges(1)	Derivatives accounted for as fair value hedges(1)									Derivatives accounted for as fair value hedges(1)

Interest rate contracts - bilateral OTC(2)	Interest rate contracts - bilateral OTC(2)	$	—	$	49	$	—	$	5	Interest rate contracts - bilateral OTC(2)	$	—	$	113	$	42	$	12

Derivatives accounted for as cash flow hedges(1)	Derivatives accounted for as cash flow hedges(1)									Derivatives accounted for as cash flow hedges(1)

Foreign exchange contracts - bilateral OTC(2)	Foreign exchange contracts - bilateral OTC(2)	37		—		29		—		Foreign exchange contracts - bilateral OTC(2)	3		6		—		70

Interest rate contracts - bilateral OTC(2)	Interest rate contracts - bilateral OTC(2)	—		2		—		2		Interest rate contracts - bilateral OTC(2)	—		2		—		4
Total derivatives accounted for as hedges	Total derivatives accounted for as hedges	37		51		29		7		Total derivatives accounted for as hedges	3		121		42		86
Trading derivatives not accounted for as hedges(3)	Trading derivatives not accounted for as hedges(3)									Trading derivatives not accounted for as hedges(3)
Exchange-traded(2)	Exchange-traded(2)	26		16		8		10		Exchange-traded(2)	14		16		8		7
OTC-cleared(2)	OTC-cleared(2)	30		—		37		—		OTC-cleared(2)	16		—		42		—
Bilateral OTC(2)	Bilateral OTC(2)	1,735		1,448		1,756		1,877		Bilateral OTC(2)	1,390		1,136		1,764		1,364
Interest rate contracts	Interest rate contracts	1,791		1,464		1,801		1,887		Interest rate contracts	1,420		1,152		1,814		1,371

Foreign exchange controls - bilateral OTC(2)		16,579		16,401		11,321		11,125
Foreign exchange contracts - bilateral OTC(2)										Foreign exchange contracts - bilateral OTC(2)	11,974		11,387		15,744		15,440

Exchange-traded(2)	Exchange-traded(2)	—		21		—		—		Exchange-traded(2)	—		—		—		4

Bilateral OTC(2)	Bilateral OTC(2)	1,249		522		588		1,240		Bilateral OTC(2)	235		394		630		266
Equity contracts	Equity contracts	1,249		543		588		1,240		Equity contracts	235		394		630		270
Exchange-traded(2)	Exchange-traded(2)	6		—		4		—		Exchange-traded(2)	1		—		—		1

Bilateral OTC(2)	Bilateral OTC(2)	1,295		1,108		936		779		Bilateral OTC(2)	1,565		1,623		1,201		1,254
Precious metals contracts	Precious metals contracts	1,301		1,108		940		779		Precious metals contracts	1,566		1,623		1,201		1,255

OTC-cleared(2)		2		—		—		—
Bilateral OTC(2)		72		44		28		25
Credit contracts		74		44		28		25

Credit contracts - bilateral OTC(2)										Credit contracts - bilateral OTC(2)	111		68		103		45

Other non-qualifying derivatives not accounted for as hedges(1)	Other non-qualifying derivatives not accounted for as hedges(1)									Other non-qualifying derivatives not accounted for as hedges(1)

Interest rate contracts - bilateral OTC(2)	Interest rate contracts - bilateral OTC(2)	1		52		47		5		Interest rate contracts - bilateral OTC(2)	—		78		—		97

Foreign exchange contracts - bilateral OTC(2)		—		—		—		1

Equity contracts - bilateral OTC(2)	Equity contracts - bilateral OTC(2)	477		741		1,470		121		Equity contracts - bilateral OTC(2)	514		380		398		657

OTC-cleared(2)	OTC-cleared(2)	—		2		—		19		OTC-cleared(2)	—		1		—		1
Bilateral OTC(2)	Bilateral OTC(2)	3		33		—		38		Bilateral OTC(2)	9		67		7		60
Credit contracts	Credit contracts	3		35		—		57		Credit contracts	9		68		7		61

Other contracts - bilateral OTC(2)(4)	Other contracts - bilateral OTC(2)(4)	7		54		5		38		Other contracts - bilateral OTC(2)(4)	3		27		5		38
Total derivatives	Total derivatives	21,519		20,493		16,229		15,285		Total derivatives	15,835		15,298		19,944		19,320
Less: Gross amounts of receivable / payable subject to enforceable master netting agreements(5)(7)	Less: Gross amounts of receivable / payable subject to enforceable master netting agreements(5)(7)	15,762		15,762		11,991		11,991		Less: Gross amounts of receivable / payable subject to enforceable master netting agreements(5)(7)	12,571		12,571		15,625		15,625
Less: Gross amounts of cash collateral received / posted subject to enforceable master netting agreements(6)(7)	Less: Gross amounts of cash collateral received / posted subject to enforceable master netting agreements(6)(7)	3,410		1,792		2,797		1,296		Less: Gross amounts of cash collateral received / posted subject to enforceable master netting agreements(6)(7)	2,008		1,213		2,653		1,529
Net amounts of derivative assets / liabilities presented in the balance sheet	Net amounts of derivative assets / liabilities presented in the balance sheet	2,347		2,939		1,441		1,998		Net amounts of derivative assets / liabilities presented in the balance sheet	1,256		1,514		1,666		2,166

Less: Gross amounts of financial instrument collateral received / posted subject to enforceable master netting agreements but not offset in the consolidated balance sheet	Less: Gross amounts of financial instrument collateral received / posted subject to enforceable master netting agreements but not offset in the consolidated balance sheet	435		35		179		194		Less: Gross amounts of financial instrument collateral received / posted subject to enforceable master netting agreements but not offset in the consolidated balance sheet	141		37		234		32

Net amounts of derivative assets / liabilities	Net amounts of derivative assets / liabilities	$	1,912	$	2,904	$	1,262	$	1,804	Net amounts of derivative assets / liabilities	$	1,115	$	1,477	$	1,432	$	2,134

(1)Derivative assets / liabilities related to cash flow hedges, fair value hedges and derivative instruments held for purposes other than for trading are recorded in other assets / interest, taxes and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.

(2)Over-the-counter ("OTC") derivatives include derivatives executed and settled bilaterally with counterparties without the use of an organized exchange or central clearing house. The credit risk associated with bilateral OTC derivatives is managed through obtaining collateral and enforceable master netting agreements. OTC-cleared derivatives are executed bilaterally in the OTC market but then novated to a central clearing counterparty, whereby the central clearing counterparty becomes the counterparty to each of the original counterparties. Exchange traded derivatives are executed directly on an organized exchange. Credit risk is minimized for OTC-cleared derivatives and exchange traded derivatives through daily margining requirements. In addition, OTC-cleared interest rate and credit derivatives with certain central clearing counterparties are settled daily.

(3)Trading related derivative assets / liabilities are recorded in trading assets / trading liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.

(4)Consists of swap agreements entered into in conjunction with the sales of Visa Inc. ("Visa") Class B common shares ("Class B Shares").

(5)Represents the netting of derivative receivable and payable balances for the same counterparty under enforceable netting agreements.

(6)Represents the netting of cash collateral posted and received by counterparty under enforceable netting agreements.

(7)Netting is performed at a counterparty level in cases where enforceable master netting agreements are in place, regardless of the type of derivative instrument. Therefore, we have not allocated netting to the different types of derivative instruments shown in the table above.


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

See Note 18, "Guarantee Arrangements, Pledged Assets and Repurchase Agreements," for further information on offsetting related to resale and repurchase agreements.


HSBC USA Inc.

Derivatives Held for Risk Management Purposes Our risk management policy requires us to identify, analyze and manage risks arising from the activities conducted during the normal course of business. We use derivative instruments as an asset and liability management tool to manage our exposures in interest rate, foreign currency and credit risks in existing assets and liabilities, commitments and forecasted transactions. The accounting for changes in fair value of a derivative instrument will depend on whether the derivative has been designated and qualifies for hedge accounting.

We designate derivative instruments to offset the fair value risk and cash flow risk arising from fixed-rate and floating-rate assets and liabilities as well as forecasted transactions. We assess the hedging relationships, both at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, using a regression approach to determine whether the designated hedging instrument is highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or the cash flows attributable to the hedged risk. Accounting principles for qualifying hedges require us to prepare detailed documentation describing the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item, including, but not limited to, the risk management objective, the hedging strategy and the methods to assess and measure the ineffectiveness of the hedging relationship. We discontinue hedge accounting when we determine that the hedge is no longer highly effective, the hedging instrument is terminated, sold or expired, the designated forecasted transaction is not probable of occurring, or when the designation is removed by us.

Fair Value Hedges In the normal course of business, we hold fixed-rate loans and securities, and issue fixed-rate deposits and senior and subordinated debt obligations. The fair value of fixed-rate assets and liabilities fluctuates in response to changes in interest rates. We utilize interest rate swaps, forward and futures contracts to minimize our exposure to changes in fair value caused by interest rate volatility. The changes in the fair value of the hedged item designated in a qualifying hedge are captured as an adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item (basis adjustment). If the hedging relationship is discontinued and the hedged item continues to exist, the basis adjustment is amortized over the remaining life of the hedged item.

The following table presents the carrying amount of hedged items in fair value hedges recognized in the consolidated balance sheet at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, along with the cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of those hedged items:


		Carrying Amount of Hedged Items(1)		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments Increasing (Decreasing) the Carrying Amount of Hedged Items							Carrying Amount of Hedged Items(1)		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments Increasing (Decreasing) the Carrying Amount of Hedged Items
				Active		Discontinued		Total					Active		Discontinued		Total
		(in millions)									(in millions)
At June 30, 2022
At March 31, 2023										At March 31, 2023
Securities available-for-sale ("AFS")	Securities available-for-sale ("AFS")	$	15,181	$	(1,111)	$	464	$	(647)	Securities available-for-sale ("AFS")	$	14,452	$	(1,254)	$	170	$	(1,084)
Deposits	Deposits	1,496		(115)		111		(4)		Deposits	1,460		(129)		89		(40)
Long-term debt	Long-term debt	6,199		(431)		130		(301)		Long-term debt	7,863		(485)		102		(383)
At December 31, 2021
At December 31, 2022										At December 31, 2022
Securities AFS	Securities AFS	7,919		(72)		1,010		938		Securities AFS	15,034		(1,633)		246		(1,387)
Deposits	Deposits	1,598		(27)		125		98		Deposits	1,446		(150)		96		(54)
Long-term debt	Long-term debt	5,587		(61)		148		87		Long-term debt	6,506		(605)		111		(494)

(1)The carrying amount of securities AFS represents the amortized cost basis.

3735


HSBC USA Inc.

The following table presents information on gains and losses on derivative instruments designated and qualifying as hedging instruments and the hedged items in fair value hedges and their location on the consolidated statement of income:


		Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income	Gain (Loss) on Derivatives		Gain (Loss) on Hedged Items			Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income	Gain (Loss) on Derivatives		Gain (Loss) on Hedged Items

			(in millions)					(in millions)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023										Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Interest rate contracts / Securities AFS	Interest rate contracts / Securities AFS	Net interest income	$	748		$	(679)			Interest rate contracts / Securities AFS	Net interest income	$	(207)	$	386
Interest rate contracts / Deposits	Interest rate contracts / Deposits	Net interest income	(20)			3				Interest rate contracts / Deposits	Net interest income	6		(37)
Interest rate contracts / Long-term debt	Interest rate contracts / Long-term debt	Net interest income	(90)			69				Interest rate contracts / Long-term debt	Net interest income	76		(174)
Total	Total		$	638		$	(607)			Total		$	(125)	$	175

Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
Interest rate contracts / Securities AFS		Net interest income	$	(382)		$	407
Interest rate contracts / Deposits		Net interest income	11			(21)
Interest rate contracts / Long-term debt		Net interest income	63			(78)
Total			$	(308)		$	308

Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Interest rate contracts / Securities AFS		Net interest income	$	1,407		$	(1,321)
Interest rate contracts / Deposits		Net interest income	(85)			54
Interest rate contracts / Long-term debt		Net interest income	(326)			295
Total			$	996		$	(972)

Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022										Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Interest rate contracts / Securities AFS	Interest rate contracts / Securities AFS	Net interest income	$	192		$	(140)			Interest rate contracts / Securities AFS	Net interest income	$	659	$	(642)
Interest rate contracts / Deposits	Interest rate contracts / Deposits	Net interest income	(32)			8				Interest rate contracts / Deposits	Net interest income	(65)		51
Interest rate contracts / Long-term debt	Interest rate contracts / Long-term debt	Net interest income	(14)			(11)				Interest rate contracts / Long-term debt	Net interest income	(236)		226
Total	Total		$	146		$	(143)			Total		$	358	$	(365)

Cash Flow Hedges We own or issue floating rate financial instruments and enter into forecasted transactions that give rise to variability in future cash flows. As a part of our risk management strategy, we use interest rate swaps, currency swaps and futures contracts to mitigate risk associated with variability in the cash flows. Changes in fair value of a derivative instrument associated with a qualifying cash flow hedge are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). When the cash flows being hedged materialize and are recorded in income or expense, the associated gain or loss from the hedging derivative previously recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCI") is reclassified into earnings in the same accounting period in which the designated forecasted transaction or hedged item affects earnings. If a cash flow hedge of a forecasted transaction is discontinued because it is no longer highly effective, or if the hedge relationship is terminated, the cumulative gain or loss on the hedging derivative to that date will continue to be reported in AOCI unless it is probable that the hedged forecasted transaction will not occur by the end of the originally specified time period as documented at the inception of the hedge, at which time the cumulative gain or loss is released into earnings.

At ~~June 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, active cash flow hedge relationships extend or mature through ~~August 2032.~~July 2036. During the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022, respectively, $1 million and $2~~March 31, 2023, $45 million of losses related to discontinued cash flow hedge relationships were amortized to earnings from AOCI compared with ~~gains~~losses of ~~$4 million and $3~~$1 million during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2021, respectively.~~March 31, 2022. During the next twelve months, we expect to amortize ~~$14~~$114 million of remaining losses to earnings resulting from these discontinued cash flow hedges. The interest accrual related to the hedging instruments is recognized in net interest ~~income.~~

income


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~.

The following table presents information on gains and losses on derivative instruments designated and qualifying as hedging instruments in cash flow hedges (including amounts recognized in AOCI from discontinued cash flow hedges) and their location on the consolidated statement of income:


		Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivatives				Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income	Gain (Loss) Reclassified From AOCI into Income					Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivatives				Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income			Gain (Loss) Reclassified From AOCI into Income
		2022		2021				2022			2021							2022			Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income		2023			2022
		(in millions)										(in millions)
Three Months Ended June 30,
Foreign exchange contracts		$	—	$	—		Net interest income		$	—			$	—

Three Months Ended March 31,															Three Months Ended March 31,

Interest rate contracts	Interest rate contracts	(82)		(8)			Net interest income		(1)				4		Interest rate contracts	85			(201)			Net interest income		(45)			(1)
Total	Total	$	(82)	$	(8)				$	(1)			$	4	Total	$	85		$	(201)				$	(45)		$	(1)

Six Months Ended June 30,
Foreign exchange contracts		$	—	$	(1)		Net interest income		$	—			$	—
Interest rate contracts		(283)		(24)			Net interest income		(2)				3
Total		$	(283)	$	(25)				$	(2)			$	3

Trading Derivatives and Non-Qualifying Hedging Activities In addition to risk management, we also enter into derivative contracts, including buy- and sell-protection credit derivatives, for the purposes of trading and market making, or repackaging risks to form structured trades to meet clients' risk taking objectives. Additionally, we buy or sell securities and use derivatives to mitigate the market risks arising from our trading activities with our clients that exceed our risk appetite. We also use buy-protection credit derivatives to manage our counterparty credit risk exposure. Where we enter into derivatives for trading purposes, realized and unrealized gains and losses are recognized in trading revenue. Counterparty credit risk associated with


HSBC USA Inc.

OTC derivatives, including risk-mitigating buy-protection credit derivatives, are recognized as an adjustment to the fair value of the derivatives and are recorded in trading revenue.

Our non-qualifying hedging and other activities include:

•Derivative contracts related to the fixed-rate long-term debt issuances and hybrid instruments, including all structured notes and deposits, for which we have elected fair value option accounting. These derivative contracts are non-qualifying hedges but are considered economic hedges.

•Credit default swaps which are designated as economic hedges against the credit risks within our loan portfolio. In the event of an impairment loss occurring in a loan that is economically hedged, the impairment loss is recognized as provision for credit losses while the gain on the credit default swap is recorded as other income (loss).

•Swap agreements entered into in conjunction with the sales of Visa Class B Shares to a third party to retain the litigation risk associated with the Class B Shares sold until the related litigation is settled and the Class B Shares can be converted into Class A common shares ("Class A Shares"). See Note 18, "Guarantee Arrangements, Pledged Assets and Repurchase Agreements," for additional information.

•Forward purchases or sales of to-be-announced ("TBA") securities used to economically hedge changes in the fair value of residential mortgage loans which are originated and held for sale attributable to changes in market interest rates. Changes in the fair value of TBA positions, which are considered derivatives, are recorded in other income (loss). See Note 8, "Loans Held for Sale," for additional information.

Derivative instruments designated as economic hedges that do not qualify for hedge accounting are recorded at fair value through profit and loss. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on economic hedges are recognized in gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives or other income (loss) while the derivative asset or liability positions are reflected as other assets or other liabilities.


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

The following table presents information on gains and losses on derivative instruments held for trading purposes and their location on the consolidated statement of income:


		Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives								Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives				Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
			Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,					Three Months Ended March 31,
			2022		2021		2022		2021					Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives				2023			2022
			(in millions)													(in millions)
Interest rate contracts	Interest rate contracts	Trading revenue	$	150	$	(277)	$	376	$	152								$	(29)		$	226

Foreign exchange contracts	Foreign exchange contracts	Trading revenue	(34)		52		116		168						Foreign exchange contracts		Trading revenue			29			150
Equity contracts	Equity contracts	Trading revenue	1,763		(701)		2,678		(980)				Equity contracts	Trading revenue				(476)			915
Precious metals contracts	Precious metals contracts	Trading revenue	104		121		41		41				Precious metals contracts	Trading revenue				136			(63)
Credit contracts	Credit contracts	Trading revenue	31		(44)		63		171				Credit contracts	Trading revenue				(26)			32
Total	Total		$	2,014	$	(849)	$	3,274	$	(448)			Total					$	(366)		$	1,260

The following table presents information on gains and losses on derivative instruments held for non-qualifying hedging and other activities and their location on the consolidated statement of income:


		Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives								Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives								Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
			Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,					Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives						Three Months Ended March 31,
			2022		2021		2022							Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives						2023			2022
			(in millions)													(in millions)
Interest rate contracts	Interest rate contracts	Gain on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives	$	(92)	$	63	$	(215)	$	(54)										$	43		$	(123)
Interest rate contracts	Interest rate contracts	Other income (loss)	3		(3)		7		(1)						Interest rate contracts		Other income (loss)					—			4
Foreign exchange contracts		Gain on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives	1		—		1		—

Equity contracts	Equity contracts	Gain on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives	(864)		386		(1,214)		872				Equity contracts	Gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives						412			(350)

Credit contracts	Credit contracts	Other income (loss)	5		(6)		10		(12)				Credit contracts	Other income (loss)						(15)			5
Other contracts(1)	Other contracts(1)	Other income (loss)	(30)		(5)		(31)		(3)				Other contracts(1)	Other income (loss)						(2)			(1)
Total	Total		$	(977)	$	435	$	(1,442)	$	802			Total							$	438		$	(465)

(1)Consists of swap agreements entered into in conjunction with the sales of Visa Class B Shares.


HSBC USA Inc.

Credit-Risk Related Contingent Features The majority of our derivative contracts contain provisions that require us to maintain a specific credit rating from each of the major credit rating agencies. Sometimes the derivative instrument transactions are a part of broader structured product transactions. If our credit ratings were to fall below the current ratings, the counterparties to our derivative instruments could demand us to post additional collateral. The amount of additional collateral required to be posted will depend on whether we are downgraded by one or more notches. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit-risk related contingent features that were in a net liability position at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 was ~~$589~~$150 million, for which we had posted collateral of ~~$375~~$77 million. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that were in a net liability position at December 31, ~~2021~~2022 was ~~$361~~$236 million, for which we had posted collateral of ~~$172~~$100 million. Substantially all of the collateral posted is in the form of cash or securities available-for-sale. See Note 18, "Guarantee Arrangements, Pledged Assets and Repurchase Agreements," for further details.

The following table presents the amount of additional collateral that we would be required to post (from the current collateral level) related to derivative instruments with credit-risk related contingent features if our long-term ratings were downgraded by one or two notches. A downgrade by a single rating agency that does not result in a rating lower than a preexisting corresponding rating provided by another rating agency will generally not result in additional collateral.

One-notch downgrade Two-notch downgrade
(in millions)
Amount of additional collateral to be posted upon downgrade $ 19 $ 67


	~~HSBC USA Inc.~~One-notch downgrade		Two-notch downgrade
	(in millions)
Amount of additional collateral to be posted upon downgrade	$	—	$	25

Notional Value of Derivative Contracts The following table summarizes the notional values of derivative contracts:


		June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(in millions)					(in millions)
Interest rate:	Interest rate:					Interest rate:
Futures and forwards	Futures and forwards	$	35,879	$	44,686	Futures and forwards	$	96,220	$	30,764
Swaps	Swaps	137,552		177,876		Swaps	113,507		120,560
Options written	Options written	8,207		10,842		Options written	4,562		5,855
Options purchased	Options purchased	8,110		12,688		Options purchased	4,461		5,740
Total interest rate	Total interest rate	189,748		246,092		Total interest rate	218,750		162,919
Foreign exchange:	Foreign exchange:					Foreign exchange:
Swaps, futures and forwards	Swaps, futures and forwards	1,128,497		974,725		Swaps, futures and forwards	1,076,561		968,847
Options written	Options written	25,859		28,577		Options written	30,373		39,969
Options purchased	Options purchased	26,256		28,678		Options purchased	30,391		40,026
Spot	Spot	54,234		31,319		Spot	40,937		26,809
Total foreign exchange	Total foreign exchange	1,234,846		1,063,299		Total foreign exchange	1,178,262		1,075,651
Commodities, equities and precious metals:	Commodities, equities and precious metals:					Commodities, equities and precious metals:
Swaps, futures and forwards	Swaps, futures and forwards	64,174		60,054		Swaps, futures and forwards	70,766		58,371
Options written	Options written	2,113		5,873		Options written	1,565		1,643
Options purchased	Options purchased	9,416		11,800		Options purchased	9,687		9,689
Total commodities, equities and precious metals	Total commodities, equities and precious metals	75,703		77,727		Total commodities, equities and precious metals	82,018		69,703
Credit derivatives	Credit derivatives	11,619		7,023		Credit derivatives	18,299		18,547
Other contracts(1)	Other contracts(1)	1,083		1,204		Other contracts(1)	1,235		1,109
Total	Total	$	1,512,999	$	1,395,345	Total	$	1,498,564	$	1,327,929

(1)Consists of swap agreements entered into in conjunction with the sales of Visa Class B Shares.


HSBC USA Inc.

11. Fair Value Option

We report our results to HSBC in accordance with HSBC Group accounting and reporting policies ("Group Reporting Basis"), which apply International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRSs") as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB"). We typically have elected to apply fair value option ("FVO") accounting to selected financial instruments to align the measurement attributes of those instruments under U.S. GAAP and the Group Reporting Basis and to simplify the accounting model applied to those financial instruments. We elected to apply FVO accounting to certain commercial loans held for sale, certain student loans, certain fixed-rate long-term debt issuances, ~~and~~ all of our hybrid instruments, including structured notes and ~~deposits.~~deposits, and, at December 31, 2022, a client share repurchase transaction. Excluding the fair value movement on fair value option liabilities attributable to our own credit spread, which is recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), changes in the fair value of fair value option assets and liabilities as well as the mark-to-market adjustment on the related derivatives and the net realized gains or losses on these derivatives are reported in gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives in the consolidated statement of income.

Loans and Loans Held For Sale We elected to apply FVO accounting to certain commercial syndicated loans which are originated with the intent to sell and certain commercial loans that we purchased from the secondary market and hold as hedges against our exposure to certain total return swaps or intend to sell and include these loans as loans held for sale in the consolidated balance sheet. We also previously elected to apply FVO accounting to certain student loans (which were subsequently transferred from held for sale to held for ~~sale~~investment during ~~2021)~~2022). These elections allow us to account for these loans at fair value which is consistent with the manner in which the instruments are managed. Where available, fair value is based on observable market pricing obtained from independent sources, relevant broker quotes or observed market prices of instruments with similar characteristics. Where observable market parameters are not available, fair value is determined based on contractual cash flows adjusted for estimates of prepayment rates, expected default rates and loss severity discounted at management's estimate of the expected rate of return required by market participants. We also consider loan-specific risk mitigating factors such as collateral arrangements in determining the fair value estimate. Interest from these loans is recorded as interest income in the consolidated statement of income. Because a substantial majority of the loans elected for the fair value option are floating-rate commercial loans, changes in their fair value are primarily attributable to changes in loan-specific credit risk factors. The components of gain (loss) related to loans


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

designated at fair value are summarized in the table below. At ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, no loans for which the fair value option has been elected were 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status.

Long-Term Debt (Own Debt Issuances) We elected to apply FVO accounting for certain fixed-rate long-term debt for which we had applied or otherwise would elect to apply fair value hedge accounting. The election allows us to achieve a similar accounting effect without having to meet the hedge accounting requirements. The own debt issuances elected under FVO are traded in secondary markets and, as such, the fair value is determined based on observed prices for the specific instruments. The observed market price of these instruments reflects the effect of changes to our own credit spreads and interest rates. Interest on the fixed-rate debt accounted for under FVO is recorded as interest expense in the consolidated statement of income. Excluding the fair value movement attributable to our own credit spread, the components of gain (loss) in the consolidated statement of income related to long-term debt designated at fair value are summarized in the table below.

Hybrid Instruments We elected to apply FVO accounting to all of our hybrid instruments issued, including structured notes and deposits. The valuation of the hybrid instruments is predominantly driven by the derivative features embedded within the instruments and our own credit risk. Cash flows of the hybrid instruments in their entirety, including the embedded derivatives, are discounted at an appropriate rate for the applicable duration of the instrument adjusted for our own credit spreads. The credit spreads applied to structured notes are determined with reference to our own debt issuance rates observed in the primary and secondary markets, internal funding rates, and structured note rates in recent executions while the credit spreads applied to structured deposits are determined using market rates currently offered on comparable deposits with similar characteristics and maturities. Interest on this debt is recorded as interest expense in the consolidated statement of income. Excluding the fair value movement attributable to our own credit spread, the components of gain (loss) in the consolidated statement of income related to hybrid instruments designated at fair value are summarized in the table below.

Client Share Repurchase Transaction In December 2022, we entered into an agreement with a client to facilitate a share repurchase transaction, which was completed during the first quarter of 2023. Under the agreement, the client made an up-front cash payment in exchange for the delivery of shares. Simultaneously, we entered into a corresponding agreement with HSBC Bank plc to execute the share repurchase. We elected to apply FVO accounting to this transaction, which resulted in $325 million being recorded in both other assets and interest, taxes and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2022.


HSBC USA Inc.

The following table summarizes the fair value and unpaid principal balance for items we account for under FVO:

Fair Value Unpaid Principal Balance Fair Value Over (Under) Unpaid Principal Balance
(in millions)
At June 30, 2022
Student loans held for sale $ 22 $ 24 $ (2)
Commercial loans held for sale 172 183 (11)
Fixed rate long-term debt 757 741 16
Hybrid instruments:
Structured deposits 2,018 1,932 86
Structured notes 6,363 6,809 (446)
At December 31, 2021
Student loans held for sale $ 25 $ 28 $ (3)
Commercial loans held for sale 23 23 —
Fixed rate long-term debt 945 741 204
Hybrid instruments:
Structured deposits 2,749 2,465 284
Structured notes 7,997 6,834 1,163


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~


	Fair Value		Unpaid Principal Balance		Fair Value Over (Under) Unpaid Principal Balance
	(in millions)
At March 31, 2023
Student loans held for investment	$	18	$	21	$	(3)
Commercial loans held for sale	354		412		(58)



Fixed rate long-term debt	734		741		(7)
Hybrid instruments:
Structured deposits	1,404		1,379		25
Structured notes	8,213		8,247		(34)

At December 31, 2022
Student loans held for investment	$	20	$	22	$	(2)
Commercial loans held for sale	237		291		(54)
Client share repurchase asset	325		325		—


Fixed rate long-term debt	706		741		(35)
Hybrid instruments:
Structured deposits	1,554		1,520		34
Structured notes	7,672		8,051		(379)
Client share repurchase liability	325		325		—

Components of Gain (Loss) on Instruments Designated at Fair Value and Related Derivatives The following table summarizes the components of gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives reflected in the consolidated statement of income for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:


		Loans Held for Sale		Long-Term Debt			Hybrid Instruments		Total			Loans and Loans Held for Sale		Long-Term Debt		Hybrid Instruments		Total
		(in millions)				(in millions)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
Interest rate and other components(1)		$	—	$	65		$	936	$	1,001
Credit risk component(2)(3)		(27)		—			—		(27)
Total mark-to-market on financial instruments designated at fair value		(27)		65			936		974
Mark-to-market on related derivatives		—		(70)			(893)		(963)
Net realized gain on related long-term debt derivatives		—		8			—		8
Gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives		$	(27)	$	3		$	43	$	19

Three Months Ended June 30, 2021

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023											Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Interest rate and other components(1)	Interest rate and other components(1)	$	—	$	(41)		$	(401)	$	(442)	Interest rate and other components(1)	$	—	$	(21)	$	(450)	$	(471)
Credit risk component(2)	Credit risk component(2)	—		—			—		—		Credit risk component(2)	(6)		—		—		(6)
Total mark-to-market on financial instruments designated at fair value	Total mark-to-market on financial instruments designated at fair value	—		(41)			(401)		(442)		Total mark-to-market on financial instruments designated at fair value	(6)		(21)		(450)		(477)
Mark-to-market on related derivatives	Mark-to-market on related derivatives	—		42			397		439		Mark-to-market on related derivatives	—		23		431		454
Net realized gain on related long-term debt derivatives	Net realized gain on related long-term debt derivatives	—		10			—		10		Net realized gain on related long-term debt derivatives	—		1		—		1
Gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives	Gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives	$	—	$	11		$	(4)	$	7	Gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives	$	(6)	$	3	$	(19)	$	(22)

Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Interest rate and other components(1)		$	—	$	139		$	1,349	$	1,488
Credit risk component(2)(3)		(35)		—			—		(35)
Total mark-to-market on financial instruments designated at fair value		(35)		139			1,349		1,453
Mark-to-market on related derivatives		—		(155)			(1,290)		(1,445)
Net realized gain on related long-term debt derivatives		—		17			—		17
Gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives		$	(35)	$	1		$	59	$	25

Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022											Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Interest rate and other components(1)	Interest rate and other components(1)	$	—	$	59		$	(853)	$	(794)	Interest rate and other components(1)	$	—	$	74	$	413	$	487
Credit risk component(2)	Credit risk component(2)	1		—			—		1		Credit risk component(2)	(8)		—		—		(8)
Total mark-to-market on financial instruments designated at fair value	Total mark-to-market on financial instruments designated at fair value	1		59			(853)		(793)		Total mark-to-market on financial instruments designated at fair value	(8)		74		413		479
Mark-to-market on related derivatives	Mark-to-market on related derivatives	—		(66)			865		799		Mark-to-market on related derivatives	—		(85)		(397)		(482)
Net realized gain on related long-term debt derivatives	Net realized gain on related long-term debt derivatives	—		19			—		19		Net realized gain on related long-term debt derivatives	—		9		—		9
Gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives	Gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives	$	1	$	12		$	12	$	25	Gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives	$	(8)	$	(2)	$	16	$	6

(1)As it relates to hybrid instruments, interest rate and other components primarily includes interest rate ~~foreign exchange~~ and equity contract risks.

(2)The fair value movement on fair value option liabilities attributable to our own credit spread is recorded in other comprehensive income (loss).

~~(3)~~During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the losses in the credit risk component for loans held for sale was attributable to the widening of credit spreads associated with certain commercial loans which were impacted by the weakening of market conditions.

4340


HSBC USA Inc.

12. Accumulated Other Comprehensive ~~Income (Loss)~~Loss

Accumulated other comprehensive ~~income (loss)~~loss includes certain items that are reported directly within a separate component of equity. The following table presents changes in accumulated other comprehensive ~~income (loss)~~loss balances:

Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021
(in millions)
Unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities:
Balance at beginning of period $ (1,108) $ 119
Other comprehensive income (loss) for period:
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during period, net of tax of $(182) million and $21 million, respectively (573) 63
Reclassification adjustment for gains realized in net income, net of tax of $(2) million and $(4) million, respectively(1)
(7) (14)
Provision for credit losses realized in net income, net of tax of less than $1 million and nil, respectively(2)
2 —
Amortization of net unrealized losses on securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity realized in net income, net of tax of $1 million and $1 million, respectively(3)
4 4
Total other comprehensive income (loss) for period (574) 53
Balance at end of period (1,682) 172
Unrealized gains (losses) on fair value option liabilities attributable to our own credit spread:
Balance at beginning of period 56 5
Other comprehensive income (loss) for period:
Net unrealized gains arising during period, net of tax of $16 million and $3 million, respectively 51 10
Total other comprehensive income for period 51 10
Balance at end of period 107 15
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Balance at beginning of period (290) (91)
Other comprehensive income (loss) for period:
Net unrealized losses arising during period, net of tax of $(19) million and $(2) million, respectively (63) (6)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses realized in net income, net of tax of less than $1 million and $(1) million, respectively(4)
1 (3)
Total other comprehensive loss for period (62) (9)
Balance at end of period (352) (100)
Pension and postretirement benefit liability:
Balance at beginning of period (3) (7)
Other comprehensive income (loss) for period:
Change in unfunded pension and postretirement liability, net of tax of nil and less than $1 million, respectively — 1
Total other comprehensive income for period — 1
Balance at end of period (3) (6)
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at end of period $ (1,930) $ 81


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~


Six Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021

Three Months Ended March 31,							Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022
		(in millions)				(in millions)
Unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities:	Unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities:						Unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities:
Balance at beginning of period	Balance at beginning of period	$	(65)	$	750		Balance at beginning of period	$	(2,270)	$	(65)

Other comprehensive income (loss) for period:	Other comprehensive income (loss) for period:						Other comprehensive income (loss) for period:
Net unrealized losses arising during period, net of tax of $(509) million and $(174) million, respectively		(1,602)		(550)
Reclassification adjustment for gains realized in net income, net of tax of $(7) million and $(11) million, respectively(1)		(22)		(36)
Provision for credit losses realized in net income, net of tax of less than $1 million and nil, respectively(2)		1		—
Amortization of net unrealized losses on securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity realized in net income, net of tax of $2 million and $2 million, respectively(3)		6		8
Total other comprehensive loss for period		(1,617)		(578)
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during period, net of tax of $68 million and $(327) million, respectively							Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during period, net of tax of $68 million and $(327) million, respectively	207		(1,029)
Reclassification adjustment for gains realized in net income, net of tax of $(1) million and $(5) million, respectively(1)							Reclassification adjustment for gains realized in net income, net of tax of $(1) million and $(5) million, respectively(1)	(2)		(15)
Reversal of provision for credit losses realized in net income, net of tax of nil and less than $(1) million, respectively(2)							Reversal of provision for credit losses realized in net income, net of tax of nil and less than $(1) million, respectively(2)	—		(1)
Amortization of net unrealized (gains) losses on securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity realized in net income, net of tax of less than $(1) million and $1 million, respectively(3)							Amortization of net unrealized (gains) losses on securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity realized in net income, net of tax of less than $(1) million and $1 million, respectively(3)	(1)		2
Total other comprehensive income (loss) for period							Total other comprehensive income (loss) for period	204		(1,043)
Balance at end of period	Balance at end of period	(1,682)		172			Balance at end of period	(2,066)		(1,108)
Unrealized gains (losses) on fair value option liabilities attributable to our own credit spread:	Unrealized gains (losses) on fair value option liabilities attributable to our own credit spread:						Unrealized gains (losses) on fair value option liabilities attributable to our own credit spread:
Balance at beginning of period	Balance at beginning of period	27		15			Balance at beginning of period	86		27

Other comprehensive income (loss) for period:	Other comprehensive income (loss) for period:						Other comprehensive income (loss) for period:
Net unrealized gains arising during period, net of tax of $25 million and nil, respectively		80		—
Net unrealized gains arising during period, net of tax of $21 million and $9 million, respectively							Net unrealized gains arising during period, net of tax of $21 million and $9 million, respectively	63		29

Total other comprehensive income for period	Total other comprehensive income for period	80		—			Total other comprehensive income for period	63		29
Balance at end of period	Balance at end of period	107		15			Balance at end of period	149		56
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:	Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:						Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Balance at beginning of period	Balance at beginning of period	(138)		(79)			Balance at beginning of period	(396)		(138)

Other comprehensive income (loss) for period:	Other comprehensive income (loss) for period:						Other comprehensive income (loss) for period:
Net unrealized losses arising during period, net of tax of $(67) million and $(6) million, respectively		(216)		(19)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses realized in net income, net of tax of less than $1 million and $(1) million, respectively(4)		2		(2)
Total other comprehensive loss for period		(214)		(21)
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during period, net of tax of $21 million and $(48) million, respectively							Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during period, net of tax of $21 million and $(48) million, respectively	64		(153)
Reclassification adjustment for losses realized in net income, net of tax of $11 million and less than $1 million, respectively(4)							Reclassification adjustment for losses realized in net income, net of tax of $11 million and less than $1 million, respectively(4)	34		1
Total other comprehensive income (loss) for period							Total other comprehensive income (loss) for period	98		(152)
Balance at end of period	Balance at end of period	(352)		(100)			Balance at end of period	(298)		(290)
Pension and postretirement benefit liability:	Pension and postretirement benefit liability:						Pension and postretirement benefit liability:
Balance at beginning of period		(3)		(7)
Balance at beginning and end of period							Balance at beginning and end of period	5		(3)

Other comprehensive income (loss) for period:
Change in unfunded pension and postretirement liability, net of tax of nil and less than $1 million, respectively		—		1

Total other comprehensive income for period		—		1
Balance at end of period		(3)		(6)
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at end of period		$	(1,930)	$	81

Total accumulated other comprehensive loss at end of period							Total accumulated other comprehensive loss at end of period	$	(2,210)	$	(1,345)

(1)Amount reclassified to net income is included in other securities gains, net in our consolidated statement of income.

(2)Changes in the allowance for credit losses on securities available-for-sale are included in the provision for credit losses in our consolidated statement of income.

(3)Amount amortized to net income is included in interest income in our consolidated statement of income. During 2014, we transferred securities from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. At the date of transfer, AOCI included net pretax unrealized losses related to the transferred securities which are being amortized over the remaining contractual life of each security as an adjustment of yield in a manner consistent with the amortization of any premium or discount.

(4)Amount reclassified to net income is included in net interest income in our consolidated statement of income.

4541


HSBC USA Inc.

13. Fee Income from Contracts with Customers

The following table summarizes fee income from contracts with customers disaggregated by type of activity, as well as a reconciliation to total other revenues, during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and ~~2021.~~2022. See Note 23, "Fee Income from Contracts with Customers," in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K for a description of the various types of fee-based activities and how revenue associated with these activities is recognized. There have been no significant changes in these activities since December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.


		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021		2022		2021
Three Months Ended March 31,										Three Months Ended March 31,		2023		2022
		(in millions)									(in millions)
Credit card fees, net	Credit card fees, net	$	12	$	13	$	27	$	23	Credit card fees, net		$	11	$	15
Trust and investment management fees	Trust and investment management fees	34		26		60		55		Trust and investment management fees		31		26
Other fees and commissions:	Other fees and commissions:									Other fees and commissions:
Account services	Account services	70		73		137		143		Account services		66		67
Credit facilities	Credit facilities	71		89		171		172		Credit facilities		73		100
Other fees	Other fees	19		9		30		21		Other fees		9		11
Total other fees and commissions	Total other fees and commissions	160		171		338		336		Total other fees and commissions		148		178
Servicing and other fees from HSBC affiliates	Servicing and other fees from HSBC affiliates	87		70		188		153		Servicing and other fees from HSBC affiliates		74		101
Insurance(1)	Insurance(1)	1		2		2		3		Insurance(1)		1		1
Total fee income from contracts with customers	Total fee income from contracts with customers	294		282		615		570		Total fee income from contracts with customers		265		321
Other non-fee revenues		49		22		214		118
Other non-fee revenue										Other non-fee revenue		188		165
Total other revenues(2)	Total other revenues(2)	$	343	$	304	$	829	$	688	Total other revenues(2)		$	453	$	486

(1)Included within other income (loss) in the consolidated statement of income.

(2)See Note 15, "Business Segments," for a reconciliation of total other revenues on a U.S. GAAP basis to other operating income for each business segment under the Group Reporting Basis.

Credit card fees, net We recognized interchange fees of ~~$29~~$26 million and ~~$54~~$25 million during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022, ~~respectively, compared with $26 million and $44 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021,~~ respectively. Credit card rewards program costs totaled ~~$15~~$16 million and ~~$30~~$15 million during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022, ~~respectively, compared with $13 million and $24 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021,~~ respectively.

Deferred Fee Income

Information related to deferred fee income on loan commitments, revolving credit facilities and standby letters of credit is included in Note 18, "Guarantee Arrangements, Pledged Assets and Repurchase Agreements," and Note 19, "Fair Value Measurements." Excluding these items, we had deferred fee income related to certain account service fees that are paid upfront and recognized over the service period and annual fees on credit cards which collectively was $3 million ~~and $4 million~~ at ~~June 30, 2022~~both March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021, respectively.~~2022. We expect to recognize this revenue over a remaining period of one year or less.

~~Other than trust and investment management fees as discussed in our 2021 Form 10-K, we~~We do not use significant judgments in the determination of the amount and timing of fee income from contracts with customers. Additionally, costs to obtain or fulfill contracts with customers were immaterial.

4642


HSBC USA Inc.

14. Related Party Transactions

In the normal course of business, we conduct transactions with HSBC and its subsidiaries. HSBC policy requires that these transactions occur at prevailing market rates and terms and, where applicable, these transactions are compliant with United States banking regulations. All extensions of credit by (and certain credit exposures of) HSBC Bank USA ~~National Association (together with its subsidiaries, "HSBC Bank USA")~~ to other HSBC affiliates (other than Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured banks) are legally required to be secured by eligible collateral. The following tables present related party balances and the income (expense) generated by related party transactions:


		June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(in millions)					(in millions)
Assets:	Assets:					Assets:
Cash and due from banks	Cash and due from banks	$	219	$	300	Cash and due from banks	$	332	$	313
Interest bearing deposits with banks	Interest bearing deposits with banks	214		59		Interest bearing deposits with banks	309		21
Securities purchased under agreements to resell(1)	Securities purchased under agreements to resell(1)	845		594		Securities purchased under agreements to resell(1)	44		756
Trading assets	Trading assets	46		119		Trading assets	50		20
Loans	Loans	3,457		2,793		Loans	3,409		3,557
Other(2)	Other(2)	343		401		Other(2)	402		744
Total assets	Total assets	$	5,124	$	4,266	Total assets	$	4,546	$	5,411
Liabilities:	Liabilities:					Liabilities:
Deposits	Deposits	$	13,003	$	9,137	Deposits	$	9,965	$	11,357
Trading liabilities~~(3)~~	Trading liabilities~~(3)~~	476		130		Trading liabilities~~(3)~~	47		110
Short-term borrowings	Short-term borrowings	833		309		Short-term borrowings	1,597		1,009
Long-term debt	Long-term debt	5,510		5,511		Long-term debt	6,010		6,011
Other(2)	Other(2)	504		277		Other(2)	232		326
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	$	20,326	$	15,364	Total liabilities	$	17,851	$	18,813

(1)Reflects purchases of securities under which other HSBC affiliates have agreed to repurchase.

(2)Other assets and other liabilities primarily consist of derivative balances associated with hedging activities and other miscellaneous account receivables and payables.

~~(3)The increase in trading liabilities at June 30,~~ At December 31, 2022,~~primarily reflects an increase in borrowing of gold inventory~~ other assets also included a receivable from HSBC Bank plc ~~to support~~associated with a client ~~activity levels.~~share repurchase transaction.

4743


HSBC USA Inc.


		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021		2022		2021
Three Months Ended March 31,										Three Months Ended March 31,		2023		2022
		(in millions)									(in millions)
Income (Expense):	Income (Expense):									Income (Expense):
Interest income	Interest income	$	16	$	7	$	22	$	14	Interest income		$	57	$	6
Interest expense	Interest expense	(60)		(60)		(112)		(133)		Interest expense		(119)		(52)
Net interest expense	Net interest expense	(44)		(53)		(90)		(119)		Net interest expense		(62)		(46)
Trading revenue (expense)	Trading revenue (expense)	1,330		(1,121)		2,605		(990)		Trading revenue (expense)		(778)		1,275
Servicing and other fees from HSBC affiliates:	Servicing and other fees from HSBC affiliates:									Servicing and other fees from HSBC affiliates:
HSBC Bank plc	HSBC Bank plc	48		32		108		80		HSBC Bank plc		41		60
HSBC Markets (USA) Inc. ("HMUS")	HSBC Markets (USA) Inc. ("HMUS")	17		26		42		48		HSBC Markets (USA) Inc. ("HMUS")		18		25

Other HSBC affiliates	Other HSBC affiliates	22		12		38		25		Other HSBC affiliates		15		16
Total servicing and other fees from HSBC affiliates	Total servicing and other fees from HSBC affiliates	87		70		188		153		Total servicing and other fees from HSBC affiliates		74		101
Gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives	Gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives	(894)		397		(1,290)		865		Gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives		432		(396)
Support services from HSBC affiliates:	Support services from HSBC affiliates:									Support services from HSBC affiliates:
HTSU	HTSU	(244)		(268)		(504)		(512)		HTSU		(220)		(260)
HMUS	HMUS	(46)		(18)		(83)		(46)		HMUS		(53)		(37)
Other HSBC affiliates	Other HSBC affiliates	(129)		(106)		(250)		(201)		Other HSBC affiliates		(111)		(121)
Total support services from HSBC affiliates	Total support services from HSBC affiliates	(419)		(392)		(837)		(759)		Total support services from HSBC affiliates		(384)		(418)
Rental income from HSBC affiliates, net(1)	Rental income from HSBC affiliates, net(1)	9		7		19		20		Rental income from HSBC affiliates, net(1)		9		10
Stock based compensation expense(2)	Stock based compensation expense(2)	(3)		(5)		(7)		(11)		Stock based compensation expense(2)		(5)		(4)

(1)We receive rental income from our affiliates, and in some cases pay rental expense to our affiliates, for certain office space. Net rental income from our affiliates is recorded as a component of occupancy expense, net in our consolidated statement of income.

(2)Employees may participate in one or more stock compensation plans sponsored by HSBC. These expenses are included in salaries and employee benefits in our consolidated statement of income. Certain employees are also eligible to participate in a defined benefit pension plan and other postretirement plans sponsored by HSBC North America which are discussed in Note 22, "Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits," in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K.

Funding Arrangements with HSBC Affiliates:

We use HSBC affiliates to fund a portion of our borrowing and liquidity needs. At both ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, long-term debt with affiliates reflected ~~$5.5~~$6.0 billion of borrowings from HSBC North America. The outstanding balances include $2.0 billion of fixed-rate senior debt which matures in June 2025, $2.0 billion of fixed-rate senior debt which matures in September 2025, $0.5 billion of fixed-rate senior debt which matures in December 2027 and $1.5 billion of fixed-rate senior debt which matures in June 2030.

We have a $4.0 billion uncommitted line of credit with HSBC North America. The available borrowing capacity under this facility is fungible between HSBC USA, HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. ("HSI") and HSBC North America, but total borrowings cannot collectively exceed $4.0 billion at any time. We had no outstanding borrowing under this credit facility at either ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 or December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

We ~~have~~ also ~~incurred~~incur short-term borrowings with certain affiliates. In addition, certain affiliates have placed deposits with us.

Lending and Derivative Related Arrangements Extended to HSBC Affiliates:

At ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, we had the following loan balances outstanding with HSBC affiliates:


		June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(in millions)					(in millions)

HMUS and subsidiaries	HMUS and subsidiaries	$	2,196	$	1,576	HMUS and subsidiaries	$	1,517	$	2,243

HSBC North America	HSBC North America	1,250		1,000		HSBC North America	1,550		1,250

Other short-term affiliate lending	Other short-term affiliate lending	11		217		Other short-term affiliate lending	342		64
Total loans	Total loans	$	3,457	$	2,793	Total loans	$	3,409	$	3,557

HMUS and subsidiaries We have extended loans and lines of credit, some of them uncommitted, to HMUS and its subsidiaries in the amount of ~~$11.9~~$12.8 billion at both ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, of which $1.5 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively, was outstanding. The maturities of the outstanding balances range from overnight to one month. Each borrowing is re-evaluated prior to its maturity date and ~~$1.6 billion,~~either extended or allowed to mature.

4844


HSBC USA Inc.

respectively, was outstanding. The maturities of the outstanding balances range from overnight to three months. Each borrowing is re-evaluated prior to its maturity date and either extended or allowed to mature.

HSBC North America Under the $4.0 billion uncommitted fungible line of credit with HSBC North America as discussed above, there was ~~$1.3~~$1.6 billion and ~~$1.0~~$1.3 billion outstanding at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. The outstanding ~~balance includes $1.0 billion that matures~~balances mature in ~~September 2022 and $250 million that matures in October 2022.~~the third quarter of 2023.

We have extended lines of credit to various other HSBC affiliates totaling $4.0 billion which did not have any outstanding balances at either ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 or December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Other short-term affiliate lending In addition to loans and lines extended to affiliates discussed above, from time to time we may extend loans to affiliates which are generally short term in nature. At ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, there were ~~$11~~$342 million and ~~$217~~$64 million, respectively, of these loans outstanding.

Derivative contracts As part of a global HSBC strategy to offset interest rate or other market risks associated with certain securities, debt issues and derivative contracts with unaffiliated third parties, we routinely enter into derivative transactions with HSBC Bank plc and other HSBC affiliates. The notional value of derivative contracts related to these transactions was approximately ~~$888.8~~$836.6 billion and ~~$753.2~~$789.2 billion at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. The net credit exposure (defined as the net fair value of derivative assets and liabilities, including any collateral received) related to the contracts was approximately ~~$53~~$82 million and ~~$127~~$24 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. We account for these transactions on a mark to market basis, with the change in value of contracts with HSBC affiliates substantially offset by the change in value of related contracts entered into with unaffiliated third parties.

Services Provided Between HSBC Affiliates:

Under multiple service level agreements, we provide services to and receive services from various HSBC affiliates. These activities are summarized in Note 24, "Related Party Transactions," in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes in these activities since December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Other Transactions with HSBC Affiliates:

At both ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, we had ~~$1,265~~$265 million of non-cumulative preferred stock issued and outstanding to HSBC North America. See Note 19, "Preferred Stock," in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K for additional details.

15. Business Segments

We have distinct businesses, which are aligned with HSBC's global business strategy: Wealth and Personal Banking ("WPB"), Commercial Banking ("CMB"), and Global Banking and Markets ("GBM"). These businesses and a Corporate Center ("CC") serve as our reportable segments with the exception of GBM. Our GBM business is comprised of three distinct operating segments: Global Banking ("GB"), Markets and Securities Services ("MSS"), and Global Banking and Markets Other ("GBM Other"), which are separately ~~reported as discussed further below, effective as of the fourth quarter of 2021 for all periods presented.~~


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

~~The following table summarizes the impact of this change on reported segment profit (loss) before tax, total assets and total deposits as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021:~~

~~As Previously Reported~~

~~After Reporting Changes~~

~~(in millions)~~

~~Segment profit (loss) before tax during the three months ended June 30, 2021:~~

~~GBM~~

~~155~~

~~NSR~~

~~168~~

~~MSS~~

~~NSR~~

~~(12)~~

~~GBM Other~~

~~NSR~~

~~(1)~~

~~Segment profit (loss) before tax during the six months ended June 30, 2021:~~

~~GBM~~

~~346~~

~~NSR~~

~~312~~

~~MSS~~

~~NSR~~

~~GBM Other~~

~~NSR~~

~~(2)~~

~~Segment total assets at June 30, 2021:~~

~~GBM~~

~~105,521~~

~~NSR~~

~~9,851~~

~~MSS~~

~~NSR~~

~~50,626~~

~~GBM Other(1)~~

~~NSR~~

~~45,044~~

~~Segment total deposits at June 30, 2021:~~

~~GBM~~

~~49,322~~

~~NSR~~

~~46,244~~

~~MSS~~

~~NSR~~

~~2,170~~

~~GBM Other~~

~~NSR~~

~~908~~

~~NSR Not Separately Reported~~

~~(1)Includes assets allocated from Markets Treasury.~~

reported. There have been no changes in the basis of our segmentation as compared with the presentation in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K.

Net interest income of each segment represents the difference between actual interest earned on assets and interest incurred on liabilities of the segment, adjusted for a funding charge or credit that includes both interest rate and liquidity components. Segments are charged a cost to fund assets (e.g., customer loans) and receive a funding credit for funds provided (e.g., customer deposits) based on equivalent market rates that incorporate both repricing (interest rate risk) and tenor (liquidity) characteristics. The objective of these charges/credits is to transfer interest rate risk to one centralized unit in Markets Treasury. Markets Treasury income statement and balance sheet results are allocated to each of the global businesses based upon tangible equity levels and levels of any surplus liabilities.

Certain other revenue and operating expense amounts are also apportioned among the business segments based upon the benefits derived from this activity or the relationship of this activity to other segment activity. These inter-segment transactions have not been eliminated, and we generally account for them as if they were with third parties.

Our segment results are presented in accordance with HSBC Group accounting and reporting policies, which apply IFRSs as issued by the IASB. As a result, our segment results are prepared and presented using financial information prepared on the Group Reporting Basis as operating results are monitored and reviewed, trends are evaluated and decisions about allocating resources, such as employees, are primarily made on this basis. We continue, however, to monitor capital adequacy and report to regulatory agencies on a U.S. GAAP basis.

There have been no changes in the measurement of segment profit as compared with the presentation in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K.

A summary of significant differences between U.S. GAAP and the Group Reporting Basis as they impact our results are summarized in Note 25, "Business Segments," in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes since December 31, ~~2021~~2022 in the differences between U.S. GAAP and the Group Reporting Basis impacting our results.

5045


HSBC USA Inc.

The following table summarizes the results for each segment on a Group Reporting Basis, as well as provides a reconciliation of total results under the Group Reporting Basis to U.S. GAAP consolidated totals:

Group Reporting Basis Consolidated Amounts
GBM
WPB CMB GB MSS GBM Other CC Total
Group Reporting Basis
Adjust-
ments(1)
Group Reporting Basis
Reclassi-
fications(2)
U.S. GAAP
Consolidated
Totals
(in millions)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
Net interest income (expense) $ 185 $ 220 $ 106 $ — $ 1 $ (12) $ 500 $ — $ 32 $ 532
Other operating income 32 73 130 100 26 16 377 (11) (23) 343
Total operating income 217 293 236 100 27 4 877 (11) 9 875
Expected credit losses / provision for credit losses (6) 54 (3) — 1 — 46 23 — 69
223 239 239 100 26 4 831 (34) 9 806
Operating expenses 197 143 115 80 21 115 671 13 9 693
Profit (loss) before income tax $ 26 $ 96 $ 124 $ 20 $ 5 $ (111) $ 160 $ (47) $ — $ 113
Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
Net interest income (expense) $ 205 $ 190 $ 79 $ 12 $ (5) $ (1) $ 480 $ 9 $ 34 $ 523
Other operating income 71 72 113 41 29 18 344 (11) (29) 304
Total operating income 276 262 192 53 24 17 824 (2) 5 827
Expected credit losses / provision for credit losses 1 (12) (72) — — — (83) (146) — (229)
275 274 264 53 24 17 907 144 5 1,056
Operating expenses 355 153 96 65 25 71 765 32 5 802
Profit (loss) before income tax $ (80) $ 121 $ 168 $ (12) $ (1) $ (54) $ 142 $ 112 $ — $ 254
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Net interest income (expense) $ 354 $ 405 $ 184 $ 16 $ (1) $ (13) $ 945 $ 1 $ 63 $ 1,009
Other operating income 195 156 254 242 50 8 905 (31) (45) 829
Total operating income (expense) 549 561 438 258 49 (5) 1,850 (30) 18 1,838
Expected credit losses / provision for credit losses (2) 27 (5) — 1 — 21 59 — 80
551 534 443 258 48 (5) 1,829 (89) 18 1,758
Operating expenses 439 290 232 149 45 181 1,336 25 18 1,379
Profit (loss) before income tax $ 112 $ 244 $ 211 $ 109 $ 3 $ (186) $ 493 $ (114) $ — $ 379
Balances at end of period:
Total assets $ 43,510 $ 52,351 $ 12,385 $ 40,413 $ 41,225 $ 2,314 $ 192,198 $ (20,966) $ — $ 171,232
Total loans, net 21,994 25,454 11,780 131 528 — 59,887 (890) 2,267 61,264
Goodwill — 358 — — — — 358 100 — 458
Total deposits 37,395 40,170 41,995 1,193 1,409 — 122,162 (3,434) 8,535 127,263
Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Net interest income (expense) $ 414 $ 380 $ 162 $ 25 $ (6) $ (2) $ 973 $ 13 $ 68 $ 1,054
Other operating income 158 138 218 157 54 29 754 (6) (60) 688
Total operating income 572 518 380 182 48 27 1,727 7 8 1,742
Expected credit losses / provision for credit losses (1) (50) (122) — (1) — (174) (282) — (456)
573 568 502 182 49 27 1,901 289 8 2,198
Operating expenses 642 303 190 146 51 102 1,434 42 8 1,484
Profit (loss) before income tax $ (69) $ 265 $ 312 $ 36 $ (2) $ (75) $ 467 $ 247 $ — $ 714
Balances at end of period:
Total assets $ 64,120 $ 43,360 $ 9,851 $ 50,626 $ 45,044 $ 1,820 $ 214,821 $ (19,933) $ — $ 194,888
Total loans, net 21,778 21,517 9,396 360 477 — 53,528 (2,261) 2,584 53,851
Goodwill — 358 — — — — 358 100 — 458
Total deposits 38,416 43,340 46,244 2,170 908 — 131,078 (4,213) 20,500 147,365


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~


	Group Reporting Basis Consolidated Amounts
					GBM
	WPB		CMB		GB		MSS		GBM Other		CC		Total		Group Reporting Basis Adjust- ments(1)		Group Reporting Basis Reclassi- fications(2)		U.S. GAAP Consolidated Totals
	(in millions)


















Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Net interest income (expense)	$	213	$	285	$	139	$	(68)	$	—	$	(26)	$	543	$	1	$	(61)	$	483
Other operating income	52		72		54		177		21		10		386		(7)		74		453
Total operating income (expense)	265		357		193		109		21		(16)		929		(6)		13		936
Expected credit losses / provision for credit losses	10		16		3		—		—		—		29		(9)		—		20
	255		341		190		109		21		(16)		900		3		13		916
Operating expenses	175		150		135		69		18		32		579		37		13		629
Profit (loss) before income tax	$	80	$	191	$	55	$	40	$	3	$	(48)	$	321	$	(34)	$	—	$	287
Balances at end of period:
Total assets	$	42,518	$	54,607	$	10,506	$	34,692	$	37,546	$	2,496	$	182,365	$	(15,815)	$	—	$	166,550
Total loans, net	22,429		24,793		9,812		507		273		—		57,814		(747)		1,807		58,874
Goodwill	—		358		—		—		—		—		358		100		—		458
Total deposits	31,166		43,229		40,422		1,260		1,378		—		117,455		(2,022)		6,735		122,168

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Net interest income (expense)	$	169	$	185	$	78	$	16	$	(2)	$	(1)	$	445	$	1	$	31	$	477
Other operating income	163		83		124		142		24		(8)		528		(20)		(22)		486
Total operating income (expense)	332		268		202		158		22		(9)		973		(19)		9		963
Expected credit losses / provision for credit losses	4		(27)		(2)		—		—		—		(25)		36		—		11
	328		295		204		158		22		(9)		998		(55)		9		952
Operating expenses	242		147		117		69		24		66		665		12		9		686
Profit (loss) before income tax	$	86	$	148	$	87	$	89	$	(2)	$	(75)	$	333	$	(67)	$	—	$	266
Balances at end of period:
Total assets	$	46,143	$	52,519	$	10,988	$	39,648	$	44,165	$	2,030	$	195,493	$	(18,477)	$	—	$	177,016
Total loans, net	21,675		23,484		10,533		194		1,219		—		57,105		(1,566)		2,604		58,143
Goodwill	—		358		—		—		—		—		358		100		—		458
Total deposits	40,217		40,746		43,355		1,358		743		—		126,419		(2,821)		7,577		131,175

(1)Represents adjustments associated with differences between U.S. GAAP and the Group Reporting Basis.

(2)Represents differences in financial statement presentation between U.S. GAAP and the Group Reporting Basis.


HSBC USA Inc.

16. Retained Earnings and Regulatory Capital Requirements

Bank dividends are one of the sources of funds used for payment of shareholder dividends and other HSBC USA cash needs. Approval from the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ("OCC") is required if the total of all dividends HSBC Bank USA declares in any year exceeds the cumulative net income for that year, combined with the net income for the two preceding years reduced by dividends attributable to those years. OCC approval also is required for a reduction of permanent capital of HSBC Bank USA. Under a separate restriction, payment of dividends is prohibited in amounts greater than undivided profits then on hand, after deducting actual losses and bad debts. Bad debts are debts due and unpaid for a period of six months unless well secured, as defined, and in the process of collection.

We are subject to regulatory capital rules issued by U.S. banking regulators including Basel III (the "Basel III rule"). A bank or bank holding company's failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory actions and possibly additional discretionary actions by its regulators. The following table summarizes the capital amounts and ratios of HSBC USA and HSBC Bank USA, calculated in accordance with the Basel III rule at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


		June 30, 2022							December 31, 2021								March 31, 2023							December 31, 2022
		Capital Amount		Well-Capitalized Ratio(1)			Actual Ratio		Capital Amount		Well-Capitalized Ratio(1)			Actual Ratio			Capital Amount		Well-Capitalized Ratio(1)			Actual Ratio		Capital Amount		Well-Capitalized Ratio(1)			Actual Ratio
		(dollars are in millions)															(dollars are in millions)
Common equity Tier 1 ratio:	Common equity Tier 1 ratio:															Common equity Tier 1 ratio:
HSBC USA	HSBC USA	$	15,729	4.5	%	(2)	15.0	%	$	15,341	4.5	%	(2)	15.1	%	HSBC USA	$	14,163	4.5	%	(2)	13.8	%	$	13,950	4.5	%	(2)	13.5	%
HSBC Bank USA	HSBC Bank USA	18,137		6.5			17.6		17,665		6.5			17.6		HSBC Bank USA	16,787		6.5			16.6		16,492		6.5			16.3
Tier 1 capital ratio:	Tier 1 capital ratio:															Tier 1 capital ratio:
HSBC USA	HSBC USA	16,994		6.0			16.2		16,606		6.0			16.3		HSBC USA	14,428		6.0			14.1		14,215		6.0			13.8
HSBC Bank USA	HSBC Bank USA	20,637		8.0			20.1		20,165		8.0			20.1		HSBC Bank USA	18,287		8.0			18.1		17,992		8.0			17.8
Total capital ratio:	Total capital ratio:															Total capital ratio:
HSBC USA	HSBC USA	19,255		10.0			18.4		18,821		10.0			18.5		HSBC USA	16,805		10.0			16.4		16,579		10.0			16.1
HSBC Bank USA	HSBC Bank USA	22,673		10.0			22.0		22,157		10.0			22.1		HSBC Bank USA	20,419		10.0			20.2		20,114		10.0			19.9
Tier 1 leverage ratio:	Tier 1 leverage ratio:															Tier 1 leverage ratio:
HSBC USA	HSBC USA	16,994		4.0		(2)	9.8		16,606		4.0		(2)	8.5		HSBC USA	14,428		4.0		(2)	8.6		14,215		4.0		(2)	8.5
HSBC Bank USA	HSBC Bank USA	20,637		5.0			12.1		20,165		5.0			10.5		HSBC Bank USA	18,287		5.0			11.1		17,992		5.0			10.9

Risk-weighted assets:(3)	Risk-weighted assets:(3)															Risk-weighted assets:(3)
HSBC USA	HSBC USA	104,674							101,827							HSBC USA	102,442							103,101
HSBC Bank USA	HSBC Bank USA	102,877							100,363							HSBC Bank USA	101,205							101,331
Adjusted quarterly average assets:(4)	Adjusted quarterly average assets:(4)															Adjusted quarterly average assets:(4)
HSBC USA	HSBC USA	173,191							194,469							HSBC USA	168,610							167,866
HSBC Bank USA	HSBC Bank USA	170,178							192,521							HSBC Bank USA	165,190							164,564

(1)HSBC USA and HSBC Bank USA are categorized as "well-capitalized," as defined by their principal regulators. To be categorized as well-capitalized under regulatory guidelines, a banking institution must maintain capital equal to or in excess of the ratios reflected in the above table, and must not be subject to a directive, order, or written agreement to meet and maintain specific capital levels.

(2)There are no common equity Tier 1 or Tier 1 leverage ratio components in the definition of a well-capitalized bank holding company. The ratios shown are the regulatory minimums.

(3)Calculated using the Standardized Approach.

(4)Represents the Tier 1 leverage ratio denominator which reflects quarterly average assets adjusted for amounts permitted to be deducted from Tier 1 capital.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the federal banking agencies issued a final rule that provided the option to transition in the regulatory capital impacts of the current expected credit loss accounting standard over a five-year period. In 2020, HSBC North America and HSBC Bank USA elected the five-year transition option and, as a result, our capital ratios were being reported in accordance with the transition rules in the final rule. However, as of December 31, 2021, there was no remaining

5247


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~~impact to regulatory capital under the transition rules and, therefore, there are no amounts being phased into regulatory capital in subsequent periods.~~

17. Variable Interest Entities

In the ordinary course of business, we have organized special purpose entities ("SPEs") primarily to structure financial products to meet our clients' investment needs, to facilitate clients to access and raise financing from capital markets and to securitize financial assets held to meet our own funding needs. For disclosure purposes, we aggregate SPEs based on the purpose, risk characteristics and business activities of the SPEs. An SPE is a VIE if it lacks sufficient equity investment at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or, as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk lack either a) the power through voting or similar rights to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impacts the entity's economic performance; or b) the obligation to absorb the entity's expected losses, the right to receive the expected residual returns, or both.

Variable Interest Entities We consolidate VIEs in which we hold a controlling financial interest as evidenced by the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE and therefore are deemed to be the primary beneficiary. We take into account our entire involvement in a VIE (explicit or implicit) in identifying variable interests that individually or in the aggregate could be significant enough to warrant our designation as the primary beneficiary and hence require us to consolidate the VIE or otherwise require us to make appropriate disclosures. We consider our involvement to be potentially significant where we, among other things, (i) enter into derivative contracts to absorb the risks and benefits from the VIE or from the assets held by the VIE; (ii) provide a financial guarantee that covers assets held or liabilities issued by a VIE; (iii) sponsor the VIE in that we design, organize and structure the transaction; and (iv) retain a financial or servicing interest in the VIE.

We are required to evaluate whether to consolidate a VIE when we first become involved and on an ongoing basis. In almost all cases, a qualitative analysis of our involvement in the entity provides sufficient evidence to determine whether we are the primary beneficiary. In rare cases, a more detailed analysis to quantify the extent of variability to be absorbed by each variable interest holder is required to determine the primary beneficiary.

Consolidated VIEs The following table summarizes assets and liabilities related to our consolidated VIEs at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 which are consolidated on our balance sheet. Assets and liabilities exclude intercompany balances that eliminate in consolidation.


		June 30, 2022				December 31, 2021					March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
		Consolidated Assets		Consolidated Liabilities		Consolidated Assets		Consolidated Liabilities			Consolidated Assets		Consolidated Liabilities		Consolidated Assets		Consolidated Liabilities
		(in millions)									(in millions)
Low income housing limited liability partnership:	Low income housing limited liability partnership:									Low income housing limited liability partnership:
Other assets	Other assets	$	44	$	—	$	54	$	—	Other assets	$	33	$	—	$	36	$	—

Interest, taxes and other liabilities	Interest, taxes and other liabilities	—		25		—		7		Interest, taxes and other liabilities	—		11		—		14
Subtotal	Subtotal	44		25		54		7		Subtotal	33		11		36		14
Venture debt financing entity:	Venture debt financing entity:									Venture debt financing entity:
Loans		118		—		46		—
Loans, net										Loans, net	140		—		162		—
Other assets	Other assets	2		—		1		—		Other assets	8		—		8		—
Interest, taxes and other liabilities	Interest, taxes and other liabilities	—		3		—		2		Interest, taxes and other liabilities	—		7		—		8
Subtotal	Subtotal	120		3		47		2		Subtotal	148		7		170		8
Total	Total	$	164	$	28	$	101	$	9	Total	$	181	$	18	$	206	$	22

Low income housing limited liability partnership In 2009, all low income housing investments held by us at the time were transferred to a Limited Liability Partnership ("LLP") ~~in exchange for debt and equity while a third party invested cash for an equity interest that was mandatorily redeemable.~~. The LLP was created in order to ensure the utilization of future tax benefits from these low income housing tax projects. The LLP was deemed to be a VIE asbecause it does not have sufficient equity investment at risk to finance its activities. Upon entering into this transaction, we concluded that we were the primary beneficiary of the LLP due to the nature of our continuing involvement and, as a result, we ~~consolidated~~consolidate the LLP and ~~reported the equity interest issued to the third party investor in long-term debt and~~report the assets of the LLP in other assets on our consolidated balance sheet. The investments held by the LLP represent equity investments in the underlying low income housing partnerships. The LLP does not consolidate the underlying partnerships because it does not have the power to direct the activities of the partnerships


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

that most significantly impact the economic performance of the partnerships. ~~In 2019, the equity interest issued to the third party investor was redeemed.~~

We amortize our low income housing investments in proportion to the allocated tax benefits under the proportional amortization method and present the associated tax benefits net of investment amortization in income tax expense.


HSBC USA Inc.

Venture debt financing entity HSBC USA has organized and provided equity financing to HSBC Ventures USA Inc. ("HSBC Ventures"), an entity designed to provide debt financing to venture capital-backed companies generally in the form of term or revolving loans, or loan commitments. Given the generally early stage and development of the companies, the loans are typically collateralized by all of the company's assets and intellectual property, or by specific items such as receivables or equipment. The loan terms may, at times, also include warrants for company stock granting HSBC Ventures a share of the financial returns in case of a positive realization event. HSBC USA also provides debt financing to HSBC Ventures in the form of loans on an as-needed basis. HSBC Ventures is a VIE because it does not have sufficient equity investment at risk to finance its activities. As the sole investor, HSBC USA is considered to be the primary beneficiary because it has the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive benefits that could be potentially significant to HSBC Ventures. As a result, we consolidate HSBC Ventures and report the third party loans and warrants, if any, on our consolidated balance sheet.

Unconsolidated VIEs We also have variable interests in other VIEs that are not consolidated because we are not the primary beneficiary. The following table provides additional information on these unconsolidated VIEs, including the variable interests held by us and our maximum exposure to loss arising from our involvement in these VIEs, at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


		Total Assets Held by Unconsolidated VIEs		Carrying Value of Variable Interests Held Reported as				Maximum Exposure to Loss			Total Assets Held by Unconsolidated VIEs		Carrying Value of Variable Interests Held Reported as				Maximum Exposure to Loss
				Assets		Liabilities							Assets		Liabilities
		(in millions)									(in millions)
At June 30, 2022
At March 31, 2023										At March 31, 2023

Limited partnership investments	Limited partnership investments	$	6,404	$	846	$	407	$	846	Limited partnership investments	$	6,517	$	789	$	372	$	789
Asset-backed financing SPE	Asset-backed financing SPE	973		812		—		812		Asset-backed financing SPE	777		614		—		614
Total	Total	$	7,377	$	1,658	$	407	$	1,658	Total	$	7,294	$	1,403	$	372	$	1,403
At December 31, 2021
At December 31, 2022										At December 31, 2022

Limited partnership investments	Limited partnership investments	$	6,700	$	825	$	407	$	825	Limited partnership investments	$	6,611	$	796	$	360	$	796
Asset-backed financing SPE	Asset-backed financing SPE	1,033		873		—		873		Asset-backed financing SPE	777		616		—		616
Total	Total	$	7,733	$	1,698	$	407	$	1,698	Total	$	7,388	$	1,412	$	360	$	1,412

Information on the types of VIEs with which we are involved, the nature of our involvement and the variable interests held in those entities is presented below.

Limited partnership investments We invest as a limited partner in partnerships that operate qualified affordable housing, renewable energy and community development projects. The returns of these investments are generated primarily from the tax benefits, including Federal tax credits and tax deductions from operating losses in the project companies. In addition, some of the investments help us comply with the Community Reinvestment Act. Certain limited partnership structures are considered to be VIEs because either (a) they do not have sufficient equity investment at risk or (b) the limited partners with equity at risk do not have substantive kick-out rights through voting rights or substantive participating rights over the general partner. As a limited partner, we are not the primary beneficiary of the VIEs and do not consolidate them. Our investments in these partnerships are recorded in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The maximum exposure to loss shown in the table above represents our recorded investments as well as any outstanding funding commitments extended to the partnerships.

Asset-backed financing SPE ~~During~~In 2021, we sold a portfolio of commercial real estate loans and provided a loan to the third-party buyer sponsored SPE for a portion of the purchase price. The SPE is an asset-backed financing entity that issued residual beneficial interests to third-party investors. The loan we provided to the SPE is senior to the residual beneficial interests and is secured by the commercial real estate loans held by the SPE. Cash flows from the commercial real estate loans will be used first to settle the interest and principal payments of the loan, with any excess cash flows attributable to the residual interest holders. The SPE is a VIE in which we have a variable interest through our ownership of the loan, which is an arm’s-length transaction. We do not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance. In addition, the VIE is designed such that the residual interest holders absorb any expected loss and/or benefit that could be potentially significant to the VIE and, therefore, we are not the primary beneficiary. The maximum exposure to loss shown in the table above represents our recorded investment in the loan without consideration of any recovery benefits from the value of the commercial real estate loans.


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

Third-party sponsored securitization entities We invest in asset-backed securities issued by third-party sponsored securitization entities which may be considered VIEs. The investments are transacted at arm's-length and decisions to invest are based on a credit analysis of the underlying collateral assets or the issuer. We are a passive investor in these issuers and do not have the power to direct the activities of these issuers. As such, we do not consolidate these securitization entities. Additionally, we do not have other involvements in servicing or managing the collateral assets or provide financial or liquidity support to these issuers which potentially give rise to risk of loss exposure. These investments are an integral part of the disclosure in Note 4, ~~"Trading~~


HSBC USA Inc.

"Trading Assets and Liabilities," Note 5, "Securities," and Note 19, "Fair Value Measurements," and, therefore, are not disclosed in this note to avoid redundancy.

In addition to the above, we have established and manage money market funds and non-money market mutual funds to provide customers with investment opportunities. As fund manager, we may be entitled to receive management fees based on the assets under management. We do not consolidate the funds because we do not absorb the majority of the expected future risk associated with the fund's assets, including interest rate, liquidity, credit and other relevant risks that are expected to affect the value of the assets.

18. Guarantee Arrangements, Pledged Assets and Repurchase Agreements

Guarantee Arrangements As part of our normal operations, we enter into credit derivatives and various off-balance sheet guarantee arrangements with affiliates and third parties. These arrangements arise principally in connection with our lending and client intermediation activities and include standby letters of credit and certain credit derivative transactions. The contractual amounts of these arrangements represent our maximum possible credit exposure in the event that we are required to fulfill the maximum obligation under the contractual terms of the guarantee.

The following table presents total carrying value and contractual amounts of our sell protection credit derivatives and major off-balance sheet guarantee arrangements at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. Following the table is a description of the various arrangements.


		June 30, 2022				December 31, 2021					March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
		Carrying Value		Notional / Maximum Exposure to Loss		Carrying Value		Notional / Maximum Exposure to Loss			Carrying Value		Notional / Maximum Exposure to Loss		Carrying Value		Notional / Maximum Exposure to Loss
		(in millions)									(in millions)
Credit derivatives(1)(2)	Credit derivatives(1)(2)	$	(52)	$	3,695	$	7	$	2,174	Credit derivatives(1)(2)	$	54	$	6,229	$	40	$	3,949
Financial standby letters of credit, net of participations(3)(4)	Financial standby letters of credit, net of participations(3)(4)	—		5,484		—		5,339		Financial standby letters of credit, net of participations(3)(4)	—		5,884		—		6,000
Performance standby letters of credit, net of participations(3)(4)	Performance standby letters of credit, net of participations(3)(4)	—		3,045		—		2,961		Performance standby letters of credit, net of participations(3)(4)	—		3,235		—		3,264
Total	Total	$	(52)	$	12,224	$	7	$	10,474	Total	$	54	$	15,348	$	40	$	13,213

(1)Includes ~~$1,883~~$3,688 million and ~~$1,591~~$2,744 million of notional issued for the benefit of HSBC affiliates at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

(2)For credit derivatives, the maximum loss is represented by the notional amounts without consideration of mitigating effects from collateral or recourse arrangements.

(3)Includes ~~$1,981~~$2,058 million and ~~$1,969~~$2,069 million of both financial and performance standby letters of credit issued for the benefit of HSBC affiliates at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

(4)For standby letters of credit, maximum loss represents losses to be recognized assuming the letters of credit have been fully drawn and the obligors have defaulted with zero recovery.

Credit-Risk Related Guarantees

Credit derivatives Credit derivatives are financial instruments that transfer the credit risk of a reference obligation from the credit protection buyer to the credit protection seller who is exposed to the credit risk without buying the reference obligation. We sell credit protection on underlying reference obligations (such as loans or securities) by entering into credit derivatives, primarily in the form of credit default swaps, with various institutions. We account for all credit derivatives at fair value. Where we sell credit protection to a counterparty that holds the reference obligation, the arrangement is effectively a financial guarantee on the reference obligation. Under a credit derivative contract, the credit protection seller will reimburse the credit protection buyer upon occurrence of a credit event (such as bankruptcy, insolvency, restructuring or failure to meet payment obligations when due) as defined in the derivative contract, in return for a periodic premium. Upon occurrence of a credit event, we will pay the counterparty the stated notional amount of the derivative contract and receive the underlying reference obligation. The recovery value of the reference obligation received could be significantly lower than its notional principal amount when a credit event occurs.


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

Certain derivative contracts are subject to master netting arrangements and related collateral agreements. A party to a derivative contract may demand that the counterparty post additional collateral in the event its net exposure exceeds certain predetermined limits and when the credit rating falls below a certain grade. We set the collateral requirements by counterparty such that the collateral covers various transactions and products, and is not allocated to specific individual contracts.


HSBC USA Inc.

We manage our exposure to credit derivatives using a variety of risk mitigation strategies where we enter into offsetting hedge positions or transfer the economic risks, in part or in entirety, to investors through the issuance of structured credit products. We actively manage the credit and market risk exposure in the credit derivative portfolios on a net basis and, as such, retain no or a limited net position at any time. The following table summarizes our net credit derivative positions at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


		June 30, 2022				December 31, 2021					March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
		Carrying / Fair Value		Notional		Carrying / Fair Value		Notional			Carrying / Fair Value		Notional		Carrying / Fair Value		Notional
		(in millions)									(in millions)
Sell-protection credit derivative positions	Sell-protection credit derivative positions	$	(52)	$	3,695	$	7	$	2,174	Sell-protection credit derivative positions	$	54	$	6,229	$	40	$	3,949
Buy-protection credit derivative positions	Buy-protection credit derivative positions	44		7,924		(62)		4,849		Buy-protection credit derivative positions	(65)		12,070		(32)		14,598
Net position(1)	Net position(1)	$	(8)	$	4,229	$	(55)	$	2,675	Net position(1)	$	(11)	$	5,841	$	8	$	10,649

(1)Positions are presented net in the table above to provide a complete analysis of our risk exposure and depict the way we manage our credit derivative portfolio. The offset of the sell-protection credit derivatives against the buy-protection credit derivatives may not be legally binding in the absence of master netting agreements with the same counterparty. Furthermore, the credit loss triggering events for individual sell-protection credit derivatives may not be the same or occur in the same period as those of the buy-protection credit derivatives thereby not providing an exact offset.

Standby letters of credit A standby letter of credit is issued to a third party for the benefit of a client and is a guarantee that the client will perform or satisfy certain obligations under a contract. It irrevocably obligates us to pay a specified amount to the third party beneficiary if the client fails to perform the contractual obligation. We issue two types of standby letters of credit: performance and financial. A performance standby letter of credit is issued where the client is required to perform some non-financial contractual obligation, such as the performance of a specific act, whereas a financial standby letter of credit is issued where the client's contractual obligation is of a financial nature, such as the repayment of a loan or debt instrument.

The issuance of a standby letter of credit is subject to our credit approval process and collateral requirements. We charge fees for issuing letters of credit commensurate with the client's credit evaluation and the nature of any collateral. Included in other liabilities are deferred fees on standby letters of credit amounting to ~~$50~~$53 million and ~~$51~~$52 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. Also included in other liabilities is an allowance for credit losses on unfunded standby letters of credit of ~~$12~~$30 million and ~~$14~~$15 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

The following table summarizes the credit ratings related to guarantees including the ratings of counterparties against which we sold credit protection and financial standby letters of credit at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 as an indicative proxy of payment risk:


		Average Life (in years)	Credit Ratings of the Obligors							Average Life (in years)	Credit Ratings of the Obligors
Notional/Contractual Amounts	Notional/Contractual Amounts		Investment Grade		Non-Investment Grade		Total		Notional/Contractual Amounts		Investment Grade		Non-Investment Grade		Total
			(dollars are in millions)								(dollars are in millions)
Sell-protection Credit Derivatives(1)	Sell-protection Credit Derivatives(1)								Sell-protection Credit Derivatives(1)
Single name credit default swaps (CDS)		2.1	$	966	$	704	$	1,670
Single name credit default swaps									Single name credit default swaps	1.3	$	1,372	$	557	$	1,929

Index credit derivatives	Index credit derivatives	6.6	766		1,259		2,025		Index credit derivatives	5.4	2,525		1,775		4,300

Subtotal	Subtotal		1,732		1,963		3,695		Subtotal		3,897		2,332		6,229
Standby Letters of Credit(2)	Standby Letters of Credit(2)	1.1	6,575		1,954		8,529		Standby Letters of Credit(2)	0.9	6,631		2,488		9,119
Total	Total		$	8,307	$	3,917	$	12,224	Total		$	10,528	$	4,820	$	15,348

(1)The credit ratings in the table represent external credit ratings for classification as investment grade and non-investment grade.

(2)External ratings for most of the obligors are not available. Presented above are the internal credit ratings which are developed using similar methodologies and rating scale equivalent to external credit ratings for purposes of classification as investment grade and non-investment grade.

Our internal credit ratings are determined based on HSBC's risk rating systems and processes which assign a credit grade based on a scale which ranks the risk of default of a client. The credit grades are assigned and used for managing risk and determining level of credit exposure appetite based on the client's operating performance, liquidity, capital structure and debt service ability. In addition, we also incorporate subjective judgments into the risk rating process concerning such things as industry trends, comparison of performance to industry peers and perceived quality of management. We compare our internal risk ratings to


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

outside external rating agency benchmarks, where possible, at the time of formal review and regularly monitor whether our risk ratings are comparable to the external ratings benchmark data.

A non-investment grade rating of a referenced obligor has a negative impact to the fair value of the credit derivative and increases the likelihood that we will be required to perform under the credit derivative contract. We employ market-based parameters and, where possible, use the observable credit spreads of the referenced obligors as measurement inputs in


HSBC USA Inc.

determining the fair value of the credit derivatives. We believe that such market parameters are more indicative of the current status of payment/performance risk than external ratings by the rating agencies which may not be forward-looking in nature and, as a result, lag behind those market-based indicators.

Non Credit-Risk Related Guarantees and Other Arrangements

Visa covered litigation In 2008, we received Class B Shares as part of Visa's initial public offering ("IPO"). Pursuant to the IPO, we, along with all the other Class B shareholders, agreed to indemnify Visa for the claims and obligations arising from certain specific covered litigation. The Class B Shares are not eligible to be converted into publicly traded Class A Shares until settlement of the covered litigation described in Note 30, "Litigation and Regulatory ~~Matters,"~~Matters" in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K. Accordingly, the Class B Shares are considered restricted and are only transferable under limited circumstances, which include transfers to other Class B shareholders.

In 2016 and 2017, we sold substantially all of our Visa Class B Shares to a third party. Under the terms of the sale agreements, we entered into swap agreements with the purchaser to retain the litigation risk associated with the Class B Shares sold until the related litigation is settled and the Class B Shares can be converted into Class A Shares. These swaps had a carrying value of ~~$54~~$27 million and $38 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. The swap agreements we entered into with the purchaser require us to (a) make periodic payments, calculated by reference to the market price of Class A Shares and (b) make or receive payments based on subsequent changes in the conversion rate of Class B Shares into Class A Shares. We have entered into a total return swap position to economically hedge the periodic payments made under these swap agreements. The payments under the derivative will continue until the Class B Shares are able to be converted into Class A Shares. The fair value of the swap agreements is estimated using a discounted cash flow methodology and is dependent upon the final resolution of the related litigation. Changes in fair value between periods are recognized in other income (loss). In the second quarter of 2022, we recorded a loss of $31 million related to an increase in the expected timing of the final resolution of the related litigation and, to a lesser extent, a change in the Visa Class B Share conversion rate. See Note 10, "Derivative Financial Instruments," for further information.

Clearing houses and exchanges We are a member of various exchanges and clearing houses that trade and clear securities and/or derivatives contracts. Under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, members of a clearing house may be required to contribute to a guaranty fund to backstop members' obligations to the clearing house. As a member, we may be required to pay a proportionate share of the financial obligations of another member who defaults on its obligations to the exchange or the clearing house. Our guarantee obligations would arise only if the exchange or clearing house had exhausted its resources. Any potential contingent liability under these membership agreements cannot be estimated.

Lease Obligations We are obligated under a number of noncancellable operating leases for premises and equipment. See Note 12, "Leases," in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K for a full discussion of our leases, including a maturity analysis of our operating lease liabilities. During the second quarter of 2022, we entered into a new 20-year operating lease agreement to relocate our U.S. headquarters to 66 Hudson Boulevard, New York, New York. The lease contains certain renewal and termination options and is expected to commence in the first quarter of 2024. We currently expect to record a lease ROU asset and a corresponding operating lease liability of approximately $230 million upon commencement of the lease.

Mortgage Loan Repurchase Obligations We originate and sell mortgage loans to third parties and provide various representations and warranties related to, among other things, the ownership of the loans, the validity of the liens, the loan selection and origination process, and the compliance to the origination criteria established by the government agencies. In the event of a breach of our representations and warranties, we may be obligated to repurchase the loans with identified defects or to indemnify the buyers. Our contractual obligation arises only when the breach of representations and warranties are discovered and repurchase is demanded.

In estimating our repurchase liability arising from breaches of representations and warranties, we consider historical losses on residual risks not covered by settlement agreements adjusted for any risk factors not captured in the historical losses as well as the level of outstanding repurchase demands received. Outstanding repurchase demands received were immaterial at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Our estimated repurchase liability for obligations arising from the breach of representations and warranties associated with mortgage loans sold was ~~$12 million and $3~~$15 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~both March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021, respectively.~~2022. Our repurchase liability represents our best estimate of the loss that has been incurred, including interest, arising from breaches of representations and warranties associated with mortgage loans sold. Because the level of mortgage loan repurchase losses is


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

dependent upon economic factors, investor demand strategies and other external risk factors such as housing market trends that may change, the level of the liability for mortgage loan repurchase losses requires significant judgment. We continue to evaluate our methods of determining the best estimate of loss based on recent trends. As these estimates are influenced by factors outside our control, there is uncertainty inherent in these estimates making it reasonably possible that they could change. The range of reasonably possible losses in excess of our recorded repurchase liability is between zero and $30 million at ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. This estimated range of reasonably possible losses was determined primarily based upon modifying the assumptions utilized in our best estimate of probable losses to reflect what we believe to be reasonably possible adverse assumptions.

Securitization Activity In addition to the repurchase risk described above, we have also been involved as a sponsor/seller of loans used to facilitate whole loan securitizations underwritten by our affiliate, HSI. In this regard, we began acquiring residential mortgage loans in 2005 which were warehoused on our balance sheet with the intent of selling them to HSI to


HSBC USA Inc.

facilitate HSI's whole loan securitization program which was discontinued in 2007. During 2005-2007, we purchased and sold $24 billion of such loans to HSI which were subsequently securitized and sold by HSI to third parties. See "Mortgage Securitization Matters" in Note 30, "Litigation and Regulatory Matters," in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K for additional discussion of related exposure. The outstanding principal balance on these loans was approximately ~~$2.6 billion and $2.7~~$2.5 billion at ~~June 30, 2022~~both March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021, respectively.~~2022.

Pledged Assets

Pledged assets included in the consolidated balance sheet consisted of the following:


		June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(in millions)					(in millions)
Interest bearing deposits with banks(1)	Interest bearing deposits with banks(1)	$	934	$	563	Interest bearing deposits with banks(1)	$	649	$	878
Trading assets(2)	Trading assets(2)	1,559		1,773		Trading assets(2)	1,877		1,255
Securities available-for-sale(3)	Securities available-for-sale(3)	4,874		7,618		Securities available-for-sale(3)	3,296		3,179
Securities held-to-maturity(3)	Securities held-to-maturity(3)	423		599		Securities held-to-maturity(3)	444		466
Loans(4)	Loans(4)	16,716		17,777		Loans(4)	17,693		17,530
Other assets(5)	Other assets(5)	1,637		1,211		Other assets(5)	1,212		1,319
Total	Total	$	26,143	$	29,541	Total	$	25,171	$	24,627

(1)Represents gross amount of cash on deposit with banks primarily related to derivative collateral-support agreements, of which a majority has been netted against derivative liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.

(2)Trading assets are primarily pledged against liabilities associated with repurchase agreements.

(3)Securities are primarily pledged against derivatives, public fund deposits, trust deposits and various short-term and long term borrowings, as well as providing capacity for potential secured borrowings from the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

(4)Loans are primarily residential mortgage loans pledged against current and potential borrowings from the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

(5)Represents gross amount of cash on deposit with non-banks primarily related to derivative collateral support agreements, of which a majority has been netted against derivative liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.

Debt securities pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements that can be sold or repledged by the secured party continue to be reported on the consolidated balance sheet. The fair value of securities available-for-sale that could be sold or repledged was ~~$991~~$25 million and ~~$2,410~~$55 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. The fair value of trading assets that could be sold or repledged was ~~$1,559~~$1,877 million and ~~$1,749~~$1,255 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

The fair value of collateral we accepted under security resale agreements but was not reported on the consolidated balance sheet was ~~$9,184~~$24,241 million and ~~$12,848~~$27,913 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. Of this collateral, ~~$9,084~~$23,666 million and ~~$12,848~~$25,838 million could be sold or repledged at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, of which ~~$2,158~~$549 million and ~~$538~~$3,290 million, respectively, had been sold or repledged as collateral under repurchase agreements or to cover short sales.

Repurchase Agreements

We enter into purchases of securities under agreements to resell (resale agreements) and sales of securities under agreements to repurchase (repurchase agreements) identical or substantially the same securities. Resale and repurchase agreements are accounted for as secured lending and secured borrowing transactions, respectively.

Repurchase agreements may require us to deposit cash or other collateral with the lender. In connection with resale agreements, it is our policy to obtain possession of collateral, which may include the securities purchased, with market value in excess of the principal amount loaned. The market value of the collateral subject to the resale and repurchase agreements is regularly


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

monitored, and additional collateral is obtained or provided when appropriate, to ensure appropriate collateral coverage of these secured financing transactions.


HSBC USA Inc.

The following table provides information about resale and repurchase agreements that are subject to offset at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


								Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Balance Sheet													Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Balance Sheet
		Gross Amounts Recognized		Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet(1)		Net Amounts Presented in the Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments(2)		Cash Collateral Received / Pledged		Net Amount(3)			Gross Amounts Recognized		Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet(1)		Net Amounts Presented in the Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments(2)		Cash Collateral Received / Pledged		Net Amount(3)
		(in millions)													(in millions)
At June 30, 2022
At March 31, 2023														At March 31, 2023
Assets:	Assets:													Assets:
Securities purchased under resale agreements	Securities purchased under resale agreements	$	9,263	$	4,322	$	4,941	$	4,906	$	33	$	2	Securities purchased under resale agreements	$	24,169	$	2,448	$	21,721	$	21,717	$	—	$	4
Liabilities:	Liabilities:													Liabilities:
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	Securities sold under repurchase agreements	$	4,786	$	4,322	$	464	$	460	$	4	$	—	Securities sold under repurchase agreements	$	2,448	$	2,448	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

At December 31, 2021
At December 31, 2022														At December 31, 2022
Assets:	Assets:													Assets:
Securities purchased under resale agreements	Securities purchased under resale agreements	$	12,871	$	2,357	$	10,514	$	10,464	$	50	$	—	Securities purchased under resale agreements	$	27,795	$	4,710	$	23,085	$	23,082	$	—	$	3
Liabilities:	Liabilities:													Liabilities:
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	Securities sold under repurchase agreements	$	4,672	$	2,357	$	2,315	$	2,315	$	—	$	—	Securities sold under repurchase agreements	$	4,710	$	4,710	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

(1)Represents recognized amount of resale and repurchase agreements with counterparties subject to legally enforceable netting agreements that meet the applicable netting criteria as permitted by generally accepted accounting principles.

(2)Represents securities received or pledged to cover financing transaction exposures.

(3)Represents the amount of our exposure that is not collateralized / covered by pledged collateral.

The following table provides the class of collateral pledged and remaining contractual maturity of repurchase agreements accounted for as secured borrowings at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


		Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days		31 to 90 Days		91 Days to One Year		Greater Than One Year		Total			Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days		31 to 90 Days		91 Days to One Year		Greater Than One Year		Total
		(in millions)													(in millions)
At June 30, 2022
At March 31, 2023														At March 31, 2023
U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government sponsored and U.S. Government agency securities	U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government sponsored and U.S. Government agency securities	$	2,572	$	1,315	$	237	$	662	$	—	$	4,786	U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government sponsored and U.S. Government agency securities	$	398	$	898	$	830	$	322	$	—	$	2,448

At December 31, 2021
At December 31, 2022														At December 31, 2022
U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government sponsored and U.S. Government agency securities	U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government sponsored and U.S. Government agency securities	$	—	$	3,442	$	1,151	$	79	$	—	$	4,672	U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government sponsored and U.S. Government agency securities	$	2,729	$	1,074	$	386	$	521	$	—	$	4,710

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19. Fair Value Measurements

Accounting principles related to fair value measurements provide a framework for measuring fair value that focuses on the exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal market (or in the absence of the principal market, the most advantageous market) accessible in an orderly transaction between willing market participants (the "Fair Value Framework"). Where required by the applicable accounting standards, assets and liabilities are measured at fair value using the "highest and best use" valuation premise. Fair value measurement guidance clarifies that financial instruments do not have alternative use and, as such, the fair value of financial instruments should be determined using an "in-exchange" valuation premise. However, the fair value measurement guidance provides a valuation exception and permits an entity to measure the fair value of a group of financial assets and financial liabilities with offsetting credit risks and/or market risks based on the exit price it would receive or pay to transfer the net risk exposure of a group of assets or liabilities if certain conditions are met. We elected to apply the measurement exception to a group of derivative instruments with offsetting credit risks and market risks, which primarily relate to interest rate, foreign currency, debt and equity price risk, and commodity price risk as of the reporting date.

Fair Value Adjustments The best evidence of fair value is quoted market price in an actively traded market, where available. In the event listed price or market quotes are not available, valuation techniques that incorporate relevant transaction data and market parameters reflecting the attributes of the asset or liability under consideration are applied. Where applicable, fair value adjustments are made to ensure the financial instruments are appropriately recorded at fair value. The fair value adjustments reflect the risks associated with the products, contractual terms of the transactions, and the liquidity of the markets in which the transactions occur. The fair value adjustments are broadly categorized by the following major types:

Credit valuation adjustment - The credit valuation adjustment is an adjustment to a group of financial assets and financial liabilities, predominantly derivative assets and derivative liabilities, to reflect the credit quality of the parties to the transaction in arriving at fair value. A credit valuation adjustment to a financial asset is required to reflect the default risk of the counterparty. A debit valuation adjustment to a financial liability is recorded to reflect the default risk of HUSI. See "Valuation Techniques - Derivatives" below for additional details.

Liquidity risk adjustment - The liquidity risk adjustment (primarily in the form of bid-offer adjustment) reflects the cost that would be incurred to close out the market risks by hedging, disposing or unwinding the position. Valuation models generally produce mid-market values. The bid-offer adjustment is made in such a way that results in a measure that reflects the exit price that most represents the fair value of the financial asset or financial liability under consideration or, where applicable, the fair value of the net market risk exposure of a group of financial assets or financial liabilities. These adjustments relate primarily to Level 2 assets.

Model valuation adjustment - Where fair value measurements are determined using an internal valuation model based on observable and unobservable inputs, certain valuation inputs may be less readily determinable. There may be a range of possible valuation inputs that market participants may assume in determining the fair value measurement. The resultant fair value measurement has inherent measurement risk if one or more parameters are unobservable and must be estimated. An input valuation adjustment is necessary to reflect the likelihood that market participants may use different input parameters, and to mitigate the possibility of measurement error. In addition, the values derived from valuation techniques are affected by the choice of valuation model and model limitation. When different valuation techniques are available, the choice of valuation model can be subjective. Furthermore, the valuation model applied may have measurement limitations. In those cases, an additional valuation adjustment is also applied to mitigate the measurement risk. Model valuation adjustments are not material and relate primarily to Level 2 instruments.

We apply stress scenarios in determining appropriate liquidity risk and model risk adjustments for Level 3 fair values by reviewing the historical data for unobservable inputs (e.g., correlation, volatility). Some stress scenarios involve at least a 95 percent confidence interval (i.e., two standard deviations). We also utilize unobservable parameter adjustments when instruments are valued using internally developed models which reflects the uncertainty in the value estimates provided by the model.

Funding Fair Value Adjustment ("FFVA") - The FFVA reflects the estimated present value of the future market funding cost or benefit associated with funding uncollateralized derivative exposure at unsecured funding spreads. See "Valuation Techniques - Derivatives" below for additional details.

Fair Value Hierarchy The Fair Value Framework establishes a three-tiered fair value hierarchy as follows:

Level 1 quoted market price - Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 valuation technique using observable inputs - Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are inactive, and measurements

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HSBC USA Inc.

determined using valuation models where all significant inputs are observable, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

Level 3 valuation technique with significant unobservable inputs - Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability and include situations where fair values are measured using valuation techniques based on one or more significant unobservable inputs.

Classification within the fair value hierarchy is based on whether the lowest hierarchical level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is observable. As such, the classification within the fair value hierarchy is dynamic and can be transferred to other hierarchy levels in each reporting period.

Where fair value measurements are determined based on information obtained from independent pricing services or brokers, Finance applies appropriate validation procedures to substantiate fair value. For price validation purposes, quotations from at least two independent pricing sources are obtained for each financial instrument, where possible.

The following factors are considered in determining fair values:

•similarities between the asset or the liability under consideration and the asset or liability for which quotation is received;

•collaboration of pricing by referencing to other independent market data such as market transactions and relevant benchmark indices;

•consistency among different pricing sources;

•the valuation approach and the methodologies used by the independent pricing sources in determining fair value;

•the elapsed time between the date to which the market data relates and the measurement date;

•the source of the fair value information; and

•whether the security is traded in an active or inactive market.

Greater weight is given to quotations of instruments with recent market transactions, pricing quotes from dealers who stand ready to transact, quotations provided by market-makers who structured such instrument and market consensus pricing based on inputs from a large number of survey participants. Any significant discrepancies among the external quotations are reviewed and adjustments to fair values are recorded where appropriate. Where the transaction volume of a specific instrument has been reduced and the fair value measurement becomes less transparent, Finance will apply more detailed procedures to understand and challenge the appropriateness of the unobservable inputs and the valuation techniques used by the independent pricing service. Where applicable, Finance will develop a fair value estimate using its own pricing model inputs to test reasonableness. Where fair value measurements are determined using internal valuation models, Finance will validate the fair value measurement by either developing unobservable inputs based on the industry consensus pricing surveys in which we participate or back testing by observing the actual settlements occurring soon after the measurement date.

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HSBC USA Inc.

Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis The following table presents information about our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value. Unless otherwise noted below, assets and liabilities in the following table are recorded at fair value through net income.


		Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis													Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
June 30, 2022		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Gross Balance		Netting(6)		Net Balance
March 31, 2023														March 31, 2023	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Gross Balance		Netting(1)		Net Balance
		(in millions)													(in millions)
Assets:	Assets:													Assets:

Trading assets, excluding derivatives:	Trading assets, excluding derivatives:													Trading assets, excluding derivatives:
U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises	U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises	$	1,964	$	398	$	—	$	2,362	$	—	$	2,362	U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises	$	2,073	$	407	$	—	$	2,480	$	—	$	2,480

Debt securities issued by foreign entities	Debt securities issued by foreign entities	1,606		—		—		1,606		—		1,606		Debt securities issued by foreign entities	1,677		—		—		1,677		—		1,677
Equity securities	Equity securities	9,065		—		—		9,065		—		9,065		Equity securities	7,761		—		—		7,761		—		7,761
Precious metals trading	Precious metals trading	—		3,372		—		3,372		—		3,372		Precious metals trading	—		4,430		—		4,430		—		4,430
Derivatives:(1)
Derivatives:(2)														Derivatives:(2)
Interest rate contracts	Interest rate contracts	26		1,764		2		1,792		—		1,792		Interest rate contracts	14		1,404		2		1,420		—		1,420
Foreign exchange contracts	Foreign exchange contracts	—		16,613		3		16,616		—		16,616		Foreign exchange contracts	—		11,969		8		11,977		—		11,977
Equity contracts	Equity contracts	—		1,642		84		1,726		—		1,726		Equity contracts	—		651		98		749		—		749
Precious metals contracts	Precious metals contracts	6		1,295		—		1,301		—		1,301		Precious metals contracts	1		1,565		—		1,566		—		1,566
Credit contracts	Credit contracts	—		77		—		77		—		77		Credit contracts	—		118		2		120		—		120
Other contracts(2)		—		—		7		7		—		7
Other contracts(3)														Other contracts(3)	—		—		3		3		—		3
Derivatives netting	Derivatives netting	—		—		—		—		(19,172)		(19,172)		Derivatives netting	—		—		—		—		(14,579)		(14,579)
Total derivatives	Total derivatives	32		21,391		96		21,519		(19,172)		2,347		Total derivatives	15		15,707		113		15,835		(14,579)		1,256
Securities available-for-sale:~~(3)~~(4)	Securities available-for-sale:~~(3)~~(4)													Securities available-for-sale:~~(3)~~(4)
U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises	U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises	9,398		19,193		—		28,591		—		28,591		U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises	8,381		16,893		—		25,274		—		25,274
Asset-backed securities:	Asset-backed securities:													Asset-backed securities:

Home equity	Home equity	—		—		16		16		—		16		Home equity	—		—		14		14		—		14

Other	Other	—		—		97		97		—		97		Other	—		—		93		93		—		93

Debt securities issued by foreign entities	Debt securities issued by foreign entities	2,251		107		—		2,358		—		2,358		Debt securities issued by foreign entities	1,238		107		—		1,345		—		1,345

Loans(5)														Loans(5)	—		18		—		18		—		18
Loans held for sale~~(4)~~(5)	Loans held for sale~~(4)~~(5)	—		194		��		194		—		194		Loans held for sale~~(4)~~(5)	—		304		50		354		—		354
Other assets:	Other assets:													Other assets:
Mortgage servicing rights	Mortgage servicing rights	—		—		22		22		—		22		Mortgage servicing rights	—		—		21		21		—		21
Equity securities	Equity securities	—		132		—		132		—		132		Equity securities	—		127		—		127		—		127
Equity securities measured at net asset value~~(5)~~(6)	Equity securities measured at net asset value~~(5)~~(6)	—		—		—		144		—		144		Equity securities measured at net asset value~~(5)~~(6)	—		—		—		139		—		139

Total assets	Total assets	$	24,316	$	44,787	$	231	$	69,478	$	(19,172)	$	50,306	Total assets	$	21,145	$	37,993	$	291	$	59,568	$	(14,579)	$	44,989
Liabilities:	Liabilities:													Liabilities:
Domestic deposits(4)		$	—	$	1,518	$	500	$	2,018	$	—	$	2,018
Domestic deposits(5)														Domestic deposits(5)	$	—	$	1,134	$	270	$	1,404	$	—	$	1,404
Trading liabilities, excluding derivatives	Trading liabilities, excluding derivatives	907		340		—		1,247		—		1,247		Trading liabilities, excluding derivatives	984		—		—		984		—		984
Derivatives:(1)
Derivatives:(2)														Derivatives:(2)
Interest rate contracts	Interest rate contracts	17		1,544		6		1,567		—		1,567		Interest rate contracts	16		1,323		6		1,345		—		1,345
Foreign exchange contracts	Foreign exchange contracts	—		16,398		3		16,401		—		16,401		Foreign exchange contracts	—		11,385		8		11,393		—		11,393
Equity contracts	Equity contracts	21		897		366		1,284		—		1,284		Equity contracts	—		592		182		774		—		774
Precious metals contracts	Precious metals contracts	—		1,108		—		1,108		—		1,108		Precious metals contracts	—		1,623		—		1,623		—		1,623
Credit contracts	Credit contracts	—		78		1		79		—		79		Credit contracts	—		136		—		136		—		136
Other contracts(2)		—		—		54		54		—		54
Other contracts(3)														Other contracts(3)	—		—		27		27		—		27
Derivatives netting	Derivatives netting	—		—		—		—		(17,554)		(17,554)		Derivatives netting	—		—		—		—		(13,784)		(13,784)
Total derivatives	Total derivatives	38		20,025		430		20,493		(17,554)		2,939		Total derivatives	16		15,059		223		15,298		(13,784)		1,514

Long-term debt(4)		—		5,027		2,093		7,120		—		7,120
Long-term debt(5)														Long-term debt(5)	—		6,552		2,395		8,947		—		8,947

Total liabilities	Total liabilities	$	945	$	26,910	$	3,023	$	30,878	$	(17,554)	$	13,324	Total liabilities	$	1,000	$	22,745	$	2,888	$	26,633	$	(13,784)	$	12,849

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		Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis													Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
December 31, 2021		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Gross Balance		Netting(6)		Net Balance
December 31, 2022														December 31, 2022	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Gross Balance		Netting(1)		Net Balance
		(in millions)													(in millions)
Assets:	Assets:													Assets:

Trading assets, excluding derivatives:	Trading assets, excluding derivatives:													Trading assets, excluding derivatives:
U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises	U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises	$	2,337	$	432	$	—	$	2,769	$	—	$	2,769	U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises	$	1,670	$	369	$	—	$	2,039	$	—	$	2,039

Debt securities issued by foreign entities	Debt securities issued by foreign entities	134		33		—		167		—		167		Debt securities issued by foreign entities	6,337		54		—		6,391		—		6,391
Equity securities	Equity securities	15,795		—		—		15,795		—		15,795		Equity securities	7,855		—		—		7,855		—		7,855
Precious metals trading	Precious metals trading	—		3,907		—		3,907		—		3,907		Precious metals trading	—		3,831		—		3,831		—		3,831
Derivatives:(1)
Derivatives:(2)														Derivatives:(2)
Interest rate contracts	Interest rate contracts	8		1,839		1		1,848		—		1,848		Interest rate contracts	8		1,846		2		1,856		—		1,856
Foreign exchange contracts	Foreign exchange contracts	—		11,350		—		11,350		—		11,350		Foreign exchange contracts	—		15,734		10		15,744		—		15,744
Equity contracts	Equity contracts	—		1,845		213		2,058		—		2,058		Equity contracts	—		956		72		1,028		—		1,028
Precious metals contracts	Precious metals contracts	4		936		—		940		—		940		Precious metals contracts	—		1,201		—		1,201		—		1,201
Credit contracts	Credit contracts	—		28		—		28		—		28		Credit contracts	—		108		2		110		—		110
Other contracts(2)		—		—		5		5		—		5
Other contracts(3)														Other contracts(3)	—		—		5		5		—		5
Derivatives netting	Derivatives netting	—		—		—		—		(14,788)		(14,788)		Derivatives netting	—		—		—		—		(18,278)		(18,278)
Total derivatives	Total derivatives	12		15,998		219		16,229		(14,788)		1,441		Total derivatives	8		19,845		91		19,944		(18,278)		1,666
Securities available-for-sale:~~(3)~~(4)	Securities available-for-sale:~~(3)~~(4)													Securities available-for-sale:~~(3)~~(4)
U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises	U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises	10,817		22,049		—		32,866		—		32,866		U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises	8,195		17,196		—		25,391		—		25,391

Asset-backed securities:	Asset-backed securities:													Asset-backed securities:

Home equity	Home equity	—		—		19		19		—		19		Home equity	—		—		15		15		—		15

Other	Other	—		—		101		101		—		101		Other	—		—		93		93		—		93

Debt securities issued by foreign entities	Debt securities issued by foreign entities	2,201		111		—		2,312		—		2,312		Debt securities issued by foreign entities	1,740		106		—		1,846		—		1,846

Loans(5)														Loans(5)	—		20		—		20		—		20
Loans held for sale~~(4)~~(5)	Loans held for sale~~(4)~~(5)	—		48		—		48		—		48		Loans held for sale~~(4)~~(5)	—		188		49		237		—		237
Other assets:	Other assets:													Other assets:
Mortgage servicing rights	Mortgage servicing rights	—		—		16		16		—		16		Mortgage servicing rights	—		—		22		22		—		22
Equity securities	Equity securities	—		144		—		144		—		144		Equity securities			127				127		—		127
Equity securities measured at net asset value~~(5)~~(6)	Equity securities measured at net asset value~~(5)~~(6)	—		—		—		138		—		138		Equity securities measured at net asset value~~(5)~~(6)	—		—		—		140		—		140

Other(5)(7)														Other(5)(7)	—		325		—		325		—		325
Total assets	Total assets	$	31,296	$	42,722	$	355	$	74,511	$	(14,788)	$	59,723	Total assets	$	25,805	$	42,061	$	270	$	68,276	$	(18,278)	$	49,998
Liabilities:	Liabilities:													Liabilities:
Domestic deposits~~(4)~~(5)	Domestic deposits~~(4)~~(5)	$	—	$	2,214	$	535	$	2,749	$	—	$	2,749	Domestic deposits~~(4)~~(5)	$	—	$	1,181	$	373	$	1,554	$	—	$	1,554
Trading liabilities, excluding derivatives	Trading liabilities, excluding derivatives	1,103		46		—		1,149		—		1,149		Trading liabilities, excluding derivatives	837		—		—		837		—		837
Derivatives:(1)
Derivatives:(2)														Derivatives:(2)
Interest rate contracts	Interest rate contracts	10		1,888		1		1,899		—		1,899		Interest rate contracts	6		1,471		7		1,484		—		1,484
Foreign exchange contracts	Foreign exchange contracts	—		11,124		2		11,126		—		11,126		Foreign exchange contracts	—		15,500		10		15,510		—		15,510
Equity contracts	Equity contracts	—		1,194		167		1,361		—		1,361		Equity contracts	4		625		298		927		—		927
Precious metals contracts	Precious metals contracts	—		779		—		779		—		779		Precious metals contracts	1		1,254		—		1,255		—		1,255
Credit contracts	Credit contracts	—		80		2		82		—		82		Credit contracts	—		106		—		106		—		106
Other contracts(2)		—		—		38		38		—		38
Other contracts(3)														Other contracts(3)	—		—		38		38		—		38
Derivatives netting	Derivatives netting	—		—		—		—		(13,287)		(13,287)		Derivatives netting	—		—		—		—		(17,154)		(17,154)
Total derivatives	Total derivatives	10		15,065		210		15,285		(13,287)		1,998		Total derivatives	11		18,956		353		19,320		(17,154)		2,166

Long-term debt~~(4)~~(5)	Long-term debt~~(4)~~(5)	—		7,089		1,853		8,942		—		8,942		Long-term debt~~(4)~~(5)	—		5,739		2,639		8,378		—		8,378
Other liabilities(5)(7)														Other liabilities(5)(7)	—		325		—		325		—		325
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	$	1,113	$	24,414	$	2,598	$	28,125	$	(13,287)	$	14,838	Total liabilities	$	848	$	26,201	$	3,365	$	30,414	$	(17,154)	$	13,260

(1)Represents counterparty and cash collateral netting which allow the offsetting of amounts relating to certain contracts if certain conditions are met.

(2)Includes trading derivative assets of ~~$2,303~~$1,211 million and ~~$1,405~~$1,614 million and trading derivative liabilities of ~~$2,519~~$1,259 million and ~~$1,874~~$1,966 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, as well as derivatives held for hedging and ~~commitments accounted for as derivatives.~~other non-qualifying economic hedging activities. See Note 10, "Derivative Financial Instruments," for additional information. Excluding changes in fair value of a derivative instrument associated with a qualifying cash flow hedge, which are recognized initially in other comprehensive income (loss), derivative assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value through net income.

~~(2)~~(3)Consists of swap agreements entered into in conjunction with the sales of Visa Class B Shares.

~~(3)~~(4)Securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value through other comprehensive income (loss). Changes in the allowance for credit losses on securities available-for-sale are recorded through net income.

~~(4)~~


HSBC USA Inc.

(5)See Note 11, "Fair Value Option," for additional information. Excluding the fair value movement on fair value option liabilities attributable to our own credit spread, which is recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), fair value option assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value through net income.

~~(5)~~(6)Investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.

~~(6)~~(7)~~Represents counterparty~~Consisted of an asset and ~~cash collateral netting which allow the offsetting of amounts relating to certain contracts if certain conditions are met.~~a liability associated with a client share repurchase transaction.


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

Information on Level 3 assets and liabilities The following table summarizes additional information about changes in the fair value of Level 3 assets and liabilities during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and ~~2021.~~2022. As a risk management practice, we may risk manage the Level 3 assets and liabilities, in whole or in part, using securities and derivative positions that are classified as Level 1 or Level 2 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. Since those Level 1 and Level 2 risk management positions are not included in the table below, the information provided does not reflect the effect of such risk management activities related to the Level 3 assets and liabilities.


		Apr. 1, 2022		Total Realized / Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in				Purch- ases		Issu- ances		Settle- ments		Transfers Into Level 3		Transfers Out of Level 3		Jun. 30, 2022		Current Period Unrealized Gains (Losses) Still Held Included in							Jan. 1, 2023			Total Realized / Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in						Purch- ases			Issu- ances			Settle- ments			Transfers Into Level 3			Transfers Out of Level 3			Mar. 31, 2023			Current Period Unrealized Gains (Losses) Still Held Included in
				Earnings		Other Compre- hensive Income (Loss)														Earnings		Other Compre- hensive Income (Loss)								Earnings			Other Compre- hensive Income (Loss)																					Earnings			Other Compre- hensive Income (Loss)
		(in millions)																									(in millions)
Assets:	Assets:																								Assets:

Derivatives, net:(1)	Derivatives, net:(1)																								Derivatives, net:(1)
Interest rate contracts	Interest rate contracts	$	(1)	$	(1)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(2)	$	—	$	(4)	$	—	$	—		Interest rate contracts		$	(5)		$	1		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	(4)		$	1		$	—
Foreign exchange contracts	Foreign exchange contracts	(1)		1		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—			Foreign exchange contracts		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Equity contracts	Equity contracts	(1)		(221)		—		—		—		(53)		(7)		—		(282)		(255)		—			Equity contracts		(226)			128			—			—			—			12			—			2			(84)			112			—

Credit contracts	Credit contracts	(2)		1		—		—		—		—		—		—		(1)		1		—			Credit contracts		2			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			2			—			—
Other contracts(2)	Other contracts(2)	(24)		(30)		—		—		—		7		—		—		(47)		—		—			Other contracts(2)		(33)			(2)			—			—			—			11			—			—			(24)			—			—
Asset-backed securities available-for-sale(3)	Asset-backed securities available-for-sale(3)	114		—		(1)		—		—		—		—		—		113		—		(1)			Asset-backed securities available-for-sale(3)		108			—			1			—			—			(2)			—			—			107			—			1

Mortgage servicing rights(4)		21		—		—		—		1		—		—		—		22		—		—
Loans held for sale(4)																								Loans held for sale(4)		49			—			—			1			—			—			—			—			50			—			—
Mortgage servicing rights(5)																								Mortgage servicing rights(5)		22			(1)			—			—			—			—			—			—			21			(1)			—
Total assets	Total assets	$	106	$	(250)	$	(1)	$	—	$	1	$	(46)	$	(9)	$	—	$	(199)	$	(254)	$	(1)		Total assets		$	(83)		$	126		$	1		$	1		$	—		$	21		$	—		$	2		$	68		$	112		$	1
Liabilities:	Liabilities:																								Liabilities:
Domestic deposits(5)		$	(492)	$	24	$	3	$	—	$	—	$	46	$	(81)	$	—	$	(500)	$	20	$	3
Long-term debt(5)		(2,072)		259		11		—		(358)		98		(31)		—		(2,093)		252		11
Domestic deposits(4)																								Domestic deposits(4)		$	(373)		$	(6)		$	4		$	—		$	—		$	80		$	—		$	25		$	(270)		$	(2)		$	4
Long-term debt(4)																								Long-term debt(4)		(2,639)			(166)			22			—			(189)			175			(1)			403			(2,395)			(119)			22
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	$	(2,564)	$	283	$	14	$	—	$	(358)	$	144	$	(112)	$	—	$	(2,593)	$	272	$	14		Total liabilities		$	(3,012)		$	(172)		$	26		$	—		$	(189)		$	255		$	(1)		$	428		$	(2,665)		$	(121)		$	26

6459


HSBC USA Inc.

Jan. 1,
2022 Total Realized / Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Included in Purch-
ases Issu-
ances Settle-
ments Transfers
Into
Level 3 Transfers
Out of
Level 3 Jun. 30,
2022 Current Period Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Still Held Included in
Earnings Other Compre-
hensive
Income (Loss) Earnings Other Compre-
hensive
Income (Loss)
(in millions)
Assets:
Derivatives, net:(1)
Interest rate contracts $ — $ (1) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (3) $ — $ (4) $ (1) $ —
Foreign exchange contracts (2) 2 — — — — — — — — —
Equity contracts 46 (341) — — — (52) 22 43 (282) (339) —
Credit contracts (2) 1 — — — — — — (1) 1 —
Other contracts(2)
(33) (31) — — — 17 — — (47) — —
Asset-backed securities available-for-sale(3)
120 — (4) — — (3) — — 113 — (4)
Mortgage servicing rights(4)
16 4 — — 2 — — — 22 2 —
Total assets $ 145 $ (366) $ (4) $ — $ 2 $ (38) $ 19 $ 43 $ (199) $ (337) $ (4)
Liabilities:
Domestic deposits(5)
$ (535) $ 45 $ 1 $ — $ — $ 116 $ (130) $ 3 $ (500) $ 38 $ 1
Long-term debt(5)
(1,853) 353 16 — (658) 200 (237) 86 (2,093) 319 16
Total liabilities $ (2,388) $ 398 $ 17 $ — $ (658) $ 316 $ (367) $ 89 $ (2,593) $ 357 $ 17


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

Apr. 1,
2021 Total Realized / Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Included in Purch-
ases Issu-
ances Settle-
ments Transfers
Into
Level 3 Transfers
Out of
Level 3 Jun. 30,
2021 Current Period
Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Still Held
Included in
Earnings Other Compre-
hensive
Income
(Loss) Earnings Other Compre-
hensive
Income
(Loss)
(in millions)
Assets:
Trading assets, excluding derivatives:(6)
Residential mortgage asset-backed securities $ 24 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (24) $ — $ — $ —
Derivatives, net:(1)
Interest rate contracts 2 6 — — — — — — 8 5 —
Foreign exchange contracts (2) 1 — — — — — — (1) 1 —
Equity contracts 42 (117) — — — 81 8 (27) (13) (47) —
Credit contracts 45 1 — — — — — — 46 2 —
Other contracts(2)
(50) (5) — — — 7 — — (48) — —
Asset-backed securities available-for-sale(3)
130 — (2) — — (2) — — 126 — (2)
Mortgage servicing rights(4)
11 (2) — — 3 — — — 12 (2) —
Total assets $ 202 $ (116) $ (2) $ — $ 3 $ 86 $ 8 $ (51) $ 130 $ (41) $ (2)
Liabilities:
Domestic deposits(5)
$ (599) $ (12) $ 1 $ — $ — $ 60 $ (109) $ 66 $ (593) $ (12) $ 1
Long-term debt(5)
(486) (20) (1) — (418) 34 (34) 6 (919) (23) (1)
Total liabilities $ (1,085) $ (32) $ — $ — $ (418) $ 94 $ (143) $ 72 $ (1,512) $ (35) $ —


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~


		Jan. 1, 2021		Total Realized / Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in				Purch- ases		Issu- ances		Settle- ments		Transfers Into Level 3		Transfers Out of Level 3		Jun. 30, 2021		Current Period Unrealized Gains (Losses) Still Held Included in							Jan. 1, 2022			Total Realized / Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in						Purch- ases			Issu- ances			Settle- ments			Transfers Into Level 3			Transfers Out of Level 3			Mar. 31, 2022			Current Period Unrealized Gains (Losses) Still Held Included in
				Earnings		Other Compre- hensive Income (Loss)														Earnings		Other Compre- hensive Income (Loss)								Earnings			Other Compre- hensive Income (Loss)																					Earnings			Other Compre- hensive Income (Loss)
		(in millions)																									(in millions)
Assets:	Assets:																								Assets:
Trading assets, excluding derivatives:(6)

Residential mortgage asset-backed securities		$	15	$	9	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(24)	$	—	$	9	$	—

Derivatives, net:(1)	Derivatives, net:(1)																								Derivatives, net:(1)
Interest rate contracts	Interest rate contracts	34		(26)		—		—		—		—		—		—		8		(12)		—			Interest rate contracts		—			—			—			—			—			—			(1)			—			(1)			(1)			—
Foreign exchange contracts	Foreign exchange contracts	9		(10)		—		—		—		—		—		—		(1)		(11)		—			Foreign exchange contracts		(2)			1			—			—			—			—			—			—			(1)			1			—
Equity contracts	Equity contracts	119		(139)		—		—		—		27		8		(28)		(13)		10		—			Equity contracts		46			(120)			—			—			—			1			29			43			(1)			(95)			—

Credit contracts	Credit contracts	63		(16)		—		—		—		(1)		—		—		46		(17)		—			Credit contracts		(2)			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(2)			—			—
Other contracts(2)	Other contracts(2)	(59)		(3)		—		—		—		14		—		—		(48)		—		—			Other contracts(2)		(33)			(1)			—			—			—			10			—			—			(24)			—			—
Asset-backed securities available-for-sale(3)	Asset-backed securities available-for-sale(3)	131		—		(1)		—		—		(4)		—		—		126		—		(1)			Asset-backed securities available-for-sale(3)		120			—			(3)			—			—			(3)			—			—			114			—			(3)
Mortgage servicing rights(4)		7		(1)		—		—		6		—		—		—		12		(1)		—
Mortgage servicing rights(5)																								Mortgage servicing rights(5)		16			4			—			—			1			—			—			—			21			2			—
Total assets	Total assets	$	319	$	(186)	$	(1)	$	—	$	6	$	36	$	8	$	(52)	$	130	$	(22)	$	(1)		Total assets		$	145		$	(116)		$	(3)		$	—		$	1		$	8		$	28		$	43		$	106		$	(93)		$	(3)
Liabilities:	Liabilities:																								Liabilities:
Domestic deposits(5)		$	(646)	$	(8)	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	88	$	(109)	$	81	$	(593)	$	(4)	$	1
Long-term debt(5)		(448)		(23)		(1)		—		(541)		123		(36)		7		(919)		(19)		(1)
Domestic deposits(4)																								Domestic deposits(4)		$	(535)		$	21		$	(2)		$	—		$	—		$	70		$	(49)		$	3		$	(492)		$	19		$	(2)
Long-term debt(4)																								Long-term debt(4)		(1,853)			94			5			—			(300)			102			(206)			86			(2,072)			67			5
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	$	(1,094)	$	(31)	$	—	$	—	$	(541)	$	211	$	(145)	$	88	$	(1,512)	$	(23)	$	—		Total liabilities		$	(2,388)		$	115		$	3		$	—		$	(300)		$	172		$	(255)		$	89		$	(2,564)		$	86		$	3

(1)Level 3 net derivatives included derivative assets of ~~$96~~$113 million and derivative liabilities of ~~$430~~$223 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and derivative assets of ~~$485~~$204 million and derivative liabilities of ~~$493~~$233 million at ~~June 30, 2021.~~March 31, 2022. Gains (losses) on derivatives, net are predominantly included in trading revenue and gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives in the consolidated statement of income.

(2)Consists of swap agreements entered into in conjunction with the sales of Visa Class B Shares. Gains (losses) on these swap agreements are included in other income (loss) in the consolidated statement of income.

(3)Realized gains (losses) on securities available-for-sale are included in other securities gains, net in the consolidated statement of income. Changes in the allowance for credit losses on securities available-for-sale are included in the provision for credit losses in the consolidated statement of income. Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available-for-sale are included in other comprehensive income (loss).

(4)~~Gain (losses) on mortgage servicing rights are included in other income (loss) in the consolidated statement of income.~~

~~(5)~~Excluding unrealized gains (losses) on fair value option liabilities attributable to our own credit spread, which are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), gains (losses) on fair value option assets and liabilities are included in gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives in the consolidated statement of income.

~~(6)~~(5)Gains (losses) on ~~trading assets, excluding derivatives~~mortgage servicing rights are included in ~~trading revenue~~other income (loss) in the consolidated statement of income.

6760


HSBC USA Inc.

Significant Unobservable Inputs for Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents quantitative information about the unobservable inputs used to determine the recurring fair value measurement of assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 fair value measurements at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


June 30, 2022
March 31, 2023								March 31, 2023
Financial Instrument Type	Financial Instrument Type	Fair Value (in millions)		Valuation Technique(s)	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range of Inputs	Weighted Average(1)	Financial Instrument Type	Fair Value (in millions)		Valuation Technique(s)	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range of Inputs	Weighted Average(1)

Interest rate derivative contracts	Interest rate derivative contracts	$	(4)	Market comparable adjusted for probability to fund and, where applicable, option pricing model	Probability to fund for rate lock commitments	49% - 99%	83%	Interest rate derivative contracts	$	(4)	Market comparable adjusted for probability to fund and, where applicable, option pricing model	Probability to fund for rate lock commitments	58% - 90%	79%

					Interest rate yield curve	9%	N/A					Interest rate yield curve	9%	N/A

Foreign exchange derivative contracts~~(2)~~	Foreign exchange derivative contracts~~(2)~~	$	—	Option pricing model	Cross-currency basis	21bps	N/A	Foreign exchange derivative contracts~~(2)~~	$	—	Option pricing model	Cross-currency basis	26bps	N/A
Equity derivative contracts(2)	Equity derivative contracts(2)	$	(282)	Option pricing model	Equity / Equity Index volatility	8% - 96%	45%	Equity derivative contracts(2)	$	(84)	Option pricing model	Equity / Equity Index volatility	6% - 86%	40%
					Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation	44% - 97%	85%					Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation	45% - 99%	85%
					Equity forward price	$40 - $5,108	$1,136					Equity forward price	$25 - $5,554	$1,257

Credit derivative contracts	Credit derivative contracts	$	(1)	Option pricing model and, where applicable, discounted cash flows	Credit default swap spreads	241bps - 410bps	389bps	Credit derivative contracts	$	2	Option pricing model and, where applicable, discounted cash flows	Credit default swap spreads	600bps - 1,256bps	1,120bps
Other derivative contracts	Other derivative contracts	$	(47)	Discounted cash flows	Conversion rate	1.6 times	N/A	Other derivative contracts	$	(24)	Discounted cash flows	Conversion rate	1.6 times	N/A
					Expected duration	1.5 years	N/A					Expected duration	0.75 years	N/A
Asset-backed securities available-for-sale	Asset-backed securities available-for-sale	$	113	Discounted cash flows	Market assumptions related to yields for comparable instruments	2% - 3%	2%	Asset-backed securities available-for-sale	$	107	Discounted cash flows	Market assumptions related to yields for comparable instruments	1% - 3%	2%
Loans held for sale								Loans held for sale	$	50	Market comparables and internal assumptions	Adjusted market price	5% - 80%	42%
Mortgage servicing rights	Mortgage servicing rights	$	22	Discounted cash flows	Constant prepayment rates	6% - 15%	6%	Mortgage servicing rights	$	21	Discounted cash flows	Constant prepayment rates	6% - 16%	6%
					Discount rate	8% - 13%	8%					Discount rate	9% - 13%	9%
					Estimated annualized costs to service	$72 - $76 per account	$74 per account					Estimated annualized costs to service	$72 - $76 per account	$74 per account

Domestic deposits (structured deposits)(2)(3)	Domestic deposits (structured deposits)(2)(3)	$	(500)	Option adjusted discounted cash flows	Equity / Equity Index volatility	8% - 25%	20%	Domestic deposits (structured deposits)(2)(3)	$	(270)	Option adjusted discounted cash flows	Equity / Equity Index volatility	8% - 20%	17%
					Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation	49% - 89%	66%					Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation	49% - 85%	63%

Long-term debt (structured notes)(2)(3)	Long-term debt (structured notes)(2)(3)	$	(2,093)	Option adjusted discounted cash flows	Equity / Equity Index volatility	8% - 59%	31%	Long-term debt (structured notes)(2)(3)	$	(2,395)	Option adjusted discounted cash flows	Equity / Equity Index volatility	8% - 37%	23%
					Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation	44% - 97%	85%					Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation	45% - 99%	84%
					Credit default swap spreads	1,233bps	N/A					Credit default swap spreads	1,140bps	NA

6861


HSBC USA Inc.


December 31, 2021
December 31, 2022								December 31, 2022
Financial Instrument Type	Financial Instrument Type	Fair Value (in millions)		Valuation Technique(s)	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range of Inputs	Weighted Average(1)	Financial Instrument Type	Fair Value (in millions)		Valuation Technique(s)	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range of Inputs	Weighted Average(1)

Interest rate derivative contracts	Interest rate derivative contracts	$	—	Market comparable adjusted for probability to fund and, where applicable, option pricing model	Probability to fund for rate lock commitments	36% - 99%	83%	Interest rate derivative contracts	$	(5)	Market comparable adjusted for probability to fund and, where applicable, option pricing model	Probability to fund for rate lock commitments	51% - 99%	84%

					Interest rate yield curve	8%	N/A					Interest rate yield curve	9%	N/A
Foreign exchange derivative contracts~~(2)~~	Foreign exchange derivative contracts~~(2)~~	$	(2)	Option pricing model	Implied volatility of currency pairs	0% - 9%	6%	Foreign exchange derivative contracts~~(2)~~	$	—	Option pricing model	Cross-currency basis	103bps	N/A
					Cross-currency basis	(86)bps	N/A
Equity derivative contracts(2)	Equity derivative contracts(2)	$	46	Option pricing model	Equity / Equity Index volatility	8% - 85%	40%	Equity derivative contracts(2)	$	(226)	Option pricing model	Equity / Equity Index volatility	8% - 101%	42%
					Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation	44% - 98%	81%					Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation	45% - 99%	85%
					Equity dividend yields and forward price	(4)% - 1%	0%					Equity forward price	$39 - $5,271	$1,243
Credit derivative contracts	Credit derivative contracts	$	(2)	Option pricing model and, where applicable, discounted cash flows	Credit default swap spreads	76bps - 325bps	234bps	Credit derivative contracts	$	2	Option pricing model and, where applicable, discounted cash flows	Credit default swap spreads	491bps - 902bps	885bps
Other derivative contracts	Other derivative contracts	$	(33)	Discounted cash flows	Conversion rate	1.6 times	N/A	Other derivative contracts	$	(33)	Discounted cash flows	Conversion rate	1.6 times	N/A
					Expected duration	1.0 year	N/A					Expected duration	1.0 year	N/A
Asset-backed securities available-for-sale	Asset-backed securities available-for-sale	$	120	Discounted cash flows	Market assumptions related to yields for comparable instruments	3% - 4%	3%	Asset-backed securities available-for-sale	$	108	Discounted cash flows	Market assumptions related to yields for comparable instruments	2% - 3%	2%
Loans held for sale								Loans held for sale	$	49	Market comparables and internal assumptions	Adjusted market price	5% - 80%	42%
Mortgage servicing rights	Mortgage servicing rights	$	16	Discounted cash flows	Constant prepayment rates	10% - 16%	12%	Mortgage servicing rights	$	22	Discounted cash flows	Constant prepayment rates	6% - 14%	6%
					Discount rate	8% - 13%	8%					Discount rate	9% - 13%	9%
					Estimated annualized costs to service	$72 - $85 per account	$75 per account					Estimated annualized costs to service	$72 - $76 per account	$74 per account

Domestic deposits (structured deposits)(2)(3)	Domestic deposits (structured deposits)(2)(3)	$	(535)	Option adjusted discounted cash flows	Equity / Equity Index volatility	8% - 21%	15%	Domestic deposits (structured deposits)(2)(3)	$	(373)	Option adjusted discounted cash flows	Equity / Equity Index volatility	8% - 24%	19%
					Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation	49% - 85%	62%					Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation	49% - 88%	63%
Long-term debt (structured notes)(2)(3)	Long-term debt (structured notes)(2)(3)	$	(1,853)	Option adjusted discounted cash flows	Implied volatility of currency pairs	0% - 9%	6%	Long-term debt (structured notes)(2)(3)	$	(2,639)	Option adjusted discounted cash flows	Equity / Equity Index volatility	8% - 55%	29%
					Equity / Equity Index volatility	8% - 71%	31%					Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation	45% - 99%	86%
					Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation	44% - 98%	82%					Credit default swap spreads	1,223bps	N/A
					Credit default swap spreads	798bps	N/A

(1)For foreign exchange derivatives, equity derivatives, credit derivatives, structured deposits and structured notes, weighted averages are calculated based on the fair value of the instruments. For all remaining instrument types, weighted averages are calculated based on the notional value of the instruments.

(2)We are the client-facing entity and, except for structured notes and deposits with embedded credit derivative features, we enter into identical but opposite derivatives to transfer the resultant risks to our affiliates. With the exception of counterparty credit risks, we are market risk neutral in substantially all of the structured notes and deposits. The corresponding intra-group derivatives are presented as equity derivatives ~~and foreign exchange derivatives~~ in the table.

(3)Structured deposits and structured notes contain embedded derivative features whose fair value measurements contain significant Level 3 inputs. See equity derivatives and credit derivatives below for a discussion of the uncertainty of Level 3 inputs related to structured deposits and structured notes.

N/A Not Applicable

Uncertainty of Level 3 Inputs to Fair Value Measurements

Interest rate derivatives - For mortgage rate lock commitments, the fair value measurement is affected by the probability of executing and funding the mortgage. An increase (decrease) in the likelihood of a mortgage being executed would have resulted in a lower (higher) fair value measurement of the interest rate derivative. For certain other interest rate derivatives, the interest rates for longer dated tenors were not observable. An increase (decrease) in the interest rate would have resulted in a higher (lower) fair value measurement of the derivative depending on if we receive or pay the floating rate.

Foreign exchange derivatives - For certain foreign exchange derivatives, the cross-currency basis for longer dated tenors were not observable. An increase (decrease) in the cross-currency basis would have resulted in a higher (lower) fair value measurement of the derivative depending on if we receive or pay the floating rate plus the basis spread.

Equity derivatives - The fair value measurement of a structured equity derivative is primarily affected by the implied volatility of the underlying equity price. The level of volatility is a function of the nature of the underlying risk, the level of strike price and the years to maturity of the option. Depending on the underlying risk and tenure, we determine the implied volatility based on observable input where information is available. However, substantially all of the implied volatilities are derived based on historical information and are not observable. A significant increase (decrease) in the implied volatility would have resulted in a higher (lower) fair value of a long position in the derivative contract. For a derivative referenced to a basket of equities, the fair value measurement is also affected by the correlation of the referenced equities. Correlation measures the relative change in


HSBC USA Inc.

values among two or more variables (i.e., equity pair), which can be positively or negatively correlated. A majority of the


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

correlations are not observable, but are derived based on historical data. A significant increase (decrease) in the correlation of the referenced variables would have resulted in a higher (lower) fair value of a long position in the derivative contract.

~~Foreign exchange derivatives~~ - For certain foreign exchange derivatives, the cross-currency basis for longer dated tenors were not observable. An increase (decrease) in the cross-currency basis would have resulted in a higher (lower) fair value measurement of the derivative depending on if we receive or pay the floating rate plus the basis spread.

Credit derivatives - The fair value measurement of certain credit derivatives is primarily affected by the credit spreads of credit default swap contracts. A significant increase (decrease) in the credit spreads would have resulted in a lower (higher) fair value measurement of the credit derivative.

Other derivatives - The fair value of the swap agreements we entered into in conjunction with the sales of Visa Class B Shares is dependent upon the final resolution of the related litigation. Significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement include estimated changes in the conversion rate of Visa Class B Shares into Visa Class A Shares and the expected timing of the final resolution. An increase (decrease) in the loss estimate or in the timing of the resolution of the related litigation would have resulted in a higher (lower) fair value measurement of the derivative.

Asset-backed securities available-for-sale - The fair value measurement of certain asset-backed securities is primarily affected by estimated yields which are determined based on current market yields of comparable instruments adjusted for market liquidity. An increase (decrease) in the yields would have resulted in a lower (higher) fair value measurement of the securities.

Loans held for sale - The fair value measurement of certain commercial loans held for sale is affected by estimated market prices which are unobservable. An increase (decrease) in the estimated prices would have resulted in a higher (lower) fair value measurement of the loans.

Mortgage servicing rights - The fair value measurement of mortgage servicing rights is primarily affected by the estimated prepayment rates of the mortgage loans and the discount rates. An increase (decrease) in either of these inputs would have resulted in a lower (higher) fair value measurement of the mortgage servicing rights.

Significant Transfers Into and Out of Level 3 Measurements During the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, we transferred $3$25 million of domestic deposits and $403 million of long-term debt, which we have elected to carry at fair value, from Level 3 to Level 2 as a result of the embedded derivative no longer being unobservable as the derivative option is closer to maturity and there is more observability in short term volatility.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we transferred $86 million of long-term debt, which we have elected to carry at fair value, from Level 3 to Level 2 as a result of the embedded derivative no longer being unobservable as the derivative option is closer to maturity and there is more observability in short term volatility. During the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2022, we also transferred $43 million of equity derivatives from Level 3 to Level 2 as the inputs used to value these contracts have become more observable. During the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2022, we transferred ~~$81~~$49 million ~~and $130 million, respectively,~~ of domestic deposits and ~~$31~~$206 million ~~and $237 million, respectively,~~ of long-term debt, which we elected to carry at fair value, from Level 2 to Level 3 as a result of a change in the observability of underlying inputs that resulted in the embedded derivative being unobservable. Additionally, during the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2022, we transferred ~~$22~~$29 million of equity derivatives from Level 2 to Level 3 as the inputs used to value these contracts have become less observable.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we transferred $66 million and $81 million, respectively, of domestic deposits and $6 million and $7 million, respectively, of long-term debt, which we have elected to carry at fair value, from Level 3 to Level 2 as a result of the embedded derivative no longer being unobservable as the derivative option is closer to maturity and there is more observability in short term volatility. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we transferred $109 million and $109 million, respectively, of domestic deposits and $34 million and $36 million, respectively, of long-term debt, which we elected to carry at fair value, from Level 2 to Level 3 as a result of a change in the observability of underlying inputs that resulted in the embedded derivative being unobservable. Additionally, during the second quarter of 2021, we transferred $24 million of residential mortgage asset-backed securities and $27 million of equity derivatives from Level 3 to Level 2 as the inputs used to value these securities and derivative contracts have become more observable.

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Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis Certain financial and non-financial assets are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and therefore, are not included in the tables above. These assets include (a) loans classified as held for sale reported at the lower of amortized cost or fair value, (b) impaired loans or assets that are written down to fair value based on the valuation of underlying collateral during the period and (c) lease ROU assets or leasehold improvement assets that were written down during the period. These instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustment in certain circumstances (e.g., impairment). The following table presents the fair value hierarchy level within which the fair value of the financial and non-financial assets has been recorded at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The gains (losses) during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022 ~~and 2021~~ are also included.


		Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2022								Total Gains (Losses) For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2022		Total Gains (Losses) For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022			Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2023									Total Gains (Losses) For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total							Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Total Gains (Losses) For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
		(in millions)													(in millions)
Consumer loans held for sale(1)		$	—	$	5	$	9	$	14	$	(7)	$	(8)

Consumer loans~~(2)~~(1)	Consumer loans~~(2)~~(1)	—		115		—		115		1		3		Consumer loans~~(2)~~(1)	$	—	$	111	$	—	$	111		$	(1)
Commercial loans held for sale~~(3)~~(2)	Commercial loans held for sale~~(3)~~(2)	—		6		—		6		—		—		Commercial loans held for sale~~(3)~~(2)	—		46		—		46			(1)
Commercial loans~~(4)~~(3)	Commercial loans~~(4)~~(3)	—		—		129		129		(5)		—		Commercial loans~~(4)~~(3)	—		—		123		123			3

Leases~~(5)~~(4)	Leases~~(5)~~(4)	—		—		—		—		4		3		Leases~~(5)~~(4)	—		—		—		—			(15)

Total assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis	Total assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis	$	—	$	126	$	138	$	264	$	(7)	$	(2)	Total assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis	$	—	$	157	$	123	$	280		$	(14)


		Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021								Total Gains (Losses) For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021		Total Gains (Losses) For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021			Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022									Total Gains (Losses) For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total							Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Total Gains (Losses) For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
		(in millions)													(in millions)
Consumer loans held for sale~~(1)~~(5)	Consumer loans held for sale~~(1)~~(5)	$	—	$	24	$	1,742	$	1,766	$	—	$	—	Consumer loans held for sale~~(1)~~(5)	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	1		$	(1)
Consumer loans~~(2)~~(1)	Consumer loans~~(2)~~(1)	—		102		—		102		2		6		Consumer loans~~(2)~~(1)	—		112		—		112			2
Commercial loans held for sale(3)		—		75		68		143		(12)		(12)

Commercial loans~~(4)~~(3)	Commercial loans~~(4)~~(3)	—		—		186		186		50		69		Commercial loans~~(4)~~(3)	—		—		52		52			5

Leases~~(5)~~(4)	Leases~~(5)~~(4)	—		—		5		5		(55)		(55)		Leases~~(5)~~(4)	—		—		—		—			(1)
Total assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis	Total assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis	$	—	$	201	$	2,001	$	2,202	$	(15)	$	8	Total assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis	$	—	$	113	$	52	$	165		$	5

(1)At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the fair value of the loans held for sale was below cost. During 2021, certain consumer loans were transferred to held for sale for which significant inputs in estimating fair value were unobservable.

~~(2)~~Represents residential mortgage loans held for investment whose carrying amount was adjusted during the period based on the fair value of the underlying collateral.

~~(3)~~(2)At ~~June 30, 2022 and December~~March 31, ~~2021,~~2023, the fair value of the loans held for sale was below cost. ~~During the second quarter of 2021, certain commercial loans were transferred to held for sale for which significant inputs in estimating fair value were unobservable.~~

~~(4)~~(3)Certain commercial loans are individually assessed for impairment. We measure the credit impairment of a collateral-dependent loan based on the fair value of the collateral asset. The collateral often involves real estate properties that are illiquid due to market conditions. As a result, these loans are classified as a Level 3 fair value measurement within the fair value hierarchy.

~~(5)~~(4)During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we reversed lease ROU asset and leasehold improvement asset impairment charges associated with certain office space that we determined we would exit. During the secondfirst quarter of ~~2021,~~2023, we determined that we would exit certain branches and, as a result, the lease ROU assets, leasehold improvement assets and equipment assets associated with these branches were written off. During the second quarter of 2021, we also wrote down the lease ROU assets and leasehold improvement assets associated with ~~closed branches and~~the exit of certain office ~~space that we determined we would exit. In addition, during~~space. During the ~~fourth~~first quarter of ~~2021,~~2022, we ~~transferred one~~wrote down the lease ROU assets associated with the exit of ~~our owned~~certain office ~~space properties to~~space.

(5)At December 31, 2022, the fair value of the loans held for sale ~~and, as a result, its carrying amount~~ was ~~written down to an estimated fair value of $5 million.~~below cost.


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

Significant Unobservable Inputs for Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The following tables present quantitative information about non-recurring fair value measurements of assets and liabilities classified with Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:

At June 30, 2022

At March 31, 2023

Financial Instrument Type

Fair Value (in millions)

Valuation Technique(s)

Significant Unobservable Inputs

Range of Inputs

Weighted Average(1)

Financial Instrument Type

Fair Value (in millions)

Valuation Technique(s)

Significant Unobservable Inputs

Range of Inputs

Weighted Average(1)

Consumer loans held for sale

Market comparables and internal assumptions

Adjusted market price

8% - 66%

39%

Commercial loans

129

Valuation of third party appraisal
on underlying collateral

Loss severity rates

9% - 52%

23%

Commercial loans

123

Valuation of third party appraisal
on underlying collateral

Loss severity rates

1% - 41%

13%

At December 31, 2021
Financial Instrument Type Fair Value (in millions) Valuation Technique(s) Significant Unobservable Inputs Range of Inputs
Weighted Average(1)
Consumer loans held for sale $ 1,742 Market comparables and internal assumptions Adjusted market price 10% - 100% 98%
Commercial loans held for sale 68 Market comparables and internal assumptions Adjusted market price 94% N/A
Commercial loans 186 Valuation of third party appraisal
on underlying collateral Loss severity rates 2% - 76% 23%

At December 31, 2022

Financial Instrument Type

Fair Value (in millions)

Valuation Technique(s)

Significant Unobservable Inputs

Range of Inputs

Weighted Average(1)

Commercial loans

Valuation of third party appraisal
on underlying collateral

Loss severity rates

11% - 47%

31%

(1)Weighted average is calculated based on the carrying value of the loans.

~~N/A Not Applicable~~


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Valuation Techniques

Following is a description of valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value.

Consumer loans designated under FVO – We elected to apply FVO accounting to certain student loans. The fair value of these loans is based on observed market prices of instruments with similar characteristics.

Consumer loans held for sale – Consumer loans held for sale are recorded at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. The fair value of consumer loans held for sale is estimated using observed market prices of instruments with similar characteristics. Adjustments are made to reflect differences in collateral location, loan-to-value ratio, FICO scores, vintage year, default rates, the completeness of the loan documentation and other risk characteristics. Where observable market parameters are not available, fair value is estimated using the discounted cash flow method using assumptions consistent with those which would be used by market participants in valuing such loans, including estimates of prepayment rates, default rates, loss severities and market rates of return. We also may hold discussions on value directly with potential investors. For consumer loans transferred to held for sale during 2021, the fair value measurement processes use significant unobservable inputs to adjust market prices which are specific to the characteristics of the various loan portfolios.

~~Consumer loans held for sale designated under FVO~~ – We previously elected to apply FVO accounting to certain student loans (which were subsequently transferred to held for sale during 2021). The fair value of these loans is based on observed market prices of instruments with similar characteristics.

Commercial loans held for sale -– Commercial loans held for sale (that are not designated under FVO as discussed below) are recorded at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. The fair value of commercial loans held for sale is estimated using observable market pricing obtained from independent sources, relevant broker quotes or observed market prices of instruments with similar characteristics. We also may hold discussions on value directly with potential investors or take into account underlying collateral values. For certain commercial loans transferred to held for sale during the second quarter of 2021, the fair value measurement process used significant unobservable inputs to adjust market prices which are specific to the characteristics of the loan portfolio.

Commercial loans held for sale designated under FVO – We elected to apply FVO accounting to certain commercial loans held for ~~sale at fair value.~~sale. Where available, fair value is based on observable market pricing obtained from independent sources, relevant broker quotes or observed market prices of instruments with similar characteristics. Where observable market parameters are not available, fair value is determined based on contractual cash flows adjusted for estimates of prepayment rates, expected default rates and loss severity discounted at management's estimate of the expected rate of return required by market participants. We also consider loan-specific risk mitigating factors such as collateral arrangements in determining the fair value estimate. For certain commercial loans held for sale, the fair value measurement process uses significant unobservable inputs to adjust market prices which are specific to the characteristics of the loans.

Commercial loans individually assessed for impairment – Generally represents collateral-dependent commercial loans with fair value determined based on pricing quotes obtained from an independent third party appraisal.

Precious metals trading -– Precious metals trading primarily includes physical inventory which is valued using spot prices.


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

Securities - Where available, debt and equity securities are valued based on quoted market prices. If a quoted market price for the identical security is not available, the security is valued based on quotes from similar securities, where possible. For certain securities, internally developed valuation models are used to determine fair values or validate quotes obtained from pricing services. The following summarizes the valuation methodology used for our major security classes:

•U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed and obligations of U.S. state and political subdivisions – As these securities transact in an active market, fair value measurements are based on quoted prices for the identical security or quoted prices for similar securities with adjustments as necessary made using observable inputs which are market corroborated.

•U.S. Government sponsored enterprises – For government sponsored mortgage-backed securities which transact in an active market, fair value measurements are based on quoted prices for the identical security or quoted prices for similar securities with adjustments as necessary made using observable inputs which are market corroborated. For government sponsored mortgage-backed securities which do not transact in an active market, fair value is determined primarily based on pricing information obtained from pricing services and is verified by internal review processes.

•Asset-backed securities – Fair value is primarily determined based on pricing information obtained from independent pricing services adjusted for the characteristics and the performance of the underlying collateral.

•Foreign debt securities (government and corporate) - Government securities transact in an active market and therefore fair value measurements are based on quoted prices for the identical security or quoted prices for similar securities with adjustments as necessary made using observable inputs which are market corroborated. For non-callable corporate securities, a credit spread scale is created for each issuer. These spreads are then added to the equivalent maturity U.S. Treasury yield to determine current pricing. Credit spreads are obtained from the primary market, secondary trading levels and dealer quotes. For securities with early redemption features, an option adjusted spread model is incorporated to adjust the spreads determined above. Additionally, we survey the broker/dealer community to obtain relevant trade data including benchmark quotes and updated spreads.

•Equity securities – Fair value measurements are determined based on quoted prices for the identical security. Certain equity securities represent investments in private equity funds that help us comply with the Community Reinvestment Act. The fair value of these investments are estimated using the net asset value per share as calculated by the fund


HSBC USA Inc.

managers. Distributions will be received from the funds as the underlying assets are liquidated. While the funds do not allow us to redeem our investments, we are permitted to sell or transfer our investments subject to the approval of the fund manager. Unfunded commitments associated with these investments totaled ~~$27 million and $29~~$25 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~both March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021, respectively.~~2022.

The following tables provide additional information relating to our available-for-sale asset-backed securities at ~~June 30, 2022:~~March 31, 2023:

Rating of Securities:(1)

Collateral Type:

Level 3

(in millions)

AAA - A

Home equity - Alt A

1614

BBB - B

Other

9793

~~113~~107

(1)We utilize S&P as the primary source of credit ratings in the tables above. If S&P ratings are not available, ratings by Moody's and Fitch are used in that order.

Derivatives – Derivatives are recorded at fair value. Asset and liability positions in individual derivatives that are covered by legally enforceable master netting agreements, including receivables (payables) for cash collateral posted (received), are offset and presented net in accordance with accounting principles which allow the offsetting of amounts.

Derivatives traded on an exchange are valued using quoted prices. OTC derivatives, which comprise a majority of derivative contract positions, are valued using valuation techniques. The fair value for the majority of our derivative instruments are determined based on internally developed models that utilize independently corroborated market parameters, including interest rate yield curves, option volatilities, and currency rates. For complex or long-dated derivative products where market data is not available, fair value may be affected by the underlying assumptions about, among other things, the timing of cash flows, expected exposure, probability of default and recovery rates. The fair values of certain structured derivative products are sensitive to unobservable inputs such as correlations of the referenced variables and volatilities of embedded options. These estimates are susceptible to significant change in future periods as market conditions change.

We typically use the risk-free rate/overnight indexed swap curves as the base discounting curve for measuring the fair value of all derivatives, both collateralized and uncollateralized, and apply a FFVA to reflect the estimated present value of the future market funding cost or benefit associated with funding uncollateralized derivative exposure at an unsecured market funding rate. The FFVA is calculated by applying future market funding spreads to the expected future funding exposure of any


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uncollateralized component of the OTC derivative portfolio. The expected future funding exposure is calculated by a simulation methodology, where available, and is adjusted for events that may terminate the exposure, such as the default of HUSI or the counterparty.

Significant inputs related to derivative classes are broken down as follows:

•Credit Derivatives – Use credit default curves and recovery rates which are generally provided by broker quotes and various pricing services. Certain credit derivatives may also use correlation inputs in their model valuation.

•Interest Rate Derivatives – Swaps use interest rate curves based on currency that are actively quoted by brokers and other pricing services. Options will also use volatility inputs which are also quoted in the broker market.

•Foreign Exchange ("FX") Derivatives – FX transactions, to the extent possible, use spot and forward FX rates which are quoted in the broker market. Where applicable, we also use implied volatility of currency pairs as inputs.

•Equity Derivatives – Use listed equity security pricing and implied volatilities from equity traded options position.

•Precious Metal Derivatives – Use spot and forward metal rates which are quoted in the broker market.

As discussed earlier, we make fair value adjustments to model valuations in order to ensure that those values represent appropriate estimates of fair value. These adjustments, which are applied consistently over time, are generally required to reflect factors such as bid-ask spreads and counterparty credit risk that can affect prices in arms-length transactions with unrelated third parties. Such adjustments are based on management judgment and may not be observable.

We estimate the counterparty credit risk for financial assets and our own credit standing for financial liabilities (the "credit valuation adjustments") in determining the fair value measurement. For derivative instruments, we calculate the credit valuation adjustment by applying the probability of default of the counterparty to the expected exposure, and multiplying the result by the expected loss given default. We also take into consideration the risk mitigating factors including collateral agreements and master netting agreements in determining credit valuation adjustments. We estimate the implied probability of default based on the credit spread of the specific counterparty observed in the credit default swap market. Where credit default spread of the counterparty is not available, we use the credit default spread of a specific proxy (e.g., the credit default swap spread of the counterparty's parent) or a proxy based on credit default swaps referencing to credit names of similar credit standing.


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Real estate owned - Fair value is determined based on third party appraisals obtained at the time we take title to the property and, if less than the carrying amount of the loan, the carrying amount of the loan is adjusted to the fair value. The carrying amount of the property is further reduced, if necessary, at least every 90 days to reflect observable local market data, including local area sales data.

Mortgage servicing rights - Mortgage servicing rights are recorded at fair value. The fair value for the mortgage servicing rights is determined based on a single rate path cash flow analysis approach which involves discounting servicing cash flows under static interest rate projections at risk-adjusted rates. The valuation model also incorporates our best estimates of the prepayment speed of the mortgage loans, current cost to service and discount rates which are unobservable.

Client share repurchase transaction designated under FVO - We elected to apply FVO accounting to a client share repurchase transaction at December 31, 2022, which was completed during the first quarter of 2023. The fair value of the asset and liability associated with this transaction was determined based on the value of the remaining shares to be delivered.

Structured notes and deposits designated under FVO – Structured notes and deposits are hybrid instruments containing embedded derivatives and are elected to be measured at fair value in their entirety under FVO accounting principles. The valuation of hybrid instruments is predominantly driven by the derivative features embedded within the instruments and our own credit risk. The valuation of embedded derivatives may include significant unobservable inputs such as correlation of the referenced credit names or volatility of the embedded option. Cash flows of the funded notes and deposits in their entirety, including the embedded derivatives, are discounted at the relevant interest rates for the duration of the instrument adjusted for our own credit spreads. The credit spreads so applied are determined with reference to our own debt issuance rates observed in primary and secondary markets, internal funding rates, and the structured note rates in recent executions.

Long-term debt designated under FVO – We elected to apply FVO accounting to certain of our own debt issuances for which fair value hedge accounting otherwise would have been applied. These own debt issuances elected under FVO are traded in secondary markets and, as such, the fair value is determined based on observed prices for the specific instrument. The observed market price of these instruments reflects the effect of our own credit spreads. The credit spreads applied to these instruments were derived from the spreads at the measurement date.

Additional Disclosures About the Fair Value of Financial Instruments that are Not Carried at Fair Value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet The fair value estimates set forth below are made solely to comply with disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States and should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included in this report.

The carrying amount of certain financial instruments recorded at cost on the consolidated balance sheet is considered to approximate fair value because they are short-term in nature, bear interest rates that approximate market rates, and generally have negligible credit risk. These items include cash and due from banks, interest bearing deposits with banks, customer acceptance assets and liabilities, federal funds sold and purchased, securities purchased and sold under resale and repurchase


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

agreements, deposits with no stated maturity (e.g., demand, savings and certain money market deposits), short-term borrowings and dividends payable.


HSBC USA Inc.

The following table summarizes the carrying value and estimated fair value of our financial instruments, excluding financial instruments that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis, at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, and their classification within the fair value hierarchy:


June 30, 2022		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
March 31, 2023												March 31, 2023	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
		(in millions)											(in millions)
Financial assets:	Financial assets:											Financial assets:
Short-term financial assets, net of allowance for credit losses	Short-term financial assets, net of allowance for credit losses	$	43,575	$	43,575	$	981	$	42,538	$	56	Short-term financial assets, net of allowance for credit losses	$	24,130	$	24,130	$	922	$	23,167	$	41
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell	Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell	4,941		4,941		—		4,941		—		Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell	21,721		21,721		—		21,721		—
Securities held-to-maturity, net of allowance for credit losses	Securities held-to-maturity, net of allowance for credit losses	4,666		4,512		—		4,512		—		Securities held-to-maturity, net of allowance for credit losses	10,552		10,219		—		10,219		—
Commercial loans, net of allowance for credit losses	Commercial loans, net of allowance for credit losses	44,196		45,385		—		—		45,385		Commercial loans, net of allowance for credit losses	41,214		41,601		—		—		41,601
Commercial loans held for sale	Commercial loans held for sale	201		201		—		201		—		Commercial loans held for sale	118		118		—		118		—
Consumer loans, net of allowance for credit losses	Consumer loans, net of allowance for credit losses	17,068		15,923		—		—		15,923		Consumer loans, net of allowance for credit losses	17,642		16,099		—		—		16,099

Consumer loans held for sale	Consumer loans held for sale	94		94		—		12		82		Consumer loans held for sale	2		2		—		2		—
Financial liabilities:	Financial liabilities:											Financial liabilities:
Short-term financial liabilities	Short-term financial liabilities	$	5,954	$	5,954	$	—	$	5,898	$	56	Short-term financial liabilities	$	6,863	$	6,863	$	—	$	6,822	$	41
Deposits	Deposits	125,245		125,226		—		125,226		—		Deposits	120,764		120,712		—		120,712		—

Long-term debt	Long-term debt	8,906		9,411		—		9,411		—		Long-term debt	10,570		11,029		—		11,029		—


December 31, 2021		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
December 31, 2022												December 31, 2022	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
		(in millions)											(in millions)
Financial assets:	Financial assets:											Financial assets:
Short-term financial assets, net of allowance for credit losses	Short-term financial assets, net of allowance for credit losses	$	48,404	$	48,404	$	954	$	47,400	$	50	Short-term financial assets, net of allowance for credit losses	$	18,802	$	18,802	$	1,004	$	17,744	$	54
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell	Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell	10,514		10,514		—		10,514		—		Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell	23,085		23,085		—		23,085		—
Securities held-to-maturity, net of allowance for credit losses	Securities held-to-maturity, net of allowance for credit losses	5,203		5,359		—		5,359		—		Securities held-to-maturity, net of allowance for credit losses	7,317		6,862		—		6,862		—
Commercial loans, net of allowance for credit losses	Commercial loans, net of allowance for credit losses	39,376		39,862		—		—		39,862		Commercial loans, net of allowance for credit losses	41,266		42,050		—		—		42,050
Commercial loans held for sale	Commercial loans held for sale	438		443		—		359		84		Commercial loans held for sale	112		112		—		112		—
Consumer loans, net of allowance for credit losses	Consumer loans, net of allowance for credit losses	16,041		15,672		—		—		15,672		Consumer loans, net of allowance for credit losses	17,510		15,984		—		—		15,984

Consumer loans held for sale	Consumer loans held for sale	3,731		3,809		—		77		3,732		Consumer loans held for sale	5		5		—		5		—

Financial liabilities:	Financial liabilities:											Financial liabilities:
Short-term financial liabilities	Short-term financial liabilities	$	6,389	$	6,389	$	—	$	6,338	$	51	Short-term financial liabilities	$	5,999	$	5,999	$	—	$	5,945	$	54
Deposits	Deposits	131,533		131,533		—		131,533		—		Deposits	121,669		121,652		—		121,652		—
Deposits held for sale		8,750		8,750		—		8,750		—

Long-term debt	Long-term debt	8,294		8,861		—		8,861		—		Long-term debt	9,213		9,769		—		9,769		—

Lending-related commitments - The fair value of loan commitments, revolving credit facilities and standby letters of credit are not included in the above table. The majority of the lending-related commitments are not carried at fair value on a recurring basis nor are they actively traded. These instruments generate fees, which approximate those currently charged to originate similar commitments, which are recognized over the term of the commitment period. Deferred fees on loan commitments, revolving credit facilities and standby letters of credit totaled ~~$155~~$160 million and ~~$151~~$158 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

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20. Litigation and Regulatory Matters

The following supplements, and should be read together with, the disclosure in Note 30, "Litigation and Regulatory Matters," in our ~~2021~~2022 Form ~~10-K and in Note 20, "Litigation and Regulatory Matters," in our Form 10-Q for the three-month period ended March 31, 2022 (the "2022 First Quarter Form 10-Q").~~10-K. Only those matters with significant updates and new matters since our disclosure in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K ~~and our 2022 First Quarter Form 10-Q~~ are reported herein.

In addition to the matters described below and in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K, ~~and our 2022 First Quarter Form 10-Q,~~ in the ordinary course of business, we are routinely named as defendants in, or as parties to, various legal actions and proceedings relating to activities of our current and/or former operations. These legal actions and proceedings may include claims for substantial or indeterminate compensatory or punitive damages, or for injunctive relief. In the ordinary course of business, we also are subject to governmental and regulatory examinations, information-gathering requests, investigations and proceedings (both formal and informal), certain of which may result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, penalties, injunctions or other relief. In connection with formal and informal inquiries by these regulators, we receive numerous requests, subpoenas and orders seeking documents, testimony and other information in connection with various aspects of our regulated activities.

Due to the inherent unpredictability of legal matters, including litigation, governmental and regulatory matters, particularly where the damages sought are substantial or indeterminate or when the proceedings or investigations are in the early stages, we cannot determine with any degree of certainty the timing or ultimate resolution of such matters or the eventual loss, fines, penalties or business impact, if any, that may result. We establish reserves for litigation, governmental and regulatory matters when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and can be reasonably estimated. Once established, reserves are adjusted from time to time, as appropriate, in light of additional information. The actual costs of resolving litigation and regulatory matters, however, may be substantially higher than the amounts reserved for those matters. Some of our exposure may be offset by applicable insurance coverage. We do not consider the possible availability of insurance coverage in determining the amounts of any accruals (although we record the amount of related insurance recoveries that are deemed probable up to the amount of the accrual).

For the legal matters disclosed below, including litigation and governmental and regulatory matters, as well as for the legal matters disclosed in Note 30, "Litigation and Regulatory Matters," in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K, ~~and in Note 20, "Litigation and Regulatory Matters," in our 2022 First Quarter Form 10-Q,~~ as to which a loss in excess of accrued liability is reasonably possible in future periods and for which there is sufficient currently available information on the basis of which management believes it can make a reliable estimate, we believe a reasonable estimate could be as much as ~~$150~~$125 million for HUSI. The legal matters underlying this estimate of possible loss will change from time to time and actual results may differ significantly from this current estimate.

In addition, based on the facts currently known for each of the ongoing investigations disclosed in Note 30, "Litigation and Regulatory Matters," in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K, ~~and in Note 20, "Litigation and Regulatory Matters," in our 2022 First Quarter Form 10-Q,~~ it is not practicable at this time for us to determine the terms on which these ongoing investigations will be resolved or the timing of such resolution. As matters progress, it is possible that any fines and/or penalties could be significant.

Given the substantial or indeterminate amounts sought in certain of these matters, and the inherent unpredictability of such matters, an adverse outcome in certain of these matters could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements in any particular quarterly or annual period.

Credit Card Litigation

In March 2023, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ("Second Circuit") affirmed the district court's 2019 decision granting final approval of the monetary relief settlement in In re Payment Card Interchange Fee and Merchant Discount Antitrust Litigation, MDL 1720, E.D.N.Y.

Foreign Exchange ("FX") Matters

In Nypl v. JPMorgan Chase, et al. ~~The Plaintiffs~~; (Case No. 1:15-CV-9300), the court granted defendants' motion for summary judgment in March 2023.

Investigations

In June 2020, the Competition Commission of South Africa, having initially referred a complaint for proceedings before the South African Competition Tribunal in February 2017, filed a ~~notice of appeal of~~revised complaint against 28 financial institutions, including HSBC Bank USA, for alleged anti-competitive behavior in the ~~court's decision denying their motion for class certification.~~South African foreign exchange market. In March 2023, the South African Competition Tribunal denied applications by HSBC Bank USA and other banks to dismiss the revised complaint.

Precious Metals Fix Matters

~~In re Commodity Exchange Inc., Gold Futures~~Platinum and ~~Options Trading Litigation (Gold~~Palladium Fix ~~Litigation)~~ ~~In May 2022, the court granted final approval of the settlement.~~

~~Madoff Litigation~~ Fairfield Sentry Limited, Fairfield Sigma Limited and Fairfield Lambda Limited (together "Fairfield"), funds whose assets were directly or indirectly invested with Madoff Securities, commenced multiple suits in the United States against numerous fund shareholders, including various HSBC companies that acted as nominees for clients of HSBC's private banking business and other clients who invested in the Fairfield funds, seeking restitution of payments made in connection with share redemptions. Fairfield voluntarily discontinued the claims against HSBC Bank USA in May 2022 in the remaining case in which it was named (~~In re Fairfield Sentry Limited, et al~~).

~~Benchmark Rate~~ Litigation

~~Intercontinental Exchange ("ICE") LIBOR~~ ~~Plaintiffs did not seek further review of~~ In February 2023, the ~~appellate~~Second Circuit reversed the district court's dismissal of ~~plaintiffs' appeal, so~~ the ~~matter is now concluded.~~action and subsequently denied defendants' motion for rehearing en banc.

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HSBC USA Inc.

Mortgage Securitization Trust Litigation In March 2023, the denial of HSBC Bank USA's motion to dismiss in the action brought by Freedom Trust 2011-2 was affirmed on appeal. HSBC Bank USA ~~reached agreements~~has filed a motion seeking leave to appeal to the New York State Court of Appeals. The trial court granted HSBC Bank USA's motion to dismiss in ~~principle to settle actions brought by RMBS Recovery Holdings I, LLC~~the Mark Zittman action. Zittman has appealed.

Other Regulatory and ~~IKB Bank AG. The net impact~~Law Enforcement Investigations

Based on the facts currently known, in respect of each of the ~~settlements~~above investigations, it is not practicable at this time for us to determine the terms on which these ongoing investigations will ~~not~~ be ~~material~~resolved or the timing of such resolution or for us to ~~our results~~estimate reliably the amounts, or range of ~~operations.~~possible amounts, of any fines and/or penalties. As matters progress, it is possible that any fines and/or penalties could be significant.

21. New Accounting Pronouncements

The following ~~are~~ new accounting ~~pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board which will be~~pronouncement was adopted ~~in future periods:~~during 2023:

Accounting Standards Update

Summary of Guidance

Financial Statement Impact

Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures

Issued March 2022

•Eliminates the accounting guidance for TDR Loans by creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan ~~refinancings and restructurings~~payment modifications by creditors made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

•Requires new disclosure of current-period gross charge-offs by year of origination for loans.

•Should be applied prospectively, with the exception of the guidance related to the recognition and measurement of TDR Loans which may be applied by recording a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective.

•~~Effective~~The new guidance is being applied prospectively for ~~all annual and interim periods~~new loan modifications beginning January 1, 2023 ~~with early adoption permitted.~~while the accounting for our remaining population of TDR Loans did not materially change.

•~~We are currently evaluating~~See Note 6, "Loans," for the new disclosures required by this standard.

•The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our financial position or results of ~~adopting this guidance.~~operations.

There have been no additional accounting pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board that are expected to ~~have or could~~ have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain matters discussed throughout this Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In addition, we may make or approve certain statements in future filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), in press releases, or oral or written presentations by representatives of HSBC USA Inc. ("HSBC USA" and, together with its subsidiaries, "HUSI") that are not statements of historical fact and may also constitute forward-looking statements. Words such as "may," "will," "should," "would," "could," "appears," "believe," "intends," "expects," "estimates," "targeted," "plans," "anticipates," "goal," and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but should not be considered as the only means through which these statements may be made. All discussions related to strategy, including the matters discussed under the heading "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Executive Overview" and discussions of those matters elsewhere in this Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements. These matters or statements will relate to our future ~~structure,~~ operations, strategy, financial condition, economic forecast, results of operations, plans, objectives, performance or business developments and will involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from that which was expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.

All forward-looking statements are, by their nature, subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. Our actual future results may differ materially from those set forth in our forward-looking statements. While there is no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties or risk factors is complete, below are certain factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements:

•~~the impact of the coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic, including the emergence of new variants;~~

•our ability to effectively implement and deliver on our business strategies, and the effect implementation of our business strategy may have on our financial results, operations and relationships with our customers, regulators, employees and other stakeholders;

•uncertainty concerning the future market and economic conditions in the United States and abroad, including but not limited to, changes in interest rates, energy prices, inflation, supply chain issues, a decline in housing prices, the availability of credit and liquidity, unemployment levels, turmoil in the financial markets and related efforts of government agencies to stabilize the financial system, changes in consumer confidence and consumer spending and behavior, consumer perception as to the continuing availability of credit and price competition in the market segments we serve and the consequences of unexpected geopolitical events, such as trade disputes;

•compliance with the Chinese National Security Law and the Hong Kong Autonomy Act, which may impact, among other things, individuals or entities with which we are able to conduct business;

•changes in laws and regulatory requirements;

•the potential impact of any legal, regulatory or policy changes affecting financial institutions and the global economy as a result of the new administration;

•the ability to deliver on our regulatory priorities;

•capital and liquidity requirements under Basel guidance, the Federal Reserve Board's ("FRB") Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review ("CCAR") program, and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 ("Dodd-Frank Act" or "Dodd-Frank") stress testing ("DFAST"), including the U.S. FRB requirements for U.S. global systemically important banks ("G-SIBs") and U.S. intermediate holding companies ("IHCs") owned by non-U.S. G-SIBs to issue total loss-absorbing capacity ("TLAC") instruments;

•regulatory requirements in the U.S. and in non-U.S. jurisdictions to facilitate the future orderly resolution of large financial institutions;

•changes in central banks' policies with respect to the provision or removal of liquidity support to financial markets;

•the ability of HSBC Holdings plc ("HSBC" and, together with its subsidiaries, "HSBC Group") and HSBC Bank USA, National Association (together with its subsidiaries, "HSBC Bank USA") to fulfill the requirements imposed by ~~applicable~~a consent ~~orders~~order or guidance from regulators generally;

•the use of us as a conduit for illegal activities without our knowledge by third parties;

•the ability to successfully manage our risks;

•the possibility of the inadequacy of our data management and policies and processes;

•the financial condition of our clients and counterparties and our ability to manage counterparty risk;

•concentrations of credit and market risk;


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

•increases in our allowance for credit losses and changes in our assessment of our loan portfolios;

•the ability to successfully implement changes to our operational practices as needed and/or required from time to time;


HSBC USA Inc.

•damage to our reputation;

•the ability to attract or retain key employees, including foreign workers, and customers;

•the effects of competition in the markets where we operate including increased competition from non-bank financial services companies, including securities firms;

•the effects of operational risks that are inherent in banking operations, including fraudulent and other criminal activities, breakdowns in processes or procedures and systems failure or non-availability;

•disruption in our operations from the external environment arising from events such as natural disasters, outbreaks of contagious disease, acts of war, terrorist attacks, or essential utility outages;

•risks associated with Environmental, Social and Governance ("ESG") matters such as climate change and anti-trust and human rights ~~violations;~~issues;

•a failure in or a breach of our operation or security systems or infrastructure, or those of third party servicers or vendors, including as a result of cyberattacks;

•the ability of third party suppliers, outsourcing vendors, off-shored functions and our affiliates to provide adequate services;

•losses suffered due to the negligence, fraud or misconduct of our employees or the negligence, fraud or misconduct on the part of third parties;

•a failure in our internal controls;

•our ability to meet our funding requirements;

•adverse changes to our credit ratings;

•financial difficulties or credit downgrades of mortgage bond insurers;

•changes in Financial Accounting Standards Board and International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB") accounting standards and their interpretation;

•heightened regulatory and government enforcement scrutiny of financial institutions, including in connection with product governance and sales practices, account opening and closing procedures, customer and employee complaints and sales compensation structures related to such practices;

•possible negative impact of regulatory investigations and legal proceedings related to alleged foreign exchange manipulation;

•changes in the methodology for determining benchmark rates and the implementation of alternative benchmark rates, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR");

•heightened regulatory and government enforcement scrutiny of financial markets, with a particular focus on traded asset classes, including foreign exchange;

•the possibility of incorrect assumptions or estimates in our financial statements, including reserves related to litigation, deferred tax assets and the fair value of certain assets and liabilities;

•model limitations or failure;

•the possibility of incorrect interpretations, application of or changes in tax laws to which we and our clients are subject;

•unexpected and/or increased expenses relating to, among other things, litigation and regulatory matters, remediation efforts, penalties and fines; and

•the other risk factors and uncertainties described under Item 1A, "Risk Factors," in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021~~2022 (the ~~"2021~~"2022 Form 10-K").

Forward-looking statements are based on our current views and assumptions and speak only as of the date they are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect subsequent circumstances or events. You should, however, consider any additional disclosures of a forward-looking nature that arise after the date hereof as may be discussed in any of our subsequent Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K.

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Executive Overview

HSBC USA is a wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC North America Holdings Inc. ("HSBC North America"), which is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC. HUSI may also be referred to in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") as "we," "us" or "our."

Economic Environment U.S. economic activity slowed during the first ~~half~~quarter of ~~2022.~~2023 reflecting continued pressures from high inflation and rising interest rates. In addition, recent bank failures have raised concerns about potential weakness in the banking sector, which could lead to tighter credit conditions for households and businesses, further weighing on economic activity. U.S. Gross Domestic Product ("GDP") ~~contracted~~is currently forecast to have grown at an ~~estimated~~ annual rate of ~~0.9~~1.1 percent in the ~~second~~first quarter of ~~2022. Repercussions from~~2023, while the Russia-Ukraine war alongside the economic impacts that continue to result from the COVID-19 pandemic have disrupted supply chains and increased energy prices. There has also been a significant rise in inflation, which reached a 40-year high in June. The personal consumption expenditures price index ~~increased to an estimated annual rate~~ of ~~6.8~~4.2 percent in ~~the second quarter of 2022,~~March 2023 remained well above the FRB's target inflation rate. ~~The~~In March 2023, the FRB increased short-term interest rates by ~~a total of 150~~25 basis points, ~~during~~ the ~~first half of 2022~~second such rate increase this quarter, and ~~has announced~~indicated that ~~it will increase~~some additional increases in short-term interest rates ~~further during the second half of 2022~~may be needed in 2023 in order to fight inflation.

~~These conditions~~The impacts of high inflation, rising interest rates and slowing economic growth, in addition to recent banking sector concerns, have created significant uncertainty about the future economic environment which will continue to ~~evolve and~~ impact our business in future periods. ~~While our credit risk exposure to Russia was immaterial at June 30, 2022, it is difficult to anticipate the full effect of sanctions announced to date on our business and on our customers.~~ Concerns over ~~interest rate levels, energy prices,~~ domestic and global policy issues, trade policy in the U.S. and geopolitical events, as well as the implications of those events on the markets in general, further add to the global uncertainty. There is also a risk that interest rate increases to fight inflation could lead to a recession. Interest rate levels, inflation and ~~energy prices,~~economic growth, in combination with global economic conditions, fiscal and monetary policy and the level of regulatory and government scrutiny of financial institutions will continue to impact our results in ~~2022~~2023 and beyond.

Performance, Developments and Trends We continue to progress our strategic plan to restructure our operations ("Restructuring Plan") as discussed further in Note 2, "Strategic Initiatives," in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. We remain committed to our multi-year strategic plan to re-profile our business.

As previously announced, in February 2022, we completed the sale of the branch disposal group associated with the exit of our mass market retail banking business to third parties and recognized a gain on sale of approximately $111 million, net of transaction costs. See Note 3, "Branch Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale," in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.

~~In addition to the branch disposal group discussed above, during~~During the first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, two regional bank failures triggered turmoil throughout the banking industry as contagion fears spread. To date, we ~~sold~~have not experienced any significant impact to our liquidity, deposits or funding capabilities as a ~~portfolio~~result of consumer loans consisting primarily of certain non-performing mortgage loans and government-backed mortgage loans that we previously transferred to held for sale in 2021 as part of our Restructuring Plan. These mortgage loans had a carrying value of $904 million, including $865 million of residential mortgages and $39 million of home equity mortgages, and we recognized a loss on sale of $35 million, largely reflecting changes in the final terms of the sale.this industry turmoil.

The following tables set forth selected financial metrics of HUSI for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022 and ~~2021 and~~ at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


		Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022			2021			2022			2021
Three Months Ended March 31,														Three Months Ended March 31,		2023			2022
		(dollars are in millions)													(dollars are in millions)
Net income	Net income	$	90		$	193		$	291		$	532		Net income		$	217		$	201
Rate of return on average:	Rate of return on average:													Rate of return on average:
Total assets	Total assets	.2		%	.4		%	.3		%	.5		%	Total assets		.5		%	.4		%
Common equity	Common equity	1.4		%	3.7		%	3.4			5.9			Common equity		7.3			5.3
Tangible common equity(1)	Tangible common equity(1)	1.5			3.8			3.5			6.1			Tangible common equity(1)		7.6			5.4
Total equity	Total equity	2.3			4.3			3.6			5.9			Total equity		7.1			4.9
Net interest margin	Net interest margin	1.32			1.14			1.21			1.16			Net interest margin		1.28			1.12
Efficiency ratio	Efficiency ratio	79.2			97.0			75.0			85.2			Efficiency ratio		67.2			71.2
Commercial net charge-off ratio(2)	Commercial net charge-off ratio(2)	.01			.25			.08			.13			Commercial net charge-off ratio(2)		.04			.15
Consumer net charge-off ratio(2)	Consumer net charge-off ratio(2)	(.12)			1.66			(.11)			.98			Consumer net charge-off ratio(2)		.09			(.10)


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

(1)The following table provides a reconciliation of average common equity to average tangible common equity:


		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021		2022		2021
Three Months Ended March 31,										Three Months Ended March 31,		2023		2022
		(in millions)									(in millions)
Common equity	Common equity	$	14,532	$	16,810	$	15,018	$	16,875	Common equity		$	12,091	$	15,510
Less: Goodwill	Less: Goodwill	458		458		458		458		Less: Goodwill		458		458
Less: Intangible assets - purchased credit card relationships	Less: Intangible assets - purchased credit card relationships	—		6		—		6		Less: Intangible assets - purchased credit card relationships		—		1
Tangible common equity	Tangible common equity	$	14,074	$	16,346	$	14,560	$	16,411	Tangible common equity		$	11,633	$	15,051

(2)Excludes loans held for sale.

June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Additional Select Ratios:
Allowance as a percent of loans(1)
.86 % .80 %
Commercial allowance as a percent of loans(1)
1.12 1.06
Consumer allowance as a percent of loans(1)
.20 .17
Loans to deposits ratio(2)
48.52 41.69
Common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets 15.0 15.1
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets 16.2 16.3
Total capital to risk-weighted assets 18.4 18.5
Tier 1 leverage ratio 9.8 8.5
Total equity to total assets 9.1 9.0


HSBC USA Inc.


	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Additional Select Ratios:
Allowance as a percent of loans(1)	.99	%	.98	%
Commercial allowance as a percent of loans(1)	1.36		1.32
Consumer allowance as a percent of loans(1)	.11		.19
Loans to deposits ratio(2)	48.58		48.00
Common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	13.8		13.5
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	14.1		13.8
Total capital to risk-weighted assets	16.4		16.1
Tier 1 leverage ratio	8.6		8.5

Total equity to total assets	7.6		7.4

(1)Excludes loans held for sale.

(2)Represents period end loans, net of allowance for loan losses, as a percentage of total deposits.

Net income was ~~$90 million and $291~~$217 million during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022, respectively,~~March 31, 2023 compared with ~~$193 million and $532~~$201 million during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2021, respectively.~~March 31, 2022. Income before income tax was ~~$113 million and $379~~$287 million during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022, respectively,~~March 31, 2023 compared with ~~$254 million and $714~~$266 million during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2021, respectively.~~March 31, 2022. The ~~decrease~~increase in income before income tax during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 was due primarily to ~~a higher provision for credit losses which reflected loss provisions in the current year periods~~lower operating expenses driven by the ~~weakening of economic conditions compared with releases in credit loss reserves in the prior year periods driven by improved economic conditions and the impact~~completion of our ~~decision~~strategic plan to ~~exit~~restructure our ~~mass market retail banking business which resulted in a release~~operations ("Restructuring Plan"), including the non-recurrence of ~~credit loss reserves and a reduction to the provision for credit losses~~$48 million of approximately $101 million during the second quarter of 2021. This decrease was partially offset by lower operating expenses and higher other revenues driven by higher trading revenue and, in the year-to-date period, the gain on sale of the branch disposal group as discussed above. While net interest income was lower and contributed to the decrease in the year-to-date period, it was higher in the three-month period.

Our reported results in all periods were impacted by certain items management believes to be significant, which affect comparability between periods. Significant items are excluded to arrive at adjusted performance because management would ordinarily identify and consider them separately to better understand underlying business trends. The following table summarizes the impact of these significant items for all periods presented:

Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2022 2021 2022 2021
(in millions)
Income before income tax, as reported $ 113 $ 254 $ 379 $ 714
Costs to achieve(1)
69 129 152 154
Gain on sale of branch disposal group, net — — (111) —
Loss related to Visa Inc. Class B common shares previously sold(2)
31 — 31 —
Adjusted performance(3)
$ 213 $ 383 $ 451 $ 868

~~(1)Reflects~~ costs related to the delivery of our Restructuring ~~Plan.~~ Plan ("Costs to ~~achieve~~Achieve") recorded during the first quarter of 2022 as discussed further below. This increase was partially offset by lower other revenues driven by the non-recurrence of a gain of $111 million recorded during the first quarter of 2022 on the sale of the branch disposal group associated with the exit of our mass market retail banking business. See Note 3, "Sale of Certain Branch Assets and Liabilities," in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.

As previously disclosed, we completed our Restructuring Plan over the three-year period of 2020-2022. Costs to Achieve primarily ~~consists~~consisted of lease impairment and other related costs, severance costs and allocated costs from HSBC Technology & Services (USA) Inc. ("HTSU")~~, and in~~. Costs to Achieve also included allocated costs from other HSBC affiliates related to the ~~prior year periods, trading losses associated with the exit of certain derivative contracts.~~HSBC Group's restructuring activities. See Note 2, "Strategic Initiatives," in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a more detailed discussion of these


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

costs. The expense during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 also includes $25 million and $42 million, respectively, of allocated costs from other HSBC affiliates related to the HSBC Group's restructuring activities as well as a loss of $3 million on the sale of certain global banking loans and, in the year-to-date period, a loss of $35 million on the sale of a portfolio of consumer mortgage loans. The expense during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 also includes $11 million and $18 million, respectively, of allocated costs from other HSBC affiliates related to the HSBC Group's restructuring activities.

~~(2)~~Reflects a loss on the swap agreements we entered into to retain the litigation risk associated with the Visa Inc. ("Visa") Class B common shares ("Class B Shares") we sold to a third party in 2016 and 2017. The loss recorded in the second quarter of 2022 related to an increase in the expected timing of the final resolution of the related litigation and, to a lesser extent, a change in the Visa Class B Share conversion rate. See Note 18, "Guarantee Arrangements, Pledged Assets and Repurchase Agreements," in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.

~~(3)Represents a non-U.S. GAAP financial measure.~~

Excluding the impact of the items in the table above, our adjusted performance during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 decreased $170 million and $417 million, respectively, compared with the prior year periods due primarily to a higher provision for credit losses as discussed above. This decrease was partially offset by lower operating expenses and higher other revenues driven by higher trading revenue. While net interest income was lower and contributed to the decrease in the year-to-date period, it was higher in the three-month period.

See "Results of Operations" for a more detailed discussion of our operating trends. In addition, see "Balance Sheet Review" for further discussion on our asset and liability trends, "Liquidity and Capital Resources" for further discussion on funding and capital and "Credit Quality" for additional discussion on our credit trends.

London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") Transition Regulators and central banks in various national jurisdictions continue to actively work to help transition from interbank offered rates to acceptable alternative rates, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") recommended by the Alternative Reference Rates Committee convened by the FRB. In March ~~2022,~~2023, the ~~Adjustable Interest Rate Act~~United Kingdom ("U.K") Financial Conduct Authority announced that the one-month, three-month and six-month U.S. dollar ("USD") LIBOR ~~Act") was signed into law in order~~tenors will continue to ~~provide a federal solution for replacing~~be published until September 30, 2024, using an amended methodology (i.e., on an unrepresentative "synthetic" basis), while the less commonly used overnight and twelve-month USD LIBOR tenors will cease to be provided immediately after June 30, 2023 as previously planned. The extension of certain USD LIBOR tenors on a synthetic basis until September 2024 further aids in reducing the risks associated with ~~a SOFR-based rate~~transitioning legacy contracts onto replacement rates. These synthetic tenors will be available only for use in certain legacy LIBOR-based contracts. Under the LIBOR Act, the FRB is required to issue a regulation within 180 days identifying which version of SOFR will apply. This federal legislation is expected to facilitate the transition of certain of our legacy LIBOR-based contracts, ~~which do~~and are not ~~specify a replacement rate or contain an adequate fallback mechanism.~~for use in new business.

We continue to actively participate in HSBC's global transition program with the objective of facilitating an orderly transition of all products, processes, models and curves, as well as all legacy LIBOR-based contracts, onto replacement rates. The ~~current~~ focus of our client transition efforts is on those remaining USD-LIBOR based contracts that ~~will be impacted by USD LIBOR tenors ceasing or becoming non-representative immediately~~mature after June 30, 2023. Such contracts outstanding at ~~June 30, 2022 included~~March 31, 2023 consisted primarily of contracts for ~~non-derivative financial assets~~USD LIBOR-based loans with a carrying value of approximately ~~$21.8~~$14.3 billion, ~~primarily consisting of~~ USD LIBOR-based ~~loans, contracts for non-derivative financial liabilities~~long-term debt with a carrying value of approximately $1.1 billion ~~primarily consisting of USD LIBOR-based long-term debt~~ ($1.0 billion of which is already set to transition to SOFR as of July 1, 2023), and ~~contracts for~~ USD LIBOR-based derivatives with a notional value of approximately ~~$22.6~~$16.9 billion. The substantial majority of our outstanding USD LIBOR-based derivative contracts adhere to and are covered by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association fallback ~~protocol.~~protocol, and are set to automatically transition at the first reset subsequent to June 30, 2023. For USD LIBOR-based loans, approximately $6.6 billion represents legacy contracts in our consumer mortgage loan portfolio which are set to transition to a SOFR-based rate at the first applicable


HSBC USA Inc.

reset subsequent to June 30, 2023. The remainder of our USD LIBOR-based loans are legacy contracts in our commercial loan portfolio of approximately $7.7 billion which will require further outreach with our clients in order to transition.

The ability of HUSI and its clients to transition legacy contracts onto replacement rates is dependent on the availability of products that reference replacement rates, including SOFR, and on our customers being ready and able to adapt their own processes and systems to accommodate the replacement products. Market ~~readiness in support~~and industry use of ~~USD LIBOR transition could slow the transition~~SOFR has increased and we remain ~~prepared that~~committed to completing the transition of substantially all outstanding contracts ~~could be concentrated in late 2022 and~~during the first half of 2023. We continue to engage with industry participants, the official sector and our clients to support an orderly transition and the mitigation of the risks resulting from the transition. ~~For further discussion of our LIBOR transition program and the associated risks, see "Executive Overview" in MD&A in our 2021 Form 10-K.~~


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

Basis of Reporting

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP").

Group Reporting Basis We report financial information to HSBC in accordance with HSBC Group accounting and reporting policies, which apply International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRSs") as issued by the IASB. As a result, our segment results are prepared and presented using financial information prepared on the basis of HSBC Group's accounting and reporting policies ("Group Reporting Basis"). Because operating results on the Group Reporting Basis are used in managing our businesses and rewarding performance of employees, our management also separately monitors profit before tax under this basis of reporting. The following table reconciles our U.S. GAAP versus Group Reporting Basis profit before tax:


		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022		2021		2022		2021
Three Months Ended March 31,										Three Months Ended March 31,		2023		2022
		(in millions)									(in millions)
Profit before tax – U.S. GAAP basis	Profit before tax – U.S. GAAP basis	$	113	$	254	$	379	$	714	Profit before tax – U.S. GAAP basis		$	287	$	266
Adjustments:	Adjustments:									Adjustments:
Other long-lived assets										Other long-lived assets		33		11
Renewable energy tax credit investments										Renewable energy tax credit investments		4		7

Loans held for sale										Loans held for sale		(2)		(5)
Expected credit losses	Expected credit losses	22		(49)		74		(188)		Expected credit losses		(8)		52
Other long-lived assets		12		29		23		39
Loans held for sale		11		(96)		6		(104)
Renewable energy tax credit investments		6		5		13		9
Pension and other postretirement benefit costs		—		(1)		(3)		(5)

Other	Other	(4)		—		1		2		Other		7		2
Profit before tax – Group Reporting Basis	Profit before tax – Group Reporting Basis	$	160	$	142	$	493	$	467	Profit before tax – Group Reporting Basis		$	321	$	333

The significant differences between U.S. GAAP and the Group Reporting Basis as they impact our results are summarized in Note 25, "Business Segments," in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes since December 31, ~~2021~~2022 in the differences between U.S. GAAP and the Group Reporting Basis impacting our results. Differences in reported profit before tax in the table above that were individually significant for the periods presented are explained below.

During the ~~three~~first quarter of 2023, other long-lived assets in the table above reflects $19 million of lease related impairment charges under U.S. GAAP associated with the exit of certain office space, while under the Group Reporting Basis, impairment was recognized when we committed to vacate the space in the fourth quarter of 2022. In addition, amortization expense for long-lived assets in both periods was higher under U.S. GAAP due to the impact of impairment charges recorded under the Group Reporting Basis in prior years. In 2020, we recorded an impairment charge under the Group Reporting Basis related to the write-off of all the capitalized software and ~~six months ended June 30, 2022,~~a portion of the leasehold improvements associated with our Wealth and Personal Banking business segment, while under U.S. GAAP no impairment charge was required. Subsequent to the impairment charge in 2020, we recorded additional impairment charges under the Group Reporting Basis for newly completed leasehold improvements in our Wealth and Personal Banking business segment, while under U.S. GAAP they are capitalized and amortized. Consequently, the carrying amounts of capitalized software and leasehold improvements are higher under U.S. GAAP than under the Group Reporting Basis and, as a result, corresponding amortization expense is higher under U.S. GAAP.

During the first quarter of 2023, expected credit losses were ~~higher~~lower under U.S. GAAP than under the Group Reporting Basis. Under the Group Reporting Basis, a majority of our loans are considered to be in "stage 1" (which requires a 12-month expected credit losses estimate), while under U.S. GAAP such loans require a lifetime expected credit losses ("ECL") estimate. Primarily as a result of the different requirements, ~~loss provisions driven by~~ the ~~weakening~~favorable impact of ~~economic conditions, including a worsening of economic~~improved housing price forecasts ~~in the three-month period, as well as higher provisions associated with loan growth and maturity extensions were~~on residential mortgages was more pronounced under U.S. GAAP.

During the ~~three and six months ended June 30, 2021,~~first quarter of 2022, expected credit losses were ~~lower~~higher under U.S. GAAP than under the Group Reporting Basis. Primarily as a result of the different requirements related to stage 1 loans discussed above, ~~releases in credit reserves driven by improved economic conditions, which resulted in improved economic forecasts as well as client paydowns, were~~the impact of higher loss estimates associated with loan growth and maturity extensions was more pronounced under U.S. GAAP.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, amortization expense for long-lived assets was higher under U.S. GAAP. During the third quarter of 2020, we recorded an impairment charge under the Group Reporting Basis related to the write-off of all the capitalized software and a portion of the leasehold improvements primarily associated with our Wealth and Personal Banking business segment, while under U.S. GAAP, no impairment charge was required. Consequently, the carrying amounts for capitalized software and leasehold improvements are higher under U.S. GAAP than under the Group Reporting Basis and, as a result, corresponding amortization expense is higher under U.S. GAAP. In addition, during the second quarter of 2021, we determined we would exit certain branches as part of our Restructuring Plan and, as a result, we recorded an impairment charge of $18 million under U.S. GAAP to write-off the leasehold improvements associated with these branches. These leasehold improvements were previously written-off under the Group Reporting Basis as discussed above.

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, loans held for sale in the table above reflects a higher gain on loan sales under the Group Reporting Basis than under U.S. GAAP, which includes the gain on sale of the branch disposal group. The higher gain under the Group Reporting Basis was due primarily to the releases of credit loss reserves previously recorded on the loans under U.S. GAAP when they were transferred to held for sale in 2021. Also contributing to the higher gain under the Group Reporting Basis was the higher carrying amount of leasehold improvements associated with the sold branches under U.S. GAAP at the time of sale. These leasehold improvements were previously determined to be impaired and written-off under the Group Reporting Basis as discussed above.


HSBC USA Inc.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we transferred certain loans to held for sale which under U.S. GAAP requires the loans to be carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value which resulted in a release of credit loss reserves on the loans. Under the Group Reporting Basis, loans held for sale continue to be accounted for and credit losses continue to be measured in accordance with IFRS 9, "Financial Instruments," with any gain or loss recorded at the time of sale. In addition, a portion of the loans transferred under U.S. GAAP did not meet the more stringent criteria for held for sale classification under the Group Reporting Basis.

Balance Sheet Review

The following table provides balance sheet totals at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and increases (decreases) since December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


				Increase (Decrease) From December 31, 2021								Increase (Decrease) From December 31, 2022
		June 30, 2022		Amount		%				March 31, 2023		Amount		%
		(dollars are in millions)						(dollars are in millions)
Period end assets:	Period end assets:								Period end assets:
Short-term investments	Short-term investments	$	48,460	$	(10,408)	(17.7)	%		Short-term investments	$	45,810	$	3,977	9.5	%
Loans, net	Loans, net	61,264		5,847		10.6			Loans, net	58,874		78		.1
Loans held for sale	Loans held for sale	489		(3,728)		(88.4)			Loans held for sale	474		120		33.9
Trading assets	Trading assets	18,708		(5,335)		(22.2)			Trading assets	17,559		(4,171)		(19.2)
Securities	Securities	35,728		(4,773)		(11.8)			Securities	37,278		2,616		7.5
All other assets	All other assets	6,583		397		6.4			All other assets	6,555		(725)		(10.0)
		$	171,232	$	(18,000)	(9.5)	%			$	166,550	$	1,895	1.2	%
Period end liabilities and equity:	Period end liabilities and equity:								Period end liabilities and equity:
Total deposits	Total deposits	$	127,263	$	(15,769)	(11.0)	%		Total deposits	$	122,168	$	(1,055)	(.9)	%
Trading liabilities	Trading liabilities	3,766		743		24.6			Trading liabilities	2,243		(560)		(20.0)
Short-term borrowings	Short-term borrowings	5,898		(440)		(6.9)			Short-term borrowings	6,822		877		14.8
Long-term debt	Long-term debt	16,026		(1,210)		(7.0)			Long-term debt	19,517		1,926		10.9
Interest, taxes and other liabilities	Interest, taxes and other liabilities	2,742		179		7.0			Interest, taxes and other liabilities	3,109		129		4.3
Total equity	Total equity	15,537		(1,503)		(8.8)			Total equity	12,691		578		4.8
		$	171,232	$	(18,000)	(9.5)	%			$	166,550	$	1,895	1.2	%

Short-Term Investments Short-term investments include cash and due from banks, interest bearing deposits with banks and federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell. Balances may fluctuate from period to period depending upon our liquidity position at the time and our strategy for deploying liquidity. Short-term investments ~~decreased~~increased compared with December 31, ~~2021~~2022 due ~~primarily~~ to an increase in overall liquidity as we raised funds in advance of their usage. The increase in funds was driven by lower ~~deposits~~trading security positions, new issuances of long-term debt and higher ~~loans~~short-term borrowings as discussed in detail ~~below as well as completion of the sale of the branch disposal group during the first quarter of 2022 which resulted in a net cash payment to the buyers.~~below. These ~~decreases~~increases were partially offset by net ~~sales~~purchases of ~~trading security positions~~securities and ~~securities available-for-sale.~~lower deposits from affiliates.

8476


HSBC USA Inc.

Loans, Net The following table summarizes our loan balances at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and increases (decreases) since December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


				Increase (Decrease) From December 31, 2021								Increase (Decrease) From December 31, 2022
		June 30, 2022		Amount		%				March 31, 2023		Amount		%
		(dollars are in millions)						(dollars are in millions)
Commercial loans:	Commercial loans:								Commercial loans:
Real estate, including construction	Real estate, including construction	$	8,791	$	557	6.8	%		Real estate, including construction	$	7,930	$	(33)	(.4)	%
Business and corporate banking	Business and corporate banking	16,108		2,150		15.4			Business and corporate banking	16,495		420		2.6
Global banking(1)	Global banking(1)	12,963		1,854		16.7			Global banking(1)	10,510		(68)		(.6)
Other commercial(2)	Other commercial(2)	6,833		338		5.2			Other commercial(2)	6,848		(353)		(4.9)
Total commercial	Total commercial	44,695		4,899		12.3			Total commercial	41,783		(34)		(.1)
Consumer loans:	Consumer loans:								Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages	Residential mortgages	16,475		1,006		6.5			Residential mortgages	16,988		150		.9
Home equity mortgages	Home equity mortgages	351		26		8.0			Home equity mortgages	362		(8)		(2.2)

Credit cards	Credit cards	204		—		—			Credit cards	198		(15)		(7.0)
Other consumer	Other consumer	73		3		4.3			Other consumer	131		(11)		(7.7)
Total consumer	Total consumer	17,103		1,035		6.4			Total consumer	17,679		116		.7
Total loans	Total loans	61,798		5,934		10.6			Total loans	59,462		82		.1
Allowance for credit losses(3)	Allowance for credit losses(3)	534		87		19.5			Allowance for credit losses(3)	588		4		.7
Loans, net	Loans, net	$	61,264	$	5,847	10.6	%		Loans, net	$	58,874	$	78	.1	%

(2)Includes loans to HSBC affiliates which totaled ~~$3,457~~$3,409 million and ~~$2,793~~$3,557 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

(3)See "Credit Quality" in this MD&A for a discussion of trends in our allowance for credit losses on loans.

Commercial loans ~~increased~~were relatively flat compared with December 31, ~~2021 driven~~2022 as paydowns, maturities and lower loans to affiliates were largely offset by new business activity in business and corporate banking as we continued to apply a disciplined lending ~~approach to grow the business and, to a lesser extent, higher loans to affiliates.~~approach. The ~~increase~~trend in commercial non-affiliate loans ~~was primarily~~reflects declines in the software, ~~real estate,~~diversified financials and chemicals industries which were largely offset by increases in the semiconductor, banking ~~commercial services~~ and ~~retailing~~utilities industries.

Consumer loans increased modestly compared with December 31, ~~2021~~2022 due ~~primarily~~ to the transfer of certain residential mortgage and home equity mortgage loans from held for sale to held for investment during the second quarter of 2022 with a carrying value which collectively totaled $538 million as discussed further below. Also contributing to the increase was growth in residential mortgage loans.

The following table presents loan-to-value ("LTV") ratios for our residential mortgage loan portfolio, excluding mortgage loans held for sale:


		LTV Ratios(1)(2)									LTV Ratios(1)(2)
		June 30, 2022				December 31, 2021					March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
		First Lien		Second Lien		First Lien		Second Lien			First Lien		Second Lien		First Lien		Second Lien
LTV < 80%	LTV < 80%	98.8	%	98.3	%	98.5	%	99.3	%	LTV < 80%	98.1	%	97.1	%	98.5	%	98.9	%
80% < LTV < 90%	80% < LTV < 90%	1.2		1.7		1.4		.6		80% < LTV < 90%	1.9		2.9		1.5		1.1
90% < LTV < 100%	90% < LTV < 100%	—		—		.1		.1		90% < LTV < 100%	—		—		—		—
LTV > 100%	LTV > 100%	—		—		—		—		LTV > 100%	—		—		—		—
Average LTV for portfolio	Average LTV for portfolio	50.6		42.5		51.5		44.6		Average LTV for portfolio	49.4		44.6		48.8		43.1

(1)LTVs for first liens are calculated using the loan balance as of the reporting date. LTVs for second liens are calculated using the loan balance as of the reporting date plus the senior lien amount at origination. Current estimated property values are derived from the property's appraised value at the time of loan origination updated by the change in the Federal Housing Finance Agency's House Price Index ("HPI") at either a Core Based Statistical Area or state level. The estimated value of the homes could differ from actual fair values due to changes in condition of the underlying property, variations in housing price changes within metropolitan statistical areas and other factors. As a result, actual property values associated with loans that end in foreclosure may be significantly lower than the estimates used for purposes of this disclosure.

(2)Current estimated property values are calculated using the most current HPIs available and applied on an individual loan basis, which results in an approximate three month delay in the production of reportable statistics. Therefore, the information in the table above reflects current estimated property values using HPIs at ~~March~~December 31, ~~2022~~2023 and September 30, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

8577


HSBC USA Inc.

Loans Held for Sale The following table summarizes loans held for sale at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and increases (decreases) since December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


				Increase (Decrease) From December 31, 2021								Increase (Decrease) From December 31, 2022
		June 30, 2022		Amount		%				March 31, 2023		Amount		%
		(dollars are in millions)						(dollars are in millions)
Commercial loans:	Commercial loans:								Commercial loans:

Business and corporate banking	Business and corporate banking	$	7	$	(116)	(94.3)	%		Business and corporate banking	$	19	$	19	*
Global banking	Global banking	366		28		8.3			Global banking	453		104		29.8
Total commercial	Total commercial	373		(88)		(19.1)			Total commercial	472		123		35.2
Consumer loans:	Consumer loans:								Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages	Residential mortgages	12		(3,070)		(99.6)			Residential mortgages	2		(3)		(60.0)
Home equity mortgages		—		(275)		(100.0)
Credit cards		8		(187)		(95.9)
Other consumer		96		(108)		(52.9)

Total consumer	Total consumer	116		(3,640)		(96.9)			Total consumer	2		(3)		(60.0)
Total loans held for sale	Total loans held for sale	$	489	$	(3,728)	(88.4)	%		Total loans held for sale	$	474	$	120	33.9	%

*Percentage change is greater than 100 percent.

Commercial loans held for sale ~~decreased~~increased compared with December 31, 2021. During the first quarter of 2022, we completed the sale of the branch disposal group that we previously transferred to held for sale in 2021 as part of our Restructuring Plan. The sale included certain retail business banking loans with a carrying value at the time of sale of $37 million. See Note 3, "Branch Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale," for additional information.

~~Also included~~2022. Included in commercial loans held for sale are certain other loans that we no longer intend to hold for investment and were transferred to held for sale which totaled $201 million and $359 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The decrease compared with December 31, 2021 was due to loan sales.

~~In addition, commercial loans held for sale includes~~ certain loans that we have elected to designate under the fair value option which consists of loans that we originate in connection with our participation in a number of syndicated credit facilities with the intent of selling them to unaffiliated third parties as well as loans that we purchase from the secondary market and hold as hedges against our exposure to certain total return ~~swaps.~~swaps or intend to sell. The fair value of these loans totaled ~~$172~~$354 million and ~~$23~~$237 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. Balances will fluctuate from period to period depending on the volume and level of activity.

~~During the second quarter of 2022,~~Commercial loans held for sale also includes certain loans that we ~~also sold certain global banking loans~~no longer intend to ~~third parties in order~~hold for investment and were transferred to ~~reduce risk-weighted assets as part of our Restructuring Plan. These global banking loans had a carrying value at the time of~~held for sale ~~of $44~~which totaled $118 million and ~~we recognized a loss on sale of $3 million.~~$112 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Consumer loans held for sale decreased compared with December 31, ~~2021. As discussed above, during the first quarter of 2022, we completed the sale of the branch disposal group that we previously transferred to held for sale~~2022. Included in 2021 as part of our Restructuring Plan. The sale included certain consumer loans with a carrying value which collectively totaled $2,102 million, including $1,665 million of residential mortgages, $185 million of home equity mortgages, $168 million of credit cards and $84 million of other consumer loans. See Note 3, "Branch Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale," for additional information.

In addition to the branch disposal group discussed above, during the first quarter of 2022, we sold a portfolio of consumer loans to a third party consisting primarily of certain non-performing mortgage loans and government-backed mortgage loans that we previously transferred to held for sale in 2021 as part of our Restructuring Plan. These mortgage loans had a carrying value which collectively totaled $904 million, including $865 million of residential mortgages and $39 million of home equity mortgages, and we recognized a loss on sale of $35 million, largely reflecting changes in the final terms of the sale.


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

~~In addition,~~ residential mortgage loans held for sale ~~includes~~are agency-eligible conforming residential mortgage loans which are originated and held for sale to third parties, currently on a servicing retained basis. Balances will fluctuate from period to period depending on the volume and level of activity. Gains and losses from the sale of these residential mortgage loans are reflected as a component of other income (loss) in the accompanying consolidated statement of income.

Excluding the loans designated under the fair value option discussed above, loans held for sale are recorded at the lower of amortized cost or fair value, with adjustments to fair value being recorded as a valuation allowance through other revenues. The valuation allowance on ~~consumer~~ loans held for sale was ~~$13 million and $7 million~~immaterial at ~~June 30, 2022~~both March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021, respectively. The valuation allowance on commercial loans held for sale was $1 million and $5 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.~~2022.

Trading Assets and Liabilities The following table summarizes trading assets and liabilities at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and increases (decreases) since December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


				Increase (Decrease) From December 31, 2021							Increase (Decrease) From December 31, 2022
		June 30, 2022		Amount		%			March 31, 2023		Amount		%
		(dollars are in millions)							(dollars are in millions)
Trading assets:	Trading assets:							Trading assets:
Securities(1)	Securities(1)	$	13,033	$	(5,698)	(30.4)	%	Securities(1)	$	11,918	$	(4,367)	(26.8)	%
Precious metals	Precious metals	3,372		(535)		(13.7)		Precious metals	4,430		599		15.6
Derivatives, net	Derivatives, net	2,303		898		63.9		Derivatives, net	1,211		(403)		(25.0)
		$	18,708	$	(5,335)	(22.2)	%		$	17,559	$	(4,171)	(19.2)	%
Trading liabilities:	Trading liabilities:							Trading liabilities:
Securities sold, not yet purchased	Securities sold, not yet purchased	$	907	$	(196)	(17.8)	%	Securities sold, not yet purchased	$	984	$	147	17.6	%
Payables for precious metals		340		294		*

Derivatives, net	Derivatives, net	2,519		645		34.4		Derivatives, net	1,259		(707)		(36.0)
		$	3,766	$	743	24.6	%		$	2,243	$	(560)	(20.0)	%

*~~Percentage change is greater than 100 percent.~~

(1)See Note 4, "Trading Assets and Liabilities," in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a breakout of trading securities by category.


HSBC USA Inc.

Trading securities balances were lower compared with December 31, ~~2021~~2022 due primarily to a decrease ~~in equity positions, partially offset by an increase~~ in foreign sovereign positions. Trading security positions are primarily held as economic hedges of interest rate, credit and equity derivative products issued to clients of domestic and emerging markets. Balances of securities sold, not yet purchased were ~~lower~~higher compared with December 31, ~~2021 driven by a decline~~2022 due to an increase in short U.S. Treasury positions related to economic hedges of ~~derivatives in the interest rate~~ trading ~~portfolio.~~security positions held for Community Reinvestment Act purposes.

Precious metals trading assets ~~decreased~~were higher compared with December 31, ~~2021~~2022 due primarily to ~~a decrease~~an increase in our own gold inventory position, ~~and lower spot prices,~~ partially offset by ~~an increase~~decrease in our own silver inventory position. ~~Payables for precious metals were higher compared with December 31, 2021 reflecting an increase in borrowing of gold inventory to support client activity levels.~~ Precious metal positions may not represent our net underlying exposure as we may use derivatives contracts to reduce our risk associated with these positions, the fair value of which would appear in derivatives in the table above.

Derivative asset and liability balances both ~~increased~~declined compared with December 31, ~~2021~~2022 mainly from market movements which resulted in ~~higher~~lower valuations of foreign exchange ~~commodity~~ and ~~credit~~interest rate derivatives, partially offset by ~~lower~~higher valuations of ~~interest rate~~commodity and credit derivatives. Market movements on equity derivatives were mixed, resulting in ~~high~~lower derivative asset valuations, but ~~lower~~higher derivative liability valuations.

Securities Securities include securities available-for-sale and securities held-to-maturity, net. Securities balances were ~~lower~~higher compared with December 31, ~~2021~~2022 driven by ~~unfavorable market valuations due to increasing yields as well as net sales~~purchases of U.S. Government agency mortgage-backed and ~~paydowns~~U.S. Treasury securities held-to-maturity, partially offset by maturities of foreign sovereign securities available-for-sale as part of our continuing strategy to maximize returns while balancing the securities portfolio for risk management purposes. ~~The decline in securities balances was primarily in U.S. Government agency mortgage-backed securities, U.S. Government sponsored mortgage-backed securities and U.S. Treasury securities.~~

All Other Assets All other assets include, among other items, properties and equipment, net, ~~goodwill~~ and ~~other branch related assets held for sale.~~goodwill. All other assets were ~~higher~~lower compared with December 31, ~~2021~~2022 due primarily to ~~increases~~the completion of a client share repurchase transaction during the first quarter of 2023 as well as decreases in ~~deferred tax assets,~~ cash collateral posted, ~~and~~ outstanding settlement balances related to security ~~sales.~~sales and deferred tax assets. These ~~increases~~decreases were partially offset by ~~completion of the sale of other branch~~higher margin requirements related ~~assets held for sale during the first quarter of 2022.~~to futures trading.


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

Deposits The following table summarizes deposit balances by major depositor categories at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and increases (decreases) since December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:

Increase (Decrease) From December 31, 2021

June 30, 2022 Amount %
(dollars are in millions)
Individuals, partnerships and corporations $ 108,733 $ (10,551) (8.8) %
Domestic and foreign banks 16,517 3,642 28.3
U.S. government and states and political subdivisions 134 (163) (54.9)
Foreign governments and official institutions 1,879 53 2.9
Deposits held for sale(1)
— (8,750) (100.0)
Total deposits $ 127,263 $ (15,769) (11.0) %

~~(1)Represented deposits associated with the exit of our mass market retail banking business as part of our Restructuring Plan.~~


			Increase (Decrease) From December 31, 2022
	March 31, 2023		Amount		%
	(dollars are in millions)
Individuals, partnerships and corporations	$	109,661	$	1,491	1.4	%
Domestic and foreign banks	9,775		(2,581)		(20.9)
U.S. government and states and political subdivisions	125		(35)		(21.9)
Foreign governments and official institutions	2,607		70		2.8

Total deposits	$	122,168	$	(1,055)	(.9)	%

Total deposits decreased compared with December 31, ~~2021~~2022 due primarily to lower ~~demand~~deposits from affiliates and ~~savings deposits driven by~~ the continued attrition of balances our clients had previously built up during the COVID-19 pandemic and clients deploying cash to their businesses, as well as completion of the sale of the branch disposal group during the first quarter of 2022.retail savings deposits. These decreases were partially offset by increased time deposits ~~from affiliates and higher time deposits.~~as well as deposit inflows associated with the recent banking industry turmoil.

Short-Term Borrowings Short-term borrowings were ~~lower~~higher compared with December 31, ~~2021 due to a decline~~2022 reflecting increases in securities sold under repurchase agreements ~~partially offset by an increase in~~and commercial paper outstanding.

Long-Term Debt Long-term debt ~~decreased~~increased compared with December 31, ~~2021 as the impact of~~2022 due to debt issuances ~~was more than offset by debt retirements~~ and fair value movements on fair value option ~~debt.~~debt, partially offset by debt retirements. Debt issuances during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 totaled ~~$2,198~~$2,037 million, ~~and $2,845 million, respectively,~~ of which ~~$14~~$3 million ~~and $102 million, respectively,~~ was issued by HSBC Bank USA.

Incremental issuances from our shelf registration statement with the SEC totaled ~~$2,743~~$2,034 million of senior debt during the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, which included ~~$1,000~~$1,250 million of senior notes that were issued by HSBC USA in ~~May~~March as well as ~~$1,743~~$784 million of structured notes. Total long-term debt outstanding under this shelf was ~~$8,331~~$11,043 million and ~~$7,346~~$9,597 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

Incremental issuances from the HSBC Bank USA Global Bank Note Program totaled ~~$102~~$3 million during the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. Total debt outstanding under this program was ~~$1,955 million and $1,966~~$1,932 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~both March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021, respectively.~~2022.

Borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") totaled $1,000 million at both ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Interest, Taxes and Other Liabilities Interest, taxes and other liabilities ~~include, among other items, other branch related liabilities held for sale. Interest, taxes and other liabilities~~ were higher compared with December 31, ~~2021~~2022 due primarily to ~~increases~~an increase in ~~derivative balances associated with hedging activities and~~ outstanding settlement balances related to security ~~purchases. These increases were~~purchases, partially offset by the completion of ~~the sale of other branch related liabilities held for sale~~a client share repurchase transaction during the first quarter of ~~2022.~~

2023.

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Results of Operations

Net Interest Income Net interest income is the total interest income on earning assets less the total interest expense on deposits and borrowed funds. An analysis of consolidated average balances and interest rates is presented in this MD&A under the caption "Consolidated Average Balances and Interest Rates."

The significant components of net interest margin are summarized in the following table:

2022 Compared
with 2021
Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 Volume Rate 2021
(dollars are in millions)
Interest income:
Short-term investments $ 110 $ (3) $ 96 $ 17
Trading securities 55 (24) 25 54
Securities 169 (17) 26 160
Commercial loans 309 24 10 275
Consumer loans 128 (26) (12) 166
Other 12 — 8 4
Total interest income 783 (46) 153 676
Interest expense:
Deposits 135 (12) 78 69
Short-term borrowings 21 3 14 4
Long-term debt 89 (15) 26 78
Tax liabilities and other 6 — 4 2
Total interest expense 251 (24) 122 153
Net interest income $ 532 $ (22) $ 31 $ 523
Yield on total interest earning assets 1.94 % 1.48 %
Cost of total interest bearing liabilities .87 .46
Interest rate spread 1.07 1.02
Benefit from net non-interest paying funds(1)
.25 .12
Net interest margin on average earning assets 1.32 % 1.14 %


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~


					2022 Compared with 2021 Increase (Decrease)
Six Months Ended June 30,		2022			Volume		Rate		2021

																	2023 Compared with 2022 Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended March 31,													Three Months Ended March 31,	2023			Volume		Rate		2022
		(dollars are in millions)										(dollars are in millions)
Interest income:	Interest income:												Interest income:
Short-term investments	Short-term investments	$	137		$	(3)	$	107	$	33			Short-term investments	$	410		$	(7)	$	390	$	27
Trading securities	Trading securities	118			(32)		48		102				Trading securities	49			(13)		(1)		63
Securities	Securities	310			(43)		16		337				Securities	323			(19)		201		141
Commercial loans	Commercial loans	547			22		(32)		557				Commercial loans	657			7		412		238
Consumer loans	Consumer loans	266			(40)		(29)		335				Consumer loans	146			(9)		17		138
Other	Other	17			(2)		6		13				Other	19			(1)		15		5
Total interest income	Total interest income	1,395			(98)		116		1,377				Total interest income	1,604			(42)		1,034		612
Interest expense:	Interest expense:												Interest expense:
Deposits	Deposits	193			(24)		67		150				Deposits	756			(4)		702		58
Short-term borrowings	Short-term borrowings	26			3		14		9				Short-term borrowings	100			—		95		5
Long-term debt	Long-term debt	157			(29)		26		160				Long-term debt	256			8		180		68
Tax liabilities and other	Tax liabilities and other	10			1		5		4				Tax liabilities and other	9			(1)		6		4
Total interest expense	Total interest expense	386			(49)		112		323				Total interest expense	1,121			3		983		135
Net interest income	Net interest income	$	1,009		$	(49)	$	4	$	1,054			Net interest income	$	483		$	(45)	$	51	$	477

Yield on total interest earning assets	Yield on total interest earning assets	1.68		%					1.51		%		Yield on total interest earning assets	4.23		%					1.43		%
Cost of total interest bearing liabilities	Cost of total interest bearing liabilities	.65							.48				Cost of total interest bearing liabilities	3.87							.44
Interest rate spread	Interest rate spread	1.03							1.03				Interest rate spread	.36							.99
Benefit from net non-interest paying funds(1)	Benefit from net non-interest paying funds(1)	.18							.13				Benefit from net non-interest paying funds(1)	.92							.13
Net interest margin on average earning assets	Net interest margin on average earning assets	1.21		%					1.16		%		Net interest margin on average earning assets	1.28		%					1.12		%

(1)Represents the benefit associated with interest earning assets in excess of interest bearing liabilities. Increased percentages reflect growth in this excess or a higher cost of interest bearing liabilities, while decreased percentages reflect a reduction in this excess or a lower cost of interest bearing liabilities.

Net interest income increased modestly during the three months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due primarily to higher interest income from commercial loans, short-term investments ~~commercial loans~~ and securities driven by higher yields, ~~and higher commercial loan average balances. The increase in the three-month period was~~ partially offset by higher interest expense from interest bearing liabilities driven by higher rates paid as well as lower interest income from consumer loans driven by lower average balances and lower yields. In the year-to-date period, net interest income decreased due primarily to higher interest expense from deposits and short-term borrowings driven by higher rates paid as well as lower interest income from consumer loans and securities driven by lower average balances and lower consumer loan yields. The decrease in the year-to-date period was partially offset by higher interest income from short-term investments and trading securities driven by higher yields on these investments.paid.

Short-term investments Interest income increased during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due to higher yields reflecting the impact of higher market rates.

Trading securities Interest income ~~was relatively flat~~decreased during the three months ended ~~June 30, 2022 and increased~~March 31, 2023 due primarily to lower average balances driven by a decline in ~~the year-to-date period as the impact of higher yields reflecting the impact of higher market rates and a shift in mix to higher yielding~~ equity positions, ~~was largely offset in the three-month period and~~ partially offset in the year-to-date period by lower average balances. Lower average balances were driven by declines in foreign sovereign and U.S. Treasury positions, which were partially offset in the year-to-date period by an increase in ~~equity~~foreign sovereign positions. Interest income associated with trading securities was partially offset within trading revenue by the performance of the associated derivatives as discussed further below.

Securities Interest income ~~increased~~was higher during the three months ended ~~June 30, 2022 and decreased in the year-to-date period as the impact of~~March 31, 2023 due to higher yields reflecting the impact of higher market rates, ~~was~~ partially offset ~~in the three-month period and more than offset in the year-to-date period~~ by lower average balances. Lower average balances were ~~due primarily to~~driven by declines in U.S. Government sponsored mortgage-backed, U.S. Treasury and foreign sovereign securities.

Commercial loans Interest income increased during the three months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due primarily to ~~higher average balances driven by new business activity and~~ higher yields reflecting the impact of higher market ~~rates. In the year-to-date period, interest income decreased as the impact of higher average balances driven by new business activity was more than offset by~~rates on variable rate loans and newly originated loans.

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HSBC USA Inc.

~~lower yields reflecting the impact of low market rates on loans originated or refinanced during the second half of 2021 and the first quarter of 2022.~~

Consumer loans Interest income ~~decreased~~was higher during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due primarily to higher yields on residential mortgage loans reflecting the impact of higher market rates on variable rate loans and newly originated loans, partially offset by lower average balances driven by the impact of loan sales ~~which resulted in lower average balances and lower yields, including a lower mix~~during the first quarter of ~~higher yielding credit card receivables.~~2022.

Other Higher interest income during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 was due to higher yields reflecting the impact of higher market rates on cash collateral posted and ~~investments in~~ Federal Reserve Bank ~~stock and FHLB~~ stock.

Deposits Interest expense increased during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due to higher rates paid reflecting the impact of higher market ~~rates. The increase was partially offset by lower average balances reflecting lower demand~~rates and, ~~savings deposits driven by the attrition of balances our clients had previously built up during the COVID-19 pandemic and clients deploying cash~~ to ~~their businesses, as well as completion of the sale of the branch disposal group during the first quarter of 2022. Also contributing~~a lesser extent, a shift in mix to ~~lower average balances was a decline in~~higher cost time ~~deposits which was partially offset by higher savings deposits from a few large private banking clients.~~deposits.

Short-term borrowings Higher interest expense during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 was due ~~primarily~~ to higher rates paid reflecting the impact of higher market rates.

Long-term debt Interest expense increased during the three months ended ~~June 30, 2022 and decreased in the year-to-date period as the impact of~~March 31, 2023 due primarily to higher rates paid reflecting the impact of higher market rates ~~was partially offset in the three-month period~~on variable rate borrowings and ~~more than offset in the year-to-date period by lower average borrowings.~~newly issued debt.

Tax liabilities and other Interest expense increased during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due ~~primarily~~ to higher rates paid on securities sold, not yet repurchased reflecting the impact of higher market rates.

Provision for Credit Losses The following table summarizes the components of the provision for credit losses:

Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Amount %
(dollars are in millions)
Loans:
Commercial loans:
Real estate, including construction $ 40 $ (3) $ 43 *
Business and corporate banking 22 (24) 46 *
Global banking (2) (79) 77 97.5
Other commercial (1) (1) — —
Total commercial loans 59 (107) 166 *
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages (1) 8 (9) *
Home equity mortgages 1 (5) 6 *
Credit cards 5 (76) 81 *
Other consumer (1) (21) 20 95.2
Total consumer loans 4 (94) 98 *
Total loans 63 (201) 264 *
Securities held-to-maturity (1) — (1) *
Other financial assets measured at amortized cost — (1) 1 100.0
Securities available-for-sale 2 — 2 *
Off-balance sheet credit exposures 5 (27) 32 *
Total provision for credit losses $ 69 $ (229) $ 298 *


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~


						Increase (Decrease)
Six Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021		Amount			%

															Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended March 31,										Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022		Amount		%
		(dollars are in millions)						(dollars are in millions)
Loans:	Loans:									Loans:
Commercial loans:	Commercial loans:									Commercial loans:
Real estate, including construction	Real estate, including construction	$	89	$	(28)	$	117		*	Real estate, including construction	$	(28)	$	49	$	(77)	*
Business and corporate banking	Business and corporate banking	(18)		(77)		59			76.6	Business and corporate banking	38		(40)		78		*
Global banking	Global banking	27		(144)		171			*	Global banking	12		29		(17)		(58.6)
Other commercial	Other commercial	(3)		(1)		(2)			*	Other commercial	—		(2)		2		100.0
Total commercial loans	Total commercial loans	95		(250)		345			*	Total commercial loans	22		36		(14)		(38.9)
Consumer loans:	Consumer loans:									Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages	Residential mortgages	(5)		6		(11)			*	Residential mortgages	(10)		(4)		(6)		*
Home equity mortgages	Home equity mortgages	1		(8)		9			*	Home equity mortgages	1		—		1		*
Credit cards	Credit cards	4		(77)		81			*	Credit cards	—		(1)		1		100.0

Other consumer	Other consumer	(1)		(17)		16			94.1	Other consumer	(1)		—		(1)		*
Total consumer loans	Total consumer loans	(1)		(96)		95			99.0	Total consumer loans	(10)		(5)		(5)		(100.0)
Total loans	Total loans	94		(346)		440			*	Total loans	12		31		(19)		(61.3)
Securities held-to-maturity		(1)		—		(1)			*
Other financial assets measured at amortized cost		—		(1)		1			100.0

Securities available-for-sale	Securities available-for-sale	1		—		1			*	Securities available-for-sale	—		(1)		1		100.0
Off-balance sheet credit exposures	Off-balance sheet credit exposures	(14)		(109)		95			87.2	Off-balance sheet credit exposures	8		(19)		27		*
Total provision for credit losses	Total provision for credit losses	$	80	$	(456)	$	536		*	Total provision for credit losses	$	20	$	11	$	9	81.8	%

*Percentage change is greater than 100 percent.

Our provision for credit losses increased ~~$298 million and $536~~$9 million during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022, respectively,~~March 31, 2023 due primarily to a higher provision for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures, partially offset by a lower provision for credit losses on both our commercial and consumer loan ~~portfolios as well as a higher provision for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures.~~portfolios.

The provision for credit losses on our commercial loan portfolio ~~increased $166 million and $345~~decreased $14 million during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022, respectively, reflecting loss provisions compared with releases in credit loss reserves in the prior year periods.~~March 31, 2023. The loss ~~provisions~~provision in the current year ~~periods were~~period was driven by ~~the weakening of economic conditions which resulted in~~ increases in credit reserves for risk factors associated with large loan and higher risk industry exposures, supply chain disruptions and energy price uncertainty, as well as weakness in the financial condition of certain clients and, in the current three-month period, a worsening of economic forecasts. Also contributing to the loss provisions in the current year periods were higher provisions associated with loan growth and maturity extensions. In the prior year periods, the releases in credit reserves were driven by improved economic conditions which resulted in improved economic forecasts and improvements in the credit condition of certain clients as well as declines in credit reserves for risk factors associated with higher risk ~~client~~industry exposures and large loan exposures as well as downgrades reflecting weakness in the ~~year-to-date~~financial condition of certain clients. In the prior year period, the loss provision was driven by increases in credit reserves for risk factors associated with economic ~~uncertainty. Client paydowns~~uncertainty, including higher risk industry exposures and supply chain disruptions, as well as higher provisions associated with loan ~~sales also contributed to the releases~~growth and maturity extensions. The loss provision in the prior year ~~periods.~~period was partially offset by improved economic conditions which resulted in improved economic forecasts.

The provision for credit losses on our consumer loan portfolio ~~increased $98 million and $95~~decreased $5 million during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022, respectively, due primarily to releases~~March 31, 2023 reflecting a higher release in credit loss ~~reserves in the prior year periods driven by our decision to exit our mass market retail banking business which resulted in a~~reserves. The release of credit loss reserves and a reduction to the provision for credit losses of approximately $100 million during the second quarter of 2021, including declines in credit reserves for risk factors primarily associated with economic uncertainty and forbearance accounts. Also contributing to the releases in credit reserves in the ~~prior year periods were improved economic conditions which resulted in improved economic forecasts. In the~~ current year ~~three-month~~ period ~~a modest loss provision~~ was driven by ~~the weakening of economic conditions which resulted in a worsening of economic forecasts. In the current year-to-date period, the provision for credit losses was relatively flat as~~improved housing price forecasts, partially offset by an increase in credit reserves for risk factors associated with ~~economic uncertainty was more than offset by the impact of net recoveries.~~

~~The provision for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures increased $32 million during the three months ended June 30, 2022 reflecting~~ a ~~modest loss provision~~change in ~~the current year period resulting from the weakening of economic conditions compared with a release in credit loss reserves in the prior year period resulting from improved economic conditions. In the~~

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~~year-to-date~~New York State foreclosure law. In the prior year period, the release in credit reserves was driven by improved economic conditions which resulted in improved economic forecasts, partially offset by an increase in credit reserves for risk factors associated with economic uncertainty.

The provision for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures increased ~~$95~~$27 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 reflecting a ~~lower~~loss provision compared with a release in credit loss ~~reserves.~~reserves in the prior year period. The ~~modest release in credit reserves~~loss provision in the current year period resulted from an increase in credit reserves for risk factors associated with large loan exposures and downgrades reflecting weakness in the financial condition of certain clients. In the prior year period, the release in credit reserves resulted from improved economic conditions and improvements in the credit condition of certain ~~clients while the release in the prior year period resulted from improved economic conditions.~~clients.

See "Credit Quality" in this MD&A for additional discussion on the allowance for credit losses associated with our various loan portfolios.

Other Revenues The following table summarizes the components of other revenues:


						Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021		Amount			%

Three Months Ended March 31,											Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022		Amount		%
		(dollars are in millions)						(dollars are in millions)
Credit card fees, net	Credit card fees, net	$	12	$	13	$	(1)		(7.7)	%	Credit card fees, net	$	11	$	15	$	(4)	(26.7)	%
Trust and investment management fees	Trust and investment management fees	34		26		8			30.8		Trust and investment management fees	31		26		5		19.2
Other fees and commissions	Other fees and commissions	160		171		(11)			(6.4)		Other fees and commissions	148		178		(30)		(16.9)
Trading revenue	Trading revenue	61		2		59			*		Trading revenue	225		72		153		*

Other securities gains, net	Other securities gains, net	9		18		(9)			(50.0)		Other securities gains, net	3		20		(17)		(85.0)
Servicing and other fees from HSBC affiliates	Servicing and other fees from HSBC affiliates	87		70		17			24.3		Servicing and other fees from HSBC affiliates	74		101		(27)		(26.7)
Gain on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives		19		7		12			*

Other income (loss):
Valuation of loans held for sale		(9)		(5)		(4)			(80.0)
Residential mortgage banking revenue (expense)		(2)		1		(3)			*
Insurance		1		2		(1)			(50.0)

Miscellaneous income (loss)		(29)		(1)		(28)			*
Total other income (loss)		(39)		(3)		(36)			*
Total other revenues		$	343	$	304	$	39		12.8	%

						Increase (Decrease)
Six Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021		Amount			%
		(dollars are in millions)
Credit card fees, net		$	27	$	23	$	4		17.4	%
Trust and investment management fees		60		55		5			9.1
Other fees and commissions		338		336		2			.6
Trading revenue		133		43		90			*

Other securities gains, net		29		47		(18)			(38.3)
Servicing and other fees from HSBC affiliates		188		153		35			22.9
Gain on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives		25		25		—			—
Gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives											Gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives	(22)		6		(28)		*
Gain on sale of branch disposal group, net	Gain on sale of branch disposal group, net	111		—		111			*		Gain on sale of branch disposal group, net	—		111		(111)		(100.0)
Other income (loss):	Other income (loss):										Other income (loss):
Valuation of loans held for sale	Valuation of loans held for sale	(6)		(5)		(1)			(20.0)		Valuation of loans held for sale	—		3		(3)		(100.0)
Residential mortgage banking revenue	Residential mortgage banking revenue	4		17		(13)			(76.5)		Residential mortgage banking revenue	1		6		(5)		(83.3)
Insurance	Insurance	2		3		(1)			(33.3)		Insurance	1		1		—		—

Miscellaneous income (loss)	Miscellaneous income (loss)	(82)		(9)		(73)			*		Miscellaneous income (loss)	(19)		(53)		34		64.2
Total other income (loss)	Total other income (loss)	(82)		6		(88)			*		Total other income (loss)	(17)		(43)		26		60.5
Total other revenues	Total other revenues	$	829	$	688	$	141		20.5	%	Total other revenues	$	453	$	486	$	(33)	(6.8)	%

*Percentage change is greater than 100 percent.

Credit card fees, net Credit card fees, net was relatively flat during the three months ended June 30, 2022 and increased in the year-to-date period as lower income from retail credit cards reflecting the impact of loan sales was largely offset in the three-month period and more than offset in the year-to-date period by higher income from commercial credit cards. The increase in income from commercial credit cards reflects higher interchange fees driven by higher client spending, partially offset by higher cost estimates associated with our credit card rewards program.


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

~~Trust and investment management fees~~ Trust and investment management fees increased during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 due to higher fees from liquidity funds driven by lower fee waivers reflecting the impact of higher market interest rates and higher average liquidity assets under management. The increase was partially offset by lower fees from fixed income funds driven by unfavorable market performance.

~~Other fees and commissions~~ ~~Other fees and commissions~~ decreased during the three months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due primarily to ~~lower~~the non-recurrence of loan servicing fees ~~from loan syndication, loan commitments and wire transfers reflecting lower business activity compared with~~recorded in the prior year ~~period. The decrease was partially offset by higher loan servicing fees~~period reflecting the temporary servicing agreement we entered into associated with the sale of a portfolio of mass market retail credit cards ~~to a third party~~ during the fourth quarter of 2021. In

Trust and investment management fees Trust and investment management fees increased during the ~~year-to-date period, other~~three months ended March 31, 2023 due to higher fees from liquidity funds driven by lower fee waivers reflecting the impact of higher market interest rates.

Other fees and commissions ~~were relatively flat as higher loan servicing~~Other fees ~~were largely offset by~~and commissions decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2023 due primarily to lower fees from ~~wire transfers.~~loan syndication reflecting lower business activity compared with the prior year period. See Note 13, "Fee Income from Contracts with Customers," in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information including a summary of the components of other fees and commissions.


HSBC USA Inc.

Trading revenue Trading revenue is generated by participation in the foreign exchange, precious metals, rates, credit and equities markets. The following table presents trading revenue by business activity. Not included in the table below is the impact of net interest income associated with trading securities which is an integral part of trading activities' overall performance. Certain derivatives, such as total return swaps, are economically hedged by holding the underlying interest bearing referenced assets. Net interest income related to trading activities is recorded in net interest income in the consolidated statement of ~~income.~~income (loss). Trading revenue related to the mortgage banking business is included as a component of other income (loss).


						Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021		Amount			%
		(dollars are in millions)
Business Activities:
Foreign Exchange		$	42	$	36	$	6		16.7	%
Metals		20		9		11			*
Debt Markets		—		2		(2)			(100.0)
Securities Financing		(18)		(42)		24			57.1
Markets Treasury		15		4		11			*
Legacy structured credit products		—		1		(1)			(100.0)

Other trading(1)		2		(8)		10			*
Total trading revenue		$	61	$	2	$	59		*

						Increase (Decrease)
Six Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021		Amount			%

																Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended March 31,											Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022		Amount		%
		(dollars are in millions)						(dollars are in millions)
Business Activities:	Business Activities:										Business Activities:
Foreign Exchange	Foreign Exchange	$	103	$	96	$	7		7.3	%	Foreign Exchange	$	102	$	61	$	41	67.2	%
Metals	Metals	44		28		16			57.1		Metals	57		24		33		*
Debt Markets	Debt Markets	(3)		1		(4)			*		Debt Markets	1		(3)		4		*
Securities Financing	Securities Financing	(53)		(77)		24			31.2		Securities Financing	71		(35)		106		*
Markets Treasury	Markets Treasury	41		6		35			*		Markets Treasury	(2)		26		(28)		*
Legacy structured credit products	Legacy structured credit products	1		3		(2)			(66.7)		Legacy structured credit products	—		1		(1)		(100.0)
Other trading(1)	Other trading(1)	—		(14)		14			100.0		Other trading(1)	(4)		(2)		(2)		(100.0)
Total trading revenue	Total trading revenue	$	133	$	43	$	90		*		Total trading revenue	$	225	$	72	$	153	*

*Percentage change is greater than 100 percent.

(1)Includes trading revenue related to Global Banking and Equities. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, other trading revenue also included $6 million and $10 million, respectively, of trading losses associated with the exit of certain derivative contracts as part of our Restructuring Plan.

Trading revenue increased during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due primarily to higher revenue in Securities Financing ~~Markets Treasury and Metals. Higher revenue in Securities Financing was~~ due to ~~lower losses related to~~improved revenue from swaps in prime ~~brokerage. Revenue was~~brokerage as well as higher revenue in ~~Markets Treasury due to the improved performance of economic hedge positions used~~


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

~~to manage interest rate risk~~Foreign Exchange and ~~revenue was higher in~~ Metals as market volatility resulted in increased trading opportunities. ~~Also contributing~~These increases were partially offset by lower revenue in Markets Treasury due to the ~~increase in trading revenue was the non-recurrence~~unfavorable performance of ~~Other trading losses recorded in the prior year periods associated with the exit of certain derivative contracts as part of our Restructuring Plan.~~economic hedge positions used to manage interest rate risk.

Other securities gains, net We maintain securities portfolios as part of our balance sheet diversification and risk management strategies. During the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022, we sold ~~$686~~$681 million and ~~$1,002~~$316 million, respectively, of primarily U.S. Treasury ~~U.S. Government agency mortgage-backed and U.S. Government sponsored mortgage-backed~~ securities ~~compared with $2,263 million and $6,170 million during the prior year periods~~ as part of a continuing strategy to maximize returns while balancing the securities portfolio for risk management purposes. Other securities gains, net decreased during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022 reflecting~~March 31, 2023 driven by lower gains from the ~~impact~~sale of ~~lower sales activity.~~U.S. Treasury securities. The gross realized gains and losses from sales of securities, which are included as a component of other securities gains, net above, are summarized in Note 5, "Securities," in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Servicing and other fees from HSBC affiliates Servicing and other fees from HSBC affiliates ~~increased~~decreased during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due primarily to ~~higher~~lower performance fees associated with trading activity booked on the balance sheet of HSBC Bank plc and, ~~in the year-to-date period, higher~~to a lesser extent, lower cost reimbursements associated with shared services performed on behalf of other HSBC affiliates.

Gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives We have elected to apply fair value option accounting to certain commercial loans held for sale, certain student loans, certain of our own fixed-rate debt issuances, ~~and~~ all of our hybrid instruments issued, including structured notes and ~~deposits.~~deposits, and, at December 31, 2022, a client share repurchase transaction. We also use derivatives to economically hedge the interest rate and other risks associated with certain financial assets and liabilities for which fair value option accounting has been elected. Gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives ~~increased~~decreased during the three months ended ~~June 30, 2022 and was flat in the year-to-date period as favorable movements related~~March 31, 2023 attributable to the economic hedging of interest rate and other risks within our hybrid instruments were partially offset in the three-month period and offset in the year-to-date period by valuation losses in the current year periods on certain commercial loans as well as unfavorable movements related to the economic hedging of interest rate risk and other risks within our ~~own debt.~~hybrid instruments. See Note 11, "Fair Value Option," in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information including a breakout of these amounts by individual component.

Gain on sale of branch disposal group, net During the first quarter of 2022, we completed the sale of the branch disposal group associated with the exit of our mass market retail banking business to third parties and recognized a gain on sale of ~~approximately~~ $111 million, net of transaction costs. See Note 3, ~~"Branch~~"Sale of Certain Branch Assets and Liabilities, ~~Held for Sale,~~" in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Other income (loss) Other income (loss) was ~~lower~~higher during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due primarily to ~~a loss~~the non-recurrence of $31 million recorded during the second quarter of 2022 on the swap agreements entered into in conjunction with the sales of Visa Class B Shares primarily related to an increase in the expected timing of the final resolution of the related litigation and, in the year-to-date period, a loss of $35 million recorded during the first quarter of 2022 on the sale of a portfolio of consumer mortgage loans. Also contributing to the ~~decrease in both periods were~~increase was higher ~~losses~~income associated with bank owned life ~~insurance, lower gains on sales of commercial loans and lower residential mortgage banking revenue driven by lower gains on sales of residential mortgage loans.~~insurance. These ~~decreases~~increases were ~~partially offset by higher income associated with credit default swap protection which largely reflects the hedging of a few client relationships.~~

9583


HSBC USA Inc.

partially offset by a loss associated with credit default swap protection which largely reflects the hedging of a few client relationships compared with a gain in the period year period as well as lower residential mortgage banking revenue driven by unfavorable fair value adjustments on mortgage servicing rights.

Operating Expenses The following table summarizes the components of operating expenses:

Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Amount %
(dollars are in millions)
Salaries and employee benefits $ 138 $ 182 $ (44) (24.2) %
Support services from HSBC affiliates:
Fees paid to HTSU 244 268 (24) (9.0)
Fees paid to HSBC Markets (USA) Inc. ("HMUS") 46 18 28 *
Fees paid to other HSBC affiliates 129 106 23 21.7
Total support services from HSBC affiliates 419 392 27 6.9
Occupancy expense, net 13 118 (105) (89.0)
Other expenses:
Equipment and software 26 33 (7) (21.2)
Marketing 7 9 (2) (22.2)
Outside services 19 18 1 5.6
Professional fees 53 23 30 *
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") assessment fees 12 15 (3) (20.0)
Miscellaneous 6 12 (6) (50.0)
Total other expenses 123 110 13 11.8
Total operating expenses $ 693 $ 802 $ (109) (13.6) %
Personnel - average number 2,517 3,799
Efficiency ratio 79.2 % 97.0 %
Increase (Decrease)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Amount %
(dollars are in millions)
Salaries and employee benefits $ 292 $ 358 $ (66) (18.4) %
Support services from HSBC affiliates:
Fees paid to HTSU 504 512 (8) (1.6)
Fees paid to HMUS 83 46 37 80.4
Fees paid to other HSBC affiliates 250 201 49 24.4
Total support services from HSBC affiliates 837 759 78 10.3
Occupancy expense, net 30 148 (118) (79.7)
Other expenses:
Equipment and software 50 56 (6) (10.7)
Marketing 14 18 (4) (22.2)
Outside services 35 35 — —
Professional fees 74 42 32 76.2
FDIC assessment fees 27 33 (6) (18.2)
Miscellaneous 20 35 (15) (42.9)
Total other expenses 220 219 1 .5
Total operating expenses $ 1,379 $ 1,484 $ (105) (7.1) %
Personnel - average number 2,763 3,867
Efficiency ratio 75.0 % 85.2 %

*~~Percentage change is greater than 100 percent.~~



























							Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended March 31,	2023			2022			Amount		%
	(dollars are in millions)
Salaries and employee benefits	$	121		$	154		$	(33)	(21.4)	%
Support services from HSBC affiliates:
Fees paid to HTSU	220			260			(40)		(15.4)
Fees paid to HSBC Markets (USA) Inc. ("HMUS")	53			37			16		43.2
Fees paid to other HSBC affiliates	111			121			(10)		(8.3)
Total support services from HSBC affiliates	384			418			(34)		(8.1)
Occupancy expense, net	30			17			13		76.5

Other expenses:
Equipment and software	27			24			3		12.5
Marketing	3			7			(4)		(57.1)
Outside services	12			16			(4)		(25.0)
Professional fees	12			21			(9)		(42.9)

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation assessment fees	22			15			7		46.7

Miscellaneous	18			14			4		28.6
Total other expenses	94			97			(3)		(3.1)
Total operating expenses	$	629		$	686		$	(57)	(8.3)	%
Personnel - average number	2,045			2,965
Efficiency ratio	67.2		%	71.2		%

Salaries and employee benefits Salaries and employee benefits expense decreased during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due primarily to lower salaries ~~and~~expense, incentive compensation ~~expense~~and other staff costs driven by staff reductions related to the completion of our


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

Restructuring Plan, including ~~completion of~~ the sale of the branch disposal group during the first quarter of 2022. Also contributing to the decrease, to a lesser extent, was lower salaries expense reflecting the impact of certain wholesale operations staff which were transferred from HSBC Bank USA to HTSU support services during the first quarter of 2022.

Support services from HSBC affiliates Servicing and other fees from HSBC affiliates ~~increased~~decreased during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due ~~primarily~~ to ~~higher allocated restructuring related costs from HTSU and other HSBC affiliates. During~~ the ~~three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we recorded $55~~non-recurrence of $40 million ~~and $95 million, respectively,~~ of allocated ~~restructuring related costs~~Costs to Achieve from HTSU and other HSBC affiliates, primarily support service project costs and severance costs, ~~compared with $29 million and $48 million of allocated costs~~recorded during the prior year ~~periods.~~period. Also contributing to the ~~increase~~decrease were lower cost allocations from our support service functions driven by the completion of our Restructuring Plan. These decreases were partially offset by higher cost allocations from HMUS associated with Global Banking activities reflecting the ~~impacts~~impact of a higher staff costs and an updated service level agreement as well as higher costs associated with our investments in systems infrastructure and new technologies. In addition, the increase reflects higher expense due to the transfer of certain wholesale operations staff from HSBC Bank USA to HTSU support services as discussed above. These increases were partially offset by lower cost allocations from our support service functions driven by the execution of our Restructuring Plan.utilization percentage. A summary of the services received from various HSBC affiliates is included in Note 14, "Related Party Transactions," in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Occupancy expense, net Occupancy expense, net was ~~lower~~higher during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due ~~primarily~~ to ~~the non-recurrence of $82~~$19 million of lease impairment and other related costs recorded during the ~~second~~first quarter of ~~2021~~2023 related to the exit of certain ~~branches and~~ office ~~space as part~~space. This increase was partially offset by lower operating lease costs driven by the completion of our Restructuring Plan. Also contributing to the decrease were lower operating lease costs and depreciation expense driven by the execution of our Restructuring Plan, including completion of the sale of the branch disposal group during the first quarter of 2022.

Other expenses Other expenses ~~increased~~decreased modestly during the three months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due ~~primarily~~ to ~~higher~~lower professional fees, ~~driven by higher attorney's fees,~~marketing expense and outside services expense which were partially offset by higher ~~levels of expense capitalization related to internally developed software as well as declines in equipment costs,~~ deposit insurance assessment fees and marketing expense. In the year-to-date period, other expenses were flat as higher professional fees driven by higher attorney's fees were offset by higher levels of expense capitalization related to internally developedcapitalized software ~~as well as declines in equipment costs, deposit insurance assessment fees and marketing~~amortization expense.

Efficiency ratio Our efficiency ratio improved during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due primarily to lower operating expenses driven by ~~lease impairment and other related costs recorded during~~ the ~~second quarter~~completion of ~~2021 as discussed above and higher~~our Restructuring Plan, partially offset by lower other revenues driven by ~~higher trading revenue and, in~~ the ~~year-to-date period,~~non-recurrence of the gain on sale of the branch disposal group recorded ~~during~~in the ~~first quarter of 2022~~prior year period as discussed above. ~~While net interest income was higher and contributed to the improvement in the three-month period, it was lower in the year-to-date period.~~


HSBC USA Inc.

Income tax expenseThe following table summarizes our effective tax rate based on the provision for income taxes attributable to pretax income:


Three Months Ended June 30,		2022			2021
Three Months Ended March 31,								Three Months Ended March 31,	2023			2022
		(dollars are in millions)							(dollars are in millions)
Income before income tax	Income before income tax	$	113		$	254		Income before income tax	$	287		$	266
Income tax expense	Income tax expense	23			61			Income tax expense	70			65
Effective tax rate	Effective tax rate	20.4		%	24.0		%	Effective tax rate	24.4		%	24.4		%

Six Months Ended June 30,		2022			2021
		(dollars are in millions)
Income before income tax		$	379		$	714
Income tax expense		88			182
Effective tax rate		23.2		%	25.5		%

~~Income tax expense and the effective tax rate decreased during~~During the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022. The decrease in~~March 31, 2023, income tax expense ~~was~~increased driven by ~~lower~~higher pre-tax income, while ~~the decrease~~there was no change in the effective tax ~~rate resulted from higher expected investment tax credits in the current year periods.~~rate.

Management evaluated the need for a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets at ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022 and it was determined that a valuation allowance was not ~~required at this time.~~required.


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

Segment Results – Group Reporting Basis

See Note 15, "Business Segments," in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a table that summarizes the impact of this change on reported segment profit (loss) before tax, total assets and total deposits as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021. There have been no changes in the basis of our segmentation as compared with the presentation in our 2021 Form 10-K.reported. See Item 1, "Business," in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K for a description of our segments, including a discussion of the main business activities of the segments and a summary of their products and services. There have been no changes in the basis of our segmentation as compared with the presentation in our 2022 Form 10-K.

We report financial information to our parent, HSBC, in accordance with HSBC Group accounting and reporting policies, which apply IFRSs as issued by the IASB. As a result, our segment results are prepared and presented using financial information prepared on the Group Reporting Basis as operating results are monitored and reviewed, trends are evaluated and decisions about allocating resources, such as employees, are primarily made on this basis. We continue, however, to monitor capital adequacy and report to regulatory agencies on a U.S. GAAP basis.

There have been no changes in the measurement of segment profit as compared with the presentation in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K.

9885


HSBC USA Inc.

Wealth and Personal Banking The following table summarizes the Group Reporting Basis results for our WPB segment:


						Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021		Amount			%

																Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended March 31,											Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022		Amount		%
		(dollars are in millions)						(dollars are in millions)
Net interest income	Net interest income	$	185	$	205	$	(20)		(9.8)	%	Net interest income	$	213	$	169	$	44	26.0	%
Other operating income	Other operating income	32		71		(39)			(54.9)		Other operating income	52		163		(111)		(68.1)
Total operating income(1)	Total operating income(1)	217		276		(59)			(21.4)		Total operating income(1)	265		332		(67)		(20.2)
Expected credit losses	Expected credit losses	(6)		1		(7)			*		Expected credit losses	10		4		6		*
Net operating income	Net operating income	223		275		(52)			(18.9)		Net operating income	255		328		(73)		(22.3)
Operating expenses	Operating expenses	197		355		(158)			(44.5)		Operating expenses	175		242		(67)		(27.7)
Profit (loss) before tax		$	26	$	(80)	$	106		*

						Increase (Decrease)
Six Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021		Amount			%
		(dollars are in millions)
Net interest income		$	354	$	414	$	(60)		(14.5)	%
Other operating income		195		158		37			23.4
Total operating income(1)		549		572		(23)			(4.0)
Expected credit losses		(2)		(1)		(1)			(100.0)
Net operating income		551		573		(22)			(3.8)
Operating expenses		439		642		(203)			(31.6)
Profit (loss) before tax		$	112	$	(69)	$	181		*
Profit before tax											Profit before tax	$	80	$	86	$	(6)	(7.0)	%

*Percentage change is greater than 100 percent.

(1)The following table summarizes the impact of key activities on the total operating income of our WPB segment:


						Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021		Amount			%

																Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended March 31,											Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022		Amount		%
		(dollars are in millions)						(dollars are in millions)
Retail banking current accounts, savings and deposits	Retail banking current accounts, savings and deposits	$	100	$	106	$	(6)		(5.7)	%	Retail banking current accounts, savings and deposits	$	126	$	84	$	42	50.0	%
Retail banking mortgages, credit cards and other personal lending	Retail banking mortgages, credit cards and other personal lending	51		77		(26)			(33.8)		Retail banking mortgages, credit cards and other personal lending	35		64		(29)		(45.3)
Wealth and asset management products	Wealth and asset management products	23		19		4			21.1		Wealth and asset management products	21		18		3		16.7
Private banking	Private banking	57		43		14			32.6		Private banking	56		47		9		19.1
Retail business banking and other(2)	Retail business banking and other(2)	(14)		31		(45)			*		Retail business banking and other(2)	27		119		(92)		(77.3)
Total operating income	Total operating income	$	217	$	276	$	(59)		(21.4)	%	Total operating income	$	265	$	332	$	(67)	(20.2)	%

						Increase (Decrease)
Six Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021		Amount			%
		(dollars are in millions)
Retail banking current accounts, savings and deposits		$	184	$	216	$	(32)		(14.8)	%
Retail banking mortgages, credit cards and other personal lending		115		165		(50)			(30.3)
Wealth and asset management products		41		39		2			5.1
Private banking		104		88		16			18.2
Retail business banking and other(2)		105		64		41			64.1
Total operating income		$	549	$	572	$	(23)		(4.0)	%

(2)Includes cost reimbursements associated with activities performed on behalf of other HSBC affiliates and allocated Markets Treasury revenue. During the ~~six months ended June 30,~~first quarter of 2022, retail business banking and other also reflects a gain of $148 million on the sale of the branch disposal group associated with the exit of our mass market retail banking business ~~and~~as well as a loss on the sale of a portfolio of consumer mortgage loans as discussed below.

Our WPB segment reported a lower profit before tax during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022 compared with a loss before tax in the prior year periods. The improvement in the three-month period was~~March 31, 2023 due primarily to lower ~~operating expenses, partially offset by lower other operating income and lower net interest income. In the year-to-date period, the improvement was due primarily to lower operating expenses and higher~~ other operating income driven by ~~completion~~the non-recurrence of a gain of $148 million recorded during the first quarter of 2022 on the sale of the branch disposal group associated with the exit of our mass market retail banking ~~business which resulted in a gain of $148 million during~~business. Also contributing to the ~~first quarter of 2022. The improvement in the year-to-date period~~lower profit before tax was higher expected credit losses, partially offset by lower operating expenses and higher net interest income.


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

Net interest income ~~decreased~~increased during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due primarily to the favorable impact of loan sales and completion of the sale of the branch disposal group during the first quarter of 2022 which resulted in lower average loan and deposit balances as well as lower spreads. Also contributing to the decrease was the unfavorable impact of lower deposits driven by the attrition of balances our customers had previously built up during the COVID-19 pandemic which was partially offset by higher ~~savings deposits from a few large private banking clients.~~market rates.

Excluding the gain on sale of the branch disposal group as discussed above, other operating income ~~decreased~~increased during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due primarily to ~~a loss~~the non-recurrence of $31 million recorded during the second quarter of 2022 on the swap agreements entered into in conjunction with the sales of Visa Class B Shares primarily related to an increase in the expected timing of the final resolution of the related litigation and, in the year-to-date period, a loss of $55 million recorded during the first quarter of 2022 on the sale of a portfolio of consumer mortgage loans. Also contributing to the ~~decrease in both periods was~~increase were higher investment management fees driven by lower liquidity fee waivers reflecting the impact of higher market interest rates. These increases were partially offset by lower allocated Markets Treasury revenue, lower residential mortgage banking revenue driven by unfavorable fair value adjustments on residential mortgage loans held for trading ~~as well as~~and lower ~~allocated Markets Treasury revenue. These decreases were partially offset by higher investment management~~ fees ~~driven by lower liquidity fee waivers reflecting the impact of higher market interest rates and higher average assets under management.~~from account services.

Expected credit losses ~~improved~~increased during the three months ended ~~June 30, 2022 driven by improvements~~March 31, 2023. The loss provision in the ~~credit quality of the portfolio,~~current year period was due primarily to a higher loss estimate for risk factors associated with a change in New York State foreclosure law, partially offset by ~~the weakening of economic conditions which resulted in a worsening of economic~~improved housing price forecasts. In the ~~year-to-date~~prior year period, ~~expected credit losses were relatively flat as~~ the ~~impact of improvements in the credit quality of the portfolio~~loss provision was ~~largely offset~~driven by ~~an increase in credit reserves~~a higher loss estimate for risk factors associated with economic ~~uncertainty.~~uncertainty, partially offset by improved economic conditions which resulted in improved economic forecasts.

Operating expenses decreased during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 driven by the ~~execution~~completion of our Restructuring Plan ~~including completion of the sale of the branch disposal group during the first quarter of 2022,~~ which resulted in declines in staff costs, operating lease costs, marketing expense and cost allocations from our technology and support service functions. Also contributing to the decrease was the non-recurrence of $57 million of lease impairment and other related costs recorded during the second quarter of 2021 primarily related to the exit of certain branches as part of our Restructuring Plan as well aswere lower deposit insurance assessment fees.


HSBC USA Inc.

Client Assets The following table provides information regarding private banking client assets during the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:

Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021
(in millions)
Client assets at beginning of period $ 66,181 $ 44,104
Net new money (outflows) (2,459) 9,008
Value change (8,349) 2,078
Client assets at end of period $ 55,373 $ 55,190

~~100~~


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~


Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022
	(in millions)
Client assets at beginning of period	$	49,549	$	66,181
Net new money (outflows)	(581)		(1,170)

Value change	5,408		867
Client assets at end of period	$	54,376	$	65,878

Commercial Banking The following table summarizes the Group Reporting Basis results for our CMB segment:


						Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021		Amount			%

																Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended March 31,											Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022		Amount		%
		(dollars are in millions)						(dollars are in millions)
Net interest income	Net interest income	$	220	$	190	$	30		15.8	%	Net interest income	$	285	$	185	$	100	54.1	%
Other operating income	Other operating income	73		72		1			1.4		Other operating income	72		83		(11)		(13.3)
Total operating income(1)	Total operating income(1)	293		262		31			11.8		Total operating income(1)	357		268		89		33.2
Expected credit losses	Expected credit losses	54		(12)		66			*		Expected credit losses	16		(27)		43		*
Net operating income	Net operating income	239		274		(35)			(12.8)		Net operating income	341		295		46		15.6
Operating expenses	Operating expenses	143		153		(10)			(6.5)		Operating expenses	150		147		3		2.0
Profit before tax	Profit before tax	$	96	$	121	$	(25)		(20.7)	%	Profit before tax	$	191	$	148	$	43	29.1	%

						Increase (Decrease)
Six Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021		Amount			%
		(dollars are in millions)
Net interest income		$	405	$	380	$	25		6.6	%
Other operating income		156		138		18			13.0
Total operating income(1)		561		518		43			8.3
Expected credit losses		27		(50)		77			*
Net operating income		534		568		(34)			(6.0)
Operating expenses		290		303		(13)			(4.3)
Profit before tax		$	244	$	265	$	(21)		(7.9)	%

*Percentage change is greater than 100 percent.

(1)The following table summarizes the impact of key activities on the total operating income of our CMB segment:


						Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021		Amount			%

																Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended March 31,											Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022		Amount		%
		(dollars are in millions)						(dollars are in millions)
Lending and Transaction Management	Lending and Transaction Management	$	111	$	111	$	—		—	%	Lending and Transaction Management	$	109	$	108	$	1	.9	%
Global Liquidity and Cash Management ("GLCM")		125		100		25			25.0
Global Payments Solutions ("GPS")											Global Payments Solutions ("GPS")	173		97		76		78.4
Global Trade and Receivables Finance ("GTRF")	Global Trade and Receivables Finance ("GTRF")	20		16		4			25.0		Global Trade and Receivables Finance ("GTRF")	18		19		(1)		(5.3)
Investment banking products and other(2)	Investment banking products and other(2)	37		35		2			5.7		Investment banking products and other(2)	57		44		13		29.5
Total operating income	Total operating income	$	293	$	262	$	31		11.8	%	Total operating income	$	357	$	268	$	89	33.2	%

						Increase (Decrease)
Six Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021		Amount			%
		(dollars are in millions)
Lending and Transaction Management		$	219	$	217	$	2		.9	%
GLCM		222		199		23			11.6
GTRF		39		30		9			30.0
Investment banking products and other(2)		81		72		9			12.5
Total operating income		$	561	$	518	$	43		8.3	%

(2)Includes allocated Markets Treasury revenue.

Our CMB segment reported a ~~lower~~higher profit before tax during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due to higher net interest income, partially offset by higher expected credit losses ~~partially offset by higher net interest income,~~and lower ~~operating expenses and, in the year-to-date period, higher~~ other operating income.

Net interest income increased during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due to higher deposit spreads reflecting the ~~impacts~~impact of higher market rates, ~~and~~ higher average loan balances and higher earnings on capital. These increases were partially offset ~~in the three-month period~~ by lower average deposit balances.

Other operating income ~~was relatively flat~~decreased during the three months ended ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023 due to lower fees from loan syndication.

Expected credit losses increased during the three months ended March 31, 2023 reflecting a loss provision compared with a release in credit loss reserves in the prior year period. The loss provision in the current year period was driven by a higher loss estimate for risk factors associated with higher risk industry exposures as well as downgrades reflecting weakness in the financial condition of certain clients. In the ~~year-to-date~~prior year period, ~~other operating income~~the release in credit reserves was driven by improved economic conditions which resulted in improved economic forecasts as well as a lower loss estimate for risk factors associated with oil and gas industry loan exposures. The release in credit reserves in the prior year period was partially offset by higher provisions associated with loan growth.

Operating expenses increased modestly during the three months ended March 31, 2023 due primarily to higher ~~fees~~cost allocations from ~~loan syndication, account services~~our technology and ~~letters of credit.~~support service functions.

~~101~~87


HSBC USA Inc.

Expected credit losses increased during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 reflecting loss provisions compared with releases in credit loss reserves in the prior year periods. The loss provisions in the current year periods were driven by the weakening of economic conditions which resulted in weakness in the financial condition of certain clients and increases in credit reserves for risk factors associated with service industry loan exposures. Also contributing to the loss provisions in the current year periods were higher provisions associated with loan growth. In the prior year periods, the releases in credit reserves were driven by improved economic conditions which resulted in improved economic forecasts as well as client paydowns.

Operating expenses decreased during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 due primarily to lower incentive compensation expense and lower branch network costs, partially offset by higher cost allocations from our technology and support service functions.

Global Banking and Markets Our GBM business is comprised of three reportable operating segments:

Global Banking The following table summarizes the Group Reporting Basis results for our GB segment:


						Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021		Amount			%
		(dollars are in millions)
Net interest income		$	106	$	79	$	27		34.2	%
Other operating income		130		113		17			15.0
Total operating income(1)		236		192		44			22.9
Expected credit losses		(3)		(72)		69			95.8
Net operating income		239		264		(25)			(9.5)
Operating expenses		115		96		19			19.8
Profit before tax		$	124	$	168	$	(44)		(26.2)	%

						Increase (Decrease)
Six Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021		Amount			%

																Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended March 31,											Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022		Amount		%
		(dollars are in millions)						(dollars are in millions)
Net interest income	Net interest income	$	184	$	162	$	22		13.6	%	Net interest income	$	139	$	78	$	61	78.2	%
Other operating income	Other operating income	254		218		36			16.5		Other operating income	54		124		(70)		(56.5)
Total operating income(1)	Total operating income(1)	438		380		58			15.3		Total operating income(1)	193		202		(9)		(4.5)
Expected credit losses	Expected credit losses	(5)		(122)		117			95.9		Expected credit losses	3		(2)		5		*
Net operating income	Net operating income	443		502		(59)			(11.8)		Net operating income	190		204		(14)		(6.9)

Operating expenses	Operating expenses	232		190		42			22.1		Operating expenses	135		117		18		15.4
Profit before tax	Profit before tax	$	211	$	312	$	(101)		(32.4)	%	Profit before tax	$	55	$	87	$	(32)	(36.8)	%

*Percentage change is greater than 100 percent.

(1)The following table summarizes the impact of key activities on the total operating income of our GB segment. For purposes of the discussion below the table, total operating income is referred to as revenue.

Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Amount %
(dollars are in millions)
GLCM $ 119 $ 91 $ 28 30.8 %
Capital Markets 29 64 (35) (54.7)
Credit and Lending 15 26 (11) (42.3)
GTRF 13 13 — —
GB Other(2)
60 (2) 62 *
Total operating income $ 236 $ 192 $ 44 22.9 %

~~102~~


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~


						Increase (Decrease)
Six Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021		Amount		%
		(dollars are in millions)
GLCM		$	209	$	178	$	31	17.4	%

															Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended March 31,										Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022		Amount		%
											(dollars are in millions)
GPS										GPS	$	123	$	90	$	33	36.7	%
Capital Markets	Capital Markets	94		131		(37)		(28.2)		Capital Markets	60		65		(5)		(7.7)
Credit and Lending	Credit and Lending	36		44		(8)		(18.2)		Credit and Lending	20		21		(1)		(4.8)
GTRF	GTRF	25		25		—		—		GTRF	13		12		1		8.3
GB Other(2)	GB Other(2)	74		2		72		*		GB Other(2)	(23)		14		(37)		*
Total operating income	Total operating income	$	438	$	380	$	58	15.3	%	Total operating income	$	193	$	202	$	(9)	(4.5)	%

(2)Includes net interest income on capital held in the business and not assigned to products as well as revenue associated with credit default swap protection, certain credit-linked structured notes and loan sales.

Our GB segment reported a lower profit before tax during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due to lower other operating income, higher operating expenses and higher expected credit losses, ~~and higher operating expenses,~~ partially offset by ~~higher other operating income and~~ higher net interest income.

Revenue ~~increased~~decreased during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due primarily to ~~higher~~lower revenue in GB Other and ~~GLCM,~~Capital Markets, partially offset by ~~lower~~higher revenue in ~~Capital Markets and Credit and Lending. Higher~~GPS. Lower revenue in GB Other was driven by ~~valuation gains recorded in the current year periods~~unfavorable fair value adjustments on certain credit-linked structured notes and ~~higher income~~a loss associated with credit default swap protection which largely reflects the hedging of a few client ~~relationships. Higher GLCM~~relationships compared with a gain in the prior year period. Lower Capital Markets revenue was ~~due primarily to~~driven by lower fees from loan syndication, partially offset by higher net interest income in issuer services reflecting the impact of higher market rates. Higher revenue in GPS was driven by higher net interest income reflecting the impact of higher market rates as well as higher account service fees. Lower Capital Markets revenue was due primarily to lower fees from loan syndication, valuations losses in the current year periods on certain commercial loans and the non-recurrence of revenue associated with the collection of a nonaccrual loan in the prior year periods. Lower revenue in Credit and Lending was driven by lower fees from loan commitments and the non-recurrence of revenue associated with the collection of a nonaccrual loan in the prior year periods, partially offset by higher net interest income from improved spreads.rates.

Expected credit losses increased during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 reflecting ~~lower releases~~a loss provision compared with a release in credit loss ~~reserves.~~reserves in the prior year period. The ~~modest releases in credit reserves~~loss provision in the current year ~~periods were~~period was driven by ~~improvements~~downgrades reflecting weakness in the ~~credit~~financial condition of certain clients ~~and declines in credit reserves~~as well as a higher loss estimate for risk factors associated with ~~oil and gas~~higher risk industry ~~loan~~ exposures. In the prior year ~~periods,~~period, the ~~releases~~release in credit reserves ~~were~~was driven by improved economic conditions which resulted in improved economic forecasts as well as a lower loss estimate for risk factors associated with oil and ~~improvements in the credit condition of certain clients. Client paydowns and~~gas industry loan ~~sales also contributed to the releases in the prior year periods.~~exposures.

Operating expenses increased during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due primarily to higher cost allocations from HMUS reflecting the impact of a higher utilization percentage and higher cost allocations from our technology and support service ~~functions, including higher cost allocations from HMUS reflecting the impacts of higher staff costs and an updated service level agreement.~~functions.

~~103~~88


HSBC USA Inc.

Markets and Securities Services The following table summarizes the Group Reporting Basis results for our MSS segment:


						Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021		Amount		%
		(in millions)
Net interest income		$	—	$	12	$	(12)	(100.0)	%
Other operating income		100		41		59		*
Total operating income(1)		100		53		47		88.7
Expected credit losses		—		—		—		—
Net operating income		100		53		47		88.7
Operating expenses		80		65		15		23.1
Profit (loss) before tax		$	20	$	(12)	$	32	*

						Increase (Decrease)
Six Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021		Amount		%
		(in millions)
Net interest income		$	16	$	25	$	(9)	(36.0)	%

															Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended March 31,										Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022		Amount		%
											(dollars are in millions)
Net interest income (expense)										Net interest income (expense)	$	(68)	$	16	$	(84)	*
Other operating income	Other operating income	242		157		85		54.1		Other operating income	177		142		35		24.6
Total operating income(1)	Total operating income(1)	258		182		76		41.8		Total operating income(1)	109		158		(49)		(31.0)
Expected credit losses	Expected credit losses	—		—		—		—		Expected credit losses	—		—		—		—
Net operating income	Net operating income	258		182		76		41.8		Net operating income	109		158		(49)		(31.0)

Operating expenses	Operating expenses	149		146		3		2.1		Operating expenses	69		69		—		—
Profit before tax	Profit before tax	$	109	$	36	$	73	*		Profit before tax	$	40	$	89	$	(49)	(55.1)	%

*Percentage change is greater than 100 percent.

(1)The following table summarizes the impact of key activities on the total operating income of our MSS segment. For purposes of the discussion below the table, total operating income is referred to as revenue.

Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Amount %
(dollars are in millions)
Foreign Exchange and Metals $ 65 $ 48 $ 17 35.4 %
Debt Markets — (1) 1 100.0
Securities Financing 12 6 6 100.0
Equities 16 — 16 *
Securities Services 6 7 (1) (14.3)
MSS Other(2)
1 (6) 7 *
Credit and funding valuation adjustments — (1) 1 100.0
Total MSS $ 100 $ 53 $ 47 88.7 %
Increase (Decrease)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Amount %
(dollars are in millions)
Foreign Exchange and Metals $ 156 $ 134 $ 22 16.4 %
Debt Markets 2 (3) 5 *
Securities Financing 32 15 17 *
Equities 43 16 27 *
Securities Services 14 13 1 7.7
MSS Other(2)
— (10) 10 100.0
Credit and funding valuation adjustments 11 17 (6) (35.3)
Total MSS $ 258 $ 182 $ 76 41.8 %

~~(2)~~Includes revenue associated with the exit of certain derivative contracts as part of our Restructuring Plan, including trading losses of $6 million and $10 million recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.














					Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022		Amount		%
	(dollars are in millions)
Foreign Exchange and Metals	$	83	$	91	$	(8)	(8.8)	%
Debt Markets	5		2		3		*
Securities Financing	5		20		(15)		(75.0)
Equities	2		27		(25)		(92.6)
Securities Services	9		8		1		12.5
MSS Other	—		(1)		1		100.0
Credit and funding valuation adjustments	5		11		(6)		(54.5)
Total MSS	$	109	$	158	$	(49)	(31.0)	%

Our MSS segment reported a lower profit before tax during the three months ended ~~June 30, 2022 compared with a loss before tax during the prior year period~~March 31, 2023 due to higher ~~other operating income,~~net interest expense, partially offset by higher other operating ~~expenses and lower~~

~~104~~


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

income. The net interest ~~income. In~~expense in the ~~year-to-date period, our MSS segment reported~~first quarter of 2023 was due to a higher ~~profit before tax due primarily to~~cost of funds reflecting the impact of higher ~~other operating income, partially offset by lower net interest income.~~market rates.

Revenue ~~increased~~decreased during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due ~~primarily~~ to ~~higher~~lower revenue in Equities, Securities Financing, Foreign Exchange and Metals, ~~Equities, Securities Financing~~ and ~~MSS Other. Higher revenue in Foreign Exchange~~Credit and ~~Metals was due to market volatility which resulted in increased trading opportunities. Higher~~funding valuation adjustments. Lower Equities revenue was driven by ~~higher~~lower performance fees associated with trading activity booked on the balance sheet of HSBC Bank plc. ~~Higher~~Lower revenue in Securities Financing and Foreign Exchange and Metals was due primarily to ~~increased business activity and improved yields while higher revenue in MSS Other was~~lower balance sheet deployment driven by the non-recurrence of trading losses recorded in the prior year periods associated with the exit of certain derivative contracts as part of our Restructuring Plan. These increases were partially offset in the year-to-date period by unfavorablespread compression. Credit and funding valuation adjustments were unfavorable attributable primarily to lower gains from credit valuation adjustments on derivative assets.

Operating expenses ~~increased~~were flat during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022 due primarily to higher cost allocations from our technology and support service functions, partially offset by lower staff costs.~~March 31, 2023.

Global Banking and Markets Other The following table summarizes the Group Reporting Basis results for our GBM Other segment. For purposes of the discussion below the table, total operating income is referred to as revenue.

Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Amount %
(in millions)
Net interest income (expense) $ 1 $ (5) $ 6 *
Other operating income 26 29 (3) (10.3)
Total operating income 27 24 3 12.5
Expected credit losses 1 — 1 *
Net operating income 26 24 2 8.3
Operating expenses 21 25 (4) (16.0)
Profit (loss) before tax $ 5 $ (1) $ 6 *
Increase (Decrease)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Amount %
(in millions)
Net interest expense $ (1) $ (6) $ 5 83.3 %
Other operating income 50 54 (4) (7.4)
Total operating income 49 48 1 2.1
Expected credit losses 1 (1) 2 *
Net operating income 48 49 (1) (2.0)
Operating expenses 45 51 (6) (11.8)
Profit (loss) before tax $ 3 $ (2) $ 5 *

*~~Percentage change is greater than 100 percent.~~













					Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022		Amount		%
	(in millions)
Net interest income (expense)	$	—	$	(2)	$	2	100.0	%
Other operating income	21		24		(3)		(12.5)
Total operating income	21		22		(1)		(4.5)
Expected credit losses	—		—		—		—
Net operating income	21		22		(1)		(4.5)

Operating expenses	18		24		(6)		(25.0)
Profit (loss) before tax	$	3	$	(2)	$	5	*

Our GBM Other segment reported a profit before tax during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 compared with a loss before tax ~~during~~in the prior year ~~periods~~period due primarily to lower operating expenses driven by lower ~~administrative expenses and lower~~ cost allocations from our technology and support service ~~functions as well as lower net interest expense driven by lower liquidity charges.~~functions.

~~105~~89


HSBC USA Inc.

Corporate Center The following table summarizes the Group Reporting Basis results for our CC segment:


						Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021		Amount			%

															Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended March 31,										Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022		Amount		%
		(dollars are in millions)						(dollars are in millions)
Net interest expense	Net interest expense	$	(12)	$	(1)	$	(11)		*	Net interest expense	$	(26)	$	(1)	$	(25)	*
Other operating income		16		18		(2)			(11.1)
Total operating income(1)		4		17		(13)			(76.5)
Expected credit losses		—		—		—			—
Net operating income		4		17		(13)			(76.5)
Operating expenses		115		71		44			62.0
Loss before tax		$	(111)	$	(54)	$	(57)		*

						Increase (Decrease)
Six Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021		Amount			%
		(dollars are in millions)
Net interest expense		$	(13)	$	(2)	$	(11)		*
Other operating income		8		29		(21)			(72.4)
Other operating income (expense)										Other operating income (expense)	10		(8)		18		*
Total operating income (expense)~~(1)~~	Total operating income (expense)~~(1)~~	(5)		27		(32)			*	Total operating income (expense)~~(1)~~	(16)		(9)		(7)		(77.8)
Expected credit losses	Expected credit losses	—		—		—			—	Expected credit losses	—		—		—		—
Net operating income (expense)	Net operating income (expense)	(5)		27		(32)			*	Net operating income (expense)	(16)		(9)		(7)		(77.8)
Operating expenses	Operating expenses	181		102		79			77.5	Operating expenses	32		66		(34)		(51.5)
Loss before tax	Loss before tax	$	(186)	$	(75)	$	(111)		*	Loss before tax	$	(48)	$	(75)	$	27	36.0	%

*Percentage change is greater than 100 percent.

~~(1)The following table summarizes the impact of key activities on the total operating income of our CC segment:~~

Increase (Decrease)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Amount %
(dollars are in millions)
Legacy structured credit products $ — $ — $ — — %
Other 4 17 (13) (76.5)
Total operating income $ 4 $ 17 $ (13) (76.5) %
Increase (Decrease)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Amount %
(dollars are in millions)
Legacy structured credit products $ 1 $ 3 $ (2) (66.7) %
Other (6) 24 (30) *
Total operating income $ (5) $ 27 $ (32) *

Our CC segment reported a ~~higher~~lower loss before tax during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due ~~primarily~~ to ~~higher~~lower operating expenses ~~higher interest expense~~ and ~~in the year-to-date period, lower~~higher other operating ~~income.~~income, partially offset by higher net interest expense.

Net interest expense increased during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 driven by a higher cost of funds reflecting the impact of higher ~~retained liquidity charges.~~market rates.

Other operating income ~~was relatively flat~~increased during the three months ended ~~June 30, 2022. In the year-to-date period, other operating income decreased~~March 31, 2023 due primarily to ~~unfavorable~~favorable movements related to the economic hedging of interest rate risk within our own debt, lower ~~income from equity investments and higher~~ losses on certain investments held for Community Reinvestment Act ~~purposes.~~purposes and favorable fair value adjustments on certain equity investments.

Operating expenses ~~increased~~decreased during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022 due primarily to higher professional fees~~March 31, 2023 driven by ~~higher attorney's fees, higher~~the non-recurrence of allocated ~~restructuring related costs~~Costs to Achieve from HTSU and other HSBC affiliates, primarily support service project costs and severance costs, as well as higher costs associated with our investments in systems infrastructure and new technologies. These increases were partially offset by higher levels of expense capitalization related to internally developed software and the non-recurrence of $10 million of lease impairment and other related costs recorded during the ~~second quarter of 2021 associated with closed branches and certain office space as part of our Restructuring Plan.~~

~~106~~


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

prior year period.

Reconciliation of Segment Results As previously discussed, segment results are reported on a Group Reporting Basis. See Note 15, "Business Segments," in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a reconciliation of our Group Reporting Basis segment results to U.S. GAAP consolidated totals.


HSBC USA Inc.

Credit Quality

In the normal course of business, we enter into a variety of transactions that involve both on and off-balance sheet credit risk. Principal among these activities is lending to various commercial, institutional, governmental and individual customers. We participate in lending activity throughout the United States and, on a limited basis, internationally.

Allowance for Credit Losses / Liability for Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures Our accounting policies and methodologies related to the allowance for credit losses and liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures are presented under the caption "Critical Accounting Estimates" in MD&A and in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and New Accounting Pronouncements," in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K. Our approach toward credit risk management is summarized under the caption "Risk Management" in MD&A in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K. There have been no significant revisions to our policies or methodologies during the first ~~half~~quarter of ~~2022.~~2023.

The following table summarizes our allowance for credit losses and the liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures:


		June 30, 2022		March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(in millions)							(in millions)
Allowance for credit losses:	Allowance for credit losses:							Allowance for credit losses:
Loans:	Loans:							Loans:
Commercial loans	Commercial loans	$	499	$	441	$	420	Commercial loans	$	569	$	551
Consumer loans	Consumer loans	35		26		27		Consumer loans	19		33
Total loans	Total loans	534		467		447		Total loans	588		584
Securities held-to-maturity	Securities held-to-maturity	—		1		1		Securities held-to-maturity	—		—
Other financial assets measured at amortized cost(1)	Other financial assets measured at amortized cost(1)	1		1		1		Other financial assets measured at amortized cost(1)	—		—
Securities available-for-sale	Securities available-for-sale	2		—		1		Securities available-for-sale	—		—
Total allowance for credit losses	Total allowance for credit losses	$	537	$	469	$	450	Total allowance for credit losses	$	588	$	584

Liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures	Liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures	$	89	$	84	$	103	Liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures	$	125	$	117

(1)Primarily includes accrued interest receivables and customer acceptances.

The total allowance for credit losses at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 increased ~~$68~~$4 million or ~~14 percent as compared with March 31, 2022 and increased $87 million or 19~~1 percent as compared with December 31, ~~2021~~2022 due ~~primarily~~ to a higher loss estimate on our commercial loan portfolio, ~~and, to~~partially offset by a ~~lesser extent,~~lower loss estimate on our consumer loan portfolio.

Our commercial allowance for credit losses at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 increased ~~$58~~$18 million or ~~13 percent as compared with March 31, 2022 and increased $79 million or 19~~3 percent as compared with December 31, ~~2021~~2022 driven by increases in credit reserves for risk factors associated with higher risk industry exposures and large loan exposures as well as downgrades reflecting weakness in the ~~weakening~~financial condition of ~~economic conditions which resulted~~certain clients.

Our consumer allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2023 decreased $14 million or 42 percent as compared with December 31, 2022 driven by improved housing price forecasts, partially offset by an increase in ~~increases~~credit reserves for risk factors associated with a change in New York State foreclosure law.

The liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures at March 31, 2023 increased $8 million or 7 percent as compared with December 31, 2022 resulting from an increase in credit reserves for risk factors associated with large loan exposures and ~~higher risk industry exposures, supply chain disruptions and energy price uncertainty, as well as~~downgrades reflecting weakness in the financial condition of certain clients and, as compared with March 31, 2022, a worsening of economic forecasts. Also contributing to the increase in both periods were higher loss estimates associated with loan growth and maturity extensions. The increase as compared with December 31, 2021 was partially offset by charge-offs.

Our consumer allowance for credit losses at June 30, 2022 increased $9 million or 35 percent as compared with March 31, 2022 and increased $8 million or 30 percent as compared with December 31, 2021 driven by the weakening of economic conditions which resulted in a worsening of economic forecasts as compared with March 31, 2022 and an increase in credit reserves for risk factors associated with economic uncertainty as compared with December 31, 2021.

The liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures at June 30, 2022 increased $5 million or 6 percent as compared with March 31, 2022 resulting from the weakening of economic conditions. As compared with December 31, 2021, the liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures decreased $14 million or 14 percent resulting from improvements in the credit condition of certain clients.

~~107~~91


HSBC USA Inc.

Analysis of the Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

The following table presents the allowance for credit losses on loans by major loan categories:


		Amount		% of Loans to Total Loans		Amount		% of Loans to Total Loans		Amount		% of Loans to Total Loans					Amount		% of Loans to Total Loans		Amount		% of Loans to Total Loans
		June 30, 2022				March 31, 2022				December 31, 2021					March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(dollars are in millions)												(dollars are in millions)
Commercial:	Commercial:															Commercial:
Real estate, including construction	Real estate, including construction	$	162	14.2	%	$	122	13.7	%	$	73	14.7	%			Real estate, including construction	$	172	13.3	%	$	200	13.4	%
Business and corporate banking	Business and corporate banking	218		26.1		197		26.1		243		25.0				Business and corporate banking	264		27.7		230		27.1
Global banking	Global banking	118		21.0		120		20.4		100		19.9				Global banking	132		17.8		120		17.8
Other commercial	Other commercial	1		11.0		2		12.3		4		11.6				Other commercial	1		11.5		1		12.1
Total commercial	Total commercial	499		72.3		441		72.4		420		71.2				Total commercial	569		70.3		551		70.4
Consumer:	Consumer:															Consumer:
Residential mortgages	Residential mortgages	6		26.7		5		26.6		8		27.7				Residential mortgages	(2)		28.6		11		28.4
Home equity mortgages	Home equity mortgages	7		.6		6		.5		5		.6				Home equity mortgages	3		.6		2		.6
Credit cards	Credit cards	22		.3		15		.3		14		.4				Credit cards	15		.3		16		.4
Other consumer	Other consumer	—		.1		—		.2		—		.1				Other consumer	3		.2		4		.2
Total consumer	Total consumer	35		27.7		26		27.6		27		28.8				Total consumer	19		29.7		33		29.6
Total	Total	$	534	100.0	%	$	467	100.0	%	$	447	100.0	%			Total	$	588	100.0	%	$	584	100.0	%

The following table sets forth key ratios for the allowance for credit losses on loans:


		June 30, 2022		March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022

Ratio of Allowance for credit losses to:	Ratio of Allowance for credit losses to:							Ratio of Allowance for credit losses to:
Loans:(1)	Loans:(1)							Loans:(1)
Commercial:	Commercial:							Commercial:
Non-affiliates	Non-affiliates	1.21	%	1.13	%	1.14	%	Non-affiliates	1.48	%	1.44	%
Affiliates	Affiliates	—		—		—		Affiliates	—		—
Total commercial	Total commercial	1.12		1.04		1.06		Total commercial	1.36		1.32
Consumer:	Consumer:							Consumer:
Residential mortgages	Residential mortgages	.04		.03		.05		Residential mortgages	(.01)		.07
Home equity mortgages	Home equity mortgages	1.99		1.96		1.54		Home equity mortgages	.83		.54
Credit cards	Credit cards	10.78		7.32		6.86		Credit cards	7.58		7.51
Other consumer	Other consumer	—		—		—		Other consumer	2.29		2.82
Total consumer	Total consumer	.20		.16		.17		Total consumer	.11		.19
Total loans	Total loans	.86		.80		.80		Total loans	.99		.98

Nonperforming loans:(1)(2)	Nonperforming loans:(1)(2)							Nonperforming loans:(1)(2)
Commercial	Commercial	161	%	151	%	111	%	Commercial	219	%	255	%
Consumer	Consumer	17		19		11		Consumer	8		15
Total nonperforming loans	Total nonperforming loans	103		109		72		Total nonperforming loans	119		133

(1)Ratios exclude loans held for sale as these loans are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value.

(2)Represents our commercial and consumer allowance for credit losses, as appropriate, divided by the corresponding outstanding balance of total nonperforming loans held for investment. Nonperforming loans include accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more.

See Note 7, "Allowance for Credit Losses," in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a rollforward of credit losses by loan categories for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and ~~2021.~~2022.

The allowance for credit losses on loans as a percentage of total loans held for investment at ~~June 30, 2022 increased~~March 31, 2023 was relatively flat as compared with ~~both March 31, 2022 and~~ December 31, ~~2021 as the increase in our allowance for credit losses for the reasons discussed above outpaced an increase in total loans held for investment.~~2022.

~~108~~92


HSBC USA Inc.

The allowance for credit losses on loans as a percentage of nonperforming loans held for investment at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 decreased as compared with ~~March~~December 31, 2022 as an increase in nonperforming loans as discussed further below in both our ~~consumer~~commercial and ~~commercial~~consumer loan portfolios outpaced the increase in our allowance for credit losses for the reasons discussed above. As compared with December 31, 2021, the allowance for credit losses on loans as a percentage of nonperforming loans held for investment increased due to the increase in our allowance for credit losses for the reasons discussed above and a decrease in nonperforming loans as discussed further below in both our consumer and commercial loan portfolios.

Delinquency The following table summarizes dollars of two-months-and-over contractual delinquency and two-months-and-over contractual delinquency as a percentage of total loans, excluding loans held for sale ("delinquency ratio").


		June 30, 2022				March 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
		Delinquent Loans		Delinquency Ratio		Delinquent Loans		Delinquency Ratio		Delinquent Loans			Delinquency Ratio				March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
		(dollars are in millions)										Delinquent Loans			Delinquency Ratio						Delinquent Loans	Delinquency Ratio
																	(dollars are in millions)
Commercial	Commercial	$	128	.29	%	$	31	.07	%	$	112		.28	%		Commercial	$	102	.24	%				$	126	.30	%
Consumer:	Consumer:															Consumer:
Residential mortgages(1)(2)	Residential mortgages(1)(2)	110		.67		42		.27		103			.67			Residential mortgages(1)(2)	138		.81					141		.84
Home equity mortgages(1)(2)	Home equity mortgages(1)(2)	3		.85		1		.33		1			.31			Home equity mortgages(1)(2)	8		2.21					3		.81
Credit cards	Credit cards	2		.98		2		.98		3			1.47			Credit cards	4		2.02					3		1.41

Other consumer																Other consumer	2		1.53					3		2.11
Total consumer	Total consumer	115		.67		45		.28		107			.67			Total consumer	152		.86					150		.85
Total	Total	$	243	.39		$	76	.13		$	219		.39			Total	$	254	.43					$	276	.46

(1)At ~~June 30, 2022,~~ March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, consumer mortgage loan delinquency includes ~~$46 million, $7~~$63 million and ~~$24~~$60 million, respectively, of loans that are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value of the collateral less costs to sell.

(2)The following table reflects dollars of contractual delinquency and delinquency ratios for interest-only loans and adjustable rate mortgage ("ARM") loans:


		June 30, 2022				March 31, 2022				December 31, 2021						March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
		Delinquent Loans		Delinquency Ratio		Delinquent Loan		Delinquency Ratio		Delinquent Loans			Delinquency Ratio			Delinquent Loans		Delinquency Ratio			Delinquent Loans		Delinquency Ratio
		(dollars are in millions)										(dollars are in millions)

Interest-only loans	Interest-only loans	$	4	.10	%	$	—	—	%	$	3		.07	%	Interest-only loans	$	16	.39	%		$	9	.22	%
ARM loans	ARM loans	62		.50		31		.26		67			.56		ARM loans	88		.70			85		.67

Our two-months-and-over contractual delinquency ratio ~~increased 26~~decreased 3 basis points compared with ~~March~~December 31, 2022 ~~and was flat compared with December 31, 2021. The increase in the ratio as compared with March 31, 2022 was~~ due to ~~higher~~lower dollars of delinquency in ~~both~~ our commercial ~~and consumer~~ loan portfolios, partially offset by higher outstanding loan balances. As compared with December 31, 2021, higher dollars of delinquency in both our commercial and consumer loan portfolios were offset by higher outstanding loan balances.portfolio.

Our commercial loan two-months-and-over contractual delinquency ratio ~~increased 22~~decreased 6 basis points compared with ~~March~~December 31, 2022 ~~and was relatively flat compared with December 31, 2021. The increase in the ratio as compared with March 31, 2022 was~~ due to ~~higher~~lower dollars of delinquency driven primarily by ~~two~~collections of a few large private banking loans, partially offset by a commercial real estate loan and two corporate banking loans which became 60 days past due, partially offset by higher outstanding loan balances. As compared with December 31, 2021, the impact of higher dollars of delinquency in the second quarter was largely offset by collections and the partial charge-off of a global banking loan in the first quarter as well as higher outstanding loan balances.due.

Our consumer loan two-months-and-over contractual delinquency ratio ~~increased 39 basis points compared with March 31, 2022 and~~ was relatively flat compared with December 31, ~~2021. The increase in the ratio~~2022 as ~~compared with March 31, 2022 was due to~~ higher dollars of delinquency in home equity mortgages driven by the impact of transferring certain loans from held for sale to held for investment during the second quarter of 2022, which collectively included $44 million of delinquent consumer mortgage loans, as well as certaina large private banking ~~mortgage customers~~loan which became 60 days past due. The increase in the ratio as compared with March 31, 2022 was partially offset by higher outstanding loan balances. As compared with December 31, 2021, the impact of transferring certain loans from held for sale to held for investment in the second quarterdue, was largely offset by ~~the sale~~lower dollars of ~~certain non-performing mortgage loans during the first quarter of 2022 as well as higher outstanding loan balances.~~delinquency in residential mortgages reflecting collections.

~~109~~93


HSBC USA Inc.

Net Charge-offs of Loans The following table summarizes net charge-off (recovery) dollars as well as net charge-off (recovery) of loans for the period as a percentage of average loans, excluding loans held for sale ("net charge-off ratio"):


		Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
		2022						2021						2022						2021							Three Months Ended March 31,
		Net Charge-off Dollars		Average Loans		Net Charge-off Ratio		Net Charge-off Dollars		Average Loans		Net Charge-off Ratio		Net Charge-off Dollars		Average Loans		Net Charge-off Ratio		Net Charge-off Dollars		Average Loans		Net Charge-off Ratio						2023				2022
		(dollars are in millions)																													Net Charge-off Dollars	Average Loans	Net Charge-off Ratio		Net Charge-off Dollars		Average Loans		Net Charge-off Ratio
																													(dollars are in millions)
Commercial:	Commercial:																									Commercial:
Real estate, including construction	Real estate, including construction	$	—	$	8,404	—	%	$	—	$	9,883	—	%	$	—	$	8,290	—	%	$	—	$	10,099	—	%			Real estate, including construction								$	—	$	7,998	—	%	$	—	$	8,175	—	%
Business and corporate banking	Business and corporate banking	1		15,942		.03		13		13,006		.40		7		15,336		.09		14		13,215		.21				Business and corporate banking								4		16,504		.10		6		14,723		.16
Global banking	Global banking	—		12,148		—		12		12,444		.39		9		11,664		.15		12		12,621		.19				Global banking								—		10,328		—		9		11,174		.33
Other commercial	Other commercial	—		7,145		—		—		4,923		—		—		6,987		—		—		4,811		—				Other commercial								—		7,258		—		—		6,827		—
Total commercial	Total commercial	1		43,639		.01		25		40,256		.25		16		42,277		.08		26		40,746		.13				Total commercial								4		42,088		.04		15		40,899		.15
Consumer:	Consumer:																											Consumer:
Residential mortgages	Residential mortgages	(2)		15,787		(.05)		5		17,642		.11		(3)		15,690		(.04)		3		18,026		.03				Residential mortgages								3		16,886		.07		(1)		15,593		(.03)
Home equity mortgages	Home equity mortgages	—		308		—		1		583		.69		(1)		315		(.64)		(1)		647		(.31)				Home equity mortgages								—		365		—		(1)		322		(1.24)
Credit cards	Credit cards	(2)		197		(4.06)		68		826		33.01		(4)		182		(4.39)		84		908		18.62				Credit cards								1		199		2.01		(2)		168		(4.77)
Other consumer	Other consumer	(1)		48		(8.33)		6		246		9.77		(1)		55		(3.63)		10		268		7.46				Other consumer								—		136		—		—		62		—
Total consumer	Total consumer	(5)		16,340		(.12)		80		19,297		1.66		(9)		16,242		(.11)		96		19,849		.98				Total consumer								4		17,586		.09		(4)		16,145		(.10)
Total	Total	$	(4)	$	59,979	(.03)		$	105	$	59,553	.71		$	7	$	58,519	.02		$	122	$	60,595	.41				Total								$	8	$	59,674	.05		$	11	$	57,044	.08

Our net charge-off ratio decreased 743 basis points during the three months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 due ~~primarily~~ to a lower level of net charge-offs in our consumer loan portfolio driven by the non-recurrence of $56 million of charge-offs recorded during the second quarter of 2021 on certain loans that were transferred to held for sale as well as lower charge-offs in credit cards reflecting the impact of lower balances due to loan sales. Also contributing to the decrease in the ratio was a lower level of net charge-offs in our commercial loan portfolio driven by the ~~sale~~deterioration of a global banking loan ~~and the deterioration of a corporate banking loan~~ in the prior ~~year.~~

~~In the year-to-date~~year period, ~~our net charge-off ratio decreased 39 basis points due primarily to~~partially offset by a ~~lower~~higher level of net charge-offs in our consumer loan portfolio ~~due primarily to the non-recurrence~~reflecting a modest level of ~~charge-offs recorded during the second quarter of 2021 on certain loans that were transferred to held for sale as discussed above as well as lower~~net charge-offs in ~~credit cards reflecting~~ the ~~impact~~current year period compared with a modest level of ~~lower balances due to loan sales.~~net recoveries in the prior year period. Also contributing to the decrease in the ratio ~~was a lower level of net charge-offs in our commercial~~were higher average loan ~~portfolio driven by lower charge-offs associated with loan sales.~~balances.

~~110~~94


HSBC USA Inc.

Nonperforming Loans The following table summarizes nonperforming loans, including nonaccrual loans and accruing loans contractually 90 days or more past due, as well as nonperforming loans as a percentage of total loans, excluding loans held for sale ("nonperforming ratio"):


		June 30, 2022				March 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
		Nonperforming Loans(1)		Nonperforming Ratio		Nonperforming Loans(1)		Nonperforming Ratio		Nonperforming Loans(1)		Nonperforming Ratio
		(dollars are in millions)

															March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
															Nonperforming Loans(1)		Nonperforming Ratio			Nonperforming Loans(1)		Nonperforming Ratio
															(dollars are in millions)
Commercial	Commercial	$	309	.69	%	$	292	.69	%	$	380	.95	%	Commercial	$	260	.62	%		$	216	.52	%
Consumer:	Consumer:													Consumer:
Residential mortgages(2)(3)(4)	Residential mortgages(2)(3)(4)	198		1.20		131		.84		229		1.48		Residential mortgages(2)(3)(4)	219		1.29			213		1.26
Home equity mortgages(2)(3)	Home equity mortgages(2)(3)	9		2.56		6		1.96		9		2.77		Home equity mortgages(2)(3)	11		3.04			7		1.89
Credit cards	Credit cards	1		.49		1		.49		2		.98		Credit cards	3		1.52			2		.94

Other consumer														Other consumer	—		—			1		.70
Total consumer	Total consumer	208		1.22		138		.85		240		1.49		Total consumer	233		1.32			223		1.27
Total	Total	$	517	.84		$	430	.73		$	620	1.11		Total	$	493	.83			$	439	.74

Other real estate owned(5)	Other real estate owned(5)	$	3			$	3			$	2			Other real estate owned(5)	$	2				$	2

(1)See Note 6, "Loans," in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a breakout of nonaccrual loans and accruing loans contractually 90 days or more past due. At ~~June 30, 2022,~~both March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, total nonperforming loans include $2$4 million ~~$2 million and $3 million, respectively,~~ of accruing loans contractually 90 days or more past due.

(2)At ~~June 30, 2022,~~ March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, nonperforming consumer mortgage loans include ~~$95 million, $63~~$123 million and ~~$86~~$109 million, respectively, of loans that are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value of the collateral less cost to sell.

(3)Nonperforming consumer mortgage loans held for investment include all loans which are 90 or more days contractually delinquent as well as loans discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy and not re-affirmed and second lien loans where the first lien loan that we own or service is 90 or more days contractually delinquent.

(4)Nonperforming consumer mortgage loans for all periods does not include guaranteed loans purchased from the Government National Mortgage Association. Repayment of these loans is predominantly insured by the Federal Housing Administration and as such, these loans have different risk characteristics from the rest of our customer loan portfolio.

(5)Includes $1 million or less of commercial other real estate owned at ~~June 30, 2022,~~both March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Our nonperforming loans ratio increased 119 basis points compared with ~~March~~December 31, 2022 due to higher nonperforming loans in our ~~consumer~~commercial loan portfolio and, to a lesser extent, our commercial loan portfolio, partially offset by higher outstanding loan balances. As compared with December 31, 2021, our nonperforming loans ratio decreased 27 basis points due to lower nonperforming loans in both our commercial and consumer loan ~~portfolios as well as higher outstanding loan balances.~~portfolio.

Our commercial nonperforming loans ratio was flat compared with March 31, 2022 as higher nonperforming loans due primarily to the downgrade of a corporate banking loan was offset by higher outstanding loan balances. As compared with December 31, 2021, our commercial nonperforming loans ratio decreased 26 basis points due to lower nonperforming loans driven by the paydown of a commercial real estate loan, loan sales and the partial charge-off of a global banking loan. Also contributing to the decrease in the ratio as compared with December 31, 2021 was higher outstanding loan balances.

~~Our consumer nonperforming loans ratio~~ increased 3710 basis points compared with ~~March~~December 31, 2022 due to higher nonperforming loans driven primarily by the ~~impact~~downgrade of transferring certain loans from held for sale to held for investment during the second quarter of 2022, which collectively included $63 million of consumer mortgage nonperforming loans. The increase in the ratio as compared with March 31, 2022 wasa commercial real estate loan, partially offset by ~~higher outstanding loan balances. As~~the paydown of a corporate banking loan.

Our consumer nonperforming loans ratio increased 5 basis points compared with December 31, ~~2021, our consumer nonperforming loans ratio decreased 27 basis points~~2022 due to ~~lower~~higher nonperforming loans as customers which became 90 days past due, including a large private banking home equity mortgage loan, outpaced decreases due to foreclosure reflecting the impact of ~~transferring certain loans from held for sale to held for investment in the second quarter was more than offset by the sale of certain non-performing mortgage loans and~~previous loan sales or customers ~~who were previously on forbearance relief~~ returning to accrual ~~status during the first quarter of 2022. Also contributing to the decrease in the ratio as compared with December 31, 2021 were higher outstanding loan balances.~~status.

Our policies and practices for problem loan management and placing loans on nonaccrual status are summarized in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and New Accounting Pronouncements," in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K.

~~111~~


HSBC USA Inc.

Concentration of Credit Risk A concentration of credit risk is defined as a significant credit exposure with an individual or group engaged in similar activities or affected similarly by economic conditions. We enter into a variety of transactions in the normal course of business that involve both on and off-balance sheet credit risk. Principal among these activities is lending to various commercial, institutional, governmental and individual ~~customers throughout the United States and internationally.~~customers. We manage the varying degrees of credit risk associated with on and off-balance sheet transactions through specific credit policies and procedures which provide for a strict approval, monitoring and reporting process. It is our policy to require collateral when it is deemed appropriate. Varying degrees and types of collateral are secured depending upon management's credit evaluation.

Commercial Credit Exposure Our commercial credit exposure is diversified across a broad range of industries. Commercial loans outstanding, excluding loans held for sale, and unused commercial commitments by industry are presented in the table below:


		June 30, 2022				December 31, 2021					March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
		Commercial Utilized		Unused Commercial Commitments		Commercial Utilized		Unused Commercial Commitments			Commercial Utilized		Unused Commercial Commitments		Commercial Utilized		Unused Commercial Commitments
		(in millions)									(in millions)
Diversified financials	Diversified financials	$	9,477	$	12,980	$	9,177	$	13,128	Diversified financials	$	8,025	$	10,892	$	8,415	$	11,779
Real estate	Real estate	6,615		2,214		5,937		2,289		Real estate	6,323		1,697		6,198		1,909
Commercial and professional services										Commercial and professional services	3,129		5,649		3,002		5,677
Consumer services	Consumer services	3,118		3,393		3,454		3,367		Consumer services	2,868		3,308		2,783		3,251
Commercial and professional services		2,681		5,710		2,093		5,234
Retailing	Retailing	2,659		5,542		2,209		5,127		Retailing	2,285		6,530		2,285		5,779
Software and services		2,565		4,325		1,009		3,354
Capital goods	Capital goods	1,883		5,712		1,833		6,140		Capital goods	2,143		6,379		2,167		6,076
Consumer durables and apparel	Consumer durables and apparel	1,823		2,976		1,515		2,889		Consumer durables and apparel	1,915		2,940		1,937		2,975
Technology hardware and equipment										Technology hardware and equipment	1,394		6,456		1,265		6,530
Software and services										Software and services	1,271		4,197		1,726		4,356
Health care equipment and services										Health care equipment and services	1,208		2,547		1,182		2,624
Chemicals	Chemicals	1,398		4,306		1,491		3,575		Chemicals	1,204		3,965		1,367		4,109
Technology hardware and equipment		1,188		7,302		1,032		7,179
Utilities										Utilities	992		1,236		842		991
Energy	Energy	1,034		5,414		1,155		5,852		Energy	934		4,612		988		4,464
Utilities		1,005		840		956		1,286
Health care equipment and services		911		2,527		785		2,359
Banks										Banks	926		306		702		590
Food, beverage and tobacco	Food, beverage and tobacco	852		2,723		787		2,968		Food, beverage and tobacco	710		2,330		668		2,351
Transportation		664		489		581		436
Banks		623		385		35		421
Metals and mining										Metals and mining	648		491		629		462
Food and staples retailing	Food and staples retailing	606		1,542		522		2,003		Food and staples retailing	606		1,486		628		1,457
Metals and mining		495		429		432		676
Semiconductors and semiconductor equipment										Semiconductors and semiconductor equipment	535		3,186		238		3,531
Pharmaceuticals, biotechnology and life science	Pharmaceuticals, biotechnology and life science	378		3,507		476		3,471		Pharmaceuticals, biotechnology and life science	368		4,284		398		5,313
Paper and forest products		328		646		235		491
Media and entertainment										Media and entertainment	352		728		315		693
Total commercial credit exposure in top 20 industries(1)	Total commercial credit exposure in top 20 industries(1)	40,303		72,962		35,714		72,245		Total commercial credit exposure in top 20 industries(1)	37,836		73,219		37,735		74,917
All other industries	All other industries	935		10,260		1,289		12,451		All other industries	538		8,605		525		7,969
Total commercial credit exposure(2)	Total commercial credit exposure(2)	$	41,238	$	83,222	$	37,003	$	84,696	Total commercial credit exposure(2)	$	38,374	$	81,824	$	38,260	$	82,886

(1)Based on utilization at ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023.

(2)Excludes commercial credit exposures with affiliates.

~~112~~96


HSBC USA Inc.

Geographic Concentrations The following table reflects regional exposure at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 for our real estate secured loan portfolios, excluding loans held for sale:


		Commercial Real Estate, including Construction Loans		Residential Mortgages and Home Equity Mortgages			Commercial Real Estate, including Construction Loans		Residential Mortgages and Home Equity Mortgages
June 30, 2022
March 31, 2023						March 31, 2023
New York State	New York State	25.8	%	32.1	%	New York State	23.8	%	31.3	%
California	California	16.3		43.9		California	15.7		44.1
North Central United States	North Central United States	10.3		0.9		North Central United States	11.5		1.0
North Eastern United States, excluding New York State	North Eastern United States, excluding New York State	4.4		7.7		North Eastern United States, excluding New York State	4.5		7.8
Southern United States	Southern United States	35.9		9.9		Southern United States	37.2		10.2
Western United States, excluding California	Western United States, excluding California	7.3		5.5		Western United States, excluding California	7.3		5.6

Total	Total	100.0	%	100.0	%	Total	100.0	%	100.0	%
December 31, 2021
December 31, 2022						December 31, 2022
New York State	New York State	27.5	%	32.3	%	New York State	23.6	%	31.6	%
California	California	18.1		43.6		California	17.3		43.9
North Central United States	North Central United States	5.8		1.0		North Central United States	11.2		1.0
North Eastern United States, excluding New York State	North Eastern United States, excluding New York State	5.0		7.9		North Eastern United States, excluding New York State	4.4		7.8
Southern United States	Southern United States	34.7		9.8		Southern United States	36.3		10.1
Western United States, excluding California	Western United States, excluding California	8.9		5.4		Western United States, excluding California	7.2		5.6

Total	Total	100.0	%	100.0	%	Total	100.0	%	100.0	%

Residential Mortgage Loans Our consumer loan portfolio includes the following types of loans:

•Interest-only loans – A loan which allows a customer to pay the interest-only portion of the monthly payment for a period of time which results in lower payments during the initial loan period.

•ARM loans – A loan which allows us to adjust pricing on the loan in line with market movements.

The following table summarizes the balances of interest-only and ARM loans in our loan portfolios, excluding mortgages held for sale, at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. Each category is not mutually exclusive and loans may appear in more than one category below.


		June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(in millions)					(in millions)

Interest-only residential mortgage and home equity mortgage loans	Interest-only residential mortgage and home equity mortgage loans	$	3,992	$	3,739	Interest-only residential mortgage and home equity mortgage loans	$	4,101	$	4,063
ARM loans(1)	ARM loans(1)	12,452		11,852		ARM loans(1)	12,662		12,663

(1)During the remainder of ~~2022~~2023 and during ~~2023,~~2024, approximately ~~$135~~$292 million and ~~$485~~$459 million, respectively, of the ARM loans will experience their first interest rate reset.

The following table summarizes the concentrations of first and second liens within the outstanding residential mortgage and home equity mortgage portfolios, excluding mortgages held for sale, at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


		June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(in millions)					(in millions)
Closed end:	Closed end:					Closed end:
First lien	First lien	$	16,475	$	15,469	First lien	$	16,988	$	16,838
Second lien	Second lien	18		18		Second lien	16		16
Revolving(1)	Revolving(1)	333		307		Revolving(1)	346		354
Total	Total	$	16,826	$	15,794	Total	$	17,350	$	17,208

(1)A majority of revolving are second lien mortgages.

~~113~~97


HSBC USA Inc.

Credit Risks Associated with Derivative Contracts Credit risk associated with derivatives is measured as the net replacement cost of derivative contracts in a receivable position in the event the counterparties of such contracts fail to perform under the terms of those contracts. In managing derivative credit risk, both the current exposure, which is the replacement cost of contracts on the measurement date, as well as an estimate of the potential change in value of contracts over their remaining lives are considered. Counterparties to our derivative activities include financial institutions, central clearing parties, foreign and domestic government agencies, corporations, funds (mutual funds, hedge funds, etc.), insurance companies and private clients as well as other HSBC entities. These counterparties are subject to regular credit review by the credit risk management department. To minimize credit risk, we may enter into legally enforceable master netting agreements which reduce risk by permitting the closeout and netting of transactions with the same counterparty upon occurrence of certain events. In addition, we reduce credit risk by obtaining collateral from counterparties. The determination of the need for and the levels of collateral will differ based on an assessment of the credit risk of the counterparty and/or regulatory requirements.

The total risk in a derivative contract is a function of a number of variables, such as:

•volatility of interest rates, currencies, equity or corporate reference entity used as the basis for determining contract payments;

•current market events or trends;

•country risk;

•maturity and liquidity of contracts;

•creditworthiness of the counterparties in the transaction;

•the existence of a master netting agreement among the counterparties; and

•existence and value of collateral received from counterparties to secure exposures.

The table below presents total credit risk exposure calculated using the general risk-based capital rules of the Basel III Standardized Approach which includes the net positive mark-to-market of the derivative contracts plus any adjusted potential future exposure as measured in reference to the notional amount. The regulatory capital rules recognize that bilateral netting agreements reduce credit risk and, therefore, allow for reductions of risk-weighted assets when netting requirements have been met and collateral exists. As a result, risk-weighted amounts for regulatory capital purposes are a portion of the original gross exposures. Furthermore, many contracts contain provisions that allow us to close out the transaction if the counterparty fails to post required collateral. In addition, many contracts give us the right to break the transactions earlier than the final maturity date. As a result, these contracts have potential future exposures that are often much smaller than the future exposures derived from the regulatory capital rules.


		June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(in millions)					(in millions)
Risk associated with derivative contracts:	Risk associated with derivative contracts:					Risk associated with derivative contracts:
Total credit risk exposure	Total credit risk exposure	$	14,405	$	11,896	Total credit risk exposure	$	11,164	$	12,437
Less: collateral held against exposure	Less: collateral held against exposure	4,260		3,894		Less: collateral held against exposure	2,669		3,488
Net credit risk exposure	Net credit risk exposure	$	10,145	$	8,002	Net credit risk exposure	$	8,495	$	8,949

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Effective liquidity management is defined as ensuring we can meet customer loan requests, customer deposit maturities/withdrawals and other cash commitments efficiently under both normal operating conditions and under unpredictable circumstances of industry or market stress. To achieve this objective, we have guidelines that require sufficient liquidity to cover potential funding requirements in both the short- and long-term and to avoid over-dependence on volatile, less reliable funding markets. Guidelines are set for the consolidated balance sheet of HSBC USA to ensure that it is a source of strength for our regulated, deposit-taking banking subsidiary, as well as to address the more limited sources of liquidity available to it as a holding company. Similar guidelines are set for HSBC Bank USA to ensure that it can meet its liquidity needs in various stress scenarios. Cash flow analysis, including stress testing scenarios, forms the basis for liquidity management and contingency funding plans. See "Risk Management" in this MD&A for further discussion of our approach towards liquidity and funding risk management, including information regarding the key measures employed to define, monitor and control our liquidity and funding risk.

During the first quarter of 2023, two regional bank failures triggered turmoil throughout the banking industry as contagion fears spread. To date, we have not experienced any significant impact to our liquidity, deposits or funding capabilities as a result of this industry turmoil.


HSBC USA Inc.

Interest Bearing Deposits with Banks totaled ~~$42,538~~$23,167 million and ~~$47,400~~$17,744 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively, of which ~~$42,238~~$22,751 million and ~~$47,259~~$17,633 million, respectively, were held with the Federal Reserve Bank. Balances may fluctuate from period to period depending upon our liquidity position at the time and our strategy for deploying liquidity.

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Surplus interest bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve Bank may be deployed into securities purchased under agreements to resell or other investments depending on market conditions and the opportunity to maximize returns.

Federal Funds Sold and Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell totaled ~~$4,941~~$21,721 million and ~~$10,514~~$23,085 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. Balances may fluctuate from period to period depending upon our liquidity position at the time and our strategy for deploying liquidity.

Trading Assets includes securities totaling ~~$13,033~~$11,918 million and ~~$18,731~~$16,285 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. See "Balance Sheet Review" in this MD&A for further analysis and discussion on trends.

Securities includes securities available-for-sale and securities held-to-maturity totaling ~~$35,728~~$37,278 million and ~~$40,501~~$34,662 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. See "Balance Sheet Review" in this MD&A for further analysis and discussion on trends.

Short-Term Borrowings totaled ~~$5,898~~$6,822 million and ~~$6,338~~$5,945 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. See "Balance Sheet Review" in this MD&A for further analysis and discussion on short-term borrowing trends.

Deposits totaled ~~$127,263~~$122,168 million and ~~$143,032~~$123,223 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. See "Balance Sheet Review" in this MD&A for further analysis and discussion on deposit trends.

Long-Term Debt ~~decreased~~increased to ~~$16,026~~$19,517 million at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 from ~~$17,236~~$17,591 million at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. The following table presents the maturities of long-term debt at ~~June 30, 2022:~~March 31, 2023:


		(in millions)			(in millions)
2022		$	1,032
2023	2023	1,689		2023	$	1,817
2024	2024	3,128		2024	4,575
2025	2025	4,418		2025	6,241
2026	2026	510		2026	724
2027				2027	1,276
Thereafter	Thereafter	5,249		Thereafter	4,884
Total	Total	$	16,026	Total	$	19,517

The following table summarizes issuances and retirements of long-term debt during the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:


Six Months Ended June 30,		2022		2021
Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022
		(in millions)					(in millions)
Long-term debt issued	Long-term debt issued	$	2,845	$	5,317	Long-term debt issued	$	2,037	$	647
Long-term debt repaid	Long-term debt repaid	(1,884)		(6,154)		Long-term debt repaid	(603)		(1,241)
Net long-term debt issued (repaid)	Net long-term debt issued (repaid)	$	961	$	(837)	Net long-term debt issued (repaid)	$	1,434	$	(594)

See "Balance Sheet Review" in this MD&A for further analysis and discussion on long-term debt trends, including additional information on debt issued and repaid during the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023.

Under our shelf registration statement on file with the SEC, we may issue certain securities including debt securities and preferred stock. We satisfy the eligibility requirements for designation as a "well-known seasoned issuer," which allows us to file a registration statement that does not have a limit on issuance capacity. The ability to issue under the registration statement is limited by the authority granted by the Board of Directors. ~~During the first quarter of 2022, due to an anticipated decrease in utilization of the shelf registration statement, the Board of Directors approved a reduction in the amount~~At March 31, 2023, we ~~are~~were authorized to issue ~~from $20,000 million at December 31, 2021~~up to $15,000 million, of which ~~$6,669~~$3,957 million was ~~available at June 30, 2022.~~available. HSBC Bank USA has a $40,000 million Global Bank Note Program that provides for the issuance of subordinated and senior notes, of which ~~$11,981~~$11,973 million was available at ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023.

As a member of the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, we have secured borrowing facilities which are collateralized by loans and investment securities. At ~~June 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, long-term debt included $1,000 million of borrowings from the FHLB facility. Based upon the amounts pledged as collateral under these facilities, we have additional borrowing capacity of up to ~~$13,430~~$13,831 million.

Preferred Equity See Note 19, "Preferred Stock," in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K for information regarding all outstanding preferred share issues.

Common Equity During the ~~six months ended June 30, 2022,~~first quarter of 2023, HSBC USA did not receive any cash capital contributions from its parent, HSBC North America, and did not make any capital contributions to its subsidiary, HSBC Bank USA.

~~115~~99


HSBC USA Inc.

Capital Ratios In managing capital, we develop targets for common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, total capital to risk-weighted assets and Tier 1 capital to adjusted quarterly average assets (i.e., the "Tier 1 leverage ratio"). Capital targets are reviewed at least semi-annually to ensure they reflect our business mix and risk profile, as well as real-time conditions and circumstances. The following table summarizes HSBC USA's Basel III capital ratios calculated as of ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


		June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021			March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	Common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	15.0	%	15.1	%	Common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	13.8	%	13.5	%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	16.2		16.3		Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	14.1		13.8
Total capital to risk-weighted assets	Total capital to risk-weighted assets	18.4		18.5		Total capital to risk-weighted assets	16.4		16.1
Tier 1 leverage ratio(1)	Tier 1 leverage ratio(1)	9.8		8.5		Tier 1 leverage ratio(1)	8.6		8.5

(1)Adjusted quarterly average assets, the Tier 1 leverage ratio denominator, reflects quarterly average assets adjusted for amounts permitted to be deducted from Tier 1 capital.

We manage capital in accordance with HSBC Group policy. The HSBC North America Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process ("ICAAP") works in conjunction with the HSBC Group's ICAAP. The HSBC North America ICAAP applies to HSBC Bank USA and evaluates regulatory capital adequacy and capital adequacy under various stress scenarios. Our approach is to meet our capital needs for these stress scenarios locally through activities which reduce risk. To the extent that local alternatives are insufficient, as a wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC, we would seek support from our ultimate parent. Regulatory capital requirements are based on the amount of capital required to be held, plus applicable capital buffers, as defined by regulations, and the amount of risk-weighted assets and leverage exposure, also calculated based on regulatory definitions.

We are subject to regulatory capital rules issued by U.S. banking regulators including Basel III (the "Basel III rule"). The Basel III rule establishes minimum capital ratios and overall capital adequacy standards for banks and bank holding companies ("BHCs"). HSBC North America, HSBC USA and HSBC Bank USA each calculate their risk-based capital requirements for credit risk under the Standardized Approach in the Basel III rule. In 2019, the FRB and the other federal banking agencies jointly finalized rules to implement the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act that tailor the application of the enhanced prudential standards for large BHC and foreign banking organizations (the "Tailoring Rules"). The Tailoring Rules assign each BHC and IHC with $50 billion or more in total U.S. assets into one of five classifications (Categories I through IV, and 'other firms') based on its size and four risk-based indicators. ~~As of January 1, 2022, HSBC North America met~~Under the ~~criteria to be re-classified as a Category IV firm and, as a result of this classification change,~~Tailoring Rules, HSBC North America and HSBC Bank USA are ~~no longer subject to the supplementary leverage ratio or the countercyclical capital buffer. Prior to January 1, 2022, HSBC North America and HSBC Bank USA were~~ subject to Category ~~III~~IV standards. For additional discussion of the Basel III rule requirements, including required minimum capital ratios, as well as further discussion of the Tailoring Rules and Category IV standards ~~and other related regulatory developments and their expected impact~~ see Part I, "Regulation and Competition - Regulatory Capital and Liquidity Requirements," in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K. We continue to review the composition of our capital ~~structure and capital buffers in light of these developments.~~structure.

Capital Planning and Stress Testing The FRB requires certain U.S. top-tier BHCs and IHCs, including HSBC North America, to comply with the FRB's capital plan rule and CCAR program, as well as the supervisory stress tests conducted by the FRB. The stress tests are forward looking exercises to assess the impact of hypothetical macroeconomic baseline and severely adverse scenarios provided by the FRB on the financial condition and capital adequacy of a CCAR firm over a nine quarter planning horizon. As a ~~result of its re-classification as a~~ Category IV firm, HSBC North America is ~~no longer subject to company-run stress testing and related disclosure requirements. Category IV firms are~~ subject to supervisory stress testing on ~~an every-other-year~~a biennial basis, although ~~they~~it may ~~opt into~~opt-in to such testing in an "off year" in order to recalibrate ~~their~~its stress capital buffer based on ~~their~~its most recent supervisory stress test. The FRB continues to supervise Category IV firms on an ongoing basis, including evaluation of the capital adequacy and capital planning processes during off-cycle years. For further discussion of capital planning and stress testing, including detail regarding the FRB's supervisory assessment as part of the CCAR process, see Part I, "Regulation and Competition - Regulatory Capital and Liquidity Requirements," in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K.

HSBC North America submitted its ~~2022~~2023 CCAR capital plan in April ~~2022. In June 2022, the FRB~~2023. As discussed above, HSBC North America is subject to supervisory stress testing on a biennial basis and will not have results publicly disclosed ~~its supervisory stress test results for all CCAR firms, including HSBC North America. Stress testing results are based solely on~~

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~~hypothetical adverse stress scenarios and should not be viewed or interpreted as forecasts of expected outcomes or capital adequacy or of the actual financial condition of HSBC North America.~~in 2023. Capital planning and stress testing for HSBC North America may impact our future capital and liquidity.

While BHC regulatory capital compliance is generally performed at the HSBC North America level, and also separately for HSBC Bank USA, as a BHC we are required to meet minimum capital requirements imposed by the FRB. We present our capital ratios, together with HSBC Bank USA's in Note 16, "Retained Earnings and Regulatory Capital Requirements," in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

100

~~2022~~


HSBC USA Inc.

2023 Funding Strategy Our current estimate for funding needs and sources for ~~2022~~2023 are summarized in the following table:


		Actual January 1 through June 30, 2022		Estimated July 1 through December 31, 2022		Estimated Full Year 2022			Actual January 1 through March 31, 2023		Estimated April 1 through December 31, 2023		Estimated Full Year 2023
		(in billions)							(in billions)
Increase (decrease) in funding needs:	Increase (decrease) in funding needs:							Increase (decrease) in funding needs:
Net change in loans	Net change in loans	$	2	$	—	$	2	Net change in loans	$	—	$	4	$	4
Net change in short-term investments and securities	Net change in short-term investments and securities	(15)		(1)		(16)		Net change in short-term investments and securities	7		(3)		4
Net change in trading and other assets	Net change in trading and other assets	(5)		1		(4)		Net change in trading and other assets	(5)		3		(2)
Total funding needs	Total funding needs	$	(18)	$	—	$	(18)	Total funding needs	$	2	$	4	$	6
Increase (decrease) in funding sources:	Increase (decrease) in funding sources:							Increase (decrease) in funding sources:
Net change in deposits	Net change in deposits	$	(16)	$	2	$	(14)	Net change in deposits	$	(1)	$	5	$	4
Net change in trading and other short-term liabilities	Net change in trading and other short-term liabilities	(1)		(3)		(4)		Net change in trading and other short-term liabilities	1		(1)		—
Net change in long-term debt	Net change in long-term debt	(1)		1		—		Net change in long-term debt	2		—		2
Total funding sources	Total funding sources	$	(18)	$	—	$	(18)	Total funding sources	$	2	$	4	$	6

The above table reflects a long-term funding strategy. Daily balances fluctuate as we accommodate customer needs, while ensuring that we have liquidity in place to support the balance sheet maturity funding profile. Should market conditions deteriorate, we have contingency plans to generate additional liquidity through the sales of assets or financing transactions. We remain confident in our ability to access the market for long-term debt funding needs in the current market environment. We continue to seek well-priced and stable customer deposits. We also continue to sell new agency-eligible conforming residential mortgage loans to third parties.

HSBC Bank USA is subject to significant restrictions imposed by federal law on extensions of credit to, and certain other 'covered transactions' with HSBC USA and other affiliates. For further discussion, see Part I, "Regulation and Competition - Affiliate Transaction Restrictions," in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K.

See "Risk Management" in this MD&A for further discussion relating to our liquidity contingency plans and our approach to liquidity and funding risk management.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements As part of our normal operations, we enter into credit derivatives and various off-balance sheet arrangements with affiliates and third parties. These arrangements arise principally in connection with our lending and client intermediation activities and involve primarily commitments to extend credit and, in certain cases, guarantees.

Commitments to extend credit include arrangements whereby we are contractually obligated to extend credit in the form of loans, participations in loans or similar transactions. At ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, we had commitments to extend credit totaling ~~$90.3~~$88.6 billion and ~~$94.1~~$88.8 billion, respectively, comprised primarily of commercial commitments and, to a lesser extent, consumer commitments. Commercial commitments comprise primarily those related to secured and unsecured loans and lines of credit. Consumer commitments comprise unused MasterCard/Visa credit card lines, where we have the right to change terms or conditions upon notification to the customer, and commitments to extend credit secured by residential properties, where we have the right to change terms or conditions, for cause, upon notification to the customer. For a summary of guarantees, including standby letters of credit and certain credit derivative transactions, as well as the contractual amounts outstanding at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, see Note 18, "Guarantee Arrangements, Pledged Asset and Repurchase Agreements," in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

The contractual amounts of these financial instruments represent our maximum possible credit exposure in the event that a counterparty draws down the full commitment amount or we are required to fulfill our maximum obligation under a guarantee. Many of these commitments and guarantees expire unused or without default. ~~In addition, implementation of our business strategy (as described under the heading "Executive Overview - 2021 Events" in our 2021 Form 10-K) will affect our~~

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~~contractual obligations over time, including with respect to consumer commitments.~~ As a result, we believe that the contractual amount is not representative of the actual future credit exposure or funding requirements.

Our off-balance sheet arrangements also include transactions with unconsolidated variable interest entities ("VIEs"). See Note 17, "Variable Interest Entities," in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a summary of these unconsolidated VIEs.

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Fair Value

Fair Value Hierarchy Fair value measurement accounting principles establish a fair value hierarchy structure that prioritizes the inputs to determine the fair value of an asset or liability (the "Fair Value Framework"). The Fair Value Framework distinguishes between inputs that are based on observed market data and unobservable inputs that reflect market participants' assumptions. It emphasizes the use of valuation methodologies that maximize observable market inputs. For financial instruments carried at fair value, the best evidence of fair value is a quoted price in an actively traded market (Level 1). Where the market for a financial instrument is not active, valuation techniques are used. The majority of our valuation techniques use market inputs that are either observable or indirectly derived from and corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the financial instrument (Level 2). Because Level 1 and Level 2 instruments are determined by observable inputs, less judgment is applied in determining their fair values. In the absence of observable market inputs, the financial instrument is valued based on valuation techniques that feature one or more significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). The determination of the level of fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement of an asset or a liability is classified often requires judgment and may change over time as market conditions evolve. We consider the following factors in developing the fair value hierarchy:

•whether the asset or liability is transacted in an active market with a quoted market price;

•the level of bid-ask spreads;

•a lack of pricing transparency due to, among other things, complexity of the product and market liquidity;

•whether only a few transactions are observed over a significant period of time;

•whether the pricing quotations differ substantially among independent pricing services;

•whether inputs to the valuation techniques can be derived from or corroborated with market data; and

•whether significant adjustments are made to the observed pricing information or model output to determine the fair value.

Level 1 inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that the reporting entity has the ability to access for identical assets or liabilities. A financial instrument is classified as a Level 1 measurement if it is listed on an exchange or is an instrument actively traded in the over-the-counter ("OTC") market where transactions occur with sufficient frequency and volume. We regard financial instruments such as debt securities, equity securities and derivative contracts listed on the primary exchanges of a country to be actively traded. Non-exchange-traded instruments classified as Level 1 assets include securities issued by the U.S. Treasury, to-be-announced securities, non-callable securities issued by U.S. Government sponsored enterprises and certain foreign government-backed debt.

Level 2 inputs are those that are observable either directly or indirectly but do not qualify as Level 1 inputs. We classify mortgage pass-through securities, agency and certain non-agency mortgage collateralized obligations, non-exchange-traded derivative contracts, asset-backed securities, obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions, corporate debt securities, certain foreign government-backed debt, preferred securities, securities purchased and sold under resale and repurchase agreements, precious metals, certain loans held for sale, certain student loans, residential mortgage loans whose carrying amount was reduced based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, ~~and~~ real estate owned and, at December 31, 2022, a client share repurchase transaction as Level 2 measurements. Where possible, at least two quotations from independent sources are obtained based on transactions involving comparable assets and liabilities to validate the fair value of these instruments. We have established a process to understand the methodologies and inputs used by the third party pricing services to ensure that pricing information meets the fair value objective and, where appropriate, this pricing data is back-tested to market trade executions. Where significant differences arise among the independent pricing quotes and the internally determined fair value, we investigate and reconcile the differences. If the investigation results in a significant adjustment to the fair value, the instrument will be classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. In general, we have observed that there is a correlation between the credit standing and the market liquidity of a non-derivative instrument.

Level 2 derivative instruments are generally valued based on discounted future cash flows or an option pricing model adjusted for counterparty credit risk and market liquidity. The fair value of certain derivative products is determined using valuation techniques based on inputs derived from observable indices traded in the OTC market. Appropriate control processes and

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procedures have been applied to ensure that the derived inputs are applied to value only those instruments that share similar risks to the relevant benchmark indices and therefore demonstrate a similar response to market factors.

Level 3 inputs are unobservable estimates that management expects market participants would use to determine the fair value of the asset or liability. That is, Level 3 inputs incorporate market participants' assumptions about risk and the risk premium required by market participants in order to bear that risk. We develop Level 3 inputs based on the best information available in the circumstances. At ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, our Level 3 measurements included the following: certain structured deposits and structured notes for which the embedded derivatives have significant unobservable inputs (e.g.,

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volatility or default correlations), certain asset-backed securities, individually assessed commercial loans, mortgage servicing rights, derivatives with certain inputs which are unobservable, certain credit default swaps, certain loans held for sale and swap agreements entered into in conjunction with the sales of Visa Class B Shares for which the fair value is dependent upon the final resolution of the related litigation. See Note 19, "Fair Value Measurements," in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information on Level 3 inputs.

Level 3 Measurements The following table provides information about Level 3 assets/liabilities in relation to total assets/liabilities measured at fair value at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


		June 30, 2022			December 31, 2021				March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
		(dollars are in millions)							(dollars are in millions)
Level 3 assets(1)(2)	Level 3 assets(1)(2)	$	369		$	2,356		Level 3 assets(1)(2)	$	414		$	322
Total assets measured at fair value(1)(3)	Total assets measured at fair value(1)(3)	69,742			76,713			Total assets measured at fair value(1)(3)	59,848			68,441
Level 3 liabilities(1)	Level 3 liabilities(1)	3,023			2,598			Level 3 liabilities(1)	2,888			3,365
Total liabilities measured at fair value(1)	Total liabilities measured at fair value(1)	30,878			28,125			Total liabilities measured at fair value(1)	26,633			30,414
Level 3 assets as a percent of total assets measured at fair value	Level 3 assets as a percent of total assets measured at fair value	0.5		%	3.1		%	Level 3 assets as a percent of total assets measured at fair value	0.7		%	0.5		%
Level 3 liabilities as a percent of total liabilities measured at fair value	Level 3 liabilities as a percent of total liabilities measured at fair value	9.8		%	9.2		%	Level 3 liabilities as a percent of total liabilities measured at fair value	10.8		%	11.1		%

(1)Presented without netting which allows the offsetting of amounts relating to certain contracts if certain conditions are met.

(2)Includes ~~$231~~$291 million of recurring Level 3 assets and ~~$138~~$123 million of non-recurring Level 3 assets at ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. Includes ~~$355~~$270 million of recurring Level 3 assets and ~~$2,001~~$52 million of non-recurring Level 3 assets at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

(3)Includes ~~$69,478~~$59,568 million of assets measured on a recurring basis and ~~$264~~$280 million of assets measured on a non-recurring basis at ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. Includes ~~$74,511~~$68,276 million of assets measured on a recurring basis and ~~$2,202~~$165 million of assets measured on a non-recurring basis at December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Significant Changes in Fair Value for Level 3 Assets and Liabilities During the first quarter of 2022, we sold certain loans which were transferred to held for sale during 2021 and were Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. See Note 8, "Loans Held for Sale," in the accompany consolidated financial statements for additional information.

See Note 19, "Fair Value Measurements," in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for information on additions to and transfers into (out of) Level 3 measurements during the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022 ~~and 2021~~ as well as for further details including the classification hierarchy associated with assets and liabilities measured at fair value.

Effect of Changes in Significant Unobservable Inputs The fair value of certain financial instruments is measured using valuation techniques that incorporate pricing assumptions not supported by, derived from or corroborated by observable market data. The resultant fair value measurements are dependent on unobservable input parameters which can be selected from a range of estimates and may be interdependent. Changes in one or more of the significant unobservable input parameters may change the fair value measurements of these financial instruments. For the purpose of preparing the financial statements, the final valuation inputs selected are based on management's best judgment that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing similar assets or liabilities.

The unobservable input parameters selected are subject to the internal valuation control processes and procedures. When we perform a test of all the significant input parameters to the extreme values within the range at the same time, it could result in an increase of the overall fair value measurement of approximately ~~$22~~$24 million or a decrease of the overall fair value measurement of approximately ~~$24~~$60 million at ~~June 30, 2022.~~March 31, 2023. The effect of changes in significant unobservable input parameters are primarily driven by the uncertainty in determining the fair value of certain credit-linked structured ~~notes.~~notes and swap agreements entered into in conjunction with the sales of Visa Class B Shares.

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Risk Management

Overview ~~Managing~~The primary role of risk ~~effectively~~management is ~~fundamental~~ to protect our customers, business, colleagues and the ~~delivery of~~communities that we serve, while ensuring we are able to support our ~~strategic priorities.~~strategy and provide sustainable growth.

We aim to use a comprehensive risk management ~~framework~~approach across the organization and across all risk types underpinned by our culture and values. This is outlined in our risk ~~culture.~~management framework, including the key principles and practices that we employ in managing material risks, both financial and non-financial. This framework fosters continuous monitoring, promotes risk awareness, and encourages sound operational and strategic ~~decision-making.~~decision-making and escalation processes. It also ~~ensures~~supports a consistent approach to identifying, assessing, managing, and reporting the risks we accept and incur in our ~~activities.~~activities, with clear accountabilities.

Our Board of Directors has the ultimate responsibility for the effective oversight of risk ~~management.~~management and approves our risk appetite. It is advised on risk matters by the Risk Committee of the Board of Directors, notably risk appetite and its alignment with our strategy, risk governance and internal controls, as well as high-level risk related matters. ~~Robust~~ We use a defined executive

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risk governance structure to help ensure there is appropriate oversight and accountability ~~are~~ embedded throughout our business ~~through an established framework that helps to ensure appropriate oversight of and accountability~~ for the effective management of risk.

Our material risks The principal risks associated with our operations include the following:

•Credit risk is the risk of financial loss if a customer or counterparty fails to meet an obligation under a contract;

•Treasury risk is the risk of having insufficient capital, liquidity or funding resources to meet financial obligations and satisfy regulatory requirements, including ~~pension risk. Treasury risk also includes~~ the risk ~~to our~~of an adverse impact on earnings due to changes in market interest ~~rates;~~rates, together with pension risk;

•Market risk is the risk ~~that movements~~of an adverse financial impact on trading activities arising from changes in market ~~factors,~~parameters such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, ~~interest rates,~~asset prices, volatilities, correlations and credit ~~spreads, equity prices~~spreads;

•Climate risk relates to the financial and ~~commodity prices, will reduce our income or~~non-financial impacts that may arise as a result of climate change and the ~~value of our portfolios;~~move to a greener economy;

•Resilience risk is the risk that we are unable to provide critical services to our customers, affiliates and counterparties as a result of sustained and significant operational disruption;

•Regulatory compliance risk is the risk ~~that we fail~~associated with breaching our duty to ~~observe the letter~~clients and ~~spirit of relevant laws, codes, rules, regulations~~other counterparties, inappropriate market conduct and ~~standards of good market practice, which as a consequence incur fines and penalties and suffer damage to our business;~~breaching related financial services regulatory standards;

•Financial crime risk is the risk ~~that we~~of knowingly or unknowingly ~~help~~helping parties to commit or to further potentially illegal activity, including money laundering, fraud, bribery and corruption, tax evasion, sanctions breaches, and terrorist and proliferation financing;

•Strategic risk is the risk that the business will fail to identify, execute and react appropriately to opportunities and/or threats arising from changes in the market, some of which may emerge over a number of years such as changing economic and political circumstances, customer requirements, demographic trends, regulatory developments or competitor action; and

•Model risk is the ~~potential for adverse consequences from~~risk of inappropriate or incorrect business decisions ~~informed by~~arising from the use of models ~~which can be exacerbated by errors~~that have been inadequately designed, implemented or used, or from models that do not perform in ~~methodology, design or the way they are used.~~line with expectations and predictions.

In the course of our regular risk management activities, we use models to help quantify the risk we are taking. We believe that the assumptions used in these models are reasonable within the parameters for which the models have been built and calibrated to operate, but events may unfold differently than what is assumed in the models. Consequently, actual results may differ significantly from model projections. The severe projections of macroeconomic variables during the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent recovery represent events outside the parameters for which the models have been built. As a result, adjustmentsAdjustments to model outputs to reflect consideration of management judgment are used with stringent governance in place to ensure appropriate results. Where models do not require adjustments, enhanced model monitoring confirms models are performing as intended.

See "Risk Management" in MD&A in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K for a more complete discussion of the objectives of our risk management system as well as our risk management policies and practices. There have been no material changes to our approach to risk management since December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

Credit Risk Management Credit risk is managed through a robust risk identification and control framework which outlines clear and consistent policies, principles and guidance for risk managers. Credit risk is monitored using various internal risk management measures and within limits approved by individuals within a framework of delegated authorities. Our credit risk management procedures are designed for all stages of economic and financial cycles, including challenging periods of market volatility and economic uncertainty. During the first ~~half~~quarter of ~~2022, the impacts of the Russia-Ukraine war and the COVID-19 pandemic continued to create significant uncertainty about~~2023, the future economic ~~environment. While our credit risk exposure to Russia was immaterial at June 30, 2022, the impact of the war on general~~environment remained uncertain amidst high inflation, rising interest rates and slowing economic ~~conditions, especially inflation, will continue to evolve and, therefore, the impact on our customers remains uncertain.~~growth. We continue to monitor the performance of

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our material commercial loans as conditions evolve and take necessary credit actions where warranted. See "Risk Management" in MD&A in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K for a more complete discussion of our approach to credit risk.

Treasury Risk Management We continuously monitor our capital ratios and the impact of market events on our liquidity positions and will continue to adapt our frameworks as necessary to reflect market events and the evolving regulatory landscape and view as to best practices. See "Risk Management" in MD&A in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K for a more complete discussion of our approach to treasury risk.

Capital risk See "Liquidity and Capital Resources" in this MD&A for a discussion of our approach to capital risk management, including our capital ratios and regulatory capital requirements.

Liquidity and funding risk As part of our approach towards liquidity and funding risk management, we employ the measures discussed below to define, monitor and control our liquidity and funding risk in accordance with HSBC policy.

~~As of January 1, 2022, HSBC North America met the criteria to be re-classified as a Category IV firm and, as a result of this classification change,~~ HSBC North America and HSBC Bank USA are subject to ~~a further reduced~~the U.S. liquidity coverage ratio ("LCR") and net stable funding ratio ("NSFR") requirement of 70 percent so long as HSBC North America's weighted short-term wholesale funding equals or exceeds $50 billion. HSBC North America and HSBC Bank USA elected to report subject to the reduced U.S. LCR and NSFR requirement of 70 percent beginning April 1, 2022, whereas they were previously subject to the requirement of 85 percent applicable under Category III standards.

~~The United Kingdom ("U.K.") Prudential Regulatory Authority ("PRA") based LCR~~rule, which is designed to be a short-term liquidity measure to ensure banks have sufficient High Quality Liquid Assets ("HQLA") to cover net stressed cash outflows over the next 30 days. At both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, HSBC USA's LCR exceeded 100 percent. A LCR of 100 percent or higher reflects an unencumbered HQLA balance that is equal to or exceeds liquidity needs for a 30 calendar day liquidity stress scenario. HQLA consists of cash or assets that can be converted into cash at little or no loss of value in private markets. HSBC North America and HSBC Bank USA are also subject to the U.S. LCR ruledays, and are required to report their LCR to U.S. regulators on a daily basis. During the three

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months ended March 31, 2023, HSBC Bank USA's LCR remained above 100 percent. Under the Tailoring Rules, a 70 percent LCR requirement applies to Category IV firms with weighted short-term wholesale funding that equals or exceeds $50 billion and their depository institution subsidiaries. As a result, ~~under the U.S. LCR rule,~~ a LCR of 100 percent or higher reflects an unencumbered HQLA balance that is equal to or exceeds 70 percent of a Category IV firm's liquidity needs for a 30 calendar day liquidity stress scenario. ~~During the six months ended June 30, 2022,~~HQLA consists of cash or assets that can be converted into cash at little or no loss of value in private markets.

HSBC North America and HSBC Bank ~~USA's LCR under~~USA are also subject to the U.S. ~~LCR~~net stable funding ratio ("NSFR") rule, ~~remained above the 100 percent minimum requirement.~~

~~The U.K. PRA based NSFR,~~ which is a longer term liquidity measure with a 12-month time horizon to ensure a sustainable maturity structure of assets and ~~liabilities, took effect on January 1, 2022.~~liabilities. At both ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, HSBC Bank USA's NSFR exceeded 100 percent. The ratio at December 31, 2021 was estimated based on our interpretation and understanding of the Basel Committee NSFR guidance at that time. A NSFR of 100 percent or more reflects an available stable funding balance from liabilities and capital over the next 12 months that is equal to or exceeds the required amount of funding for assets and off-balance sheet exposures. HSBC North America and HSBC Bank USA are also subject to the U.S. NSFR rule. Under the Tailoring Rules, a 70 percent NSFR requirement applies to Category IV firms with weighted short-term wholesale funding that equals or exceeds $50 billion and their depository institution subsidiaries. As a result, ~~under the U.S. NSFR rule,~~ a NSFR of 100 percent or more reflects an available stable funding balance from liabilities and capital over the next 12 months that is equal to or exceeds 70 percent of a Category IV firm's required amount of funding for assets and off-balance sheet exposures. AtIn addition, under the U.K. Prudential Regulatory Authority ("PRA") based NSFR rule, HSBC USA's NSFR exceeded 100 percent at both ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021, HSBC Bank USA's NSFR under~~2022. Under the ~~U.S.~~U.K. PRA NSFR rule, ~~exceeded~~a NSFR of 100 ~~percent.~~percent or more reflects an available stable funding balance from liabilities and capital over the next 12 months that is equal to or exceeds the required amount of funding for assets and off-balance sheet exposures.

As a Category IV firm, HSBC North America remains subject to liquidity stress testing and related liquidity buffer and liquidity risk management requirements. HSBC North America and HSBC Bank USA have liquidity profiles to support compliance with these rules and may need to make changes to their liquidity profiles to support compliance with any future rules.

Our liquidity and funding risk management approach includes deposits, supplemented by wholesale borrowing to fund our balance sheet, and using security sales or secured borrowings for liquidity stress situations in our liquidity contingency plans. In addition, regulations require banks to retain a portfolio of HQLA. As such, we are maintaining a large portfolio of high quality sovereign and sovereign guaranteed securities.

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Our ability to regularly attract wholesale funds at a competitive cost is enhanced by strong ratings from the major credit ~~ratings~~rating agencies. The following table reflects the short and long-term credit ratings of HSBC USA and HSBC Bank USA at ~~June 30, 2022:~~March 31, 2023:


	Moody's	S&P	Fitch
HSBC USA:
Short-term borrowings	P-1	A-2	F1+
Long-term/senior debt	A1	A-	A+
HSBC Bank USA:
Short-term borrowings	P-1	A-1	F1+
Long-term/senior debt	Aa3	A+	AA-

Rating agencies continue to evaluate economic and geopolitical trends, regulatory developments, future profitability, risk management practices and legal matters, all of which could lead to adverse ratings actions.

Although we closely monitor and strive to manage factors influencing our credit ratings, there is no assurance that our credit ratings will not change in the future. At ~~June 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, none of the ratings on the debt of HSBC USA or HSBC Bank USA from any of the rating agencies were under review for potential downgrade.

See "Liquidity and Capital Resources" in this MD&A for further discussion of our liquidity position, including additional information regarding our outstanding borrowings, the remaining availability of our debt issuance programs and our funding strategy.

Interest rate risk Various techniques are utilized to quantify and monitor risks associated with the repricing characteristics of our assets, liabilities and derivative contracts. See "Risk Management" in MD&A in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K for a more complete discussion of our approach to interest rate risk.

Economic value of equity ("EVE") EVE represents the present value of the banking book cash flows that could be provided to our equity holder under a managed run-off scenario. An EVE sensitivity represents the change in EVE due to a defined movement in interest rates. We manage to an immediate parallel upward shock of 200 basis points and an immediate parallel downward shock of 200 basis points to the market implied interest rates. At both ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, our EVE remained within risk limits for the up 200 and down 200 basis point interest rate shock scenarios.

Net interest income simulation modeling techniques We utilize simulation modeling to monitor a number of interest rate scenarios for their impact on projected net interest income. These techniques simulate the impact on projected net interest income under various scenarios, such as rate shock scenarios which assume immediate market rate movements by 100 basis

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points, as well as scenarios in which rates gradually rise or fall by 100 basis points over a twelve month period. In the gradual scenarios, 25 percent of the interest rate movement occurs at the beginning of each quarter. The following table reflects the impact on our projected net interest income of the scenarios utilized by these modeling techniques:


		June 30, 2022				December 31, 2021					March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
		Amount		%		Amount		%			Amount		%		Amount		%
		(dollars are in millions)									(dollars are in millions)
Estimated increase (decrease) in projected net interest income (reflects projected rate movements on July 1, 2022 and January 1, 2022, respectively):
Estimated increase (decrease) in projected net interest income (reflects projected rate movements on April 1, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively):										Estimated increase (decrease) in projected net interest income (reflects projected rate movements on April 1, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively):
Resulting from a gradual 100 basis point increase in the yield curve	Resulting from a gradual 100 basis point increase in the yield curve	$	198	6	%	$	225	9	%	Resulting from a gradual 100 basis point increase in the yield curve	$	41	1	%	$	34	1	%
Resulting from a gradual 100 basis point decrease in the yield curve	Resulting from a gradual 100 basis point decrease in the yield curve	(203)		(6)		(130)		(5)		Resulting from a gradual 100 basis point decrease in the yield curve	(54)		(2)		(43)		(2)
Other significant scenarios monitored (reflects projected rate movements on July 1, 2022 and January 1, 2022, respectively):
Other significant scenarios monitored (reflects projected rate movements on April 1, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively):										Other significant scenarios monitored (reflects projected rate movements on April 1, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively):
Resulting from an immediate 100 basis point increase in the yield curve	Resulting from an immediate 100 basis point increase in the yield curve	339		11		308		13		Resulting from an immediate 100 basis point increase in the yield curve	75		3		66		2
Resulting from an immediate 100 basis point decrease in the yield curve	Resulting from an immediate 100 basis point decrease in the yield curve	(337)		(11)		(334)		(14)		Resulting from an immediate 100 basis point decrease in the yield curve	(70)		(2)		(60)		(2)

The projections do not take into consideration possible complicating factors such as the effect of changes in interest rates on the credit quality, size and composition of the balance sheet. Therefore, although this provides a reasonable estimate of interest rate sensitivity, actual results will differ from these estimates, possibly by significant amounts.

Non-trading value at risk ("VaR") Non-trading VaR predominantly relates to Markets Treasury and represents the potential negative changes in the investment portfolio market value (which includes available-for-sale and held-to-maturity assets) and associated hedges. Our investment portfolio holdings comprise mainly U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agency mortgage-backed and U.S. Government sponsored mortgage-backed securities. Our non-trading VaR exposure is driven by interest rates and agency spread volatility. Refer to "Market Risk Management" below for further discussion regarding VaR and the management of market risk in our non-trading portfolios.

The following table summarizes our non-trading VaR for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and at December 31, 2022:


	Credit Spread		Interest Rate		Portfolio Diversification(1)		Total(2)
	(in millions)
At March 31, 2023	$	60	$	67	$	(38)	$	89

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Average	55		58		(38)		75
Maximum	60		70				96
Minimum	51		50				61

At December 31, 2022	$	51	$	65	$	(34)	$	82

(1) Refer to the Trading VaR table in "Market Risk Management" below for additional information.

Market Risk Management Exposure to market risk is separated into two portfolios:

•Trading portfolios comprise positions arising from market-making and warehousing of client-derived positions.

•Non-trading portfolios comprise positions that primarily arise from the interest rate management of our retail and commercial banking assets and liabilities and financial investments classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity.

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We apply similar risk management policies and measurement techniques to both trading and non-trading portfolios. Our objective is to manage and control market risk exposures to optimize return on risk while maintaining a market profile consistent with our established risk appetite. See "Risk Management" in MD&A in our ~~2021~~2022 Form 10-K for a more complete discussion of our approach to market risk.

Value at risk ("VaR") VaR is a technique for estimating potential losses on risk positions as a result of movements in market rates and prices over a specified time horizon and to a given level of confidence. The use of VaR is integrated into market risk management and calculated for all trading positions regardless of how we capitalize them. In addition, we calculate VaR for non-trading portfolios to have a complete picture of risk. VaR measures are calculated to a 99 percent confidence level and use a one-day holding period.

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Trading ~~portfolios~~VaR Trading VaR ~~generates primarily~~is generated principally from trading activities within the MSS segment of GBM. ~~Portfolios comprise mainly~~These include positions in foreign exchange, ~~products,~~ precious metals (i.e., gold, silver, platinum) and credit default swaps.

The following graph summarizes daily VaR for our trading portfolios at a 99 percent confidence level (in millions):

The following table summarizes our trading VaR for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and at December 31, ~~2021:~~2022:


		Credit Spread		Foreign Exchange and Commodity		Interest Rate		Portfolio Diversification(1)		Total(2)			Credit Spread		Foreign Exchange and Commodity		Interest Rate		Portfolio Diversification(1)		Total(2)
		(in millions)											(in millions)
At June 30, 2022		$	1	$	2	$	2	$	(2)	$	3
At March 31, 2023												At March 31, 2023	$	—	$	5	$	4	$	(3)	$	6

Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023												Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Average	Average	1		4		3		(3)		5		Average	—		4		4		(3)		5
Maximum	Maximum	7		9		6				9		Maximum	1		6		6				8
Minimum	Minimum	—		1		2				2		Minimum	—		1		3				3

At December 31, 2021		$	5	$	3	$	5	$	(4)	$	9
At December 31, 2022												At December 31, 2022	$	—	$	4	$	6	$	(2)	$	8

(1)Portfolio diversification is the market risk dispersion effect of holding a portfolio containing different risk types. It represents the reduction in unsystematic market risk that occurs when combining a number of different risk types, for example, foreign exchange, interest rate and credit spread, together in one portfolio. It is measured as the difference between the sum of the VaR by individual risk type and the combined total VaR. A negative number represents the benefit of portfolio diversification. As the maximum and minimum occur on different days for different risk types, it is not meaningful to calculate a portfolio diversification benefit for these measures.

(2)The total VaR is non-additive across risk types due to diversification effects. For presentation purposes, portfolio diversification of the VaR for trading portfolios includes VaR-based risk-not-in-VaR.

Refer to "Treasury Risk Management" above for disclosure of our non-trading VaR.

Back-testing We routinely validate the accuracy of our VaR models by back-testing them against hypothetical profit and loss that excludes non-modeled items such as fees, commissions and revenues of intra-day transactions from the actual reported profit and loss. We would expect, under stable market conditions, to ~~see~~experience two or three losses in excess of VaR at the 99 percent confidence level over a one-year period. However, in periods of unstable market conditions, we could see an increase in the number of back-testing exceptions.

During the ~~three months ended June 30, 2022,~~first quarter of 2023, we experienced ~~six~~no loss back-testing exceptions due primarily to significant increases in market volatility in the second quarter of 2022. These loss exceptions were driven by substantial market volatility in interest rates and metals arising from inflationary pressures, changes in the FRB's stance on interest rate hikes and geopolitical conditions.

Performance of the VaR model was in line with expectations given observed market movements. During the period, market risk exposures and actual reported losses remained within the entity's risk limits.

~~123~~


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

~~Non-trading portfolios~~ Non-trading VaR predominantly relates to Markets Treasury and represents the potential negative changes in the investment portfolio market value (which includes available-for-sale and held-to-maturity assets) and associated hedges. Our investment portfolio holdings comprise mainly U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agency mortgage-backed and U.S. Government sponsored mortgage-backed securities. Our non-trading VaR exposure is driven by interest rates and agency spread volatility.

~~The following table summarizes our non-trading VaR for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and at December 31, 2021:~~

Credit Spread Interest Rate
Portfolio Diversification(1)
Total(2)
(in millions)
At June 30, 2022 $ 48 $ 45 $ (27) $ 66
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Average 55 64 (35) 84
Maximum 75 116 127
Minimum 47 41 64
At December 31, 2021 $ 62 $ 84 $ (34) $ 112

~~(1)~~ ~~Refer to the Trading VaR table above for additional information.~~

Non-trading VaR also includes the interest rate risk of non-trading financial assets and liabilities held by the global businesses and transfer priced into Markets Treasury which has the mandate to centrally manage and hedge it. See "Treasury Risk Management" above for a broader discussion on how interest rate risk is managed.exceptions.

~~124~~107


HSBC USA Inc.

CONSOLIDATED AVERAGE BALANCES AND INTEREST RATES

The following table summarizes the quarter-to-date ~~and year-to-date~~ average daily balances of the principal components of assets, liabilities and equity together with their respective interest amounts and rates earned or paid. Net interest margin is calculated by dividing net interest income by the average interest earning assets from which interest income is earned. Loan interest for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022 included fees of $9$7 million and ~~$22~~$13 million, ~~respectively, compared with fees of $28 million and $48 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021,~~ respectively.


Three Months Ended June 30,		2022						2021

Three Months Ended March 31,															Three Months Ended March 31,	2023						2022

		Average Balance		Interest		Rate		Average Balance		Interest		Rate				Average Balance		Interest		Rate		Average Balance		Interest		Rate
		(dollars are in millions)												(dollars are in millions)
Assets:	Assets:														Assets:
Interest bearing deposits with banks	Interest bearing deposits with banks	$	45,655	$	97	.85	%	$	53,780	$	15	.11	%		Interest bearing deposits with banks	$	34,325	$	269	3.18	%	$	52,435	$	25	.19	%
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	2,997		13		1.74		4,204		2		.19			Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	9,326		141		6.13		2,766		2		.29
Trading securities	Trading securities	13,006		55		1.70		20,594		54		1.05			Trading securities	12,752		49		1.56		16,063		63		1.59
Securities	Securities	36,918		169		1.84		40,992		160		1.57			Securities	35,153		323		3.73		39,957		141		1.43
Loans:	Loans:														Loans:
Commercial	Commercial	44,028		309		2.82		40,587		275		2.72			Commercial	42,494		657		6.27		41,273		238		2.34
Consumer:	Consumer:														Consumer:
Residential mortgages	Residential mortgages	16,378		118		2.89		18,563		135		2.92			Residential mortgages	16,889		134		3.22		17,735		126		2.88
Home equity mortgages	Home equity mortgages	354		3		3.40		676		4		2.37			Home equity mortgages	365		6		6.67		502		3		2.42
Credit cards	Credit cards	213		4		7.53		896		21		9.40			Credit cards	199		4		8.15		287		6		8.48

Other consumer	Other consumer	153		3		7.86		288		6		8.36			Other consumer	136		2		5.96		211		3		5.77
Total consumer	Total consumer	17,098		128		3.00		20,423		166		3.26			Total consumer	17,589		146		3.37		18,735		138		2.99
Total loans	Total loans	61,126		437		2.87		61,010		441		2.90			Total loans	60,083		803		5.42		60,008		376		2.54
Other	Other	2,414		12		1.99		2,671		4		.60			Other	1,968		19		3.92		2,214		5		.92
Total interest earning assets	Total interest earning assets	$	162,116	$	783	1.94	%	$	183,251	$	676	1.48	%		Total interest earning assets	$	153,607	$	1,604	4.23	%	$	173,443	$	612	1.43	%
Allowance for credit losses	Allowance for credit losses	(467)						(799)							Allowance for credit losses	(588)						(449)
Cash and due from banks	Cash and due from banks	961						1,232							Cash and due from banks	942						952
Other assets	Other assets	11,055						12,811							Other assets	12,288						9,915

Total assets	Total assets	$	173,665					$	196,495						Total assets	$	166,249					$	183,861
Liabilities and Equity:	Liabilities and Equity:														Liabilities and Equity:
Domestic deposits:	Domestic deposits:														Domestic deposits:
Savings deposits	Savings deposits	$	56,278	$	40	.29	%	$	67,091	$	28	.17	%		Savings deposits	$	49,307	$	262	2.15	%	$	60,696	$	21	.14	%
Time deposits	Time deposits	9,653		45		1.87		12,962		24		.74			Time deposits	16,185		215		5.39		8,671		19		.89
Other interest bearing deposits	Other interest bearing deposits	20,787		45		.87		21,424		14		.26			Other interest bearing deposits	20,411		233		4.63		19,828		15		.31
Foreign deposits	Foreign deposits	6,387		5		.31		6,176		1		.03			Foreign deposits	6,082		46		3.07		5,985		1		.07
Deposits held for sale	Deposits held for sale	—		—		—		2,773		2		.23			Deposits held for sale	—		—		—		3,939		2		.21
Total interest bearing deposits	Total interest bearing deposits	93,105		135		.58		110,426		69		.25			Total interest bearing deposits	91,985		756		3.33		99,119		58		.24
Short-term borrowings:	Short-term borrowings:														Short-term borrowings:
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	Securities sold under repurchase agreements	1,910		8		1.68		983		—		.15			Securities sold under repurchase agreements	425		38		36.26		2,577		1		.16
Commercial paper	Commercial paper	4,242		12		1.13		3,005		3		.40			Commercial paper	5,304		61		4.66		3,711		4		.44
Other short-term borrowings	Other short-term borrowings	294		1		1.36		254		1		1.58			Other short-term borrowings	391		1		1.04		254		—		.00
Total short-term borrowings	Total short-term borrowings	6,446		21		1.31		4,242		4		.38			Total short-term borrowings	6,120		100		6.63		6,542		5		.31
Long-term debt	Long-term debt	15,684		89		2.28		19,031		78		1.64			Long-term debt	18,301		256		5.67		16,450		68		1.68
Total interest bearing debt	Total interest bearing debt	115,235		245		.85		133,699		151		.45			Total interest bearing debt	116,406		1,112		3.87		122,111		131		.44
Tax liabilities and other	Tax liabilities and other	953		6		2.53		858		2		.93			Tax liabilities and other	930		9		3.92		1,057		4		1.53
Total interest bearing liabilities	Total interest bearing liabilities	$	116,188	$	251	.87	%	$	134,557	$	153	.46	%		Total interest bearing liabilities	$	117,336	$	1,121	3.87	%	$	123,168	$	135	.44	%
Net interest income/Interest rate spread	Net interest income/Interest rate spread			$	532	1.07	%			$	523	1.02	%		Net interest income/Interest rate spread			$	483	.36	%			$	477	.99	%
Noninterest bearing deposits	Noninterest bearing deposits	36,164						38,128							Noninterest bearing deposits	30,254						39,811
Other liabilities	Other liabilities	5,516						5,735							Other liabilities	6,303						4,107

Total equity	Total equity	15,797						18,075							Total equity	12,356						16,775
Total liabilities and equity	Total liabilities and equity	$	173,665					$	196,495						Total liabilities and equity	$	166,249					$	183,861
Net interest margin on average earning assets	Net interest margin on average earning assets					1.32	%					1.14	%		Net interest margin on average earning assets					1.28	%					1.12	%

~~125~~


~~HSBC USA Inc.~~

Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021
Average Balance Interest Rate Average Balance Interest Rate
(dollars are in millions)
Assets:
Interest bearing deposits with banks $ 49,026 $ 122 .50 % $ 41,550 $ 22 .11 %
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements 2,882 15 1.05 14,371 11 .15
Trading securities 14,526 118 1.64 19,780 102 1.04
Securities 38,429 310 1.63 43,879 337 1.55
Loans:
Commercial 42,658 547 2.59 41,013 557 2.74
Consumer:
Residential mortgages 17,053 244 2.89 18,558 273 2.97
Home equity mortgages 428 6 2.83 694 9 2.62
Credit cards 250 10 8.07 942 42 8.99
Other consumer 182 6 6.65 289 11 7.68
Total consumer 17,913 266 2.99 20,483 335 3.30
Total loans 60,571 813 2.71 61,496 892 2.93
Other 2,314 17 1.48 2,774 13 .95
Total interest earning assets $ 167,748 $ 1,395 1.68 % $ 183,850 $ 1,377 1.51 %
Allowance for credit losses (458) (894)
Cash and due from banks 956 1,268
Other assets 10,489 13,562
Total assets $ 178,735 $ 197,786
Liabilities and Equity:
Domestic deposits:
Savings deposits $ 58,475 $ 61 .21 % $ 67,602 $ 59 .18 %
Time deposits 9,165 64 1.41 15,222 58 .77
Other interest bearing deposits 20,310 60 .60 21,824 30 .28
Foreign deposits 6,187 6 .20 5,926 1 .03
Deposits held for sale 1,958 2 .21 1,394 2 .23
Total interest bearing deposits 96,095 193 .41 111,968 150 .27
Short-term borrowings:
Securities sold under repurchase agreements 2,242 9 .81 1,673 1 .12
Commercial paper 3,978 16 .81 3,048 6 .40
Other short-term borrowings 274 1 .74 246 2 1.64
Total short-term borrowings 6,494 26 .81 4,967 9 .37
Long-term debt 16,065 157 1.97 19,343 160 1.67
Total interest bearing debt 118,654 376 .64 136,278 319 .47
Tax liabilities and other 1,005 10 2.01 771 4 1.05
Total interest bearing liabilities $ 119,659 $ 386 .65 % $ 137,049 $ 323 .48 %
Net interest income/Interest rate spread $ 1,009 1.03 % $ 1,054 1.03 %
Noninterest bearing deposits 37,978 36,667
Other liabilities 4,815 5,930
Total equity 16,283 18,140
Total liabilities and equity $ 178,735 $ 197,786
Net interest margin on average earning assets 1.21 % 1.16 %

~~126~~108


HSBC USA Inc.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Information required by this Item is included within Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in the Risk Management section under the captions "Treasury Risk Management - Interest Rate Risk" and "Market Risk Management."

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures We maintain a system of disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by HSBC USA in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported on a timely basis. Our Board of Directors, operating through its Audit Committee, which is composed entirely of independent non-executive directors, provides oversight to our financial reporting process.

We conducted an evaluation, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report so as to alert them in a timely fashion to material information required to be disclosed in reports we file under the Exchange Act.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

See Note 20, "Litigation and Regulatory Matters," in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for our legal proceedings disclosure, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 5. Other Information

Disclosures pursuant to Section 13(r) of the Securities Exchange Act Section 13(r) of the Securities Exchange Act requires each issuer registered with the SEC to disclose in its annual or quarterly reports whether it or any of its affiliates have knowingly engaged in specified activities or transactions with persons or entities targeted by U.S. sanctions programs relating to Iran, terrorism, or the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, even if those activities are not prohibited by U.S. law and are conducted outside the U.S. by non-U.S. affiliates in compliance with local laws and regulations.

To comply with this requirement, HSBC has requested relevant information from its affiliates globally. During the period covered by this Form 10-Q, HUSI did not engage in activities or transactions requiring disclosure pursuant to Section 13(r) other than those activities related to frozen accounts and transactions permitted under relevant U.S. sanctions programs described under "Frozen Accounts and Transactions" below. The following activities conducted by our affiliates are disclosed in response to Section 13(r):

Legacy contractual obligations related to guarantees Between 1996 and 2007, the HSBC Group provided guarantees to a number of its non-Iranian customers in Europe and the Middle East for various business activities in Iran. In a number of cases, the HSBC Group issued counter indemnities involving Iranian banks as the Iranian beneficiaries of the guarantees required that they be backed directly by Iranian banks. The Iranian banks to which the HSBC Group provided counter indemnities included Bank Tejarat, Bank Melli, and the Bank of Industry and Mine.

There was no measurable gross revenue in the ~~second~~first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 under those guarantees and counter indemnities. The HSBC Group does not allocate direct costs to fees and commissions and, therefore, has not disclosed a separate net profit measure. The HSBC Group is seeking to cancel all relevant guarantees and counter indemnities, and does not currently intend to provide any new guarantees or counter indemnities involving Iran. No guarantees were cancelled in the ~~second~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, and approximately 14 remain outstanding.

~~127~~109


HSBC USA Inc.

Other relationships with Iranian banks Activity related to U.S.-sanctioned Iranian banks not covered elsewhere in this disclosure includes ~~the matter described below.~~following:

The HSBC Group acts as the trustee and administrator for a pension scheme involving eight employees of a U.S.-sanctioned Iranian bank in Asia. Under the rules of this scheme, the HSBC Group accepts contributions from the Iranian bank each month and allocates the funds into the pension accounts of the Iranian bank’s employees. The HSBC Group runs and operates this pension scheme in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Estimated gross revenue, which includes fees and/or commissions, generated by this pension scheme during the ~~second~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, was approximately ~~$651.~~$545.

For the Iranian bank related-activity discussed above, the HSBC Group does not allocate direct costs to fees and commissions and, therefore, has not disclosed a separate net profit measure.

The HSBC Group has been holding a safe custody box for the Central Bank of Iran. For a number of years, the box has not been accessed by the Central Bank of Iran, and no fees have been charged to the Central Bank of Iran.

The HSBC Group currently intends to continue to wind down the above activities, to the extent legally permissible, and not enter into any new such activity.

Activity related to U.S. Executive Order 13224 The HSBC Group ~~maintained~~has four individual customers in the Middle East that, during the first quarter of 2023, received bonus shares pursuant to legacy holdings in an ~~account for an~~ entity ~~customer in Asia who was~~ designated under Executive Order 13224 in ~~the third quarter of 2021, and the account was restricted in the third quarter of 2021. The beneficial owner of the entity was also designated under Executive Order 13224 in the third quarter of 2021.~~2022. The HSBC Group ~~engaged in one domestic transaction with the beneficial owner of the entity as part of the customer exit process.~~processed these corporate actions on its customers' investment accounts.

For these activities, there was no measurable gross revenue or net profit to the HSBC Group during the ~~second~~first quarter of ~~2022.~~2023.

Other activity The HSBC Group has aone non-Iranian insurance company customer in the Middle East that, during the ~~second~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, made local currency domestic payments for the reimbursement of medical treatment to a hospital located outside Iran that is owned by the Government of Iran. The HSBC Group processed these payments from its customer to the hospital.

The HSBC Group has six customers in the Middle East that, during the second quarter of 2022, received local currency domestic checks from an insurance company outside Iran that is owned by the Government of Iran. The HSBC Group processed these checks from the insurance company to its customers.

~~The HSBC Group has two~~three customers in Europe that, during the ~~second~~first quarter of ~~2022,~~2023, received local currency ~~domestic~~ payments from a bank owned by the Government of Iran in relation to management charges for property owned by the bank and training fees for staff at the bank. The HSBC Group processed these payments to its customers.

The HSBC Group ~~had an~~has one individual customer in Europe that, ~~was employed as a director of a bank owned by the Government of Iran. The customer's account was closed and exited~~ during the ~~second~~first quarter of ~~2022.~~2023, made local currency domestic payments to an Iranian embassy for visa applications. The HSBC Group ~~engaged in local currency domestic transactions as part of~~processed these payments from its customer to the ~~exit process for its customer.~~Iranian embassy.

For these activities, there was no measurable gross revenue or net profit to the HSBC Group during the ~~second~~first quarter of ~~2022.~~2023.

Frozen accounts and transactions The HSBC Group and HSBC Bank USA (a subsidiary of HUSI) maintain several accounts that are frozen as a result of relevant sanctions programs, and safekeeping boxes and other similar custodial relationships, for which no activity, except as licensed or otherwise authorized, took place during the ~~second~~first quarter of ~~2022.~~2023. There was no measurable gross revenue or net profit to the HSBC Group during the ~~second~~first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 relating to these frozen accounts.

~~128~~110


HSBC USA Inc.

Item 6. Exhibits


3(i)			Articles of Incorporation and amendments and supplements thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(a) to HSBC USA Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999, Exhibit 3 to HSBC USA Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2000, Exhibit 3.2 to HSBC USA Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 4, 2005, Exhibit 3.3 to HSBC USA Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 4, 2005, Exhibit 3.2 to HSBC USA Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 14, 2005, Exhibit 3.2 to HSBC USA Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 22, 2006 and Exhibit 3.2 to HSBC USA Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 31, 2016).

3(ii)			Bylaws of HSBC USA Inc., as Amended and Restated effective July 20, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to HSBC USA Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 21, 2022).















31			Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32			Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS			The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document(1)

101.SCH			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document(1)

101.CAL			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document(1)

101.DEF			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document(1)

101.LAB			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document(1)

101.PRE			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document(1)

104			Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

(1)Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, includes the following financial information included in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended ~~June 30, 2022,~~March 31, 2023, formatted in Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language ("Inline XBRL"): (i) the Consolidated Statement of Income for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021,~~ (ii) the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021,~~ (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheet at ~~June 30, 2022~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, (iv) the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021,~~ (v) the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~June 30,~~March 31, 2023 and 2022, ~~and 2021,~~ and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~129~~111


HSBC USA Inc.

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, HSBC USA Inc. has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: ~~August 1, 2022~~May 2, 2023


HSBC USA INC.





By:						/s/ KAVITA MAHTANI
						Kavita Mahtani
						Senior Executive Vice President and
						Chief Financial Officer

~~130~~112


	One-notch downgrade		Two-notch downgrade
	(in millions)
Amount of additional collateral to be posted upon downgrade	$	19	$	67


	Apr. 1, 2021		Total Realized / Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in				Purch- ases		Issu- ances		Settle- ments		Transfers Into Level 3		Transfers Out of Level 3		Jun. 30, 2021		Current Period Unrealized Gains (Losses) Still Held Included in
			Earnings		Other Compre- hensive Income (Loss)														Earnings		Other Compre- hensive Income (Loss)
	(in millions)
Assets:
Trading assets, excluding derivatives:(6)

Residential mortgage asset-backed securities	$	24	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(24)	$	—	$	—	$	—



Derivatives, net:(1)
Interest rate contracts	2		6		—		—		—		—		—		—		8		5		—
Foreign exchange contracts	(2)		1		—		—		—		—		—		—		(1)		1		—
Equity contracts	42		(117)		—		—		—		81		8		(27)		(13)		(47)		—

Credit contracts	45		1		—		—		—		—		—		—		46		2		—
Other contracts(2)	(50)		(5)		—		—		—		7		—		—		(48)		—		—

Asset-backed securities available-for-sale(3)	130		—		(2)		—		—		(2)		—		—		126		—		(2)
Mortgage servicing rights(4)	11		(2)		—		—		3		—		—		—		12		(2)		—
Total assets	$	202	$	(116)	$	(2)	$	—	$	3	$	86	$	8	$	(51)	$	130	$	(41)	$	(2)
Liabilities:
Domestic deposits(5)	$	(599)	$	(12)	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	60	$	(109)	$	66	$	(593)	$	(12)	$	1
Long-term debt(5)	(486)		(20)		(1)		—		(418)		34		(34)		6		(919)		(23)		(1)
Total liabilities	$	(1,085)	$	(32)	$	—	$	—	$	(418)	$	94	$	(143)	$	72	$	(1,512)	$	(35)	$	—