Table of Contents
  


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
___________________________________________________ 
FORM 10-Q
___________________________________________________ 
ý☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended Januaryended: July 31, 20182019
or
o☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission file number number: 1-5111
 ___________________________________________________
THEThe J. M. SMUCKER COMPANYSmucker Company
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
___________________________________________________ 
Ohio34-0538550
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
  
One Strawberry Lane 
Orrville,Ohio44667-0280
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip code)
 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(330)682-3000
 
N/A
(Former
N/A
           (Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
       Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading symbolName of each exchange on which registered
Common shares, no par valueSJMNew York Stock Exchange

___________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for at least the past 90 days.  Yesý    No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yesý    No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ýAccelerated filer o
☐

    
Non-accelerated filer 
o  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)☐

Smaller Reporting Companyreporting company o☐
      
Emerging growth company o☐   


If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  o☐    No  ý
The Company had 113,599,142114,047,747 common shares outstanding on February 16, 2018.August 20, 2019.


   
Table of Contents


TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
  Page No.
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
   
Item 1.
Financial Statements
 
 
Condensed Statements of Consolidated Income
2
 
Condensed Statements of Consolidated Comprehensive Income
2
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
3
 
Condensed Statements of Consolidated Balance SheetsCash Flows
4
 
Condensed Statements of Consolidated Cash FlowsShareholders’ Equity
5
 
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
6
   
Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
2119
   
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
26
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
28
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
29
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
29
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
29
Item 6.
Exhibits
29
SIGNATURES
30
   
Item 4.
Controls and ProceduresINDEX OF EXHIBITS
33
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
34
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
35
Item 6.
Exhibits
36
SIGNATURES
37
INDEX OF EXHIBITS
3831


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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
THE J. M. SMUCKER COMPANY
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED INCOME
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended January 31, Nine Months Ended January 31,Three Months Ended July 31,
Dollars in millions, except per share data2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018
Net sales$1,903.3
 $1,878.8
 $5,575.8
 $5,608.5
$1,778.9
 $1,902.5
Cost of products sold1,174.8
 1,155.9
 3,430.2
 3,420.0
1,079.3
 1,224.3
Gross Profit728.5
 722.9
 2,145.6
 2,188.5
699.6
 678.2
Selling, distribution, and administrative expenses331.9
 337.2
 1,043.0
 1,056.3
380.5
 383.3
Amortization51.6
 51.7
 154.7
 155.2
58.8
 60.5
Impairment charges176.9
 75.7
 176.9
 75.7
Other special project costs (A)
5.6
 18.0
 42.4
 66.8
3.3
 7.7
Other operating expense (income) – net(0.2) 2.6
 1.4
 (0.3)(0.6) (0.2)
Operating Income162.7
 237.7
 727.2
 834.8
257.6
 226.9
Interest expense – net(43.1) (40.3) (126.7) (122.8)(49.4) (53.6)
Other income (expense) – net(3.6) 0.2
 (3.7) 4.5
(1.5) (0.2)
Income Before Income Taxes116.0
 197.6
 596.8
 716.5
206.7
 173.1
Income tax expense (benefit)(715.3) 63.0
 (555.9) 234.6
Income tax expense52.1
 40.1
Net Income$831.3
 $134.6
 $1,152.7
 $481.9
$154.6
 $133.0
Earnings per common share:          
Net Income$7.32
 $1.16
 $10.15
 $4.14
$1.36
 $1.17
Net Income – Assuming Dilution$7.32
 $1.16
 $10.15
 $4.14
$1.36
 $1.17
Dividends Declared per Common Share$0.78
 $0.75
 $2.34
 $2.25
(A)
Other special project costs includes integration and restructuring costs. For more information, see Note 4: Integration and Restructuring Costs.Costs.
See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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THE J. M. SMUCKER COMPANY
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended January 31, Nine Months Ended January 31,Three Months Ended July 31,
Dollars in millions2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018
Net income$831.3
 $134.6
 $1,152.7
 $481.9
$154.6
 $133.0
Other comprehensive income (loss):          
Foreign currency translation adjustments21.9
 9.0
 43.8
 (17.2)4.5
 (6.1)
Cash flow hedging derivative activity, net of tax(0.5) 0.1
 1.9
 0.3
(40.8) 2.1
Pension and other postretirement benefit plans activity, net of tax1.1
 1.3
 6.8
 19.3
1.1
 1.6
Available-for-sale securities activity, net of tax0.1
 (0.7) (0.2) (0.4)0.3
 0.3
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)22.6
 9.7
 52.3
 2.0
(34.9) (2.1)
Comprehensive Income$853.9
 $144.3
 $1,205.0
 $483.9
$119.7
 $130.9
See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


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THE J. M. SMUCKER COMPANY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
January 31, 2018 April 30, 2017
Dollars in millions   July 31, 2019 April 30, 2019
ASSETS
Current Assets      
Cash and cash equivalents$186.2
 $166.8
$48.8
 $101.3
Trade receivables, less allowance for doubtful accounts422.7
 438.7
473.7
 503.8
Inventories:      
Finished products584.6
 562.4
659.0
 590.8
Raw materials324.5
 343.3
354.3
 319.5
Total Inventory909.1
 905.7
1,013.3
 910.3
Other current assets91.9
 130.6
77.7
 109.8
Total Current Assets1,609.9
 1,641.8
1,613.5
 1,625.2
Property, Plant, and Equipment      
Land and land improvements119.9
 115.6
122.2
 122.1
Buildings and fixtures807.5
 766.2
902.9
 903.2
Machinery and equipment2,049.2
 1,983.0
2,354.7
 2,185.0
Construction in progress153.2
 116.9
178.0
 321.8
Gross Property, Plant, and Equipment3,129.8
 2,981.7
3,557.8
 3,532.1
Accumulated depreciation(1,496.1) (1,364.2)(1,648.6) (1,619.7)
Total Property, Plant, and Equipment1,633.7
 1,617.5
1,909.2
 1,912.4
Other Noncurrent Assets      
Operating lease right-of-use assets149.2
 —
Goodwill5,949.4
 6,077.1
6,313.3
 6,310.9
Other intangible assets – net5,970.8
 6,149.9
6,661.1
 6,718.8
Other noncurrent assets165.4
 153.4
145.3
 144.0
Total Other Noncurrent Assets12,085.6
 12,380.4
13,268.9
 13,173.7
Total Assets$15,329.2
 $15,639.7
$16,791.6
 $16,711.3
      
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current Liabilities      
Accounts payable$471.2
 $477.2
$503.1
 $591.0
Accrued trade marketing and merchandising117.3
 106.0
205.3
 142.7
Current portion of long-term debt—
 499.0
799.0
 798.5
Short-term borrowings254.0
 454.0
295.9
 426.0
Current operating lease liabilities

43.2
 —
Other current liabilities247.4
 296.4
444.3
 383.3
Total Current Liabilities1,089.9
 1,832.6
2,290.8
 2,341.5
Noncurrent Liabilities      
Long-term debt, less current portion4,688.5
 4,445.5
4,685.3
 4,686.3
Deferred income taxes1,380.6
 2,167.0
1,387.2
 1,398.6
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities112.9
 —
Other noncurrent liabilities366.0
 344.4
307.7
 314.4
Total Noncurrent Liabilities6,435.1
 6,956.9
6,493.1
 6,399.3
Total Liabilities7,525.0
 8,789.5
8,783.9
 8,740.8
Shareholders’ Equity      
Common shares28.9
 28.4
29.0
 28.9
Additional capital5,739.7
 5,724.7
5,773.5
 5,755.8
Retained income2,126.7
 1,240.5
2,421.9
 2,367.6
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(91.1) (143.4)(216.7) (181.8)
Total Shareholders’ Equity7,804.2
 6,850.2
8,007.7
 7,970.5
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity$15,329.2
 $15,639.7
$16,791.6
 $16,711.3
See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


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THE J. M. SMUCKER COMPANY
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended January 31,Three Months Ended July 31,
Dollars in millions2018 20172019 2018
Operating Activities      
Net income$1,152.7
 $481.9
$154.6
 $133.0
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used for) operations:      
Depreciation157.2
 159.6
50.8
 51.4
Amortization154.7
 155.2
58.8
 60.5
Impairment charges176.9
 75.7
Share-based compensation expense16.8
 22.0
6.2
 4.6
Remeasurement of U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities(791.9) —
Loss on disposal of assets – net5.3
 3.9
Other noncash adjustments4.0
 0.4
Defined benefit pension contributions(32.4) (6.5)
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effect from businesses acquired:   
Other noncash adjustments – net0.2
 1.1
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effect from acquisition:   
Trade receivables18.6
 27.0
30.4
 (52.7)
Inventories1.6
 (98.6)(102.1) (65.7)
Other current assets19.4
 26.9
6.4
 21.8
Accounts payable15.9
 (3.4)(61.0) 0.8
Accrued liabilities11.7
 (13.5)63.6
 52.6
Income and other taxes(33.9) (57.1)21.8
 58.9
Other – net27.0
 21.3
(8.2) (23.3)
Net Cash Provided by (Used for) Operating Activities903.6
 794.8
221.5
 243.0
Investing Activities      
Business acquired, net of cash acquired—
 (1,905.0)
Additions to property, plant, and equipment(210.3) (136.6)(73.0) (101.3)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant, and equipment8.9
 0.4
Other – net29.6
 (11.9)20.9
 (25.2)
Net Cash Provided by (Used for) Investing Activities(171.8) (148.1)(52.1) (2,031.5)
Financing Activities      
Short-term borrowings (repayments) – net(200.0) (142.0)(130.0) 386.0
Proceeds from long-term debt799.6
 —
—
 1,500.0
Repayments of long-term debt(1,050.3) (200.0)
Quarterly dividends paid(261.4) (252.1)(96.5) (88.4)
Purchase of treasury shares(6.9) (19.0)(2.9) (4.7)
Proceeds from stock option exercises7.0
 —
Other – net(6.2) 0.7
(0.2) (2.4)
Net Cash Provided by (Used for) Financing Activities(725.2) (612.4)(222.6) 1,790.5
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash12.8
 (4.5)0.7
 (2.6)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents19.4
 29.8
(52.5) (0.6)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period166.8
 109.8
101.3
 192.6
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period$186.2
 $139.6
$48.8
 $192.0
( ) Denotes use of cash
See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


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THE J. M. SMUCKER COMPANY
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)
 Three Months Ended July 31, 2019
Dollars in millions
Common
Shares Outstanding
 Common Shares Additional Capital Retained Income Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at May 1, 2019113,742,296
 $28.9
 $5,755.8
 $2,367.6
 $(181.8) $7,970.5
Net income

 

 

 154.6
 

 154.6
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 
 
 (34.9) (34.9)
Comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 119.7
Purchase of treasury shares(22,793) —
 (2.7) (0.2) 

 (2.9)
Stock plans330,289
 0.1
 20.4
 

 

 20.5
Cash dividends declared, $0.88 per common share

 

 

 (100.1) 

 (100.1)
Other

 

 

 —
 

 —
Balance at July 31, 2019114,049,792
 $29.0
 $5,773.5
 $2,421.9
 $(216.7) $8,007.7
 Three Months Ended July 31, 2018
Dollars in millionsCommon Shares Outstanding Common Shares Additional Capital Retained Income Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at May 1, 2018113,572,840
 $28.9
 $5,739.7
 $2,239.2
 $(116.7) $7,891.1
Net income

 

 

 133.0
 

 133.0
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 
 
 (2.1) (2.1)
Comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 130.9
Purchase of treasury shares(43,913) —
 (4.6) (0.1) 

 (4.7)
Stock plans243,521
 —
 10.0
 

 

 10.0
Cash dividends declared, $0.85 per common share

 

 

 (96.5) 

 (96.5)
Other

 

 

 —
 

 —
Balance at July 31, 2018113,772,448
 $28.9
 $5,745.1
 $2,275.6
 $(118.8) $7,930.8
See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.



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THE J. M. SMUCKER COMPANY
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars and shares in millions, unless otherwise noted, except per share data)
Note 1: Basis of Presentation
The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of The J. M. Smucker Company (“Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments of a normal recurring nature considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.
Operating results for the ninethree months ended JanuaryJuly 31, 2018,2019, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending April 30, 2018.2020. For further information, reference is made to the consolidated financial statements and notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2017.2019.
Note 2: Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In FebruaryAugust 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-02, Income Statement2018-15, Intangibles – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) ReclassificationGoodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract. ASU 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. ASU 2018-15 is effective for us on May 1, 2020, but we elected to early adopt on May 1, 2019, as permitted, on a prospective basis. During the three months ended July 31, 2019, we capitalized implementation costs related to third-party cloud computing services of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income$0.7, which is reflected in other noncurrent assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

In August 2018, the FASB also issued ASU 2018-14, Compensation – Retirement Benefits – Defined Benefit Plans – General (Subtopic 715-20) Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans, which will allow a reclassification from accumulatedmodifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other comprehensive income to retained earnings for the tax effects resulting from “An Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Titles II and V of the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2018” (the “Act”)postretirement benefit plans. The guidance removes disclosures that are stranded in accumulatedno longer considered cost beneficial and adds new, as well as clarifies certain other, comprehensive income. This standard also requires certain disclosures about stranded tax effects. Thisdisclosure requirements. ASU however, does not change the underlying guidance that requires that the effect of a change in tax laws or rates be included in income from continuing operations. ASU 2018-022018-14 will be effective for us on May 1, 2019,2020, with the option to early adopt at any time prior to the effective date. It must be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Act is recognized. We do not anticipate that the adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which simplifies the application of hedge accounting and enables companies to better portray the economics of their risk management activities in their financial statements. ASU 2017-12 is effective for us on May 1, 2019, but we have elected to early adopt during the second quarter of 2018, as permitted. Early adoption of this ASU had an overall immaterial impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures. For additional information, see Note 10: Derivative Financial Instruments.
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715) Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost, which requires the service cost component of the net periodic pension cost to be presented separately from the other components of the net periodic pension cost in the income statement. Additionally, only the service cost component of the net periodic pension cost is eligible for capitalization. ASU 2017-07 will be effective for us on May 1, 2019, with the option to early adopt at any time prior to the effective date. The change in presentation of service cost must be applied retrospectively, while the capitalization of service cost must be applied on a prospective basis. We do not anticipate that the adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test and requires an impairment charge to be recorded based on the excess of a reporting unit's carrying value over its fair value. ASU 2017-04 is effective for us on May 1, 2020, but we have elected to early adopt on a prospective basis during the third quarter of 2018, as permitted. For additional information, see Note 7: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740) Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory, which requires the recognition of the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset, other than inventory, when the transfer occurs rather than deferring such recognition until the asset is sold to an outside party. ASU 2016-16 is effective for us on May 1, 2018, and it will require adoption on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. We do not anticipate that the adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

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In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which will make changes to how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 will be effective for us on May 1, 2018,date, and it will require adoption on a retrospective basis. We do not anticipate that the adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on our disclosures.

In August 2018, the presentationU.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) adopted the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-10532, Disclosure Update and Simplification, to eliminate or modify certain disclosure rules that are redundant, outdated, or duplicative of our consolidatedU.S. GAAP or other regulatory requirements. This rule was effective on November 5, 2018, and as a result, we adopted a portion of the amendments during 2019. This rule also amended the disclosure requirements related to the analysis of shareholders’ equity, which was expanded to the interim financial statements and was effective for us on May 1, 2019. While the new shareholders’ equity disclosure requirements impacted our interim financial statements beginning May 1, 2019, the amendments in this rule did not have a material impact on our other financial statements and disclosures.
In February 2016, in an effort to increase transparency and comparability among organizations, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which will requirerequires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability for all leases with termsa term of more than 12 months. We adopted the requirements of ASU 2016-02 will be effective for usand all related amendments on May 1, 2019, utilizing an optional transition method that allows for a cumulative-effect adjustment in the period of adoption with the option to early adopt at any timeno restatement of prior periods. This transition method also does not require new lease disclosures for periods prior to the effective date. It will requireWe have elected certain practical expedients available under the guidance, including a modified retrospective application forpackage of practical expedients which allows us to not reassess prior conclusions related to existing contracts containing leases, existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presentedlease classification, and will exclude any leases that expired before the date of initial application. We are currently compiling an inventory of our lease arrangements in order to determine the impact the new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures. We are also in the process of evaluating lease accounting software as we prepare for the standard's additional reporting requirements. Based on our assessment to date, we expect the adoptiondirect costs.
Adoption of ASU 2016-02 will resulton May 1, 2019, resulted in a significant increase in lease-relatedthe recognition of operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities recognizedof $159.2 and $166.6, respectively, in ourthe Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, butSheet. The difference between the additional lease assets and lease liabilities was primarily due to an existing deferred rent balance that was reclassified to the operating lease liability. The new standard did not materially impact our Condensed Statement of Consolidated Income or Condensed Statement of Consolidated Cash Flows. The additional disclosures required are presented within Note 12: Leases.

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Note 3: Acquisition
On May 14, 2018, we are unable to quantifyacquired the impact at this time.
In May 2014,stock of Ainsworth Pet Nutrition, LLC (“Ainsworth”), a leading producer, distributor, and marketer of premium pet food and pet snacks, predominantly within the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The core principle of the new guidance is that an entity must recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customersU.S., in an amount that reflectsall-cash transaction valued at $1.9 billion. The transaction was funded with a bank term loan and borrowings under our commercial paper program of approximately $1.5 billion and $400.0, respectively. For additional information on the considerationfinancing associated with this transaction, refer to whichNote 8: Debt and Financing Arrangements.
During 2019, the entity expectsfinal purchase price was allocated to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. It requires additional disclosures to enable users to understand the nature, amount, timing,underlying assets acquired and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows relating to customer contracts. ASU 2014-09 requires either full retrospective application to each prior reporting period presented or modified retrospective application with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognizedliabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair values at the date of adoption. In August 2015,acquisition. We determined the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) Deferralestimated fair values based on independent appraisals, discounted cash flow analyses, quoted market prices, and other estimates made by management. The purchase price allocation included total intangible assets of $1.3 billion. The purchase price exceeded the estimated fair value of the Effective Date, which extendsnet identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and, as a result, the standard's effective date by one year.excess was allocated to goodwill. As a result of this issuance, the standard will be effectiveacquisition, we recognized total goodwill of $617.8 within the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment, which represents the value we expect to achieve through the implementation of operational synergies and growth opportunities as we integrate Ainsworth into our U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment. Of the total goodwill, $446.0 was deductible for us on May 1, 2018. Our plan to implementincome tax purposes at the standard is on track. With the involvementacquisition date, of a cross-functional team, we performed a detailed reviewwhich $408.5 remains deductible at July 31, 2019.
The carrying values of the new guidancegoodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets within the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment were $2.4 billion and $1.5 billion, respectively, as comparedof July 31, 2019. The goodwill and indefinite-lived trademarks within the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment, inclusive of the recently acquired Ainsworth business, remain susceptible to future impairment charges, due to the narrow differences between fair value and carrying value. Any significant adverse change in our current policies to identify any potential accounting differences. We then reviewed contracts from each of our significant revenue streams to determine the validity of our initial conclusions. We have not identified any accounting changes thatnear or long-term projections or macroeconomic conditions would materially impact our consolidated financial statements, and therefore we intend to utilize the modified retrospective transition method.result in future impairment charges.
Note 3: Acquisition
On May 30, 2017, we announced a definitive agreement to acquire the Wesson® oil brand from Conagra Brands, Inc. (“Conagra”). The all-cash transaction, which is expected to be funded primarily with debt, is valued at approximately $285.0, subject to a post-closing working capital adjustment. We anticipate the addition of the Wesson brand will add annual net sales of approximately $230.0.
The transaction is subject to certain customary closing conditions, including the termination or expiration of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 (the “HSR Act”). On August 28, 2017, both parties received a request for additional information under the HSR Act (a “second request”) from the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) in connection with the FTC's review of the transaction. Issuance of the second request extends the waiting period under the HSR Act until 30 days after both parties have substantially complied with the request, or as the parties otherwise agree, unless the waiting period is terminated earlier by the FTC. The agreement to acquire the Wesson brand provides that, unless otherwise agreed upon by both parties, if the closing of the transaction has not occurred on or prior to March 31, 2018, because HSR approval has not been received as of such date, then either party may terminate the agreement.
Following the close of the transaction, Conagra will continue to manufacture products sold under the Wesson brand and provide certain other transition services. We expect to consolidate Wesson production into our existing oils manufacturing facility in Cincinnati, Ohio, within one year.
Note 4: Integration and Restructuring Costs
Integration and restructuring costs primarily consist of employee-related costs outside service and consulting costs, and other transition and termination costs related to certain acquisition or restructuring activities. Employee-related costs include severance, retention bonuses, and relocation costs. Severance costs and retention bonuses are recognized over the estimated future service period of the affected employees, and relocation costs are expensed as incurred. Other transition and termination costs include fixed asset-related charges, contract and lease termination costs, professional fees, information systems costs, and other miscellaneous expenditures associated with the integration or restructuring activities, which are expensed as incurred. These one-timeintegration and restructuring costs are not allocated to segment profit, and the majority of these costs are reported in other special project

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costs in the Condensed Statements of Consolidated Income. The obligation related to employee separation costs is included in other current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Integration Costs: Total one-timeintegration costs related to the acquisition of Big Heart Pet Brands (“Big Heart”)Ainsworth are anticipated to be approximately $290.0, and will$50.0, the majority of which are expected to be incurred through 2018.cash charges. Of the total anticipated one-timeintegration costs, we expect approximately half to incur $100.0, $120.0, and $70.0 inbe employee-related costs. All remaining integration costs outside service and consulting costs, and other costs, respectively.are expected to be incurred by the end of 2020.
The following table summarizes our one-timeintegration costs incurred related to the Big HeartAinsworth acquisition.
 Three Months Ended July 31, Total Costs Incurred to Date at July 31, 2019
 2019 2018 
Employee-related costs$0.8
 $0.9
 $16.3
Other transition and termination costs2.5
 1.1
 19.1
Total integration costs$3.3
 $2.0
 $35.4
 Three Months Ended January 31, Nine Months Ended January 31, Total Costs Incurred to Date at January 31, 2018
 2018 2017 2018 2017 
Employee-related costs$2.0
 $4.7
 $8.2
 $17.9
 $90.3
Outside service and consulting costs1.6
 8.1
 9.1
 26.5
 115.1
Other costs1.2
 0.8
 6.4
 12.0
 63.6
Total one-time costs$4.8
 $13.6
 $23.7
 $56.4
 $269.0
Noncash charges of $0.3$0.2 and $2.8$0.8 were included in the one-timeintegration costs incurred during the three and nine months ended JanuaryJuly 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $1.6 and $8.6 during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2017, respectively. NoncashCumulative noncash charges included in total one-time costs incurred to date were $30.6, which primarily consisted of share-based compensation and accelerated depreciation. The obligation related to severance costs and retention bonuses was $0.4 and $5.3 at January 31, 2018 and April 30, 2017, respectively.
Restructuring Costs: An organization optimization program was approved by the Board of Directors during the fourth quarter of 2016. Under this program, we identified opportunities to reduce costs and optimize the organization, which we expect to achieve by the end of 2018. Related projects include an organizational redesign and the optimization of our manufacturing footprint. During 2017, we exited two leased facilities in Livermore, California, and consolidated all ancient grains and pasta production into our facility in Chico, California. We consolidated all of our coffee produced at our Harahan, Louisiana, facility into one of our facilities in New Orleans, Louisiana, which was completed during the third quarter of 2018. The organization optimization program is nearly complete and has resulted in total headcount reductions of approximately 275 full-time positions.
Upon completion of this program in 2018, total restructuring costs are expected to be approximately $45.0, of which the majority represents employee-related costs, while the remainder primarily consists of site preparation, equipment relocation, and production start-up costs at the impacted facilities.
The following table summarizes our one-time costs incurred related to the organization optimization program.
 Three Months Ended January 31, Nine Months Ended January 31, Total Costs Incurred to Date at January 31, 2018
 2018 2017 2018 2017 
Employee-related costs$(0.5) $3.4
 $11.1
 $10.7
 $24.8
Outside service and consulting costs0.1
 —
 0.3
 1.7
 2.1
Other costs3.5
 1.5
 11.2
 2.8
 15.6
Total one-time costs$3.1
 $4.9
 $22.6
 $15.2
 $42.5
Noncash charges of $2.9 and $9.8 were included in the one-time costs incurred during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2018, respectively, and $0.5 and $1.5 during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2017, respectively. Noncash charges included in total one-time costs incurred to date were $11.9,$4.3 and primarily consisted of accelerated depreciation. The obligation related to severance costs and retention bonuses was $1.1$0.3 and $3.3$1.6 at JanuaryJuly 31, 20182019, and April 30, 2017,2019, respectively.
Restructuring Costs: We completed the restructuring activities associated with our organization optimization program as of April 30, 2019, and as a result, we did not incur any costs during the three months ended July 31, 2019. We incurred restructuring costs of $5.7 during the three months ended July 31, 2018, primarily consisting of employee-related costs. Total restructuring costs of $74.6 were incurred related to the program, which included $48.7 and $25.9 of employee-related costs and other transition and termination costs, respectively. Noncash charges included in the total restructuring costs were $15.2, of

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which $0.1 were incurred during the three months ended July 31, 2018. Noncash charges primarily consisted of accelerated depreciation. The obligation related to severance costs and retention bonuses was $0.4 and $0.8 at July 31, 2019, and April 30, 2019, respectively.
Note 5: Divestiture
On August 31, 2018, we sold our U.S. baking business to Brynwood Partners VII L.P. and Brynwood Partners VIII L.P., subsidiaries of Brynwood Partners, an unrelated party. The transaction included products that were primarily sold in U.S. retail channels under the Pillsbury®, Martha White®, Hungry Jack®, White Lily®,and Jim Dandy®brands, along with all relevant trademarks and licensing agreements, and our manufacturing facility in Toledo, Ohio. This business generated net sales of approximately $370.0 in 2018. The transaction did not include our baking business in Canada.
The operating results for this business were primarily included in the U.S. Retail Consumer Foods segment prior to the sale. We received proceeds from the divestiture of $369.5, which were net of cash transaction costs and included a working capital adjustment. Upon completion of the transaction during the second quarter of 2019, we recognized a pre-tax gain of $27.7.
Note 5:6: Reportable Segments
We operate in one industry: the manufacturing and marketing of food and beverage products. We have four reportable segments: U.S. Retail Pet Foods, U.S. Retail Coffee, U.S. Retail Consumer Foods, U.S. Retail Pet Foods, and International and Away From Home. During
The U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment primarily includes the second quarterdomestic sales of 2018, we addedRachael RayTM Nutrish®, Meow Mix®, Milk-Bone®, Natural Balance®, Kibbles ’n Bits®, 9Lives®,Nature’s Recipe®,and Pup-Peroni® branded products; the International and Away From Home reportable segment, as a single segment manager was named to oversee the entire operating segment. Prior year segment results have not been modified, as the new

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reportable segment represents the previously reported combination of the International and Away From Home strategic business areas, which were previously managed separately and not individually significant.
The U.S. Retail Coffee segment primarily includes the domestic sales of Folgers®, Dunkin’ Donuts®,and Café Bustelo® branded coffee; and the U.S. Retail Consumer Foods segment primarily includes the domestic sales of JifSmucker’s®, Smucker’sJif®, and Crisco®, andPillsbury® branded products; and the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment primarily includes the domestic sales of Meow Mix®, Milk-Bone®, Natural Balance®, Kibbles ’n Bits®, 9Lives®, Pup-Peroni®, and Nature’s Recipe®branded products. The International and Away From Home segment is comprised ofcomprises products distributed domestically and in foreign countries through retail channels and foodservice distributors and operators (e.g., restaurants, lodging, schools and universities, health care operators).
Segment profit represents net sales, less direct and allocable operating expenses, and is consistent with the way in which we manage our segments. However, we do not represent that the segments, if operated independently, would report operating profit equal to the segment profit set forth below, as segment profit excludes certain expenses such as corporate administrative expenses, amortization expense and impairment charges related to intangible assets, integration and restructuring costs, as well as unallocated gains and losses on commodity and foreign currency exchange derivative activities.activities, as well as amortization expense and impairment charges related to intangible assets.
Commodity and foreign currency exchange derivative gains and losses are reported in unallocated derivative gains and losses outside of segment operating results until the related inventory is sold. At that time, we reclassify the hedge gains and losses from unallocated derivative gains and losses to segment profit, allowing our segments to realize the economic effect of the hedge without experiencing any mark-to-market volatility. We would expect that any gain or loss in the estimated fair value of the derivatives would generally be offset by a change in the estimated fair value of the underlying exposures.

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 Three Months Ended January 31, Nine Months Ended January 31,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Net sales:       
U.S. Retail Coffee$550.5
 $537.6
 $1,584.0
 $1,602.7
U.S. Retail Consumer Foods511.6
 517.3
 1,535.5
 1,611.6
U.S. Retail Pet Foods561.9
 550.9
 1,635.7
 1,601.4
International and Away From Home279.3
 273.0
 820.6
 792.8
Total net sales$1,903.3
 $1,878.8
 $5,575.8
 $5,608.5
Segment profit:       
U.S. Retail Coffee$182.1
 $172.2
 $458.5
 $532.5
U.S. Retail Consumer Foods121.3
 119.2
 363.1
 349.5
U.S. Retail Pet Foods118.0
 126.3
 339.2
 363.0
International and Away From Home52.6
 45.5
 144.6
 136.7
Total segment profit$474.0
 $463.2
 $1,305.4
 $1,381.7
Amortization(51.6) (51.7) (154.7) (155.2)
Impairment charges(176.9) (75.7) (176.9) (75.7)
Interest expense – net(43.1) (40.3) (126.7) (122.8)
Unallocated derivative gains (losses)(0.7) 0.8
 21.6
 (5.7)
Cost of products sold – special project costs (A)
(2.3) (0.5) (3.9) (4.8)
Other special project costs (A)
(5.6) (18.0) (42.4) (66.8)
Corporate administrative expenses(74.2) (80.4) (221.9) (238.7)
Other income (expense) – net(3.6) 0.2
 (3.7) 4.5
Income before income taxes$116.0
 $197.6
 $596.8
 $716.5

 Three Months Ended July 31,
 2019 2018
Net sales:   
U.S. Retail Pet Foods$669.9
 $671.2
U.S. Retail Coffee465.7
 489.5
U.S. Retail Consumer Foods402.2
 483.3
International and Away From Home241.1
 258.5
Total net sales$1,778.9
 $1,902.5
Segment profit:   
U.S. Retail Pet Foods$120.1
 $100.4
U.S. Retail Coffee128.9
 147.8
U.S. Retail Consumer Foods81.0
 97.3
International and Away From Home32.3
 43.4
Total segment profit$362.3
 $388.9
Amortization(58.8) (60.5)
Interest expense – net(49.4) (53.6)
Unallocated derivative gains (losses)29.0
 (22.0)
Other special project costs (A)
(3.3) (7.7)
Corporate administrative expenses(71.6) (71.8)
Other income (expense) – net(1.5) (0.2)
Income before income taxes$206.7
 $173.1

(A)Special
Other special project costs includes integration and restructuring costs. For more information, see Note 4: Integration and Restructuring Costs.Costs.


The following table presents certain geographical information.
 Three Months Ended July 31,
 2019 2018
Net sales:   
United States$1,657.6
 $1,772.3
International:   
Canada$96.8
 $98.2
All other international24.5
 32.0
Total international$121.3
 $130.2
Total net sales$1,778.9
 $1,902.5


The following table presents product category information.
 Three Months Ended July 31, 
 2019 2018
Primary Reportable Segment (A)
Coffee$546.7
 $578.3
U.S. Retail Coffee
Dog food295.6
 308.5
U.S. Retail Pet Foods
Cat food195.9
 189.0
U.S. Retail Pet Foods
Pet snacks193.2
 187.8
U.S. Retail Pet Foods
Peanut butter177.9
 199.2
U.S. Retail Consumer Foods
Fruit spreads89.2
 85.6
U.S. Retail Consumer Foods
Frozen handheld71.5
 64.5
U.S. Retail Consumer Foods
Shortening and oils51.5
 52.9
U.S. Retail Consumer Foods
Portion control39.4
 40.9
International and Away From Home
Juices and beverages31.2
 32.2
U.S. Retail Consumer Foods
Baking mixes and ingredients13.7
 84.3
International and Away From Home (B)
Other73.1
 79.3
International and Away From Home
Total net sales$1,778.9
 $1,902.5
 
(A)The primary reportable segment generally represents at least 75 percent of total net sales for each respective product category.

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(B)
During the three months ended July 31, 2018, the primary reportable segment was U.S. Retail Consumer Foods, as the majority of the net sales within this category were related to the divested U.S. baking business. For more information, see Note 5: Divestiture.
Note 6:7: Earnings per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of net income per common share and net income per common share – assuming dilution under the two-class method.
 Three Months Ended July 31,
 2019 2018
Net income$154.6
 $133.0
Less: Net income allocated to participating securities0.8
 0.7
Net income allocated to common stockholders$153.8
 $132.3
Weighted-average common shares outstanding113.2
 113.1
Add: Dilutive effect of stock options0.1
 —
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – assuming dilution113.3
 113.1
Net income per common share$1.36
 $1.17
Net income per common share – assuming dilution$1.36
 $1.17
 Three Months Ended January 31, Nine Months Ended January 31,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Net income$831.3
 $134.6
 $1,152.7
 $481.9
Less: Net income allocated to participating securities4.4
 0.6
 6.1
 2.2
Net income allocated to common stockholders$826.9
 $134.0
 $1,146.6
 $479.7
Weighted-average common shares outstanding113.0
 115.9
 113.0
 115.9
Add: Dilutive effect of stock options—
 0.1
 —
 0.1
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – assuming dilution113.0
 116.0
 113.0
 116.0
Net income per common share$7.32
 $1.16
 $10.15
 $4.14
Net income per common share – assuming dilution$7.32
 $1.16
 $10.15
 $4.14

Note 7: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

A summary of changes in goodwill by reportable segment is as follows:
 U.S. Retail Coffee U.S. Retail Consumer Foods U.S. Retail Pet Foods International and Away From Home Total
Balance at May 1, 2016$2,090.9
 $1,600.9
 $1,969.5
 $429.8
 $6,091.1
Other (A)
—
 (1.9) —
 (12.1) (14.0)
Balance at April 30, 2017$2,090.9
 $1,599.0
 $1,969.5
 $417.7
 $6,077.1
Impairment charges (B)
—
 —
 (145.0) —
 (145.0)
Other (A)
—
 2.4
 —
 14.9
 17.3
Balance at January 31, 2018$2,090.9
 $1,601.4
 $1,824.5
 $432.6
 $5,949.4
(A)The amounts classified as other represent foreign currency exchange adjustments.
(B)
There have been no goodwill impairment charges recognized in prior periods.

The following table summarizes our other intangible assets and related accumulated amortization and impairment charges, including foreign currency exchange adjustments.
  January 31, 2018 April 30, 2017
  Acquisition Cost Accumulated Amortization/Impairment Charges/Foreign Currency Exchange Net Acquisition Cost Accumulated Amortization/Impairment Charges/Foreign Currency Exchange Net
Finite-lived intangible assets subject to
   amortization:
            
Customer and contractual
   relationships
 $3,520.1
 $918.0
 $2,602.1
 $3,520.1
 $802.1
 $2,718.0
Patents and technology 168.5
 111.2
 57.3
 168.5
 101.4
 67.1
Trademarks 556.4
 136.8
 419.6
 556.4
 112.7
 443.7
Total intangible assets subject to
   amortization
 $4,245.0
 $1,166.0
 $3,079.0
 $4,245.0
 $1,016.2
 $3,228.8
Indefinite-lived intangible assets not
   subject to amortization:
            
Trademarks $3,078.1
 $186.3
 $2,891.8
 $3,078.1
 $157.0
 $2,921.1
Total other intangible assets $7,323.1
 $1,352.3
 $5,970.8
 $7,323.1
 $1,173.2
 $6,149.9

We review goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets at least annually on February 1 for impairment, and more often if indicators of impairment exist.

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During the third quarter of 2018, we completed our long-range planning process which resulted in a decline in forecasted net sales for the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment. As a result of the decreased projections, as well as the narrow differences between estimated fair value and carrying value as of April 30, 2017, we performed an interim impairment analysis on the goodwill of the Pet Foods reporting unit and the indefinite-lived trademarks included within the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment. We recognized total impairment charges of $176.9 during the third quarter of 2018, of which $145.0 and $31.9 related to the goodwill of the Pet Foods reporting unit and certain indefinite-lived trademarks within the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment, respectively, to the extent the carrying values exceeded the estimated fair values. These charges were included as a noncash charge in our Condensed Statement of Consolidated Income. Furthermore, we early adopted ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment in connection with thethird quarter of 2018 interim impairment analysis. As a result, we did not perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test for the goodwill of the Pet Foods reporting unit, and recorded the impairment charge based on the excess of the reporting unit's carrying value over its fair value. For further details, refer to Note 2: Recently Issued Accounting Standards.

During the third quarter of 2017, we completed an interim impairment analysis on the goodwill of the Pet Foods reporting unit and the indefinite-lived trademarks included within the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment as a result of a decline in the 2017 actual and forecasted net sales for the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment, as well as an increase in our weighted-average cost of capital, which reflected the rising market-based interest rates throughout the year. As a result, we recognized an impairment charge of $75.7 related to certain indefinite-lived trademarks within the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment, to the extent that carrying value exceeded the estimated fair value, which was included as a noncash charge in our Condensed Statement of Consolidated Income. We did not recognize an impairment charge related to the goodwill of the Pet Foods reporting unit during the third quarter of 2017.

The goodwill and indefinite-lived trademarks within the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment remain susceptible to future impairment charges as the carrying values approximate estimated fair values at January 31, 2018. In addition, the goodwill related to the Pet Foods reporting unit remains susceptible to future impairment charges, as the U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities remeasurement that was recorded during the third quarter of 2018, as a result of the enactment of tax legislation in December 2017, is provisional. As such, we could have additional adjustments to the U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities in the future as we refine our tax calculations, which could potentially affect the measurement of these balances or potentially give rise to new or additional deferred tax amounts, thus impacting the carrying value of the Pet Foods reporting unit. These adjustments would be reflected as a change in accounting estimate during the period identified. For further details, refer to Note 12: Income Taxes.
Note 8: Debt and Financing Arrangements
Long-term debt consists of the following:
January 31, 2018 April 30, 2017July 31, 2019 April 30, 2019
Principal
Outstanding
 
Carrying
Amount (A)
 
Principal
Outstanding
 
Carrying
Amount (A)
Principal
Outstanding
 
Carrying
Amount (A)
 
Principal
Outstanding
 
Carrying
Amount (A)
1.75% Senior Notes due March 15, 2018$—
 $—
 $500.0
 $499.0
2.20% Senior Notes due December 6, 2019300.0
 298.4
 —
 —
$300.0
 $299.7
 $300.0
 $299.5
2.50% Senior Notes due March 15, 2020500.0
 497.5
 500.0
 496.6
500.0
 499.3
 500.0
 499.0
3.50% Senior Notes due October 15, 2021750.0
 777.3
 750.0
 782.6
750.0
 766.6
 750.0
 768.4
3.00% Senior Notes due March 15, 2022400.0
 397.1
 400.0
 396.6
400.0
 398.2
 400.0
 398.0
3.50% Senior Notes due March 15, 20251,000.0
 994.2
 1,000.0
 993.6
1,000.0
 995.4
 1,000.0
 995.2
3.38% Senior Notes due December 15, 2027500.0
 495.7
 —
 —
500.0
 496.3
 500.0
 496.2
4.25% Senior Notes due March 15, 2035650.0
 643.0
 650.0
 642.6
650.0
 643.6
 650.0
 643.5
4.38% Senior Notes due March 15, 2045600.0
 585.3
 600.0
 584.9
600.0
 586.1
 600.0
 586.0
Term Loan Credit Agreement due March 23, 2020—
 —
 550.0
 548.6
Term Loan Credit Agreement due May 14, 2021800.0
 799.1
 800.0
 799.0
Total long-term debt$4,700.0
 $4,688.5
 $4,950.0
 $4,944.5
$5,500.0
 $5,484.3
 $5,500.0
 $5,484.8
Current portion of long-term debt—
 —
 500.0
 499.0
800.0
 799.0
 800.0
 798.5
Total long-term debt, less current portion$4,700.0
 $4,688.5
 $4,450.0
 $4,445.5
$4,700.0
 $4,685.3
 $4,700.0
 $4,686.3
(A)Represents the carrying amount included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, which includes the impact of capitalized debt issuance costs, terminated interest rate contracts, and offering discounts, and capitalized debt issuance costs.discounts.
In December 2017, we completed an offering
We entered into interest rate contracts in November 2018 and June 2018, with notional values of $800.0 in Senior Notes due December 6, 2019$300.0 and December 15, 2027. The Senior Notes included $6.1 of capitalized debt issuance costs and offering discounts$500.0, respectively, to be amortizedmanage our exposure to interest expense over

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the time for which therate volatility associated with anticipated debt is outstanding. The net proceeds from the offering were used to prepay the $500.0financing in principal amount of the Senior Notes due March 15, 2018. In addition, we prepaid, in full, the remaining outstanding balance of the $1.8 billion senior unsecured delayed-draw Term Loan Credit Agreement (“Term Loan”). During the three2020. These interest rate contracts are designated as cash flow hedges, and nine months ended January 31, 2018, we prepaid on the Term Loan $400.0 and $550.0, respectively. Asas a result, of prepaying both the Senior Notes due March 15, 2018 and the Term Loan, we recognized debt costs of $1.7, which primarily consisted of the write-off of capitalized debt issuance costs, and were included in interest expense. Concurrent with the pricing of the Senior Notes due December 15, 2027, we terminated the treasury lock prior to maturity, resulting in a gain of $2.7, which wasmark-to-market gains or losses on these contracts are deferred and included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and will be amortized as a reductionreclassified to interest expense overin the lifeperiod during which the hedged transactions affect earnings. At July 31, 2019, unrealized losses of the debt.$102.1 were deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for these derivative instruments. For additional information, on the treasury lock, see Note 10: Derivative Financial Instruments.Instruments.
In April 2018, we entered into a senior unsecured delayed-draw Term Loan Credit Agreement (“Term Loan”) with a syndicate of banks and an available commitment amount of $1.5 billion. The full amount of the Term Loan was drawn on May 14, 2018, to partially finance the Ainsworth acquisition, as discussed in Note 3: Acquisition. Borrowings under the Term Loan bear interest on the prevailing U.S. Prime Rate or London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), based on our election, and are payable either on a quarterly basis or at the end of the borrowing term. The Term Loan does not require scheduled amortization payments. Voluntary prepayments are permitted without premium or penalty. As of July 31, 2019, we have prepaid $700.0 on the Term Loan to date. The interest rate on the Term Loan at July 31, 2019, was 3.40 percent.

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All of our Senior Notes outstanding at JanuaryJuly 31, 2018,2019, are unsecured and interest is paid semiannually, with no required scheduled principal payments until maturity. We may prepay all or part of the Senior Notes at 100 percent of the principal amount thereof, together with the accrued and unpaid interest, and any applicable make-whole amount.
In September 2017, we entered into anWe have available a $1.8 billion unsecured revolving credit facility with a group of 11 banks which provides for a revolving credit line of $1.8 billion andthat matures in September 2022. Additionally, we terminated the previous $1.5 billion credit facility. The new revolving credit facility included $4.1 of capitalized debt issuance costs, which will be amortized to interest expense over the time for which the revolving credit facility is effective. Borrowings under the revolving credit facility bear interest on the prevailing U.S. Prime Rate, London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”),LIBOR, or Canadian Dealer Offered Rate, based on our election. Interest is payable either on a quarterly basis or at the end of the borrowing term. We did not have a balance outstanding under the current and previous revolving credit facilitiesfacility at JanuaryJuly 31, 2018 and2019, or April 30, 2017, respectively. As a result of the termination of the previous $1.5 billion credit facility, and because there are no subsidiary guarantors of the new $1.8 billion credit facility, the guarantees provided by the Company's subsidiaries, J. M. Smucker LLC and The Folgers Coffee Company (the “subsidiary guarantors”), related to the obligations under the Term Loan and all of our outstanding Senior Notes were released. For additional information, see Note 16: Guarantor and Non-Guarantor Financial Information.2019.
We participate in a commercial paper program under which we can issue short-term, unsecured commercial paper not to exceed $1.8 billion at any time, which was increased from the previous limit of $1.0 billion in conjunction with entering into the new unsecured revolving credit facility in September 2017.time. The commercial paper program is backed by our revolving credit facility and reduces what we can borrow under the revolving credit facility by the amount of commercial paper outstanding. Commercial paper will be used as a continuing source of short-term financing for general corporate purposes. As of JanuaryJuly 31, 20182019, and April 30, 2017,2019, we had $254.0$295.9 and $454.0$426.0 of short-term borrowings outstanding, respectively, which were issued under our commercial paper program at weighted-average interest rates of 1.752.56 percent and 1.152.75 percent, respectively.
Interest paid totaled $4.7$21.6 and $3.1$23.3 for the three months ended JanuaryJuly 31, 20182019 and 2017, respectively, and $88.2 and $84.4 for the nine months ended January 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively. This differs from interest expense due to the timing of interest payments, capitalized interest, effect of interest rate contracts, amortization of debt issuance costs and discounts, effectand payment of interest rate contracts, other debt fees, and capitalized interest.fees.
Our debt instruments contain certain financial covenant restrictions, including a leverage ratio and an interest coverage ratio. We are in compliance with all covenants.
Note 9: Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits
The components of our net periodic benefit cost for defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans are
shown below.
 Three Months Ended July 31,
 Defined Benefit Pension Plans Other Postretirement Benefits
 2019 2018 2019 2018
Service cost$0.4
 $0.6
 $0.5
 $0.4
Interest cost5.2
 5.9
 0.6
 0.6
Expected return on plan assets(6.0) (6.8) —
 —
Amortization of net actuarial loss (gain)2.0
 2.0
 (0.1) (0.1)
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)0.2
 0.2
 (0.3) (0.3)
Net periodic benefit cost$1.8
 $1.9
 $0.7
 $0.6
 Three Months Ended January 31,
 Defined Benefit Pension Plans Other Postretirement Benefits
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Service cost$1.3
 $3.0
 $0.5
 $0.5
Interest cost5.4
 6.2
 0.5
 0.7
Expected return on plan assets(7.2) (7.3) —
 —
Amortization of net actuarial loss (gain)2.9
 3.3
 (0.1) —
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)0.2
 0.3
 (0.4) (0.4)
Net periodic benefit cost$2.6
 $5.5
 $0.5
 $0.8

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 Nine Months Ended January 31,
 Defined Benefit Pension Plans Other Postretirement Benefits
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Service cost$4.7
 $10.7
 $1.5
 $1.7
Interest cost16.2
 19.1
 1.6
 2.0
Expected return on plan assets(21.6) (21.9) —
 —
Amortization of net actuarial loss (gain)8.6
 10.4
 (0.3) (0.1)
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)0.7
 0.9
 (1.1) (1.1)
Settlement loss—
 0.1
 —
 —
Net periodic benefit cost$8.6
 $19.3
 $1.7
 $2.5
As of April 30, 2017, we changed the approach utilized to estimate the service and interest cost components of net periodic benefit cost for our defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans. Historically, we estimated the service and interest cost components using a single weighted-average discount rate derived from the yield curve used to measure the benefit obligation at the beginning of the period. As of April 30, 2017, we utilized a spot rate approach for the estimation of service and interest cost for our plans by applying specific spot rates along the yield curve to the relevant projected cash flows to provide a better estimate of service and interest costs. This approach does not affect the measurement of the total benefit obligations, and has been accounted for as a change in estimate that is effected by a change in accounting principle. As such, we accounted for this change in methodology on a prospective basis beginning May 1, 2017, which will result in a benefit of approximately $4.3 in 2018.
During the first quarter of 2017, we announced our plans to harmonize our retirement benefits and freeze our non-union U.S. defined benefit pension plans by December 31, 2017. The amendments resulted in an immaterial net settlement loss and a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) of $25.2 at July 31, 2016. As a result of the plan changes that occurred at the end of calendar year 2017, we expect to realize additional future savings.
During the third quarter of 2018, we made additional contributions to the defined benefit pension plans of $20.0, and as a result, we anticipate total contributions to be $35.1 in 2018, of which the majority has been contributed as of January 31, 2018. The additional contribution was funded by the current year tax savings that resulted from the tax legislation that was enacted during the third quarter of 2018. For further details on the tax legislation changes, refer to Note 12: Income Taxes.
Note 10: Derivative Financial Instruments
We are exposed to market risks, such as changes in commodity prices, foreign currency exchange rates, and interest rates. To manage the volatility related to these exposures, we enter into various derivative transactions. We have policies in place that define acceptable instrument types we may enter into and establish controls to limit our market risk exposure.
In the second quarter of 2018, we early adopted ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures. For further details, refer to Note 2: Recently Issued Accounting Standards.
Commodity Price Management: We enter into commodity derivatives to manage price volatility and reduce the variability of future cash flows related to anticipated inventory purchases of key raw materials, notably green coffee, corn, soybean meal, edible oils, corn, wheat, and soybean meal.wheat. We also enter into commodity derivatives to manage price risk for energy input costs, including diesel fuel and natural gas. Our derivative instruments generally have maturities of less than one year.
We do not qualify commodity derivatives for hedge accounting treatment, and as a result, the derivative gains and losses are immediately recognized in earnings. Although we do not perform the assessments required to achieve hedge accounting for derivative positions, we believe all of our commodity derivatives are economic hedges of our risk exposure.
The commodities hedged have a high inverse correlation to price changes of the derivative instrument. Thus, we would expect that over time any gain or loss in the estimated fair value of the derivatives would generally be offset by an increase or decrease in the estimated fair value of the underlying exposures.

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Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Hedging: We utilize foreign currency derivatives to manage the effect of foreign currency exchange fluctuations on future cash payments primarily related to purchases of certain raw materials and finished goods. The

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contracts generally have maturities of less than one year. We do not qualify instruments used to manage foreign currency exchange exposures for hedge accounting treatment.
Interest Rate Hedging: We utilize derivative instruments to manage interest rate risk associated with anticipated debt transactions, as well as to manage changes in the fair value and cash flows of our long-term debt. Interest rate contracts mitigate the risk associated with the underlying hedged item. At the inception of thean interest rate contract, the instrument is evaluated and documented for qualifying hedge accounting treatment. If the contract is designated as a cash flow hedge, the mark-to-market gains or losses on the contract are deferred and included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified to interest expense in the period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. If the contract is designated as a fair value hedge, the contract is recognized at fair value on the balance sheet and changes in the fair value are recognized in interest expense. Generally, changes in the fair value of the contract are equal to changes in the fair value of the underlying debt and have no impact on earnings.
In June 2017, weWe entered into a treasury lock,interest rate contracts in November 2018 and June 2018, with a notional valuevalues of $300.0 and $500.0, respectively, to manage our exposure to interest rate volatility associated with anticipated debt financing in 2018. This2020. These interest rate contract wascontracts are designated as a cash flow hedge. In December 2017, concurrent with the pricing of the Senior Notes due December 15, 2027, we terminated the treasury lock prior to maturity. The termination resulted in a gain of $2.7, which was deferredhedges, and included as a componentresult, unrealized losses of $102.1 were deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and will be amortized as a reduction to interest expense over the life of the debt.at July 31, 2019.
In 2015, we terminated the interest rate swap on the 3.50 percent Senior Notes due October 15, 2021, which was designated as a fair value hedge and used to hedge against the changes in the fair value of the debt. As a result of the early termination, we received $58.1 in cash, which included $4.6 of accrued and prepaid interest. The gain on termination was deferredrecorded as an increase in the long-term debt balance and is being recognized over the remaining life of the underlying debt as a reduction ofto interest expense. To date, we have recognized $23.1,$35.0 of the gain, of which $2.0 and $5.9 was recognized during the three and nine months ended JanuaryJuly 31, 2018, respectively.2019. The remaining gain will be recognized as follows: $1.9$6.1 through the remainder of 2018, $8.0 in 2019, $8.1 in 2020, $8.4 in 2021, and $4.0 in 2022.
The following tables set forth the gross fair value amounts of derivative instruments recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
January 31, 2018July 31, 2019
Other
Current
Assets
 
Other
Current
Liabilities
 
Other
Noncurrent
Assets
 
Other
Noncurrent
Liabilities
Other
Current
Assets
 
Other
Current
Liabilities
 
Other
Noncurrent
Assets
 
Other
Noncurrent
Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:       
Interest rate contracts$—
 $102.1
 $—
 $—
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments$—
 $102.1
 $—
 $—
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:              
Commodity contracts$8.9
 $5.9
 $—
 $—
$5.9
 $13.3
 $—
 $—
Foreign currency exchange contracts0.1
 4.4
 0.1
 0.2
0.3
 0.5
 —
 —
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments$6.2
 $13.8
 $—
 $—
Total derivative instruments$9.0
 $10.3
 $0.1
 $0.2
$6.2
 $115.9
 $—
 $—
 April 30, 2019
 
Other
Current
Assets
 
Other
Current
Liabilities
 
Other
Noncurrent
Assets
 
Other
Noncurrent
Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:       
Interest rate contracts$—
 $49.1
 $—
 $—
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments$—
 $49.1
 $—
 $—
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:       
Commodity contracts$4.8
 $25.8
 $—
 $—
Foreign currency exchange contracts1.4
 0.2
 —
 —
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments$6.2
 $26.0
 $—
 $—
Total derivative instruments$6.2
 $75.1
 $—
 $—


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 April 30, 2017
 
Other
Current
Assets
 
Other
Current
Liabilities
 
Other
Noncurrent
Assets
 
Other
Noncurrent
Liabilities
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:       
Commodity contracts$5.2
 $21.2
 $—
 $—
Foreign currency exchange contracts3.2
 0.1
 —
 —
Total derivative instruments$8.4
 $21.3
 $—
 $—

We have elected to not offset fair value amounts recognized for our exchange-traded commodity derivative instruments and our cash margin accounts executed with the same counterparty that are generally subject to enforceable netting agreements. We are required to maintain cash margin accounts in connection with funding the settlement of our open positions. At JanuaryJuly 31, 20182019, and April 30, 2017,2019, we maintained cash margin account balances of $12.2$19.8 and $41.8,$40.7, respectively, included in other current assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The change in the cash margin account balances is included in other – net, investing activities in the Condensed Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows. In the event of default and immediate net settlement of all of our open positions with individual counterparties, all of our derivative liabilities would be fully offset by either our derivative asset positions or margin accounts based on the net asset or liability position with our individual counterparties.
During the three and nine months ended January 31, 2018, interest
Interest expense – net, as presented in the Condensed Statements of Consolidated Income, was $43.1$49.4 and $126.7,$53.6 for the three
months ended July 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Within interest expense, during both ofThe following table presents information on the three-month periods

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ended January 31, 2018pre-tax gains and 2017, welosses recognized pre-tax losses of $0.1 related to the termination of prioron interest rate contracts. Within interest expense, during both of the nine-month periods ended January 31, 2018 and 2017, we recognized $0.4 in pre-tax losses related to the termination of prior interest rate contracts. contracts designated as cash flow hedges.
 Three Months Ended July 31,
 2019 2018
Gains (losses) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)$(53.0) $2.6
Less: Gains (losses) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
   to interest expense

(0.1) (0.1)
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)$(52.9) $2.7

Included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at JanuaryJuly 31, 20182019, and April 30, 2017,2019, were deferred net pre-tax losses of $3.9$105.4 and $7.0,$52.5, respectively, related to the active and terminated interest rate contracts. The related net tax benefit recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) was $1.4 and $2.6 at JanuaryJuly 31, 20182019, and April 30, 2017,2019, was $24.2 and $12.1, respectively. Approximately $0.4$2.5 of the net pre-tax loss will be recognized over the next 12 months related to the active and terminated interest rate contracts.
The following table presents the net gains and losses recognized in cost of products sold on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments.
 Three Months Ended July 31,
 2019 2018
Gains (losses) on commodity contracts$12.6
 $(26.9)
Gains (losses) on foreign currency exchange contracts(1.0) 0.7
Total gains (losses) recognized in cost of products sold$11.6
 $(26.2)
 Three Months Ended January 31, Nine Months Ended January 31,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Gains (losses) on commodity contracts$(1.8) $6.4
 $0.7
 $(14.3)
Gains (losses) on foreign currency exchange contracts(4.9) (3.8) (10.1) 4.7
Total gains (losses) recognized in cost of products sold$(6.7) $2.6
 $(9.4) $(9.6)

Commodity and foreign currency exchange derivative gains and losses are reported in unallocated derivative gains and losses outside of segment operating results until the related inventory is sold. At that time, we reclassify the hedge gains and losses from unallocated derivative gains and losses to segment profit, allowing our segments to realize the economic effect of the hedge without experiencing any mark-to-market volatility. The following table presents the activity in unallocated derivative gains and losses.
 Three Months Ended July 31,
 2019 2018
Net gains (losses) on mark-to-market valuation of unallocated derivative positions

$11.6
 $(26.2)
Less: Net gains (losses) on derivative positions reclassified to segment operating profit(17.4) (4.2)
Unallocated derivative gains (losses)$29.0
 $(22.0)
 Three Months Ended January 31, Nine Months Ended January 31,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Net gains (losses) on mark-to-market valuation of
   unallocated derivative positions
$(6.7) $2.6
 $(9.4) $(9.6)
Less: Net gains (losses) on derivative positions
   reclassified to segment operating profit
(6.0) 1.8
 (31.0) (3.9)
Unallocated derivative gains (losses)$(0.7) $0.8
 $21.6
 $(5.7)

The net cumulative unallocated derivative losses were $23.5 and $52.5 at JanuaryJuly 31, 20182019, and April 30, 2017, were $14.0 and $35.6,2019, respectively.
The following table presents the gross contract notional value of outstanding derivative contracts.
 July 31, 2019 April 30, 2019
Commodity contracts$579.2
 $544.8
Foreign currency exchange contracts129.3
 144.9
Interest rate contracts800.0
 800.0


13

 January 31, 2018 April 30, 2017
Commodity contracts$533.1
 $704.9
Foreign currency exchange contracts144.1
 195.4
Table of Contents

Note 11: Other Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements
Financial instruments, other than derivatives, that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash investments, short-term borrowings, and trade receivables. The carrying value of these financial instruments approximates fair value. Our remaining financial instruments, with the exception of long-term debt, are recognized at estimated fair value in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The following table provides information on the carrying amounts and fair values of our financial instruments.
 July 31, 2019 April 30, 2019
 
Carrying
Amount
 Fair Value 
Carrying
Amount
 Fair Value
Marketable securities and other investments$40.9
 $40.9
 $40.9
 $40.9
Derivative financial instruments – net(109.7) (109.7) (68.9) (68.9)
Total long-term debt(5,484.3) (5,656.6) (5,484.8) (5,504.0)
 January 31, 2018 April 30, 2017
 
Carrying
Amount
 Fair Value 
Carrying
Amount
 Fair Value
Marketable securities and other investments$47.7
 $47.7
 $47.3
 $47.3
Derivative financial instruments – net(1.4) (1.4) (12.9) (12.9)
Long-term debt(4,688.5) (4,763.0) (4,944.5) (5,023.8)

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Valuation techniques are based on observable and unobservable inputs.

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Observable inputs reflect readily obtainable data from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions.
The following tables summarize the fair values and the levels within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall for our financial instruments.
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 Fair Value at January 31, 2018
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 Fair Value at July 31, 2019
Marketable securities and other investments: (A)
              
Equity mutual funds$10.4
 $—
 $—
 $10.4
$8.7
 $—
 $—
 $8.7
Municipal obligations—
 37.1
 —
 37.1
—
 31.9
 —
 31.9
Money market funds0.2
 —
 —
 0.2
0.3
 —
 —
 0.3
Derivative financial instruments: (B)
              
Commodity contracts – net3.2
 (0.2) —
 3.0
(7.3) (0.1) —
 (7.4)
Foreign currency exchange contracts – net(0.3) (4.1) —
 (4.4)(0.2) —
 —
 (0.2)
Long-term debt (C)
(4,763.0) —
 —
 (4,763.0)
Interest rate contracts—
 (102.1) —
 (102.1)
Total long-term debt (C)
(4,813.1) (843.5) —
 (5,656.6)
Total financial instruments measured at fair value$(4,749.5) $32.8
 $—
 $(4,716.7)$(4,811.6) $(913.8) $—
 $(5,725.4)
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Fair Value at
April 30, 2017
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Fair Value at
April 30, 2019
Marketable securities and other investments: (A)
              
Equity mutual funds$1.1
 $—
 $—
 $1.1
$8.7
 $—
 $—
 $8.7
Municipal obligations—
 34.7
 —
 34.7
—
 31.7
 —
 31.7
Money market funds11.5
 —
 —
 11.5
0.5
 —
 —
 0.5
Derivative financial instruments: (B)
              
Commodity contracts – net(15.8) (0.2) —
 (16.0)(20.7) (0.3) —
 (21.0)
Foreign currency exchange contracts – net0.3
 2.8
 —
 3.1
(0.1) 1.3
 —
 1.2
Long-term debt (C)
(4,473.2) (550.6) —
 (5,023.8)
Interest rate contracts—
 (49.1) —
 (49.1)
Total long-term debt (C)
(4,646.6) (857.4) —
 (5,504.0)
Total financial instruments measured at fair value$(4,476.1) $(513.3) $—
 $(4,989.4)$(4,658.2) $(873.8) $—
 $(5,532.0)
(A)
Marketable securities and other investments consist of funds maintained for the payment of benefits associated with nonqualified retirement plans. The funds include equity securities listed in active markets, municipal obligations valued by a third party using valuation techniques that utilize inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data, and money market funds with maturities of three months or less.less. Based on the short-term nature of these money market funds, carrying value approximates fair value. As of JanuaryJuly 31, 2018,2019, our municipal obligations are scheduled to mature as follows: $0.4 in 2018, $2.3 in 2019, $1.7$0.3 in 2020, $4.9$1.0 in 2021, and the remaining $27.8$1.6 in 2022, and beyond.

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$1.0 in 2023, and the remaining $28.0 in 2024 and beyond.
(B)
Level 1 commodity and foreign currency exchange derivatives are valued using quoted market prices for identical instruments in active markets. Level 2 commodity and foreign currency exchange derivatives are valued using quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets. The Level 2 interest rate contracts are valued using standard valuation techniques, the income approach, and observable Level 2 market expectations at the measurement date to convert future amounts to a single discounted present value. Level 2 inputs for the valuation of the interest rate contracts are limited to prices that are observable for the asset or liability. For additional information, see Note 10: Derivative Financial Instruments.Instruments.
(C)
Long-term debt is comprisedcomposed of public Senior Notes classified as Level 1 and the Term Loan classified as Level 2. The public Senior Notes are traded in an active secondary market and valued using quoted prices. The fair value of the Term Loan is based on the net present value of each interest and principal payment calculated utilizing an interest rate derived from an estimated yield curve obtained from independent pricing sources for similar types of term loan borrowing arrangements. In December 2017, the Term Loan was prepaid in full and the agreement was terminated. For additional information, see Note 8: Debt and Financing Arrangements.Arrangements.

16Note 12: Leases

TableWe lease certain warehouses, manufacturing facilities, office space, equipment, and vehicles, primarily through operating lease agreements. We have elected to not recognize leases with a term of Contents
12 months or less on the balance sheet. Instead, we recognize the related lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.


Furthermore,Although the majority of our right-of-use asset and lease liability balances consist of leases with renewal options, we recognized nonrecurring fairare not reasonably certain to exercise them, and, therefore, the optional periods do not impact the lease term. Certain leases also include termination provisions or options to purchase the leased property. Since we are not reasonably certain to exercise these types of options, minimum lease payments do not include any amounts related to these termination or purchase options. Our lease agreements generally do not contain residual value adjustmentsguarantees or restrictive covenants that are material.

We determine if an agreement is or contains a lease at inception by evaluating whether an identified asset exists that we control over the term of $176.9the arrangement. A lease commences when the lessor makes the identified asset available for our use. We generally account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. Minimum lease payments do not include variable lease payments other than those that depend on an index or rate.

For the majority of our leases, the interest rate implicit in the lease cannot be readily determined, so we utilize our incremental borrowing rate to present value lease payments using information available at the lease commencement date. We consider our credit rating and the current economic environment in determining this collateralized rate. For the initial implementation of the lease standard, the incremental borrowing rate at May 1, 2019, was used to calculate all operating lease liabilities.

As of July 31, 2019, we have entered into lease commitments related to two distribution centers for which the leases had not yet commenced as of that date. One of the leases will begin during the second quarter of 2020, and we anticipate that the other will begin during the third quarter of 2018, of which $145.02020. Upon commencement, we expect to recognize aggregate right-of-use assets and $31.9 related to the goodwill of the Pet Foods reporting unit and certain indefinite-lived trademarks within the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment, respectively. During the third quarter of 2017, we recognized a nonrecurring fair value adjustment of $75.7, which was related to the impairment of certain indefinite-lived trademarks in the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment. These adjustments were included as noncash charges in our Condensed Statements of Consolidated Income. We utilized Level 3 inputs based on management’s best estimates and assumptions to estimate the fair value of the reporting unit and indefinite-lived trademarks. For additional information, see Note 7: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.
Note 12: Income Taxes
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted “An Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Titles II and V of the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2018” (the “Act”), which is commonly referred to as “The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act”. The Act provides for comprehensive tax legislation that reduces the U.S. federal statutory corporate tax rate from 35.0 percent to 21.0 percent effective January 1, 2018, broadens the U.S. federal income tax base, requires companies to pay a one-time repatriation tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred (“transition tax”), and creates new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings. As we have an April 30 fiscal year-end, the lower corporate income tax rate is administratively phased in, resulting in a blended U.S. federal statutory tax ratelease liabilities of approximately 30.4 percent for our fiscal year ending April 30, 2018, and 21.0 percent for our fiscal years thereafter.
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 (“SAB 118”), expressing its views regarding the FASB's Accounting Standards Codification 740, Income Taxes, in the reporting period that includes the enactment date of the Act. SAB 118 recognizes that a registrant’s review of certain income tax effects of the Act may be incomplete at the time financial statements are issued for the reporting period that includes the enactment date, including interim periods therein. Specifically, SAB 118 allows a company to report provisional estimates in the reporting period that includes the enactment date if the company does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or fully analyzed for certain income tax effects of the Act. The provisional estimates would be adjusted during a measurement period not to exceed 12 months from the enactment date of the Act, at which time the accounting for the income tax effects of the Act is required to be completed.
As of January 31, 2018, we have not completed our accounting for the income tax effects of the enactment of the Act; however, we have made a reasonable estimate of the effects on our existing deferred tax balances and the one-time transition tax.
In addition to the estimates further described below, we also used assumptions and estimates that may change as a result of future guidance and interpretation from the Internal Revenue Service, the SEC, the FASB and various other taxing jurisdictions. In particular, we anticipate that the U.S. state jurisdictions will continue to determine and announce their conformity or decoupling from the Act, either in its entirety or with respect to specific provisions. All of these potential legislative and interpretive actions could result in adjustments to our provisional estimates when the accounting for the income tax effects of the Act is completed.
Accordingly, our income tax provision as of January 31, 2018, reflects the current year impacts of the Act on the estimated annual effective tax rate, and the following provisional estimates of our discrete adjustments resulting directly from the enactment of the Act based on information available, prepared, or analyzed to date in reasonable detail.
(Provisional amounts recorded)Three Months Ended January 31, 2018
Net impact on U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities$(791.9)
Transition tax26.1
Net impact of discrete adjustments$(765.8)
The provisional net benefit amount of $765.8 from the discrete adjustments is included as a component of income tax expense (benefit) in the Condensed Statement of Consolidated Income.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities: We remeasured our existing U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future, of which the federal component is approximately 30.4 percent for reversals expected in 2018 and 21.0 percent thereafter. The provisional amount recorded related to the remeasurement of our deferred tax balance is a benefit of $791.9. We determined that the calculation cannot be completed until all of the underlying timing differences as of April 30, 2018, are known, rather than estimated at January 31, 2018. Furthermore, we are still analyzing

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certain aspects of the Act and refining our calculations, which could potentially affect the measurement of these balances or potentially give rise to new or additional deferred tax amounts.
Foreign tax effects: The transition tax is based on our total post-1986 earnings and profits which were previously deferred from U.S. income taxes. We recorded a provisional income tax expense of $26.1 for the transition tax for our foreign subsidiaries, and determined that the transition tax is provisional because numerous components of the computation are estimated as of January 31, 2018. Consistent with provisions allowed in the Act, the $26.1 estimated transition tax liability will be paid over an eight-year period beginning in 2018. The amount of the estimated transition tax liability expected to be paid within the next 12 months has been included in other current liabilities, with the remainder included in other noncurrent liabilities$40.0 in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The following table sets forth the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
 July 31, 2019
Operating lease right-of-use assets$149.2
Operating lease liabilities: 
Current operating lease liabilities$43.2
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities112.9
Total operating lease liabilities$156.1
  
Finance lease right-of-use assets: 
Machinery and equipment$12.1
Accumulated depreciation(6.1)
Total property, plant, and equipment$6.0
Finance lease liabilities: 
Other current liabilities$2.5
Other noncurrent liabilities3.7
Total finance lease liabilities$6.2


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The following table summarizes the components of lease expense.
 Three Months Ended July 31, 2019
Operating lease cost$12.4
Finance lease cost: 
Amortization of right-of-use assets0.8
Interest on lease liabilities0.1
Variable lease cost6.3
Short-term lease cost7.7
Sublease income(0.8)
Net lease cost$26.5

The following table sets forth cash flow and noncash information related to leases.
 Three Months Ended July 31, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: 
Operating cash flows from operating leases$13.1
Operating cash flows from finance leases0.1
Financing cash flows from finance leases0.7
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities: 
Operating leases—
Finance leases0.5

The following table summarizes the maturity of our lease liabilities by fiscal year.
 July 31, 2019
 Operating Leases Finance Leases
2020 (remainder of the year)$36.7
 $2.1
202140.0
 1.9
202233.0
 1.3
202326.7
 0.5
202413.5
 0.3
2025 and beyond18.5
 0.4
Total undiscounted minimum lease payments$168.4
 $6.5
Less: Imputed interest12.3
 0.3
Lease liabilities$156.1
 $6.2


As of January 31, 2018,April 30, 2019, our minimum operating lease obligations were as follows: $43.0 in 2020, $36.7 in 2021, $30.5 in 2022, $24.8 in 2023, and $12.3 in 2024.
The following table sets forth the undistributed earningsweighted average remaining lease term and discount rate.
July 31, 2019
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years):
Operating leases4.5
Finance leases3.4
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases3.2%
Finance leases3.3%


16

Table of our foreign subsidiaries continue to be permanently reinvested and we do not intend to repatriate any of the amounts. As a result, no additional income or withholding taxes have been provided for, outside of the transition tax, for the undistributed earnings or any additional outside basis differences inherent in the foreign entities.Contents
We continue to review the anticipated impacts of the global intangible low taxed income (“GILTI”) and base erosion anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”), which are not effective until May 1, 2018. We have not recorded any impact associated with either GILTI or BEAT in the tax rate during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2018.
During the three and nine months ended January 31, 2018, we revised our estimated annual effective tax rate to reflect the change in the federal statutory rate resulting from the legislation that was enacted. Note 13: Income Taxes

The effective tax rates of (616.6) percent and (93.1) percent for the three and nine months ended JanuaryJuly 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, varied from the U.S. statutory rate of 30.4were 25.2 and 23.2 percent, primarily due to the favorable discrete impacts that resulted from the enactment of the Act, the impact of the lower blended rate on current year earnings, and the domestic manufacturing deduction, offset by additional income tax expense related to the goodwill impairment charge and state income taxes.
respectively. During the three and nine months ended JanuaryJuly 31, 2017,2019 and 2018, the effective tax rate varied from the U.S. statutory income tax rate of 35.021.0 percent primarily due to the domestic manufacturing deduction, offset byimpact of state income taxes. The effective tax rate for the three months ended July 31, 2018, was favorably impacted by a deferred tax benefit from the Ainsworth acquisition.

Within the next 12 months, it is reasonably possible that we could decrease our unrecognized tax benefits by an additional $4.5,$2.8, primarily as a result of expiring statute of limitations periods.


18As of July 31, 2019, the undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries remain permanently reinvested.

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Note 13:14: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), including the reclassification adjustments for items that are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net income, are shown below.
Foreign
Currency
Translation
Adjustment
 
Net Gains (Losses)
on Cash Flow
Hedging
Derivatives (A)
 
Pension and
Other
Postretirement
Liabilities (B)
 
Unrealized 
Gain (Loss)
on Available-
for-Sale
Securities
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Foreign
Currency
Translation
Adjustment
 
Net Gains (Losses)
on Cash Flow
Hedging
Derivatives (A)
 
Pension and
Other
Postretirement
Liabilities (B)
 
Unrealized 
Gain (Loss)
on Available-
for-Sale
Securities
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Balance at May 1, 2017$(43.0) $(4.4) $(100.0) $4.0
 $(143.4)
Balance at May 1, 2019$(35.5) $(40.4) $(110.0) $4.1
 $(181.8)
Reclassification adjustments—
 0.4
 8.0
 —
 8.4
—
 0.1
 1.4
 —
 1.5
Current period credit (charge)43.8
 2.7
 2.0
 (0.4) 48.1
4.5
 (53.0) —
 0.4
 (48.1)
Income tax benefit (expense)—
 (1.2) (3.2) 0.2
 (4.2)—
 12.1
 (0.3) (0.1) 11.7
Balance at January 31, 2018$0.8
 $(2.5) $(93.2) $3.8
 $(91.1)
Balance at July 31, 2019$(31.0) $(81.2) $(108.9) $4.4
 $(216.7)
Foreign
Currency
Translation
Adjustment
 
Net Gains (Losses)
on Cash Flow
Hedging
Derivatives (A)
 
Pension and
Other
Postretirement
Liabilities (B)
 
Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
on Available-
for-Sale
Securities
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Foreign
Currency
Translation
Adjustment
 
Net Gains (Losses)
on Cash Flow
Hedging
Derivatives (A)
 
Pension and
Other
Postretirement
Liabilities (B)
 
Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
on Available-
for-Sale
Securities
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Balance at May 1, 2016$(13.1) $(4.8) $(134.1) $3.6
 $(148.4)
Balance at May 1, 2018$(16.4) $(2.9) $(101.0) $3.6
 $(116.7)
Reclassification adjustments—
 0.4
 11.3
 —
 11.7
—
 0.1
 2.2
 —
 2.3
Current period credit (charge)(17.2) —
 18.8
 (0.6) 1.0
(6.1) 2.6
 —
 0.4
 (3.1)
Income tax benefit (expense)—
 (0.1) (10.8) 0.2
 (10.7)—
 (0.6) (0.6) (0.1) (1.3)
Balance at January 31, 2017$(30.3) $(4.5) $(114.8) $3.2
 $(146.4)
Balance at July 31, 2018$(22.5) $(0.8) $(99.4) $3.9
 $(118.8)
(A)
The reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to interest expense was related to the termination of priorterminated interest rate contracts. The current period credit (charge) relates to the gainunrealized gains (losses) on the interest rate contract terminatedcontracts entered into in December 2017.November 2018 and June 2018. For additional information, see Note 10: Derivative Financial Instruments.Instruments.
(B)Amortization of net losses and prior service costs was reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to selling, distribution, and administrative expenses.other income (expense) – net.
Note 14:15: Contingencies

We, like other food manufacturers, are from time to time subject to various administrative, regulatory, and other legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. We are currently a defendant in a variety of such legal proceedings. Weproceedings, including certain lawsuits related to the alleged price-fixing of shelf stable tuna products prior to 2011 by a business previously owned by, but divested prior to our acquisition of, Big Heart Pet Brands, the significant majority of which were settled and paid during the second half of 2019. While we cannot predict with certainty the ultimate results of these proceedings or reasonably determine a range of potential loss. Our policy is to accruesettlements associated with these or other matters, we have accrued losses for certain contingent liabilities when such liabilitiesthat we have determined are probable and amounts can be reasonably estimated.estimable at July 31, 2019. Based on the information known to date, with the exception of the matter discussed below, we do not believe the final outcome of these proceedings willwould have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

On May 9, 2011, an organization named Council for Education and Research on Toxics (“Plaintiff” or “CERT”) filed a lawsuit in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Los Angeles, against us and additional defendants who manufacture, package, distribute, or sell packaged coffee. The lawsuit is CERT v. Brad Barry LLC, et al., and was a tag along to a 2010 lawsuit against companies selling “ready-to-drink” coffee based on the same claims. Both cases have since been consolidated

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and now include nearly eighty defendants, which constitute the great majority of the coffee industry in California. The Plaintiff alleges that we and the other defendants failed to provide warnings for our coffee products of exposure to the chemical acrylamide as required under California Health and Safety Code Section 25249.5, the California Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (better known as“Proposition 65”). The Plaintiff seeks equitable relief, including providing warnings to consumers of coffee products, as well as civil penalties in the amount of the statutory maximum of $2,500.00 per day per violation of Proposition 65. The Plaintiff asserts that every consumed cup of coffee, absent a compliant warning, is equivalent to a violation under Proposition 65.
As part of a joint defense group organized to defend against the lawsuit, we dispute the claims of the Plaintiff. Acrylamide is not added to coffee but is inherently present in all coffee in small amounts (measured in parts per billion) as a byproduct of the coffee bean roasting process. We have asserted multiple affirmative defenses. Trial of the first phase of the case commenced on September 8, 2014, and was limited to three affirmative defenses shared by all defendants. On September 1, 2015, the trial court issued a final ruling adverse to the defendants on all Phase 1 defenses. Trial of the second phase of the case commenced in the fall of calendar year 2017. On March 28, 2018, the trial court issued a proposed ruling adverse to the defendants on the Phase 2 defense, our last remaining defense to liability. The trial court finalized and affirmed its Phase 2 ruling on May 7, 2018, and therefore, the trial on the third phase regarding remedies issues was scheduled to commence on October 15, 2018. The trial did not proceed on the scheduled date as further described below.

On June 15, 2018, the state agency responsible for administering the Proposition 65 program, the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (“OEHHA”), issued a proposed regulation clarifying that cancer warnings are not required for coffee under Proposition 65. The California Court of Appeals granted defendants’ requests to stay the trial on remedies until a final determination was made on OEHHA’s proposed regulation. The California Office of Administrative Law approved the proposed regulation on June 3, 2019, and the regulation will go into effect on October 1, 2019, which should result in the dismissal of this case. However, prior to the approval of the proposed regulation, CERT challenged the authority of OEHHA to propose the regulation. Considering the regulation is final, we expect this challenge to continue. At this stage of the proceedings, prior to and without knowing whether the trial on remedies issues will move forward in light of the challenge, we are unable to predict or reasonably estimate the potential loss or effect on our operations. Accordingly, no loss contingency has been recorded for this matter as of July 31, 2019, as the likelihood of loss is not considered probable or estimable. The trial court has discretion to impose zero penalties against us or to impose significant statutory penalties if the case proceeds. Significant labeling or warning requirements that could potentially be imposed by the trial court may increase our costs and adversely affect sales of our coffee products, as well as involve substantial expense and operational disruption, which could have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Furthermore, a future appellate court decision could reverse the trial court rulings. The outcome and the financial impact of settlement, the trial, or the appellate court rulings of the case, if any, cannot be predicted at this time.
Note 15:16: Common Shares
The following table sets forth common share information.
 July 31, 2019 April 30, 2019
Common shares authorized300.0
 300.0
Common shares outstanding114.0
 113.7
Treasury shares32.5
 32.8

 January 31, 2018 April 30, 2017
Common shares authorized300.0
 300.0
Common shares outstanding113.6
 113.4
Treasury shares32.9
 33.1
Repurchase Program: During the three months ended July 31, 2019 and 2018, we did not repurchase any common shares under a repurchase plan authorized by the Board of Directors (the “Board”). Share repurchases during the first ninethree months ofended July 31, 2019 and 2018, consisted of shares repurchased from stock plan recipients in lieu of cash payments. We did not repurchase any common shares during the first nine months of 2018 under a repurchase plan authorized by the Board of Directors (the “Board”). At JanuaryJuly 31, 2018,2019, we had approximately 3.6 million common shares available for repurchase pursuant to the Board's authorizations.


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Note 16: Guarantor and Non-Guarantor Financial Information
In September 2017, we terminated the revolving credit facility that was entered into in September 2013, and as a result, the guarantees provided by the subsidiary guarantors were released. In addition, the subsidiary guarantors are not guarantors under the new $1.8 billion revolving credit facility entered into in September 2017. As a result, the guarantees of the subsidiary guarantors, in respect to the obligations under the Term Loan and all of our outstanding Senior Notes, were released in accordance with the terms of the amended Term Loan agreement and the indentures governing such notes, as applicable. As the Senior Notes were not guaranteed as of January 31, 2018, the condensed consolidated financial statements are not provided for the subsidiary guarantors. For additional information, see Note 8: Debt and Financing Arrangements.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
(Dollars and shares in millions, unless otherwise noted, except per share datadata)
This discussion and analysis deals with comparisons of material changes in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three-monththree months ended July 31, 2019 and nine-month periods ended January 31, 2018 and 2017.2018. All comparisons presented are to the corresponding period of the prior year, unless otherwise noted.
On May 14, 2018, we acquired the stock of Ainsworth in an all-cash transaction, which was funded by debt and valued at $1.9 billion. Ainsworth was a leading producer, distributor, and marketer of premium pet food and pet snacks, predominantly within the U.S. Annual cost synergies of approximately $55.0 are expected to be fully realized by the end of 2021, most of which will be achieved by the end of 2020. As of July 31, 2019, we have realized total cumulative synergies of $37.5.

On August 31, 2018, we sold our U.S. baking business to Brynwood Partners VII L.P. and Brynwood Partners VIII L.P., subsidiaries of Brynwood Partners, an unrelated party. The transaction included products that were primarily sold in U.S. retail channels under the Pillsbury, Martha White, Hungry Jack, White Lily,and Jim Dandy brands, along with all relevant trademarks and licensing agreements, and our manufacturing facility in Toledo, Ohio. This business generated net sales of approximately $370.0 in 2018, primarily in the U.S. Retail Consumer Foods segment. The transaction did not include our baking business in Canada.
We are the owner of all trademarks referenced herein, except for the following, which are used under license: Pillsbury, the Barrelhead logo, and the Doughboy character are trademarks of The Pillsbury Company, LLC; Carnation®Rachael Ray is a registered trademark of Société des Produits Nestlé S.A.; Ray Marks II LLC; and Dunkin’ Donuts is a registered trademark of DD IP Holder, LLC; Sweet’N Low®, NatraTaste®, Sugar In The Raw®, and the other “In The Raw” trademarks are registered trademarks of Cumberland Packing Corp. and its affiliates; and Douwe Egberts® and Pickwick® are registered trademarks of Jacobs Douwe Egberts.
LLC. Dunkin’ Donuts brand is licensed to us for packaged coffee products, including K-Cup® pods, sold in retail channels such as grocery stores, mass merchandisers, club stores, and drug stores. Information in this document does not pertain to Dunkin’ Donuts coffee or other products for sale in Dunkin’ Donuts restaurants. K-Cup® is a trademark of Keurig Green Mountain, Inc., used with permission.
Results of Operations
Three Months Ended January 31, Nine Months Ended January 31,Three Months Ended July 31,
2018 2017 % Increase (Decrease) 2018 2017 % Increase (Decrease)2019 2018 % Increase (Decrease)
Net sales$1,903.3
 $1,878.8
 1 % $5,575.8
 $5,608.5
 (1)%$1,778.9
 $1,902.5
 (6)%
Gross profit$728.5
 $722.9
 1
 $2,145.6
 $2,188.5
 (2)$699.6
 $678.2
 3
% of net sales38.3% 38.5% 

 38.5% 39.0%  39.3% 35.6%  
Operating income$162.7
 $237.7
 (32) $727.2
 $834.8
 (13)$257.6
 $226.9
 14
% of net sales8.5% 12.7%   13.0% 14.9%  14.5% 11.9%  
Net income:                
Net income$831.3
 $134.6
 n/m
 $1,152.7
 $481.9
 139
$154.6
 $133.0
 16
Net income per common share –
assuming dilution
$7.32
 $1.16
 n/m
 $10.15
 $4.14
 145
$1.36
 $1.17
 16
Adjusted gross profit (A)
$731.5
 $722.6
 1
 $2,127.9
 $2,199.0
 (3)$670.6
 $700.2
 (4)
% of net sales38.4% 38.5%   38.2% 39.2%  37.7% 36.8%  
Adjusted operating income (A)
$399.8
 $382.8
 4
 $1,083.5
 $1,143.0
 (5)$290.7
 $317.1
 (8)
% of net sales21.0% 20.4%   19.4% 20.4%  16.3% 16.7%  
Adjusted income: (A)
                
Income$283.7
 $232.8
 22
 $684.8
 $689.2
 (1)$179.7
 $202.4
 (11)
Earnings per share – assuming dilution$2.50
 $2.00
 25
 $6.03
 $5.92
 2
$1.58
 $1.78
 (11)
(A)We use non-GAAP financial measures to evaluate our performance. Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in this discussion and analysis for a reconciliation to the comparable GAAP financial measure.
Net sales increased 1 percent in the third quarter of 2018, driven by gains within the U.S. Retail Coffee and U.S. Retail Pet Foods segments. The overall net sales increase was driven by the favorable impacts of volume/mix and foreign currency exchange. Operating income decreased 32 percent, primarily due to the impact of a $176.9 noncash impairment charge recognized in the current quarter, while the prior year included a $75.7 noncash impairment charge. The increase in impairment charges was slightly offset by a reduction in special project costs. Net income per diluted share increased $6.16, reflecting a substantial nonrecurring income tax benefit related to new tax legislation enacted during the third quarter and the benefit of a decrease in weighted-average common shares outstanding as a result of our share repurchase activities during the fourth quarter of 2017.
Our non-GAAP adjustments include amortization expense and impairment charges related to intangible assets, integration and restructuring costs, unallocated gains and losses on commodity and foreign currency exchange derivatives, and, beginning in the third quarter of 2018, certain one-time discrete tax adjustments. Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in this discussion and analysis for further information. Operating income excluding non-GAAP adjustments (“adjusted operating income”) increased 4 percent in the third quarter of 2018. Income per diluted share excluding non-GAAP adjustments (“adjusted earnings per share”) increased 25 percent, with the primary difference from the change in GAAP results being the


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exclusion of a net benefit of $765.8 related to our discrete tax adjustments resulting from the new tax legislation as well as the impairment charges.
Net sales decreased 1 percent in the first nine months of 2018, reflecting declines within the U.S. Retail Consumer Foods and U.S. Retail Coffee segments, partially offset by gains in the U.S. Retail Pet Food and International and Away From Home segments. The overall net sales decline was driven by unfavorable volume/mix, which was partially offset by higher net price realization in the current year. Operating income decreased 13 percent, primarily due to the increase in impairment charges and reduced gross profit, mainly driven by the U.S. Retail Coffee segment, partially offset by a reduction in special project costs. Net income per diluted share increased $6.01, reflecting the benefits related to our discrete tax adjustments of $765.8 and the decrease in weighted-average common shares outstanding as a result of our share repurchase activities during the fourth quarter of 2017.
Adjusted operating income decreased 5 percent in the first nine months of 2018. Adjusted earnings per share increased 2 percent, with the primary difference from the change in GAAP results being the exclusion of the benefits related to our discrete tax adjustments, a favorable change in the impact of unallocated derivative gains and losses as compared to the prior year, and lower special project costs. The increase in impairment charges was also excluded from our non-GAAP results.

Net Sales

Net sales in the third quarter of 2018 increased $24.5, or 1 percent. Favorable volume/mix increased net sales by 1 percentage point, primarily driven by growth in pet food and coffee, partially offset by a decline in oils. Net price realization slightly offset some of the volume/mix gains, driven by lower net pricing within pet food. Favorable foreign currency exchange contributed $5.8
 Three Months Ended July 31,
 2019 2018 
Increase
(Decrease)
 %
Net sales$1,778.9
 $1,902.5
 $(123.6) (6)%
Ainsworth acquisition(25.4) —
 (25.4) (1)
Baking divestiture—
 (73.1) 73.1
 4
Foreign currency exchange1.8
 —
 1.8
 —
Net sales excluding acquisition, divestiture, and foreign currency exchange (A)
$1,755.3
 $1,829.4
 $(74.1) (4)%
Amounts may not add due to net sales.rounding.
(A)Net sales excluding acquisition, divestiture, and foreign currency exchange is a non-GAAP financial measure used to evaluate performance internally. This measure provides useful information because it enables comparison of results on a year-over-year basis.
Net sales in the first nine monthsquarter of 20182020 decreased $32.7,$123.6, or 16 percent, reflecting $73.1 of net sales in the prior year related to the U.S. baking business, which was divested during the second quarter of 2019, partially offset by incremental net sales in the current year of $25.4 related to the Ainsworth acquisition. Net sales excluding acquisition, divestiture, and foreign currency exchange decreased $74.1, or 4 percent. This reflected a 13 percentage point impact from unfavorable volume/mix. This wasmix, primarily driven by declines in the oilsfor private label pet food offerings and baking categoriescoffee. Lower net price realization impacted net sales by
1 percentage point, due to lower pricing for coffee and coffee, which werepeanut butter, partially offset by gains in pet food. Net price realization contributed 1 percentage point to net sales, as higher net pricing for the Smucker's brand, peanut butter, coffee, and oils was partially offset by lower net pricing for pet food and pet snacks.
Operating Income
The following table presents the components of operating income as a percentage of net sales.
Three Months Ended January 31, Nine Months Ended January 31,Three Months Ended July 31,
2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018
Gross profit38.3% 38.5% 38.5% 39.0%39.3% 35.6%
Selling, distribution, and administrative expenses:          
Marketing5.4% 5.2% 6.0% 5.8%7.5% 7.4%
Selling2.9
 3.2
 3.4
 3.4
3.9
 3.5
Distribution3.3
 3.3
 3.2
 3.3
3.6
 3.5
General and administrative5.9
 6.2
 6.1
 6.3
6.5
 5.8
Total selling, distribution, and administrative expenses17.4% 17.9% 18.7% 18.8%21.4% 20.1%
       
Amortization2.7
 2.8
 2.8
 2.8
3.3
 3.2
Impairment charges9.3
 4.0
 3.2
 1.3
Other special project costs0.3
 1.0
 0.8
 1.2
0.2
 0.4
Other operating expense (income) – net—
 0.1
 —
 —
Operating income8.5% 12.7% 13.0% 14.9%14.5% 11.9%
Amounts may not add due to rounding.


Gross profit increased $5.6,$21.4, or 13 percent, in the thirdfirst quarter of 2018, reflecting2020, primarily driven by a favorable net impact of lower prices and lower costs and the noncomparable benefit of Ainsworth, partially offset by unfavorable volume/mix and the impact of the U.S. baking business divestiture. The favorable net impact of price and cost was mostly driven by a favorable change in the impact of derivative gains and losses. Operating income increased $30.7, or 14 percent, primarily relateddue to coffee. Selling,higher gross profit, a $4.4 decrease in special project costs, and a $2.8 decrease in selling, distribution, and administrative (“SD&A”) expenses decreased $5.3, driven by benefits from our cost savings initiativesexpenses. 

Our non-GAAP adjustments include amortization expense and lower selling expense, which more than offset an increase in marketing expense. Operating income decreased $75.0, or 32 percent, primarily reflecting a $176.9 noncash impairment charge associated with the goodwillcharges related to intangible assets, integration and certain indefinite-lived trademarks within the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment, while the prior year included a $75.7 noncash impairment charge. For further informationrestructuring costs, and unallocated gains and losses on these charges, refercommodity and foreign currency exchange derivatives. Refer to “Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies”“Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in this discussion and analysis. A $10.6 reduction in special project costs also contributed to the change in operating income.

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analysis for further information. Gross profit excluding non-GAAP adjustments (“adjusted gross profit”) increased $8.9,decreased $29.6, or 14 percent, in the thirdfirst quarter of 2018. Adjusted operating income increased $17.0, or 4 percent,2020, with the primary difference from the change in GAAP results being the exclusion of the impairment charges and special project costs.
Gross profit decreased $42.9, or 2 percent, in the first nine months of 2018, mainly driven by the U.S. Retail Coffee segment. The overall decline was primarily due to unfavorable volume/mix, partially offset by a net favorable impact of higher pricing and costs. SD&A expenses decreased $13.3, driven by benefits from our cost savings initiatives. Special project costs decreased $25.3, primarily due to a reduction in integration costs, partially offset by an increase in restructuring costs in the current year. Operating income decreased $107.6, or 13 percent, reflecting the increase in impairment charges.
Adjusted gross profit decreased $71.1, or 3 percent, in the first nine months of 2018, while adjusted operating income decreased $59.5, or 5 percent. The primary difference from the change in GAAP results was the exclusion of the impairment charges, the $27.3 favorable change in the impact of unallocated derivative gains and losses, which resulted in a $51.0 favorable change as compared to the prior year. Operating income excluding non-GAAP adjustments (“adjusted operating income”) decreased $26.4, or 8 percent, further reflecting the exclusion of special project costs.


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Interest Expense
Net interest expense decreased $4.2, or 8 percent, in the first quarter of 2020, primarily as a result of reduced debt, as compared to the prior year, and special project costs.
due to repayments made during the last twelve months.
Income Taxes
On December 22, 2017,
Income taxes increased 30 percent in the U.S. government enacted “An Actfirst quarter of 2020, due to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Titles IIthe increase in income before income taxes and V of the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2018” (the “Act”). The Act provides for comprehensive tax legislation that reduces the U.S. federal statutory corporatea higher effective tax rate from 35.0of 25.2 percent, compared to 21.023.2 percent in the first quarter of 2019. During the current year and the prior year, the effective January 1, 2018, broadenstax rate varied from the U.S. federal income tax base, requires companies to pay a one-time repatriation tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred (“transition tax”), and creates new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings. As we have an April 30 fiscal year-end, the lower corporate income tax rate is administratively phased in, resulting in a blended U.S. federal statutory tax rate of approximately 30.4 percent for our fiscal year ending April 30, 2018, and 21.0 percent, for our fiscal years thereafter.
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) has issued rules to allow a measurement period of up to 12 months following the enactment of the Act for registrants to finalize their accounting for the related income tax effects. As of January 31, 2018, we have not completed our accounting for the income tax effects of the enactment of the Act; however, we have made a reasonable estimate of the effects on our existing deferred tax balances and the one-time transition tax. Accordingly, our income tax provision as of January 31, 2018, reflects the current year impacts of the Act on the estimated annual effective tax rate and provisional estimates of our discrete adjustments resulting directly from the enactment of the Act based on information available, prepared, or analyzed to date in reasonable detail.
The income tax benefit of $715.3 and $555.9 for the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively, reflects a net benefit of $765.8 related to our discrete adjustments resulting directly from the Act, slightly offset by additional income tax expense relatedprimarily due to the Pet Foods reporting unit goodwill impairment charge. Income tax expense was $63.0 and $234.6 for the third quarter and first nine monthsimpact of 2017, respectively. As a result of the new legislation, we anticipate anstate income taxes. The effective tax rate for the fourth quarter of 2018 of approximately 28.0 percent. Within our calculations of the incomeprior year was favorably impacted by a deferred tax effects of the Act, we used assumptions and estimates that may change as a result of future guidance and interpretationbenefit from the Internal Revenue Service, the SEC, the Financial Accounting Standards Board and/or various other taxing jurisdictions. In particular, we anticipate that the U.S. state jurisdictions will continue to determine and announce their conformity or decoupling from the Act, either in its entirety or with respect to specific provisions. All of these potential legislative and interpretive actions could result in adjustments to any of the provisional estimates when the accounting for the income tax effects of the Act is completed.
Ainsworth acquisition. We anticipate that thea full-year effective tax rate for 2020 in 2019 and in future years will be favorably impacted by the lower federal statutory corporate tax raterange of 21.0 percent, offset24.5 to some extent by the base broadening changes, such as the elimination of the domestic manufacturing deduction.25.0 percent. For further information, refer to
Note 12:13: Income Taxes.Taxes.
Integration Activities
Total one-timeWe expect to incur approximately $50.0 in total integration costs related to the Ainsworth acquisition, the majority of Big Heart Pet Brands (“Big Heart”)which are anticipatedexpected to be cash charges. Of the total anticipated integration costs, we expect approximately $290.0 and willhalf to be incurred through 2018. These costs primarily consist of employee-related costs, outside service and consulting costs, and other costs related to the acquisition.employee-related. We have incurred total cumulative integration costs of $269.0 related to the integration$35.4, of Big Heart, including $4.8 and $23.7which $3.3 was incurred in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively. We have fully realized our goal of $200.0 in annual synergies.

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Restructuring Activities
An organization optimization program was approved by the Board of Directors during the fourth quarter of 2016. Under this program, we identified opportunities2020. All remaining integration costs are expected to reduce costs and optimize the organization, which we expect to achievebe incurred by the end of 2018. Related projects include an organizational redesign2020. For further information, refer to Note 4: Integration and the optimization of our manufacturing footprint. During 2017, we exited two leased facilities in Livermore, California, and consolidated all ancient grains and pasta production into our facility in Chico, California. We consolidated all of our coffee produced at our Harahan, Louisiana, facility into one of our facilities in New Orleans, Louisiana, which was completed during the third quarter of 2018. The organization optimization program is nearly complete and has resulted in total headcount reductions of approximately 275 full-time positions.
Upon completion of this program in 2018, total restructuring costs related to the program are expected to be approximately $45.0, of which the majority represents employee-related costs, while the remainder primarily consists of site preparation, equipment relocation, and production start-up costs at the impacted facilities. We have incurred total cumulative restructuring costs of $42.5, $22.6 of which was incurred during 2018, including $3.1 in the third quarter.
We expect to achieve approximately $50.0 of annual cost reductions related to our organization optimization program, mainly during 2018, and plan to invest these savings in our businesses.
Cost Management Program
In addition to our organization optimization program, we announced a separate cost management program during the fourth quarter of 2017, which is comprised of several cost reduction initiatives, including SKU rationalization, revenue growth management, and our Right Spend zero-based budgeting initiative. We expect to realize approximately $200.0 of cost reductions annually by the end of 2020 as a result of these initiatives.Restructuring Costs.
Segment Results
We have four reportable segments: U.S. Retail Pet Foods, U.S. Retail Coffee, U.S. Retail Consumer Foods, U.S. Retail Pet Foods, and International and Away From Home. DuringThe U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment primarily includes the second quarterdomestic sales of 2018, we addedRachael Ray Nutrish,Meow Mix, Milk-Bone, Natural Balance, Kibbles ’n Bits, 9Lives, Nature’s Recipe, and Pup-Peroni branded products; the International and Away From Home reportable segment, as a single segment manager was named to oversee the entire operating segment. Prior year segment results have not been modified, as the new reportable segment represents the previously reported combination of the International and Away From Home strategic business areas, which were previously managed separately and not individually significant.
The U.S. Retail Coffee segment primarily includes the domestic sales of Folgers,Dunkin’ Donuts, andCafé Bustelo branded coffee; and the U.S. Retail Consumer Foods segment primarily includes the domestic sales of Smucker’s, Jif, Smucker’s, Crisco, and Pillsbury branded products; and the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment primarily includes domestic sales of Meow Mix, Milk-Bone, Natural Balance, Kibbles ’n Bits, 9Lives, Pup-Peroni, and Nature’s RecipeCrisco branded products. The International and Away From Home segment is comprised ofcomprises products distributed domestically and in foreign countries through retail channels and foodservice distributors and operators (e.g., restaurants, lodging, schools and universities, health care operators).

24

 Three Months Ended July 31,
 2019 2018 
% Increase
(Decrease)
Net sales:     
U.S. Retail Pet Foods$669.9
 $671.2
 — %
U.S. Retail Coffee465.7
 489.5
 (5)
U.S. Retail Consumer Foods402.2
 483.3
 (17)
International and Away From Home241.1
 258.5
 (7)
Segment profit:    

U.S. Retail Pet Foods$120.1
 $100.4
 20 %
U.S. Retail Coffee128.9
 147.8
 (13)
U.S. Retail Consumer Foods81.0
 97.3
 (17)
International and Away From Home32.3
 43.4
 (26)
Segment profit margin:     
U.S. Retail Pet Foods17.9% 15.0%  
U.S. Retail Coffee27.7
 30.2
  
U.S. Retail Consumer Foods20.1
 20.1
  
International and Away From Home13.4
 16.8
  


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 Three Months Ended January 31, Nine Months Ended January 31,
 2018 2017 
% Increase
(Decrease)
 2018 2017 
% Increase
(Decrease)
Net sales:           
U.S. Retail Coffee$550.5
 $537.6
 2 % $1,584.0
 $1,602.7
 (1)%
U.S. Retail Consumer Foods511.6
 517.3
 (1) 1,535.5
 1,611.6
 (5)
U.S. Retail Pet Foods561.9
 550.9
 2
 1,635.7
 1,601.4
 2
International and Away From Home279.3
 273.0
 2
 820.6
 792.8
 4
Segment profit:    

     

U.S. Retail Coffee$182.1
 $172.2
 6 % $458.5
 $532.5
 (14)%
U.S. Retail Consumer Foods121.3
 119.2
 2
 363.1
 349.5
 4
U.S. Retail Pet Foods118.0
 126.3
 (7) 339.2
 363.0
 (7)
International and Away From Home52.6
 45.5
 16
 144.6
 136.7
 6
Segment profit margin:    

      
U.S. Retail Coffee33.1% 32.0% 

 28.9% 33.2%  
U.S. Retail Consumer Foods23.7
 23.0
 

 23.6
 21.7
  
U.S. Retail Pet Foods21.0
 22.9
 

 20.7
 22.7
  
International and Away From Home18.8
 16.7
 

 17.6
 17.2
  
U.S. Retail CoffeePet Foods

The U.S. Retail CoffeePet Foods segment net sales increased $12.9 in the thirdfirst quarter of 2018. Favorable volume/2020 was comparable to the prior year, reflecting the impact of two weeks of incremental Ainsworth business in the current year. Excluding the incremental Ainsworth sales, net sales decreased $26.7, reflecting a $26.3 decline related to private label products. The decline in private label sales was inclusive of both planned exits on low margin items and softening trends at certain retailers. Volume/mix contributed 3reduced net sales by 6 percentage points, primarily driven by Dunkin’ Donuts K-Cup® podsprivate label and the Café BusteloNatural Balance brand. The favorable volume/mix was slightlyNet price realization contributed 2 percentage points, primarily related to the Meow Mix, Milk-Bone, and Kibbles ’n Bits brands, reflecting list price increases across most brands effective in the second half of the prior year, partially offset by lower net price realization for the Folgers brand.increased trade spend. Segment profit increased $9.9,$19.7, primarily due to favorable volume/mixdriven by a $10.9 unfavorable fair value purchase accounting adjustment in the prior year and lower input costs,the benefit from the incremental Ainsworth sales. Profit improvement was also driven by synergy realization and higher net pricing, partially offset by an increase in marketing expense.higher input costs and unfavorable volume/mix.
U.S. Retail Coffee
The U.S. Retail Coffee segment net sales decreased $18.7$23.8 in the first nine monthsquarter of 2018. Volume/2020, reflecting lower net price realization and unfavorable volume/mix. Lower net pricing, which reduced net sales by 3 percentage points, reflected planned promotional activity across all brands resulting from significantly lower green coffee costs. The unfavorable volume/mix, which reduced net sales by 2 percentage points, was driven by declinesthe Folgers brand. Retailer inventory adjustments across all brands accounted for a portion of the Folgers brand, partially offset by gains for Dunkin’DonutsK-Cup® pods and the Café Bustelo brand. Net price realization improved slightly, contributing 1 percentage point to net sales. Segmentunfavorable volume/mix. Segment profit decreased $74.0,$18.9, primarily due to the impact ofunfavorable volume/mix and the net unfavorable impact of higher green coffee costslower pricing and higher pricing. During the fourth quarter of 2018, we expect to realize the benefit of lower green coffee costs as compared to the fourth quarter of 2017.costs.
U.S. Retail Consumer Foods
The U.S. Retail Consumer Foods segment net sales decreased $5.7$81.1 in the thirdfirst quarter of 2018. Volume/mix reduced2020, primarily reflecting $70.2 of net sales by 3 percentage points, primarily driven byin the Crisco and Pillsbury brands, partially offset by gains for the Smucker’s brand. Net price realization increased net sales by 2 percentage points. Segment profit increased $2.1, dueprior year related to the net favorabledivested U.S. baking business. Excluding the noncomparable impact of higher prices and higher costs and operational efficiencies, which were partially offset by unfavorable volume/mix.
The U.S. Retail Consumer Foods segmentthe divested business, net sales decreased $76.1 in the first nine months of 2018. Volume/mix reduced net sales by 8 percentage points,3 percent, primarily driven by the Crisco and Pillsburybrands. Net price realization contributed 3 percentage pointsdue to net sales, primarily attributed to the Smucker's, Jif, and Crisco brands. Segment profit increased $13.6, as the unfavorable impact of volume/mix was more than offset by the net favorable impact of higher prices and higher costs and reduced marketing expense.
U.S. Retail Pet Foods
The U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment net sales increased $11.0 in the third quarter of 2018. Favorable volume/mix increased net sales by 3 percentage points, driven by the Nature’s Recipe brand and gains in pet snacks. We expanded distribution of the Nature's Recipe brand into grocery and mass merchandise outlets during the third quarter of 2017. Lower net price realization reduced net sales by 1 percentage point. Segment profit decreased $8.3, primarily reflecting a $7.1 increase in obsolete inventory expense. Higher marketing expense also contributed to the segment profit decline.


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The U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment net sales increased $34.3 in the first nine months of 2018. Favorable volume/mix, primarily driven by the Nature’s Recipe and Meow Mix brands, increased net sales by 3 percentage points. The impact of volume/mix was partially offset by lower net price realization, which reduced net sales by 4 percentage points, driven by a list price decrease on the Jif brand in the fourth quarter of the prior year. Favorable volume/mix contributed 1 percentage point.point, primarily related to Smucker's Uncrustables®, partially offset by Jif. Segment profit decreased $23.8,$16.3, primarily due to increased marketing expense, mainlyreflecting $8.9 of segment profit in the prior year related to the Nature's Recipe brand,divested U.S. baking business. Excluding the impact of the divestiture, segment profit decreased $7.4, or 8 percent, partially due to the unfavorable net impact of lower pricing and lower input costs, as well as increased expenses related to the $7.1 increaseconstruction and startup of the Smucker's Uncrustables production facility in obsolete inventory expense during the third quarter of 2018.Longmont, Colorado.
International and Away From Home
The International and Away From Home segment net sales increased $6.3decreased $17.4 in the thirdfirst quarter of 2018, reflecting $5.82020, including the impact of favorable foreign currency exchange and higher$2.9 of net sales in the prior year related to the divested U.S. baking business. Unfavorable volume/mix reduced net sales by
3 percentage points, primarily driven by the Jif and Smucker's brands. NetFolgers brand. Lower net price realization across multiple brands reduced net sales by 1 percentage point. Segment profit increased $7.1, reflecting the contribution from favorable volume/mix and foreign currency exchange, along with lower marketing expense.
The International and Away From Home segment net sales increased $27.8 in the first nine months of 2018, reflecting favorable volume/mix, which increased net sales by 2 percentage points, driven by the Jif and Smucker's brands. In addition, foreign currency exchange contributed $9.4 to net sales. points.Segment profit increased $7.9,decreased $11.1, primarily due toreflecting lower net pricing and the contributions from favorabledecline in volume/mix and foreign currency exchange.mix.

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Financial Condition – Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity
Our principal source of funds is cash generated from operations, supplemented by borrowings against our commercial paper program and revolving credit facility. At JanuaryJuly 31, 2018,2019, total cash and cash equivalents was $186.2,$48.8, compared to $166.8$101.3 at April 30, 2017.2019.
Within the U.S. Retail Coffee and U.S. Retail Consumer Foods segments, we generally expect a significant use of cash to fund working capital requirements during the first half of each fiscal year, primarily due to the buildup of inventories to support the Fall Bake and Holiday period, the additional increase of coffee inventory in advance of the Atlantic hurricane season, and seasonal fruit procurement. In these businesses, we expect cash provided by operations in the second half of the fiscal year to significantly exceed the amount in the first half of the year, upon completion of the Fall Bake and Holiday period. However, the impact of seasonality on our overall working capital requirements is partially reduced by the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment, which does not experience significant seasonality. Cash provided by operating activities in the third quarter of 2018 was $469.0, compared to $434.6 provided through the first half of 2018.
The following table presents selected cash flow information.
Nine Months Ended January 31,Three Months Ended July 31,
2018 20172019 2018
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities$903.6
 $794.8
$221.5
 $243.0
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities(171.8) (148.1)(52.1) (2,031.5)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities(725.2) (612.4)(222.6) 1,790.5
      
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities$903.6
 $794.8
$221.5
 $243.0
Additions to property, plant, and equipment(210.3) (136.6)(73.0) (101.3)
Free cash flow (A)
$693.3
 $658.2
$148.5
 $141.7
(A)Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure used by management to evaluate the amount of cash available for debt repayment, dividend distribution, acquisition opportunities, share repurchases, and other corporate purposes.
The $108.8 increase$21.5 decrease in cash provided by operating activities in the first nine monthsquarter of 20182020 was mainly duedriven by a greater amount of cash required to a decrease infund working capital during 2018, as compared to an increase in the prior year, driven by inventory. The impact of the change in working capital was2020, partially offset by lowerhigher net income adjusted for noncash items in the current year. The increase in working capital requirements, as compared to the prior year, was mainly driven by higher payments for accounts payable items and an increase in contributionsinventory levels. These increases were partially offset by a reduction in trade receivables this quarter, due to lower sales, while trade receivables increased during the defined benefit pension plans during 2018.

first quarter of 2019.
Cash used for investing activities in the first nine monthsquarter of 20182020 consisted primarily of $210.3$73.0 in capital expenditures, partially offset by a $29.6 reduction$20.9 decrease in our derivative cash margin account balances. Cash used for investing activities in the first nine monthsquarter of 20172019 consisted primarily of $136.6$1.9 billion related to the Ainsworth acquisition, $101.3 in capital expenditures.

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expenditures, and a $23.7 increase in our derivative cash margin account balances.
Cash used for financing activities in the first nine monthsquarter of 20182020 consisted primarily of $1,050.3 in long-term debt repayments, dividend payments of $261.4, and a $200.0$130.0 net decrease in short-term borrowings during 2018, which were partially offsetand dividend payments of $96.5. Cash provided by $799.6 in long-term debt proceeds. Cash used for financing activities in the first nine monthsquarter of 20172019 consisted primarily of $1.5 billion in long-term debt proceeds and a $386.0 net increase in short-term borrowings, partially offset by dividend payments of $252.1, long-term debt repayments$88.4. 
We, like other food manufacturers, are from time to time subject to various administrative, regulatory, and other legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of $200.0,business. We are currently a defendant in a variety of such legal proceedings, including certain lawsuits related to the alleged price-fixing of shelf stable tuna products prior to 2011 by a business previously owned by, but divested prior to our acquisition of, Big Heart Pet Brands, the significant majority of which were settled and paid during the second half of 2019. While we cannot predict with certainty the ultimate results of these proceedings or potential settlements associated with these or other matters, we have accrued losses for certain contingent liabilities that we have determined are probable and reasonably estimable at July 31, 2019. Based on the information known to date, with the exception of the matter discussed below, we do not believe the final outcome of these proceedings would have a $142.0 decreasematerial adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

In addition to the legal proceedings discussed above, we are currently a defendant in short-term borrowings during 2017.CERT v. Brad Barry LLC, et al., which alleges that we, in addition to nearly eighty other defendants who manufacture, package, distribute, or sell coffee, failed to provide warnings for our coffee products of exposure to the chemical acrylamide as required under Proposition 65. As part of a joint defense group organized to defend against the lawsuit, we dispute these claims. Acrylamide is not added to coffee, but is inherently present in all coffee in small amounts (measured in parts per billion) as a byproduct of the coffee bean roasting process. The outcome and the financial impact of the case, if any, cannot be predicted at this time. Accordingly, no loss contingency has been recorded for this matter as of July 31, 2019, as the likelihood of loss is not considered probable or estimable. However, if we are required to pay significant statutory penalties or to add warning labels to any of our products or place warnings in certain locations where our products are sold as a result of Proposition 65, our business and financial results could be adversely impacted, and sales of those products could suffer not only in those locations but elsewhere. For additional information, on our new borrowings and debt repayments, see “Capital Resources” in this discussion and analysis.Note 15: Contingencies.

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Capital Resources
The following table presents our capital structure.
January 31, 2018 April 30, 2017July 31, 2019 April 30, 2019
Current portion of long-term debt$—
 $499.0
$799.0
 $798.5
Short-term borrowings254.0
 454.0
295.9
 426.0
Long-term debt, less current portion4,688.5
 4,445.5
4,685.3
 4,686.3
Total debt$4,942.5
 $5,398.5
$5,780.2
 $5,910.8
Shareholders’ equity7,804.2
 6,850.2
8,007.7
 7,970.5
Total capital$12,746.7
 $12,248.7
$13,787.9
 $13,881.3

In December 2017,April 2018, we completedentered into a Term Loan with a syndicate of banks and an offeringavailable commitment amount of $800.0 in Senior Notes due December 6, 2019 and December 15, 2027.$1.5 billion. The net proceeds from the offering were used to prepay the $500.0 in principalfull amount of the Senior Notes due March 15, 2018. In addition, we prepaid, in full, the remaining outstanding balance of the $1.8 billion senior unsecured delayed-draw Term Loan Credit Agreement (“Term Loan”). Duringwas drawn on May 14, 2018, to partially finance the three and nine months ended January 31, 2018, we prepaid onAinsworth acquisition. Borrowings under the Term Loan $400.0 and $550.0, respectively.
In September 2017, we entered into an unsecured revolving credit facility with a group of 11 banks, which provides for a revolving credit line of $1.8 billion and matures in September 2022. Additionally, we terminated the previous $1.5 billion credit facility. Borrowings under the revolving credit facility bear interest on the prevailing U.S. Prime Rate London Interbank Offered Rate, or Canadian Dealer Offered Rate,LIBOR, based on our election. Interest iselection, and are payable either on a quarterly basis or at the end of the borrowing term. The Term Loan matures on May 14, 2021, and does not require scheduled amortization payments. Voluntary prepayments are permitted without premium or penalty. As of July 31, 2019, we have prepaid $700.0 on the Term Loan to date. The interest rate on the Term Loan at July 31, 2019, was 3.40 percent.  
We did not have available a balance outstanding under the$1.8 billion unsecured revolving credit facility at January 31, 2018.
Wewith a group of 11 banks that matures in September 2022. Additionally, we participate in a commercial paper program under which we can issue short-term, unsecured commercial paper not to exceed $1.8 billion at any time, which was increased from the previous limit of $1.0 billion in conjunction with entering into the new unsecured revolving credit facility in September 2017.time. The commercial paper program is backed by our revolving credit facility and reduces what we can borrow under the revolving credit facility by the amount of commercial paper outstanding. Commercial paper will be used as a continuing source of short-term financing for general corporate purposes. As of JanuaryJuly 31, 2018,2019, we had $254.0$295.9 of short-term borrowings outstanding, all of which were issued under our commercial paper program, at a weighted-average interest rate of 1.752.56 percent.
We are in compliance with all of our debt covenants. For additional information on our long-term debt, sources of liquidity, and debt covenants, see Note 8: Debt and Financing Arrangements.Arrangements.
AsDuring the first quarter of January2020, we did not repurchase any common shares under a repurchase plan authorized by the Board. At July 31, 2018, we had2019, approximately 3.6 million common shares remain available for repurchase underpursuant to the Board of Directors'Board's authorizations. There is no guarantee as to the exact number of shares that may be repurchased or when such purchases may occur.

During 2017, we announced our plans to build a Smucker's Uncrustables® frozen sandwich manufacturing facility in Longmont, Colorado. Construction of the facility began in June 2017, and production is expected to begin during 2020. The new facility will help meet growing demand for Smucker's Uncrustables frozen sandwiches and will complement our existing facility in Scottsville, Kentucky. The Longmont facility will be constructed in two phases, with a total potential investment of $340.0. Phase 1 will include up to an initial $200.0 investment to construct and equip the new facility, with an opportunity to invest an additional $140.0 for phase 2 expansion, dependent on product demand.
On May 30, 2017, we announced a definitive agreement to acquire the Wesson oil brand from Conagra Brands, Inc. (“Conagra”). The all-cash transaction, which is expected to be funded primarily with debt, is valued at approximately $285.0, subject to a post-closing working capital adjustment. We anticipate the addition of the Wesson brand will add annual net sales of approximately $230.0. Following the close of the transaction, Conagra will continue to manufacture products sold under the Wesson brand and provide certain other transition services for up to one year. After the transition period, we expect to

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consolidate Wesson production into our existing oils manufacturing facility in Cincinnati, Ohio. Within two years after the closing, we expect to realize synergies of approximately $20.0 annually.
The transaction is subject to certain customary closing conditions, including the termination or expiration of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 (the “HSR Act”). On August 28, 2017, both parties received a request for additional information under the HSR Act (a “second request”) from the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) in connection with the FTC's review of the transaction. Issuance of the second request extends the waiting period under the HSR Act until 30 days after both parties have substantially complied with the request, or as the parties otherwise agree, unless the waiting period is terminated earlier by the FTC. The agreement to acquire the Wesson brand provides that, unless otherwise agreed upon by both parties, if the closing of the transaction has not occurred on or prior to March 31, 2018, because HSR approval has not been received as of such date, then either party may terminate the agreement.
Absent any material acquisitions or other significant investments, we believe that cash on hand, combined with cash provided by operations, borrowings available under our commercial paper program and revolving credit facility, and access to capital markets, will be sufficient to meet our cash requirements for the next 12 months, including capital expenditures, the payment of quarterly dividends, interestprincipal and principalinterest payments on debt outstanding, and share repurchases.
During the first quarter of 2020, we reduced our capital investment in certain foreign subsidiaries in conjunction with a restructuring of our international holding and operating entities, returning $39.1 of international cash to the U.S. No foreign withholding taxes were applicable, and state income taxes were not significant. As of JanuaryJuly 31, 2018,2019, total cash and cash equivalents of $178.8$41.5 was held by our international subsidiaries. During the third quarter of 2018, we recorded a provisional one-time transition tax of $26.1 on the undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries, that were previously deferred from U.S. income taxes, as required by the Act. This tax liability will be paid over an eight-year period beginningprimarily in 2018. As of January 31, 2018, theCanada. The undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries continue to beremain permanently reinvested and we do not intend to repatriate any of the amounts to meet our cash requirements. For further information, refer to Note 12: Income Taxes.reinvested.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We use non-GAAP financial measures, including: net sales excluding acquisition, divestiture, and foreign currency exchange; adjusted gross profit,profit; adjusted operating income, income,income; adjusted income; adjusted earnings per share; and free cash flow, as key measures for purposes of evaluating performance internally. We believe that investors’ understanding of our performance is enhanced by disclosing these performance measures. Furthermore, these non-GAAP financial measures are used by management in preparation of the annual budget and for the monthly analyses of our operating results. The Board of Directors also utilizes the adjusted earnings per share and free cash flowcertain non-GAAP financial measures as components for measuring performance for incentive compensation purposes.


Non-GAAP measures exclude certain items affecting comparability that can significantly affect the year-over-year assessment of operating results, which include amortization expense and impairment charges related to intangible assets, integration and restructuring costs (“special project costs”), and unallocated gains and losses on commodity and foreign currency exchange

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derivatives (“unallocated derivative gains and losses”)., as well as the related tax impact of these exclusions. The special project costs in the following table relate to specific integration and restructuring projects, and the unallocated derivative gains and losses reflect the changes in fair value of our commodity and foreign currency exchange contracts. During the third quarter of 2018, we expanded our non-GAAP measures to also exclude certain one-time discrete tax adjustments. These adjustments include the provisional effect of the one-time items associated with the Act, which includes certain discrete adjustments related to the U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities remeasurement and transition tax. Also included in the one-time discrete tax adjustmentsAdditionally, income taxes, as adjusted is the permanent tax difference related to the goodwill impairment charge that was recorded during the third quarter of 2018. For further details on these adjustments, refer to Note 12: Income Taxes and Note 7: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. We believe that excluding these one-time discrete tax adjustments in our non-GAAP measures provides comparability across the periods presented and better reflects the benefit of a lower blended U.S. statutorycalculated using an adjusted effective income tax rate onthat is applied to adjusted income before income taxes. While this adjusted effective income tax rate does not generally differ materially from our current year earnings as a result of the Act.GAAP effective income tax rate, certain items can significantly impact our adjusted effective income tax rate.


These non-GAAP financial measures are not intended to replace the presentation of financial results in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).GAAP. Rather, the presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures supplements other metrics we use to internally evaluate our businesses and facilitate the comparison of past and present operations and liquidity. These non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similar measures used by other companies and may exclude certain nondiscretionary expenses and cash payments. The following table reconciles certain non-GAAP measures to the comparable GAAP financial measure.

28

Table See page 20 for a reconciliation of Contents

net sales adjusted for certain noncomparable items to the comparable GAAP financial measure.
Three Months Ended January 31, Nine Months Ended January 31,Three Months Ended July 31,
2018 2017 2018 20172019 2018
Gross profit reconciliation:          
Gross profit$728.5
 $722.9
 $2,145.6
 $2,188.5
$699.6
 $678.2
Unallocated derivative losses (gains)0.7
 (0.8) (21.6) 5.7
(29.0) 22.0
Cost of products sold – special project costs2.3
 0.5
 3.9
 4.8
Adjusted gross profit$731.5
 $722.6
 $2,127.9
 $2,199.0
$670.6
 $700.2
Operating income reconciliation:          
Operating income$162.7
 $237.7
 $727.2
 $834.8
$257.6
 $226.9
Amortization51.6
 51.7
 154.7
 155.2
58.8
 60.5
Impairment charges176.9
 75.7
 176.9
 75.7
Unallocated derivative losses (gains)0.7
 (0.8) (21.6) 5.7
(29.0) 22.0
Cost of products sold – special project costs2.3
 0.5
 3.9
 4.8
Other special project costs5.6
 18.0
 42.4
 66.8
3.3
 7.7
Adjusted operating income$399.8
 $382.8
 $1,083.5
 $1,143.0
$290.7
 $317.1
Net income reconciliation:          
Net income$831.3
 $134.6
 $1,152.7
 $481.9
$154.6
 $133.0
Income tax expense (benefit)(715.3) 63.0
 (555.9) 234.6
Income tax expense52.1
 40.1
Amortization51.6
 51.7
 154.7
 155.2
58.8
 60.5
Impairment charges176.9
 75.7
 176.9
 75.7
Unallocated derivative losses (gains)0.7
 (0.8) (21.6) 5.7
(29.0) 22.0
Cost of products sold – special project costs2.3
 0.5
 3.9
 4.8
Other special project costs5.6
 18.0
 42.4
 66.8
3.3
 7.7
Adjusted income before income taxes$353.1
 $342.7
 $953.1
 $1,024.7
$239.8
 $263.3
Income taxes, as adjusted (A)
69.4
 109.9
 268.3
 335.5
Income taxes, as adjusted60.1
 60.9
Adjusted income$283.7
 $232.8
 $684.8
 $689.2
$179.7
 $202.4
Weighted-average shares – assuming dilution113.6
 116.5
 113.6
 116.5
113.9
 113.7
Adjusted earnings per share – assuming dilution$2.50
 $2.00
 $6.03
 $5.92
$1.58
 $1.78
(A)Income taxes, as adjusted is based upon our GAAP effective tax rate for the nine months ended January 31, 2018 and 2017, and reflects the impact of items excluded from GAAP net income to derive adjusted income. Income taxes, as adjusted also reflects the exclusion of certain one-time discrete tax adjustments for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2018.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations
We do not have material off-balance sheet arrangements, financings, or other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons, also known as variable interest entities. Transactions with related parties are in the ordinary course of business and not material to our results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

As of JanuaryJuly 31, 2018,2019, there were no material changes to our future contractual obligations as previously reported in our
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2017.2019.
Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies
A discussion of our critical accounting estimates and policies can be found in the “Management's Discussion and Analysis” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2017.2019. There were no material changes to the information previously disclosed, with the exception of the item discussed below.disclosed.

We review goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets at least annually on February 1 for impairment, and more often if indicators of impairment exist.

During the third quarter of 2018, we completed our long-range planning process which resulted in a decline in forecasted net sales for the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment. As a result of the decreased projections, as well as the narrow differences between estimated fair value and carrying value as of April 30, 2017, we performed an interim impairment analysis on the goodwill of the Pet Foods reporting unit and the indefinite-lived trademarks included within the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment. We recognized total impairment charges of $176.9 during the third quarter of 2018, of which $145.0 and $31.9 related to the


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goodwill of the Pet Foods reporting unit and certain indefinite-lived trademarks within the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment, respectively, to the extent the carrying values exceeded the estimated fair values. These charges were included as a noncash charge in our Condensed Statement of Consolidated Income. Furthermore, we early adopted ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment in connection with thethird quarter of 2018 interim impairment analysis. As a result, we did not perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test for the goodwill of the Pet Foods reporting unit, and recorded the impairment charge based on the excess of the reporting unit's carrying value over its fair value. For further details, refer to Note 2: Recently Issued Accounting Standards.

During the third quarter of 2017, we completed an interim impairment analysis on the goodwill of the Pet Foods reporting unit and the indefinite-lived trademarks included within the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment as a result of a decline in the 2017 actual and forecasted net sales for the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment, as well as an increase in our weighted-average cost of capital, which reflected the rising market-based interest rates throughout the year. As a result, we recognized an impairment charge of $75.7 related to certain indefinite-lived trademarks within the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment, to the extent that carrying value exceeded the estimated fair value, which was included as a noncash charge in our Condensed Statement of Consolidated Income. We did not recognize an impairment charge related to the goodwill of the Pet Foods reporting unit during the third quarter of 2017.

The goodwill and indefinite-lived trademarks within the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment remain susceptible to future impairment charges as the carrying values approximate estimated fair values at January 31, 2018. In addition, the goodwill related to the Pet Foods reporting unit remains susceptible to future impairment charges, as the U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities remeasurement that was recorded during the third quarter of 2018, as a result of the enactment of tax legislation in December 2017, is provisional. As such, we could have additional adjustments to the U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities in the future as we refine our tax calculations, which could potentially affect the measurement of these balances or potentially give rise to new or additional deferred tax amounts, thus impacting the carrying value of the Pet Foods reporting unit. These adjustments would be reflected as a change in accounting estimate during the period identified. For further detail, refer to Note 12: Income Taxes.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
(Dollars in millions, unless otherwise noted)
The following discussions about our market risk disclosures involve forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ from those projected in the forward-looking statements. We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, and commodity prices.
Interest Rate Risk: The fair value of our cash and cash equivalents at JanuaryJuly 31, 2018,2019, approximates carrying value. We are exposed to interest rate risk with regard to existing debt consisting of fixed- and variable-rate maturities. Our interest rate exposure primarily includes U.S. Treasury rates, London Interbank Offered Rate,LIBOR, and commercial paper rates in the U.S. The Financial Conduct Authority in the United Kingdom has stated that it will not require banks to submit LIBOR beyond 2021. We do not anticipate a significant impact to our financial position as a result of this action given our current mix of variable and fixed-rate debt.
We utilize derivative instruments to manage interest rate risk associated with anticipated debt transactions, as well as to manage changes in the fair value and cash flows of our long-term debt. Interest rate contracts mitigate the risk associated with the underlying hedged item. At the inception of thean interest rate contract, the instrument is evaluated and documented for qualifying hedge accounting treatment. If the contract is designated as a cash flow hedge, the mark-to-market gains or losses on the contract are deferred and included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), and reclassified to interest expense in the period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. If the contract is designated as a fair value hedge, the contract is recognized at fair value on the balance sheet, and changes in the fair value are recognized in interest expense. Generally, changes in the fair value of the contract are equal to changes in the fair value of the underlying debt and have no net impact on earnings.
In June 2017, weWe entered into a treasury lock,interest rate contracts in November 2018 and June 2018, with a notional valuevalues of $300.0 and $500.0, respectively, to manage our exposure to interest rate volatility associated with anticipated debt financing in 2018. This2020. These interest rate contract wascontracts are designated as a cash flow hedge. In December 2017, concurrent with the pricing of the Senior Notes due December 15, 2027, we terminated the treasury lock prior to maturity. The termination resulted in a gain of $2.7, which was deferredhedges, and included as a componentresult, unrealized losses of $102.1 were deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and will be amortized asat July 31, 2019. A hypothetical 10 percent decrease in treasury rates at July 31, 2019, would result in a reduction toloss of $24.8 on the fair value of these interest expense over the life of the debt.rate contracts.
In 2015, we terminated the interest rate swap on the 3.50 percent Senior Notes due October 15, 2021, which was designated as a fair value hedge and used to hedge against the changes in the fair value of the debt. As a result of the early termination, we received $58.1 in cash, which included $4.6 of accrued and prepaid interest and a $53.5 benefit that is deferred as a component of the carrying value of the long-term debt and is being recognized ratably as a reduction to interest expense over the remaining life of the related debt. At JanuaryJuly 31, 2018,2019, the remaining benefit of $30.4$18.5 was recorded as an increase in the long-term debt balance.

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In measuring interest rate risk by the amount of net change in the fair value of our financial liabilities, a hypothetical 100 basis-point decrease in interest rates at JanuaryJuly 31, 2018,2019, would increase the fair value of our long-term debt by $368.5.$373.4.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk: We have operations outside the U.S. with foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities, primarily denominated in Canadian currency. Because we have foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities, financial exposure may result, primarily from the timing of transactions and the movement of exchange rates. The foreign currency balance sheet exposures as of JanuaryJuly 31, 2018,2019, are not expected to result in a significant impact on future earnings or cash flows.
We utilize foreign currency derivatives to manage the effect of foreign currency exchange fluctuations on future cash payments in Canada, primarily related to purchases of certain raw materials and finished goods. The contracts generally have maturities of less than one year. We do not qualify instruments used to manage foreign currency exchange exposures for hedge accounting treatment. Therefore, the change in value of these instruments is immediately recognized in cost of products sold. Based on our hedged foreign currency positions as of JanuaryJuly 31, 2018,2019, a hypothetical 10 percent change in exchange rates would not materially impact the fair value.
Revenues from customers outside the U.S., subject to foreign currency exchange, represented 65 percent of net sales during the nine-month periodthree months ended JanuaryJuly 31, 2018.2019. Thus, certain revenues and expenses have been, and are expected to be, subject to the effect of foreign currency fluctuations, and these fluctuations may have an impact on operating results.
Commodity Price Risk: We use certain raw materials and other commodities that are subject to price volatility caused by supply and demand conditions, political and economic variables, weather, investor speculation, and other unpredictable factors. To manage the volatility related to anticipated commodity purchases, we use derivatives with maturities of generally less than

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one year. We do not qualify commodity derivatives for hedge accounting treatment. As a result, the gains and losses on all commodity derivatives are immediately recognized in cost of products sold.
The following sensitivity analysis presents our potential loss of fair value resulting from a hypothetical 10 percent change in market prices related to commodities.
January 31, 2018 April 30, 2017July 31, 2019 April 30, 2019
High$40.4
 $40.8
$45.8
 $51.6
Low16.7
 13.2
19.9
 25.3
Average27.5
 26.5
33.4
 37.0
The estimated fair value was determined using quoted market prices and was based on our net derivative position by commodity for the previous four quarters. The calculations are not intended to represent actual losses in fair value that we expect to incur. In practice, as markets move, we actively manage our risk and adjust hedging strategies as appropriate. The commodities hedged have a high inverse correlation to price changes of the derivative instrument; thus, we would expect that any gain or loss in the estimated fair value of its derivatives would generally be offset by an increase or decrease in the estimated fair value of the underlying exposures.
Certain Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of federal securities laws. The forward-looking statements may include statements concerning our current expectations, estimates, assumptions, and beliefs concerning future events, conditions, plans, and strategies that are not historical fact. Any statement that is not historical in nature is a forward-looking statement and may be identified by the use of words and phrases such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “intend,” “will,” “plan,” and similar phrases.

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Federal securities laws provide a safe harbor for forward-looking statements to encourage companies to provide prospective information. We are providing this cautionary statement in connection with the safe harbor provisions. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, as such statements are by nature subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors, many of which are outside of our control and could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements and from our historical results and experience. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following:

our ability to achieve synergies and cost savings related to the Ainsworth acquisition in the amounts and within the time frames currently anticipated;
our ability to achieve cost savings related to our organization optimization and cost management programs in the amounts and within the time frames currently anticipated;

our ability to satisfy the closing conditions for the Wesson transaction, including receipt of required regulatory approvals;

our ability to generate sufficient cash flow to meet our cash deploymentdeleveraging objectives;

volatility of commodity, energy, and other input costs;

risks associated with derivative and purchasing strategies we employ to manage commodity pricing and interest rate risks;

the availability of reliable transportation on acceptable terms;

our ability to implement and realize the full benefit of price changes, and the impact of the timing of the price changes to profits and cash flow in a particular period;

the success and cost of marketing and sales programs and strategies intended to promote growth in our businesses, including product innovation;

general competitive activity in the market, including competitors’ pricing practices and promotional spending levels;

the impact of food security concerns involving either our products or our competitors’ products, including our recent withdrawal of certain canned dog food products;

the impact of accidents, extreme weather, and natural disasters;

the concentration of certain of our businesses with key customers and suppliers, including single-source suppliers of certain key raw materials and finished goods, and our ability to manage and maintain key relationships;

the timing and amount of capital expenditures and share repurchases;


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impairments in the carrying value of goodwill, other intangible assets, or other long-lived assets or changes in useful lives of other intangible assets;

the impact of new or changes to existing governmental laws and regulations and their application;

application, including tariffs;
the outcome of tax examinations, changes in tax laws, and other tax matters;

foreign currency and interest rate fluctuations; and

risks related to other factors described under “Risk Factors” in other reports and statements we have filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.SEC.
Readers are cautioned not to unduly rely on such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made, when evaluating the information presented in this Quarterly Report.Report on Form 10-Q. We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements to reflect new events or circumstances subsequent to the filing of this Quarterly Report.Report on Form 10-Q.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our management,Procedures. Management, including ourthe principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of JanuaryJuly 31, 20182019 (the “Evaluation Date”). Based on that evaluation, ourthe principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange CommissionSEC rules and forms, and (2) accumulated and communicated to management, including the chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Controls. There During the quarter ended July 31, 2019, we began using a new integrated software solution to plan, authorize, and record trade promotion-related activities, as well as initiate payments associated with our trade programs. Additionally, in connection with the adoption of ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), as described in Note 2: Recently Issued Accounting Standards and Note 12: Leases, we implemented a new software solution that is used to record right-of-use assets and lease liabilities and prepare disclosures related to the new standard. As a result of the implementation of these systems, new controls and processes were executed during the quarter.
Other than the items discussed above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended JanuaryJuly 31, 2018,2019, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.




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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Information required for Part II, Item 1 is incorporated by reference to the discussion in Note 15: Contingencies in Part I, Item 1 in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Our business, operations, and financial condition are subject to various risks and uncertainties. The risk factors described in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2017, as revised below,2019, should be carefully considered, together with the other information contained or incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission,SEC, in connection with evaluating the Company, our business, and the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report.Report on Form 10-Q. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may affect us. The occurrence of any of these known or unknown risks could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The risk factor described below updates the risk factors disclosed in “Part 1, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2017, to include information on an interim impairment analysis, which was performed during the third quarter of 2018.
A material impairment in the carrying value of acquired goodwill or other intangible assets could negatively affect our consolidated operating results and net worth.
A significant portion of our assets is goodwill and other intangible assets, the majority of which are not amortized but are reviewed for impairment at least annually and more often if indicators of impairment exist. At April 30, 2017, the carrying value of goodwill and other intangible assets totaled $12.2 billion, compared to total assets of $15.6 billion and total shareholders’ equity of $6.9 billion. If the carrying value of these assets exceeds the current estimated fair value, the asset is considered impaired and this would result in a noncash charge to earnings, which could be material. Events and conditions that could result in impairment include a sustained drop in the market price of our common shares, increased competition or loss of market share, obsolescence, product claims that result in a significant loss of sales or profitability over the product life, deterioration in macroeconomic conditions, or declining financial performance in comparison to projected results.
As a result of the Big Heart acquisition in 2015, we recognized $3.0 billion of goodwill, as well as $1.5 billion of indefinite-lived intangible assets based on their estimated fair values on the acquisition date. Being recently acquired, these assets have been more susceptible to impairment. During 2017, we recognized total impairment charges of $128.5 related to certain indefinite-lived trademarks within the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment.
During the third quarter of 2018, we completed our long-range planning process which resulted in a decline in forecasted net sales for the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment. As a result of the decreased projections, as well as the narrow differences between estimated fair value and carrying value as of April 30, 2017, we performed an interim impairment analysis on the goodwill of the Pet Foods reporting unit and the indefinite-lived trademarks included within the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment. We recognized total impairment charges of $176.9 during the third quarter of 2018, of which $145.0 and $31.9 related to the goodwill of the Pet Foods reporting unit and certain indefinite-lived trademarks within the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment, respectively, to the extent the carrying values exceeded the estimated fair values. Further changes to the assumptions regarding the future performance of the U.S. Retail Pet Foods segment or its brands or a change to other assumptions could result in additional impairment losses in the future, which could be more significant. In addition, the goodwill related to the Pet Foods reporting unit remains susceptible to future impairment charges, as the U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities remeasurement that was recorded during the third quarter of 2018, as a result of the enactment of tax legislation in December 2017, is provisional. As such, we could have additional adjustments to the U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities in the future as we refine our tax calculations, which could potentially affect the measurement of these balances or potentially give rise to new or additional deferred tax amounts, thus impacting the carrying value of the Pet Foods reporting unit.


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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
(Dollars in millions, except per share datadata)
(a) Not applicable.
(b) Not applicable.
(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers: The following table presents the total number of shares of common stock purchased during the first quarter of 2020, the average price paid per share, the number of shares that were purchased as part of a publicly announce repurchase program, if any, and the approximate dollar value of the maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the share repurchase program:
  (a) (b) (c) (d)
Period 
Total Number of
Shares
Purchased
 
Average Price
Paid Per Share
 
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs
 
Maximum Number (or
Approximate Dollar
Value) of Shares That
May Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans or
Programs
November 1, 2017 - November 30, 2017 —
 $—
 —
 3,586,598
December 1, 2017 - December 31, 2017 1,091
 119.43
 —
 3,586,598
January 1, 2018 - January 31, 2018 167
 124.76
 —
 3,586,598
Total 1,258
 $120.14
 —
 3,586,598
Information set forth in the table above represents the activity in our third fiscal quarter.
  (a) (b) (c) (d)
Period 
Total Number of
Shares
Purchased
 
Average Price
Paid Per Share
 
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs
 
Maximum Number (or
Approximate Dollar
Value) of Shares That
May Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans or
Programs
May 1, 2019 - May 31, 2019 293
 $125.28
 —
 3,586,598
June 1, 2019 - June 30, 2019 22,363
 123.86
 —
 3,586,598
July 1, 2019 - July 31, 2019 137
 119.52
 —
 3,586,598
Total 22,793
 $123.85
 —
 3,586,598
 
(a)Shares in this column include shares repurchased from stock plan recipients in lieu of cash payments.
(d)As of July 31, 2019, there were 3,586,598 common shares remaining available for future repurchase pursuant to the Board's authorizations.
(d) As of January 31, 2018, there were 3,586,598 common shares remaining available for future repurchase pursuant to our Board of Directors' authorizations.
.

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Item 6. Exhibits.
See the Index of Exhibits that appears on Page No. 3831 of this report.


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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
February 23, 2018August 27, 2019THE J. M. SMUCKER COMPANY
  
 /s/ Mark T. Smucker
 By: MARK T. SMUCKER
 President and Chief Executive Officer
  
 /s/ Mark R. Belgya
 By: MARK R. BELGYA
 Vice Chair and Chief Financial Officer


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INDEX OF EXHIBITS


The following exhibits are either attached or incorporated herein by reference to another filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.SEC.
Exhibit NumberExhibit Description
4.13.1
Second Supplemental Indenture, dated asAmended Regulations of December 7, 2017, between theThe J. M. Smucker Company and U.S. Bank National Association
12.131.1
Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges
31.1
Certifications of Mark T. Smucker pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended
31.2
Certifications of Mark R. Belgya pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended
32
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INSXBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
104
The cover page of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 31, 2019, formatted in Inline XBRL













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