TAYLOR DEVICES, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Other recently issued Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) guidance has either been implemented or are not significant to the Company

Revenue is recognized (generally at fixed prices) when, or as, the Company transfers control of promised products or services to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring those products or services.

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts which are, therefore, not distinct. Promised goods or services that are immaterial in the context of the contract are not separately assessed as performance obligations.

For contracts with customers in which the Company satisfies a promise to the customer to provide a product that has no alternative use to the Company and the Company has enforceable rights to payment for progress completed to date inclusive of profit, the Company satisfies the performance obligation and recognizes revenue over time (generally less than one year) using costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion to measure progress toward satisfying our performance obligations. Incurred costs represent work performed, which corresponds with, and thereby best depicts, the transfer of control to the customer. Contract costs include labor, material and overhead. Adjustments to cost estimates are made periodically, and losses expected to be incurred on contracts in progress are charged to operations in the period such losses are determined. Other sales to customers are recognized upon shipment to the customer based on contract prices and terms. In the six months ended November 30, 2020, 34% of revenue was recorded for contracts in which revenue was recognized over time while 66% was recognized at a point in time. In the six months ended November 30, 2019, 60% of revenue was recorded for contracts in which revenue was recognized over time while 40% was recognized at a point in time.

8.On December 22, 2017,Progress payments are typically negotiated for longer term projects. Payments are otherwise due once performance obligations are complete (generally at shipment and transfer of title). For financial statement presentation purposes, the PresidentCompany nets progress billings against the total costs incurred on uncompleted contracts. The asset, “costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings,” represents revenues recognized in excess of amounts billed. The liability, “billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings,” represents billings in excess of revenues recognized.

If applicable, the United StatesCompany recognizes an asset for the incremental, material costs of America signed tax reform legislation (the 2017 Act), which includesobtaining a broad range of tax reform proposals affecting businesses, including corporate tax rates, business deductions, and international tax provisions. Among the changes, the 2017 Act reduces the corporate rate from 34% to 21% for periods beginning after December 31, 2017. Because of the rate change,contract with a customer if the Company expects the benefit of those costs to recognizebe longer than one year and the costs are expected to be recovered. As of November 30, 2020 and May 31, 2020, the Company does not have material incremental deferred tax expense during the quarter ending February 28, 2018.costs on any open contracts with an original expected duration of greater than one year, and therefore such costs are expensed as incurred. These incremental costs include, but are not limited to, sales commissions incurred to obtain a contract with a customer.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Cautionary Statement

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a "safe harbor" for forward-looking statements. Information in this Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and elsewhere in this 10-Q and its Exhibits that does not consist of historical facts, are "forward-looking statements." Statements accompanied or qualified by, or containing, words such as "may," "will," "should," "believes," "expects," "intends," "plans," "projects," "estimates," "predicts," "potential," "outlook," "forecast," "anticipates," "presume," and "assume" constitute forward-looking statements and, as such, are not a guarantee of future performance. The statements involve factors, risks and uncertainties, the impact or occurrence of which can cause actual results to differ materially from the expected results described in such statements. Risks and uncertainties can include, among others, reductions in capital budgets by our customers and potential customers; changing product demand and industry capacity; increased competition and pricing pressures; advances in technology that can reduce the demand for the Company's products; the kind, frequency and intensity of natural disasters that affect demand for the Company’s products; and other factors, many or all of which are beyond the Company's control. Consequently, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as predictive of future results. The Company disclaims any obligation to release publicly any updates or revisions to the forward-looking statements herein to reflect any change in the Company's expectations with regard thereto, or any changes in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.

Results of Operations

A summary of the period to period changes in the principal items included in the condensed consolidated statements of income is shown below:

Sales under certain fixed-price contracts, requiring substantial performance over several periods priorin which the product has no alternative use to commencementthe Company and the Company has enforceable rights to payment for progress completed to date, inclusive of deliveries,profit, are accounted for under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting whereby revenues are recognized based on estimates of completion prepared on a ratio of cost to total estimated cost basis. Costs include all material and direct and indirect charges related to specific contracts.

Adjustments to cost estimates are made periodically and any losses expected to be incurred on contracts in progress are charged to operations in the period such losses are determined. However, any profits expected on contracts in progress are recognized over the life of the contract.

For financial statement presentation purposes, the Company nets progress billings against the total costs incurred on uncompleted contracts. The asset, "costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings," represents revenues recognized in excess of amounts billed. The liability, "billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings," represents billings in excess of revenues recognized.

For the six months ended November 30, 20172020 (All figures discussed are for the six months ended November 30, 20172020 as compared to the six months ended November 30, 2016)2019).

The Company's consolidated results of operations showed a 16%22% decrease in net revenues and a decrease in net income of 69%35%. Revenues recorded in the current period for long-term construction projects (“Project(s)”) were 22%56% less than the level recorded in the prior year. We had 3429 Projects in process during the current period compared with 4233 during the same period last year. Revenues recorded in the current period for other-than long-term construction projects (non-projects) were 5% less30% more than the level recorded in the prior year. Total sales within the U.S. decreased 19%37% from the same period last year. Total sales to Asia increased 11%106% from the same period of the prior year. Sales decreases were recorded over the same period last year to customers involved in construction of buildings and bridges (30%(44%), were offset slightly by increases as well as in sales to industrial customers (31%(7%) and. There was an increase in sales to customers in aerospace / defense (2%(16%). The significant decrease in domestic sales is primarily from the reduction in sales to construction customers. Many prospective customers was the result of several factors including 1.) scheduling delays at customer construction sites, 2.) delays in receiving custom components from vendors, 3.) quality issues from a subcontractor, and 4.) testing bottlenecks caused by delays in getting a new test machine operating. Most of these issues are resolved and management is optimistic that the sales volume will improve in the subsequent quarters. Please refer toconstruction field have been delaying orders for several months as they consider the charts, below, which showpotential effects of the breakdown of sales. current COVID pandemic on the economy.

The gross profit as a percentage of net revenue of 25%20% in the current period is significantly lower than the 31%32% recorded in the same period of the prior year. The reductiondecrease in gross profit as a percentage of revenue is primarily due to 1.) a lower total volume of productthe significant reduction in domestic sales in the current period to cover non-variable manufacturing costs, and 2.) several projects in the current period that were very competitively bid.construction customers.

Sales of the Company’s products are made to three general groups of customers: industrial, construction and aerospace / defense. A breakdown of sales to the three general groups of customers is as follows:

At November 30, 2016,2019, the Company had 97132 open sales orders in our backlog with a total sales value of $20.6$17.1 million. At November 30, 2017,2020, the Company has 43% more107 open sales orders in our backlog, (139 orders), and the total sales value is $20.4$15.4 million.

The Company's backlog, revenues, commission expense, gross margins, gross profits, and net income fluctuate from period to period. The changes in the current period, compared to the prior period, are not necessarily representative of future results.

Net revenue by geographic region, as a percentage of total net revenue for the six month periods ended November 30, 20172020 and November 30, 20162019 is as follows:

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by 5%7% from the prior year. Outside commission expense decreased by 23%38% from last year's level due to lower levels of commissionable sales. Other selling, general and administrative expenses increased 3%1% from last year to this.this year.

The above factors resulted in an operating incomeloss of $445,000$478,000 for the six months ended November 30, 2017, 73% less than the $1,638,0002020, as compared to operating income of $1,508,000 in the same period of the prior year.

Other income during the period includes $1,462,000 of income due to the forgiveness of the loan by the Small Business Administration (SBA) under the Paycheck Protection Program of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act, discussed below.

A summary of the period to period changes in the principal items included in the condensed consolidated statements of income is shown below:

Sales under certain fixed-price contracts, in which the product has no alternative use to the Company and the Company has enforceable rights to payment for progress completed to date, inclusive of profit, are accounted for under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting whereby revenues are recognized based on estimates of completion prepared on a ratio of cost to total estimated cost basis. Costs include all material and direct and indirect charges related to specific contracts.

Adjustments to cost estimates are made periodically and any losses expected to be incurred on contracts in progress are charged to operations in the period such losses are determined. However, any profits expected on contracts in progress are recognized over the life of the contract.

For financial statement presentation purposes, the Company nets progress billings against the total costs incurred on uncompleted contracts. The asset, "costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings," represents revenues recognized in excess of amounts billed. The liability, "billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings," represents billings in excess of revenues recognized.

For the three months ended November 30, 20172020 (All figures discussed are for the three months ended November 30, 20172020 as compared to the three months ended November 30, 2016)2019).

The Company's consolidated results of operations showed a 38%39% decrease in net revenues and a decrease in net income of 94%30%. Revenues recorded in the current period for long-term construction projects (“Project(s)”) were 53%69% less than the level recorded in the prior year. WeThe Company had 3121 Projects in process during the current period as compared with 29to 26 during the same period last year. Revenues recorded in the current period for other-than long-term construction projects (non-projects) were 1%12% more than the level recorded in the prior year. Total sales within the U.S. decreased 38%52% from the same period last year. Total sales to Asia decreased 17%increased 167% from the same period of the prior year. Sales decreasesincreases were recorded over the same period last year to customers in aerospace / defense (4%), as well as to industrial customers (4%). There was a decrease in sales to customers involved in construction of buildings and bridges (62%), were offset slightly by increases in sales to industrial customers (25%) and to customers in aerospace / defense (4%(68%). The significant decrease in domestic sales is primarily from the reduction in sales to construction customers. Many prospective customers was the result of several factors including 1.) scheduling delays at customer construction sites, 2.) delays in receiving custom components from vendors, 3.) quality issues from a subcontractor, and 4.) testing bottlenecks caused by delays in getting a new test machine operating. Most of these issues are resolved and management is optimistic that the sales volume will improve in the subsequent quarters. Please refer toconstruction field have been delaying orders for several months as they consider the charts, below, which showpotential effects of the breakdown of sales. current COVID pandemic on the economy.

The gross profit as a percentage of net revenue of 26%12% in the current period is lowersignificantly less than the 35% recorded in the same period of the prior year.year (34%). The reductiondecrease in gross profit as a percentage of revenue is primarily due to 1.) a lower total volume of productthe significant reduction in domestic sales in the current period to cover non-variable manufacturing costs, and 2.) several projects in the current period that were very competitively bid.construction customers.

Sales of the Company’s products are made to three general groups of customers: industrial, construction and aerospace / defense. A breakdown of sales to the three general groups of customers is as follows:

Net revenue by geographic region, as a percentage of total net revenue for the three month periods ended November 30, 20172020 and November 30, 20162019, is as follows:

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by 11%18% from the prior year. Outside commission expense decreased by 35%63% from last year's level due to lower levels of commissionable sales.level. Other selling, general and administrative expenses increased 2%decreased 5% from last year to this.

The above factors resulted in an operating incomeloss of $35,000$670,000 for the three months ended November 30, 2017, significantly less than the $1,372,0002020, as compared to operating income of $1,115,000 in the same period of the prior year.

Other income during the period includes $1,462,000 of income due to the forgiveness of the loan by the SBA under the Paycheck Protection Program of the CARES Act, discussed below.

Stock Options

The Company has a stock option plan which provides for the granting of nonqualified or incentive stock options to officers, key employees and non-employee directors. Options granted under the plan are exercisable over a ten year term. Options not exercised at the end of the term expire.

The Company expenses stock options using the fair value recognition provisions of the FASB ASC. The Company recognized $56,000$50,000 and $79,000$55,000 of compensation cost for the six month periods ended November 30, 20172020 and 2016.2019.

The fair value of each stock option grant has been determined using the Black-Scholes model. The model considers assumptions related to exercise price, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, and the weighted average expected term of the stock option grants. Expected volatility assumptions used in the model were based on volatility of the Company's stock price for the thirty month period ending on the date of grant. The risk-free interest rate is derived from the U.S. treasury yield. The Company used a weighted average expected term.

The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes model to estimate the fair market value of the Company's stock option grants:

The ultimate value of the options will depend on the future price of the Company's common stock, which cannot be forecast with reasonable accuracy.

A summary of changes in the stock options outstanding during the six month period ended November 30, 20172020 is presented below:

Capital Resources Line of Credit and Long-Term Debt

The Company's primary liquidity is dependent upon the working capital needs. These are mainly inventory, accounts receivable, costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings, accounts payable, accrued commissions, and billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings. The Company's primary source of liquidity has been operations.

Capital expenditures for the six months ended November 30, 20172020 were $737,000$721,000 compared to $1,237,000$317,000 in the same period of the prior year. As of November 30, 2017,2020, the Company has commitments for capital expenditures totaling $150,000$200,000 during the next twelve months. These costs

During 2020, the Company received a loan totaling $1,462,000 from the SBA under the Paycheck Protection Program of the CARES Act, in response to the Coronavirus pandemic described below. The CARES Act permits that a loan may be forgiven if certain criteria are primarily relatedmet. The Company has been notified by our bank that the SBA has approved our application to acquisitionforgive the entire amount of new equipment used to test the function of products prior to shipment to customers.debt.

The Company believes it is carrying adequate insurance coverage on its facilities and their contents.

Effective August 30, 2017, the Company replaced its bank credit facility with a $10,000,000 bank demand line of credit, with interest payable at the Company's option of 30, 60 or 90 day LIBOR rate plus 2.25%. There is no balance outstanding as of November 30, 2017 or as of May 31, 2017. The line is unsecured and includes a negative pledge of substantially all of the Company’s property. This line of credit is subject to the usual terms and conditions applied by the bank, is subject to renewal annually, and is not subject to an express requirement on the bank’s part to lend.

NOTE: Inventory turnover is annualized for the six month period ended November 30, 2017.2020.

Inventory, at $11,790,000$8,868,000 as of November 30, 2017,2020, is $301,000, or 3%, more$1,239,000 less than the prior year-end level of $11,489,000.$10,107,000. Approximately 91%88% of the current inventory is work in process, 2%5% is finished goods, and 7% is raw materials.

Maintenance and other inventory represent stock that is estimated to have a product life cycle in excess of twelve months. This stock represents certain items the Company is required to maintain for service of products sold and items that are generally subject to spontaneous ordering. This inventory is particularly sensitive to technological obsolescence in the near term due to its use in industries characterized by the continuous introduction of new product lines, rapid technological advances and product obsolescence. Management of the Company has recorded an allowance for potential inventory obsolescence. The provision for potential inventory obsolescence was $60,000zero and $90,000 for the six month periods ended November 30, 20172020 and 2016.2019. The Company continues to rework slow-moving inventory, where applicable, to convert it to product to be used on customer orders.

Accounts Receivable, Costs and Estimated Earnings in Excess of Billings (“CIEB"), and Billings in Excess of Costs and Estimated Earnings ("BIEC")

The Company combines the totals of accounts receivable, the current asset, CIEB, and the current liability, BIEC, to determine how much cash the Company will eventually realize from revenue recorded to date. As the accounts receivable figure rises in relation to the other two figures, the Company can anticipate increased cash receipts within the ensuing 30-60 days.

Accounts receivable of $3,509,000$4,822,000 as of November 30, 20172020 includes approximately $818,000 of amounts retained by customers on Projects. It is expected that amounts retained by customers under contracts will be released in the normal course of the business in accordance with the related contracts. Accounts receivable also includes $110,000$211,000 of an allowance for doubtful accounts (“Allowance”). The accounts receivable balance as of May 31, 20172020 of $2,546,000$5,819,000 included an Allowance of $110,000.

$211,000. The number of an average day's sales outstanding in accounts receivable (“DSO”) increased from 3668 days at May 31, 20172020 to 6692 at November 30, 2017. 2020. The DSO is a function of 1.) the level of sales for an average day (for example, total sales for the past three months divided by 90 days) and 2.) the level of accounts receivable at the balance sheet date. The level of sales for an average day in the second quarter of the current fiscal year is 24%39% less than in the fourth quarter of the prior year. The level of accounts receivable at the end of the current fiscal quarter is 38% more17% less than the level at the end of the prior year. The combined effectdecrease in the level of these two factorsan average day’s sales off-set by the decrease in the level of accounts receivable caused the DSO to increase from last year end to this quarter-end. The primary reasons for the increase in the level of accounts receivable from last year end to this quarter-end, in spite of a significantly lower level of sales, were higher billings in the latter half of the quarter and lower level of collections during the quarter. The Company expects to collect the net accounts receivable balance including the retainage, during the next twelve months.

As noted above, CIEB represents revenues recognized in excess of amounts billed. Whenever possible, the Company negotiates a provision in sales contracts to allow the Company to bill, and collect from the customer, payments in advance of shipments. Unfortunately, such provisions are often not possible. The $7,519,000$1,543,000 balance in this account at November 30, 20172020 is 9% more12% less than the prior year-end balance. This increasedecrease is the result of normal flow of the projectsProjects through production with billings to the customers as permitted in the related contracts. The Company expects to bill the entire amount during the next twelve months. 32%59% of the CIEB balance as of the end of the last fiscal quarter, August 31, 2017,2020, was billed to those customers in the current fiscal quarter ended November 30, 2017.2020. The remainder will be billed as the Projects progress, in accordance with the terms specified in the various contracts.

The balances in this account are comprised of the following components:

As noted above, BIEC represents billings to customers in excess of revenues recognized. The $793,000$381,000 balance in this account at November 30, 20172020 is down 39%48% from the $1,296,000$737,000 balance at the end of the prior year.

The balance in this account fluctuates in the same manner and for the same reasons as the account “costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings”,billings,” discussed above. Final delivery of product under these contracts is expected to occur during the next twelve months.

The balances in this account are comprised of the following components:

Summary of factors affecting the balances in CIEB and BIEC:

The Company's backlog of sales orders at November 30, 20172020 is $20.4$15.4 million, slightly less thanup from the $20.6$9.8 million at the end of the prior year. $7.2$4.8 million of the current backlog is on Projects already in progress.

Other Balance Sheet Items

Accounts payable, at $1,341,000$879,000 as of November 30, 2017,2020, is 1% more36% less than the prior year-end. Commission expense on applicable sales orders is recognized at the time revenue is recognized. The commission is paid following receipt of payment from the customers. Accrued commissions as of November 30, 20172020 are $1,105,000,$326,000, up 31%7% from the $847,000$306,000 accrued at the prior year-end. This large increase is due to the increases in the accounts receivable and CIEB, discussed above. Other current liabilities increased slightlydecreased 47% from the prior year-end, to $919,000.$876,000. This decrease is primarily due to a decrease in accrued incentive compensation and customer advance payments. The Company expects the current accrued amounts to be paid or applied during the next twelve months.

Management believes the Company's cash flows from operations and borrowing capacity under the bank line of credit are sufficient to fund ongoing operations and capital improvements for the next twelve months.

Coronavirus Pandemic

Company management currently does not have reason to believe that the COVID-19 pandemic will adversely affect our ability to meet our obligations to our customers. Our top priorities continue to be the health and safety of our employees and their families along with supporting our customers.  Thanks to the careful adherence to our COVID-19 safety measures by our workforce as well as our customers and suppliers, we remain in a strong position with respect to being able to process existing orders and we are quite prepared to process new orders as they are secured.  Our high-spirited, healthy workforce continues to adjust their work schedules as the needs arise.

While the majority of our customers remain open to continue to receive shipments from us and issue new purchase orders to us, many of our construction customers continue to delay ordering materials while they attempt to determine the extent and impact of the pandemic on their projects. This continues to keep our revenue and our backlog of sales orders at a lower level.

The liquidity of the Company remains strong at this time. Management, however, is concerned about the uncertainty of the length of time during which the virus will continue to affect our customers’ purchasing plans. A prolonged economic downturn would have a negative impact on our operations and our liquidity. For this reason, we have applied for and have received assistance from the federal government under provisions of the CARES Act, as discussed above.

Our Supply Chain Management team is in communication with our partners around the globe so that we can be updated on any delays that may occur. To date, there have been no significant delays in receiving our raw materials, purchased components or outside services that affect our final product.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Smaller reporting companies are not required to provide the information called for by this item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

(a)        Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.

The Company's principal executive officer and principal financial officer have evaluated the Company's disclosure controls and procedures as of November 30, 20172020 and have concluded that as of the evaluation date, the disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms and that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b)        Changes in internal control over financial reporting.

There have been no changes in the Company's internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended November 30, 20172020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's control over financial reporting.

Part II - Other Information

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

Taylor Devices, Inc.

Results of Review of Interim Financial Information

We have reviewed the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet of Taylor Devices, Inc. and Subsidiary (the Company) as of November 30, 2017,2020, and the related condensed consolidated statements of income and shareholders’ equity for the three and six months ended November 30, 20172020 and 20162019 and cash flows for the six months ended November 30, 20172020 and 2016. These2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the interim financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management.

We conducted our reviews in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States)information). A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements referred to above for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of May 31, 2017,2020, and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in stockholders'stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated August 4, 2017,7, 2020, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of May 31, 20172020, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.

Basis for Review Results

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

Lumsden & McCormick, LLP

Buffalo, New York

January 12, 2018December 31, 2020

TAYLOR DEVICES, INC.

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.