UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q



x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018



o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to �� .

Commission File Number 001-08454

ACCO Brands Corporation

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)



Delaware	36-2704017
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

Four Corporate Drive

Lake Zurich, Illinois 60047

(Address of Registrant’s Principal Executive Office, Including Zip Code)

(847) 541-9500

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer, smaller reporting company and emerging growth company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	o
Non-accelerated filer	o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	o
		Emerging growth company	o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

As of October 24, ~~2017,~~2018, the registrant had outstanding ~~106,551,024~~102,739,645 shares of Common Stock.

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements ~~included~~contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q other than statements of historical fact, particularly those anticipating future financial performance, business prospects, growth, operating strategies and similar matters are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of ~~Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in~~ the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of ~~1995, and are including this statement for purposes of invoking these safe harbor provisions.~~1995. These ~~forward-looking~~ statements, which are ~~based on certain assumptions and describe future plans, strategies and expectations of the ACCO Brands Corporation (the "Company"), are~~ generally identifiable by the use of the words "will," "believe," "expect," "intend," "anticipate," "estimate," "forecast," "project," "plan," and similar expressions, are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, are made as of the date hereof, and we undertake no duty or ~~similar expressions. In particular, our business outlook is based on certain assumptions, which we believe~~obligation to be reasonable under the circumstances. These include, without limitation, assumptions regarding the timing, costs and synergies expected from the integration of acquisitions; changes in the macro environment; fluctuations in foreign currency rates; changes in the competitive landscape, consumer behavior and the office products industry; as well as other factors described below.

~~Our ability to predict results or the actual effect of future plans or strategies is inherently uncertain.~~update them. Because actual results may differ materially from those ~~predicted~~suggested or implied by such forward-looking statements, you should not place undue reliance on them when deciding whether to buy, sell or hold the ~~Company’s~~Company's securities. ~~Our forward-looking statements are made as of the date hereof and we undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements in the future, except as may be required by law.~~

Some of the factors that could affect our results or cause plans, actions and results to differ materially from current expectations are detailed in "Part I, Item 1. Business" and "Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016,~~2017, in "Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018, in "Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors" of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and the financial statement line item discussions set forth in "Part I, Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and from time to time in our other Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") filings.

Website Access to Securities and Exchange Commission Reports

The Company’s Internet website can be found at www.accobrands.com. The Company makes available free of charge on or through its website its Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as soon as practicable after the Company files them with, or furnishes them to, the SEC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets


	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016			September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
(in millions of dollars)	(unaudited)
(in millions)							(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	101.3		$	42.9		$	95.0		$	76.9
Accounts receivable, net	418.4			391.0			421.2			469.3
Inventories	307.2			210.0			332.1			254.2
Other current assets	38.2			26.8			48.3			29.2
Total current assets	865.1			670.7			896.6			829.6
Total property, plant and equipment	643.4			528.0			643.5			645.2
Less: accumulated depreciation	(361.6		)	(329.6		)	(377.3		)	(366.7		)
Property, plant and equipment, net	281.8			198.4			266.2			278.5
Deferred income taxes	143.1			27.3			118.2			137.9
Goodwill	677.9			587.1			684.4			670.3
Identifiable intangibles, net	848.4			565.7			802.0			839.9
Other non-current assets	40.4			15.3			35.8			42.9
Total assets	$	2,856.7		$	2,064.5		$	2,803.2		$	2,799.1
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Notes payable	$	0.1		$	63.7
Current portion of long-term debt	28.5			4.8			$	54.8		$	43.2
Accounts payable	192.0			135.1			211.5			178.2
Accrued compensation	49.6			42.8			42.5			60.9
Accrued customer program liabilities	118.6			94.0			120.0			141.1
Accrued interest	6.9			1.3			6.6			1.2
Other current liabilities	114.2			64.7			113.8			113.8
Total current liabilities	509.9			406.4			549.2			538.4
Long-term debt, net	1,005.9			627.7			958.6			889.2
Deferred income taxes	250.2			146.7			173.9			177.1
Pension and post-retirement benefit obligations	264.2			98.0			242.7			275.5
Other non-current liabilities	105.0			77.0			129.7			144.8
Total liabilities	2,135.2			1,355.8			2,054.1			2,025.0
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock	1.1			1.1			1.1			1.1
Treasury stock	(26.3		)	(17.0		)	(33.9		)	(26.4		)
Paid-in capital	1,993.5			2,015.7			1,938.2			1,999.7
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(433.7		)	(419.4		)	(470.7		)	(461.1		)
Accumulated deficit	(813.1		)	(871.7		)	(685.6		)	(739.2		)
Total stockholders' equity	721.5			708.7			749.1			774.1
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	2,856.7		$	2,064.5		$	2,803.2		$	2,799.1

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Income

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions of dollars, except per share data)	2017			2016			2017			2016
(in millions, except per share data)													2018			2017			2018			2017
Net sales	$	532.2		$	431.3		$	1,382.0		$	1,119.5		$	507.3		$	532.2		$	1,411.9		$	1,382.0
Cost of products sold	354.3			287.1			924.8			758.1			346.5			354.0			961.2			924.1
Gross profit	177.9			144.2			457.2			361.4			160.8			178.2			450.7			457.9
Operating costs and expenses:
Advertising, selling, general and administrative expenses	107.5			82.3			301.3			233.1
Selling, general and administrative expenses													92.8			109.8			294.6			308.2
Amortization of intangibles	9.4			5.8			26.4			15.9			9.4			9.4			27.2			26.4
Restructuring charges	2.3			0.4			16.1			4.8			1.1			2.3			7.9			16.1
Total operating costs and expenses	119.2			88.5			343.8			253.8			103.3			121.5			329.7			350.7
Operating income	58.7			55.7			113.4			107.6			57.5			56.7			121.0			107.2
Non-operating expense (income):
Interest expense	10.7			13.0			31.3			36.5			11.6			10.7			30.9			31.3
Interest income	(1.6		)	(1.8		)	(4.9		)	(5.1		)	(1.1		)	(1.6		)	(3.5		)	(4.9		)
Equity in earnings of joint-venture	—			—			—			(2.1		)
Other (income) expense, net	(0.2		)	6.8			(1.0		)	(28.7		)
Non-operating pension income													(2.6		)	(2.0		)	(7.1		)	(6.2		)
Other expense (income), net													0.6			(0.2		)	1.6			(1.0		)
Income before income tax	49.8			37.7			88.0			107.0			49.0			49.8			99.1			88.0
Income tax expense	19.2			15.0			30.3			17.6			13.4			19.2			27.4			30.3
Net income	$	30.6		$	22.7		$	57.7		$	89.4		$	35.6		$	30.6		$	71.7		$	57.7

Per share:
Basic income per share	$	0.28		$	0.21		$	0.53		$	0.84		$	0.34		$	0.28		$	0.68		$	0.53
Diluted income per share	$	0.28		$	0.21		$	0.52		$	0.82		$	0.34		$	0.28		$	0.66		$	0.52

Weighted average number of shares outstanding:
Basic	108.1			107.2			108.6			106.8			103.8			108.1			105.6			108.6
Diluted	110.3			109.4			111.5			108.9			105.9			110.3			107.9			111.5

Dividends per common share													$	0.06		$	—		$	0.18		$	—

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions of dollars) 2017 2016 2017 2016
Net income $ 30.6
$ 22.7
$ 57.7
$ 89.4
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized income (loss) on derivative instruments, net of tax benefit (expense) of $0.2 and $(0.2) and $1.5 and $0.7, respectively —
0.5
(3.5 ) (1.6 )

Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax benefit (expense) of $0.4 and $0.0 and $4.6 and $0.0, respectively 1.2
(4.9 ) (5.6 ) 35.4

Recognition of deferred pension and other post-retirement items, net of tax benefit (expense) of $0.6 and $(0.9) and $1.4 and $(3.6), respectively (2.0 ) 2.7
(5.2 ) 10.0
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax (0.8 ) (1.7 ) (14.3 ) 43.8

Comprehensive income $ 29.8
$ 21.0
$ 43.4
$ 133.2



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2018			2017			2018			2017
Net income	$	35.6		$	30.6		$	71.7		$	57.7
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized (loss) income on derivative instruments, net of tax benefit (expense) of $0.3 and $0.2 and $(1.1) and $1.5, respectively	(0.7		)	—			2.8			(3.5		)

Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax (expense) benefit of $1.2 and $0.4 and $(1.6) and $4.6, respectively	(4.5		)	1.2			(18.6		)	(5.6		)

Recognition of deferred pension and other post-retirement items, net of tax (expense) benefit of $(0.4) and $0.6 and $(1.9) and $1.4, respectively	1.1			(2.0		)	6.2			(5.2		)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(4.1		)	(0.8		)	(9.6		)	(14.3		)

Comprehensive income	$	31.5		$	29.8		$	62.1		$	43.4

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions of dollars)	2017			2016
(in millions)							2018			2017
Operating activities
Net income	$	57.7		$	89.4		$	71.7		$	57.7
Gain on revaluation of previously held joint-venture equity interest	—			(28.9		)
Amortization of inventory step-up	0.9			0.4			—			0.9
Loss (gain) on disposal of assets	0.2			(0.5		)
Loss on disposal of assets							0.1			0.2
Depreciation	26.3			23.0			25.5			26.3
Amortization of debt issuance costs	2.4			3.2			1.5			2.4
Amortization of intangibles	26.4			15.9			27.2			26.4
Stock-based compensation	11.9			12.1			6.0			11.9
Equity in earnings of joint-venture, net of dividends received	—			(1.6		)
Loss on debt extinguishment							0.3			—
Changes in balance sheet items:
Accounts receivable	64.6			67.7			46.2			64.6
Inventories	(48.4		)	(31.3		)	(81.2		)	(48.4		)
Other assets	(5.0		)	—			(0.6		)	(5.0		)
Accounts payable	(3.5		)	(7.3		)	39.1			(3.5		)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(20.0		)	(37.7		)	(58.1		)	(20.0		)
Accrued income taxes	2.2			6.5			7.0			2.2
Net cash provided by operating activities	115.7			110.9			84.7			115.7
Investing activities
Additions to property, plant and equipment	(18.8		)	(11.1		)	(26.3		)	(18.8		)
Proceeds from the disposition of assets	0.1			0.8			0.2			0.1
Cost of acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(292.3		)	(88.8		)	(37.3		)	(292.3		)
Net cash used by investing activities	(311.0		)	(99.1		)	(63.4		)	(311.0		)
Financing activities
Proceeds from long-term borrowings	474.1			187.4			217.4			474.1
Repayments of long-term debt	(180.5		)	(163.5		)	(118.3		)	(180.5		)
Borrowings of notes payable, net	—			7.8
Payments for debt issuance costs	(3.5		)	(0.8		)	(0.6		)	(3.5		)
Dividends paid							(18.9		)	—
Repurchases of common stock	(36.3		)	—			(75.0		)	(36.3		)
Payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation	(9.3		)	(5.0		)	(7.5		)	(9.3		)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	3.2			1.9			6.8			3.2
Net cash provided by financing activities	247.7			27.8			3.9			247.7
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	6.0			6.0			(7.1		)	6.0
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	58.4			45.6			18.1			58.4
Cash and cash equivalents
Beginning of the period	42.9			55.4			76.9			42.9
End of the period	$	101.3		$	101.0		$	95.0		$	101.3

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1. Basis of Presentation

As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018, the terms "ACCO Brands," "ACCO," the "Company," "we," "us," and "our" refer to ACCO Brands Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.

The management of ACCO Brands Corporation is responsible for the accuracy and internal consistency of the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Although the Company believes the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading, certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. ("GAAP") have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016~~2017.

The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, ~~2017,~~2018, the related Consolidated Statements of Income and the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017 and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017 are unaudited. The December 31, ~~2016,~~2017 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all annual disclosures required by GAAP. The above referenced financial statements included herein were prepared by management ~~on the same basis as the Company's audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016,~~ and reflect all adjustments (consisting solely of normal recurring items unless otherwise noted) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair presentation of results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016,~~2017, and the financial position of the Company as of September 30, ~~2017.~~2018. Interim results may not be indicative of results for a full year.

On July 2, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition (the "GOBA Acquisition") of GOBA Internacional, S.A. de C.V. ("GOBA"), a leading provider of school and craft products in Mexico under the Barrilito^®brand, for a preliminary purchase price of approximately $37.3 million, net of cash acquired, and subject to working capital and other adjustments. The GOBA Acquisition is expected to increase the breadth and depth of our distribution, especially with wholesalers and retailers throughout Mexico and complement our existing office products portfolio with a strong offering of school products. The results of GOBA are included in the ACCO Brands International segment as of July 2, 2018.

On January 31, 2017, the Company completed the acquisition (the "Esselte Acquisition") of Esselte Group Holdings AB ("Esselte"). Accordingly, the financial results of Esselte are included in the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements as of February 1, 2017, and are reflected in all three of the Company's reportable segments.

See "Note 3. ~~Acquisition"~~Acquisitions" for details on the ~~Esselte Acquisition.~~acquisitions.

~~On May 2, 2016,~~In accordance with the adoption of the Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") No. 2017-07, Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost, the Company ~~completed~~has retrospectively revised its presentation of pension costs, reclassifying the ~~acquisition~~non-service components of Australia Stationery Industries, Inc. (the "PA Acquisition"), which indirectly owned the 50% of the Pelikan Artline joint-venture and the issued capital stock of Pelikan Artline Pty Limited (collectively, "Pelikan Artline") that was not already owned by the Company. Priorperiodic pension income/cost to ~~the PA Acquisition, the Pelikan Artline joint-venture was accounted for using the equity method. From the date of the PA Acquisition, which was May 2, 2016, the results of Pelikan Artline are included~~"Non-operating pension income" in the ~~Company's condensed consolidated financial statements and are reported in the ACCO Brands International segment. Accordingly, we no longer separately report equity in earnings from this joint-venture.~~

~~Effective with the first quarter~~Consolidated Statements of 2017, as a result of the Esselte Acquisition, the Company realigned its operating structure, which impacted its determination of its business segments for financial reporting purposes. As a result, the Company no longer reports the financial results of its Computer Products Group as a separate segment. Prior year amounts included herein have been restated to conform to the current year presentation.Income. See "Note ~~15. Information on Business Segments"~~2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements and Adopted Accounting Standards" for details on the ~~realigned segments.~~new standard.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements and Adopted Accounting Standards

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In ~~March 2017,~~August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued ASU No. ~~2017-07, "Compensation~~2018-15, Intangibles - ~~Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving~~Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract. This ASU aligns the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Post-retirement Benefit Cost." The standard requires employers to disaggregate the service cost component from the other components of net benefit cost and disclose the amount of net benefit cost that is included in the income statement or capitalized in assets, by line item. The standard requires employers to report the service cost component in the same line item(s) as other compensationrequirements for capitalizing implementation costs ~~and to report~~

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)

~~other pension-related~~incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs ~~(which~~incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include ~~interest costs, amortization~~an internal use software license). The Company is currently in the process of ~~pension-related costs from prior periods,~~evaluating the impact of adoption of ASU 2018-15 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. ASU 2018-015 is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2019. Early adoption of the standard is permitted, including adoption in any interim period for which financial statements have not been issued.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Subtopic 715-20), Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosures Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220). This ASU removes disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial, clarifies the specific requirements of disclosures, and adds disclosure requirements identified as relevant. The Company does not expect the ~~gains or losses~~adoption of ASU 2018-14 to have a material impact on ~~plan assets) separately~~its consolidated financial statements. ASU 2018-14 is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for all entities and ~~exclude them from the subtotal of operating income. The standard also allows only the service cost component~~is to be ~~eligible for capitalization when applicable. The guidance requires application~~applied on a retrospective ~~basis~~basis. The Company will adopt ASU 2018-14 at the end of its 2018 fiscal year.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220). In December 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "U.S. Tax Act") was signed into law. Prior to ASU 2018-02, GAAP required deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities to be adjusted for the ~~presentation~~effect of a change in tax laws or rates with the effect included in income from continuing operations in the reporting period including the enactment date. The U.S. Tax Act reduces the historical U.S. corporate tax rate and the effect of that change is required to be included in income from continuing operations, even if the original tax effects were recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("AOCI"). This could cause some tax effects to become stranded in AOCI as they are not updated to reflect the new tax rate. This new standard allows a company to elect to reclass the stranded tax effects resulting from the U.S. Tax Act from AOCI to retained earnings. The adoption of the ~~service cost component and the other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic post-retirement benefit cost~~new standard may be applied in the ~~income statement and~~period of adoption or retrospectively to each period(s) effected by the change in the corporate tax rate. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of ASU 2018-02 on ~~a prospective basis for~~ the ~~capitalization of the service cost component of net periodic pension cost and net periodic post-retirement benefit in assets.~~Company’s consolidated financial statements. ASU ~~No. 2017-07~~2018-02 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, ~~2017, and interim periods within those years.~~2018. Early adoption of the standard is permitted, ~~as of the beginning of an annual~~including adoption in any interim period for which ~~interim~~ financial statements have not been issued.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivative and Hedging (Topic 815), Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. This ASU improves certain aspects of the hedge accounting model, including making more risk management strategies eligible for hedge accounting and simplifying the assessment of hedge effectiveness. The Company is currently in the process of assessing the impact of adoption of ASU 2017-12 on the Company's consolidated financial statements. The Company will adopt ASU ~~2017-07~~2017-12 at the beginning of its ~~2018~~2019 fiscal year. The adoption of ASU No. 2017-07 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's net income, but it is expected to have a material effect on its operating income. If the Company uses the practical expedient that permits an employer to use the amounts disclosed in its pension and other retiree benefits footnote, included in our ~~Annual Report on Form 10-K,~~ for the prior comparative periods, as the basis for applying the retrospective presentation requirements, the Company's operating income would be reduced by approximately $8 million for each of the years 2016 and 2017.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This ~~new~~ASU amends the existing accounting standard ~~will require the~~for leases. The amendments are intended to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosure of most leases as lease assets (right-of-use assets) and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under current GAAP. Lease expense on the income statement is similar in manner to current accounting. Thiskey information about leasing arrangements. The new standard ~~also includes increased disclosures to meet the objective of enabling users of financial statements to understand more about the nature of an entity’s leasing activities. ASU 2016-02 is~~will be effective for ~~fiscal years~~annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within ~~those fiscal years. Early~~that reporting period, and early adoption is ~~permitted~~permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact it will have on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures, but expects the impact to the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet to be material. At this time, the Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-02 is to ~~be done~~have a material impact on ~~a modified retrospective basis.~~its Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company is ~~currently~~ in the process of ~~evaluating the impact of adoption of ASU 2016-02 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements~~analyzing existing leases, practical expedients, and ~~it currently expects that most of~~deploying its operating lease commitments will be subject to the new standard and will be recognized as operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets upon the adoption of ASU 2016-02. It is expected that these changes will be material to the Company's consolidated financial statements.implementation strategy. The Company will adopt ASU 2016-02 at the beginning of its 2019 fiscal year.

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which supersedes substantially all existing revenue recognition requirements, including most industry-specific guidance. The new standard requires a company to recognize revenue when it transfers goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that the company expects to receive for those goods or services. The FASB has subsequently issued the following amendments to ASU 2014-09, which have the same effective date and transition date of January 1, 2018:

~~In August 2015,~~July 2018, the FASB issued ASU ~~No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers~~2018-11 Leases (Topic ~~606): Deferral of~~842), Targeted Improvements. With this ASU, the ~~Effective Date, which delayed~~FASB decided to provide another transition method in addition to the ~~effective date of the new standard from January 1, 2017 to January 1, 2018. The FASB also agreed to allow~~existing transition method by allowing entities to ~~choose to adopt~~initially apply ASU 2016-02 at the ~~standard as of~~adoption date (January 1, 2019 for the ~~original effective date.~~

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations, which clarifies the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations.

~~In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations~~Company) and ~~Licensing, which clarifies certain aspects of identifying performance obligations and licensing implementation guidance.~~

In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients related to disclosures of remaining performance obligations, as well as other amendments to guidance on collectability, non-cash consideration and the presentation of sales and other similar taxes collected from customers.

In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which amends certain narrow aspects of the guidance issued in ASU 2014-09 including guidance relatedrecognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. An entity that elects this additional (and optional) transition method must provide the required Topic 840 disclosures for all periods that continue to be in accordance with Topic 840. The amendments do not change the existing disclosure requirements in Topic 840 (for example, they do not create interim disclosure requirements that entities previously were not required to provide). The Company will apply this new transition method upon adoption of remaining performance obligations and prior-period performance obligations, as well as other amendments to the guidance on loan guarantee fees, contract costs, refund liabilities, advertising costs and the clarification of certain examples.ASU 2016-02.

There are ~~two methods of adoption allowed, either~~no other recently issued accounting standards that are expected to have a ~~"full" retrospective adoption or a "modified" retrospective adoption. The Company expects to use the modified retrospective method of adoption on January 1, 2018. Based~~material effect on the ~~Company's assessment~~Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flow.

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)

and detailed review of the historical revenue transactions with our customers, the impact of the application of ASU 2014-09 is expected to be immaterial to the Company's consolidated financial statements in any interim or annual reporting period. The Company has identified certain customer contracts in its private label/custom product revenue stream which will be recognized over time under the new revenue recognition standard as compared to a point in time under the current standard. The Company expects that revenue recognition related to the processing, fulfillment and shipment of its goods and services will remain substantially unchanged. The Company will conclude on the impact of the application of ASU 2014-09 as of January 1, 2018.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

~~In March 2016,~~On January 1, 2018, we adopted the ~~FASB issued~~accounting standard ASU No. ~~2016-09,~~2017-07, Compensation - ~~Stock Compensation~~Retirement Benefits (Topic ~~718)~~715): ~~Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This~~Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. The new standard ~~simplifies the accounting for employee share-based payments~~requires presentation of all components of net periodic pension and ~~involves several aspects of the accounting for share-based transactions, including the potential timing of~~postretirement benefit costs, other than service costs, in an income statement line item included in "Non-operating expense (income)." The service cost component will continue to be presented in selling, general and administrative expenses the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities and classification on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods.("SG&A"). The Company ~~adopted ASU 2016-09 effective with~~used the ~~first quarter of 2017. The~~practical expedient which permits an employer to use the amounts disclosed in its pension disclosures as the basis for applying the retrospective presentation requirements. On this basis, the Company made the allowed accounting policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur, which will affect the timing of stock compensation expense, but not the overall expense. The change in accounting of forfeitures, along with the changes related to how excess tax benefits are recognized, has been done using a modified retrospective transition method by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to equity as of the beginning of the first quarter of 2017,restated its operating income, which was ~~not material. An effect of~~reduced by $8.5 million for the ~~change was to require recognition of excess tax benefits in our "Consolidated Statements of Income" rather than as a component of equity under~~year ended December 31, 2017. For the ~~previous standard; therefore, for the~~three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 the restated amounts were $2.0 million and $6.2 million, respectively.

On January 1, 2018, we adopted the accounting standard ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers and all the related amendments (Topic 606) and applied it to contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. A completed contract is one where all (or substantially all) of the revenue was recognized in accordance with the revenue guidance that was in effect before the date of initial application of ASU 2014-09. We recognized the cumulative effect of $1.6 million, net of tax, upon adopting ASU 2014-09 as an addition to opening retained earnings as of January 1, 2018. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods.

The majority of our revenue is recognized at a ~~tax benefit~~point in time, when control is transferred to our customer, which is usually when products are shipped or delivered based upon the specific terms contained within the agreement. Our general payment terms are usually within 30-90 days. We do not have any significant financing components.

The cumulative effect of ~~$5.5 million was recorded~~the changes on our January 1, 2018 opening Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet due to the ~~Company's income statement.~~adoption of ASU 2014-09 was as follows:



(in millions)	Balance at December 31, 2017			Adjustments due to ASU 2014-09			Balance at January 1, 2018
Assets:
Inventories	$	254.2		$	(3.5	)	$	250.7
Other current assets	29.2			6.9			36.1

Liabilities and stockholders' equity:
Accrued customer program liabilities	141.1			1.1			142.2
Other current liabilities	113.8			0.1			113.9
Deferred income taxes	177.1			0.6			177.7
Accumulated deficit	(739.2		)	1.6			(737.6		)

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)

The impact of the adoption of ASU 2014-09 on our Consolidated Statements of Income and Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018							Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
(in millions)	As Reported		Balances without adoption of ASU 2014-09		Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)			As Reported			Balances without adoption of ASU 2014-09			Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Consolidated Statements of Income:
Net sales	$	507.3	$	508.0	$	(0.7	)	$	1,411.9		$	1,413.1		$	(1.2	)
Cost of products sold	346.5		346.9		(0.4		)	961.2			961.9			(0.7		)
Income tax expense	13.4		13.4		—			27.4			27.5			(0.1		)
Net income	35.6		35.9		(0.3		)	71.7			72.1			(0.4		)

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet:
Assets:
Accounts receivable, net								421.2			418.7			2.5
Inventories								332.1			335.1			(3.0		)
Other current assets								48.3			42.3			6.0

Liabilities and stockholders' equity:
Accrued customer program liabilities								120.0			120.8			(0.8		)
Other current liabilities								113.8			109.2			4.6
Deferred income taxes								173.9			173.4			0.5
Accumulated deficit								(685.6		)	(686.8		)	1.2

See "Note 5. Revenue Recognition" for the required disclosures related to ASU 2014-09.

3. Acquisitions

Acquisition of GOBA

On July 2, 2018, the Company completed the GOBA Acquisition. GOBA is a leading provider of school and craft products in Mexico under the Barrilito^®brand. The GOBA Acquisition is expected to increase the breadth and depth of our distribution, especially with wholesalers and retailers throughout Mexico and complement our existing office products portfolio with a strong offering of school products. The results of GOBA are included in the ACCO Brands International segment as of July 2, 2018.

The purchase price paid at closing was Mex$782.5 million (US$39.2 million based on July 2, 2018 exchange rates), subject to working capital and other adjustments. The preliminary purchase price, net of cash acquired of $1.9 million, was $37.3 million. A portion of the purchase price (Mex$115.0 million ($5.8 million based on July 2, 2018 exchange rates)) is being held in an escrow account for a period of up to 5 years after closing in the event of any claims against the sellers under the stock purchase agreement. The Company may also make claims against the sellers directly, subject to limitations in the stock purchase agreement, if the escrow is depleted. The GOBA Acquisition and related expenses were funded by increased borrowing under our 2017 Revolving Facility (as defined below).

For accounting purposes, the Company was the acquiring enterprise. The GOBA Acquisition was accounted for as a purchase combination and GOBA's results are included in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements as of July 2, 2018. The net sales for GOBA for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 were $10.0 million.

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)

The following table presents the preliminary allocation of the consideration given to the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition.



(in millions)	At July 2, 2018
Calculation of Goodwill:
Purchase price, net of working capital adjustment	$	39.2

Plus fair value of liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	9.0
Deferred tax liabilities	3.2
Other non-current liabilities	5.5
Fair value of liabilities assumed	$	17.7

Less fair value of assets acquired:
Cash acquired	1.9
Accounts receivable	28.6
Inventory	7.3
Property, plant and equipment	0.6
Identifiable intangibles	10.5
Deferred tax assets	1.8
Other assets	4.2
Fair value of assets acquired	$	54.9

Goodwill	$	2.0

We are continuing our review of our fair value estimate of assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the measurement period, which will conclude as soon as we receive the information we are seeking about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date or learn that more information is not available. This measurement period will not exceed one year from the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired is allocated to goodwill.

Our fair value estimate of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is pending the completion of several elements, including the valuations of the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and final review by our management. The primary areas that are not yet finalized relate to intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, liabilities and income and other taxes. Accordingly, there could be material adjustments to our condensed consolidated financial statements, including changes in our amortization and depreciation expense related to the valuation of intangible assets and property and equipment acquired and their respective useful lives, among other adjustments.

The final determination of the purchase price, fair values and resulting goodwill may differ significantly from what is reflected in these condensed consolidated financial statements.

During the three and nine ended September 30, 2018, transaction costs related to the GOBA Acquisition were $0.6 million and $0.9 million, respectively. These costs were reported as interest and selling, general and administrative expenses in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.

Pro forma financial information is not presented due to immateriality.

Acquisition of Esselte

On January 31, 2017, ACCO Europe Limited ("ACCO Europe"), an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, completed the Esselte Acquisition. The Esselte Acquisition was made pursuant to the share purchase agreement dated October 21, 2016, as amended (the "Purchase Agreement"), among ACCO Europe, the Company and an entity controlled by J. W. Childs (the ~~"Seller"~~

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)

"Seller").

~~With~~As a result of the acquisition of Esselte, ACCO Brands isbecame a leading European manufacturer and marketer of branded ~~business~~consumer and office products. The Esselte ~~takes products to market under~~Acquisition added the Leitz^®, Rapid^® and Esselte^® brands in the storage and organization, stapling, punching, business machines and do-it-yourself tools product ~~categories.~~categories to the Company's portfolio. The combination improved ACCO Brands’ scale and enhanced its position as an industry leader in Europe.

The purchase price paid at closing was €302.9 million (US$326.8 million based on January 31, 2017 exchange rates) and was subject to a working capital adjustment that reduced it by $0.3 million. The purchase price, net of cash acquired of $34.2 million, was $292.3 million. A portion of the purchase price (€8.1 million (US$8.7 million based on January 31, 2017 exchange rates)) is being held in an escrow account for a period of up to two years after closing as ACCO Europe’s sole recourse against Seller in the event of any claims against Seller under the Purchase Agreement. As of September 30, 2018, the balance remaining in the escrow account was $6.9 million. A warranty and indemnity insurance policy held by the Company and ACCO Europe insures certain of Seller’s contractual obligations to ACCO Europe under the Purchase Agreement for up to €40.0 million (US$43.2 million based on January 31, 2017 exchange rates) for a period of up to seven years, subject to certain deductibles and limitations set forth in the policy.

The Esselte Acquisition and related expenses were funded through a term loan of €300.0 million (US$320.8 million based on January 27, 2017 exchange rates) and cash on hand. ~~See "Note 4. Long-term Debt and Short-term Borrowings" for details.~~

For accounting purposes, the Company iswas the acquiring enterprise. The Esselte Acquisition ~~is being~~was accounted for as a purchase combination and Esselte's results are included in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements as of February 1, 2017. ~~Esselte's results~~The January 2018 net sales for ~~the~~ ~~three and nine~~ ~~months ended~~ ~~September 30, 2017~~ ~~include~~Esselte were $44.2 million. Esselte contributed $107.7 million and $274.5 million of net sales ~~respectively.~~

~~ACCO Brands Corporation~~for the three and ~~Subsidiaries~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)~~

nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.

The following table presents the ~~preliminary~~ allocation of the consideration given to the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition.


(in millions of dollars)	At January 31, 2017
(in millions)			At January 31, 2017
Calculation of Goodwill:
Purchase price, net of working capital adjustment	$	326.5	$	326.5

Plus fair value of liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	122.6		121.9
Deferred tax liabilities	81.9		83.6
Pension obligations	171.5		174.1
Other non-current liabilities	5.2		5.8
Fair value of liabilities assumed	$	381.2	$	385.4

Less fair value of assets acquired:
Cash acquired	34.2		34.2
Accounts receivable	60.0		60.0
Inventory	41.9		41.9
Property, plant and equipment	78.0		75.6
Identifiable intangibles	277.0		277.0
Deferred tax assets	96.7		106.3
Other assets	10.4		10.4
Fair value of assets acquired	$	598.2	$	605.4

Goodwill	$	109.5	$	106.5

~~We are continuing our review~~

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)

In the fourth quarter of 2017, we finalized our fair value estimate of assets acquired and liabilities assumed ~~during the measurement period, which will conclude as soon as we receive the information we are seeking about facts and circumstances that existed~~ as of the acquisition ~~date or learn that more information is not available. This measurement period will not exceed one year from the acquisition~~ date.

The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired iswas allocated to goodwill. The goodwill of ~~$109.5~~$106.5 million is primarily attributable to synergies expected to be realized from facility integration, headcount reduction and other operational streamlining activities, and from the existence of an assembled workforce.

Our fair value estimate of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is pending the completion of several elements, including the finalization of an independent appraisal and valuations of the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and final review by our management. The primary areas that are not yet finalized relate to income taxes and contingent liabilities. Accordingly, there could be material adjustments to our condensed consolidated financial statements related to our valuations.

During the third quarter of 2017, the previously estimated values for property, plant and equipment continued to be refined, which resulted in reductions in value of $5.6 million and we revised the depreciable life of certain assets. The impact to net income from this refinement in the first and second quarters of 2017 would have been immaterial.

In addition, the previously estimated values for trade name and customer relationship intangible values were also refined, which resulted in an increase in value of $3.0 million, the updated values for which are included in "Note 8. Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets." The impact to net income from this refinement in the first and second quarters of 2017 would have been immaterial.

~~The final determination of the purchase price, fair values and resulting goodwill may differ significantly from what is reflected in these condensed consolidated financial statements.~~

~~ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)~~

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, ~~and 2016,~~ transaction costs related to the Esselte Acquisition were $1.6 million and ~~$4.3~~$5.0 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, transaction costs were $5.0 million and $6.3 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2016, transaction costs totaled $9.2 million. These costs were reported as ~~advertising,~~ selling, general and administrative ~~expenses.~~expenses in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.

~~Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Results~~

The accounting literature establishes guidelines regarding, and requires the presentation of, the following unaudited pro forma information. Therefore, the unaudited pro forma information presented below is not intended to represent, nor do we believe it is indicative of, the consolidated results of operations of the Company that would have been reported had the Esselte Acquisition been completed on January 1, 2016. Furthermore, the unaudited pro forma information does not give effect to the anticipated synergies or other anticipated benefits of the Esselte Acquisition.

~~Had the Esselte Acquisition occurred on January 1, 2016, unaudited pro forma consolidated results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 would have been as follows:~~

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions of dollars, except per share data) 2017 2016 2017 2016
Net sales $ 532.2
$ 538.7
$ 1,418.0
$ 1,439.4
Net income 32.0
22.8
72.9
67.9
Net income per common share (diluted) $ 0.29
$ 0.21
$ 0.65
$ 0.62

The pro forma amounts are based on the Company's historical results and the historical results for the acquired Esselte business, which have been translated at the average foreign exchange rates for the periods presented. The pro forma results of operations have been adjusted for amortization of finite-lived intangibles, and other charges related to the Esselte Acquisition accounting. The pro forma results for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 have also been adjusted to include transaction costs related to the Esselte Acquisition of $14.2 million and amortization of the purchase accounting step-up in inventory cost of $0.9 million.

~~ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)~~

4. Long-term Debt and Short-term Borrowings

Notes payable and long-term debt, listed in order of ~~their~~the priority of security interests in assets of the Company, consisted of the following as of September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016~~2017:

(in millions of dollars) September 30,
2017 December 31,
2016
Euro Senior Secured Term Loan A, due January 2022 (floating interest rate of 1.50% at September 30, 2017) $ 342.9
$ —
U.S. Dollar Senior Secured Term Loan A, due April 2020 (floating interest rate of 2.27% at December 31, 2016) —
81.0
Australian Dollar Senior Secured Term Loan A, due January 2022 (floating interest rate of 3.25% at September 30, 2017) 61.3
—
Australian Dollar Senior Secured Term Loan A, due April 2020 (floating interest rate of 3.25% at December 31, 2016) —
70.3
U.S. Dollar Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility, due January 2022 (floating interest rate of 2.82% at September 30, 2017) 145.9
—
U.S. Dollar Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility, due April 2020 (floating interest rate of 2.59% at December 31, 2016) —
63.7
Australian Dollar Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility, due January 2022 (floating interest rate of 3.25% at September 30, 2017) 91.1
—
Australian Dollar Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility, due April 2020 (floating interest rate of 3.27% at December 31, 2016) —
87.9
Senior Unsecured Notes, due December 2024 (fixed interest rate of 5.25%) 400.0
400.0
Other borrowings 0.7
0.6
Total debt 1,041.9
703.5
Less:
Current portion 28.6
68.5
Debt issuance costs, unamortized 7.4
7.3
Long-term debt, net $ 1,005.9
$ 627.7



(in millions)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Euro Senior Secured Term Loan A, due January 2022 (floating interest rate of 1.50% at September 30, 2018 and 1.50% at December 31, 2017)	$	318.6	$	345.0
Australian Dollar Senior Secured Term Loan A, due January 2022 (floating interest rate of 3.50% at September 30, 2018 and 3.29% at December 31, 2017)	52.6		60.0
U.S. Dollar Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility, due January 2022 (floating interest rate of 3.87% at September 30, 2018 and 3.53% at December 31, 2017)	197.1		48.9
Australian Dollar Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility, due January 2022 (floating interest rate of 3.50% at September 30, 2018 and 3.28% at December 31, 2017)	75.7		85.0
Senior Unsecured Notes, due December 2024 (fixed interest rate of 5.25%)	375.0		400.0
Other borrowings	0.4		0.6
Total debt	1,019.4		939.5
Less:
Current portion	54.8		43.2
Debt issuance costs, unamortized	6.0		7.1
Long-term debt, net	$	958.6	$	889.2

In connection with the Esselte Acquisition, the Company entered into a Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "2017 Credit Agreement"), dated as of January 27, 2017, among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other agents and various lenders party thereto. The 2017 Credit Agreement amended and restated the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated April 28, 2015, as amended, among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other lenders party thereto (the "2015 Credit Agreement").

~~The 2017 Credit Agreement~~ provides for a five-year senior secured credit facility, which consists of a €300.0 million (US$320.8 million based on January 27, 2017 exchange rates) term loan facility, ~~(the "Euro Term Loan A"), a~~an A$80.0 million (US$60.4 million based on January 27, 2017 exchange rates) term loan facility, ~~(the "AUD Term Loan A") and together with the Euro Term Loan A (the "2017 Term A Loan Facility"),~~ and a US$400.0 million multi-currency revolving credit facility (the "2017 Revolving Facility").

~~Maturity~~Effective July 26, 2018, the Company entered into the First Amendment (the "First Amendment") to the 2017 Credit Agreement among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and ~~amortization~~

~~Borrowings~~the other lenders party thereto. The First Amendment increased the aggregate revolving credit commitments under the 2017 Revolving Facility ~~and~~by $100.0 million such that, after giving effect to such increase, the ~~2017 Term A Loan Facility mature on January 27, 2022. Amounts~~aggregate amount of revolving credit available under the 2017 Revolving Facility ~~are non-amortizing. Beginning June 30, 2017,~~is $500.0 million. In addition, the ~~outstanding principal amounts under~~First Amendment also affected certain technical amendments to the 2017 ~~Term A Loan Facility are payable~~Credit Agreement, including the addition of provisions relating to LIBOR successor rate procedures if LIBOR becomes unascertainable or is discontinued in ~~quarterly installments in an amount representing, on an annual basis, 5.0% of~~ the ~~initial aggregate principal amount of such loan facility~~future and ~~increasing~~ to ~~12.5% on an annual basis by June 30, 2020.~~expressly permit certain intercompany asset transfers.

~~Interest rates~~

~~Amounts~~As of September 30, 2018, there were $272.8 million in borrowings outstanding under the 2017 ~~Credit Agreement bear interest~~Revolving Facility. The remaining amount available for borrowings as of September 30, 2018 was $216.7 million (allowing for $10.5 million of letters of credit outstanding on that date).

During the second quarter of 2018, the Company repurchased $25.0 million of its Senior Unsecured Notes at ~~a rate per annum equal to the Euro Rate with a 0% floor, the Australian BBSR Rate, the Canadian BA Rate or the Base Rate, as applicable and as each such rate is defined in the 2017~~par.

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)

~~Credit Agreement, plus~~

As described in the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, we must meet certain restrictive debt covenants under the senior secured credit facilities. The indenture governing our outstanding senior unsecured notes also contains certain covenants. As of and for the periods ended September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company was in compliance with all applicable loan covenants.

5. Revenue Recognition

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted accounting standard ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers and all related amendments (Topic 606), applying the modified retrospective transition method to all customer contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under ASU 2014-09, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for the prior period. The Company recorded a net increase to beginning retained earnings of $1.6 million as of January 1, 2018 due to the cumulative impact of adopting ASU 2014-09. The impact of adopting ASU 2014-09 to our financial statements as of, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was immaterial.

Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers in an ~~"applicable rate.~~amount reflective of the consideration we expect to be receive in exchange for those goods or services. Taxes we collect concurrent with revenue producing activities are excluded from revenue. Incidental items incurred that are immaterial in the context of the contract are expensed. We have elected the practical expedient to not disclose contracts that have a term of 1 year or less.

Performance Obligations

At the inception of each contract, the Company assesses the products and services promised and identifies each distinct performance obligation. To identify the performance obligations, the Company considers all products and services promised regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or implied within the contract or by standard business practices.

Freight and distribution activities performed before the customer obtains control of the goods are not considered promised services under customer contracts and therefore are not distinct performance obligations. The Company has chosen to account for shipping and handling activities as a fulfillment activity, and therefore accrues the expense of freight and distribution in "Cost of products sold" when product is shipped.

Nature of our Products and Services

Products: For our products, we transfer control and recognize a sale when we either ship the product from our manufacturing facility or distribution center, procure the product from one of our vendors, or upon delivery to a customer specified location depending upon the terms in the customer agreement. For consignment arrangements, revenue is not recognized until the products are sold to the end customer. The amount of consideration we receive and revenue we recognize is impacted by incentives ("Customer Program Costs"), including sales rebates (which are generally tied to achievement of certain sales volume levels); in-store promotional allowances; shared media and customer catalog allowances; other cooperative advertising arrangements; freight allowance programs offered to our customers; and allowance for discounts and returns. We recognize Customer Program Costs as a deduction to gross sales at the time that the associated revenue is recognized. We estimate discounts based upon an analysis of historical trends and record them as reductions to "Net sales" and "Accounts receivable, net". We estimate and record a returns reserve, on a gross basis, as a reduction to "Net sales" and "Cost of products sold" with increases to "Other current liabilities" and "Inventories." ~~The applicable rate applied~~We adjust our estimate of revenue when the most likely amount of consideration we expect to ~~outstanding Euro, Australian and Canadian dollar denominated loans and Base Rate loans is based~~receive changes.

Service or Extended Maintenance Agreements ("EMAs"): Depending on the ~~Company’s Consolidated Leverage Ratio (as defined~~terms of the EMA, we may defer recognition of the consideration received for any unsatisfied obligations. We use an observable price to determine the stand-alone selling price for separate performance obligations or a cost plus margin approach, for our separately priced service/maintenance agreements that extend mechanical and maintenance coverage beyond our base warranty coverage to our Print Finishing Solutions customers. These agreements range in duration from three months to 60 months, however, most agreements are one year or less. We generally receive payment at inception of the ~~2017 Credit Agreement) as follows:~~

Consolidated
Leverage Ratio Applicable Rate on Euro/AUD/CDN Dollar Loans Applicable Rate on Base Rate Loans
> 4.00 to 1.00 2.50% 1.50%
≤ 4.00 to 1.00 and > 3.50 to 1.00 2.25% 1.25%
≤ 3.50 to 1.00 and > 3.00 to 1.00 2.00% 1.00%
≤ 3.00 to 1.00 and > 2.00 to 1.00 1.50% 0.50%
≤ 2.00 to 1.00 1.25% 0.25%

EMAs and recognize revenue over the term of the agreement on a straight line basis. As of January 1, 2018, there was $5.2 million of unearned revenue associated with outstanding EMAs, primarily reported in "Other current liabilities". During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, $4.0 million and $11.8 million of the unearned revenue was recognized, respectively. As of September 30, ~~2017,~~2018, the ~~applicable rate on Euro/AUD/CDN Dollar Loans~~amount of unearned revenue was ~~1.50% and the applicable rate on Base rate loans was 0.50%. Undrawn amounts under the 2017 Revolving Facility are subject~~$5.2 million. We expect to ~~a commitment fee rate of 0.25% to 0.40% per annum, depending on the Company’s Consolidated Leverage Ratio. As of September 30, 2017, the commitment fee rate was 0.30%.~~

~~Prepayments~~

Subject to certain conditions and specific exceptions, the 2017 Credit Agreement requires the Company to prepay outstanding amounts under the 2017 Credit Agreement under various circumstances, including (a) if sales or dispositions of certain property or assets in any fiscal year results in the receipt of net cash proceeds of $12.0 million, then an amount equal to 100% of the net cash proceeds received in excess of such $12.0 million, and (b) with respect to the AUD Term Loan A, in an amount equal to 100% of the net cash proceeds received from the disposition of any real property located in Australia. The Company also would be required to make prepayments in the event it receives amounts related to certain property insurance or condemnation awards, from additional debt other than debt permitted under the 2017 Credit Agreement and from excess cash flow as determined under the 2017 Credit Agreement. The 2017 Credit Agreement also contains other customary prepayment obligations and provides for voluntary commitment reductions and prepayment of loans, subject to certain conditions and exceptions.

~~Dividends and share repurchases~~

Under the 2017 Credit Agreement, the Company may pay dividends and/or repurchase shares in an aggregate amount not to exceed the sum of: (i) the greater of $30.0 million and 1.00% of the Company’s Consolidated Total Assets (as defined in the 2017 Credit Agreement); plus (ii) an additional amount not to exceed $75.0 million in any fiscal year (provided the Company’s Consolidated Leverage Ratio after giving pro forma effect to the restricted payment would be greater than 2.50:1.00 and less than or equal to 3.75:1.00); plus (iii) an additional amount so long as the Consolidated Leverage Ratio after giving pro forma effect to the restricted payment would be less than or equal to 2.50:1.00; plus (iv) any Net Equity Proceeds (as defined in the 2017 Credit Agreement).

~~Financial Covenants~~

The Company’s Consolidated Leverage Ratio as of the end of any fiscal quarter may not exceed 3.75:1.00; provided that following the consummation of a Material Acquisition (as defined in the 2017 Credit Agreement), and as of the end of the fiscal quarter in which such Material Acquisition occurred and as of the end of the three fiscal quarters thereafter, the maximum Consolidated Leverage Ratio level above will increase by 0.50:1.00, provided that no more than one such increase can be in effect at any time. The Esselte Acquisition qualified as a Material Acquisition under the 2017 Credit Agreement.

The 2017 Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain a Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the 2017 Credit Agreement) as of the end of any fiscal quarter at or above 1.25 to 1.00.

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)

~~Other Covenants~~recognize approximately $4.5 million of the unearned amount in the next 12 months and ~~Restrictions~~$0.7 million in future periods beyond the next 12 months.

Disaggregation of Revenues

In accordance with ASU 2014-09, the following table disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers into regional geographies. The Company has determined that disaggregating revenue into these categories provides appropriate disclosure and achieves associated objectives to depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by regional geography⁽¹⁾, based upon our reporting segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2018		2017		2018		2017
United States	$	227.6	$	252.1	$	617.7	$	654.4
Canada	35.8		38.2		94.1		91.4
ACCO Brands North America	263.4		290.3		711.8		745.8

ACCO Brands EMEA⁽²⁾	143.1		140.3		438.1		365.3

Australia/N.Z.	41.4		47.6		118.8		131.5
Latin America	47.6		43.2		106.7		105.1
Asia-Pacific	11.8		10.8		36.5		34.3
ACCO Brands International	100.8		101.6		262.0		270.9
Net sales	$	507.3	$	532.2	$	1,411.9	$	1,382.0

(1) Net sales are attributed to geographic areas based on the location of the selling subsidiaries.

(2) ACCO Brands EMEA is comprised largely of Europe, but also includes export sales to the Middle East and Africa.

The ~~2017 Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants as well as events~~following table presents our revenue disaggregated by the timing of default, including payment defaults, breach of representations and warranties, covenant defaults, cross-defaults, certain bankruptcy or insolvency events, certain ERISA-related events, changes in control or ownership and invalidity of any loan document. The 2017 Credit Agreement also establishes limitations on the aggregate amount of Permitted Acquisitions and Investments (each as defined in the 2017 Credit Agreement) that the Company and its subsidiaries may make during the term of the 2017 Credit Agreement.

~~As of and~~revenue recognition for the ~~periods~~three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with all applicable loan covenants.~~2018:



	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2018		2018
Product and services transferred at a point in time	$	483.1	$	1,361.8
Product and services transferred over time	24.2		50.1
Net sales	$	507.3	$	1,411.9

~~Guarantees and Security~~

Generally, obligations under the 2017 Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain of the Company’s existing and future subsidiaries, and are secured by substantially all of the Company’s and certain guarantor subsidiaries’ assets, subject to certain exclusions and limitations.

~~Incremental facilities~~

The 2017 Credit Agreement permits the Company to seek increases in the size of the 2017 Revolving Facility and the 2017 Term A Facility prior to maturity by up to $500.0 million in the aggregate, subject to lender commitment and the conditions set forth in the 2017 Credit Agreement.

As of September 30, 2017, there were $237.0 million in borrowings outstanding under the 2017 Revolving Facility. The remaining amount available for borrowings was $151.1 million (allowing for $11.9 million of letters of credit outstanding on that date).

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)

5.6. Pension and Other Retiree Benefits

The components of net periodic benefit (income) cost for pension and post-retirement plans for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017 were as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,																		Three Months Ended September 30,
	Pension												Post-retirement						Pension												Post-retirement
	U.S.						International												U.S.						International
(in millions of dollars)	2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016
(in millions)																			2018			2017			2018			2017			2018			2017
Service cost	$	0.3		$	0.4		$	0.4		$	0.2		$	—		$	—		$	0.4		$	0.3		$	0.6		$	0.4		$	—		$	—
Interest cost	1.8			1.8			3.6			2.5			—			—			1.6			1.8			3.1			3.6			0.1			—
Expected return on plan assets	(3.1		)	(2.9		)	(5.6		)	(4.2		)	—			—			(2.9		)	(3.1		)	(5.6		)	(5.6		)	—			—
Amortization of net loss (gain)	0.5			0.4			0.7			0.5			(0.1		)	(0.1		)	0.7			0.5			0.8			0.7			(0.1		)	(0.1		)
Amortization of prior service cost	0.1			0.1			—			—			—			—			0.1			0.1			—			—			—			—
Curtailment gain	—			—			—			—			—			(0.6		)	—			—			(0.6		)	—			—			—
Net periodic benefit income	$	(0.4	)	$	(0.2	)	$	(0.9	)	$	(1.0	)	$	(0.1	)	$	(0.7	)
Net periodic benefit income⁽¹⁾																			$	(0.1	)	$	(0.4	)	$	(1.7	)	$	(0.9	)	$	—		$	(0.1	)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,																		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Pension												Post-retirement						Pension												Post-retirement
	U.S.						International												U.S.						International
(in millions of dollars)	2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016
(in millions)																			2018			2017			2018			2017			2018			2017
Service cost	$	1.0		$	1.0		$	1.2		$	0.6		$	—		$	—		$	1.2		$	1.0		$	1.6		$	1.2		$	—		$	—
Interest cost	5.3			5.4			10.0			7.9			0.1			0.2			5.0			5.3			9.8			10.0			0.1			0.1
Expected return on plan assets	(9.2		)	(8.9		)	(16.1		)	(13.4		)	—			—			(8.8		)	(9.2		)	(17.3		)	(16.1		)	—			—
Amortization of net loss (gain)	1.5			1.4			2.2			1.7			(0.3		)	(0.3		)	2.0			1.5			2.6			2.2			(0.3		)	(0.3		)
Amortization of prior service cost	0.3			0.3			—			—			—			—			0.3			0.3			—			—			—			—
Curtailment gain	—			—			—			—			—			(0.6		)	—			—			(0.6		)	—			—			—
Net periodic benefit income	$	(1.1	)	$	(0.8	)	$	(2.7	)	$	(3.2	)	$	(0.2	)	$	(0.7	)
Net periodic benefit income⁽¹⁾																			$	(0.3	)	$	(1.1	)	$	(3.9	)	$	(2.7	)	$	(0.2	)	$	(0.2	)


(1)	The components, other than service cost, are included in the line "Non-operating pension income" in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

We expect to contribute approximately $~~20.9~~21.3 million to our defined benefit plans in ~~2017~~2018~~, which includes approximately $8.7 million for Esselte defined benefit plans.~~. For the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018, we have contributed $~~17.1~~18.4 million to these plans.

The Esselte Acquisition added $171.5 million in pension obligations, as of January 31, 2017. The obligations under the acquired German pension plan represent $133.7 million of this amount. German pension law does not require pre-funding of pension obligations and thus the plan is not funded.

6.7. Stock-Based Compensation

The following table summarizes our stock-based compensation expense (including stock options, restricted stock units ("RSUs") and performance stock units ("PSUs")) for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017:

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions of dollars) 2017 2016 2017 2016
Stock option compensation expense $ 0.6
$ 0.6
$ 1.8
$ 2.2
RSU compensation expense 0.8
1.0
3.5
3.6
PSU compensation expense 2.7
2.6
6.6
6.3
Total stock-based compensation expense $ 4.1
$ 4.2
$ 11.9
$ 12.1



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2018			2017		2018		2017
Stock option compensation expense	$	0.5		$	0.6	$	1.5	$	1.8
RSU compensation expense	0.8			0.8		3.7		3.5
PSU compensation expense (income)	(2.5		)	2.7		0.8		6.6
Total stock-based compensation expense (income)	$	(1.2	)	$	4.1	$	6.0	$	11.9

We generally recognize compensation expense for stock-based awards ratably over the vesting period. Stock-based compensation expense for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 includes $1.0 million and ~~2016 includes~~ $0.8 million, ~~and $0.9 million~~respectively, of expense related to stock awards granted to eligible non-employee directors, which were fully vested on the grant date.

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)

~~expense, respectively related to stock awards granted to eligible non-employee directors, which were fully vested on the grant date.~~

The following table summarizes our unrecognized compensation expense and the weighted-average period over which the expense will be recognized as of September 30, ~~2017:~~2018:

September 30, 2017

September 30, 2018

Unrecognized

Weighted Average

Unrecognized

Weighted Average

Compensation

Years Expense To Be

Compensation

Years Expense To Be

(in millions of dollars, except weighted average years)

Expense

Recognized Over

(in millions, except weighted average years)

Expense

Recognized Over

Stock options

$3.3

1.7

$3.9

2.1

RSUs

$5.6

2.0

$6.4

2.0

PSUs

$12.5

1.8

$3.9

1.3

7.8. Inventories

~~Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value.~~ The components of inventories were as follows:


(in millions of dollars)	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
(in millions)					September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Raw materials	$	41.3	$	30.3	$	50.2	$	38.2
Work in process	4.3		3.0		4.6		4.1
Finished goods	261.6		176.7		277.3		211.9
Total inventories	$	307.2	$	210.0	$	332.1	$	254.2

8.9. Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets

Goodwill

As more fully described in the Company’s ~~2016~~2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, we test goodwill for impairment at least annually and on an interim basis if an event or circumstance indicates that it is more likely than not that an impairment loss has been incurred. The Company performed this annual assessment, on a qualitative basis, as allowed by GAAP, in the second quarter of ~~2017~~2018 and concluded that no impairment existed.

Effective in the first quarter of 2017, as a result of the Esselte Acquisition, the Company realigned its operating structure, which impacted its determination of its business segments for financial reporting purposes. As a result, the Company no longer reports the results of its Computer Products Group as a separate segment. See "Note 15. Information on Business Segments" for further details on the realigned segments. The Company's three realigned segments are as follows:



~~Operating Segment~~		~~Geography~~
~~ACCO Brands North America~~		~~United States and Canada~~
~~ACCO Brands EMEA~~		~~Europe, Middle East and Africa~~
~~ACCO Brands International~~		~~Australia, Latin America and Asia-Pacific~~

~~Goodwill was reallocated between the realigned segments based on their relative fair values. There were no impairment charges recognized as a result of this change.~~

~~We have restated our reportable segments for the period presented below to reflect this change.~~

~~ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)~~

Changes in the net carrying amount of goodwill by segment were as follows:

(in millions of dollars) ACCO
Brands
North America ACCO
Brands
EMEA ACCO
Brands
International Total

Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 380.7
$ 39.5
$ 166.9
$ 587.1
Esselte Acquisition (3.6 ) 114.7
(1.6 ) 109.5
Translation —
(18.7 ) —
(18.7 )
Balance at September 30, 2017 $ 377.1
$ 135.5
$ 165.3
$ 677.9



(in millions)	ACCO Brands North America		ACCO Brands EMEA		ACCO Brands International		Total
(in millions)	ACCO Brands North America		ACCO Brands EMEA		ACCO Brands International		Total
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	375.6	$	129.4	$	165.3	$	670.3
GOBA Acquisition	—		—		2.0		2.0
Foreign currency translation	—		12.0		0.1		12.1
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	375.6	$	141.4	$	167.4	$	684.4

The goodwill balance ~~includes~~is net of $215.1 million of accumulated impairment ~~losses, which occurred prior to December 31, 2016.~~

Goodwill has been recorded on our balance sheet related to the Esselte Acquisition and represents the excess of the cost of the Esselte Acquisition when compared to the fair value estimate of the net assets acquired on January 31, 2017 (the date of the Esselte Acquisition). See "Note 3. Acquisition" for details on the preliminary calculation of the goodwill acquired in the Esselte Acquisition.losses.

Identifiable Intangible Assets

The preliminary valuation of identifiable intangible assets of ~~$277.0~~$10.5 million acquired in the ~~Esselte~~GOBA Acquisition include an amortizable trade name and amortizable customer relationships, ~~indefinite lived and amortizable trade names and patents,~~ which have been recorded at their preliminary estimated fair values. We are continuing our review of our fair value estimate of assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the measurement period, which will conclude as soon as we receive the information we are seeking about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date, or learn that more information is not available. The preliminary fair value of the trade names ~~and patents~~ was determined using the relief from royalty method, which is based on the present value of royalty fees derived from projected revenues. The preliminary fair value of the customer relationships was determined using the multi-period excess earnings method which is based on the present value of the projected after-tax cash flows.

Amortizable customer relationships, trade names and patents are expected to be amortized over lives ranging from 10 to 30 years from the Esselte Acquisition date of January 31, 2017. The customer relationships will be amortized on an accelerated basis. The preliminary allocations of the acquired identifiable intangibles acquired in the Esselte Acquisition are as follows:

(in millions of dollars) Fair Value Remaining Useful Life Ranges
Trade name - indefinite lived $ 116.8
Indefinite
Trade names - amortizable 53.2
15-30 Years
Customer relationships 102.4
15 Years
Patents 4.6
10 Years
Total identifiable intangibles acquired $ 277.0

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)

The amortizable trade name and the customer relationships are expected to be amortized over 15 years and 10 years, respectively, on a straight-line basis, from July 2, 2018, the date GOBA was acquired by the Company. The preliminary allocations of the acquired identifiable intangibles acquired in the GOBA Acquisition are as follows:



(in millions)	Fair Value		Remaining Useful Life Ranges
Trade name - amortizable	$	3.5	15 Years
Customer relationships	7.0		10 Years
Total identifiable intangibles acquired	$	10.5

The gross carrying value and accumulated amortization by class of identifiable intangible assets as of September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016 were~~2017 was as follows:


	September 30, 2017								December 31, 2016								September 30, 2018								December 31, 2017
(in millions of dollars)	Gross Carrying Amounts		Accumulated Amortization				Net Book Value		Gross Carrying Amounts		Accumulated Amortization				Net Book Value
(in millions)																	Gross Carrying Amounts		Accumulated Amortization				Net Book Value		Gross Carrying Amounts		Accumulated Amortization				Net Book Value
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trade names	$	600.3	$	(44.5	)	⁽¹⁾	$	555.8	$	483.3	$	(44.5	)	⁽¹⁾	$	438.8	$	472.5	$	(44.5	)	⁽¹⁾	$	428.0	$	599.5	$	(44.5	)	⁽¹⁾	$	555.0
Amortizable intangible assets:
Trade names	195.0		(56.9		)		138.1		121.2		(48.8		)		72.4		308.0		(67.4		)		240.6		195.3		(59.4		)		135.9
Customer and contractual relationships	243.6		(94.4		)		149.2		127.5		(73.8		)		53.7		244.2		(115.7		)		128.5		243.0		(99.3		)		143.7
Patents	5.6		(0.3		)		5.3		0.8		—				0.8		5.7		(0.8		)		4.9		5.8		(0.5		)		5.3
Subtotal	444.2		(151.6		)		292.6		249.5		(122.6		)		126.9		557.9		(183.9		)		374.0		444.1		(159.2		)		284.9
Total identifiable intangibles	$	1,044.5	$	(196.1	)		$	848.4	$	732.8	$	(167.1	)		$	565.7	$	1,030.4	$	(228.4	)		$	802.0	$	1,043.6	$	(203.7	)		$	839.9


(1)	Accumulated amortization prior to the adoption of authoritative guidance on goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, at which time further amortization ceased.

The Company’s intangible amortization expense was $9.4 million and ~~$5.8~~$9.4 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016,~~2017, respectively, and ~~$26.4~~$27.2 million and ~~$15.9~~$26.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016,~~2017, respectively.

Estimated amortization expense for amortizable intangible assets as of September 30, ~~2017~~2018 for the current year and the next five years are as follows:


(in millions of dollars)	2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022
(in millions)													2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023
Estimated amortization expense⁽²⁾	$	34.1	$	32.2	$	28.8	$	25.5	$	22.1	$	18.7	$	36.7	$	35.5	$	32.0	$	28.5	$	25.0	$	22.9


(2)	Actual amounts of amortization expense may differ from estimated amounts due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, additional intangible asset acquisitions, impairment of intangible assets, accelerated amortization of intangible assets and other events.

We test indefinite-lived intangibles for impairment at least annually and on an interim basis if an event or circumstance indicates that it is more likely than not that an impairment loss has been incurred. We performed this annual assessment, on a qualitative ~~(Step-Zero)~~ basis, as allowed by GAAP, for the majority of indefinite-lived trade names in the second quarter of ~~2017~~2018 and concluded that no impairment existed. For ~~two~~one of our indefinite-lived trade names that ~~are~~is not substantially above ~~their~~its carrying ~~values,~~value, Mead^® ~~and Hilroy~~^®, we also performed a quantitative ~~tests (Step 1)~~test in the second quarter of ~~2017. The following~~2018. A 1.5% long-term growth ~~rates~~rate and an 11.5% discount ~~rates~~rate were ~~used: 1.5% and 10.5% for Mead~~^® ~~and 1.5% and 11.0% for Hilroy~~^®~~, respectively.~~used. We concluded that ~~neither~~ the Mead^® ~~nor Hilroy~~^®trade ~~names were~~name was not impaired.

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)

As of June ~~1, 2017,~~30, 2018, we changed the indefinite-lived ~~Hilroy~~Mead^® trade name to an amortizable intangible asset. The change was made as a result of decisions regarding the Company's future use of the trade name. The Company ~~commenced~~began amortizing the ~~Hilroy~~Mead^® trade name ~~June 1, 2017~~ on a straight-line basis over a life of 30 ~~years.~~

~~The fair values of the Mead~~^®~~and Tilibra~~^® ~~trade names were less than 30% above their carrying values as of their last quantitative tests (Step 1). As of September 30, 2017 the carrying values of those trade names were as follows: Mead~~^® ~~($113.3 million) and Tilibra~~^®~~($64.4 million).~~years on July 1, 2018.

9.10. Restructuring

The Company recorded restructuring expenses ~~of $2.3 million~~ for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2018 of $1.1 million and ~~$16.1~~$7.9 million, respectively, primarily related to additional changes in the operating structure of the North America segment and the continued integration of Esselte within the EMEA segment. During the fourth quarter of 2018, we expect to record additional restructuring charges of $3.1 million in our ACCO Brands North America segment. This includes $2.8 million of severance expenses and $0.3 million in exit costs for some of our leased facilities.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, ~~primarily related~~we recorded restructuring charges of $2.3 million and $16.1 million, respectively.

The summary of the activity in the restructuring account for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was as follows:



(in millions)	Balance at December 31, 2017		Provision		Cash Expenditures			Non-cash Items/ Currency Change			Balance at September 30, 2018
Employee termination costs⁽¹⁾	$	12.0	$	4.2	$	(8.7	)	$	(0.4	)	$	7.1
Termination of lease agreements⁽²⁾	0.8		3.5		(1.6		)	(0.1		)	2.6
Other⁽³⁾	0.5		0.2		(0.5		)	—			0.2
Total restructuring liability	$	13.3	$	7.9	$	(10.8	)	$	(0.5	)	$	9.9

(1) We expect the remaining $7.1 million employee termination costs to be substantially paid in the ~~consolidation and integration~~next nine months.

(2) We expect the remaining $2.6 million termination of ~~ACCO Brands and~~lease costs to be substantially paid in the next nine months.

(3) We expect the remaining $0.2 million of other costs, principally contract exit costs, to be paid in the next three months.

The summary of the activity in the restructuring account for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was as follows:



(in millions)	Balance at December 31, 2016		Esselte Acquisition (4)		Provision		Cash Expenditures			Non-cash Items/ Currency Change		Balance at September 30, 2017
Employee termination costs	$	1.4	$	1.4	$	13.2	$	(5.2	)	$	0.5	$	11.3
Termination of lease agreements	0.1		2.0		1.9		(1.2		)	0.2		3.0
Other	—		0.1		1.0		(0.3		)	—		0.8
Total restructuring liability	$	1.5	$	3.5	$	16.1	$	(6.7	)	$	0.7	$	15.1

(4) Restructuring liabilities assumed in the Esselte Acquisition.

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)

Esselte operations worldwide. The remaining charges relate to the integration of ACCO Brands and Pelikan Artline operations in Australia, and the change in the operating structure in North America, including integration of our former Computer Products Group.

During 2016, the Company initiated cost savings plans related to the consolidation and integration of the acquired Pelikan Artline business into the Company's existing Australian and New Zealand business. In addition, the Company initiated additional cost savings plans to further enhance its North American operations. Expenses were recorded in association with these actions of $4.8 million during the first nine months of 2016.

~~The summary of the activity in the restructuring accounts for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was as follows:~~

(in millions of dollars) Balance at December 31, 2016 Esselte Acquisition (3) Provision Cash
Expenditures Non-cash
Items/
Currency Change Balance at September 30, 2017
Employee termination costs⁽¹⁾
$ 1.4
$ 1.4
$ 13.2
$ (5.2 ) $ 0.5
$ 11.3
Termination of lease agreements⁽²⁾
0.1
2.0
1.9
(1.2 ) 0.1
2.9
Other —
0.1
1.0
(0.3 ) 0.1
0.9
Total restructuring liability $ 1.5
$ 3.5
$ 16.1
$ (6.7 ) $ 0.7
$ 15.1

~~(1) We expect the remaining $11.3 million of employee termination costs to be substantially paid in the next twelve months.~~

~~(2) We expect the remaining $2.9 million of lease termination costs to be substantially paid in the next twenty-four months.~~

~~(3) Restructuring liabilities assumed in the Esselte Acquisition.~~

~~The summary of the activity in the restructuring accounts for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was as follows:~~

(in millions of dollars) Balance at December 31, 2015 PA Acquisition (4) Provision Cash
Expenditures Non-cash
Items/
Currency Change Balance at September 30, 2016
Employee termination costs $ 0.9
$ —
$ 4.6
$ (4.4 ) $ 0.1
$ 1.2
Termination of lease agreements 0.1
—
0.2
(0.2 ) —
0.1
Total restructuring liability $ 1.0
$ —
$ 4.8
$ (4.6 ) $ 0.1
$ 1.3

~~(4) Restructuring liabilities assumed in the PA Acquisition.~~

~~10.~~11. Income Taxes

The reconciliation of income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016,~~2017, computed at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate, compared to our effective income tax rate, was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions of dollars)	2017			2016			2017			2016
Income tax expense computed at U.S. statutory income tax rate (35%)	$	17.5		$	13.2		$	30.8		$	37.5
(in millions)													2018			2017			2018			2017
Income tax expense computed at U.S. statutory income tax rate (21% and 35%, respectively)													$	10.3		$	17.5		$	20.8		$	30.8
Interest on Brazilian Tax Assessment	0.5			0.8			1.8			2.1			0.3			0.5			0.9			1.8
Realized foreign exchange net gain (loss) on intercompany loans	—			—			—			(10.7		)
Partial release of reserve for the Brazilian Tax Assessment													—			—			(5.6		)	—
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation	—			—			(5.5		)	—			—			—			(2.6		)	(5.5		)
Revaluation of previously held equity interest	—			2.2			—			(12.0		)
Net operating losses not benefited													0.8			—			2.8			—
Foreign tax rate change													—			—			3.9			—
Foreign earnings taxed at higher (lower) rate													3.3			—			5.7			(2.6		)
Non-deductible expenses related to acquisitions	1.1			—			1.7			—			—			1.1			—			1.7
Miscellaneous	0.1			(1.2		)	1.5			0.7
Miscellaneous tax expense (benefit)													(1.3		)	0.1			1.5			4.1
Income tax expense as reported	$	19.2		$	15.0		$	30.3		$	17.6		$	13.4		$	19.2		$	27.4		$	30.3
Effective tax rate	38.6		%	39.8		%	34.4		%	16.4		%	27.3		%	38.6		%	27.6		%	34.4		%

For the three months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded an income tax expense of $13.4 million on income before taxes of $49.0 million. The lower effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily attributable to positive impacts of the U.S. Tax Act (lower tax rate partially offset by global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") taxes) and foreign tax refunds.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded an income tax expense of $27.4 million on income before taxes of $99.1 million. The lower effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was due to a $5.6 million benefit resulting from the partial release of the reserve for the Brazil Tax Assessment (see Income Tax Assessment - Tilibra) resulting from the expiration of the statute of limitations for the 2011 tax year, the positive impacts attributable to the U.S. Tax Act and foreign tax refunds. This was partially offset by the revaluation of the deferred tax assets and liabilities resulting from the decrease in the Swedish corporate tax rate.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recorded an income tax expense of $30.3 million on income before taxes of $88.0 million.

~~ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)~~

~~For~~ The low effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2016, we recorded an income tax expense of $17.6 million on income before taxes of $107.0 million. The low effective tax rate in 2016~~2017 was primarily due to the ~~following: 1) under Australian~~excess tax ~~laws, there is no income tax on the gain arising~~benefit of $5.5 million from the ~~PA Acquisition due to the revaluation~~realization of ~~the Company's previously held equity interest to fair value; and 2)~~stock-based compensation related tax ~~losses on foreign exchange on the repayment of intercompany loans, for which the pre-tax effect was recorded in equity.~~deductions.

The U.S. federal statute of limitations remains open for the ~~year 2014~~years 2015 and forward. Foreign and U.S. state jurisdictions have statutes of limitations generally ranging from 2 to 5 years. Years still open to examination by foreign tax authorities in major jurisdictions include Australia (2013 forward), Brazil (2012 forward), Canada (2010 forward), Germany (2011 forward), ~~Canada (2009 forward), Germany (2010 forward),~~ Sweden ~~(2010~~(2011 forward) and the U.K. ~~(2015~~(2016 forward). We are currently under examination in certain foreign jurisdictions.

~~Deferred~~Tax Reform

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Tax Act was signed into law. The U.S. Tax Act made broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax ~~liabilities~~code, including, but not limited to: (i) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent; (ii) requiring companies to pay a one-time transition tax on certain undistributed earnings of ~~$81.9~~foreign subsidiaries (the "Transition Toll Tax"); (iii) bonus depreciation that will allow for full expensing of qualified property; (iv) a general elimination of U.S. federal income taxes on dividends from foreign subsidiaries; (v) a new provision designed to tax global intangible low-taxed income; (vi) the repeal of the domestic production activity deductions; (vii) limitations on the deductibility of certain executive compensation; (viii) limitations on the use of foreign tax credits to reduce U.S. income tax liability; and (ix) a new provision that allows a domestic corporation an immediate deduction for a portion of its foreign derived intangible income.

The SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") 118, which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)

of the U.S. Tax Act. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the enactment date for companies to complete the related accounting under ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of the U.S. Tax Act for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete. To the extent that a company’s accounting for a certain income tax effect of the U.S. Tax Act is incomplete, but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate in the financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in the financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the U.S. Tax Act.

The Company’s accounting for certain components of the U.S. Tax Act is not complete. However, the Company was able to make reasonable estimates of the effects and recorded provisional estimates for these items. Changes in tax rates and tax laws are accounted for in the period of enactment. Therefore, during the year ended December 31, 2017, we recorded a net tax benefit totaling $25.7 million related to our provisional estimate of the impact of the U.S. Tax Act. The benefit consists of an expense of $24.0 million, net of foreign tax credit carryforwards of $14.0 million, for the one-time Transition Toll Tax and a net benefit of $49.7 million in connection with the revaluation of the deferred tax assets ~~of $96.7 million acquired~~and liabilities resulting from the decrease in the ~~Esselte Acquisition, as of January 31, 2017,~~U.S. corporate tax rate.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we have ~~been~~made no adjustments to the provisional amounts recorded at ~~their preliminary estimated fair values. See "Note 3. Acquisition"~~December 31, 2017. However, the ultimate impact of the U.S. Tax Act may differ from the current estimates, possibly materially, due to changes in interpretations and assumptions the Company has made, future guidance that may be issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, the Internal Revenue Service, and other standard-setting bodies, or actions the Company may take. Adjustments to the provisional amounts may materially affect our provision for ~~additional details.~~income taxes and effective tax rate in the period in which the adjustments are made. Accounting for the tax effects of the U.S. Tax Act will be completed prior to December 31, 2018.

Income Tax Assessment - Tilibra

In connection with our May 1, 2012 acquisition of the Mead Consumer and Office Products Business ("Mead C&OP"), we assumed all of the tax liabilities for the acquired foreign operations including Tilibra Produtos de Papelaria Ltda. ("Tilibra"). In December 2012, the Federal Revenue Department of the Ministry of Finance of Brazil ("FRD") issued a tax assessment (the "Brazilian Tax Assessment") against Tilibra, which challenged the tax deduction of goodwill from Tilibra's taxable income for the year 2007 (the "First Assessment"). A second assessment challenging the deduction of goodwill from Tilibra's taxable income for the years 2008, 2009 and 2010 was issued by FRD in October 2013 (the "Second Assessment"). Tilibra is disputing both of the tax assessments.

~~Recently, the~~The final administrative appeal of the Second Assessment was decided against the ~~Company.~~Company in 2017. We intend to challenge this decision in ~~court in early 2018.~~court. In connection with the judicial challenge, we ~~may be~~are required to post security to guarantee payment of the Second Assessment, which represents ~~$25.3~~$21.0 million of the current reserve, should we not prevail. The First Assessment is still being challenged through established administrative procedures.

We believe we have meritorious defenses and intend to vigorously contest these matters; however, there can be no assurances that we will ultimately prevail. The ultimate outcome will not be determined until the Brazilian tax appeal process is complete, which is expected to take a number of years. In addition, Tilibra's ~~2011-2012~~2012 tax ~~years remain~~year remains open and subject to audit, and there can be no assurances that we will not receive additional tax assessments regarding the goodwill for ~~one or both of those years.~~2012. The time limit for issuing an assessment for ~~2011 expires~~2012 will expire in January ~~2018.~~2019. If the FRD's initial position is ultimately sustained, the amount assessed would materially and adversely affect our cash flow in the year of settlement.

Because there is no settled legal precedent on which to base a definitive opinion as to whether we will ultimately prevail, we consider the outcome of this dispute to be uncertain. Since it is not more likely than not that we will prevail, in 2012, we recorded a reserve in the amount of $44.5 million (at December 31, 2012 exchange rates) in consideration of this contingency, of which $43.3 million was recorded as an adjustment to the purchase price and which included the 2007-2012 tax years plus penalties and interest through December 2012. Included in this reserve is an assumption of penalties at 75%, which is the standard penalty. While there is a possibility that a penalty of 150% could be imposed in connection with the First Assessment, based on the facts in our case and existing precedent, we believe the likelihood of a 150% penalty is not more likely than ~~not.~~not as of September 30, 2018. We will continue to actively monitor administrative and judicial court decisions and evaluate their impact, if any, on our legal assessment of the ultimate outcome of our case. In addition, we will continue to accrue interest related to this contingency until such time as the outcome is known or until evidence is presented that we are more likely than not to prevail. ~~During the three months ended September 30, 2017~~The time limit for issuing an assessment for 2011 expired in January 2018 and ~~2016,~~ we ~~accrued additional interest as a charge to current income tax expense of $0.5 million and $0.8 million, respectively and for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016,~~did not receive an assessment; we ~~accrued additional interest of $1.8 million and $2.1 million, respectively. At current exchange rates, our accrual through September 30, 2017, including tax, penalties and interest is $39.9 million.~~have therefore reversed $5.6

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)

~~11.~~million of reserves related to 2011 in the first quarter of 2018. During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we accrued additional interest as a charge to current income tax expense of $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively, and for the nine months ended September, 30, 2018 and 2017, we accrued additional interest of $0.9 million and $1.8 million, respectively. At current exchange rates, our accrual through September 30, 2018, including tax, penalties and interest is $28.4 million.

12. Earnings per Share

Total outstanding shares as of September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017 were ~~106.6~~102.7 million and ~~107.2~~106.6 million, respectively. Under our stock repurchase program, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we repurchased and retired 1.9 million and 6.0 million shares, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we repurchased and retired 2.7 million and 3.2 million shares, respectively. ~~No shares were repurchased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.~~ For each of the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016,~~2017, we acquired 0.6 million and 0.7 million shares, respectively related to tax withholding for share-based compensation.

The calculation of basic earnings per share of common ~~share~~stock is based on the weighted average number of shares of common ~~shares~~stock outstanding in the year, or period, over which they were outstanding. Our calculation of diluted earnings per share of common ~~share~~stock assumes that any shares of common ~~shares~~stock outstanding were increased by shares that would be issued upon exercise of those stock ~~units~~awards for which the average market price for the period exceeds the exercise price less the shares that could have been purchased by the Company with the related proceeds, including compensation expense measured but not yet recognized.

Our weighted-average shares outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,		Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2017	2016	2017	2016	2018	2017	2018	2017
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding — basic	108.1	107.2	108.6	106.8
Weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding - basic					103.8	108.1	105.6	108.6
Stock options	1.1	1.0	1.3	0.7	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.3
Restricted stock units	1.1	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.6
Adjusted weighted-average shares and assumed conversions — diluted	110.3	109.4	111.5	108.9
Weighted-average shares and assumed conversions - diluted					105.9	110.3	107.9	111.5

Awards of potentially dilutive shares of common stock, which have exercise prices that were higher than the average market price during the period, are not included in the computation of dilutive earnings per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. For the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017, these~~2018, the number of anti-dilutive shares ~~were~~was approximately ~~3.7~~3.8 million and ~~3.1~~3.6 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2016,~~2017, the number of these shares ~~were~~was approximately 3.7 million and ~~3.7~~3.1 million, respectively.

~~12.~~13. Derivative Financial Instruments

We are exposed to various market risks, including changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rate changes. We enter into financial instruments to manage and reduce the impact of these risks, not for trading or speculative purposes. The counterparties to these financial instruments are major financial institutions. We continually monitor our foreign currency exposures in order to maximize the overall effectiveness of our foreign currency hedge positions. Principal currencies hedged include the U.S. dollar, Euro, Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, Swedish krona, British pound and Japanese ~~Yen.~~yen. We are subject to credit risk, which relates to the ability of counterparties to meet their contractual payment obligations or the potential non-performance by counterparties to financial instrument contracts. Management continues to monitor the status of our counterparties and will take action, as appropriate, to further manage our counterparty credit risk. There are no credit contingency features in our derivative financial instruments.

When hedge accounting is applicable, on the date we enter into a derivative, the derivative is designated as a hedge of the identified exposure. We measure the effectiveness of our hedging relationships both at hedge inception and on an ongoing basis.

Forward Currency Contracts

We enter into forward foreign currency contracts with third parties to reduce the effect of fluctuating foreign currencies, primarily on foreign denominated inventory purchases and intercompany loans. The majority of the Company’s exposure to local currency movements is in Europe ~~(both~~(the Euro, the ~~Euro~~Swedish krona and the British pound), Australia, Canada, Brazil, ~~Mexico~~ and ~~Japan.~~Mexico.

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)

Forward currency contracts are used to hedge foreign denominated inventory purchases for Europe, Australia, Canada, Japan and ~~Japan~~New Zealand, and are designated as cash flow hedges. Unrealized gains and losses on these contracts ~~for inventory purchases~~ are deferred in ~~other comprehensive income (loss)~~AOCI until the contracts are settled and the underlying hedged transactions relating to inventory purchases are recognized, at which time the deferred gains or losses will be reported in the "Cost of products sold" line in the "Consolidated Statements of Income." As of September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016,~~2017, we had cash-flow-designated foreign exchange contracts outstanding with a U.S. dollar equivalent notional value of ~~$110.3~~$108.0 million and ~~$76.5~~$93.5 million, respectively.

~~ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)~~

Forward currency contracts used to hedge foreign denominated intercompany loans are not designated as hedging instruments. Gains and losses on these derivative instruments are recognized within "Other expense (income) ~~expense,~~, net" in the "Consolidated Statements of Income" and are largely offset by the change in the current translated value of the hedged item. The periods of the forward foreign exchange contracts correspond to the periods of the hedged transactions, and do not extend beyond September ~~2018,~~2019, except for one relating to intercompany loans which extends to December 2020. As of September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016,~~2017, we had undesignated foreign exchange contracts outstanding with a U.S. dollar equivalent notional value of ~~$319.6~~$126.8 million and ~~$52.1~~$95.0 million, respectively.

The following table summarizes the fair value of our derivative financial instruments as of September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016:~~2017:


	Fair Value of Derivative Instruments										Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
	Derivative Assets					Derivative Liabilities					Derivative Assets					Derivative Liabilities
(in millions of dollars)	Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016		Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
(in millions)											Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts	Other current assets	$	0.6	$	4.0	Other current liabilities	$	2.2	$	—	Other current assets	$	4.2	$	0.5	Other current liabilities	$	—	$	0.5
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts	Other current assets	—		0.4		Other current liabilities	1.8		0.3		Other current assets	0.1		0.4		Other current liabilities	2.7		0.7
Foreign exchange contracts	Other non-current assets	20.6		—		Other non-current liabilities	20.6		—		Other non-current assets	17.3		24.2		Other non-current liabilities	17.3		24.2
Total derivatives		$	21.2	$	4.4		$	24.6	$	0.3		$	21.6	$	25.1		$	20.0	$	25.4

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)

The following tables summarize the pre-tax effect of our derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016:~~2017:

The Effect of Derivative Instruments in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion) Location of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from AOCI to Income Amount of (Gain) Loss
Reclassified from AOCI to Income (Effective Portion)
Three Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended September 30,
(in millions of dollars) 2017 2016 2017 2016
Cash flow hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts $ (2.1 ) $ (0.6 ) Cost of products sold $ 1.9
$ 1.3

The Effect of Derivative Instruments in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion) Location of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from AOCI to Income Amount of (Gain) Loss
Reclassified from AOCI to Income (Effective Portion)
Nine Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions of dollars) 2017 2016 2017 2016
Cash flow hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts $ (5.3 ) $ (4.4 ) Cost of products sold $ 0.3
$ 2.1

~~ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)~~



	The Effect of Derivative Instruments in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion)						Location of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from AOCI to Income	Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from AOCI to Income (Effective Portion)
	Three Months Ended September 30,							Three Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2018			2017				2018		2017
Cash flow hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	(3.6	)	$	(2.1	)	Cost of products sold	$	2.6	$	1.9

	The Effect of Derivative Instruments in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion)						Location of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from AOCI to Income	Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from AOCI to Income (Effective Portion)
	Nine Months Ended September 30,							Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2018			2017				2018		2017
Cash flow hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	(1.6	)	$	(5.3	)	Cost of products sold	$	5.5	$	0.3


	The Effect of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations												The Effect of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Operations
	Location of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Income on Derivatives	Amount of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Income					Amount of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Income						Location of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Income on Derivatives	Amount of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Income				Amount of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Income
		Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,							Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions of dollars)		2017		2016			2017			2016
(in millions)														2018		2017		2018		2017
Foreign exchange contracts	Other (income) expense, net	$	0.5	$	(1.1	)	$	(0.9	)	$	(2.7	)	Other expense (income), net	$	1.0	$	0.5	$	1.4	$	(0.9	)

~~13.~~14. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

In establishing a fair value, there is a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The basis of the fair value measurement is categorized in three levels, in order of priority, as described below:



Level 1	Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2	Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or
	Unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or
	Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability
Level 3	Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability

We utilize the best available information in measuring fair value. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)

We have determined that our financial assets and liabilities described in "Note 13. Derivative Financial Instruments" are Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The following table sets forth our financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016:~~2017:


(in millions of dollars)	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
(in millions)					September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Assets:
Forward currency contracts	$	21.2	$	4.4	$	21.6	$	25.1
Liabilities:
Forward currency contracts	$	24.6	$	0.3	$	20.0	$	25.4

Our forward currency contracts are included in "Other current assets," "Other non-current assets," "Other current liabilities" or "Other non-current liabilities" and do not extend beyond September ~~2018,~~2019, except for one relating to intercompany loans which extends to December 2020. The forward foreign currency exchange contracts are primarily valued based on the foreign currency spot and forward rates quoted by ~~the~~ banks or foreign currency dealers. As such, these derivative instruments are classified within Level 2.

The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, notes payable to banks, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate carrying amounts due principally to their short maturities. The carrying amount of total debt was ~~$1,041.9~~$1,019.4 million and ~~$703.5~~$939.5 million and the estimated fair value of total debt was $~~1,055.9~~1,017.0 million and $~~708.4~~951.5 million at September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and December 31, ~~2016~~2017, respectively. The fair values are determined from quoted market prices, where available, and from investment bankers using current interest rates considering credit ratings and the remaining time to maturity.

~~ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)~~

~~14.~~15. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) is defined as net income (loss) and other changes in stockholders’ equity from transactions and other events from sources other than stockholders. The components of, and changes in, accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax were as follows:

(in millions of dollars) Derivative
Financial
Instruments
Foreign
Currency
Adjustments Unrecognized
Pension and Other
Post-retirement
Benefit Costs Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 2.5
$ (285.9 ) $ (136.0 ) $ (419.4 )
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications, net of tax (3.8 ) (5.6 ) (7.9 ) (17.3 )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 0.3
—
2.7
3.0
Balance at September 30, 2017 $ (1.0 ) $ (291.5 ) $ (141.2 ) $ (433.7 )



(in millions)	Derivative Financial Instruments			Foreign Currency Adjustments			Unrecognized Pension and Other Post-retirement Benefit Costs			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	0.2		$	(305.4	)	$	(155.9	)	$	(461.1	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax	(1.1		)	(18.6		)	2.7			(17.0		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	3.9			—			3.5			7.4
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	3.0		$	(324.0	)	$	(149.7	)	$	(470.7	)

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)

The reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017 were as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,							Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016				2018			2017			2018			2017
(in millions of dollars)	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income						Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income						Location on Income Statement
(in millions)													Location on Income Statement	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)						Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)						Location on Income Statement
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Components	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income						Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income						Location on Income Statement													Location on Income Statement
Loss on cash flow hedges:													Location on Income Statement
Gain on cash flow hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	(1.9	)	$	(1.3	)	$	(0.3	)	$	(2.1	)	Cost of products sold	$	(2.6	)	$	(1.9	)	$	(5.5	)	$	(0.3	)	Cost of products sold
Tax benefit	0.6			0.5			—			0.7			Income tax expense	0.8			0.6			1.6			—			Income tax expense
Net of tax	$	(1.3	)	$	(0.8	)	$	(0.3	)	$	(1.4	)		$	(1.8	)	$	(1.3	)	$	(3.9	)	$	(0.3	)
Defined benefit plan items:
Amortization of actuarial loss	$	(1.1	)	$	(0.8	)	$	(3.4	)	$	(2.8	)	(1)	$	(1.4	)	$	(1.1	)	$	(4.3	)	$	(3.4	)	(1)
Amortization of prior service cost	(0.1		)	(0.1		)	(0.3		)	(0.3		)	(1)	(0.1		)	(0.1		)	(0.3		)	(0.3		)	(1)
Total before tax	(1.2		)	(0.9		)	(3.7		)	(3.1		)		(1.5		)	(1.2		)	(4.6		)	(3.7		)
Tax benefit	0.2			0.1			1.0			0.9			Income tax expense	0.4			0.2			1.1			1.0			Income tax expense
Net of tax	$	(1.0	)	$	(0.8	)	$	(2.7	)	$	(2.2	)		$	(1.1	)	$	(1.0	)	$	(3.5	)	$	(2.7	)

Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax	$	(2.3	)	$	(1.6	)	$	(3.0	)	$	(3.6	)		$	(2.9	)	$	(2.3	)	$	(7.4	)	$	(3.0	)


(1)	These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost for pension and post-retirement ~~plans (See~~plans. See "Note 5.6. Pension and Other Retiree Benefits" for additional ~~details).~~details.

~~15.~~16. Information on Business Segments

Effective in the first quarter of 2017, as a result of the Esselte Acquisition, the Company realigned its operating structure, which impacted its determination of its business segments for financial reporting purposes. The Company has three operating business segments ~~that now comprise regional~~each of which is comprised of different geographic markets, and as a result, the Company no longer reports the results of its Computer Products Group as a separate segment. Results of the former Computer Products Group are reflected in the appropriate geographic segment based on the region from which sales are made.regions. The Company's three ~~realigned~~ segments are as follows:

~~ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)~~



Operating Segment		Geography
ACCO Brands North America		United States and Canada
ACCO Brands EMEA		Europe, Middle East and Africa
ACCO Brands International		~~Australia,~~Australia/N.Z., Latin America and Asia-Pacific

~~We have restated our reportable segments for each of the periods presented to reflect this change.~~

Each of the Company's three ~~business~~operating segments ~~design, market, source, manufacture~~designs, markets, sources, manufactures and ~~sell~~sells recognized consumer and end-user demanded branded ~~academic,~~products used in businesses, schools and homes. Product designs are tailored based on end-user preferences in each geographic region.

Our product categories include storage and organization; stapling; punching; laminating, binding and shredding machines and related consumable supplies; whiteboards; notebooks; calendars; computer accessories; and do-it-yourself tools, among others. Our portfolio of consumer and end-user demanded brands includes both globally and regionally recognized brands.

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)

ACCO Brands North America

The ACCO Brands North America segment is comprised of the United States and Canada where the Company is a leading branded supplier of consumer and business products ~~used in schools, offices and homes. The Company uses name~~under brands such as ~~Artline~~^®, AT-A-GLANCE^®~~, Derwent~~^®~~, Esselte~~^®, Five Star^®, GBC^®, Hilroy^®, Kensington^®, Mead^®, Quartet^®, and Swingline^®.The ACCO Brands North America segment designs, sources or manufactures and distributes school notebooks, calendars, whiteboards, storage and organization products (such as three-ring binders, sheet protectors and indexes), stapling, punching, laminating, binding and shredding products, and computer accessories, among others, which are primarily used in schools, homes and businesses. The majority of revenue in this segment is related to consumer and home products and is associated with the "back-to-school" season and year-end calendar purchases; we expect sales of consumer products to become an increasingly greater percentage of our revenue as demand for consumer products is faster growing than most business-related products.

ACCO Brands EMEA

The ACCO Brands EMEA segment is comprised largely of Europe, but also includes export sales to the Middle East and Africa. The Company is a leading branded supplier of consumer and business products under brands such as Derwent^®, Esselte^®, GBC^®, Kensington^®, Leitz^®, NOBO^®, Rapid^®, and Rexel^®.The ACCO Brands EMEA segment designs, manufactures or sources and distributes storage and organization products (such as lever-arch binders, sheet protectors and indexes), stapling, punching, laminating, binding and shredding products, do-it-yourself tools, and computer accessories, among others, which are primarily used in businesses, homes and schools.

ACCO Brands International

The ACCO Brands International segment is comprised of Australia/N.Z., Latin America and Asia-Pacific where the Company is a leading branded supplier of consumer and business products under brands such as Artline^®, Barrilito^®, GBC^®, Kensington^®, Marbig^®, ~~Mead~~^®~~, NOBO~~^®, Quartet^®~~, Rapid~~^®, Rexel^®, ~~Swingline~~^®, Tilibra^®, and Wilson Jones^®, among others. The ACCO Brands International segment designs, sources or manufactures and ~~many others. Products~~distributes school notebooks, calendars, whiteboards, storage and ~~brands~~organization products (such as three-ring binders, sheet protectors and indexes), stapling, punching, laminating, binding and shredding products, writing instruments, and janitorial supplies, among others, which are ~~not confined~~primarily used in schools, businesses and homes. The majority of revenue in this segment is related to ~~one channel or product category~~consumer products and ~~are sold based on end-user preference in each geographic region.~~is associated with the "back-to-school" season and year-end calendar purchases; we expect sales of consumer products to become an increasingly greater percentage of our revenue as demand for consumer products is faster growing than most business-related products.

Our products include stapling, punching, storage and organization, desktop accessories, business machines and related consumable supplies, whiteboards, notebooks, folders, calendars, stationery products, computer accessories, and do-it-yourself tools.Customers

~~Our customers are primarily large global and regional resellers of~~We distribute our products ~~including retailers, on-line retailers~~through a wide variety of retail and ~~traditional~~commercial channels to ensure that our products are readily and conveniently available for purchase by consumers and other end-users, wherever they prefer to shop. These channels include mass retailers; e-tailers; discount, drug/grocery and variety chains; warehouse clubs; hardware and specialty stores; independent office ~~supply resellers~~product dealers; office superstores; wholesalers; and ~~wholesalers, information technology value-added resellers and original equipment manufacturers, among others.~~contract stationers. We also sell directly to ~~the consumer.~~commercial and consumer end-users through our e-commerce platform and our direct sales organization.

Net sales by business segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017 were as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions of dollars)	2017		2016		2017		2016
(in millions)									2018		2017		2018		2017
ACCO Brands North America	$	290.3	$	289.1	$	745.8	$	763.8	$	263.4	$	290.3	$	711.8	$	745.8
ACCO Brands EMEA	140.3		40.7		365.3		120.9		143.1		140.3		438.1		365.3
ACCO Brands International	101.6		101.5		270.9		234.8		100.8		101.6		262.0		270.9
Net sales	$	532.2	$	431.3	$	1,382.0	$	1,119.5	$	507.3	$	532.2	$	1,411.9	$	1,382.0

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)

Operating income by business segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017 was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions of dollars)	2017			2016			2017			2016
(in millions)													2018			2017			2018			2017
ACCO Brands North America	$	50.4		$	49.6		$	109.5		$	112.6		$	33.7		$	49.6		$	88.1		$	107.1
ACCO Brands EMEA	9.0			2.9			14.5			4.7			14.6			7.8			37.1			10.8
ACCO Brands International	11.2			15.9			25.3			24.6			16.1			11.2			25.2			25.3
Segment operating income	70.6			68.4			149.3			141.9			64.4			68.6			150.4			143.2
Corporate	(11.9		)	(12.7		)	(35.9		)	(34.3		)	(6.9		)	(11.9		)	(29.4		)	(36.0		)
Operating income⁽¹⁾	58.7			55.7			113.4			107.6			57.5			56.7			121.0			107.2
Interest expense	10.7			13.0			31.3			36.5			11.6			10.7			30.9			31.3
Interest income	(1.6		)	(1.8		)	(4.9		)	(5.1		)	(1.1		)	(1.6		)	(3.5		)	(4.9		)
Equity in earnings of joint-venture	—			—			—			(2.1		)
Other (income) expense, net	(0.2		)	6.8			(1.0		)	(28.7		)
Non-operating pension income													(2.6		)	(2.0		)	(7.1		)	(6.2		)
Other expense (income), net													0.6			(0.2		)	1.6			(1.0		)
Income before income tax	$	49.8		$	37.7		$	88.0		$	107.0		$	49.0		$	49.8		$	99.1		$	88.0


(1)	Operating income as presented in the segment table above is defined as i) net sales; ii) less cost of products sold; iii) less ~~advertising,~~ selling, general and administrative expenses; iv) less amortization of intangibles; and v) less restructuring charges.

~~ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries~~

~~Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)~~

~~16. Joint-Venture Investment~~

Summarized below is the financial information for the Pelikan Artline joint-venture, in which we owned a 50% non-controlling interest, through May 1, 2016, which was accounted for using the equity method. Accordingly, we recorded our proportionate share of earnings or losses on the line entitled "Equity in earnings of joint-venture" in the "Consolidated Statements of Income."

Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions of dollars) 2016
Net sales $ 34.9
Gross profit 14.1
Net income 4.1

On May 2, 2016, the Company completed the PA Acquisition and accordingly, the results of the Pelikan Artline are included in the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements from the date of the PA Acquisition, May 2, 2016.

17. Commitments and Contingencies

Pending Litigation - Brazil Tax Assessment

In connection with our May 1, 2012 acquisition of the Mead C&OP business, we assumed all of the tax liabilities for the acquired foreign ~~operations. See~~operations including Tilibra Produtos de Papelaria Ltda. ("Tilibra"). For further information see, "Note ~~10.~~11. Income Taxes - Income Tax ~~Assessment"~~Assessment - Tilibra" for details on tax assessments issued by the FRD against ~~our acquired indirect subsidiary,~~ Tilibra, which challenged the tax deduction of goodwill from Tilibra's taxable income for the years 2007 through 2010.

Other Pending Litigation

~~There~~We are party to various ~~other claims,~~ lawsuits and ~~pending actions against us~~regulatory proceedings, primarily related to alleged patent infringement and employee terminations as well as other claims incidental to our business. In addition, we may be unaware of third party claims of intellectual property infringement relating to our technology, brands or products and we may face other claims related to business operations. Any litigation regarding patents or other intellectual property could be costly and time-consuming and might require us to pay monetary damages or enter into costly license agreements. We also may be subject to injunctions against development and sale of certain of our products.

It is the opinion of management that (other than the Brazilian Tax Assessment) the ultimate resolution of ~~these~~currently outstanding matters will not have a material adverse effect on our ~~consolidated~~ financial condition, results of operations or cash flow. However, there is no assurance that we will ultimately be successful in our defense of any of these matters or that an adverse outcome in any matter will not affect our results of operations, financial condition or cash flow. Further, future claims, lawsuits and legal proceedings could materially and adversely affect our business, reputation, results of operations and financial condition.

Environmental

We are subject to national, state, provincial and/or local environmental laws and regulations concerning the discharge of materials into the environment and the handling, disposal and clean-up of waste materials and otherwise relating to the protection of the environment. This includes environmental laws and regulations that affect the design and composition of certain of our products. It is not possible to quantify with certainty the potential impact of actions regarding environmental matters, particularly remediation and other compliance efforts that we may undertake in the future. In the opinion of our management, compliance with the present environmental protection laws, before taking into account estimated recoveries from third parties, will not have a material adverse effect upon our capital expenditures, financial condition and results of operations or competitive position.

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)

18. Subsequent Events

Dividends

On October 30, 2018, the Company's Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.06 per share on its common stock. The dividend is payable on December 19, 2018 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on November 30, 2018. The declaration and payment of future dividends will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will be dependent upon, among other things, the Company's financial position, results of operations, cash flows, debt covenant compliance, anticipated liquidity needs, and other factors.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

INTRODUCTION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016~~2017, should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of ACCO Brands Corporation and the accompanying notes contained therein.

Overview of the Company

ACCO Brands is ~~one~~a designer, marketer and manufacturer of ~~the world's largest designers, marketers and manufacturers of branded academic,~~recognized consumer and ~~business products~~end-user demanded brands used in businesses, schools, ~~offices~~ and homes. Our widely ~~recognized~~known brands include ~~Artline~~AT-A-GLANCE^®, ~~AT-A-GLANCE~~Barrilito^®, Derwent^®, Esselte^®, Five Star^®, GBC^®, Hilroy^®, Kensington^®,Leitz^®, Marbig^®, Mead^®, NOBO^®, Quartet^®, Rapid^®, Rexel^®, Swingline^®, Tilibra^®, and Wilson Jones^® ~~and many others.~~. More than 80% of our net sales come from brands that occupy the ~~number one~~number-one or ~~number two~~number-two positions in the select product categories in which we compete. We ~~seek~~distribute our products through a wide variety of retail and commercial channels to ~~develop new~~ensure that our products ~~that meet the needs of our~~are readily and conveniently available for purchase by consumers and ~~commercial end-users. We compete through a balance of~~other end-users, wherever they prefer to shop. These channels include mass retailers, e-tailers, discount, drug/grocery and variety chains; warehouse clubs; hardware and specialty stores; independent office product ~~innovation, category management, a low-cost operating model~~dealers; office superstores; wholesalers; and ~~an efficient supply chain. We sell our products to consumers and end-users primarily through resellers, including retailers, on-line retailers and traditional office supply resellers and wholesalers.~~contract stationers. Our products are sold primarily ~~to markets located~~ in the U.S., Europe, Australia, Canada, Brazil and Mexico. ~~As a~~For the year ended December 31, 2017, approximately 55% of our net sales were outside the U.S., up from 43% in 2016. This increase was the result of the Esselte and Pelikan Artline acquisitions, the portion of the Company's business conducted in foreign currencies has substantially increased. For 2016, on a pro forma basis (as if we had acquired Esselte and Pelikan Artline on January 1, 2016), approximately 55% of the Company's revenues would be in foreign currencies as compared to 43% before the Esselte and PA Acquisitions.which further extended our geographic reach.

~~The majority~~Over the past several years we have transformed our business by divesting certain non-core commercially-oriented product lines, acquiring companies with consumer and end-user demanded brands, and continuing to diversify our distribution channels. In 2012, we acquired the Mead Consumer and Office Products business ("Mead C&OP"), which substantially increased our presence in North America and Brazil in school and calendar products with well-known consumer brands. In 2016, we purchased the remaining equity interest in Pelikan Artline from our joint venture partner, which enhanced our competitive position in school and business products in Australia and New Zealand and added new consumer categories, including writing instruments and janitorial supplies. In early 2017, we acquired Esselte Group Holdings AB ("Esselte"), which more than doubled our presence in Europe and added several iconic business brands, a significant base of independent dealer customers, and a new product category of do-it-yourself hardware tools. Recently, we completed the acquisition (the "GOBA Acquisition") of GOBA Internacional, S.A. de C.V. ("GOBA") on July 2, 2018. See below. Together these acquisitions have meaningfully expanded our portfolio of well-known end-user demanded brands, enhanced our competitive position from both a product and channel perspective, and added scale to our business operations.

Today our Company is a global enterprise focused on developing innovative branded consumer products for use in businesses, schools and homes. We believe our leading product category positions provide the scale to enable us to invest in marketing and product innovation to drive profitable growth. We expect to derive much of our ~~revenue is concentrated~~growth, over the long term, in faster-growing emerging geographies ~~where~~such as Latin America and parts of Asia, the Middle East and Eastern Europe, which exhibit stronger demand for our product categories isthan in ~~mature stages, but~~developed markets. In all of our markets, we see opportunities to grow sales through share gains, channel expansion and ~~new~~innovative products. Over the long-term we expect to derive growth in faster-growing emerging geographies where demand in the product categories in which we compete is strong, such as in Latin America and parts of Asia, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. We plan to ~~grow organically supplemented by~~supplement organic growth globally with strategic acquisitions in both existing and adjacent categories. Historically, key drivers of demand for our products have included trends in white-collar employment levels, education enrollment levels, gross domestic product (GDP), growth in the number of small businesses and home offices, as well as consumer usage trends for our product categories.

~~We believe our~~Acquisitions

GOBA Internacional, S.A. de C.V. Acquisition

On July 2, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition (the "GOBA Acquisition") of GOBA Internacional, S.A. de C.V. ("GOBA"), a leading ~~product positions provide~~provider of school and craft products in Mexico under the ~~scale~~Barrilito^®brand, for a preliminary purchase price of approximately $37.3 million, net of cash acquired, and subject to ~~enable us~~working capital and other adjustments. The GOBA Acquisition is expected to ~~invest in product innovation~~increase the breadth and ~~drive growth across our product categories. We manufacture approximately half~~depth of our distribution, especially with wholesalers and retailers throughout Mexico and complement our existing office products ~~locally where we operate, and source approximately half~~portfolio with a strong offering of ~~our products, primarily from China.~~

~~Key factors that affect our profitability~~school products. The results of GOBA are ~~sales volume, sales prices compared to product cost and foreign exchange rates (see "Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors"~~included in the ~~Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 for further information regarding these and other risk factors).~~ACCO Brands International segment as of July 2, 2018.

Esselte Group Holdings AB Acquisition ~~and Refinancing~~

On January 31, 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of Esselte (the "Esselte Acquisition"~~) of Esselte Group Holdings AB ("Esselte"~~). Accordingly, the results

of Esselte are included in the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements from February 1, 2017 forward and are reported in all three of the Company's segments, but primarily in the ACCO Brands EMEA ~~segment, from February 1, 2017 forward. The~~segment. As a result of the acquisition of Esselte, ~~enhanced~~ ACCO ~~Brands' position as~~Brands became a leading European manufacturer and marketer of branded ~~products~~consumer and ~~improved ACCO Brands' scale.~~office products. The Esselte ~~products are primarily marketed under~~Acquisition added the Leitz^®, Rapid^® and Esselte^® brands in the storage and organization, stapling, punching, ~~binding and laminating equipment~~business machines and do-it-yourself tools product ~~categories.~~

categories to the Company's portfolio. The ~~cash purchase price paid, net of cash acquired of $34.2 million, was $292.3 million.~~

~~In connection with the Esselte Acquisition, the Company entered into a Third Amended~~combination improved ACCO Brands’ scale and ~~Restated Credit Agreement (the "2017 Credit Agreement"), dated~~enhanced its position as of January 27, 2017. The 2017 Credit Agreement provided for a five-year senior secured credit facility, which consists of a €300.0 million (US$320.8 million based on January 27, 2017 exchange rates) term loan facility (the "Euro Term Loan A"), a A$80.0 million (US$60.4 million based on January 27, 2017 exchange rates) term loan facility (the "AUD Term Loan A"), and a US$400.0 million multi-currency revolving credit facility (the "2017 Revolving Facility").an industry leader in Europe.

For further information on the ~~Esselte Acquisition,~~acquisitions, see "Note 3. ~~Acquisition" to the condensed consolidated financial~~

statements contained in Item 1. of this report. For information on the financing of the Esselte Acquisition, see "Note 4. Long-term Debt and Short-term Borrowings" to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1. of this report.

~~Pelikan Artline Joint-Venture Acquisition~~

On May 2, 2016, we completed the acquisition of Australia Stationery Industries, Inc. (the "PA Acquisition"), which indirectly owned the 50% of the Pelikan Artline joint-venture and the issued capital stock of Pelikan Artline Pty Limited (collectively, "Pelikan Artline") that was not already owned by the Company. Prior to the PA Acquisition, the Pelikan Artline joint-venture was accounted for using the equity method. From the date of the PA Acquisition, which was May 2, 2016, the results of Pelikan Artline are included in the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements and are reported in the ACCO Brands International segment. Accordingly, we no longer separately report equity in earnings from this joint-venture. Pelikan Artline is a premier distributor of academic, consumer and business products in Australia and New Zealand.

~~Realigned Business Segments~~

Effective in the first quarter of 2017, as a result of the Esselte Acquisition, the Company realigned its operating structure, which impacted its determination of its business segments for financial reporting purposes. The Company has three operating business segments that now comprise regional geographic markets, and as a result, the Company no longer reports the results of its Computer Products Group as a separate segment. Results of the former Computer Products Group are reflected in the appropriate geographic segment based on the region from which sales are made. The Company's three realigned segments are as follows:



~~Operating Segment~~		~~Geography~~
~~ACCO Brands North America~~		~~United States and Canada~~
~~ACCO Brands EMEA~~		~~Europe, Middle East and Africa~~
~~ACCO Brands International~~		~~Australia, Latin America and Asia-Pacific~~

~~For further information on the Company's new business segments, see "Note 15. Information on Business Segments"~~Acquisitions" to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1. of this report.

OVERVIEW OF PERFORMANCE

Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2018, decreased 5% primarily due to lower sales in the U.S from lower wholesaler purchases, the earlier timing of back-to-school shipments and reduced sales of calendar products, which offset growth in EMEA. Operating income increased 1% due to lower restructuring and integration charges in the current year as well as lower management incentive compensation expenses, which offset lower sales, adverse mix and inflation in the U.S. and foreign exchange. The lower management incentive compensation expenses resulted from the release of accruals based on our lower performance expectations for 2018.

Our financial results for the three months ended September 30, 2018, were impacted by the following key factors:

We saw lower sales in our North America segment primarily due to declines with large wholesale customers. Our gross profit and margin were also adversely impacted by customer and product mix including the impact from these lost sales. In particular, the proposed acquisition of Essendant by Staples, which if completed will bring together two of our large U.S. customers, and the acquisition of U. S. independent dealers by both Staples and Office Depot, is creating substantial uncertainty and disruption in the wholesaler and independent dealer channels in the U.S. which has and will continue to adversely impact our customers' buying patterns, resulting in lower sales to these channels and accompanying profit erosion. We expect this trend to continue until the uncertainties in these channels are resolved and the situation stabilizes.

Inflationary increases in input costs in the North America segment, including the cost of paper, steel, aluminum, transportation and increased tariffs, adversely impacted our cost of products sold and gross profit margin, particularly during the third quarter of 2018. We currently expect these inflationary trends to continue with increasing adverse impact in coming quarters, particularly from announced tariff increases in January 2019. We have implemented a price increase in the fourth quarter of 2018 to partially offset these cost increases. We plan to raise prices again in early 2019, which we expect to fully offset these known cost increases and may need to increase prices again to offset the cost of any additional inflationary increases in the coming quarters.

Our financial results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 reflect the significant impact of our acquisitions. The Esselte Acquisition and the PA Acquisition primarily impact the financial results of our EMEA and International segments, respectively. As the PA Acquisition was completed in May 2016, both the third quarter of 2017 and 2016 include the financial results of Pelikan Artline. Accordingly, underlying business comparisons for our International segment exclude only acquisitions for the initial twelve-months following the acquisition. For more information, see "Note 3. Acquisition" to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1. of this report.

~~The Company's cash flow from operations, effective tax rate and interest payments have been~~2018 were also impacted by the refinancing of our senior unsecured notes in December 2016, to obtain a lower interest rate, and the increase in our bank debt in January 2017, to finance the Esselte Acquisition. For more information, see "Note 4. Long-term Debt and Short-term Borrowings" to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1. of this report.following factors:

Foreign currency translation ~~also~~ impacted our ~~consolidated~~net sales and operating income unfavorably for the three months ended September 30, 2018, but it still has had a positive impact on a year-to-date basis. However, due to the recent strengthening of the U.S. dollar, we expect foreign currency translation to negatively impact our 2018 fourth quarter and full year financial ~~statements favorably~~results by $0.02 to $0.03 per share based on current spot rates.

The quarter and year-to-date average foreign exchange rates have moved as follows for ~~both~~our major currencies relative to the U.S. dollar:



	2018 1^ST QTR Average Versus 2017 1^ST QTR Average	2018 2^ND QTR Average Versus 2017 2^ND QTR Average	2018 3^RDQTR Average Versus 2017 3^RD QTR Average	2018 YTD Average Versus 2017 YTD Average
Currency	Increase/(Decline)	Increase/(Decline)	Increase/(Decline)	Increase/(Decline)
Euro	15%	9%	(1)%	7%
Australian dollar	4%	1%	(7)%	(1)%
Canadian dollar	5%	4%	(4)%	2%
Brazilian real	(3)%	(11)%	(20)%	(11)%
British pound	12%	7%	—%	6%
Mexican peso	8%	(4)%	(6)%	(1)%
Japanese yen	5%	2%	—%	2%

The nine months ended September 30, 2018 include the results of Esselte in all months, compared to only eight months included in the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

The three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017. We continue to adjust sales prices to cover inflationary impacts~~2018 include the results of ~~currency fluctuation on our cost of goods sold.~~GOBA for three months.

Consolidated Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and September 30, ~~2016~~:2017


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Amount of Change						Three Months Ended September 30,						Amount of Change
(in millions of dollars, except per share data)	2017			2016			$			%/pts
(in millions, except per share data)													2018			2017			$			%/pts
Net sales	$	532.2		$	431.3		$	100.9		23	%		$	507.3		$	532.2		$	(24.9	)	(4.7	)%
Cost of products sold	354.3			287.1			67.2			23	%		346.5			354.0			(7.5		)	(2.1	)%
Gross profit	177.9			144.2			33.7			23	%		160.8			178.2			(17.4		)	(9.8	)%
Gross profit margin	33.4		%	33.4		%				0.0		pts	31.7		%	33.5		%				(1.8)		pts
Advertising, selling, general and administrative expenses	107.5			82.3			25.2			31	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses													92.8			109.8			(17.0		)	(15.5	)%
Amortization of intangibles	9.4			5.8			3.6			62	%		9.4			9.4			—			-
Restructuring charges	2.3			0.4			1.9			475	%		1.1			2.3			(1.2		)	(52.2	)%
Operating income	58.7			55.7			3.0			5	%		57.5			56.7			0.8			1.4	%
Operating income margin	11.0		%	12.9		%				(1.9)		pts	11.3		%	10.7		%				0.6		pts
Interest expense	10.7			13.0			(2.3		)	(18	)%		11.6			10.7			0.9			8.4	%
Interest income	(1.6		)	(1.8		)	(0.2		)	(11	)%		(1.1		)	(1.6		)	(0.5		)	(31.3	)%
Other (income) expense, net	(0.2		)	6.8			7.0			103	%
Non-operating pension income													(2.6		)	(2.0		)	0.6			30.0	%
Other expense (income), net													0.6			(0.2		)	0.8			NM
Income tax expense	19.2			15.0			4.2			28	%		13.4			19.2			(5.8		)	(30.2	)%
Effective tax rate	38.6		%	39.8		%				(1.2)		pts	27.3		%	38.6		%				(11.3)		pts
Net income	30.6			22.7			7.9			35	%		35.6			30.6			5.0			16.3	%
Weighted average number of diluted shares outstanding:	110.3			109.4			0.9			1	%		105.9			110.3			(4.4		)	(4.0	)%
Diluted income per share	$	0.28		$	0.21		$	0.07		33	%		$	0.34		$	0.28		$	0.06		21.4	%

Net Sales

Net sales of ~~$532.2~~$507.3 million, including ~~$107.7~~$10.0 million ~~from~~attributable to the ~~Esselte~~GOBA Acquisition, ~~were up $100.9~~decreased $24.9 million, or ~~23%~~4.7%, from ~~$431.3~~$532.2 million in the prior-year period. Foreign currency translation ~~increased~~reduced net sales by ~~$5.3~~$15.5 million, or 2.9%, in the current-year period. Comparable net sales, excluding ~~Esselte~~sales from GOBA and foreign currency translation, decreased ~~slightly~~3.7%, primarily due to lower sales to wholesalers, and the earlier timing of back-to-school orders, which occurred in the ~~current-year period across all three segments for~~second quarter of 2018 compared to the ~~reasons described below.~~third quarter of 2017, as well as lower sales from reduced placements of certain calendar products.

Cost of Products Sold

Cost of products sold includes all manufacturing, product sourcing and distribution costs, including depreciation related to assets used in the manufacturing, procurement and distribution process, allocation of certain information technology costs supporting those processes, inbound and outbound freight, shipping and handling costs, purchasing costs associated with materials and packaging used in the production processes, and inventory valuation adjustments. Cost of products sold of ~~$354.3~~$346.5 million, including ~~$72.9~~$7.1 million ~~from the Esselte Acquisition, were up $67.2~~attributable to GOBA, decreased $7.5 million, or ~~23%~~2.1%, from ~~$287.1~~$354.0 million in the prior-year period. Foreign currency translation ~~increased~~reduced cost of products sold by ~~$3.7~~$10.5 million, or 3.0%, in the current-year period. Underlying cost of products sold, excluding ~~Esselte~~GOBA and foreign currency translation, ~~decreased slightly~~increased due to product mix and inflationary increases in input costs in North America, some of which was driven by new tariffs impacting the ~~current-year period as a result of~~U.S, partially offset by lower comparable ~~sales and cost savings and productivity initiatives.~~net sales.

Gross Profit

We believe that gross profit and gross profit margin provide enhanced shareholder understanding of our underlying operating profit drivers. Gross profit of ~~$177.9~~$160.8 million, including ~~$34.8~~$2.9 million ~~from the Esselte Acquisition, was up $33.7~~attributable to GOBA, decreased $17.4 million, or ~~23% as a percent of net sales,~~9.8%, from ~~$144.2~~$178.2 million in the prior-year period. Foreign currency translation ~~increased~~reduced gross profit by ~~$1.6~~$5.0 million, or 2.8%, in the current-year period. Underlying gross profit, excluding ~~Esselte~~GOBA and foreign currency translation, decreased ~~slightly~~primarily due to lower net sales, unfavorable product mix, and rising input costs, particularly in the ~~current-year period as a result of lower comparable sales,~~North America segment, partially offset by ~~higher pricing and~~ cost ~~savings and productivity initiatives.~~savings.

~~Advertising,~~ Likewise, gross profit as a percent of net sales decreased to 31.7% from 33.5%.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

~~Advertising, selling,~~Selling, general and administrative expenses ("SG&A") include advertising, marketing, selling (including commissions), research and development, customer service, depreciation related to assets outside the manufacturing and distribution processes and all other general and administrative expenses outside the manufacturing and distribution functions (e.g.,

finance, human resources, and information technology). SG&A of ~~$107.5~~$92.8 million, including ~~$24.9~~$1.2 million ~~from the Esselte Acquisition, was up $25.2~~attributable to GOBA, decreased $17.0 million, or ~~31%~~15.5%, from ~~$82.3~~$109.8 million in the prior-year period. The current-year period includes $0.9 million of integration costs related to the Esselte and GOBA acquisitions. The prior-year period included $5.0 million of integration and transaction costs ~~primarily related to the Esselte Acquisition. The prior-year period included $4.6 million in transaction and integration costs~~ related to both the Esselte and ~~PA Acquisitions.~~Pelikan Artline acquisitions. Foreign currency translation ~~increased~~reduced SG&A by ~~$0.7~~$2.5 million, or 2.3%, in the current-year ~~period, or 1%.~~period. Underlying SG&A, excluding ~~Esselte,~~integration and transaction ~~and integration~~ costs, ~~and~~ foreign currency translation ~~increased~~and GOBA, decreased primarily due to ~~severance and higher~~a $9.9 million reduction in management incentive compensation ~~expenses.~~expenses resulting from the release of accruals based on our lower performance expectations for 2018, and synergy savings.

AsSG&A as a percentage of net sales ~~SG&A increased~~decreased to ~~20.2%~~18.3% from ~~19.1%~~20.6% in the prior-year period, primarily due to ~~the increased spending mentioned above~~lower management incentive compensation expenses, synergy savings, and lower ~~comparable sales.~~

~~Amortization of Intangibles~~

~~Amortization of intangibles was $9.4 million, up $3.6 million, or 62%, from $5.8 million in the prior-year period. The increase was due to the Esselte Acquisition.~~integration and transaction costs.

Restructuring Charges

Restructuring charges of $1.1 million decreased $1.2 million, or 52.2%, from $2.3 million in the prior-year period. The current-year period ~~of $2.3 million relate~~charges primarily related to ~~the~~Esselte integration ~~of Esselte and Pelikan Artline as compared to restructuring~~activities. The charges in the prior-year period ~~of $0.4 million which relates~~primarily related to ~~the~~both Esselte and Pelikan Artline integration ~~of Pelikan Artline.~~activities.

Operating Income

Operating income of ~~$58.7~~$57.5 million, including ~~$4.3~~$1.5 million ~~from the Esselte Acquisition, was up $3.0~~attributable to GOBA, increased $0.8 million, or 5%1.4%, from ~~$55.7~~$56.7 million in the prior-year period. Foreign currency translation ~~increased~~reduced operating income by ~~$0.9~~$2.3 million, or 2%4.1% in the current-year period. Underlying operating income, excluding ~~Esselte,~~GOBA, restructuring charges, integration and transaction ~~and integration~~ costs and foreign currency translation, decreased ~~primarily~~ due to lower ~~comparable sales, partially~~gross profit and margin, substantially offset by ~~cost savings and productivity initiatives.~~a $10.5 million reduction in management incentive compensation expenses.

Interest Expense and Other Expense (Income) ~~Expense,~~, Net

Interest expense ~~was $10.7~~of $11.6 million ~~down $2.3~~increased $0.9 million, or ~~18%~~8.4%, from ~~$13.0~~$10.7 million in the prior-year period. The ~~decrease~~increase was primarily due to ~~the lower interest rate paid~~higher forward points on ~~our senior unsecured notes, which were refinanced in the fourth quarter of 2016, partially offset by interest resulting from increased debt incurred in connection with the Esselte Acquisition.~~hedged intercompany loans.

Other expense (income) ~~expense,~~, net was ~~income~~an expense of ~~$0.2~~$0.6 million compared to ~~an expense a $6.8~~income of $0.2 million in the prior-year period. The ~~prior-year period included a $6.3 million non-cash loss from the adjustment to fair value of the Company's previously held equity interest in Pelikan Artline. The remaining reduction~~increase in expense was due to foreign exchange ~~gains~~losses in the current-year ~~period compared with losses in the prior-year~~ period.

Income Taxes

For the current-year period, income tax expense was $13.4 million on income before taxes of $49.0 million, or an effective tax rate of 27.3%. The lower effective tax rate in the current-year period was primarily due to the positive impacts attributable to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("U.S. Tax Act"). For the prior-year period, income tax expense was $19.2 million on income before taxes of $49.8 million, or an effective tax rate of 38.6%. The high effective tax rate in the ~~current-year~~prior-year period was primarily due to $1.1 million in non-deductible expenses related to the acquisitions. For the prior-year period, income tax expense was $15.0 million on income before taxes of $37.7 million, or an effective tax rate of 39.8%. The higher effective tax rate in the prior-year period was primarily due to a $6.3 million non-cash loss from the adjustment to fair value of the Company's previously held equity interest in Pelikan Artline, which was not subject to tax.

Net Income

Net income ~~was $30.6~~of $35.6 million ~~up $7.9~~increased $5.0 million, or ~~35%~~16.3%, from ~~$22.7~~$30.6 million, in the prior-year period. Diluted income per share ~~was~~of $0.34 increased $0.06, or 21.4% from $0.28 ~~up $0.07, or 33% from $0.21~~ per diluted share in the prior-year period. Foreign currency translation ~~increased~~reduced net income by ~~$1.7~~$2.0 million, or 7%6.5% in the current-year period. ~~The prior-year period included a $6.3 million non-cash loss from the adjustment~~Underlying net income, excluding foreign currency translation, increased primarily due to ~~the fair value of the Company's previously held equity interest in Pelikan Artline. The Esselte Acquisition also contributed to the increase.~~lower income taxes.

Segment Net Sales and Operating Income for the Three Months Ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and September 30, ~~2016:~~2017


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017									Amount of Change Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016															Three Months Ended September 30, 2018										Amount of Change Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Net Sales		Segment Operating Income (A)				Segment Operating Income Margin			Net Sales				Net Sales		Segment Operating Income				Segment Operating Income			Margin Points		Net Sales			Segment Operating Income (A)				Segment Operating Income Margin			Net Sales				Net Sales		Segment Operating Income (A)				Segment Operating Income			Margin Points

(in millions of dollars)						$							%			$				%
(in millions)																									Net Sales						Segment Operating Income (A)				Segment Operating Income Margin			$				%		$				%		Margin Points
ACCO Brands North America	$	290.3				$			50.4			17.4	%		$	1.2			—%		$	0.8					2	%		20										$	(26.9	)		(9.3)%		$	(15.9	)	(32.1		)%
ACCO Brands EMEA	140.3				9.0						6.4	%		99.6				245%		6.1				210			%		(70	)							2.8				2.0%		6.8				87.2	%
ACCO Brands International	101.6		11.2				11.0	%		0.1				—%		(4.7		)		(30	)%		(470	)	100.8			16.1				16.0	%				(0.8		)		(0.8)%		4.9				43.8	%	500
Total	$	532.2	$	70.6						$	100.9					$	2.2								$	507.3		$	64.4						$	(24.9	)				$	(4.2	)

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2016																								Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Net Sales		Segment Operating Income (A)				Segment Operating Income Margin																		Net Sales			Segment Operating Income (A)				Segment Operating Income Margin

(in millions of dollars)
(in millions)																											Net Sales							Segment Operating Income (A)				Segment Operating Income Margin
ACCO Brands North America	$	289.1			$	49.6					17.2	%
ACCO Brands EMEA	40.7				2.9						7.1	%
ACCO Brands International	101.5		15.9				15.7	%																		101.6				11.2						11.0	%
Total	$	431.3	$	68.4																					$	532.2		$	68.6

(A) Segment operating income excludes corporate costs. See "Part I, Item 1. Note ~~15.~~16. Information on Business Segments," for a reconciliation of total "Segment operating income" to "Income before income tax."

ACCO Brands North America

ACCO Brands North America net sales of ~~$290.3~~$263.4 million ~~including $3.7~~decreased $26.9 million, or 9.3%, from ~~the Esselte Acquisition, were up $1.2 million, from $289.1~~$290.3 million in the prior-year period. Foreign currency translation ~~increased~~reduced net sales by $1.4 million, or 0.5% in the current-year period. Comparable net sales, excluding ~~Esselte and~~ foreign currency translation, decreased ~~in the current-year period~~8.8% primarily due to lower sales ~~of commodity items, seasonal~~to U.S. wholesalers, the earlier timing of back-to-school orders compared to 2017, and lower sales from reduced placements of certain orders, and expected declines with office superstore customers. The net sales decline was partially offset by higher pricing, primarily in the form of reduced customer sales rebates and growth in sales to some on-line retailers.calendar products.

ACCO Brands North America operating income ~~was $50.4~~of $33.7 million ~~up $0.8~~decreased $15.9 million, or 2%32.1%, from $49.6 million in the prior-year period. Operating income as a percent of net sales ~~increased slightly~~decreased to ~~17.4%~~12.8%, ~~from 17.2%~~compared to 17.1% in the prior-year period.

The ~~increase~~decrease in operating income was primarily due to ~~improved~~lower net sales and lower gross ~~margins~~profit and margin. The lower gross profit and margin resulted from ~~reduced customer sales rebates,~~unfavorable product mix and ~~cost savings~~rising input costs. In the U.S. we saw increases in our purchase costs for paper, wire, steel and ~~productivity initiatives,~~aluminum, some of which were driven by new tariffs, and increases in fuel costs and transport rates. The decline in gross profit and margin was partially offset by lower ~~comparable~~SG&A expenses primarily from a reduction in management incentive compensation expenses resulting from the release of accruals based on our lower performance expectations for 2018.

We currently expect the adverse impact of tariffs on our U.S. financial results to become more significant going forward, increasing in the fourth quarter of 2018 and further increasing in the first half of 2019 as additional tariffs take effect. We also expect the uncertainty and disruption within the commercial channels (including wholesalers, independent dealers and office superstores) to continue for some time and until the situation stabilizes, resulting in lower sales ~~higher go-to-market spending~~to these channels and ~~an increase in restructuring charges.~~accompanying profit erosion.

ACCO Brands EMEA

ACCO Brands EMEA net sales of ~~$140.3~~$143.1 million ~~including $102.5 million from the Esselte Acquisition, were up $99.6~~increased $2.8 million, or ~~245%~~2.0%, from ~~$40.7~~$140.3 million in the prior-year period. Foreign currency translation ~~increased~~reduced net sales by ~~$1.2~~$3.8 million, or 3%2.7% in the current-year period. Comparable net sales, excluding ~~Esselte and~~ foreign currency translation, ~~decreased in the current-year period~~increased 4.7% due to ~~customer transitions and share loss in the~~increased volume resulting from expanding distribution of legacy ACCO ~~Brands business.~~Brands' products to the acquired Esselte customer base, as well as strong growth in shredders and computer products.

ACCO Brands EMEA operating income of ~~$9.0~~$14.6 million ~~including $6.3 million from the Esselte Acquisition, was up $6.1~~increased $6.8 million, or ~~210%~~87.2%, from ~~$2.9~~$7.8 million in the prior-year period. Operating income as a percent of net sales ~~decreased~~increased to ~~6.4% in the current-year period,~~10.2% from ~~7.1%~~5.6% in the prior-year period. ~~The Esselte operating income of $6.1 million, includes integration costs of $2.4 million and restructuring costs of $1.0 million.~~ Foreign currency translation ~~increased~~reduced operating income by ~~$0.3~~$0.4 million in the current-year period. Underlying operating income, excluding ~~Esselte, restructuring and integration costs, and~~ foreign currency translation, ~~decreased~~increased due to higher gross profit and margin, synergy savings, increased sales and $1.1 million in lower ~~comparable sales, partially offset~~restructuring charges and integration costs. The higher gross profit margin was driven by ~~lower SG&A.~~

favorable product mix and synergy savings.

ACCO Brands International

ACCO Brands International net sales of ~~$101.6~~$100.8 million, including ~~$1.5~~$10.0 million attributable to GOBA, decreased $0.8 million, or 0.8%, from ~~the Esselte Acquisition, were up $0.1 million, from $101.5~~$101.6 million in the prior-year period. Foreign currency translation ~~increased~~reduced net sales by ~~$2.7~~$10.3 million, or 3%10.1% in the current-year period. Comparable net sales, excluding ~~Esselte~~GOBA and foreign currency translation, decreased 0.5%. Declines in ~~the current-year period~~Australia, primarily due to lower sales ~~resulting~~ from ~~the timing~~reduced placements of ~~back-to-school sales and lost listings in Australia,~~private label commodity products, were only partially offset by ~~higher sales~~growth in ~~Brazil.~~Brazil and Asia.

ACCO Brands International operating income of ~~$11.2~~$16.1 million, including ~~an operating loss of $0.5~~$1.5 million ~~from the Esselte Acquisition, decreased $4.7~~attributable to GOBA, increased $4.9 million, or ~~30%~~43.8%, from ~~$15.9~~$11.2 million in the prior-year ~~period, and operating~~period. Operating income as a percent of net sales ~~decreased~~increased to ~~11.0%~~16.0% from ~~15.7%~~11.0% in the prior-year period. Esselte operating loss of $0.5 million includes restructuring costs of $0.1 million and integration costs of $0.2 million. There were also restructuring charges and integration costs related to the PA Acquisition in the current-year period of $0.7 million and $0.7 million, respectively. The prior year's third quarter includes restructuring costs of $0.4 million, integration costs of $0.2 million and the amortization of step-up in the value of finished goods inventory of $0.2 million, all related to the PA Acquisition. Foreign currency translation ~~increased~~reduced operating income by ~~$0.4~~$1.8 million in the current-year period. Underlying operating income, excluding ~~Esselte,~~GOBA and foreign currency translation, increased due to productivity improvements and costs savings, $1.5 million of lower restructuring charges and integration costs ~~foreign currency translation and the amortization of step-up~~ in the ~~value of finished goods inventory, decreased due to~~current-year period, and lower ~~sales and higher distribution costs associated with footprint and IT consolidation in Australia.~~bad debt expenses, which were partially offset by lower volume.

Consolidated Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and September 30, ~~2016~~:2017


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Amount of Change						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Amount of Change
(in millions of dollars, except per share data)	2017			2016			$			%
(in millions, except per share data)													2018			2017			$			%/pts
Net sales	$	1,382.0		$	1,119.5		$	262.5		23	%		$	1,411.9		$	1,382.0		$	29.9		2.2	%
Cost of products sold	924.8			758.1			166.7			22	%		961.2			924.1			37.1			4.0	%
Gross profit	457.2			361.4			95.8			27	%		450.7			457.9			(7.2		)	(1.6	)%
Gross profit margin	33.1		%	32.3		%				0.8		pts	31.9		%	33.1		%				(1.2)		pts
Advertising, selling, general and administrative expenses	301.3			233.1			68.2			29	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses													294.6			308.2			(13.6		)	(4.4	)%
Amortization of intangibles	26.4			15.9			10.5			66	%		27.2			26.4			0.8			3.0	%
Restructuring charges	16.1			4.8			11.3			235	%		7.9			16.1			(8.2		)	(50.9	)%
Operating income	113.4			107.6			5.8			5	%		121.0			107.2			13.8			12.9	%
Operating income margin	8.2		%	9.6		%				(1.4)		pts	8.6		%	7.8		%				0.8		pts
Interest expense	31.3			36.5			(5.2		)	(14	)%		30.9			31.3			(0.4		)	(1.3	)%
Interest income	(4.9		)	(5.1		)	(0.2		)	(4	)%		(3.5		)	(4.9		)	(1.4		)	(28.6	)%
Equity in earnings of joint venture	—			(2.1		)	(2.1		)	(100	)%
Other income, net	(1.0		)	(28.7		)	(27.7		)	(97	)%
Non-operating pension income													(7.1		)	(6.2		)	0.9			14.5	%
Other expense (income), net													1.6			(1.0		)	2.6			NM
Income tax expense	30.3			17.6			12.7			72	%		27.4			30.3			(2.9		)	(9.6	)%
Effective tax rate	34.4		%	16.4		%				18.0		pts	27.6		%	34.4		%				(6.8)		pts
Net income	57.7			89.4			(31.7		)	(35	)%		71.7			57.7			14.0			24.3	%
Weighted average number of diluted shares outstanding:	111.5			108.9			2.6			2	%		107.9			111.5			(3.6		)	(3.2	)%
Diluted income per share	$	0.52		$	0.82		$	(0.30	)	(37	)%		$	0.66		$	0.52		$	0.14		26.9	%

Net Sales

Net sales of ~~$1,382.0~~$1,411.9 million, including ~~$306.4~~$44.2 million from the addition of Esselte for the month of January and ~~PA Acquisitions, were up $262.5~~$10.0 million attributable to GOBA, increased $29.9 million, or ~~23%~~2.2%, from ~~$1,119.5~~$1,382.0 million in the prior-year period. Foreign currency translation increased net sales by ~~$4.9~~$9.6 million, or 0.7%, in the current-year period. Comparable net sales, excluding the ~~acquisitions~~one month of sales from Esselte, sales from GOBA and foreign currency translation, ~~were down primarily due to~~decreased 2.4% driven by declines ~~at office superstore customers~~in the North America and ~~lost product listings.~~International segments.

Cost of Products Sold

Cost of products sold of ~~$924.8~~$961.2 million, including ~~$206.3~~$7.1 million ~~from the Esselte and PA Acquisitions, were up $166.7~~attributable to GOBA, increased $37.1 million, or ~~22%~~4.0%, from ~~$758.1~~$924.1 million in the prior-year period. Foreign currency translation increased cost of products sold by ~~$3.5~~

$5.6 million, or 0.6%, in the current-year period. Underlying cost of products sold, excluding ~~the acquisitions~~GOBA and foreign currency translation, ~~decreased~~increased due to the inclusion of the results of Esselte for the month of January, product mix and inflationary increases in input costs, some of which were driven by new tariffs in the U.S, partially offset by lower ~~sales and cost savings and productivity initiatives.~~comparable net sales.

Gross Profit

Gross profit of ~~$457.2~~$450.7 million, including ~~$100.1~~$2.9 million ~~from the Esselte and PA Acquisitions, was up $95.8~~attributable to GOBA, decreased $7.2 million, or ~~27%~~1.6%, from ~~$361.4~~$457.9 million in the prior-year period. Foreign currency translation increased gross profit by ~~$1.4~~$4.0 million, or 0.9%, in the current-year period. Underlying gross profit, excluding ~~the acquisitions~~GOBA and foreign currency translation, decreased primarily due to ~~lower sales,~~unfavorable product mix in the North America and International segments and rising input costs in North America, partially offset by cost ~~savings and productivity initiatives and higher pricing.~~savings.

~~Gross~~Likewise, gross profit as a percent of net sales ~~increased~~decreased to ~~33.1%~~31.9% from ~~32.3%~~33.1%. ~~The increase was primarily due to higher pricing along with cost savings and productivity initiatives.~~

~~Advertising,~~

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

SG&A of ~~$301.3~~$294.6 million, including ~~$73.3~~$1.2 million ~~from the Esselte and PA Acquisitions, was up $68.2~~attributable to GOBA, decreased $13.6 million, or ~~29%~~4.4%, from ~~$233.1~~$308.2 million in the prior-year period. Foreign currency translation ~~reduced~~increased SG&A by ~~$0.5~~$3.1 million, or 1.0%, in the current-year period. The current-year period includes ~~$13.1~~$4.4 million of integration costs primarily related to the Esselte Acquisition and transaction costs related to the ~~acquisitions.~~GOBA Acquisition. The prior-year period included ~~$8.3~~$13.1 million in ~~transaction~~integration and ~~integration~~transaction costs related primarily to the Esselte and Pelikan Artline acquisitions. Underlying SG&A, excluding ~~the acquisitions,~~GOBA, transaction and integration costs and foreign currency translation, ~~increased primarily~~decreased due to ~~higher~~cost and synergy savings and a $13.4 million reduction in management incentive compensation ~~and severance.~~expenses resulting from the release of accruals based on our lower performance expectations for 2018, partially offset by the inclusion of the results of Esselte for the month of January.

AsSG&A as a percentage of net sales ~~SG&A increased~~decreased to ~~21.8%~~20.9% from ~~20.8%~~22.3% in the prior-year period, primarily due to ~~higher~~cost and synergy savings, lower management incentive compensation expenses and lower integration and transaction costs incurred in the current-year period.

~~Amortization of Intangibles~~Restructuring Charges

~~Amortization~~Restructuring charges of ~~intangibles was $26.4~~$7.9 million ~~up $10.5~~decreased $8.2 million, or ~~66%~~50.9%, from ~~$15.9~~$16.1 million in the prior-year period. The ~~increase was due~~current-year period charges primarily related to ~~the Esselte and PA Acquisitions.~~

~~Restructuring Charges~~

~~Restructuring charges~~additional changes in the ~~current-year~~operating structure of the North America segment and the continued integration of Esselte within the EMEA segment. The prior-year period charges of $16.1 million primarily related ~~primarily~~ to ~~the integration of~~ Esselte and Pelikan ~~Artline. Restructuring charges in the prior-year period of $4.8 million related primarily to the~~Artline integration ~~of Pelikan Artline.~~activities.

Operating Income

Operating income of ~~$113.4~~$121.0 million, including $1.5 million attributable to GOBA, was up ~~$5.8~~$13.8 million, or 5%12.9%, from ~~$107.6~~$107.2 million in the prior-year period. Foreign currency translation ~~increased~~reduced operating income by ~~$2.1~~$0.1 million, or 0.1%, in the current-year ~~period, or 2%.~~period. Underlying operating income, excluding ~~acquisitions,~~restructuring charges, transaction and integration costs, and foreign currency translation, ~~was lower~~decreased primarily due to lower ~~comparable sales.~~gross profit and margin from product mix, primarily in the North America segment, substantially offset by $14.2 million reduction in management incentive compensation expenses resulting from the release of accruals based on our lower performance expectations for 2018.

~~Interest~~Other Expense ~~Equity in Earnings of Joint Venture and Other Income,~~(Income), Net

~~Interest~~Other expense (income), net expense of $1.6 million was ~~$31.3~~up $2.6 million ~~down $5.2 million or 14%,~~ from ~~$36.5~~income of $1.0 million in the prior-year period. The decrease was due to the lower interest rate paid on our senior unsecured notes, which were refinanced in the fourth quarter of 2016, partially offset by interest resulting from increased debt incurred in connection with the Esselte Acquisition. The prior-year ~~period also included $0.9 million in refinancing costs associated with the PA Acquisition.~~

Equity in earnings of joint venture decreased $2.1 million as the company no longer accounts for the Pelikan Artline joint-venture using the equity method of accounting since the PA Acquisition was completed on May 2, 2016.

~~Other income, net decreased $27.7 million to $1.0 million from $28.7 million in the prior-year period. The current-year~~ period included a $2.3 million foreign currency gain related to the settlement of certain long-term intercompany ~~loan transactions.~~transactions and a $0.3 million write-off of debt issuance and other costs associated with the Company's refinancing in connection with the Esselte Acquisition in the first quarter of 2017. The ~~prior-year period included a $28.9 million gain arising from the PA Acquisition~~remaining increase in expense was due to foreign exchange losses in the ~~revaluation of the Company's previously held equity interest to fair value and a gain on the settlement of an intercompany loan of $1.0 million.~~

current-year period.

Income Taxes

For the current-year period, income tax expense was $27.4 million on income before taxes of $99.1 million, or an effective tax rate of 27.6%. The lower effective tax rate in the current-year period was due to a $5.6 million benefit resulting from the partial release of the reserve for the Brazilian Tax Assessment due to the expiration of the statute of limitations for the 2011 tax year and the positive impacts attributable to the U.S. Tax Act. This was partially offset by the revaluation of the deferred tax assets and liabilities resulting from the decrease in the Swedish corporate tax rate. See "Note 11. Income Taxes -Income Tax Assessment - Tilibra" to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1. of this report for additional details on the Brazilian Tax Assessment. For the prior-year period, income tax expense was $30.3 million on income before taxes of $88.0 million, or an effective tax rate of 34.4%. The ~~current-year~~prior-year period included $5.5 million ~~of excess~~ tax ~~benefits~~benefit from stock-based compensation related to the adoption of ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. See "Note 2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements" to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1. of this report for details on the adoption of this new standard. For the prior-year period, income tax expense was $17.6 million on income before taxes of $107.0 million, or an effective tax rate of 16.4%. The lower effective tax rate in the prior-year period was primarily due to the following: 1) the $28.9 million non-cash gain arising from the PA Acquisition due to the revaluation of the previously held equity interest to fair value, which was not subject to tax, and 2) tax losses on foreign exchange on the repayment of intercompany loans, for which the pre-tax effect was recorded in equity.compensation.

Net Income

Net income ~~was $57.7~~of $71.7 million ~~down $31.7~~increased $14.0 million, or ~~35%~~24.3%, from ~~$89.4~~$57.7 million in the prior-year period. Diluted income per share was ~~$0.52, down $0.30,~~$0.66, up $0.14, or ~~37%~~26.9% from ~~$0.82~~$0.52 per diluted share in the prior-year period. ~~Foreign currency translation increased~~The increase in net income ~~by $2.7 million, or 3% in the current-year period. The decline~~ was primarily due to a $28.9 million non-cash gain arising from the PA Acquisition due to the revaluation to fair value of the company's previously held equity investment in Pelikan Artline in the prior-year period, as well as higher income tax expense in the current-year period.driven by lower management incentive compensation expenses and restructuring charges, partially offset by lower gross profit and margin.

Segment Net Sales and Operating Income for the Nine Months Ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and September 30, ~~2016:~~2017


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017									Amount of Change Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016															Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018										Amount of Change Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Net Sales		Segment Operating Income (A)				Segment Operating Income Margin			Net Sales				Net Sales		Segment Operating Income				Segment Operating Income			Margin Points		Net Sales			Segment Operating Income (A)				Segment Operating Income Margin			Net Sales				Net Sales		Segment Operating Income (A)				Segment Operating Income			Margin Points

(in millions of dollars)						$							%			$				%
(in millions)																									Net Sales						Segment Operating Income (A)				Segment Operating Income Margin			$				%		$				%		Margin Points
ACCO Brands North America	$	745.8				$			109.5			14.7	%		$	(18.0	)		(2)%		$	(3.1	)				(3	)%		—										$	(34.0	)		(4.6)%		$	(19.0	)	(17.7		)%
ACCO Brands EMEA	365.3				14.5						4.0	%		244.4				202%		9.8				209			%		10								72.8				19.9%		26.3				243.5	%
ACCO Brands International	270.9		25.3				9.3	%		36.1				15%		0.7				3	%		(120	)	262.0			25.2				9.6	%				(8.9		)		(3.3)%		(0.1		)		(0.4	)%	30
Total	$	1,382.0	$	149.3						$	262.5					$	7.4								$	1,411.9		$	150.4						$	29.9					$	7.2

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016																								Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Net Sales		Segment Operating Income (A)				Segment Operating Income Margin																		Net Sales			Segment Operating Income (A)				Segment Operating Income Margin

(in millions of dollars)
(in millions)																											Net Sales							Segment Operating Income (A)				Segment Operating Income Margin
ACCO Brands North America	$	763.8			$	112.6					14.7	%
ACCO Brands EMEA	120.9				4.7						3.9	%
ACCO Brands International	234.8		24.6				10.5	%																		270.9				25.3						9.3	%
Total	$	1,119.5	$	141.9																					$	1,382.0		$	143.2

(A) Segment operating income excludes corporate costs. See "Part I, Item 1. Note ~~15.~~16. Information on Business Segments,," for a reconciliation of total "Segment operating income" to "Income before income tax."

ACCO Brands North America

ACCO Brands North America net sales of ~~$745.8~~$711.8 million, including ~~$10.4~~$0.9 million from the addition of Esselte ~~Acquisition, were down $18.0~~for the month of January, decreased $34.0 million, or 2%4.6%, from ~~$763.8~~$745.8 million in the prior-year period. Foreign currency translation increased net sales by ~~$0.6~~$0.8 million, or 0.1%, in the current-year period. Comparable net sales, excluding Esselte and foreign currency translation, decreased 4.8% primarily due to ~~continued declines with office superstore customers~~lower sales to U.S. wholesalers, which were down by approximately one-third and ~~lost product listings with~~lower sales from reduced placements of certain ~~customers (primarily of low-margin products).~~calendar products.

ACCO Brands North America operating income ~~was $109.5~~of $88.1 million ~~down $3.1~~decreased $19.0 million, or 3%17.7%, from ~~$112.6~~$107.1 million in the prior-year period, and operating income margin ~~was flat at 14.7%~~decreased to 12.4% from 14.4%. ~~The decrease was~~Operating income decreased due to lower ~~comparable~~ sales ~~higher go-to-market spending~~ and ~~$4.6 million in restructuring charges (compared to $1.1 million in the prior-year period),~~lower gross profit and margin driven by unfavorable product mix and rising input costs. This was partially offset by lower SG&A expenses primarily from lower management incentive compensation expenses and cost ~~savings and productivity initiatives and higher pricing (primarily in the form of reduced customer sales rebates). The~~

restructuring charges related to the realignment of the operating structure of our former Computer Products Group, the Esselte integration and other projects to enhance the future long-term performance of the business.savings.

ACCO Brands EMEA

ACCO Brands EMEA net sales of ~~$365.3~~$438.1 million, including ~~$259.7~~$42.7 million from the addition of Esselte ~~Acquisition, were up $244.4~~for the month of January, increased $72.8 million, or ~~202%~~19.9%, from ~~$120.9~~$365.3 million in the prior-year period. Foreign currency translation increased net sales by ~~$3.0~~$18.2 million, or 5.0%, in the current-year period. Comparable net sales, excluding Esselte and foreign currency translation, ~~decreased in the current-year period in part~~increased 3.2% due to ~~share loss~~increased volume resulting from expanding distribution of legacy ACCO Brands' products to the acquired Esselte customer base, as well as strong growth in shredders and ~~in part due to inventory reductions by certain customers in transition.~~computer products.

ACCO Brands EMEA operating income of ~~$14.5~~$37.1 million ~~including $9.3 million from the Esselte Acquisition, was up $9.8~~increased $26.3 million, or ~~209%~~244%, from ~~$4.7~~$10.8 million in the prior-year period, and operating income ~~as a percent~~margin increased to ~~sales was flat at 4.0%~~8.5% from 3.0%. The Esselte operating income of $9.3 million, includes restructuring costs of $7.1 million, integration costs of $5.8 million and the amortization of step-up in the value of finished goods inventory of $0.8 million. Foreign currency translation increased operating income by ~~$2.0~~$1.3 million, or 12%, in the current-year period. Underlying operating income, excluding foreign currency translation, increased due to the inclusion of the results of Esselte for the month of January, $6.3 million in lower restructuring charges and integration costs, ~~foreign currency translation~~higher gross profit and ~~the amortization of step-up in the value of finished goods inventory, decreased due to lower comparable sales, partially offset by reduced SG&A expenses.~~margin from both favorable mix and synergy savings.

ACCO Brands International

ACCO Brands International net sales of ~~$270.9~~$262.0 million, including ~~$36.3~~$10.0 million attributable to GOBA and $0.6 million from the ~~PA and~~addition of Esselte ~~Acquisitions, were up $36.1~~for the month of January, decreased $8.9 million, or ~~15%~~3.3%, from ~~$234.8~~$270.9 million in the prior-year period. Foreign currency translation ~~increased~~reduced net sales by ~~$7.3~~$9.4 million, or 3.5%, in the current-year period. Comparable net sales, excluding ~~acquisitions~~GOBA, Esselte and foreign currency translation, decreased 3.7%. The net sales decline was primarily ~~due to lost listings and the later timing of back-to-school sales~~driven by customer inventory reductions in Australia and Mexico, as well as lower sales from reduced placements of private label commodity products in Australia. These declines were only partially offset by ~~higher sales~~growth in ~~Brazil and Mexico.~~Brazil.

ACCO Brands International operating income ~~was $25.3~~of $25.2 million, ~~up $0.7~~including $1.5 million attributable to GOBA, increased $0.1 million, or 3%0.4%, from ~~$24.6~~$25.3 million in the prior-year period ~~but~~and operating income margin ~~decreased~~increased to ~~9.3%~~9.6% from ~~10.5%~~9.3%. Restructuring charges and integration costs in the current-year period were $4.4 million and $1.7 million, respectively. The prior-year period included restructuring costs of $3.7 million, integration costs of $0.5 million and the amortization of step-up in the value of finished goods inventory of $0.4 million. Foreign currency translation ~~increased~~reduced operating income by ~~$0.2~~$1.4 million, or 5.5%, in the current-year period. Underlying operating income, excluding ~~restructuring and integration costs, the amortization of step-up in the value of finished goods inventory~~GOBA and foreign currency translation, ~~increased~~decreased due to ~~the inclusion of the non-comparable results of Pelikan Artline in the current-year period~~lower comparable net sales and ~~improved profitability in Mexico and Brazil,~~lower gross profit. These factors were partially offset by $5.0 million in lower ~~sales~~restructuring charges and ~~higher distribution~~integration costs, ~~associated with footprint~~ and ~~IT consolidation~~cost savings. In addition, a benefit in ~~Australia.~~the prior-year period of $0.9 million from the recovery of an indirect tax in Brazil did not repeat.

SUPPLEMENTAL NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURE

To supplement our consolidated financial statements presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. ("GAAP"), we provide investors with the non-GAAP financial measure "Comparable Net Sales Change."

We provide comparable net sales change in order to facilitate comparisons of our historical sales results as well as highlight the underlying sales trends in our business. We use this non-GAAP financial measure in the internal evaluation and management of our business. We believe this measure provides management and investors with a more complete understanding of our underlying sales results and trends, and enhances the overall understanding of our past sales performance and our future prospects.

We calculate comparable net sales by excluding the effect of acquisitions and by translating the current-period foreign operation net sales at prior-year currency rates.

The following tables provides a reconciliation of GAAP net sales change as reported to non-GAAP comparable net sales change:



	Amount of Change - Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	$ Change - Net Sales
		Non-GAAP
	GAAP				Comparable
	Net Sales		Currency		Net Sales
	Change		Translation	Acquisition	Change
ACCO Brands North America	$(26.9)		$(1.4)	$—	$(25.5)
ACCO Brands EMEA	2.8		(3.8)	—	6.6
ACCO Brands International	(0.8)		(10.3)	10.0	(0.5)
Total	$(24.9)		$(15.5)	$10.0	$(19.4)

	% Change - Net Sales
		Non-GAAP
	GAAP				Comparable
	Net Sales		Currency		Net Sales
	Change		Translation	Acquisition	Change
ACCO Brands North America	(9.3)%		(0.5)%	—%	(8.8)%
ACCO Brands EMEA	2.0%		(2.7)%	—%	4.7%
ACCO Brands International	(0.8)%		(10.1)%	9.8%	(0.5)%
Total	(4.7)%		(2.9)%	1.9%	(3.7)%



	Amount of Change - Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	$ Change - Net Sales
		Non-GAAP
	GAAP				Comparable
	Net Sales		Currency		Net Sales
	Change		Translation	Acquisition	Change
ACCO Brands North America	$(34.0)		$0.8	$0.9	$(35.7)
ACCO Brands EMEA	72.8		18.2	42.7	11.9
ACCO Brands International	(8.9)		(9.4)	10.6	(10.1)
Total	$29.9		$9.6	$54.2	$(33.9)

	% Change - Net Sales
		Non-GAAP
	GAAP				Comparable
	Net Sales		Currency		Net Sales
	Change		Translation	Acquisition	Change
ACCO Brands North America	(4.6)%		0.1%	0.1%	(4.8)%
ACCO Brands EMEA	19.9%		5.0%	11.7%	3.2%
ACCO Brands International	(3.3)%		(3.5)%	3.9%	(3.7)%
Total	2.2%		0.7%	3.9%	(2.4)%

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary liquidity needs are to service indebtedness, fund capital expenditures and support working capital requirements. Our principal sources of liquidity are cash flows from operating activities, cash and cash equivalents held and seasonal borrowings under our ~~2017~~$500 million multi-currency revolving credit facility (the "2017 Revolving ~~Facility.~~Facility"). As of September 30, ~~2017,~~2018, there were ~~$237.0~~$272.8 million in borrowings under our ~~$400.0 million~~ 2017 Revolving Facility and the amount available for borrowings was ~~$151.1~~$216.7 million (allowing for ~~$11.9~~$10.5 million of letters of credit outstanding on that date).

We maintain adequate financing arrangements at market rates. Because of the seasonality of our business, we typically generate much of our cash flow in the first, third and fourth quarters, as accounts receivables are collected, and use cash in the second quarter to fund working capital in order to support the North America back-to-school season. Our Brazilian business is also highly seasonal due to the timing of ~~its~~the back-to-school season, which coincides with the calendar year-end in the fourth quarter. Due to various tax laws, it is costly to transfer short-term working capital in and out of Brazil; therefore, our normal practice is to hold seasonal cash requirements in Brazil, and invest it in short-term Brazilian government securities. Consolidated cash and cash equivalents was ~~$101.3~~$95.0 million as of September 30, ~~2017,~~2018, approximately ~~$60~~$55 million of which was held in Brazil.

On February 12, 2018, the Company's Board of Directors approved the initiation of a cash dividend program under which the Company intends to pay a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.06 per share on its common stock ($0.24 per share on an annualized basis). The declaration, payment and amount of future dividends will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will be dependent upon, among other things, the Company's financial position, results of operations, cash flows and other factors.

Our priorities for cash flow use over the near term, after funding business operations, including restructuring ~~expenditures,~~expenses, are debt reduction, share repurchases, dividends, and ~~stock repurchases.~~

~~In connection with~~funding strategic acquisitions. Additionally, income tax payments are anticipated to increase to $44 million for the ~~consummation of the Esselte Acquisition, the Company entered into~~2018 year, compared to $35 million paid in the 2017 ~~Credit Agreement, dated as~~year, primarily due to the fact that the U.S. has exhausted the benefit of January 27, 2017, which amended and restated the 2015 Credit Agreement. The 2017 Credit Agreement provides for a five-year senior secured credit facility, which consists of a €300.0 million (US$320.8 million based on January 27, 2017 exchange rates) term loan facility, a A$80.0 million (US$60.4 million based on January 27, 2017 exchange rates) term loan facility and a US$400.0 million multi-currency 2017 Revolving Facility.

net operating losses.

The current senior secured credit facilities have a weighted average interest rate of ~~3.38%~~2.62% as of September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and our senior unsecured notes have a fixed interest rate of 5.25%.

Restructuring and Integration Activities

From time to time the Company may implement restructuring, realignment or cost-reduction plans and activities, including those related to integrating acquired businesses.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2018, the Company recorded an aggregate ~~$2.3~~$1.1 million and ~~$16.1~~$7.9 million ~~respectively,~~ in restructuring expenses, respectively, primarily related to ~~the integration of the ACCO Brands and Esselte operations worldwide. The remaining charges relate to the integration of ACCO Brands and Pelikan Artline operations in Australia, and the change~~additional changes in the operating structure inof the North America ~~including~~segment and the continued integration of ~~our former Computer Products Group.~~Esselte within the EMEA segment. For additional details, see "Note 9.10. Restructuring" to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1. of this report.

In addition, during the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2018, the Company recorded an aggregate ~~$2.8~~$0.9 million and ~~$6.6~~$4.4 million, respectively, in non-restructuring integration expenses related to the integration of the ACCO Brands and Esselte operations.

~~During~~The Company expects to recognize $3.1 million of additional restructuring expenses, in the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company initiated consultation discussions with a European works council relating to the potential closure of a distribution facility during 2018. Included in these plans are employee termination costs of $4.2 million and liabilities2018, associated with ~~facility lease exits of $2.8 million. In accordance with~~our ACCO Brands North America segment, which have not yet been recorded, pursuant to GAAP ~~none of the aforementioned liabilities were recorded in the third quarter.~~rules.

Consistent with our previous communications about the Esselte Acquisition, the Company currently expects it will record approximately $10 million for integration activities and $20 million in additional restructuring expenses over the balance of 2017 and 2018. As integration plans are still being finalized, it is not possible to reasonably estimate the nature or timing of these restructuring and integration charges or the timing of their associated cash outflows.

Cash Flow for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017 ~~and~~ ~~September 30, 2016~~

Cash Flow from Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 of $84.7 million was lower by $31.0 million than the $115.7 million ~~was generated principally from improved operating profits, primarily~~provided in the 2017 period, due to ~~the Esselte~~lower profit and ~~PA Acquisitions. Cash generated by~~reduced cash from net working capital (accounts receivable, inventories, accounts payable) ~~was offset by professional fees and other payments associated with the Esselte Acquisition and integration efforts. Cash provided by operating activities was $110.9~~. Accounts receivable contributed $46.2 million in the ~~comparable 2016 period. Consistent with prior years, due~~2018 period as collections were adversely affected by regional sales mix and sales timing, compared to ~~the seasonality of our business, the year-to-date cash flow was almost entirely generated during the third quarter, driven by the back-to-school season in North America.~~

~~Referring to the table below, accounts receivable contributed~~ $64.6 million in the prior-year period which was ~~lower than the prior year of $67.7 million due to~~benefited by the timing of the 2017 Esselte ~~Acquisition~~Acquisition. Unfavorable foreign currency translation in 2018 also contributed to the lower cash contribution from accounts receivable. Earlier than usual purchases of raw materials, notably paper, in order to secure supply and lock-in lower pricing, drove both inventory and accounts payable levels above the ~~collection of certain back-to-school receivables. The use of cash for inventory of $48.4 million was~~prior year. In addition, higher than normal post-acquisition payments in 2017 following the acquisition of Esselte reduced cash from accounts payable in the prior ~~year~~year. During the nine months of ~~$31.3 million due~~2018, cash was also used to the Esselte and PA Acquisitions, inventory builds in support of warehouse integration activities and timing of seasonal inventory purchases. Partially offsetting the cash generated from net working capital werefund significant employee annual incentive payments, ~~made in the first quarter (including payroll taxes related to transaction bonuses paid by the seller in connection~~along with the Esselte Acquisition). The settlement of customer program liabilities approximated the prior year, as the increased settlements from the Esselte Acquisition were offset by lower settlements of customer program liabilities, primarily driven by lower sales in comparable businesses. Other significant cash fluctuations included incomepension contributions, interest and tax payments, all of ~~$23.8 million in 2017,~~ which ~~were higher than the $10.4 million paid in 2016, and increased pension contributions of $17.1 million in 2017, compared to $5.0 million in 2016. Interest and restructuring payments~~ were broadly in line with ~~those~~payments made during the prior year.

The table below shows our cash flow from accounts receivable, inventories and accounts payable for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016:~~2017:


	Nine Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
(in millions of dollars)	September 30, 2017			September 30, 2016
(in millions)							September 30, 2018			September 30, 2017
Accounts receivable	$	64.6		$	67.7		$	46.2		$	64.6
Inventories	(48.4		)	(31.3		)	(81.2		)	(48.4		)
Accounts payable	(3.5		)	(7.3		)	39.1			(3.5		)
Cash flow provided by net working capital	$	12.7		$	29.1		$	4.1		$	12.7

Cash Flow from Investing Activities

Cash used by investing activities was ~~$311.0~~$63.4 million and ~~$99.1~~$311.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016,~~2017, respectively. The 2018 cash outflow includes $37.3 million of preliminary purchase price, net of cash acquired, paid for GOBA, while the 2017 ~~cash~~ outflow reflects $292.3 million of purchase price, net of cash acquired, ~~in connection with the Esselte Acquisition.~~paid for Esselte. For further details, see "Note 3. ~~Acquisition"~~Acquisitions" to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1. of this report. Capital expenditures were ~~$18.8~~$26.3 million and ~~$11.1~~$18.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2016,~~2017, respectively, with the increase compared to the prior-year period driven by information technology ~~systems-related~~system-related investments.

Cash Flow from Financing Activities

Cash provided by financing activities was ~~$247.7~~$3.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2018, compared to ~~$27.8~~$247.7 million provided for the same period of ~~2016.~~2017. Cash ~~provided~~sourced in ~~2017 reflects long-term~~2018 includes incremental net borrowings of ~~$474.1~~$99.1 million, consisting of €300.0 million (US$320.8 million based on January 27, 2017 exchange rates) in the form of an incremental Term Loan A to fund the Esselte Acquisition, along with additional borrowings of US$91.4 million under the Company’s 2017 Revolving Facility, primarily to repay the U.S. Dollar Senior Secured Term Loan A. Repayments of long-term debt of $180.5 million include the repayment of the U.S. Dollar Senior Secured Term Loan A in the amount of $81.0 million and repayments on the Australian Dollar Senior Secured Term Loan A. Additionally, we used cash of $42.4partially offset by $75.7 million for repurchases of our common stock and payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation, net of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options, and $18.9 million for the payment of dividends.

Cash provided in 2017 reflects proceeds from net long-term borrowings of $293.6 million largely in connection with the Esselte Acquisition. Additionally, we used cash of $42.4 million for repurchases of common stock and payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation, net of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options, and paid $3.5 million ~~for~~of debt issuance costs associated with the ~~financing of~~2017 debt refinancing in connection with the Esselte Acquisition.

Cash provided in 2016 of $27.8 million reflected long-term borrowings of $187.4 million, consisting of A$100.0 million in the form of an incremental Term A loan and additional borrowings of A$152.0 million under the Company’s prior revolving facility, primarily to fund the PA Acquisition. Also in 2016, repayments of long-term debt of $163.5 million included the repayment of the U.S. Dollar Senior Secured Term Loan A and repayment of the debt assumed in the PA Acquisition.

Credit Facilities and Notes Covenants

As of and for the periods ended September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company was in compliance with all applicable loan covenants.

Guarantees and Security

Adequacy of Liquidity Sources

We believe that cash flow from operations, our current cash balance and other sources of liquidity, including borrowings available under the 2017 Revolving Facility, will be adequate to support our requirements for working capital, capital and restructuring expenditures and to service indebtedness for the foreseeable future.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

See "Part II, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk" of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016.~~

~~Foreign Exchange Risk Management~~

As discussed in Item 7A of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company is exposed to various market risks, including changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rate changes. For the Esselte Acquisition, completed on January 31, 2017, we borrowed €300.0 million. For more information see "Note 3. Acquisition" and "Note 4. Long-term Debt and Short-term Borrowings" to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1. of this report.

As a result of the Esselte and PA Acquisitions, the portion of the Company's business conducted in foreign currencies has substantially increased. For 2016, on a pro forma basis (as if we had acquired Esselte and Pelikan Artline on January 1, 2016), approximately 55% of the Company's revenues would be in foreign currencies as compared to 43% before the Esselte and PA Acquisitions. Except as described herein, there were2017. There have been no material changes to ~~our~~ Foreign Exchange Risk ~~Management.~~

Management or Interest Rate Risk Management

~~As discussed~~ in ~~"Note 4. Long-term Debt and Short-term Borrowings" to~~ the ~~condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1.~~quarter ended September 30, 2018 or through the date of this ~~report, our bank debt has been refinanced in conjunction with the Esselte Acquisition.~~

Amounts outstanding under the 2017 Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Euro Rate with a 0% floor, the Australian BBSR Rate, the Canadian BA Rate or the Base Rate, as applicable and as each such rate is defined in the 2017 Credit Agreement, plus an "applicable rate." For the first fiscal quarter of 2017, the applicable rate was 2.00% per annum for Euro, Australian and Canadian dollar denominated loans, and 1.00% per annum for Base Rate loans. Thereafter, the applicable rate applied to outstanding Euro, Australian and Canadian dollar denominated loans and Base Rate loans is based on the Company’s Consolidated Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2017 Credit Agreement).report.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we carried out an evaluation under the supervision ~~and with the participation~~ of ~~our Disclosure Committee, including~~ the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, and with the participation of our Disclosure Committee, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were ~~effective.~~effective as of September 30, 2018.

(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting.

In January 2017, we completed the Esselte Acquisition, which represented $107.7 million of our consolidated net sales for the quarter ended September 30, 2017 and $699.8 million of our consolidated assets as of September 30, 2017. As the Esselte Acquisition occurred in the first quarter of 2017, the scope of our evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting does not include Esselte. This exclusion is in accordance with the SEC's general guidance that an assessment of a recently acquired business may be omitted from our scope, but not for more than one year from the date of acquisition.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, ~~2017~~2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial ~~reporting, except as mentioned above.~~reporting.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

There are various claims, lawsuits and pending actions against us incidental to our operations, including the income tax assessment against our Brazilian subsidiary, Tilibra Produtos de Papelaria Ltda (the "Brazilian Tax Assessment"), which is more fully described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016~~2017 and in "Part I, Item 1. Note ~~10.~~11. Income Taxes - Income Tax ~~Assessment"~~Assessment - Tilibra" to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. It is the opinion of management that (other than the Brazilian Tax Assessment) the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flow. However, there is no assurance that we will ultimately be successful in our defense of any of these matters or that an adverse outcome in any matter will not affect our results of operations, financial condition or cash flow.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

~~There have been no material changes in our~~Each of the following risk factors ~~from those disclosed~~updates and supersedes, in its entirety, any similarly captioned risk factor contained in "Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016.~~2017, or "Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018. The risk factors below should be reviewed together with the other risk factors contained in our 2017 Annual Report which remain unchanged:

A limited number of large customers account for a significant percentage of our net sales, and a substantial reduction in sales to, or gross profit from, or a significant decline in the financial condition of, one or more of these customers can materially adversely impact our business and results of operations.

Our top ten customers accounted for 42% and 44%, respectively, of our net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017. The loss of, or a significant reduction in sales to, one or more of our top customers, or significant adverse changes to the terms on which we sell our products to one or more of our top customers, can have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The competitive environment in which our large customers operate is rapidly changing. Office superstores, wholesalers and traditional retail customers (especially in our more developed geographies such as the U.S., Europe and Australia) face increasing competition, especially from mass merchants and e-tailers, which is driving a decline in their overall market share. In response, they continue to evolve their businesses, by shifting their channel or geographic focus, making changes to their operating models and merchandising strategies and, in many cases, consolidating or divesting unprofitable or unattractive segments of their businesses. All of these changes and the associated channel disruption and uncertainties, have made, and will continue to make, our business relationships with these customers more challenging and unpredictable. Their responses to the increasing competition include, but are not limited to: (i) increasing demands for better pricing, more promotional programs and longer payment terms; (ii) reducing the shelf space allotted to, and carrying a narrower assortment of, office and school products; (iii) increasing the amount of private label products, which compete with our branded offerings; and (iv) an overall reduction in the amount of inventory they hold. Lower sales through these traditional channels (which historically purchased products with relatively higher margins) has and are likely to continue to have an adverse impact on our sales, margins and results of operations.

In particular, the recently announced proposed acquisition of Essendant by Staples, which if completed will bring together two of our large U.S. customers, and the acquisition of U.S. independent dealers by both Staples and Office Depot, is creating substantial uncertainties and disruption in the wholesaler and independent dealer channels in the U.S., which has and will continue to impact our customer’s buying patterns. During the second quarter of 2018 our lower sales to wholesalers were anticipated, but in the third quarter of 2018, we experienced larger-than-expected reductions in sales to the U.S. wholesaler channel which resulted in a significant reduction in our sales and margins and negatively impacted the performance of our North America segment, as well as our overall performance. We expect this trend to continue until the uncertainties in the commercial channel are resolved and the situation stabilizes.

Our larger customers generally have the scale to develop supply chains that permit them to change their buying patterns, or develop and market their own private label and other economy brands that compete with some of our products. This ability also makes it easier for them to resist our efforts to increase prices, reduce inventory levels, reduce the range of our branded products they offer and, potentially, de-list our products. Given the significance of our large customers to our business, all of the actions they take in response to competitive pressures and economic conditions have, and will continue to, significantly impact our sales and margins, especially in North America, EMEA, Australia and Mexico.

The economic climate in some of the countries in which we operate is volatile. A slowing economy in our key markets or changes in consumer buying habits could adversely affect the financial health of one or more of our large customers which, in turn, could have an adverse effect on our sales, results of operations and financial condition. The sell-through of our products by our customers is dependent in part on high quality merchandising and an appealing store environment to attract consumers, which requires continuing investments by our customers. Large customers that experience financial difficulties may fail to make such investments or delay them, resulting in lower sales and orders for our products.

Changes to U.S. trade policies and regulations, as well as the overall uncertainty surrounding international trade relations, could have a material adverse effect our business.

Recent changes in U.S. trade policies, including tariffs on imports from China and on steel and aluminum we use in our U.S. manufacturing operations, have had, and we expect that they will continue to have, an increasingly adverse effect on our costs of products sold and margins in our North America segment. Additionally, further changes in U.S. trade policies appear likely, including additional import tariffs, and would likely adversely impact our business. In response to these changes, other countries have and may continue to change their own trade policies, including the imposition of tariffs and quotas, which could also adversely affect our business outside the U.S. The uncertainty surrounding U.S. trade policy makes it difficult to make long-term strategic decisions regarding the best way to respond to these pressures and could also increase the volatility of currency exchange rates. Further, the knock-on effect of the tariffs has resulted in an increase in the cost of U.S.-sourced products commensurate with the tariffs, as well as increased transportation and distribution costs as companies accelerate imports in anticipation of higher future tariffs or an increase in their scope.

In order to mitigate the impact of these trade-related increases on our costs of products sold, we have increased, and intend to continue to increase prices in the U.S. to recover the impact of known inflation. Over the longer term, we may make some changes in our supply chain and, potentially, our U.S. manufacturing strategy. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully pass on these costs through price increases or adjust our supply chain by locating alternative suppliers for raw materials or finished goods at acceptable costs or in a timely manner, and without incurring significant costs. Additionally, implementing price increases may cause our customers to find alternative sources for their products or lower their volumes with us, resulting in reduced sales. Conversely, when tariffs decline, customer demands for lower prices could result in lower sale prices and, to the extent we have existing inventory, lower margins. As a result, fluctuations in tariffs have and may continue to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our inability to effectively manage the negative impacts of changing U.S. and foreign trade policies, including tariffs, could materially adversely impact our sales, margins, results of operations and financial condition.

Shifts in the channels of distribution for our products could adversely impact our sales, margins and results of operations.

Due to the competitive pressures and resulting decline in market share of the traditional office superstore, and wholesaler and independent dealer channel, as well as the ongoing changes and uncertainties in these channels (especially in the U.S., Europe and Australia), our ongoing strategy is to grow sales and market share in the faster growing mass merchant and e-tailer channels, increase our direct sales to independent office products dealers, and expand distribution into new and growing channels and geographies while maintaining strong margins. We may not be successful in executing against this strategy fast enough to offset the declines we are experiencing in the traditional office superstore and wholesaler channels due to competitive pressures and uncertainties, if at all. Additionally, the changes in our customer and product mix which may result from the shift in sales and growth in market share in these faster growing channels, may negatively impact our margins. Our inability to successfully manage the shift away from distribution channels which are declining, and grow sales and market share with customers in faster growing channels, could have a material adverse impact on our sales, margins, results of operations and financial condition.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

(a) Not applicable.

(b) Not applicable.

The following table provides information about our purchases of equity securities during the quarter ended September 30, ~~2017:~~2018:

Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan or Program⁽¹⁾

Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program⁽¹⁾
July 1, 2017 to July 31, 2017 375,776
$ 11.88
375,776
$ 109,332,381
August 1, 2017 to August 31, 2017 1,422,999
10.96
1,422,999
93,735,881
September 1, 2017 to September 30, 2017 873,124
11.18
873,124
83,974,267
Total 2,671,899
$ 11.16
2,671,899
$ 83,974,267



Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan or Program⁽¹⁾	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program⁽¹⁾
July 1, 2018 to July 31, 2018	307,578	$	13.76	307,578	$	128,731,632
August 1, 2018 to August 31, 2018	1,036,489	12.51		1,036,489	115,770,058
September 1, 2018 to September 30, 2018	559,991	12.15		559,991	108,964,228
Total	1,904,058	$	12.60	1,904,058	$	108,964,228

(1) On ~~August 21, 2014,~~October 28, 2015, the Company announced that its Board of Directors had approved the repurchase of up to $100 million in shares of its common stock. ~~Subsequently on October 28, 2015,~~On February 14, 2018, the Company announced that its Board of Directors had approved an authorization to repurchase up to an additional $100 million in shares of its common stock.

The number of shares to be purchased, if any, and the timing of purchases will be based on the Company's stock price, leverage ratios, cash balances, general business and market conditions, and other factors, including alternative investment opportunities and working capital needs. The Company may repurchase its shares, from time to time, through a variety of methods, including open-market purchases, privately negotiated transactions and block trades or pursuant to repurchase plans designed to comply with the Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of ~~1934.~~1934, as amended. Any stock repurchases will be subject to market conditions, SEC regulations and other considerations and may be commenced or suspended at any time or from time to time, without prior notice. Accordingly, there is no guarantee as to the number of shares that will be repurchased or the timing of such repurchases.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit

Number Description of Exhibit


10.1	First Amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of January 27, 2017, among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other lenders party hereto *


31.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 *


31.2	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 *


32.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 **


32.2	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 **



*	Filed herewith.



**	Furnished herewith.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



REGISTRANT:

ACCO BRANDS CORPORATION

By:	/s/ Boris Elisman
Boris Elisman
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)

By:	/s/ Neal V. Fenwick
Neal V. Fenwick
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer)

By:	/s/ Kathleen D. ~~Schnaedter~~Hood
Kathleen D. ~~Schnaedter~~Hood
Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer (principal accounting officer)

Date: ~~November 1, 2017~~October 30, 2018



PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION	4
Item 1. Financial Statements	4
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	4
Consolidated Statements of Income	5
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	7
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	2831
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	3943
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	3943
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION	4044
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	4044
Item 1A. Risk Factors	4044
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	4046
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	4046
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	4046
Item 5. Other Information	4146
Item 6. Exhibits	4246
SIGNATURES	4348



Consolidated Leverage Ratio	Applicable Rate on Euro/AUD/CDN Dollar Loans	Applicable Rate on Base Rate Loans
> 4.00 to 1.00	2.50%	1.50%
≤ 4.00 to 1.00 and > 3.50 to 1.00	2.25%	1.25%
≤ 3.50 to 1.00 and > 3.00 to 1.00	2.00%	1.00%
≤ 3.00 to 1.00 and > 2.00 to 1.00	1.50%	0.50%
≤ 2.00 to 1.00	1.25%	0.25%



(in millions of dollars)	Balance at December 31, 2016		Esselte Acquisition (3)		Provision		Cash Expenditures			Non-cash Items/ Currency Change		Balance at September 30, 2017
Employee termination costs⁽¹⁾	$	1.4	$	1.4	$	13.2	$	(5.2	)	$	0.5	$	11.3
Termination of lease agreements⁽²⁾	0.1		2.0		1.9		(1.2		)	0.1		2.9
Other	—		0.1		1.0		(0.3		)	0.1		0.9
Total restructuring liability	$	1.5	$	3.5	$	16.1	$	(6.7	)	$	0.7	$	15.1



(in millions of dollars)	Balance at December 31, 2015		PA Acquisition (4)		Provision		Cash Expenditures			Non-cash Items/ Currency Change		Balance at September 30, 2016
Employee termination costs	$	0.9	$	—	$	4.6	$	(4.4	)	$	0.1	$	1.2
Termination of lease agreements	0.1		—		0.2		(0.2		)	—		0.1
Total restructuring liability	$	1.0	$	—	$	4.8	$	(4.6	)	$	0.1	$	1.3