Table of Contents


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark one)  
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019

OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
   
 For the transition period from              to              
Commission file number: 1-8606
Verizon Communications Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 23-2259884
(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization)
 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
1095 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York
 10036
New York,New York
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (212) (212395-1000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each ClassTrading Symbol(s)Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.10VZNew York Stock Exchange
Common Stock, par value $0.10VZThe NASDAQ Global Select Market
2.375% Notes due 2022VZ22ANew York Stock Exchange
0.500% Notes due 2022VZ22BNew York Stock Exchange
1.625% Notes due 2024VZ24BNew York Stock Exchange
4.073% Notes due 2024VZ24CNew York Stock Exchange
0.875% Notes due 2025VZ25New York Stock Exchange
3.250% Notes due 2026VZ26New York Stock Exchange
1.375% Notes due 2026VZ26BNew York Stock Exchange
0.875% Notes due 2027VZ27ENew York Stock Exchange
1.375% Notes due 2028VZ28New York Stock Exchange
1.875% Notes due 2029VZ29BNew York Stock Exchange
1.250% Notes due 2030VZ30New York Stock Exchange
1.875% Notes due 2030VZ30ANew York Stock Exchange
2.625% Notes due 2031VZ31New York Stock Exchange
2.500% Notes due 2031VZ31ANew York Stock Exchange
0.875% Notes due 2032VZ32New York Stock Exchange
4.750% Notes due 2034VZ34New York Stock Exchange
3.125% Notes due 2035VZ35New York Stock Exchange
3.375% Notes due 2036VZ36ANew York Stock Exchange
2.875% Notes due 2038VZ38BNew York Stock Exchange
1.500% Notes due 2039VZ39CNew York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes     No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).     Yes     No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   ☒  Yes   ☐  No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   ☒  Yes   ☐  No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
      
 Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer
 Non-accelerated filer
 Smaller reporting company
    Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   ☐  Yes   ☒  No
At March 31, 2019, 4,135,706,646 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding, after deducting 155,727,000

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes     No

At September 30, 2019, 4,135,784,209 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding, after deducting 155,649,437 shares held in treasury.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item No. Page
   
 
   
Item 1. 
   
 
 Three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019 and 2018 
   
 
 Three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019 and 2018 
   
 
 At March 31,September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 
   
 
 ThreeNine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019 and 2018 
   
 
   
Item 2.
   
Item 3.
   
Item 4.
  
 
   
Item 1.
   
Item 1A.
   
Item 2.
   
Item 6.
  
  
 


Part I - Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
Verizon Communications Inc. and Subsidiaries

Three Months Ended Three Months Ended  Nine Months Ended 
March 31, September 30,  September 30, 
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts) (unaudited)2019
 2018
2019
 2018
 2019
 2018
          
Operating Revenues          
Service revenues and other$27,197
 $26,732
$27,753
 $27,254
 $82,301
 $81,145
Wireless equipment revenues4,931
 5,040
5,141
 5,353
 14,792
 15,437
Total Operating Revenues32,128
 31,772
32,894
 32,607
 97,093
 96,582
          
Operating Expenses          
Cost of services (exclusive of items shown below)7,792
 7,946
7,902
 7,842
 23,396
 24,022
Wireless cost of equipment5,198
 5,309
Cost of wireless equipment5,482
 5,489
 15,699
 16,195
Selling, general and administrative expense7,198
 6,844
7,216
 7,224
 21,682
 21,673
Depreciation and amortization expense4,231
 4,324
4,114
 4,377
 12,577
 13,051
Total Operating Expenses24,419
 24,423
24,714
 24,932
 73,354
 74,941
          
Operating Income7,709
 7,349
8,180
 7,675
 23,739
 21,641
Equity in losses of unconsolidated businesses(6) (19)(1) (3) (20) (250)
Other income (expense), net295
 (75)(110) 214
 (1,127) 499
Interest expense(1,210) (1,201)(1,146) (1,211) (3,571) (3,634)
Income Before Provision For Income Taxes6,788
 6,054
6,923
 6,675
 19,021
 18,256
Provision for income taxes(1,628) (1,388)(1,586) (1,613) (4,450) (4,282)
Net Income$5,160
 $4,666
$5,337
 $5,062
 $14,571
 $13,974
          
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests$128
 $121
$143
 $138
 $401
 $385
Net income attributable to Verizon5,032
 4,545
5,194
 4,924
 14,170
 13,589
Net Income$5,160
 $4,666
$5,337
 $5,062
 $14,571
 $13,974
          
Basic Earnings Per Common Share          
Net income attributable to Verizon$1.22
 $1.11
$1.26
 $1.19
 $3.42
 $3.29
Weighted-average shares outstanding (in millions)4,138
 4,104
4,138
 4,136
 4,138
 4,125
          
Diluted Earnings Per Common Share          
Net income attributable to Verizon$1.22
 $1.11
$1.25
 $1.19
 $3.42
 $3.29
Weighted-average shares outstanding (in millions)4,140
 4,107
4,140
 4,140
 4,140
 4,129
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements


Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Verizon Communications Inc. and Subsidiaries
 
Three Months Ended Three Months Ended  Nine Months Ended 
March 31, September 30,  September 30, 
(dollars in millions) (unaudited)2019
 2018
2019
 2018
 2019
 2018
          
Net Income$5,160
 $4,666
$5,337
 $5,062
 $14,571
 $13,974
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax (Expense) Benefit          
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $(5) and $(6)24
 93
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges, net of tax of $5 and $(180)(13) 501
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax of $(2) and $14
 (5)
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans, net of tax of $56 and $60(169) (173)
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Verizon(154) 416
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $(10), $2, $(12) and $8(10) 10
 (53) (73)
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges, net of tax of $59, $(118), $257 and $(243)(166) 329
 (716) 678
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax of $(1), $2, $(3) and $32
 (1) 10
 (5)
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans, net of tax of $56, $117, $168 and $235(169) (342) (507) (688)
Other comprehensive loss attributable to Verizon(343) (4) (1,266) (88)
Total Comprehensive Income$5,006
 $5,082
$4,994
 $5,058
 $13,305
 $13,886
          
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests$128
 $121
$143
 $138
 $401
 $385
Comprehensive income attributable to Verizon4,878
 4,961
4,851
 4,920
 12,904
 13,501
Total Comprehensive Income$5,006
 $5,082
$4,994
 $5,058
 $13,305
 $13,886
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
Verizon Communications Inc. and Subsidiaries

At March 31,
 At December 31,
At September 30,
 At December 31,
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts) (unaudited)2019
 2018
2019
 2018
      
Assets      
Current assets      
Cash and cash equivalents$2,322
 $2,745
$3,020
 $2,745
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $744 and $76524,469
 25,102
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $706 and $76524,713
 25,102
Inventories1,417
 1,336
1,538
 1,336
Prepaid expenses and other5,189
 5,453
5,624
 5,453
Total current assets33,397
 34,636
34,895
 34,636
      
Property, plant and equipment254,457
 252,835
260,053
 252,835
Less accumulated depreciation166,608
 163,549
171,204
 163,549
Property, plant and equipment, net87,849
 89,286
88,849
 89,286
      
Investments in unconsolidated businesses674
 671
628
 671
Wireless licenses94,237
 94,130
94,433
 94,130
Goodwill24,635
 24,614
24,570
 24,614
Other intangible assets, net9,608
 9,775
9,264
 9,775
Operating lease right-of-use assets23,105
 
22,218
 
Other assets10,442
 11,717
10,018
 11,717
Total assets$283,947
 $264,829
$284,875
 $264,829
      
Liabilities and Equity      
Current liabilities      
Debt maturing within one year$8,614
 $7,190
$7,830
 $7,190
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities18,664
 22,501
19,566
 22,501
Current operating lease liabilities2,997
 
2,959
 
Other current liabilities8,332
 8,239
8,854
 8,239
Total current liabilities38,607
 37,930
39,209
 37,930
      
Long-term debt105,045
 105,873
101,769
 105,873
Employee benefit obligations17,888
 18,599
18,236
 18,599
Deferred income taxes34,344
 33,795
34,592
 33,795
Non-current operating lease liabilities18,971
 
18,214
 
Other liabilities11,632
 13,922
12,543
 13,922
Total long-term liabilities187,880
 172,189
185,354
 172,189
      
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 12)

 


 

      
Equity      
Series preferred stock ($0.10 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized; none issued)
 

 
Common stock ($0.10 par value; 6,250,000,000 shares authorized in each period; 4,291,433,646 issued in each period)429
 429
429
 429
Additional paid in capital13,418
 13,437
13,418
 13,437
Retained earnings46,493
 43,542
50,595
 43,542
Accumulated other comprehensive income2,216
 2,370
1,104
 2,370
Common stock in treasury, at cost (155,727,000 and 159,400,267 shares outstanding)(6,825) (6,986)
Common stock in treasury, at cost (155,649,437 and 159,400,267 shares outstanding)(6,822) (6,986)
Deferred compensation – employee stock ownership plans and other125
 353
197
 353
Noncontrolling interests1,604
 1,565
1,391
 1,565
Total equity57,460
 54,710
60,312
 54,710
Total liabilities and equity$283,947
 $264,829
$284,875
 $264,829
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Verizon Communications Inc. and Subsidiaries
 
Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 
March 31, September 30, 
(dollars in millions) (unaudited)2019
 2018
2019
 2018
      
Cash Flows from Operating Activities      
Net Income$5,160
 $4,666
$14,571
 $13,974
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:      
Depreciation and amortization expense4,231
 4,324
12,577
 13,051
Employee retirement benefits(195) (151)(105) (886)
Deferred income taxes459
 702
1,070
 2,023
Provision for uncollectible accounts319
 239
1,131
 699
Equity in losses of unconsolidated businesses, net of dividends received21
 30
64
 291
Net loss on sale of divested businesses94
 
Changes in current assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisition/disposition of businesses(2,702) (2,033)(3,902) (1,944)
Discretionary employee benefits contributions(300) (1,000)(300) (1,679)
Other, net88
 (129)1,548
 715
Net cash provided by operating activities7,081
 6,648
26,748
 26,244
      
Cash Flows from Investing Activities      
Capital expenditures (including capitalized software)(4,268) (4,552)(12,332) (12,026)
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired(25) (32)(29) (39)
Acquisitions of wireless licenses(104) (970)(299) (1,307)
Proceeds from dispositions of businesses27
 
Other, net(406) 269
476
 236
Net cash used in investing activities(4,803) (5,285)(12,157) (13,136)
      
Cash Flows from Financing Activities      
Proceeds from long-term borrowings2,131
 1,956
8,360
 5,932
Proceeds from asset-backed long-term borrowings1,117
 1,178
3,982
 3,216
Repayments of long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations(2,963) (2,984)(12,486) (9,776)
Repayments of asset-backed long-term borrowings(813) 
(5,273) (2,915)
Dividends paid(2,489) (2,407)(7,474) (7,283)
Other, net360
 941
(1,410) (1,595)
Net cash used in financing activities(2,657) (1,316)(14,301) (12,421)
      
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(379) 47
Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash290
 687
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period3,916
 2,888
3,916
 2,888
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period (Note 1)$3,537
 $2,935
$4,206
 $3,575
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements


Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Verizon Communications Inc. and Subsidiaries
Note 1. Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the United States (U.S.) and based upon Securities and Exchange Commission rules that permit reduced disclosure for interim periods. For a more complete discussion of significant accounting policies and certain other information, you should refer to the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 of Verizon Communications Inc. (Verizon or the Company). included in its Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 8, 2019. These financial statements reflect all adjustments that are necessary for a fair presentation of results of operations and financial condition for the interim periods shown, including normal recurring accruals and other items. The results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year.

In November 2018, we announced a strategic reorganization of our business. Under the new structure, effective April 1, 2019, there are 2 reportable segments that we operate and manage as strategic business units - Verizon Consumer Group (Consumer) and Verizon Business Group (Business). In conjunction with the new reporting structure, we recast our segment disclosures for all periods presented.

Our Consumer segment provides consumer-focused wireless and wireline communications services and products. Our wireless services are provided across one of the most extensive wireless networks in the U.S. under the Verizon Wireless brand and through wholesale and other arrangements. Our wireline services are provided in nine states in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern U.S., as well as Washington D.C., over our 100% fiber-optic network under the Fios brand and over a traditional copper-based network to customers who are not served by Fios. Our Consumer segment’s wireless and wireline products and services are available to our retail customers, as well as resellers that purchase wireless network access from us on a wholesale basis.

Our Business segment provides wireless and wireline communications services and products, video and data services, corporate networking solutions, security and managed network services, local and long distance voice services and network access to deliver various Internet of Things (IoT) services and products. We provide these products and services to businesses, government customers and wireless and wireline carriers across the U.S. and select products and services to customers around the world.

Basis of Presentation
We have reclassified certain prior periodyear amounts to conform to the current period presentation.year presentation, including impacts for changes in our reportable segments.

Earnings Per Common Share
There were a total of approximately 2 million outstanding dilutive securities, primarily consisting of restricted stock units, included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share for both the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019. There were a total of approximately 34 million outstanding dilutive securities, primarily consisting of restricted stock units, included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share for both the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
We consider all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates quoted market value and includes amounts held in money market funds.

Cash collections on the device payment plan agreement receivables collateralizing our asset-backed debt securities are required at certain specified times to be placed into segregated accounts. Deposits to the segregated accounts are considered restricted cash and are included in Prepaid expenses and other and Other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash are included in the following line items onin the condensed consolidated balance sheets:
At March 31,
 At December 31,
 Increase / (Decrease)
At September 30,
 At December 31,
 Increase / (Decrease)
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
 2019
 2018
 
Cash and cash equivalents$2,322
 $2,745
 $(423)$3,020
 $2,745
 $275
Restricted cash:          
Prepaid expenses and other1,091
 1,047
 44
1,077
 1,047
 30
Other assets124
 124
 
109
 124
 (15)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$3,537
 $3,916
 $(379)$4,206
 $3,916
 $290


Goodwill
Goodwill is the excess of the acquisition cost of businesses over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Impairment testing for goodwill is performed annually in the fourth quarter or more frequently if impairment indicators are present. In November 2018, we announced a strategic reorganization ofWe transitioned into our businessnew segment reporting structure effective April 1, 2019, which resulted in certain changes to our operating segments and reporting units. We transitioned toUpon the new segment reporting structure effective April 1, 2019, in connection with which we are reassigning

date of reorganization, the goodwill to each of our historical Wireless reporting unit, historical Wireline reporting unit and historical Verizon Connect reporting unit were reallocated to our new Consumer and Business reporting units.units using a relative fair value approach.

We performed an impairment assessment of the impacted reporting units, specifically our historical Wireless, historical Wireline and historical Connect reporting units at on March 31, 2019,, immediately before our strategic reorganization became effective. Our impairment assessments indicated that the fair value for each of our historical Wireless, historical Wireline and historical Connect reporting units exceeded their respective carrying value, and therefore did not result in a goodwill impairment. We then performed an impairment assessment for our Consumer and Business reporting units on April 1, 2019, immediately following our strategic reorganization. Our impairment assessments indicated that the fair value for each of our Consumer and Business reporting units exceeded their respective carrying values and therefore, did not result in a goodwill impairment. Our Media reporting unit was not impacted by the strategic reorganization and there werewas no indicatorsindicator of impairment during the quarter ended March 31, 2019.impairment.


Recently Adopted Accounting Standard
The following Accounting Standard Updates (ASUs) were issued by Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), and have been recently adopted by Verizon.
 DescriptionDate of AdoptionEffect on Financial Statements
 ASU 2016-02, ASU 2018-01, ASU 2018-10, ASU 2018-11, ASU 2018-20 and ASU 2019-01, Leases (Topic 842)
 The FASB issued Topic 842 requiring entities to recognize assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases, with certain exceptions. In addition, Topic 842 will enableenables users of financial statements to further understand the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. Topic 842 allowsallowed for a modified retrospective application and iswas effective as of the first quarter of 2019. Entities arewere allowed to apply the modified retrospective approach: (1) retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented in the financial statements with the cumulative-effect adjustment recognized at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented; or (2) retrospectively at the beginning of the period of adoption (January 1, 2019) through a cumulative-effect adjustment. The modified retrospective approach includes a number of optional practical expedients that entities may elect to apply.1/1/2019We adopted Topic 842 beginning on January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach with a cumulative-effect adjustment to opening retained earnings recorded at the beginning of the period of adoption. Therefore, upon adoption, we have recognized and measured leases without revising comparative period information or disclosure. We recorded an increase of $410 million (net of tax) to retained earnings on January 1, 2019 which related to deferred sale leaseback gains recognized from prior transactions. Additionally, the adoption of the standard had a significant impact in our condensed consolidated balance sheet due to the recognition of $22.1 billion of operating lease liabilities, along with $23.2 billion of operating lease right-of-use-assets.
 


The cumulative after-tax effect of the changes made to our condensed consolidated balance sheet for the adoption of Topic 842 were as follows:
(dollars in millions)At December 31, 2018
 
Adjustments due to
Topic 842

 At January 1, 2019
Prepaid expenses and other$5,453
 $(329) $5,124
Operating lease right-of-use assets
 23,241
 23,241
Other assets11,717
 (2,048) 9,669
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities22,501
 (3) 22,498
Other current liabilities8,239
 (2) 8,237
Current operating lease liabilities
 2,931
 2,931
Deferred income taxes33,795
 139
 33,934
Non-current operating lease liabilities
 19,203
 19,203
Other liabilities13,922
 (1,815) 12,107
Retained earnings43,542
 410
 43,952
Noncontrolling interests1,565
 1
 1,566


In addition to the increase to the operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets and the derecognition of deferred sale leaseback gains through opening retained earnings, Topic 842 also resulted in reclassifying the presentation of prepaid and deferred rent to operating lease right-of-use assets. The operating lease right-of-use assets amount also includes the balance of any prepaid lease payments, unamortized initial direct costs and lease incentives.

We elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard. Accordingly, we have adopted these practical expedients and did not reassess: (1) whether an expired or existing contract is a lease or contains an embedded lease; (2) lease classification of an expired or existing lease; or (3) capitalization of initial direct costs for an expired or existing lease. In addition, we have elected the land easement transition practical expedient, and did not reassess whether an existing or expired land easement is a lease or contains a lease if it has not historically been accounted for as a lease.

We lease network equipment including towers, distributed antenna systems, small cells, real estate, connectivity mediums which include dark fiber, equipment, leases, and other various types of assets for use in our operations under both operating and finance leases. We assess whether an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at inception. For arrangements considered leases or that contain a lease that is accounted for separately,

we determine the classification and initial measurement of the right-of-use asset and lease liability at the lease commencement date, which is the date that the underlying asset becomes available for use.

For both operating and finance leases, we recognize a right-of-use asset, which represents our right to use the underlying asset for the lease term, and a lease liability, which represents the present value of our obligation to make payments arising over the lease term. The present value of the lease payments is calculated using the incremental borrowing rate for operating and finance leases. The incremental borrowing rate is determined using a portfolio approach based on the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis over a similar term. Management uses the unsecured borrowing rate and risk-adjusts that rate to approximate a collateralized rate, which will be updated on a quarterly basis for measurement of new lease liabilities.


In those circumstances where the Company is the lessee, we have elected to account for non-lease components associated with our leases (e.g., common area maintenance costs) and lease components as a single lease component for substantially all of our asset classes. Additionally, in arrangements where we are the lessor, we have customer premise equipment for which we apply the lease and non-lease component practical expedient and account for non-lease components (e.g., service revenue) and lease components as combined components under the revenue recognition guidance in ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" (Topic 606) as the service revenues are the predominant components in the arrangements.

Rent expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease and is included in either Cost of services or Selling, general and administrative expense in our condensed consolidated statements of income, based on the use of the facility on which rent is being paid. Variable rent payments related to both operating and finance leases are expensed in the period incurred. Our variable lease payments consist of payments dependent on various external indicators, including real estate taxes, common area maintenance charges and utility usage.

Operating leases with a term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; we recognize a rent expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

We recognize the amortization of the right-of-use asset for our finance leases on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the term of the lease or the useful life of the right-of-use asset in Depreciation and amortization expense in our condensed consolidated statements of income. The interest expense related to finance leases is recognized using the effective interest method based on the discount rate determined at lease commencement and is included within Interest expense in our condensed consolidated statements of income.

See Note 5 for additional information related to leases, including disclosure required under Topic 842.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards
The following ASUs have been recently issued by the FASB.
 DescriptionDate of AdoptionEffect on Financial Statements
 ASU 2016-13, ASU 2018-19, ASU 2019-04, ASU 2019-05, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326)
 In June 2016, the FASB issued this standard update which requires certain financial assets be measured at amortized cost net of an allowance for estimated credit losses such that the net receivable represents the present value of expected cash collection. In addition, this standard update requires that certain financial assets be measured at amortized cost reflecting an allowance for estimated credit losses expected to occur over the life of the assets. The estimate of credit losses must be based on all relevant information including historical information, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the amounts. An entity will apply the update through a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective (January 1, 2020). A prospective transition approach is required for debt securities for which an other-than-temporary impairment has been recognized before the effective date. Early adoption of this standard is permitted.1/1/2020
We are currentlyOver the course of 2019, our cross-functional coordinated team has been evaluating the requirements and scoping the possible impacts that this standard update will have on our various financial assets, which we expectexpected to include, but iswere not limited to, our device payment plan agreement receivables, service receivables and contract assets. We have established a cross-functional coordinated team to address

During the potentialfourth quarter of 2019, we will be finalizing our assessment of the expected impacts to our systems,accounting, reporting, processes and internal controls in order to meetarising from this standard update which we will adopt on January 1, 2020. Although we have not yet finalized our evaluation of the standard update's accounting and reporting requirements.update, we do not currently expect the impact to be significant. We anticipate any impact will be primarily related to certain device payment plan agreement receivables.



 
 


Note 2. Revenues and Contract Costs
We earn revenue from contracts with customers, primarily through the provision of telecommunications and other services and through the sale of wireless equipment.


Revenue by Category
We have 2 reportable segments that we operate and manage ouras strategic business in two reportable segments, Wirelessunits - Consumer and Wireline.Business. Revenue is disaggregated by products and services within Consumer, and customer groups respectively, which we view as the relevant categorization of revenues for these businesses.(Global Enterprise, Small and Medium Business, Public Sector and Other and Wholesale) within Business. See Note 11 for additional information on revenue by segment.

Corporate and other includes the results of our Mediamedia business, Verizon Media Group (Verizon Media), which operated in 2018 under the "Oath" brand until January 2019, and our telematics business, branded Verizon Connect.other businesses. Verizon Media generated revenues from contracts with customers under Topic 606 of approximately $1.8 billion and $1.9$5.4 billion, during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, and 2018, respectively. Verizon ConnectMedia generated revenues from contracts with customers under Topic 606 of approximately $242 million$1.8 billion and $234 million,$5.6 billion during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2019 andSeptember 30, 2018, respectively.

We also earn revenues that are not accounted for under Topic 606, from leasing arrangements (such as towers), captive reinsurance arrangements primarily related to wireless device insurance and the interest on equipment financed on a device payment plan agreement when sold to the

customer by an authorized agent. As allowed by the practical expedient within Topic 842, we have elected to combine the lease and non-lease components for those arrangements of customer premise equipment where we are the lessor as components accounted for under Topic 606. During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, revenues from arrangements that were not accounted for under Topic 606 were approximately $779 million and $2.4 billion, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, revenues from arrangements that were not accounted for under Topic 606 were approximately $787 million$1.1 billion and $1.2$3.4 billion, respectively.

Remaining Performance Obligations
When allocating the total contract transaction price to identified performance obligations, a portion of the total transaction price may relate to service performance obligations thatwhich were not satisfied or wereare partially satisfied as of the end of the reporting period. Below we disclose information relating to these unsatisfied performance obligations. In the prior year,Upon adoption, we have elected to apply the practical expedient available under Topic 606 whichthat provides the option to exclude the expected revenues arising from unsatisfied performance obligations related to contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less. This situation primarily arises with respect to certain month-to-month service contracts. At March 31,September 30, 2019, month-to-month service contracts represented approximately 86%87% of Wirelessour wireless postpaid contracts and approximately 55%59% of Wireline consumerour wireline Consumer and small businessSmall and Medium Business contracts, compared to March 31,September 30, 2018, for which month-to-month service contracts represented approximately 82%85% of Wirelessour wireless postpaid contracts and 57%56% of Wireline consumerour wireline Consumer and small businessSmall and Medium Business contracts.

Additionally, certain Wireless and Wireline contracts provide customers the option to purchase additional services. The feefees related to thethese additional services isare recognized when the customer exercises the option (typically on a month-to-month basis).

Wireless customer contractsContracts for wireless services are generally either month-to-month and cancellable at any time (typically under a device payment plan) or contain terms ranging from greater than one month to up to two years (typically under a fixed-term plan). Additionally, customers may incur charges based on usage or may purchase additional optional services purchased in conjunction with entering into a contract whichthat can be cancelled at any time and therefore are not included in the transaction price. When a service contract is longer than one month, the service contract term will generally be two years or less. The transaction price allocated to service performance obligations, which are not satisfied or are partially satisfied as of the end of the reporting period, are generally related to our fixed-term plans.

Our wirelessConsumer group customers also include other companies who utilize Verizon's network totraditional wholesale resellers that purchase and resell wireless service under their own brands to their respective end customers. Reseller arrangements generally include a stated contract term, which typically extendextends longer than two years. These arrangements generallyyears and, in some cases, include an annuala periodic minimum revenue commitment over the contract term of the contract for which revenues will be recognized in future periods.

At March 31, 2019, the transaction price related to Wireless unsatisfied performance obligations expected to be recognized for the remainder of 2019, 2020 and thereafter was $8.3 billion, $6.7 billion and $2.3 billion, respectively.

WirelineConsumer customer contracts are either month-to-month, include a specified term with fixed monthly fees, or contain revenue commitments, and may also contain usage based services. Consumer Markets customers under contractfor wireline services generally have a service term of two years; however, this term may be shorter than twelve months or may be month-to-month. Certain Enterprise Solutions, Partner Solutions and Business Markets service contracts with Business customers for wireline services extend into future periods, contain fixed monthly fees and usage-based fees, and can include annual commitments perin each year of the contract or commitments over the entire specified contract term. Aterm; however, a significant number of contracts within these businessesfor wireline services with our Business customers have a contract term that is twelve months or less.

At March 31, 2019, the transaction price relating to Wireline unsatisfied performance obligations expected to be recognized for the remainder of 2019, 2020 and thereafter was $5.9 billion, $4.0 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively.

In certain Enterprise Solutions, Partner Solutions and Business Markets service contracts within Wireline and certain telematics service contracts within Corporate and other,Additionally, there are customercertain contracts with Business customers for wireline services that have a contractual minimum fee over the total contract term. We cannot predict the time period when revenue will be recognized related to those contracts; thus, they are excluded from the time bands discussed above.below. These contracts have varying terms spanning over fourapproximately five years ending in JanuarySeptember 2024 and have aggregate contract minimum payments totaling $3.8$3.7 billion.

At September 30, 2019, the transaction price related to unsatisfied performance obligations for total Verizon that is expected to be recognized for 2019, 2020 and thereafter was $5.8 billion, $17.3 billion and $7.6 billion, respectively. Remaining performance obligation estimates are subject to change and are affected by several factors, including terminations and changes in the timing and scope of contracts, arising from contract modifications.

Accounts Receivable and Contract Balances
The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the time of billing to our customers. Receivables presented in our condensed consolidated balance sheet represent an unconditional right to consideration. Contract balances represent amounts from an arrangement when either Verizon has performed, by transferring goods or services to the customer in advance of receiving all or partial consideration for such goods and services

from the customer, or the customer has made payment to Verizon in advance of obtaining control of the goods and/or services promised to the customer in the contract.

Contract assets primarily relate to our rights to consideration for goods or services provided to the customers but for which we do not have an unconditional right at the reporting date. Under a fixed-term plan, the total contract revenue is allocated between wireless servicesservice and equipment revenues. In conjunction with these arrangements, a contract asset is created, which represents the difference between the amount of equipment revenue recognized upon sale and the amount of consideration received from the customer.customer when the performance obligation related to the transfer of control of the equipment is satisfied. The contract asset is reclassified asto accounts receivable as wireless services are provided and billed. We have the right to bill the customer as service is provided over time, which results in our right to the payment being unconditional. The contract asset balances are presented in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as Prepaid expenses and other and Other assets. We assess our contract assets for impairment on a quarterly basis and will recognize an impairment charge to the extent their carrying amount is not recoverable.


Contract liabilities arise when we bill our customers and receive consideration in advance of providing the goods or services promised in the contract. We typically bill service one month in advance, which is the primary component of the contract liability balance. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when services are provided to the customer. The contract liability balances are presented in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as Other current liabilities and Other liabilities.

The following table presents information about receivables from contracts with customers:
At January 1,
 At March 31,
 At January 1,
 At March 31,
At September 30,
 At January 1,
 At September 30,
 At January 1,
(dollars in millions)2019
 2019
 2018
 2018
2019
 2019
 2018
 2018
Receivables(1)
$12,104
 $11,601
 $12,073
 $11,028
$11,900
 $12,104
 $11,966
 $12,073
Device payment plan agreement receivables(2)
8,940
 9,687
 1,461
 3,630
10,538
 8,940
 6,723
 1,461

(1) 
Balances do not include receivables related to the following contracts: leasing arrangements (such as towers), captive reinsurance arrangements primarily related to wireless device insurance and the interest on equipment financed on a device payment plan agreement when sold to the customer by an authorized agent.
(2) 
Included in device payment plan agreement receivables presented in Note 7. Balances do not include receivables related to contracts completed prior to January 1, 2018 and receivables derived from the sale of equipment on a device payment plan through an authorized agent.

The following table presents information about contract balances:


At January 1,
 At March 31,
 At January 1,
 At March 31,
At September 30,
 At January 1,
 At September 30,
 At January 1,
(dollars in millions)2019
 2019
 2018
 2018
2019
 2019
 2018
 2018
Contract asset$1,003
 $1,021
 $1,170
 $1,106
$1,102
 $1,003
 $997
 $1,170
Contract liability (1)
4,943
 4,973
 4,452
 4,571
5,082
 4,943
 4,693
 4,452

(1) Revenue recognized related to contract liabilities existing at January 1, 2019 and January 1, 2018 were $3.7 billion$235 million and $3.5$4.1 billion, for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, respectively, and March 31, 2018, respectively.$101 million and $3.9 billion, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

The balance of contract assets and contract liabilities recorded in our condensed consolidated balance sheet were as follows:


At March 31,
 At December 31,
At September 30,
 At December 31,
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
2019
 2018
Assets      
Prepaid expenses and other$770
 $757
$818
 $757
Other assets251
 246
284
 246
Total$1,021
 $1,003
$1,102
 $1,003
      
Liabilities      
Other current liabilities$4,255
 $4,207
$4,480
 $4,207
Other liabilities718
 736
602
 736
Total$4,973
 $4,943
$5,082
 $4,943


Contract Costs
Topic 606 requires the recognition of an asset for incremental costs to obtain a customer contract, which are then amortized to expense over the respective periods of expected benefit. We recognize an asset for incremental commission expenses paid to internal and external sales personnel and agents in conjunction with obtaining customer contracts. We only defer these costs when we have determined the commissions are in fact, incremental andcosts that would not have been incurred absent the customer contract.contract and are expected to be recoverable. Costs to obtain a contract are amortized and recorded ratably as commission expense over the period representing the transfer of goods or services to which the assets relate. These costs are recorded in Selling, general and administrative expense. Wireless costsCosts to obtain wireless contracts are amortized over both of our Consumer and Business customers' estimated device upgrade cycles, as such costs are typically incurred each time a customer upgrades. Wireline costsCosts to obtain wireline contracts are amortized as expense over the estimated customer

relationship period for our Consumer Markets customers. Incremental costs to obtain wireline contracts for our Enterprise Solutions, Partner SolutionsBusiness customers are insignificant. Costs to obtain contracts are recorded in Selling, general and Business Markets are insignificant.administrative expense.

We also defer costs incurred to fulfill contracts that: (1) relate directly to the contract; (2) are expected to generate resources that will be used to satisfy our performance obligation under the contract; and (3) are expected to be recovered through revenue generated under the contract. Contract fulfillment costs are expensed to Cost of services as we satisfy our performance obligations.obligations and recorded in Cost of services. These costs principally relate to direct costs that enhance our Wirelinewireline business resources, such as costs incurred to install circuits.

We determine the amortization periods for our costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a customer contract at a portfolio level due to the similarities within these customer contract portfolios.

Other costs, such as general costs or costs related to past performance obligations, are expensed as incurred.


Collectively, costs to obtain a contract and costs to fulfill a contract are referred to as Deferreddeferred contract costs, which were as follows:
  At March 31,
 At December 31,
(dollars in millions)Amortization Period2019
 2018
Wireless2 to 3 years$3,084
 $2,989
Wireline2 to 5 years868
 850
Corporate2 to 3 years69
 56
Total $4,021
 $3,895

and amortized over a two- to five-year period. Deferred contract costs are classified as current or non-current within Prepaid expenses and other and Other assets, respectively.

The balances of Deferreddeferred contract costs included in our condensed consolidated balance sheet were as follows:


At March 31,
 At December 31,
At September 30,
 At December 31,
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
2019
 2018
Assets      
Prepaid expenses and other$2,230
 $2,083
$2,455
 $2,083
Other assets1,791
 1,812
1,793
 1,812
Total$4,021
 $3,895
$4,248
 $3,895


For the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, and 2018, we recognized expense of $615$687 million and $405 million,$1.9 billion, respectively, associated with the amortization of Deferreddeferred contract costs, primarily within Selling, general and administrative expense in our condensed consolidated statements of income. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized expense of $523 million and $1.4 billion, respectively, associated with the amortization of deferred contract costs, primarily within Selling, general and administrative expense in our condensed consolidated statements of income.

We assess our Deferreddeferred contract costs for impairment on a quarterly basis. We recognize an impairment charge to the extent the carrying amount of a deferred cost exceeds the remaining amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for the goods and services related to the cost, less the expected costs related directly to providing those goods and services that have not yet been recognized as expenses. There have been no0 impairment charges recognized for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019 or March 31,September 30, 2018.

Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures
Spectrum License Transactions
In 2019, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) completed 2 millimeter wave spectrum license auctions. Verizon participated in these auctions and was the high bidder on 9 and 1,066 licenses, respectively, in the 24 Gigahertz (GHz) and 28 GHz bands. We submitted an application to the FCC and paid cash of approximately $521 million for the licenses. The deposits related to these spectrum licenses are classified within Other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2019.

During both the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, we entered into and completed various other wireless license transactions for an insignificant amount of cash consideration.

Other
DuringIn July 2019, Verizon completed a sale-leaseback transaction for buildings and real estate. See Note 5 for additional information related to the transaction. In connection with this transaction and other insignificant transactions, we recorded a pre-tax net gain from dispositions of assets and businesses of $261 million in Selling, general and administrative expense in our condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019.

During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we completed various other acquisitionstransactions for an insignificant amountamounts of cash consideration.


Note 4. Wireless Licenses, Goodwill, and Other Intangible Assets
Wireless Licenses
The carrying amountamounts of Wireless licenses are as follows:
At March 31,
At December 31,
At September 30,
At December 31,
(dollars in millions)2019
2018
2019
2018
Wireless licenses$94,237
$94,130
$94,433
$94,130


At March 31,September 30, 2019 and 2018, approximately $7.2$6.5 billion and $13.6$11.1 billion, respectively, of wireless licenses were under development for commercial service for which we were capitalizing interest costs. We recorded approximately $88$248 million and $124$406 million of capitalized interest on wireless licenses for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The average remaining renewal period forof our wireless licenses portfolio was 4.44.1 years as of March 31,September 30, 2019.


Goodwill
The Company transitioned into our new reporting structure as of April 1, 2019. The table below shows the reallocation of goodwill from our historical reporting structure to our current reporting structure.

Changes in the carrying amount of Goodwill are as follows:
(dollars in millions)Wireless
 Wireline
 Other
 Total
Consumer
 Business
 Wireless
 Wireline
 
Other (1)

 Total
Balance at January 1, 2019 (1)
$18,397
 $3,871
 $2,346
 $24,614
$
 $
 $18,397
 $3,871
 $2,346
 $24,614
Acquisitions (Note 3)
 20
 
 20
Acquisitions
 
 
 20
 
 20
Reclassifications, adjustments and other
 1
 
 1

 
 
 1
 
 1
Balance at March 31, 2019 (1)
$18,397
 $3,892
 $2,346
 $24,635

 
 18,397
 3,892
 2,346
 24,635
Reporting Unit reallocation (2)
17,104
 7,269
 (18,397) (3,892) (2,084) 
Balance at April 1, 201917,104
 7,269
 
 
 262
 24,635
Acquisitions

2
 
 
 
 2
Reclassifications, adjustments and other
 (7) 
 
 (60) (67)
Balance at September 30, 2019$17,104
 $7,264
 $
 $
 $202
 $24,570


(1) Goodwill is net of accumulated impairment charge of $4.6 billion, related to our Media reporting unit, (included within Other in the table above), which was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2018.
(2) Represents the reallocation of goodwill as a result of the Company reorganizing its segments as described in Note 1.

Other Intangible Assets
The following table displays the composition of Other intangible assets, net:
At March 31, 2019  At December 31, 2018 At September 30, 2019  At December 31, 2018 
(dollars in millions)
Gross
Amount

 
Accumulated
Amortization

 
Net
Amount

 
Gross
Amount

 
Accumulated
Amortization

 
Net
Amount

Gross
Amount

 
Accumulated
Amortization

 
Net
Amount

 
Gross
Amount

 
Accumulated
Amortization

 
Net
Amount

Customer lists (8 to 13 years)$3,953
 $(1,213) $2,740
 $3,951
 $(1,121) $2,830
$3,895
 $(1,393) $2,502
 $3,951
 $(1,121) $2,830
Non-network internal-use software (3 to 7 years)18,958
 (13,192) 5,766
 18,603
 (12,785) 5,818
19,721
 (13,990) 5,731
 18,603
 (12,785) 5,818
Other (2 to 25 years)1,999
 (897) 1,102
 1,988
 (861) 1,127
1,968
 (937) 1,031
 1,988
 (861) 1,127
Total$24,910
 $(15,302) $9,608
 $24,542
 $(14,767) $9,775
$25,584
 $(16,320) $9,264
 $24,542
 $(14,767) $9,775


The amortization expense for Other intangible assets was as follows: 
Three Months Ended
Three Months Ended
 Nine Months Ended
(dollars in millions)March 31,
September 30,
 September 30,
2019$555
$580
 $1,704
2018534
557
 1,648



The estimated future amortization expense for Other intangible assets for the remainder of the current year and next 5 years is as follows:
Years(dollars in millions)
(dollars in millions)
Remainder of 2019$1,603
$571
20201,837
2,046
20211,544
1,751
20221,276
1,471
20231,004
1,163
2024749
821


Note 5. Leasing Arrangements
We enter into various lease arrangements for network equipment including towers, distributed antenna systems, small cells, real estate and connectivity mediums including dark fiber, equipment, leases, and other various types of assets for use in our operations. Our leases have remaining lease terms ranging from 1 year to 2428 years, some of which include options that we can elect to extend the leases term for up to 25 years, and some of which include options to terminate the leases. For the majority of leases entered into during the current period, we have concluded it is not reasonably certain that we would exercise the options to extend the lease or terminate the lease. Therefore, as of the lease commencement date, our lease terms generally do not include these options. We include options to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option.

During March 2015, we completed a transaction with American Tower Corporation (American Tower) pursuant to which American Tower acquired the exclusive rights to lease and operate approximately 11,300 of our wireless towers for an upfront payment of $5.0 billion. We have subleased capacity on the towers from American Tower for a minimum of 10 years at current market rates in 2015, with options to renew. We continue to include the towers in Property, plant and equipment, net in our condensed consolidated balance sheets and depreciate them accordingly. In addition to the rights to lease and operate the towers, American Tower assumed the interest in the underlying ground leases related to these towers. While American Tower can renegotiate the terms of and is responsible for paying the ground leases, we are still the primary obligor for these leases and accordingly, the present value of these ground leases are included in our operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities. We do not expect to be required to make ground lease payments unless American Tower defaults, which we determined to be remote.
 

The components of net lease cost were as follows:
 Three Months Ended
 Three Months Ended
 Nine Months Ended
 March 31,
 September 30,
 September 30,
(dollars in millions)Classification2019
Classification2019
 2019
Operating lease cost (1)
Cost of services
Selling, general and administrative expense
$1,170
Cost of services
Selling, general and administrative expense
$1,202
 $3,550
Finance lease cost:      
Amortization of right-of-use assetsDepreciation and amortization expense86
Depreciation and amortization expense76
 244
Interest on lease liabilitiesInterest expense9
Interest expense9
 28
Short-term lease cost (1)
Cost of services
Selling, general and administrative expense
16
Cost of services
Selling, general and administrative expense
8
 32
Variable lease cost (1)
Cost of services
Selling, general and administrative expense
57
Cost of services
Selling, general and administrative expense
55
 163
Sublease incomeService revenues and other(67)Service revenues and other(68) (202)
Total net lease cost $1,271
 $1,282
 $3,815
    
Gain on sale and leaseback transaction, netSelling, general and administrative expense$(391) $(391)
(1) All operating lease costs, including short-term and variable lease costs, are split between Cost of services and Selling, general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statements of income based on the use of the facility that the rent is being paid on. See Note 1 for additional information. Variable lease costs represent payments that are dependent on a rate or index, or on usage of the asset.
 

Supplemental disclosure for the statement of cash flows related to operating and finance leases were as follows:
Three Months Ended
Nine Months Ended
March 31,
September 30,
(dollars in millions)2019
2019
Cash Flows from Operating Activities  
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities  
Operating cash flows for operating leases$(1,058)$(3,192)
Operating cash flows for finance leases(9)(28)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities  
Financing cash flows for finance leases(86)(267)
Supplemental lease cash flow disclosures  
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities668
2,097
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities115
356


Supplemental disclosuredisclosures for the balance sheet related to finance leases were as follows:
At March 31,
At September 30,
(dollars in millions)2019
2019
Assets  
Property, plant and equipment, net$742
$858
  
Liabilities  
Debt maturing within one year$323
$327
Long-term debt611
667
Total Finance lease liabilities$934
$994


The weighted-average remaining lease term and the weighted-average discount rate of our leases were as follows:
 At March 31,September 30,
 2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) 
Operating Leases9
Finance Leases4
Weighted-average discount rate 
Operating Leases4.24.1%
Finance Leases3.63.9%



The Company's maturity analysis of operating and finance lease liabilities as of March 31,September 30, 2019 were as follows:
(dollars in millions)Operating Leases
 Finance Leases
Operating Leases
 Finance Leases
Remainder of 2019$3,051
 $279
$1,009
 $93
20203,805
 270
3,896
 329
20213,462
 173
3,558
 232
20223,045
 122
3,162
 172
20232,689
 75
2,807
 118
Thereafter10,792
 105
11,344
 146
Total lease payments26,844
 1,024
25,776
 1,090
Less interest(4,876) (90)(4,603) (96)
Present value of lease liabilities21,968
 934
21,173
 994
Less current obligation(2,997) (323)(2,959) (327)
Long-term obligation at March 31, 2019$18,971
 $611
Long-term obligation at September 30, 2019$18,214
 $667


As of March 31,September 30, 2019, we have contractually obligated lease payments amounting to $477 million$1.4 billion for an office facility operating leaseleases and small cell colocation and fiber operating leases that hashave not yet commenced. We have legally obligated lease payments for various other operating leases that have not yet commenced for which the total obligation was not significant. We have certain rights and obligations for these leases, but have not recognized an operating lease right-of-use asset or an operating lease liability since they have not yet commenced.

Real Estate Transaction
On July 23, 2019, Verizon completed a sale-leaseback transaction for buildings and real estate. We received total gross proceeds of approximately $1.0 billion. We leased back a portion of the buildings and real estate sold and accounted for it as an operating lease. The term of the leaseback is for two years with 4 options to renew for an additional three months each. The proceeds received as a result of this transaction have been classified in Other, net within Cash Flows from Investing Activities in our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The net gain as a result of this transaction is included in the components of net lease cost table above.

Note 6. Debt

Significant Debt Transactions
Exchange Offers
The following table shows the transactions that occurred induring the first quarter ofnine months ended September 30, 2019.

February Exchange Offers
(dollars in millions)Principal Amount Exchanged
 Principal Amount Issued
Verizon 1.750% - 5.150% notes and floating rate notes, due 2021 - 2025$3,892
 $
GTE LLC 8.750% debentures, due 202121
 
Verizon 4.016% notes due 2029 (1)

 4,000
Total$3,913
 $4,000
(1) Total exchange amount issued in consideration does not include an insignificant amount of cash used to settle.

May Tender Offers
(dollars in millions)Principal Amount Purchased
 
Cash Consideration(1)

Verizon 5.012% notes due 2054$3,192
 $3,626
Verizon 4.672% notes due 20551,308
 1,404
Total$4,500
 $5,030
(1) In addition to the purchase price, any accrued and unpaid interest on the purchased notes was paid to the date of purchase.

Debt Redemptions, Repurchases and Repayments
The following table shows the transactions that occurred in the first quarter of 2019.
(dollars in millions)Principal Redeemed / Repaid
Amount Paid as % of Principal (1)

Principal Redeemed / Repaid
 
Amount Paid as % of Principal (1)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019   
Verizon 5.900% notes due 2054$500
100.000%$500
 100.000%
Verizon 1.375% notes due 2019206
100.000%206
 100.000%
Verizon 1.750% notes due 2021621
100.000%621
 100.000%
Verizon 3.000% notes due 2021930
101.061%930
 101.061%
Verizon 3.500% notes due 2021315
102.180%315
 102.180%
Open market repurchases of various Verizon notes163
Various
163
 Various
Total$2,735
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 total2,735
  
   
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019   
Verizon 2.625% notes due 2020831
 100.037%
Verizon 3.500% notes due 2021736
 102.238%
Verizon floating rate (LIBOR + 0.770%) notes due 2019229
 100.000%
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 total1,796
  
   
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019   
Verizon 4.200% notes due 20462,059
 100.000%
Verizon floating rate (LIBOR + 0.370%) notes due 2019306
 100.000%
Verizon 2.600% - 4.300% Internotes due 2022 - 2029177
 100.000%
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 total2,542
  
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 total$7,073
  
(1) Percentages represent price paid to redeem, repurchase and repay.

In April 2019, we notified investors of our intention to redeem in May 2019 in whole $831 million aggregate principal amount of 2.625% Notes due 2020 and $736 million aggregate principal amount of 3.500% Notes due 2021.


Debt Issuances
The following table shows the transactions that occurred in the first quarter of 2019.
(dollars in millions)Principal Amount Issued
Net Proceeds (1)

(amounts in millions)Principal Amount Issued
 
Net Proceeds (1)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019   
Verizon 3.875% notes due 2029 (2)
$1,000
$994
$1,000
 $994
Verizon 5.000% notes due 2051510
506
510
 506
Total$1,510
$1,500
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 total$1,510
 1,500
   
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019   
Verizon 0.875% notes due 20271,250
 1,391
Verizon 1.250% notes due 20301,250
 1,385
Verizon 2.500% notes due 2031£500
 647
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 total

 3,423
   
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019   
Verizon 0.875% notes due 2032800
 882
Verizon 1.500% notes due 2039500
 545
Verizon 1.875% Notes due 2030£550
 672
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 total  2,099
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 total  $7,022
(1) Net proceeds were net of discount and issuance costs.
(2) An amount equal to the net proceeds from this green bond will be used to fund, in whole or in part, "Eligible Green Investments." "Eligible Green Investments" include new and existing investments made by us during the period from two years prior to the issuance of the green bond through the maturity date of the green bond, in the following categories: (1) renewable energy; (2) energy efficiency; (3) green buildings; (4) sustainable water management; and (5) biodiversity and conservation. "Eligible Green Investments" include operating expenditures as well as capital investments.

In April 2019, we issued €2.5 billion of notes with interest rates of 0.875% and 1.250% per year due on 2027 and 2030 respectively, and £500 million of notes with an interest rate of 2.500% per year due on 2031.

Short Term Borrowing and Commercial Paper Program
In July 2018, we entered into a short term uncommitted credit facility with the ability to borrow up to $700 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we drew $600 million from the facility.

As ofMarch 31, September 30, 2019, we had no0 commercial paper outstanding.

Asset-Backed Debt
As of March 31,September 30, 2019, the carrying value of our asset-backed debt was $10.4$8.8 billion. Our asset-backed debt includes Asset-Backed Notes (ABS Notes) issued to third-party investors (Investors) and loans (ABS Financing Facilities) received from banks and their conduit facilities (collectively, the Banks). Our consolidated asset-backed debt bankruptcy remote legal entities (each, an ABS Entity or collectively, the ABS Entities) issue the debt or are otherwise party to the transaction documentation in connection with our asset-backed debt transactions. Under the terms of our asset-backed debt, Cellco Partnership (Cellco) and certain other affiliates of Verizon (collectively, the Originators) transfer device payment plan agreement receivables to one of the ABS Entities, which in turn transfers such receivables to another ABS Entity that issues the debt. Verizon entities retain the equity interests in the ABS Entities, which represent the rights to all funds not needed to make required payments on the asset-backed debt and other related payments and expenses.

Our asset-backed debt is secured by the transferred device payment plan agreement receivables and future collections on such receivables. The device payment plan agreement receivables transferred to the ABS Entities and related assets, consisting primarily of restricted cash, will only be available for payment of asset-backed debt and expenses related thereto, payments to the Originators in respect of additional transfers of device payment plan agreement receivables, and other obligations arising from our asset-backed debt transactions, and will not be available to pay other obligations or claims of Verizon’s creditors until the associated asset-backed debt and other obligations are satisfied. The Investors or Banks, as applicable, which hold our asset-backed debt have legal recourse to the assets securing the debt, but do not have any recourse to Verizon with respect to the payment of principal and interest on the debt. Under a parent support agreement, Verizon has agreed to guarantee certain of the payment obligations of Cellco and the Originators to the ABS Entities.

Cash collections on the device payment plan agreement receivables collateralizing our asset-backed debt securities are required at certain specified times to be placed into segregated accounts. Deposits to the segregated accounts are considered restricted cash and are included in Prepaid expenses and other and Other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Proceeds from our asset-backed debt transactions are reflected in Cash flows from financing activities in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. The asset-backed debt issued and the assets securing this debt are included in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.


ABS Notes
During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, we completed the following ABS Notes transactions:
(dollars in millions)Interest Rates %
 Expected Weighted-average Life to MaturityPrincipal Amount Issued
Interest Rates % Expected Weighted-average Life to Maturity (in years)Principal Amount Issued
March 2019  
A-1a Senior class notes2.930
 2.50$900
2.930 2.50$900
A-1b Senior floating rate class notes LIBOR + 0.330
(1) 
2.50100
 LIBOR + 0.330
(1) 
2.50100
B Junior class notes3.020
 3.2269
3.020 3.2269
C Junior class notes3.220
 3.4053
3.220 3.4053
Total ABS notes  $1,122
March 2019 total 1,122
  
June 2019  
A-1a Senior class notes2.330 2.52855
A-1b Senior floating rate class notes LIBOR + 0.450
(1) 
2.52145
B Junior class notes2.400 3.2869
C Junior class notes2.600 3.4753
June 2019 total 1,122
Total $2,244
(1) The one-month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) rate at March 31,September 30, 2019 was 2.495%2.016%.

Under the terms of each series of ABS Notes, there is a two year revolving period during which we may transfer additional receivables to the ABS Entity. TheIn April 2019, the two year revolving period of the ABS Notes we issued in July 2016 and November 2016March 2017 ended in July 2018 and November 2018 respectively, and we began to repay principal on the 2016-12017-1 Class A senior ABS Notes. In July 2019, the two year revolving period of the ABS Notes issued in June 2017 ended and we began to repay principal on the 2016-22017-2 Class A senior ABS Notes in August 2018 and December 2018, respectively.Notes. During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, we made aggregate principal repayments of $559 million.$956 million and $2.3 billion, respectively, for all ABS Notes. In October 2019, we issued approximately $1.6 billion aggregate principal amount of senior and junior Asset-Backed Notes through an ABS Entity.

ABS Financing Facilities
In May 2018, we entered into a device payment plan agreementan ABS financing facility with a number of financial institutions (2018 ABS Financing Facility). One loan agreement was entered into in connection with the 2018 ABS financing facility. In May 2019, the remaining $540 million outstanding under the loan agreement was prepaid, and the loan agreement was terminated.

In September 2016, we entered into an ABS Financing Facility with a number of financial institutions, which was amended and restated in May 2019 (2019 ABS Financing Facility). Under the terms of the 20182019 ABS Financing Facility, the financial institutions made advances under asset-backed loans backed by device payment plan agreement receivables of both consumer and business customers for proceeds of $540 million. The loan agreement entered into in connection with the 2018 ABS Financing Facility has a final maturity date in December 2021 and bears interest at a floating rate. There is a one year revolving period beginning from May 2018 during which we may transfer additional receivables to the ABS Entity. Subject to certain conditions, we may also remove receivables from the ABS Entity. Under the loan agreement, we have the right to prepay all or a portion of the advances at any time without penalty, but in certain cases, with breakage costs. If we choose to prepay, the amount prepaid shall be available for further drawdowns until May 2019, except in certain circumstances. As of March 31, 2019, the 2018 ABS Financing Facility is fully drawn and the outstanding borrowing under the 2018 ABS Financing Facility was $540 million.

We entered into an ABS Financing Facility in September 2016 with a number of financing institutions (2016 ABS Financing Facility). Under the terms of the 2016 ABS Financing Facility, the financial institutions made advances under asset-backed loans backed by device payment plan agreement receivables of consumer customers. TwoNaN loan agreements were entered into in connection with the 20162019 ABS Financing Facility in September 2016 and May 2017.2017 and a third was entered into in May 2019. The 2016 and 2017 loan agreements havehad a final maturity date in March 2021 and bearbore interest at a floating rates.rate. The two year revolving period of the two2 loan agreements ended in September 2018. The 2019 loan agreement has a final maturity date in May 2023 and bears interest at floating rates. There is a one year revolving period until May 2020, which may be extended with the approval of the financial institutions. Under all of the loan agreements, we have the right to prepay all or a portion of the advances at any time without penalty, but in certain cases, with breakage costs. Subject to certain conditions, we may also remove receivables from the ABS Entity. During the three months ended March 31,In April and May of 2019, we madepaid off both the 2016 and 2017 loans for an aggregate of $253$671 million primarily with proceeds from the 2019 loan agreement. In August 2019, we prepaid $1.5 billion of the loan made in repayments. The aggregate outstanding borrowingsMay 2019 under the two loans were $671 million as2019 ABS Financing Facility. As of March 31, 2019.September 30, 2019, there was an outstanding balance under the 2019 ABS Financing Facility of $250 million.

Variable Interest Entities (VIEs)
The ABS Entities meet the definition of a VIE for which we have determined that we are the primary beneficiary as we have both the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the entity’s performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the entity. Therefore, the assets, liabilities and activities of the ABS Entities are consolidated in our financial results and are included in amounts presented on the face of our condensed consolidated balance sheets.


The assets and liabilities related to our asset-backed debt arrangements included in our condensed consolidated balance sheets were as follows:
At March 31,
 At December 31,
At September 30,
 At December 31,
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
2019
 2018
Assets      
Account receivable, net$9,535
 $8,861
$9,912
 $8,861
Prepaid expenses and other1,045
 989
1,016
 989
Other assets3,263
 2,725
3,130
 2,725
      
Liabilities      
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities10
 7
8
 7
Short-term portion of long-term debt5,494
 5,352
4,160
 5,352
Long-term debt4,892
 4,724
4,640
 4,724


See Note 7 for additional information on device payment plan agreement receivables used to secure asset-backed debt.


Credit Facilities
As of March 31,September 30, 2019, the unused borrowing capacity under our $9.5 billion credit facility was approximately $9.4 billion. The credit facility does not require us to comply with financial covenants or maintain specified credit ratings, and it permits us to borrow even if our business has incurred a material adverse change. We use the credit facility for the issuance of letters of credit and for general corporate purposes.

In March 2016, we entered into a $1.0 billion credit facility insured by Eksportkreditnamnden, Stockholm, Sweden, the Swedishan export credit agency.agency, with a maturity date of December 2024. As of March 31,September 30, 2019, the outstanding balance was $706$647 million. We used this credit facility to finance network equipment-related purchases.

In July 2017, we entered into credit facilities insured by various export credit agencies providing us with the ability to borrow up to $4.0 billion to finance equipment-related purchases.purchases with maturity dates ranging from July 2022 to May 2027. The facilities have multiple borrowings available, portions of which extend through October 2019, contingent upon the amount of eligible equipment-related purchases that we make. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, we drew $424down $874 million from these facilities. As of March 31, 2019,facilities, and we had an outstanding balance of $3.1 billion.$3.4 billion as of September 30, 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we drew down $3.0 billion from these facilities.

Non-Cash Transaction
During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019 and 2018, we financed, primarily through vendor financing arrangements, the purchase of approximately $115$356 million and $345$967 million, respectively, of long-lived assets consisting primarily of network equipment. At both March 31,September 30, 2019 and 2018, $1.0 billion and $1.3$1.1 billion, respectively, relating to these financing arrangements, including those entered into in prior years and liabilities assumed through acquisitions, remained outstanding. These purchases are non-cash financing activities and therefore are not reflected within Capital expenditures in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Early Debt Redemptions
During the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, and 2018,we recorded insignificant losses on early debt redemptions. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded losses on early debt redemptions of an insignificant amount and $249 million, respectively,$1.6 billion primarily related to the May tender offers, which were recorded in Other income (expense), net in our condensed consolidated statements of income.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded losses on early debt redemptions of $420 million and $690 million, respectively, primarily related to the 2018 September tender offers for 8 series of notes issued by Verizon with coupon rates ranging from 3.850% to 5.012% with maturity dates ranging from 2039 to 2055. In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded losses on early debt redemptions primarily related to the 2018 March tender offers for 13 series of notes issued by Verizon with coupon rates ranging from 1.750% to 5.012% with maturity dates ranging from 2021 to 2055. We recorded losses on early debt redemptions in Other income (expense), net in our condensed consolidated statements of income.

Guarantees
We guarantee the debentures of our operating telephone company subsidiaries. As of March 31,September 30, 2019, $796 million aggregate principal amount of these obligations remained outstanding. Each guarantee will remain in place for the life of the obligation unless terminated pursuant to its terms, including the operating telephone company no longer being a wholly-owned subsidiary of Verizon.

We also guarantee the debt obligations of GTE LLC as successor in interest to GTE Corporation that were issued and outstanding prior to July 1, 2003. As of March 31,September 30, 2019, $423 million aggregate principal amount of these obligations remained outstanding.


Note 7. Wireless Device Payment Plans
Under the Verizon device payment program, our eligible wireless customers purchase wireless devices under a device payment plan agreement. Customers that activate service on devices purchased under the device payment program pay lower service fees as compared to those under our fixed-term service plans, and their device payment plan charge is included on their wireless monthly bill. As of January 2017, we no longer offer consumersConsumer customers new fixed-term, subsidized service plans for phones; however, we continue to offer subsidized plans to our business customers, and weBusiness customers. We also continue to service existing fixed-term subsidized plans for consumerscustomers who have not yet purchased and activated devices under the Verizon device payment program.

Wireless Device Payment Plan Agreement Receivables
The following table displays device payment plan agreement receivables, net, recognized in our condensed consolidated balance sheets:
At March 31,
 At December 31,
At September 30,
 At December 31,
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
2019
 2018
Device payment plan agreement receivables, gross$18,865
 $19,313
$18,261
 $19,313
Unamortized imputed interest(493) (546)(434) (546)
Device payment plan agreement receivables, net of unamortized imputed interest18,372
 18,767
17,827
 18,767
Allowance for credit losses(526) (597)(460) (597)
Device payment plan agreement receivables, net$17,846
 $18,170
$17,367
 $18,170
      
Classified in our condensed consolidated balance sheets:      
Accounts receivable, net$12,607
 $12,624
$12,504
 $12,624
Other assets5,239
 5,546
4,863
 5,546
Device payment plan agreement receivables, net$17,846
 $18,170
$17,367
 $18,170


Included in our device payment plan agreement receivables, net at March 31,September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, are net device payment plan agreement receivables of $12.7$13.0 billion and $11.5 billion, respectively, thatwhich have been transferred to ABS Entities and continue to be reported in our condensed

consolidated balance sheets. See Note 6 for additional information. We believe the carrying value of our installment loans receivables approximate their fair value using a Level 3 expected cash flow model.

We may offer certain promotions that allow a customer to trade in their owned device in connection with the purchase of a new device. Under these types of promotions, the customer receives a credit for the value of the trade-in device. In addition, we may provide the customer with additional future credits that will be applied against the customer’s monthly bill as long as service is maintained. We recognize a liability for the customer's right to trade-in the device measured at fair value, which is determined by considering several factors, including the weighted-average selling prices obtained in recent resales of similar devices eligible for trade-in. Future credits are recognized when earned by the customer. Device payment plan agreement receivables, net does not reflect the trade-in device liability. At March 31,September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the amount of trade-in liability was insignificant$73 million and $64 million, respectively.

From time to time, we offer certain marketing promotions that allow our customers to upgrade to a new device after paying down a certain specified portion of the required device payment plan agreement amount, as well as trading in their device in good working order. When a customer enters into a device payment plan agreement with the right to upgrade to a new device, we account for this trade-in right as a guarantee obligation.

For Wireless indirect channel wireless contracts with customers, we impute risk adjusted interest on the device payment plan agreement receivables. We record the imputed interest as a reduction to the related accounts receivable. Interest income, which is included within Service revenues and other in our condensed consolidated statements of income, is recognized over the financed device payment term. See Note 2 for additional information on financing considerations with respect to Wireless direct channel contracts with customers.

When originating device payment plan agreements, we use internal and external data sources to create a credit risk score to measure the credit quality of a customer and to determine eligibility for the device payment program. If a customer is either new to Verizon Wireless or has 45 days or less than 210 days of customer tenure with Verizon Wireless, (a new customer), the credit decision process relies more heavily on external data sources. If the customer has 210more than 45 days or more of customer tenure with Verizon Wireless (an existing customer), the credit decision process relies on a combination of internal and external data sources. Verizon Wireless’ experience has been that the payment attributes of longer tenured customers are highly predictive for estimating their reliability to make future payments. External data sources include obtaining a credit report from a national consumer credit reporting agency, if available. Verizon Wireless uses its internal data and/or credit data obtained from the credit reporting agencies to create a custom credit risk score. The custom credit risk score is generated automatically (except with respect to a small number of applications where the information needs manual intervention) from the applicant’s credit data using Verizon Wireless’ proprietary custom credit models, which are empirically derived, demonstrably and statistically sound. The credit risk score measures the likelihood that the potential customer will become severely delinquent and be disconnected for non-payment. For a small portion of new customer applications, a traditional credit report is not available from one of the national credit reporting agencies because the potential customer does not have sufficient credit history. In those instances, alternatealternative credit data is used for the risk assessment.

Based on the custom credit risk score, we assign each customer to a credit class, each of which has specified offers of credit including an account level spending limit and either a maximum amount of credit allowed per device or a required down payment percentage. During the fourth

quarter of 2018, Verizon Wireless moved all Consumer customers, new and existing, from a required down payment percentage, between zero0 and 100%, to a maximum amount of credit per device.

Subsequent to origination, Verizon Wireless monitors delinquency and write-off experience as key credit quality indicators for its portfolio of device payment plan agreements and fixed-term service plans. The extent of our collection efforts with respect to a particular customer are based on the results of proprietary custom empirically derived internal behavioral scoring models that analyze the customer’s past performance to predict the likelihood of the customer falling further delinquent. These customer scoring models assess a number of variables, including origination characteristics, customer account history and payment patterns. Based on the score derived from these models, accounts are grouped by risk category to determine the collection strategy to be applied to such accounts. We continuously monitor collection performance results and the credit quality of our device payment plan agreement receivables based on a variety of metrics, including aging. Verizon Wireless considers an account to be delinquent and in default status if there are unpaid charges remaining on the account on the day after the bill’s due date.

The balance and aging of the device payment plan agreement receivables on a gross basis were as follows:
At March 31,
 At December 31,
At September 30,
 At December 31,
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
2019
 2018
Unbilled$17,586
 $18,043
$16,972
 $18,043
Billed:      
Current990
 986
1,021
 986
Past due289
 284
268
 284
Device payment plan agreement receivables, gross$18,865
 $19,313
$18,261
 $19,313



Activity in the allowance for credit losses for the device payment plan agreement receivables was as follows:
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
2019
 2018
Balance at January 1,$597
 $848
$597
 $848
Bad debt expense155
 104
640
 333
Write-offs(226) (149)(777) (519)
Balance at March 31,$526
 $803
Balance at September 30,$460
 $662


Note 8. Fair Value Measurements
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31,September 30, 2019:
(dollars in millions)
Level 1(1)

 
Level 2(2)

 
Level 3(3)

 Total
Level 1(1)

 
Level 2(2)

 
Level 3(3)

 Total
Assets:              
Other assets:              
Fixed income securities$
 $430
 $
 $430
$
 $444
 $
 $444
Interest rate swaps
 100
 
 100

 849
 
 849
Cross currency swaps
 215
 
 215

 79
 
 79
Interest rate caps
 6
 
 6
Total$
 $751
 $
 $751
$
 $1,372
 $
 $1,372
              
Liabilities:              
Other liabilities:              
Interest rate swaps$
 $361
 $
 $361
$
 $212
 $
 $212
Cross currency swaps
 519
 
 519

 1,381
 
 1,381
Forward starting interest rate swaps
 242
 
 242

 886
 
 886
Interest rate caps
 2
 
 2
Foreign exchange forwards
 10
 
 10

 10
 
 10
Total$
 $1,134
 $
 $1,134
$
 $2,489
 $
 $2,489


The following table presents the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018:
(dollars in millions)
Level 1(1)

 
Level 2(2)

 
Level 3(3)

 Total
Assets:       
Other assets:       
Fixed income securities$
 $405
 $
 $405
Interest rate swaps
 3
 
 3
Cross currency swaps
 220
 
 220
Interest rate caps
 14
 
 14
Total$
 $642
 $
 $642
        
Liabilities:       
Other liabilities:       
Interest rate swaps$
 $813
 $
 $813
Cross currency swaps
 536
 
 536
Forward starting interest rate swaps
 60
 
 60
Interest rate caps
 4
 
 4
Total$
 $1,413
 $
 $1,413
 
(1) 
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
(2) 
Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities
(3) 
Unobservable pricing inputs in the market

Equity securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of investments in common stock of domestic and international corporations measured using quoted prices in active markets. Certain of our equity investments do not have readily determinable fair values and are excluded from the tables above. Such investments are measured at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer and are included in Investments in unconsolidated businesses in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31,September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the carrying amount of our investments without readily determinable fair values were $278$293 million and $248 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, there

was an were insignificant adjustmentadjustments due to observable price changes and we did not recognize anthere were 0 impairment charge.charges. Cumulative adjustments due to observable price changes and impairment charges were $57$50 million and insignificant, respectively.

Fixed income securities consist primarily of investments in municipal bonds. For fixed income securities that do not have quoted prices in active markets, we use alternative matrix pricing resulting in these debt securities being classified as Level 2.

Derivative contracts are valued using models based on readily observable market parameters for all substantial terms of our derivative contracts and thus are classified within Level 2. We use mid-market pricing for fair value measurements of our derivative instruments. Our derivative instruments are recorded on a gross basis.

We recognize transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy as of the end of the reporting period. There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019 and 2018.

Fair Value of Short-term and Long-term Debt
The fair value of our debt is determined using various methods, including quoted prices for identical terms and maturities, which is a Level 1 measurement, as well as quoted prices for similar terms and maturities in inactive markets and future cash flows discounted at current rates, which are Level 2 measurements. The fair value of our short-term and long-term debt, excluding finance leases, was as follows:
At March 31,  At December 31, At September 30,  At December 31, 
2019  2018 2019  2018 
(dollars in millions)
Carrying
Amount

 Fair Value
 
Carrying
Amount

 
Fair
Value 

Carrying
Amount

 Fair Value
 
Carrying
Amount

 
Fair
Value 

Short- and long-term debt, excluding finance leases$112,725
 $125,307
 $112,159
 $118,535
$108,604
 $128,380
 $112,159
 $118,535



Derivative Instruments
The following table sets forth the notional amounts of our outstanding derivative instruments:
At March 31,
 At December 31,
At September 30,
 At December 31,
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
2019
 2018
Interest rate swaps$19,076
 $19,813
$16,993
 $19,813
Cross currency swaps16,638
 16,638
22,212
 16,638
Forward starting interest rate swaps3,000
 4,000
3,000
 4,000
Interest rate caps1,624
 2,218
975
 2,218
Foreign exchange forwards1,000
 600
1,085
 600


Interest Rate Swaps
We enter into interest rate swaps to achieve a targeted mix of fixed and variable rate debt. We principally receive fixed rates and pay variable rates based on LIBOR, resulting in a net increase or decrease to Interest expense. These swaps are designated as fair value hedges and hedge against interest rate risk exposure of designated debt issuances. We record the interest rate swaps at fair value in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as assets and liabilities. Changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps are recorded to Interest expense, which are offset by changes in the fair value of the hedged debt due to changes in interest rates.

During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, we entered into interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $510 millionmillion. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we settled interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $1.2 billion.$2.1 billion and $3.3 billion, respectively.

The ineffective portions of these interest rate swaps for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 were insignificant and $88 million, respectively, and insignificant for the three months ended March 31, 2019 andsimilar periods in 2018.

The following amounts were recorded in Long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheets related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges:
At March 31,
 At December 31,
At September 30,
 At December 31,
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
2019
 2018
Carrying amount of hedged liabilities$18,752
 $18,903
$17,535
 $18,903
Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustment included in the carrying amount of the hedged liabilities(205) (785)645
 (785)


Cross Currency Swaps
We have entered into cross currency swaps designated as cash flow hedges to exchange our British Pound Sterling, Euro, Swiss Franc and Australian Dollar-denominated cash flows into U.S. dollars and to fix our cash payments in U.S. dollars, as well as to mitigate the impact of foreign currency transaction gains or losses.


During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, an insignificantwe entered into cross currency swaps with a total notional value of $2.1 billion and $5.6 billion, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, pre-tax gain waslosses of $658 million and $986 million, respectively, were recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss). During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, a pre-tax gaingains of $1.1 billion was$214 million and $220 million, respectively, were recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss). A portion of the gains recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) was reclassified to Other income (expense), net to offset the related pre-tax foreign currency transaction gain or loss on the underlying hedged item.

Forward Starting Interest Rate Swaps
We have entered into forward starting interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges in order to manage our exposure to interest rate changes on future forecasted transactions.

During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, we did not0t enter into any new forward starting interest rate swaps. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we did 0t settle any forward starting interest rate swaps and for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we settled forward starting interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $1.0 billion. During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, a pre-tax losslosses of $203$350 million wasand $847 million, respectively, were recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss).

We hedge our exposure to the variability in future cash flows based on the expected maturities of the related forecasted debt issuance.

Net Investment Hedges
We have designated certain foreign currency debt instruments as net investment hedges to mitigate foreign exchange exposure related to non-U.S. dollar net investments in certain foreign subsidiaries against changes in foreign exchange rates. The notional amount of the Euro-denominated debt as a net investment hedge was $761€750 million and $806 million at March 31,as of both September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.2018.


Undesignated Derivatives
We also have the following derivative contracts which we use as economic hedges but for which we have elected not to apply hedge accounting.

Interest Rate Caps
We enter into interest rate caps to mitigate our interest exposure to interest rate increases on our ABS Financing Facilities and ABS Notes. During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019 and 2018, we recognized an insignificant amount in Interest expense.

Foreign Exchange Forwards
We enter into British Pound Sterling and Euro foreign exchange forwards to mitigate our foreign exchange rate risk related to non-functional currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities of international subsidiaries. During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, we entered into foreign exchange forwards with a total notional value of $3.0$3.1 billion and $9.2 billion, respectively, and settled foreign exchange forwards with a total notional value of $2.6 billion.$3.0 billion and $8.6 billion, respectively. During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, we recognizedpre-tax losses of an insignificant amount and $53 million, respectively, were recognized in Other income (expense), net.

Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of temporary cash investments, short-term and long-term investments, trade receivables, including device payment plan agreement receivables, certain notes receivable, including lease receivables, and derivative contracts.

Counterparties to our derivative contracts are major financial institutions with whom we have negotiated derivatives agreements (ISDA master agreements) and credit support annex (CSA) agreements which provide rules for collateral exchange. Negotiations and executions of new ISDA master agreements and CSA agreements with our counterparties continued throughout 2018 and 2019. The newly executed CSA agreements contain rating based thresholds such that we or our counterparties may be required to hold or post collateral based upon changes in outstanding positions as compared to established thresholds and changes in credit ratings. At March 31,September 30, 2019, we postedheld an insignificant amount of collateral and approximately $83 million of collateral at December 31, 2018, we posted approximately $0.1 billion of collateral related to derivative contracts under collateral exchange arrangements, which were recorded as Other current liabilities and Prepaid expenses and other, respectively, in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. While we may be exposed to credit losses due to the nonperformance of our counterparties, we consider the risk remote and do not expect that any such nonperformance would result in a significant effect on our results of operations or financial condition due to our diversified pool of counterparties.

Note 9. Employee Benefits
We maintain non-contributory defined benefit pension plans for certain employees. In addition, we maintain postretirement health care and life insurance plans for certain retirees and their dependents, which are both contributory and non-contributory, and include a limit on our share of the cost for certain current and future retirees. In accordance with our accounting policy for pension and other postretirement benefits, operating expenses include service costs associated with pension and other postretirement benefits while other credits and/or charges based on actuarial assumptions, including projected discount rates, an estimated return on plan assets, and impact from health care trend rates are reported in Other income (expense), net. These estimates are updated in the fourth quarter to reflect actual return on plan assets and updated actuarial assumptions or upon a remeasurement event. The adjustment is recognized in the income statement during the fourth quarter or upon a remeasurement event pursuant to our accounting policy for the recognition of actuarial gains and losses.


Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Income)
The following table summarizes the components of net periodic benefit cost (income) related to our pension and postretirement health care and life insurance plans:
(dollars in millions) (dollars in millions) 
Pension Health Care and Life Pension Health Care and Life 
Three Months Ended March 31,2019
 2018
 2019
 2018
Three Months Ended September 30,2019
 2018
 2019
 2018
Service cost - Cost of services$50
 $58
 $20
 $26
$51
 $57
 $20
 $26
Service cost - Selling, general and administrative expense11
 14
 4
 6
11
 13
 4
 6
Service cost$61
 $72
 $24
 $32
$62
 $70
 $24
 $32
              
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)$15
 $10
 $(243) $(244)$15
 $13
 $(242) $(244)
Expected return on plan assets(282) (329) (9) (11)(282) (321) (9) (11)
Interest cost178
 166
 157
 153
173
 176
 157
 153
Remeasurement gain, net(96) 
 
 
Remeasurement loss (gain), net291
 (454) 
 
Other components$(185) $(153) $(95) $(102)$197
 $(586) $(94) $(102)
              
Total$(124) $(81) $(71) $(70)$259
 $(516) $(70) $(70)


 (dollars in millions) 
 Pension Health Care and Life 
Nine Months Ended September 30,2019
 2018
 2019
 2018
Service cost - Cost of services$151
 $174
 $59
 $78
Service cost - Selling, general and administrative expense34
 41
 13
 18
Service cost$185
 $215
 $72
 $96
        
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)$46
 $33
 $(728) $(732)
Expected return on plan assets(846) (979) (28) (33)
Interest cost527
 508
 472
 460
Remeasurement loss (gain), net195
 (454) 
 
Other components$(78) $(892) $(284) $(305)
        
Total$107
 $(677) $(212) $(209)


The service cost component of net periodic benefit cost (income) is recorded in Cost of services and Selling, general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statements of income while the other components, including mark-to-market adjustments, if any, are recorded in Other income (expense), net.

2018 Voluntary Separation Program
In September 2018, we announced a Voluntary Separation Program for select U.S.-based management employees. Approximately 10,400 eligible employees have separated or will separate from the Company under this program byas of the end of June 2019. The severance benefits payments to these employees are expected to be significantlywere substantially completed by the end of September 2019.

Severance Payments
During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, we paid severance benefits of $807 million.$435 million and $1.9 billion, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded net pre-tax severance charges of an insignificant amount. At March 31,September 30, 2019, we had a remaining severance liability of $1.3 billion,$355 million, a portion of which includes future contractual payments to employees separated as a result of the Voluntary Separation Program.employees.

Employer Contributions
During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, we made a discretionary contribution of $300 million to our qualified pension plans. As a result of the $300 million and $1.0 billion discretionary pension contributions during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, we do not expect mandatory pension funding through December 31, 2019. There was no0 contribution made to our nonqualified pension plans during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019. There have been no significant changes with respect to the nonqualified pension and other postretirement benefit plans contributions in 2019.

Remeasurement gain,loss (gain), net
During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, we recorded a net pre-tax remeasurement gainloss of $96$291 million and $195 million in our pension plans, respectively, triggered by the Voluntary Separation Program for select U.S.-based management employees and other headcount reduction initiatives,initiatives. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, the net pre-tax remeasurement loss was primarily driven by a $150$589 million charge due to changes in our discount rate and lump sum interest rate assumptions used to determine the current year liabilities of our pension plans, offset by a $298 million credit due to the difference between our estimated return on assets and our actual return on assets,assets. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the net pre-tax remeasurement loss of $195 million includes a pre-tax remeasurement loss of $291 million recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2019 offset by a $54$96 million chargegain recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded a net pre-tax remeasurement gain of $454 million triggered by the collective bargaining negotiations, primarily driven by a $1.1 billion credit due to a change in our discount rate assumption used to determine the current year liabilities of our pension plans.

plans, offset by a $599 million charge due to the difference between our estimated return on assets and our actual return on assets.

Note 10. Equity and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Equity
Changes in the components of Total equity were as follows:
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts, and shares in thousands)
Three months ended March 31,2019
   2018
   
Three months ended September 30,2019
   2018
   
Shares
 Amount
 Shares
 Amount
 Shares
 Amount
 Shares
 Amount
 
Common Stock                
Balance at beginning of period4,291,434
 $429
 4,242,374
 $424
 4,291,434
 $429
 4,291,434
 $429
 
Common shares issued
 
 49,048
 5
 
Balance at end of period4,291,434
 429
 4,291,422
 429
 4,291,434
 429
 4,291,434
 429
 
                
Additional Paid In Capital                
Balance at beginning of period  13,437
   11,101
   13,419
   13,438
 
Other  (19)   2,336
   (1)   (2) 
Balance at end of period  13,418
   13,437
   13,418
   13,436
 
                
Retained Earnings                
Balance at beginning of period  43,542
   35,635
   47,945
   41,657
 
Opening balance sheet adjustment  410
(1) 
  2,232
(2) 
Adjusted opening balance  43,952
   37,867
 
Net income attributable to Verizon  5,032
   4,545
   5,194
   4,924
 
Dividends declared ($0.6025, $0.5900 per share)  (2,491)   (2,438) 
Dividends declared ($0.6150, $0.6025 per share)  (2,544)   (2,490) 
Balance at end of period  46,493
   39,974
   50,595
   44,091
 
                
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income                
Balance at beginning of period attributable to Verizon  2,370
   2,659
   1,447
   3,205
 
Opening balance sheet adjustment  
   630
(2) 
Adjusted opening balance  2,370
   3,289
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments  24
   93
   (10)   10
 
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges  (13)   501
   (166)   329
 
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities  4
   (5)   2
   (1) 
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans  (169)   (173)   (169)   (342) 
Other comprehensive income (loss)  (154)   416
 
Other comprehensive loss  (343)   (4) 
Balance at end of period attributable to Verizon  2,216
   3,705
   1,104
   3,201
 
                
Treasury Stock                
Balance at beginning of period(159,400) (6,986) (162,898) (7,139) (155,669) (6,823) (159,498) (6,990) 
Employee plans3,668
 161
 3,368
 147
 20
 1
 79
 3
 
Shareholder plans5
 
 4
 
 
Balance at end of period(155,727) (6,825) (159,526) (6,992) (155,649) (6,822) (159,419) (6,987) 
                
Deferred Compensation-ESOPs and Other                
Balance at beginning of period  353
   416
   165
   285
 
Restricted stock equity grant  35
   33
   32
   41
 
Amortization  (263)   (221)   
   (1) 
Balance at end of period  125
   228
   197
   325
 
                
Noncontrolling Interests                
Balance at beginning of period  1,565
   1,591
   1,365
   1,551
 
Opening balance sheet adjustment  1
(1) 
  44
(2) 
Adjusted opening balance  1,566
   1,635
 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests  128
   121
 
Total comprehensive income  128
   121
   143
   138
 
Distributions and other  (90)   (192)   (117)   (97) 
Balance at end of period  1,604
   1,564
   1,391
   1,592
 
Total Equity  $57,460
   $52,345
   $60,312
   $56,087
 

         
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts, and shares in thousands)
Nine months ended September 30,2019
   2018
   
 Shares
 Amount
 Shares
 Amount
 
Common Stock        
Balance at beginning of year4,291,434
 $429
 4,242,374
 $424
 
Common shares issued
 
 49,060
 5
 
Balance at end of period4,291,434
 429
 4,291,434
 429
 
         
Additional Paid In Capital        
Balance at beginning of year  13,437
   11,101
 
Other  (19)   2,335
 
Balance at end of period  13,418
   13,436
 
         
Retained Earnings        
Balance at beginning of year  43,542
   35,635
 
Opening balance sheet adjustment  410
(1) 
  2,232
(2) 
Adjusted opening balance  43,952
   37,867
 
Net income attributable to Verizon  14,170
   13,589
 
Dividends declared ($1.8200, $1.7825 per share)  (7,527)   (7,365) 
Balance at end of period  50,595
   44,091
 
         
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income        
Balance at beginning of year attributable to Verizon  2,370
   2,659
 
Opening balance sheet adjustment  
   630
(2) 
Adjusted opening balance  2,370
   3,289
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments  (53)   (73) 
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges  (716)   678
 
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities  10
   (5) 
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans  (507)   (688) 
Other comprehensive loss  (1,266)   (88) 
Balance at end of period attributable to Verizon  1,104
   3,201
 
         
Treasury Stock        
Balance at beginning of year(159,400) (6,986) (162,898) (7,139) 
Employee plans3,746
 164
 3,475
 152
 
Shareholder plans5
 
 4
 
 
Balance at end of period(155,649) (6,822) (159,419) (6,987) 
         
Deferred Compensation-ESOPs and Other        
Balance at beginning of year  353
   416
 
Restricted stock equity grant  111
   132
 
Amortization  (267)   (223) 
Balance at end of period  197
   325
 
         
Noncontrolling Interests        
Balance at beginning of year  1,565
   1,591
 
Opening balance sheet adjustment  1
(1) 
  44
(2) 
Adjusted opening balance  1,566
   1,635
 
Total comprehensive income  401
   385
 
Distributions and other  (576)   (428) 
Balance at end of period  1,391
   1,592
 
Total Equity  $60,312
   $56,087
 
(1) The openingOpening balance sheet adjustmentadjustments for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019 isare due to the adoption of Topic 842 on January 1, 2019. See Note 1 for additional information.
(2) Opening balance sheet adjustments for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 are due to the adoption of multiple ASUs on January 1, 2018. Refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s AnnualCompany's Current Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20188-K dated August 8, 2019 for additional information.


Common Stock
Verizon did not repurchase any shares of Verizon common stock through its previously authorized share buyback program during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019. At March 31,September 30, 2019, the maximum number of shares that could be purchased by or on behalf of Verizon under our share buyback program was 100 million.

Common stock has been used from time to time to satisfy some of the funding requirements of employee and shareowner plans, including 3.73.8 million common shares issued from Treasury stock during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019.

In connection with our acquisition of Straight Path Communications, Inc. in February 2018, we issued approximately 49 million shares of Verizon common stock, valued at approximately $2.4 billion.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The changes in the balances of Accumulated other comprehensive income by component arewere as follows:
(dollars in millions)
Foreign 
currency
translation
adjustments

 
Unrealized
gain (loss) on cash
flow hedges

 
Unrealized
gain (loss) on
marketable
securities

 
Defined
benefit
pension and
postretirement
plans

 Total
Foreign 
currency
translation
adjustments

 
Unrealized
gain (loss) on cash
flow hedges

 
Unrealized
gain on
marketable
securities

 
Defined
benefit
pension and
postretirement
plans

 Total
Balance at January 1, 2019$(600) $(80) $20
 $3,030
 $2,370
$(600) $(80) $20
 $3,030
 $2,370
Other comprehensive income (loss)24
 (141) 4
 
 (113)(52) (1,348) 10
 
 (1,390)
Amounts reclassified to net income
 128
 
 (169) (41)(1) 632
 
 (507) 124
Net other comprehensive income (loss)24
 (13) 4
 (169) (154)(53) (716) 10
 (507) (1,266)
Balance at March 31, 2019$(576) $(93) $24
 $2,861
 $2,216
Balance at September 30, 2019$(653) $(796) $30
 $2,523
 $1,104


The amounts presented above in net other comprehensive income (loss) are net of taxes. The amounts reclassified to net income related to unrealized gain on cash flow hedges in the table above are included in Other income (expense), net and Interest expense in our condensed consolidated statements of income. See Note 8 for additional information. The amounts reclassified to net income related to defined benefit pension and postretirement plans in the table above are included in Cost of services and Selling, general and administrative expense in our condensed consolidated statements of income. See Note 9 for additional information.

Note 11. Segment Information
Reportable Segments
We have twoAs discussed in Note 1, in November 2018, we announced a strategic reorganization of our business. Under the new structure, effective April 1, 2019, there are 2 reportable segments Wireless and Wireline, whichthat we operate and manage as strategic business units - Consumer and organize by products and services, and customer groups, respectively.Business. In conjunction with the new reporting structure, we recast our segment disclosures for all periods presented. We measure and evaluate our reportable segments based on segment operating income, consistent with the chief operating decision maker’s assessment of segment performance.

Our segments and their principal activities consist of the following:
SegmentDescription
WirelessVerizon Consumer GroupWireless’Our Consumer segment provides consumer-focused wireless and wireline communications products and services include wireless voice and data services and equipment sales, whichproducts. Our wireless services are provided to consumer, business and government customers across one of the most extensive wireless networks in the U.S. under the Verizon Wireless brand and through wholesale and other arrangements. Our wireline services are provided in nine states in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern U.S., as well as Washington D.C., over our 100% fiber-optic network under the Fios brand and over a traditional copper-based network to customers who are not served by Fios.
WirelineWireline’s
Verizon
Business Group
Our Business segment provides wireless and wireline communications productsservices and enhanced services includeproducts, video and data services, corporate networking solutions, security and managed network services, and local and long distance voice services.services and network access to deliver various IoT services and products. We provide these products and services to consumers in the U.S., as well as to carriers, businesses, and government customers both inand wireless and wireline carriers across the U.S. and select products and services to customers around the world.


The Wireline segment isOur Consumer segment’s wireless and wireline products and services are available to our retail customers, as well as resellers that purchase wireless network access from us on a wholesale basis. Our Business segment’s wireless and wireline products and services are organized in fourby the primary customer groups: Consumer Markets, which includes consumer retail customers;groups targeted by these offerings: Global Enterprise, Solutions, which includes large business customers, including multinational corporations,Small and federal government customers; Partner Solutions, which includes other carriers that use our facilities to provide services to their customers;Medium Business, Public Sector and Business Markets, which includes U.S.-based smallOther, and medium business customers, state and local governments, and educational institutions.Wholesale.

Corporate and other includes the results of our Media business, Verizon Media, which operated in 2018 under the "Oath" brand, our telematics business, branded Verizon Connect, and other businesses, investments in unconsolidated businesses, unallocated corporate expenses, certain pension and other employee benefit related costs and interest and financing expenses. Corporate and other also includes the historical results of divested businesses and other adjustments and

gains and losses that are not allocated in assessing segment performance due to their nature. Although such transactions are excluded from the business segment results, they are included in reported consolidated earnings. Gains and losses from these transactions that are not individually significant are included in segment results as these items are included in the chief operating decision maker’s assessment of segment performance.

In November 2018, we announced a strategic reorganization of our business. We modified our internal and external reporting processes, systems and internal controls to accommodate the new structure and transitioned to the new segment reporting structure as of April 1, 2019. The chief operating decision maker received information and assessed performance during the three months ended March 31, 2019 based on our historic operating segments.


The reconciliation of segment operating revenues and expenses to consolidated operating revenues and expenses below includes the effects of special items that managementthe chief operating decision maker does not consider in assessing segment performance, primarily because of their nature.

The following table provides operating financial information for our two2 reportable segments:
 Three Months Ended 
 March 31, 
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
External Operating Revenues   
Wireless   
Service$16,057
 $15,371
Equipment4,931
 5,040
Other1,633
 1,396
Total Wireless22,621
 21,807
    
Wireline   
Consumer Markets3,103
 3,149
Enterprise Solutions2,140
 2,240
Partner Solutions833
 979
Business Markets828
 871
Other66
 67
Total Wireline6,970
 7,306
Total reportable segments$29,591
 $29,113
    
Intersegment Revenues   
Wireless$79
 $93
Wireline294
 251
Total reportable segments$373
 $344
    
Total Operating Revenues   
Wireless$22,700
 $21,900
Wireline7,264
 7,557
Total reportable segments$29,964
 $29,457
    
Operating Income (Loss)   
Wireless$8,466
 $8,049
Wireline(88) 69
Total reportable segments$8,378
 $8,118
 Three Months Ended  Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,  September 30, 
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
 2019
 2018
External Operating Revenues       
Consumer       
Service$16,432
 $16,194
 $49,043
 $48,058
Wireless equipment4,256
 4,507
 12,326
 13,028
Other1,953
 1,642
 5,303
 4,772
Total Consumer22,641
 22,343
 66,672
 65,858
        
Business       
Global Enterprise2,714
 2,781
 8,077
 8,413
Small and Medium Business2,894
 2,725
 8,379
 7,891
Public Sector and Other1,472
 1,454
 4,435
 4,320
Wholesale790
 918
 2,440
 2,859
Total Business7,870
 7,878
 23,331
 23,483
Total reportable segments$30,511
 $30,221
 $90,003
 $89,341
        
Intersegment Revenues       
Consumer$65
 $56
 $177
 $171
Business15
 15
 41
 44
Total reportable segments$80
 $71
 $218
 $215
        
Total Operating Revenues       
Consumer$22,706
 $22,399
 $66,849
 $66,029
Business(1)
7,885
 7,893
 23,372
 23,527
Total reportable segments$30,591
 $30,292
 $90,221
 $89,556
        
Operating Income       
Consumer$7,489
 $7,213
 $22,075
 $21,208
Business977
 1,154
 3,096
 3,369
Total reportable segments$8,466
 $8,367
 $25,171
 $24,577

(1) Service and other revenues included in our Business segment amounted to approximately $7.0 billion and $20.9 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and approximately $7.1 billion and $21.1 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. Wireless equipment revenues included in our Business segment amounted to approximately $880 million and $2.5 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and approximately $845 million and $2.4 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

The following table provides asset informationFios revenue for our 2 reportable segments:
 At March 31,
 At December 31,
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
Assets   
Wireless$237,889
 $213,290
Wireline98,057
 94,799
Total reportable segments335,946
 308,089
Corporate and other246,512
 244,695
Eliminations(298,511) (287,955)
Total consolidated - reported$283,947
 $264,829
 Three Months Ended  Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,  September 30, 
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
 2019
 2018
Consumer$2,811
 $2,764
 $8,347
 $8,236
Business243
 222
 725
 657
Total Fios revenue$3,054
 $2,986
 $9,072
 $8,893

The following table provides Wireless service revenue under our current reportable structure and includes intersegment activity:
 Three Months Ended  Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,  September 30, 
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
 2019
 2018
Consumer$13,533
 $13,257
 $40,346
 $39,260
Business2,850
 2,687
 8,319
 7,803
Total Wireless service revenue$16,383
 $15,944
 $48,665
 $47,063




Reconciliation to Consolidated Financial Information
A reconciliation of the reportable segment operating revenues to consolidated operating revenues is as follows:
Three Months Ended Three Months Ended  Nine Months Ended 
March 31, September 30,  September 30, 
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
2019
 2018
 2019
 2018
Total reportable segment operating revenues$29,964
 $29,457
$30,591
 $30,292
 $90,221
 $89,556
Corporate and other2,591
 2,711
2,400
 2,400
 7,147
 7,291
Eliminations(427) (396)(97) (85) (275) (265)
Total consolidated operating revenues$32,128
 $31,772
$32,894
 $32,607
 $97,093
 $96,582


Fios revenues are included within our Wireline segment and amounted to approximately $3.1 billion and $3.0 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

A reconciliation of the total of the reportable segments’segment operating income to consolidated income before provision for income taxes is as follows:
Three Months Ended Three Months Ended  Nine Months Ended 
March 31, September 30,  September 30, 
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
2019
 2018
 2019
 2018
Total reportable segment operating income$8,378
 $8,118
$8,466
 $8,367
 $25,171
 $24,577
Corporate and other(466) (454)(344) (350) (1,083) (1,161)
Severance charges (Note 9)
 
 
 (339)
Other components of net periodic benefit charges (Note 9)(203)
(208)(203)
(205) (610) (621)
Acquisition and integration related charges
 (107)
 (137) 
 (364)
Product realignment charges
 
 
 (451)
Net gain from dispositions of assets and businesses261
 
 261
 
Total consolidated operating income7,709
 7,349
8,180
 7,675
 23,739
 21,641
          
Equity in losses of unconsolidated businesses(6) (19)(1) (3) (20) (250)
Other income (expense), net295
 (75)(110) 214
 (1,127) 499
Interest expense(1,210) (1,201)(1,146) (1,211) (3,571) (3,634)
Income Before Provision For Income Taxes$6,788
 $6,054
$6,923
 $6,675
 $19,021
 $18,256

No single customer accounted for more than 10% of our total operating revenues during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019 and 2018.

The chief operating decision maker does not review disaggregated assets on a segment basis; therefore, such information is not presented. Depreciation included in the measure of segment profitability is allocated primarily based on proportional usage.

Note 12. Commitments and Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, Verizon is involved in various commercial litigation and regulatory proceedings at the state and federal level. Where it is determined, in consultation with counsel based on litigation and settlement risks, that a loss is probable and estimable in a given matter, the Company establishes an accrual. In none of the currently pending matters is the amount of accrual material. An estimate of the reasonably possible loss or range of loss in excess of the amounts already accrued cannot be made at this time due to various factors typical in contested proceedings, including: (1) uncertain damage theories and demands; (2) a less than complete factual record; (3) uncertainty concerning legal theories and their resolution by courts or regulators; and (4) the unpredictable nature of the opposing party and its demands. We continuously monitor these proceedings as they develop and adjust any accrual or disclosure as needed. We do not expect that the ultimate resolution of any pending regulatory or legal matter in future periods, including the Hicksville matter described below, will have a material effect on our financial condition, but it could have a material effect on our results of operations for a given reporting period.

Reserves have been established to cover environmental matters relating to discontinued businesses and past telecommunications activities. These reserves include funds to address contamination at the site of a former Sylvania facility in Hicksville, NY, which had processed nuclear fuel rods in the 1950s and 1960s. In September 2005, the Army Corps of Engineers (ACE) accepted the site into its Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program. As a result, the ACE has taken primary responsibility for addressing the contamination at the site. An adjustment to the reserves may be made after a cost allocation is conducted with respect to the past and future expenses of all of the parties. Adjustments to the environmental reserve may also be made based upon the actual conditions found at other sites requiring remediation.

Verizon is currently involved in approximately 3025 federal district court actions alleging that Verizon is infringing various patents. Most of these cases are brought by non-practicing entities and effectively seek only monetary damages; a small number are brought by companies that have sold products and could seek injunctive relief as well. These cases have progressed to various stages and a small number may go to trial in the coming 12 months if they are not otherwise resolved.

In connection with the execution of agreements for the sales of businesses and investments, Verizon ordinarily provides representations and warranties to the purchasers pertaining to a variety of nonfinancial matters, such as ownership of the securities being sold, as well as indemnity

from certain financial losses. From time to time, counterparties may make claims under these provisions, and Verizon will seek to defend against those claims and resolve them in the ordinary course of business.

Subsequent to the sale of Verizon Information Services Canada in 2004, we continue to provide a guarantee to publish directories, which was issued when the directory business was purchased in 2001 and had a 30-year term (before extensions). The preexisting guarantee continues,

without modification, despite the subsequent sale of Verizon Information Services Canada and the spin-off of our domestic print and Internet yellow pages directories business. The possible financial impact of the guarantee, which is not expected to be adverse, cannot be reasonably estimated as a variety of the potential outcomes available under the guarantee result in costs and revenues or benefits that may offset each other. We do not believe performance under the guarantee is likely.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Overview
Verizon Communications Inc. (Verizon, or the Company) is a holding company that, acting through its subsidiaries, is one of the world’s leading providers of communications, information and entertainment products and services to consumers, businesses and governmental agencies.government entities. With a presence around the world, we offer voice, data and video services and solutions on our networks that are designed to meet customers’ demand for mobility, reliable network connectivity, security and control. We have a highly diverse workforce of approximately 139,400135,400 employees as of March 31,September 30, 2019.

To compete effectively in today’s dynamic marketplace, we are focused on transforming around the capabilities of our high-performing networks with a goal of futureto drive growth based on delivering what customers want and need in the new digital world. During 2019, we are focused on leveraging our network leadership,leadership; retaining and growing our high-quality customer base while balancing profitability,profitability; enhancing ecosystems in growth businesses,businesses; and driving monetization of our networks and solutions. We are creating business value by earning customers’, employees’ and shareholders’ trust, limiting our environmental impact, and continuing our customer growth while creating social benefit through our products and services. Our strategy requires significant capital investments primarily to acquire wireless spectrum, put the spectrum into service, provide additional capacity for growth in our networks, invest in the fiber-optic networkfiber that supports our businesses, evolve and maintain our networks and develop and maintain significant advanced information technology systems and data system capabilities. We believe that steady and consistent investments in our networks and platforms will drive innovative products and services and fuel our growth.

We are consistently deploying new network architecture and technologies to extend our leadership in both fourth-generation (4G) and fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks. OurWe expect that our next-generation multi-use platform, which we call the Intelligent Edge Network, design will allow us to realize significant efficienciessimplify operations by utilizing common infrastructure withineliminating legacy network elements, improve 4G Long-Term Evolution (LTE) wireless coverage, speed the coredeployment of 5G wireless technology and providing flexibility atcreate new opportunities in the edge of the network to meet customer requirements. In addition, protecting the privacy of our customers’ information and the security of our systems and networks will continue to be a priority at Verizon.business market. Our network leadership will continue to beis the hallmark of our brand and provide the fundamental strength atfoundation for the connectivity, platform and solutions layers upon which we build our competitive advantage.

Highlights of Our Financial Results for the Three Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2019 and 2018
(dollars in millions)
chart-q12019operatingrevenue.jpgchart-q12019operatingincome.jpgchart-q12019netincome.jpgchart-q12019cashflowsfromops.jpgchart-q12019capex.jpgchart-q319qtdoperatingrev.jpgchart-q319qtdoperatingincome.jpgchart-q319qtdnetincome.jpg

Highlights of Our Financial Results for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018
(dollars in millions)

chart-q319ytdoperatingrev.jpgchart-q319ytdoperatingincome.jpgchart-q319ytdnetincome.jpg
chart-q319ytdcffromoperation.jpgchart-q319ytdcapex.jpg
Business Overview
DuringIn November 2018, we announced a strategic reorganization of our business. Under the first quarter ofnew structure, effective April 1, 2019, we hadthere are two reportable segments Wirelessthat we operate and Wireline, which we operated and managedmanage as strategic business units - Verizon Consumer Group (Consumer) and organized by products and services, and customer groups, respectively.Verizon Business Group (Business). In conjunction with the new reporting structure, we recast our segment disclosures for all periods presented.

Revenue by Segment for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018
chart-q12019_2019revbysegmen.jpgchart-q12019_2018revbysegmen.jpgchart-q319qtd2019revbysegmen.jpgchart-q319qtd2018revbysegmen.jpg
infolegenda03.jpginfographiclegend24.jpg
———
Note: Excludes eliminations.

Wireless
DuringRevenue by Segment for the first quarter ofNine Months Ended September 30, 2019 our Wirelessand 2018
chart-q319ytd2019revbysegmen.jpgchart-q319ytd2018revbysegmen.jpg
infographiclegend24.jpg
———
Note: Excludes eliminations.

Verizon Consumer Group
Our Consumer segment doing business as Verizon Wireless,provides consumer-focused wireless and wireline communications services and products. Our wireless services are provided wireless communications products and services across one of the most extensive wireless networks in the United States (U.S.). We under the Verizon Wireless brand and through wholesale and other arrangements. Our wireline services are provided thesein nine states in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern U.S., as well as Washington D.C., over our 100% fiber-optic network under the Fios brand and over a traditional copper-based network to customers who are not served by Fios. Our Consumer segment's wireless and wireline products and services and equipment salesare available to consumer, business and governmentour retail customers, across the U.S.as well as resellers that purchase wireless network access from us on a wholesale basis.

Customers can obtain our wireless services on a postpaid andor prepaid basis. A retail postpaid connection represents an individual line of service for a wireless device for which a customer is generally billed one month in advance for a monthly access charge in return for access to and usage of network service.services. Our prepaid service is offered only to Consumer customers and enables individuals to obtain wireless services without credit verification by paying for all services in advance. OurThe Consumer segment also offers several categories of wireless equipment to customers, also includeincluding a variety of smartphone and other companies who resell wireless service to their respective end customers using our network. Our reseller customers are billed for services in arrears. handsets, wireless-enabled Internet devices, such as tablets, laptop computers and netbooks, and other wireless-enabled connected devices, such as smart watches and other wearables.

We are focusing our wireless capital spending on adding capacity and density to our 4G Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network. We are densifying our 4G LTE network by utilizing small cell technology, in-building solutions and distributed antenna systems. Network densification not only enables us to add capacity to address increasing mobile video consumption and the growing demand for Internet of Things (IoT) products and services, but also positioned us for the launch of 5G technology. Over the past several years, we have been leading the development of 5G wireless technology industry standards and the ecosystems for fixed and mobile 5G wireless services. We believe 5G technology can provide users with eight capabilities, or currencies. The eight currencies are peak data rates, mobile data volumes, mobility, number of connected devices, energy efficiency, service deployment, reduced latency and improved reliability. We expect that 5G technology will provide higher throughput than the current 4G LTE technology, lower latency and enable our network to handle more traffic as the number of Internet-connected devices grows. During 2018, we commercially launched 5G Home, our alternative to wired home broadband, initially on proprietary standards in four U.S. markets: Sacramento, Los Angeles, Houston and Indianapolis. We will shiftIn addition to the global standards, as soon as the deviceswireless services and equipment become available. In February 2019, we announced that we will expand 5G Home coveragediscussed above, Consumer sells residential fixed connectivity solutions, including Internet, video and voice services, and wireless network access to more markets in the second half of 2019. In April 2019, we launched our 5G Ultra Wideband Network in Chicago and Minneapolis and announced that the network will become commercially available in 20 additional U.S. cities in 2019, with more to come throughout the year. These cities include Atlanta, Boston, Charlotte, Cincinnati,
Cleveland, Columbus, Dallas, Des Moines, Denver, Detroit, Houston, Indianapolis, Kansas City, MO, Little Rock, Memphis, Phoenix, Providence, Salt Lake City, San Diego and Washington, DC. In addition, we launched the first 5G-compatible smartphone in April 2019. Total Wireless segmentresellers on a wholesale basis. The Consumer segment's operating revenues for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019 totaled $22.7 billion. This wasbillion and $66.8 billion, respectively, representing an increase of 3.7%1.4% and 1.2%, respectively, compared to the similar periodperiods in 2018. As of September 30, 2019, Consumer had approximately 94 million wireless retail connections, 6 million broadband connections and 4 million Fios video connections.

WirelineVerizon Business Group
During the first quarter of 2019, our WirelineOur Business segment providedprovides wireless and wireline communications productsservices and enhanced services, includingproducts, video and data services, corporate networking solutions, security and managed network services, and local and long distance voice services.services and network access to deliver various Internet of Things (IoT) services and products, including solutions which support fleet tracking management, compliance management, field service management, asset tracking and other types of mobile resource management. We providedprovide these products and services to consumers in the U.S., as well as to carriers, businesses, and government customers both inand wireless and wireline carriers across the U.S. and select products and services to customers around the world.

In our Wireline business, to compensate for the shrinking market for traditional copper-based products (such as voice services), we continued to build our business around a fiber-based network supporting data, video and advanced business services - areas where demand for reliable high-speed connections is growing. We continued to seek ways to increase revenue, further realize operating and capital efficiencies and maximize profitability across the segment. We are reinventing our network architecture around a common fiber platform that will support services and products across our businesses. We expect our "multi-use fiber" Intelligent Edge Network initiative will create opportunities to generate revenue from fiber-based services in the future. Total Wireline segment The Business segment's operating revenues for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019 totaled $7.3 billion. This was$7.9 billion and $23.4 billion, respectively, representing a decrease of 3.9%0.1% and 0.7%, respectively, compared to the similar periodperiods in 2018. As of September 30, 2019, Business had approximately 25 million wireless retail postpaid connections and approximately 500 thousand broadband connections.


Corporate and Other
Corporate and other includes the results of our Mediamedia business, Verizon Media Group (Verizon Media), which operated in 2018 under the "Oath" brand our telematics business, branded Verizon Connect,until January 2019, and other businesses, investments in unconsolidated businesses, unallocated corporate expenses, certain pension and other employee benefit related costs and interest and financing expenses. Corporate and other also includes the historical results of divested businesses and other adjustments and gains and losses that are not allocated in assessing segment performance due to their nature. Although such transactions are excluded from the business segment results, they are included in reported consolidated earnings. Gains and losses from these transactions that are not individually significant are included in segment results as these items are included in the chief operating decision maker’s assessment of segment performance.

Verizon Media our organization that combined Yahoo! Inc.'s (Yahoo) operating business with our pre-existing Media business, includes diverse media and technology brands that engage users around the world. Our strategy is built on providingserve both consumers and businesses. Verizon Media provides consumers with owned and operated search properties and finance, news, sports and entertainment offerings and providingprovides other businesses and partners access to consumers through digital advertising platforms. TotalVerizon Media's total operating revenues for Verizon Media, included in Corporate and other, were $1.8 billion and $5.4 billion, respectively, for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2019. This wasSeptember 30, 2019, which represents a decrease of 7.2%2.0% and 4.1%, respectively, compared to the similar periodperiods in 2018.

We are also building our growth capabilities in the emerging IoT market by developing business models to monetize usage on our network at the connectivity and platform layers. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we recognized IoT revenues (including Verizon Connect) of $425 million, which is an increase of 6.5% compared to the similar period in 2018.


Capital Expenditures and Investments
We continue to invest in our wireless network,networks, high-speed fiber and other advanced technologies to position ourselves at the center of growth trends for the future. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, these investments included $4.3$12.3 billion for capital expenditures. See "Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities" for additional information. We believe that our investments aimed at expanding our portfolio of products and services will provide our customers with an efficient, reliable infrastructure for succeedingcompeting in the information economy.

Global Network and Technology
We are focusing our capital spending on adding capacity and density to our 4G LTE network, while also building our next generation 5G network. We are densifying our network by utilizing small cell technology, in-building solutions and distributed antenna systems. Network densification enables us to add capacity to address increasing mobile video consumption and the growing demand for IoT products and services on our 4G LTE and 5G networks. Over the past several years, we have been leading the development of 5G wireless technology industry standards and the ecosystems for fixed and mobile 5G wireless services. We believe 5G technology will be able to provide users with eight capabilities, or currencies. The eight currencies are peak data rates, mobile data volumes, mobility, number of connected devices, energy efficiency, service deployment, reduced latency and improved reliability. We expect that 5G technology will provide higher throughput and lower latency than the current 4G LTE technology and enable our networks to handle more traffic as the number of Internet-connected devices grows. During 2018, we commercially launched 5G Home initially on proprietary standards in four U.S. markets and we expect to begin utilizing equipment based on global standards in late 2019. We also launched our 5G Ultra Wideband Network in 15 U.S. markets in 2019, with a target of the network becoming commercially available in 30 plus markets by year-end. In addition, we launched several 5G-compatible smartphones in 2019.

To compensate for the shrinking market for traditional copper-based products, we continue to build our wireline business around fiber-based networks supporting data, video and advanced business services - areas where demand for reliable high-speed connections is growing. We are evolving the architecture of our networks to a next-generation multi-use platform, providing improved efficiency and virtualization, increased automation and opportunities for edge computing services that will support both our fiber-based and radio access network technologies. We call this the Intelligent Edge Network. We expect that this new architecture will simplify operations by eliminating legacy network elements, improve our 4G LTE wireless coverage, speed the deployment of 5G wireless technology and create new opportunities in the business market.

Operating Environment and Trends
Except as discussed below, thereThere have been no significant changes to the information related to trends affecting our business that was previously disclosed in the "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with our recast financial statements and included in our AnnualCurrent Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.8-K dated August 8, 2019.

We adopted Accounting Standard Update (ASU) 2016-02, ASU 2018-01, ASU 2018-10, ASU 2018-11, ASU 2018-20 and ASU 2019-01, Leases (Topic 842) on January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective application. This method does not impact the prior periods, which continue to reflect the accounting treatment prior to the adoption of Topic 842. As a result, for items that were affected by our adoption of Topic 842, financial results of periods prior to January 1, 2019 are not comparable to the current period financial results. See Notes 1 and 5 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Recent Developments
In September 2018, we announced a Voluntary Separation Program for select U.S.-based management employees. Approximately 10,400 eligible employees have separated or will separate from the Company under this program byas of the end of June 2019. The severance benefits payments to these employees are expected to be significantlywere substantially completed by the end of September 2019.

In November 2018, we announced a strategic2019, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) completed two millimeter wave spectrum license auctions. Verizon participated in these auctions and was the high bidder on 9 and 1,066 licenses, respectively, in the 24 Gigahertz (GHz) and 28 GHz bands. We submitted an application to the FCC and paid cash of approximately $521 million for the licenses.

Goodwill
Upon the date of reorganization on April 1, 2019, the goodwill of our business. We modifiedhistorical Wireless reporting unit, historical Wireline reporting unit and historical Verizon Connect reporting unit were reallocated to our internalnew Consumer and externalBusiness reporting processes, systems and internal controls to accommodate the new structure and transitioned to the new segment reporting structure as of April 1, 2019. The chief operating decision maker received information and assessed performance during the three months ended March 31, 2019 based on our historic operating segments.

Critical Accounting Estimates
units. At March 31,September 30, 2019, the balance of our goodwill was approximately $24.6 billion, of which $18.4$17.1 billion was in our WirelessConsumer reporting unit, $3.9$7.3 billion was in our WirelineBusiness reporting unit, $186and $202 million was in Other, which includes our Media reporting unit and $2.1 billion was in our Connect reporting unit.other corporate entities. To determine if goodwill is potentially impaired, we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If we elect not to bypassconduct the qualitative assessment or if indicators of a potential impairment exist, the determination of whether an impairment has occurred requires the determination of the fair value of the reporting unit being assessed.

DueWe performed a quantitative assessment of our current reporting units, Consumer and Business, subsequent to the strategic reorganization effective April 1, 2019, we performed an assessment of our impacted reporting units, namely Wireline, Connect and Wireless as of March 31, 2019.reorganization. Our impairment assessments indicated that the fair value for each of our Wireline, ConnectConsumer and WirelessBusiness reporting units significantly exceeded their respective carrying valuevalues and therefore, did not result in a goodwill impairment. Our Media reporting unit will remain unchanged underwas not impacted by the new reporting structure,strategic reorganization and there were no indicators of impairment to date.

As is our practice, during the firstfourth quarter we will complete our annual budget process during which we reassess strategic priorities and forecast future operating performance and capital spending. We utilize the outputs of 2019.the annual budget process as an input to complete our annual goodwill impairment tests. We will perform qualitative tests on our Business and Consumer reporting units and a quantitative assessment for

the Media reporting unit.

Under our quantitative assessment, the fair value of the reporting unit is calculated using a market approach and a discounted cash flow method. The market approach includes the use of comparative multiples to corroborate discounted cash flow results. The discounted cash flow method is based on the present value of two components-projected cash flows and a terminal value. The terminal value represents the expected normalized

future cash flows of the reporting unit beyond the cash flows from the discrete projection period. The fair value of the reporting unit is calculated based on the sum of the present value of the cash flows from the discrete period and the present value of the terminal value. The discount rate represented our estimate of the weighted-average cost of capital, or expected return, that a marketplace participant would have required as of the valuation date. The application of our goodwill impairment test required key assumptions underlying our valuation model. The discounted cash flow analysis factored in assumptions on discount rates and terminal growth rates to reflect risk profiles of key strategic revenue and cost initiatives, as well as revenue and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization expenses (EBITDA) growth relative to history and market trends and expectations. The market multiples approach incorporated significant judgment involved in the selection of comparable public company multiples and benchmarks. The selection of companies was influenced by differences in growth and profitability, and volatility in market prices of peer companies. These valuation inputs are inherently uncertain, and anmanagement believes a significant adverse change in one or a combination of these inputs could trigger a goodwill impairment loss for the Media reporting unit in the future.

Our Wireline reporting unit has experienced increasing market pressures that have resulted in lower than expected revenues and earnings and these pressures may persist over the near term. A projected sustained decline in a reporting unit's revenues and earnings could have a significant negative impact on its fair value and may result in impairment charges in the future. Such a decline could be driven by, among other things: (1) further anticipated decreases in service pricing, sales volumes and long-term growth rate as a result of competitive pressures or other factors; or (2) the inability to achieve or delays in achieving the goals in strategic initiatives. In addition, adverse changes to macroeconomic factors, such as increases to long-term interest rates, would also negatively impact the fair value of the reporting unit.

At the goodwill impairment measurement date of March 31, 2019, our Wireline reporting unit had fair value that exceeded its carrying amount by approximately 5%, which is consistent with our most recent annual impairment test performed in the fourth quarter of 2018. As previously mentioned, the Company announced a strategic reorganization which resulted in changes to our segments and reporting units, and will result in a reallocation of goodwill to the new segments and reporting units. Accordingly, commencing in the second quarter of 2019, goodwill impairment will be assessed for our new reporting units.

Consolidated Results of Operations
In this section, we discuss our overall results of operations and highlight special items that are not included in our segment results. In "Segment Results of Operations," we review the performance of our two reportable segments in more detail.

Consolidated Revenues
Three Months Ended     Three Months Ended      Nine Months Ended     
March 31,  Increase/September 30,  Increase/ September 30,  Increase/
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
 (Decrease)2019
 2018
 (Decrease) 2019
 2018
 (Decrease)
Wireless$22,700
 $21,900
 $800
 3.7 %
Wireline7,264
 7,557
 (293) (3.9)
Consumer$22,706
 $22,399
 $307
 1.4 % $66,849
 $66,029
 $820
 1.2 %
Business7,885
 7,893
 (8) (0.1) 23,372
 23,527
 (155) (0.7)
Corporate and other2,591
 2,711
 (120) (4.4)2,400
 2,400
 
 
 7,147
 7,291
 (144) (2.0)
Eliminations(427) (396) (31) 7.8
(97) (85) (12) 14.1
 (275) (265) (10) 3.8
Consolidated Revenues$32,128
 $31,772
 $356
 1.1
$32,894
 $32,607
 $287
 0.9
 $97,093
 $96,582
 $511
 0.5

Consolidated revenues increased $356$287 million, or 1.1%0.9%, and $511 million, or 0.5%, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the similar periods in 2018. The increase in revenues during the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019 compared to the similar period in 2018,was due to increasesan increase in revenues at our WirelessConsumer segment. The increase in revenues during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was due to an increase in revenues at our Consumer segment, partially offset by decreases in revenues at our WirelineBusiness segment and within Corporate and other.

Revenues for our segments are discussed separately below under the heading "Segment Results of Operations."

Corporate and other revenues were unchanged and decreased $120$144 million, or 4.4%2.0%, during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the similar periodperiods in 2018. The decrease in revenues during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due to a decrease of $137$230 million in revenues within our Media business.Verizon Media.

Consolidated Operating Expenses
Three Months Ended     Three Months Ended      Nine Months Ended     
March 31,  Increase/September 30,  Increase/ September 30,  Increase/
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
 (Decrease)2019
 2018
 (Decrease) 2019
 2018
 (Decrease)
Cost of services$7,792
 $7,946
 $(154) (1.9)%$7,902
 $7,842
 $60
 0.8 % $23,396
 $24,022
 $(626) (2.6)%
Wireless cost of equipment5,198
 5,309
 (111) (2.1)
Cost of wireless equipment5,482
 5,489
 (7) (0.1) 15,699
 16,195
 (496) (3.1)
Selling, general and administrative expense7,198
 6,844
 354
 5.2
7,216
 7,224
 (8) (0.1) 21,682
 21,673
 9
 
Depreciation and amortization expense4,231
 4,324
 (93) (2.2)4,114
 4,377
 (263) (6.0) 12,577
 13,051
 (474) (3.6)
Consolidated Operating Expenses$24,419
 $24,423
 $(4) 
$24,714
 $24,932
 $(218) (0.9) $73,354
 $74,941
 $(1,587) (2.1)


Cost of Services
Cost of services includes the following costs directly attributable to a service: salaries and wages, benefits, materials and supplies, content costs, contracted services, network access and transport costs, customer provisioning costs, computer systems support, and costs to support our outsourcing contracts and technical facilities. Aggregate customer care costs, which include billing and service provisioning, are allocated between Cost of services and Selling, general and administrative expense.


Cost of services decreased $154increased $60 million, or 1.9%0.8%, and decreased $626 million, or 2.6%, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the similar periods in 2018. The increase during the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, compared to the similar period in 2018. The decrease2018, was primarily due to a decrease in employee related costs due to lower headcount and a decrease in network access costs due to reduction in voice connections, partially offset by an increase in regulatory fees and rent expense as a result of adding capacity to the networknetworks to support demand.

Wireless Cost of Equipment
Cost of equipment decreased $111 million, or 2.1%,demand, partially offset by a decrease in network access costs and a decrease in employee-related costs. The decrease during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, compared to the similar period in 2018, was primarily due to decreases in network access costs, employee-related costs and a product realignment charge in 2018 (see "Special Items"), partially offset by an increase in rent expense and regulatory fees.

Cost of Wireless Equipment
Cost of wireless equipment decreased 0.1%, and $496 million, or 3.1%, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the similar periods in 2018, primarily as a result of declines in the number of wireless devices sold as a result of an elongation of the handset upgrade cycle. The decrease during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was partially offset by a shift to higher priced devices in the mix of wireless devices sold.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense
Selling, general and administrative expense includes:includes salaries and wages and benefits not directly attributable to a service or product, bad debt charges, taxes other than income taxes, advertising and sales commission costs, customer billing, call center and information technology costs, regulatory fees, professional service fees, and rent and utilities for administrative space. Also included is a portion of the aggregate customer care costs as discussed above in "Cost of Services".Services."

Selling, general and administrative expense increased $354 million, or 5.2%decreased 0.1%, and were unchanged during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the similar periods in 2018. The decrease during the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019 compared to the similar period in 2018. The increase was primarily due to a decrease in employee-related costs, a net gain from dispositions of assets and businesses during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and the acquisition and integration related charges in 2018 primarily related to the acquisition of Yahoo! Inc.'s (Yahoo) operating business (see "Special Items"). These decreases were partially offset by an increase in advertising andexpenses, sales commission expense and bad debt expense. The increase in sales commission expense iswas due to a lower net deferral of commission costs in the current year as compared to the prior year as a result of the adoption of ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" (Topic 606) on January 1, 2018 using a modified retrospective approach. The increase was partiallyDuring the nine months ended September 30, 2019 increases in advertising expenses, sales commission and bad debt expense were offset by decreases in employee-related costs primarily due to the Voluntary Separation Program, a decreasenet gain from dispositions of assets and businesses during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and the acquisition and integration related charges in employee2018 primarily related costs.to the acquisition of Yahoo's operating business (see "Special Items").

Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation and amortization expense decreased $93$263 million, or 2.2%6.0%, and $474 million, or 3.6%, during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the similar periodperiods in 2018. This decrease was primarily driven by the change in the mix of net depreciable assets.assets, as newer technology with longer useful lives replaces legacy assets that have reached the end of their lives.

Other Consolidated Results
Other Income (Expense), Net
Additional information relating to Other income (expense), net is as follows:
Three Months Ended     Three Months Ended      Nine Months Ended     
March 31,  Increase/September 30,  Increase/ September 30,  Increase/
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
 (Decrease)2019
 2018
 (Decrease) 2019
 2018
 (Decrease)
Interest income$29
 $16
 $13
 81.3 %$34
 $25
 $9
 36.0 % $94
 $61
 $33
 54.1 %
Other components of net periodic benefit cost280
 255
 25
 9.8
(103) 688
 (791) nm
 362
 1,197
 (835) (69.8)
Other, net(14) (346) 332
 (96.0)(41) (499) 458
 (91.8) (1,583) (759) (824) nm
Total$295
 $(75) $370
 nm
$(110) $214
 $(324) nm
 $(1,127) $499
 $(1,626) nm

nm - not meaningful

Other income (expense), net, reflects certain items not directly related to our core operations, including interest income, gains and losses from non-operating asset dispositions, debt extinguishment costs and components of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs. The increasedecrease in Other income (expense), net during the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, compared to the similar period in 2018, was primarily attributable to a pension remeasurement loss of $291 million recorded in 2019, compared with a pension remeasurement gain of $454 million recorded in 2018. The decrease was partially offset by a decrease in early debt redemption costs of $476 million. The decrease in Other income (expense), net during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the similar period in 2018, was primarily driven by a decreasepension remeasurement loss of $195 million recorded in 2019, compared with a pension remeasurement gain of $454 million recorded in 2018 and an increase in early debt redemption costs of an insignificant amount during the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to $249 million recorded during the similar period in 2018. In addition, we recorded a $96 million benefit, primarily attributable to a pension remeasurement gain, during the three months ended March 31, 2019.$819 million.


Interest Expense
Three Months Ended     Three Months Ended      Nine Months Ended     
March 31,  Increase/September 30,  Increase/ September 30,  Increase/
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
 (Decrease)2019
 2018
 (Decrease) 2019
 2018
 (Decrease)
Total interest costs on debt balances$1,368
 $1,377
 $(9) (0.7)%$1,317
 $1,404
 $(87) (6.2)% $4,061
 $4,202
 $(141) (3.4)%
Less capitalized interest costs158
 176
 (18) (10.2)171
 193
 (22) (11.4) 490
 568
 (78) (13.7)
Total$1,210
 $1,201
 $9
 0.7
$1,146
 $1,211
 $(65) (5.4) $3,571
 $3,634
 $(63) (1.7)
                      
Average debt outstanding$113,476
 $117,973
    $111,534
 $113,980
     $113,366
 $116,531
    
Effective interest rate4.8% 4.7%    4.7% 4.9%     4.8% 4.8%    

Total interest expense increaseddecreased during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, compared to the similar periodperiods in 2018, primarily due to lower average debt balances, offset by lower capitalized interest costs.

Provision for Income Taxes
Three Months Ended   Three Months Ended    Nine Months Ended   
March 31,  Increase/September 30,  Increase/ September 30,  Increase/
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
 (Decrease)2019
 2018
 (Decrease) 2019
 2018
 (Decrease)
Provision for income taxes$1,628
 $1,388
 $240
 17.3%$1,586
 $1,613
 $(27) (1.7)% $4,450
 $4,282
 $168
 3.9%
Effective income tax rate24.0% 22.9%    22.9% 24.2%     23.4% 23.5%    

The effective income tax rate is calculated by dividing the provision for income taxes by income before the provision for income taxes. The increasedecrease in the effective income tax rate duringand the provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, compared to the similar period in 2018, was primarily due to tax benefits associated with the utilization of capital losses in connection with the disposition of certain assets and businesses, as well as tax benefits from funding employee benefit obligationsprior year internal restructuring, partially offset by the impact of an increase in the prior period that did not reoccurincome before income taxes in the current period. The effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 is comparable to the similar period in 2018. The increase in the provision for income taxes during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, compared to the similar period in 2018, was primarily due to the impact of an increase in income before income taxes in the current period.

Unrecognized Tax Benefits
Unrecognized tax benefits were $2.7 billion at September 30, 2019 and $2.9 billion at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits were $372$370 million (after-tax) and $348 million (after-tax) at March 31,September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Verizon and/or its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. As a large taxpayer, we are under audit by the Internal Revenue Service and multiple state and foreign jurisdictions for various open tax years. It is reasonably possible that the amount of the liability for unrecognized tax benefits could change by a significant amount in the next twelve months. An estimate of the range of the possible change cannot be made until these tax matters are further developed or resolved.

Consolidated Net Income, Consolidated EBITDA and Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA
Consolidated EBITDA and Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, which are presented below, are non-generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) measures that we believe are useful to management, investors and other users of our financial information in evaluating operating profitability on a more variable cost basis as they exclude the depreciation and amortization expense related primarily to capital expenditures and acquisitions that occurred in prior years, as well as in evaluating operating performance in relation to Verizon’s competitors. Consolidated EBITDA is calculated by adding back interest, taxes and depreciation and amortization expenses to net income.

Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA is calculated by excluding from Consolidated EBITDA the effect of the following non-operational items: equity in losses of unconsolidated businesses and other income and expense, net, as well as the effect of special items. We believe that this measure is useful to management, investors and other users of our financial information in evaluating the effectiveness of our operations and underlying business trends in a manner that is consistent with management’s evaluation of business performance. We believe that Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA is widely used by investors to compare a company’s operating performance to its competitors by minimizing impacts caused by differences in capital structure, taxes and depreciation policies. Further, the exclusion of non-operational items and special items enables comparability to prior period performance and trend analysis. See "Special Items" for additional information.

It is management’s intent to provide non-GAAP financial information to enhance the understanding of Verizon’s GAAP financial information, and it should be considered by the reader in addition to, but not instead of, the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. Each non-GAAP financial measure is presented along with the corresponding GAAP measure so as not to imply that more emphasis should be placed on the non-GAAP measure. We believe that non-GAAP measures provide relevant and useful information, which is used by management, investors and other users of our financial information, as well as by our management in assessing both consolidated and segment performance. The non-GAAP financial information presented may be determined or calculated differently by other companies and may not be directly comparable to that of other companies.

Three Months Ended Three Months Ended  Nine Months Ended 
March 31, September 30,  September 30, 
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
2019
 2018
 2019
 2018
Consolidated Net Income$5,160
 $4,666
$5,337
 $5,062
 $14,571
 $13,974
Add:
  
      
Provision for income taxes1,628
 1,388
1,586
 1,613
 4,450
 4,282
Interest expense1,210
 1,201
1,146
 1,211
 3,571
 3,634
Depreciation and amortization expense4,231
 4,324
4,114
 4,377
 12,577
 13,051
Consolidated EBITDA*$12,229
 $11,579
Consolidated EBITDA$12,183
 $12,263
 $35,169
 $34,941
          
Add (Less):          
Other (income) expense, net†$(295) $75
$110
 $(214) $1,127
 $(499)
Equity in losses of unconsolidated businesses6
 19
Acquisition and integration related charges

 105
Equity in losses of unconsolidated businesses‡1
 3
 20
 250
Severance charges
 
 
 339
Acquisition and integration related charges§

 130
 
 344
Product realignment charges§

 
 
 450
Net gain from dispositions of assets and businesses(261) 
 (261) 
Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA$11,940
 $11,778
$12,033
 $12,182
 $36,055
 $35,825

* Prior period figures have been amended to conform to the current period's calculation of Consolidated EBITDA.
† Includes Pension and benefits mark-to-market adjustments and Earlyearly debt redemption costs, where applicable.
Includes Product realignment charges, where applicable.
§ Excludes depreciation and amortization expense.

The changes in Consolidated Net Income, Consolidated EBITDA and Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA in the table above during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, compared to the similar periodperiods in 2018, were primarily a result of the factors described in connection with operating revenues and operating expenses.

Segment Results of Operations
During the first quarter of 2019, we hadWe have two reportable segments Wirelessthat we operate and Wireline, which we operated and managedmanage as strategic business units, Consumer and organized by products and services, and customer groups, respectively.Business. We measure and evaluate our reportable segments based on segment operating income. The use of segment operating income is consistent with the chief operating decision maker’s assessment of segment performance.

To aid in the understanding of segment performance as it relates to segment operating income, we use the following operating statistics to evaluate the overall effectiveness of our segments:

Wireless retail connections are retail customer device postpaid and prepaid connections. Retail connections under an account may include those from smartphones and basic phones (collectively, phones), as well as tablets and other Internet devices, including wearables and retail IoT devices.

Wireless retail postpaid connections are retail postpaid customer device connections. Retail connections under an account may include those from phones, as well as tablets and other Internet devices, including wearables and retail IoT devices.

Fios Internet connections are the total number of connections to the Internet using Fios Internet services.

Fios video connections are the total number of connections to traditional linear video programming using Fios video services.

Broadband connections are thetotal number of connections to the Internet using Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) and Fios Internet services.

Voice connections are thetotal number of traditional switched access lines in service and Fios digital voice connections.

Wireless retail connections, net additions are thetotal number of additional retail customer device postpaid and prepaid connections, less the number of device disconnects within the current period.

Wireless retail postpaid connections, net additions are the total number of additional retail customer device postpaid connections, less the number of device disconnects within the current period.

Wireless retail postpaid phone connections, net additions are the total number of additional retail customer postpaid phone connections, less the number of phone disconnects within the current period.

Churn is the rate at which service to either retail or postpaid retail connections is terminated on a monthly basis.


Wireless retail postpaid ARPA is the calculated average service revenue per account (ARPA) from retail postpaid accounts, which does not include recurring device payment plan billings related to the Verizon device payment program.

Wireless retail postpaid accounts are retailcustomers that are directly served and managed under the Verizon Wireless brand and use its services. Accounts include unlimited plans, shared data plans and corporate accounts, as well as legacy single connection plans and family plans. A single account may include monthly wireless services for a variety of connected devices.

Wireless retail postpaid connections per account is calculated by dividing the total number of retail postpaid connections by the number of retail postpaid accounts as of the end of the period.

Segment earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (Segment EBITDA), which is presented below, is a non-GAAP measure and does not purport to be an alternative to operating income (loss) as a measure of operating performance. We believe that this measure is useful to management, investors and other users of our financial information in evaluating operating profitability on a more variable cost basis as it excludes the depreciation and amortization expenses related primarily to capital expenditures and acquisitions that occurred in prior years, as well as in evaluating operating performance in relation to our competitors. Segment EBITDA is calculated by adding back depreciation and amortization expense to segment operating income (loss). Segment EBITDA margin is calculated by dividing Segment EBITDA by total segment operating revenues. SeeYou can find additional information about our segments in Note 11 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.statements.


Verizon Consumer Group
Our Consumer segment provides consumer-focused wireless and wireline communications services and products. Our wireless services are provided across one of the most extensive wireless networks in the U.S. under the Verizon Wireless brand and through wholesale and other arrangements. Our wireline services are provided in nine states in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern U.S., as well as Washington D.C., over our 100% fiber-optic network under the Fios brand and over a traditional copper-based network to customers who are not served by Fios.

Operating Revenues and Selected Operating Statistics
 Three Months Ended   
 March 31,  Increase/
(dollars in millions, except ARPA and I-ARPA)2019
 2018
 (Decrease)
Service$16,072
 $15,402
 $670
 4.4 %
Equipment4,931
 5,040
 (109) (2.2)
Other1,697
 1,458
 239
 16.4
Total Operating Revenues$22,700
 $21,900
 $800
 3.7
        
Connections (‘000): (1)
       
Retail117,886
 116,182
 1,704
 1.5
Retail postpaid113,407
 111,114
 2,293
 2.1
        
Net additions in period (‘000): (2)
       
Retail connections(115) (75) (40) (53.3)
Retail postpaid connections61
 260
 (199) (76.5)
        
Churn Rate:       
Retail connections1.31% 1.28%    
Retail postpaid connections1.12% 1.04%    
        
Account Statistics:       
Retail postpaid ARPA$136.68
 $131.71
 $4.97
 3.8
Retail postpaid I-ARPA$172.09
 $164.72
 $7.37
 4.5
        
Retail postpaid accounts (‘000) (1)
35,338
 35,333
 5
 
Retail postpaid connections per account (1)
3.21
 3.14
 0.07
 2.2
 Three Months Ended    Nine Months Ended   
 September 30,  Increase/ September 30,  Increase/
(dollars in millions, except ARPA)2019
 2018
 (Decrease) 2019
 2018
 (Decrease)
Service$16,433
 $16,193
 $240
 1.5 % $49,042
 $48,066
 $976
 2.0 %
Wireless equipment4,257
 4,508
 (251) (5.6) 12,326
 13,029
 (703) (5.4)
Other2,016
 1,698
 318
 18.7
 5,481
 4,934
 547
 11.1
Total Operating Revenues$22,706
 $22,399
 $307
 1.4
 $66,849
 $66,029
 $820
 1.2
                
Connections (‘000): (1)
               
Wireless retail connections        93,922
 93,798
 124
 0.1
Wireless retail postpaid connections        89,739
 89,062
 677
 0.8
Fios Internet connections        5,867
 5,711
 156
 2.7
Fios video connections        4,203
 4,423
 (220) (5.0)
Broadband connections        6,469
 6,452
 17
 0.3
Voice connections        5,904
 6,480
 (576) (8.9)
                
Net Additions in Period (‘000): (2)
               
Wireless retail112
 55
 57
 nm
 (352) (424) 72
 17.0
Wireless retail postpaid193
 151
 42
 27.8
 118
 243
 (125) (51.4)
Wireless retail postpaid phones239
 112
 127
 nm
 149
 (24) 173
 nm
                
Churn Rate:               
Wireless retail1.27% 1.24%     1.27% 1.25%    
Wireless retail postpaid1.05% 1.01%     1.03% 0.98%    
Wireless retail postpaid phones0.79% 0.77%     0.77% 0.75%    
                
Account Statistics:               
Wireless retail postpaid ARPA$118.89
 $117.06
 $1.83
 1.6
 $118.16
 $115.34
 $2.82
 2.4
Wireless retail postpaid accounts (‘000) (1)
        33,898
 34,005
 (107) (0.3)
Wireless retail postpaid connections per account (1)
        2.65
 2.62
 0.03
 1.1
(1) 
As of end of period
(2) 
Excluding acquisitions andIncludes certain adjustments

nm - not meaningful
Wireless’
Consumer’s total operating revenues increased $800$307 million, or 3.7%1.4%, and $820 million, or 1.2%, during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the similar periodperiods in 2018, primarily as a result of increases in Service and Other revenues, partially offset by a decreasedecreases in EquipmentWireless equipment revenue.

Accounts and Connections
Retail postpaid accounts primarily represent retail customers with Verizon Wireless that are directly served and managed by Verizon Wireless and use its branded services. Accounts include unlimited plans, shared data plans and corporate accounts, as well as legacy single connection plans and family plans. A single account may include monthly wireless services for a variety of connected devices.

Retail connections represent our retail customer device postpaid and prepaid connections. Churn is the rate at which service to connections is terminated on a monthly basis. Retail connections under an account may include those from smartphones and basic phones (collectively, phones) as well as tablets and other Internet devices, including wearables and retail IoT devices. The U.S. wireless market has achieved a high penetration of smartphones, which reduces the opportunity for new phone connection growth for the industry. Retail postpaid connection net additions decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the similar period in 2018, primarily due to an increase in retail postpaid connection churn rate, partially offset by an increase in retail postpaid connection gross additions, including wearables.

Retail Postpaid Connections per Account
Retail postpaid connections per account is calculated by dividing the total number of retail postpaid connections by the number of retail postpaid accounts as of the end of the period. Retail postpaid connections per account increased 2.2% as of March 31, 2019, compared to March 31, 2018. The increase in retail postpaid connections per account is primarily due to an increase in Internet devices, which represented 19.7% of our retail postpaid connection base as of March 31, 2019, compared to 19.2% as of March 31, 2018. The increase in Internet devices is primarily driven by other connected devices, primarily wearables, as of March 31, 2019 compared to March 31, 2018.

Service Revenue
Service revenue which does not include recurring device payment plan billings related to the Verizon device payment program, increased $670$240 million, or 4.4%1.5%, and $976 million, or 2.0%, during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the similar periodperiods in 2018. The increase was primarilyThese increases were driven by increases in wireless service and Fios revenues, partially offset by decreases in wireline voice and DSL services.

Wireless service revenue increased 2.1% and 2.8%, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the similar periods in 2018. These increases were due to an increaseincreases in wireless access revenue, driven by customers shifting to higher access plans including unlimited plans and increases in the number of devices per account, the declining fixed-term subsidized plan base as well as continuedand data usage growth from reseller accounts.

Service revenue plus recurring device payment plan billings related to the Verizon device payment program, which represents the total value invoiced from our wireless connections, Wireless retail postpaid ARPA increased $923 million, or 4.9%1.6% and 2.4%, during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the similar periods in 2018.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, Fios revenue totaled $2.8 billion and $8.3 billion, respectively, and increased 1.7%, and $111 million, or 1.3%, respectively, compared to the similar periods in 2018. These increases are due to a 2.7% increase in Fios Internet connections, reflecting increased demand in higher broadband speeds, partially offset by a 5.0% decrease in Fios video connections, reflecting the ongoing shift from traditional linear video to over-the-top offerings.

Service revenue attributable to wireline voice and DSL broadband services declined during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the similar periodperiods in 2018. The declines are primarily due to a decrease of 8.9% in voice connections resulting primarily from competition and technology substitution with wireless and competing Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and cable telephony services.

Retail postpaid ARPA (the average serviceWireless Equipment Revenue
Wireless equipment revenue per account from retail postpaid accounts)decreased $251 million, or 5.6%, which does not include recurring device payment plan billings related to the Verizon device payment program, increased 3.8%and $703 million, or 5.4%, during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the similar period in 2018. The increase was a result of an increase in service revenue driven by customers shifting to higher access plans, as well as an increase in reseller revenues, partially offset by an increase in the amount of retail postpaid accounts. Retail postpaid I-ARPA (the average service revenue per account from retail postpaid accounts plus recurring device payment plan billings), which represents the monthly recurring value received on a per account basis from our retail postpaid accounts, increased 4.5%, during the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the similar period in 2018. This increase was driven by an increase in recurring device payment plan billings.

Equipment Revenue
Equipment revenue decreased $109 million, or 2.2%, during the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the similar periodperiods in 2018, as a result of an overall declinedeclines in wireless device sales primarily due to an elongation of the handset upgrade cycle and increase is promotions,increased promotions. The decrease during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was partially offset by a shift to higher priced units in the mix of wireless devices sold.

Other Revenue
Other revenue includes non-service revenues such as regulatory fees, cost recovery surcharges, revenues associated with our device protection package, leasing and interest on equipment financed under a device payment plan agreement when sold to the customer by an authorized agent and financing revenue. agent.

Other revenue increased $239$318 million, or 16.4%18.7%, and $547 million, or 11.1%, during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the similar periodperiods in 2018, primarily due to volume and rate-drivenpricing increases in revenues related to our wireless device protection package.plans.

Operating Expenses
Three Months Ended   Three Months Ended    Nine Months Ended   
March 31,  Increase/September 30,  Increase/ September 30,  Increase/
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
 (Decrease)2019
 2018
 (Decrease) 2019
 2018
 (Decrease)
Cost of services$2,456
 $2,215
 $241
 10.9 %$4,035
 $3,850
 $185
 4.8 % $11,761
 $11,465
 $296
 2.6 %
Cost of equipment5,198
 5,309
 (111) (2.1)
Cost of wireless equipment4,291
 4,379
 (88) (2.0) 12,342
 12,948
 (606) (4.7)
Selling, general and administrative expense4,281
 3,899
 382
 9.8
4,085
 3,947
 138
 3.5
 12,090
 11,426
 664
 5.8
Depreciation and amortization expense2,299
 2,428
 (129) (5.3)2,806
 3,010
 (204) (6.8) 8,581
 8,982
 (401) (4.5)
Total Operating Expenses$14,234
 $13,851
 $383
 2.8
$15,217
 $15,186
 $31
 0.2
 $44,774
 $44,821
 $(47) (0.1)

Cost of Services
Cost of services increased $241$185 million, or 10.9%4.8%, and $296 million, or 2.6%, during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the similar periodperiods in 2018, primarily due to an increaseincreases in rent expense as a result of adding capacity to the networknetworks to support demand and a volume-driven increaseincreases in costs related to the device protection package offered to our wireless retail postpaid customers, whichas well as regulatory fees. These increases were partially offset by a decreasedecreases in employee related costs.employee-related costs primarily due to the Voluntary Separation Program, as well as decreases in access costs and roaming.

Cost of Wireless Equipment
Cost of wireless equipment decreased $111$88 million, or 2.1%2.0%, and $606 million, or 4.7%, during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the similar periodperiods in 2018, primarily as a result of declines in the number of wireless devices sold as a result of an elongation of the handset upgrade cycle. The decrease during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was partially offset by a shift to higher priced devices in the mix of wireless devices sold.


Selling, General and Administrative Expense
Selling, general and administrative expense increased $382$138 million, or 9.8%3.5%, and $664 million, or 5.8%, during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the similar periodperiods in 2018, primarily due to increases in advertising costs, sales commission expense and bad debt expense.expense, and an increase in advertising costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in sales commission expense iswas due to a lower net deferral of commission costs in the current year as compared to the prior year as a result of the adoption of Topic 606 on January 1, 2018 using a modified retrospective approach. The increase wasThese increases were partially offset by a decreasedecreases in employee related costs.employee-related costs primarily due to the Voluntary Separation Program for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation and amortization expense decreased $129$204 million, or 5.3%6.8%, and $401 million, or 4.5%, during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the similar periodperiods in 2018. This decrease was primarily2018, driven by the change in the mix of total Verizon depreciable assets and Consumer's usage of those assets.


Segment Operating Income and EBITDA 
Three Months Ended   Three Months Ended    Nine Months Ended   
March 31,  Increase/September 30,  Increase/ September 30,  Increase/
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
 (Decrease)2019
 2018
 (Decrease) 2019
 2018
 (Decrease)
Segment Operating Income$8,466
 $8,049
 $417
 5.2 %$7,489
 $7,213
 $276
 3.8 % $22,075
 $21,208
 $867
 4.1 %
Add Depreciation and amortization expense2,299
 2,428
 (129) (5.3)2,806
 3,010
 (204) (6.8) 8,581
 8,982
 (401) (4.5)
Segment EBITDA$10,765
 $10,477
 $288
 2.7
$10,295
 $10,223
 $72
 0.7
 $30,656
 $30,190
 $466
 1.5
       
Segment operating income margin37.3% 36.8%    33.0% 32.2%     33.0% 32.1%    
Segment EBITDA margin47.4% 47.8%    45.3% 45.6%     45.9% 45.7%    

The changes in the table above during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, compared to the similar periodperiods in 2018, were primarily a result of the factors described in connection with operating revenues and operating expenses.

WirelineVerizon Business Group
Our Business segment provides wireless and wireline communications services and products, video and data services, corporate networking solutions, security and managed network services, local and long distance voice services and network access to deliver various IoT services and products. We provide these products and services to businesses, government customers and wireless and wireline carriers across the U.S. and select products and services to customers around the world. The Business segment is organized in four customer groups: Global Enterprise, Small and Medium Business, Public Sector and Other, and Wholesale.


Operating Revenues and Selected Operating Statistics
 Three Months Ended     
 March 31,  Increase/
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
 (Decrease)
Consumer Markets$3,153
 $3,150
 $3
 0.1 %
Enterprise Solutions2,140
 2,240
 (100) (4.5)
Partner Solutions1,075
 1,228
 (153) (12.5)
Business Markets828
 871
 (43) (4.9)
Other68
 68
 
 
Total Operating Revenues$7,264
 $7,557
 $(293) (3.9)
        
Connections (‘000):(1)
       
Total voice connections11,453
 12,555
 (1,102) (8.8)
        
Total Broadband connections6,973
 6,966
 7
 0.1
Fios Internet connections6,119
 5,916
 203
 3.4
Fios Video connections4,398
 4,597
 (199) (4.3)
 Three Months Ended      Nine Months Ended     
 September 30,  Increase/ September 30,  Increase/
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
 (Decrease) 2019
 2018
 (Decrease)
Global Enterprise$2,714
 $2,782
 $(68) (2.4)% $8,078
 $8,416
 $(338) (4.0)%
Small and Medium Business2,899
 2,729
 170
 6.2
 8,392
 7,905
 487
 6.2
Public Sector and Other1,472
 1,455
 17
 1.2
 4,435
 4,322
 113
 2.6
Wholesale800
 927
 (127) (13.7) 2,467
 2,884
 (417) (14.5)
Total Operating Revenues (1)
$7,885
 $7,893
 $(8) (0.1) $23,372
 $23,527
 $(155) (0.7)
                
Connections (‘000): (2)
               
Wireless retail postpaid connections        24,732
 23,073
 1,659
 7.2
Fios Internet connections        322
 302
 20
 6.6
Fios video connections        77
 74
 3
 4.1
Broadband connections        492
 506
 (14) (2.8)
Voice connections        5,058
 5,529
 (471) (8.5)
                
Net additions in period (‘000): (3)
               
Wireless retail postpaid408
 364
 44
 12.1
 995
 1,063
 (68) (6.4)
Wireless retail postpaid phones205
 183
 22
 12.0
 496
 494
 2
 0.4
                
Churn Rate:               
Wireless retail postpaid1.22% 1.17%     1.22% 1.16%    
Wireless retail postpaid phones0.98% 0.95%     0.99% 0.95%    
(1) 
Service and other revenues included in our Business segment amounted to approximately $7.0 billion and $20.9 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and approximately $7.1 billion and $21.1 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. Wireless equipment revenues included in our Business segment amounted to approximately $880 million and $2.5 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and approximately $845 million and $2.4 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.
(2)
As of end of period
(3)
Includes certain adjustments

Wireline’sBusiness’s total operating revenues decreased $2930.1%, and $155 million, or 3.9%0.7%, during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, compared to the similar periodperiods in 2018,2018. The decrease for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due to decreases in traditional voice, network and high-speed Internet (HSI) services as a result of technology substitutiondecreases in Global Enterprise and competitionWholesale revenues, partially offset by increases in Small and Medium Business and Public Sector and Other revenues.

Global Enterprise
Global Enterprise offers services to large businesses, which are identified based on their size and volume of business with Verizon, as well as decreases in demand for traditional linear video within our customer groups.non-U.S. public sector customers.

FiosGlobal Enterprise revenues were $3.1 billiondecreased $68 million, or 2.4%, and $338 million, or 4.0%, during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, compared to $3.0 billion during the similar period in 2018. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, our Fios Internet subscriber base increased 3.4% and our Fios Video subscriber base decreased 4.3%,respectively compared to the similar periodperiods in 2018, reflecting increased demand in higher broadband speeds and the ongoing shift from traditional linear video to over-the-top (OTT) offerings.

Service revenues attributable to voice, Fios Video and HSI services declined during the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the similar period in 2018, related to declines of 8.8%, 4.3% and 18.7% in connections, respectively. The decline in voice connections is primarily a result of competition and technology substitution with wireless, competing voice over Internet Protocol (IP) and cable telephony service. The decline in video connections continues to result from the shift in traditional linear video to OTT offerings. The decline in HSI connections was partially offset by an increase in Fios Internet connections driven by the continuing demand for higher speed Internet connectivity.

Consumer Markets
During the first quarter of 2019, Consumer Markets operations provided broadband Internet and video services (including Fios Internet, Fios Video and HSI services) and local and long distance voice services to residential subscribers.

Consumer Markets revenues largely were unchanged during the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the similar period in 2018, related to the continued decline of Fios Video, voice and HSI connections, fully offset by increases in Fios Internet revenues due to subscriber growth and higher value customer mix and advertising revenue.


Consumer Fios revenues increased $80 million, or 2.9%, during the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to a similar period in 2018, which includes advertising revenue earned from Wireless. Fios represented approximately 89% of Consumer Markets revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Enterprise Solutions
During the first quarter of 2019, Enterprise Solutions provided professional and integrated managed services, delivering solutions for large businesses, including multinational corporations, and federal government customers. Enterprise Solutions offered traditional circuit-based network services, and advanced networking solutions including Private IP, Ethernet, and Software-Defined Wide Area Network, along with our traditional voice services and advanced workforce productivity and customer contact center solutions. Our Enterprise Solutions included security services to manage, monitor, and mitigate cyber-attacks.

Enterprise Solutions revenues decreased $100 million, or 4.5%, during the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the similar period in 2018. The decreases during the three months ended March 31, 2019 are primarily due to declines in traditional data and voice communication services as a result of competitive price pressures.

Partner SolutionsSmall and Medium Business
DuringSmall and Medium Business offers wireless services and equipment, tailored voice and networking products, Fios services, IP Networking, advanced voice solutions, security and managed information technology services to our U.S.-based customers that do not meet the first quarterrequirements to be categorized as Global Enterprise.

Small and Medium Business revenues increased $170 million, or 6.2%, and $487 million, or 6.2%, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively compared to the similar periods in 2018. These increases were primarily due to an increase in wireless postpaid service revenue of 9.8% and 11.8% during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, Partner Solutions providedrespectively, as a result of increases in the amount of wireless retail postpaid connections. These increases were further driven by increased wireless equipment revenue resulting from a shift to higher priced units in the mix of wireless devices sold and increases in the number of wireless devices sold, increased revenue related to our wireless device protection package, as well as increased revenue related to Fios services. These revenue increases were partially offset by revenue declines related to the loss of voice and DSL service connections.


For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, Fios revenues totaled $228 million and $684 million, respectively, and increased 12.9% and $87 million, or 14.5%, respectively, compared to the similar periods in 2018, reflecting the increase in total connections, as well as increased demand in higher broadband speeds.

Public Sector and Other
Public Sector and Other offers wireless products and services, as well as wireline connectivity solutions, to U.S. federal, state and local governments and educational institutions. These services include the services offered by Consumer discussed above and business services and connectivity similar to the products and services offered by the Global Enterprise group, in each case, with features and pricing designed to address the needs of governments and educational institutions.

Public Sector and Other revenues increased 1.2%, and $113 million, or 2.6%, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the similar periods in 2018, respectively, due to increases in networking and wireless postpaid service revenue as a result of an increase in wireless retail postpaid connections. Revenues also increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 due to increases in customer premise equipment.

Wholesale
Wholesale offers wireline communications services including data, voice, and local dial tone and broadband services primarily to local, long distance, and otherwireless carriers that use our facilities to provide services to their customers.

Partner SolutionsWholesale revenues decreased $153$127 million, or 12.5%13.7%, and $417 million, or 14.5%, during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, compared to the similar periodperiods in 2018. The decreases during the three months ended March 31, 2019 were primarily2018, respectively, due to declines in core data and traditional voice services resulting from the effect of technology substitution and continuing contraction of market rates due to competition. Data declines were partially offset by growth in higher bandwidth services.

Business Markets
During the first quarter of 2019, Business Markets offered traditional voice and networking products, Fios services, IP Networking, advanced voice solutions, security, and managed IT services to U.S.-based small and medium businesses, state and local governments, and educational institutions.

Business Markets revenues decreased 4.9%, during the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the similar period in 2018. These decreases were primarily due to revenue declines related to the loss of voice services and HSI connections, partially offset by revenue increases related to Fios services.

Operating Expenses
Three Months Ended   Three Months Ended    Nine Months Ended   
March 31,  Increase/September 30,  Increase/ September 30,  Increase/
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
 (Decrease)2019
 2018
 (Decrease) 2019
 2018
 (Decrease)
Cost of services$4,186
 $4,475
 $(289) (6.5)%$2,666
 $2,657
 $9
 0.3 % $7,838
 $8,027
 $(189) (2.4)%
Cost of wireless equipment1,190
 1,110
 80
 7.2
 3,356
 3,247
 109
 3.4
Selling, general and administrative expense1,606
 1,479
 127
 8.6
2,042
 1,900
 142
 7.5
 5,984
 5,694
 290
 5.1
Depreciation and amortization expense1,560
 1,534
 26
 1.7
1,010
 1,072
 (62) (5.8) 3,098
 3,190
 (92) (2.9)
Total Operating Expenses$7,352
 $7,488
 $(136) (1.8)$6,908
 $6,739
 $169
 2.5
 $20,276
 $20,158
 $118
 0.6

Cost of Services
Cost of services increased 0.3%, and decreased $289$189 million, or 6.5%2.4%, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the similar periods in 2018. The increase during the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, compared to the similar period in 2018, was primarily related to a decrease in personnel costs due to aincreases in regulatory fees, which were partially offset by lower headcount and a decrease in access costs resulting from a reduction of voice connections. The decrease during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the similar period in 2018, was primarily due to lower access costs resulting from a reduction of voice connections, which were partiallyas well as lower employee-related costs associated with the lower headcount resulting from the Voluntary Separation Program, offset by increasesan increase in other direct costs.regulatory fees.

Cost of Wireless Equipment
Cost of wireless equipment increased $80 million, or 7.2%, and $109 million, or 3.4%, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the similar periods in 2018, primarily due to a shift to higher priced units in the mix of wireless devices sold and an increase in the number of wireless devices sold.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense
Selling, general and administrative expense increased $127$142 million, or 8.6%7.5%, and $290 million, or 5.1%, during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, compared to the similar periodperiods in 2018. During2018, primarily driven by increases in advertising expenses and sales commission expense, which were partially offset by decreases in employee-related costs resulting from the three months ended March 31, 2019, Selling, general and administrativeVoluntary Separation Program. The increase in sales commission expense increasedwas due to a reserve taken relatedlower net deferral of commission costs in the current year as compared to retirementthe prior year as a result of long lived assets, which was partially offset by decreased selling related costs due to lower advertising spend. In addition, during the three months ended March 31,adoption of Topic 606 on January 1, 2018 we recognizedusing a one-time gain from insignificant transactions, which further led to a year over year increase in Selling, generative and administrative expense.modified retrospective approach.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation and amortization expense increased 1.7%decreased $62 million, or 5.8%, and $92 million, or 2.9%, during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, compared to the similar periodperiods in 2018, primarily due to increasesdriven by the change in netthe mix of total Verizon depreciable assets and Business's usage of those assets.


Segment Operating Income (Loss) and EBITDA 
 Three Months Ended   
 March 31,  Increase/
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
 (Decrease)
Segment Operating Income (Loss)$(88) $69
 $(157) nm
Add Depreciation and amortization expense1,560
 1,534
 26
 1.7 %
Segment EBITDA$1,472
 $1,603
 $(131) (8.2)
        
Segment operating income (loss) margin(1.2)% 0.9%    
Segment EBITDA margin20.3 % 21.2%    

nm - not meaningful
 Three Months Ended    Nine Months Ended   
 September 30,  Increase/ September 30,  Increase/
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
 (Decrease) 2019
 2018
 (Decrease)
Segment Operating Income$977
 $1,154
 $(177) (15.3)% $3,096
 $3,369
 $(273) (8.1)%
Add Depreciation and amortization expense1,010
 1,072
 (62) (5.8)% 3,098
 3,190
 (92) (2.9)
Segment EBITDA$1,987
 $2,226
 $(239) (10.7) $6,194
 $6,559
 $(365) (5.6)
                
Segment operating income margin12.4% 14.6%     13.2% 14.3%    
Segment EBITDA margin25.2% 28.2%     26.5% 27.9%    

The changes in the table above during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, compared to the similar periods in 2018, were primarily a result of the factors described in connection with operating revenues and operating expenses.

Special Items
 Three Months Ended 
 March 31, 
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
Severance, pension and benefits credits   
Other income (expense), net$(96) $
Acquisition and integration related charges   
Selling, general and administrative expense
 105
Depreciation and amortization expense
 2
Early debt redemption costs   
Other income (expense), net
 249
Total$(96) $356

The income and expenses related to special items included in our consolidated results of operations were as follows:
 Three Months Ended 
 March 31, 
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
Within Total Operating Expenses$
 $107
Within Other income (expense), net(96) 249
Total$(96) $356

Severance, Pension and Benefits Credits
During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we recorded a net pre-tax remeasurement credit of $96 million in our pension plans triggered by the Voluntary Separation Program for select U.S.-based management employees and other headcount reduction initiatives, primarily driven by a $150 million credit due to the difference between our estimated return on assets and our actual return on assets, offset by a $54 million charge due to a change in our discount rate assumption used to determine the current year liabilities of our pension plans. Pension and benefit activity was recorded in accordance with our accounting policy to recognize actuarial gains and losses in the period in which they occur.

See Note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our 2019 pension and benefits credits.
 Three Months Ended  Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,  September 30, 
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
 2019
 2018
Severance, pension and benefits charges (credits)       
Selling, general and administrative expense$
 $
 $
 $339
Other income (expense), net291
 (454) 195
 (454)
Acquisition and integration related charges       
Selling, general and administrative expense
 130
 
 344
Depreciation and amortization expense
 7
 
 20
Product realignment charges       
Cost of services
 
 
 303
Selling, general and administrative expense
 
 
 147
Equity in losses of unconsolidated businesses
 
 
 207
Depreciation and amortization expense
 
 
 1
Early debt redemption costs       
Other income (expense), net
 476
 1,544
 725
Net gain from dispositions of assets and businesses       
Selling, general and administrative expense(261) 
 (261) 
Total$30
 $159
 $1,478
 $1,632

The Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA non-GAAP measure presented in the Consolidated Net Income, Consolidated EBITDA and Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA discussion (see "Consolidated Results of Operations") excludes all of the amounts included above, as described below.

The income and expenses related to special items included in our consolidated results of operations were as follows:
 Three Months Ended  Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,  September 30, 
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
 2019
 2018
Within Total Operating Expenses$(261) $137
 $(261) $1,154
Within Equity in losses of unconsolidated businesses
 
 
 207
Within Other income (expense), net291
 22
 1,739
 271
Total$30
 $159
 $1,478
 $1,632

Severance, Pension and Benefits Charges (Credits)
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded a net pre-tax remeasurement loss of $291 million and $195 million, respectively, in our pension plans triggered by the Voluntary Separation Program for select U.S.-based management employees and other headcount reduction initiatives. Pension and benefit activity was recorded in accordance with our accounting policy to recognize actuarial gains and losses in the period in which they occur.

Severance charges recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were recorded in Selling, general and administrative expense and are exclusive of acquisition related severance charges.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded a net pre-tax remeasurement gain of $454 million triggered by the collective bargaining negotiations, primarily driven by a $1.1 billion credit due to a change in our discount rate assumption used to determine the current year liabilities of our pension plans, offset by a $599 million charge due to the difference between our estimated return on assets and our actual return on assets. Pension and benefit activity was recorded in accordance with our accounting policy to recognize actuarial gains and losses in the period in which they occur.
See Note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our 2019 pension and benefits credits described above.charges and credits.

Acquisition and Integration Related Charges
Acquisition and integration related charges recorded during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 primarily related to the acquisition of Yahoo’s operating business in June 2017.

The Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA non-GAAP measure presented inProduct Realignment Charges
Product realignment charges recorded during the Consolidated Net Income, Consolidated EBITDAnine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily related to the discontinuation of the go90 platform and Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA discussion (see "Consolidated Results of Operations") excludes the acquisition and integration related charges described above.associated content.


Early Debt Redemption Costs
During the threenine months ended March 31, 2018,September 30, 2019, we recorded losses on early debt redemptionsredemption costs of $249 million$1.5 billion in connection with the tender offers of notes issued by Verizon with coupon rates ranging from 4.672% to 5.012% and maturity dates ranging from 2054 to 2055.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded early debt redemption costs of $476 million and $725 million, respectively, primarily related to the 2018 September tender offers for 8 series of notes issued by Verizon with coupon rates ranging from 3.850% to 5.012% with maturity dates ranging from 2039 to 2055. In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded losses on early debt redemptions mainly related to the 2018 March tender offers for 13 series of notes issued by Verizon with coupon rates ranging from 1.750% to 5.012% andwith maturity dates ranging from 2021 to 2055.

The Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA non-GAAP measure presentedNet Gain from Dispositions of Assets and Businesses
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded a pre-tax net gain from dispositions of assets and businesses of $261 million in connection with the Consolidated Net Income, Consolidated EBITDAsale of various real estate properties and Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA discussion (see "Consolidated Results of Operations") excludes the early debt redemption costs described above.businesses.

Consolidated Financial Condition
Three Months Ended   Nine Months Ended   
March 31,   September 30,   
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
 Change
2019
 2018
 Change
Cash Flows Provided By (Used In)          
Operating activities$7,081
 $6,648
 $433
$26,748
 $26,244
 $504
Investing activities(4,803) (5,285) 482
(12,157) (13,136) 979
Financing activities(2,657) (1,316) (1,341)(14,301) (12,421) (1,880)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$(379) $47
 $(426)
Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$290
 $687
 $(397)

We use the net cash generated from our operations to fund network expansion and modernization of our networks, service and repay external financing, pay dividends, invest in new businesses and, when appropriate, buy back shares of our outstanding common stock. Our sources of funds, primarily from operations and, to the extent necessary, from external financing arrangements, are sufficient to meet ongoing operating and investing requirements. We expect that our capital spending requirements will continue to be financed primarily through internally generated funds. Debt or equity financing may be needed to fund additional investments or development activities or to maintain an appropriate capital structure to ensure our financial flexibility. Our cash and cash equivalents are held both domestically and internationally, and are invested to maintain principal and provide liquidity. See "Market Risk" for additional information regarding our foreign currency risk management strategies.


Our available external financing arrangements include an active commercial paper program, credit available under credit facilities and other bank lines of credit, vendor financing arrangements, issuances of registered debt or equity securities, U.S. retail medium-term notes and other capital market securities that are privately-placed or offered overseas. In addition, we monetize our device payment plan agreement receivables through asset-backed debt transactions.

Cash Flows Provided By Operating Activities
Our primary source of funds continues to be cash generated from operations. Net cash provided by operating activities increased $433$504 million during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, compared to the similar period in 2018, primarily due to an increase in earnings and a decrease in discretionary contributions to qualified employee benefit plans, partially offset by changes in working capital, which includes an increase in cash income taxes, and severance payments as a result of the Voluntary Separation Program during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, compared to the similar period in 2018. We made $300 million and $1.0$1.7 billion in discretionary employee benefits contributions during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, to our defined benefit pension plan. As a result of the discretionary pension contributions, we expect that there will be no required pension funding until 2024, which will continue to benefit future cash flows. Further, the funded status of our qualified pension plan improved as a result of the contributions.

Cash Flows Used In Investing Activities
Capital Expenditures
Capital expenditures continue to relate primarily to theour use of capital resources to facilitate the introduction of new products and services, enhance our responsiveness to competitive challenges, maintain theour existing infrastructure and increase the operating efficiency and productivity of our networks.

Capital expenditures, including capitalized software, were as follows:
 Three Months Ended 
 March 31, 
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
Wireless$2,044
 $2,367
Wireline1,733
 1,673
Other491
 512
Capital expenditures$4,268
 $4,552
Total as a percentage of revenue13.3% 14.3%
 Nine Months Ended 
 September 30, 
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
Capital expenditures (including capitalized software)$12,332
 $12,026
Total as a percentage of revenue12.7% 12.5%


Capital expenditures decreased at Wirelessincreased during the threenine months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to capital efficiencies from our business excellence initiatives. Capital expenditures increased at Wireline during the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019 primarily due to an increase in investments to support multi-use fiber assets, which support the densification of our 4G LTE network and a continued focus on 5G technology deployment. Our investments are primarily related to network equipmentinfrastructure to support the business.

Acquisitions
In 2019, the FCC completed two millimeter wave spectrum license auctions. Through September 30, 2019, we paid cash deposits of approximately $521 million for spectrum licenses in connection with these auctions. See Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.

During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, we completed various other acquisitions for an insignificant amount of cash consideration.

Disposition
During 2019, we received gross proceeds of approximately $1.0 billionfor a sale-leaseback transaction for buildings and real estate. See Note 5 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Cash Flows Used In Financing Activities
We seek to maintain a mix of fixed and variable rate debt to lower borrowing costs within reasonable risk parameters and to protect against earnings and cash flow volatility resulting from changes in market conditions. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019 and 2018, net cash used in financing activities was $2.7$14.3 billion and $1.3$12.4 billion, respectively.

During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, our net cash used in financing activities of $2.7$14.3 billion was primarily driven by repayments, redemptions and repurchases of long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations of $3.0$12.5 billion, cash dividends of $2.5$7.5 billion, and repayments of asset-backed long-term borrowings of $813 million.$5.3 billion. These uses of cash were partially offset by proceeds from long-term borrowings of $2.1$8.4 billion and proceeds from asset-backed long-term borrowings of $1.1$4.0 billion.

At March 31,September 30, 2019, our total debt increased to $113.7of $109.6 billion compared toincluded unsecured debt of $100.8 billion and secured debt of $8.8 billion. At December 31, 2018, our total debt of $113.1 billion at December 31, 2018.included unsecured debt of $103.0 billion and secured debt of $10.1 billion. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019 and 2018, our effective interest rate was 4.8% and 4.7% respectively.. See Note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our debt activity.


Verizon may continue to acquire debt securities issued by Verizon and its affiliates in the future through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, tender offers, exchange offers, or otherwise, upon such terms and at such prices as Verizon may from time to time determine for cash or other consideration.

Asset-Backed Debt
Cash collections on the device payment plan agreement receivables collateralizing our asset-backed debt securities are required at certain specified times to be placed into segregated accounts. Deposits to the segregated accounts are considered restricted cash and are included in Prepaid expenses and other and Other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Proceeds from our asset-backed debt transactions are reflected in Cash flows from financing activities in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. The asset-backed debt issued and the assets securing this debt are included in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Other, net
Other, net financing activities during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019 includes $600$526 million in short term uncommitted credit facility borrowing.premium paid due to early extinguishment of debt.

Credit Facilities
As of March 31,September 30, 2019, the unused borrowing capacity under our $9.5 billion credit facility was approximately $9.4 billion. The credit facility does not require us to comply with financial covenants or maintain specified credit ratings, and it permits us to borrow even if our business has incurred a material adverse change. We use the credit facility for the issuance of letters of credit and for general corporate purposes.

In March 2016, we entered into a $1.0 billion credit facility insured by Eksportkreditnamnden, Stockholm, Sweden, the Swedishan export credit agency.agency, with a maturity date of December 2024. As of March 31,September 30, 2019, the outstanding balance was $706$647 million. We used this credit facility to finance network equipment-related purchases.

In July 2017, we entered into credit facilities insured by various export credit agencies providing us with the ability to borrow up to $4.0 billion to finance equipment-related purchases.purchases with maturity dates ranging from July 2022 to May 2027. The facilities have multiple borrowings available, portions of which extend through October 2019 contingent upon the amount of eligible equipment-related purchases that we make. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, we drew $424$874 million from these facilities. As of March 31,September 30, 2019, we had an outstanding balance of $3.1$3.4 billion.

Dividends
As in prior periods, dividend payments were a significant use of capital resources. We paid $2.5$7.5 billion and $2.4$7.3 billion in cash dividends during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.


Covenants
Our credit agreements contain covenants that are typical for large, investment grade companies. These covenants include requirements to pay interest and principal in a timely fashion, pay taxes, maintain insurance with responsible and reputable insurance companies, preserve our corporate existence, keep appropriate books and records of financial transactions, maintain our properties, provide financial and other reports to our lenders, limit pledging and disposition of assets and mergers and consolidations, and other similar covenants.

We and our consolidated subsidiaries are in compliance with all of our restrictive covenants.

Change In Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Our Cash and cash equivalents at March 31,September 30, 2019 totaled $2.3$3.0 billion, a $423$275 million decreaseincrease compared to December 31, 2018, primarily as a result of the factors discussed above.

Restricted cash totaled $1.2 billion at both March 31,September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, primarily related to cash collections on the device payment plan agreement receivables that are required at certain specified times to be placed into segregated accounts.

Free Cash Flow
Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure that reflects an additional way of viewing our liquidity that, when viewed with our GAAP results, provides a more complete understanding of factors and trends affecting our cash flows. Free cash flow is calculated by subtracting capital expenditures from net cash provided by operating activities. We believe it is a more conservative measure of cash flow since purchases of fixed assets are necessary for ongoing operations. Free cash flow has limitations due to the fact that it does not represent the residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures. For example, free cash flow does not incorporate payments made on finance lease obligations or cash payments for business acquisitions. Therefore, we believe it is important to view free cash flow as a complement to our entire condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.


The following table reconciles net cash provided by operating activities to free cash flow:
Three Months Ended   Nine Months Ended   
March 31,   September 30,   
(dollars in millions)2019
 2018
 Change
2019
 2018
 Change
Net cash provided by operating activities$7,081
 $6,648
 $433
$26,748
 $26,244
 $504
Less Capital expenditures (including capitalized software)4,268
 4,552
 (284)12,332
 12,026
 306
Free cash flow$2,813
 $2,096
 $717
$14,416
 $14,218
 $198

The increase in free cash flow during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2019, compared to the similar period in 2018, is a reflection of the increase in operating cash flows, and decreasepartially offset by the increase in capital expenditures discussed above.

Market Risk
We are exposed to various types of market risk in the normal course of business, including the impact of interest rate changes, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, changes in investment, equity and commodity prices and changes in corporate tax rates. We employ risk management strategies, which may include the use of a variety of derivatives including, but not limited to, cross currency swaps, forward starting interest rate swaps, interest rate swaps, interest rate caps and foreign exchange forwards. We do not hold derivatives for trading purposes.

It is our general policy to enter into interest rate, foreign currency and other derivative transactions only to the extent necessary to achieve our desired objectives in optimizing exposure to various market risks. Our objectives include maintaining a mix of fixed and variable rate debt to lower borrowing costs within reasonable risk parameters and to protect against earnings and cash flow volatility resulting from changes in market conditions. We do not hedge our market risk exposure in a manner that would completely eliminate the effect of changes in interest rates and foreign exchange rates on our earnings.

Counterparties to our derivative contracts are major financial institutions with whom we have negotiated derivatives agreements (ISDA master agreements) and credit support annex (CSA) agreements which provide rules for collateral exchange. Negotiations and executions of new ISDA master agreements and CSA agreements with our counterparties continued throughout 2018 and 2019. The newly executed CSA agreements contain rating based thresholds such that we or our counterparties may be required to hold or post collateral based upon changes in outstanding positions as compared to established thresholds and changes in credit ratings. At March 31,September 30, 2019, we postedheld an insignificant amount of collateral and approximately $83 million of collateral at December 31, 2018, we posted approximately $0.1 billion of collateral related to derivative contracts under collateral exchange arrangements, which were recorded as Other current liabilities and Prepaid expenses and other, respectively, in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. While we may be exposed to credit losses due to the nonperformance of our counterparties, we consider the risk remote and do not expect that any such nonperformance would result in a significant effect on our results of operations or financial condition due to our diversified pool of counterparties. See Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the derivative portfolio.


Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to changes in interest rates, primarily on our short-term debt and the portion of long-term debt that carries floating interest rates. As of March 31,September 30, 2019, approximately 79%81% of the aggregate principal amount of our total debt portfolio consisted of fixed rate indebtedness, including the effect of interest rate swap agreements designated as hedges. The impact of a 100-basis-point change in interest rates affecting our floating rate debt would result in a change in annual interest expense, including our interest rate swap agreements that are designated as hedges, of approximately $258$217 million. The interest rates on our existing long-term debt obligations are unaffected by changes to our credit ratings.

Certain of our floating rate debt and our interest rate derivative transactions utilize interest rates that are linked to the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR) as the benchmark rate.  LIBOR is the subject of recent U.S. and international regulatory guidance and proposals for reform.  These reforms and other pressures may cause LIBOR to become unavailable or to perform or be reported differently than in the past.  The consequences of these developments cannot be entirely predicted but could include an increase in the cost of our floating rate debt or exposure under our interest rate derivative transactions.  We do not anticipate a significant impact to our financial position given our current mix of variable and fixed-rate debt, taking into account the impact of our interest rate hedging.

Interest Rate Swaps
We enter into interest rate swaps to achieve a targeted mix of fixed and variable rate debt. We principally receive fixed rates and pay variable rates based on the London Interbank Offered Rate, resulting in a net increase or decrease to Interest expense. These swaps are designated as fair value hedges and hedge against interest rate risk exposure of designated debt issuances. At March 31,September 30, 2019, the fair value of the asset and liability of these contracts were $100$849 million and $361$212 million, respectively. At December 31, 2018, the fair value of the asset and liability of these contracts were insignificant and $813 million, respectively. At March 31,September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the total notional amount of the interest rate swaps was $19.1$17.0 billion and $19.8 billion, respectively.


Forward Starting Interest Rate Swaps
We have entered into forward starting interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges in order to manage our exposure to interest rate changes on future forecasted transactions. At March 31,September 30, 2019, the fair value of the liability of these contracts was $242$886 million. At December 31, 2018, the fair value of the liability of these contracts was $60 million. At March 31,September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the total notional amount of the forward starting interest rate swaps was $3.0 billion and $4.0 billion, respectively.

Interest Rate Caps
We also have interest rate caps which we use as an economic hedge but for which we have elected not to apply hedge accounting. We enter into interest rate caps to mitigate our interest exposure to interest rate increases on our ABS Financing Facilities and ABS Notes. The fair value of the asset and liability of these contracts were insignificant at both March 31,September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. At March 31,September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the total notional value of these contracts was $1.6 billion$975 million and $2.2 billion, respectively.

Foreign Currency Translation
The functional currency for our foreign operations is primarily the local currency. The translation of income statement and balance sheet amounts of our foreign operations into U.S. dollars is recorded as cumulative translation adjustments, which are included in Accumulated other comprehensive income in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of income in Other income (expense), net. At March 31,September 30, 2019, our primary translation exposure was to the British Pound Sterling, Euro, Australian Dollar and Japanese Yen.

Cross Currency Swaps
We have entered into cross currency swaps designated as cash flow hedges to exchange our British Pound Sterling, Euro, Swiss Franc and Australian Dollar-denominated cash flows into U.S. dollars and to fix our cash payments in U.S. dollars, as well as to mitigate the impact of foreign currency transaction gains or losses. The fair value of the asset of these contracts was $215$79 million at March 31,September 30, 2019 and $220 million at December 31, 2018. At March 31,September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the fair value of the liability of these contracts was $519 million$1.4 billion and $536 million, respectively. TheAt September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the total notional amount of the cross currency swaps was $22.2 billion and $16.6 billion, at both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.respectively.

Foreign Exchange Forwards
We also have foreign exchange forwards which we use as an economic hedge but for which we have elected not to apply hedge accounting. We enter into British Pound Sterling and Euro foreign exchange forwards to mitigate our foreign exchange rate risk related to non-functional currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities of international subsidiaries. At March 31,September 30, 2019, the fair value of the liability of these contracts was insignificant. At March 31,September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the total notional amount of the foreign exchange forwards was $1.0$1.1 billion and $600 million, respectively.

Acquisitions and Divestitures
Spectrum License Transactions
From time to time, we enter into agreements to buy, sell or exchange spectrum licenses. We believe these spectrum license transactions have allowed us to continue to enhance the reliability of our wireless network, while also resulting in a more efficient use of spectrum. See Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Other
From time to time, we enter into strategic agreements to acquire various other businesses and investments. See Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.


Other Factors That May Affect Future Results
Regulatory and Competitive Trends
There have been no material changes to Regulatory and Competitive Trends as previously disclosed in Part I, Item I. "Business" included in our AnnualCurrent Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.8-K dated August 8, 2019.

Environmental Matters
Reserves have been established to cover environmental matters relating to discontinued businesses and past telecommunications activities. These reserves include funds to address contamination at the site of a former Sylvania facility in Hicksville, NY, which had processed nuclear fuel rods in the 1950s and 1960s. In September 2005, the Army Corps of Engineers (ACE) accepted the site into its Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program. As a result, the ACE has taken primary responsibility for addressing the contamination at the site. An adjustment to the reserves may be made after a cost allocation is conducted with respect to the past and future expenses of all of the parties. Adjustments to the environmental reserve may also be made based upon the actual conditions found at other sites requiring remediation.


Recently Issued Accounting Standards
See Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of recently issued accounting standard updates not yet adopted as of March 31,September 30, 2019.

 Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements
In this report we have made forward-looking statements. These statements are based on our estimates and assumptions and are subject to risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements include the information concerning our possible or assumed future results of operations. Forward-looking statements also include those preceded or followed by the words "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "expects," "hopes" or similar expressions. For those statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements, except as required by law. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.

The following important factors, along with those discussed elsewhere in this report and in other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), could affect future results and could cause those results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements:

adverse conditions in the U.S. and international economies;

the effects of competition in the markets in which we operate;

material changes in technology or technology substitution;

disruption of our key suppliers’ provisioning of products or services;

changes in the regulatory environment in which we operate, including any increase in restrictions on our ability to operate our networks;

breaches of network or information technology security, natural disasters, terrorist attacks or acts of war or significant litigation and any resulting financial impact not covered by insurance;

our high level of indebtedness;

an adverse change in the ratings afforded our debt securities by nationally accredited ratings organizations or adverse conditions in the credit markets affecting the cost, including interest rates, and/or availability of further financing;

material adverse changes in labor matters, including labor negotiations, and any resulting financial and/or operational impact;

significant increases in benefit plan costs or lower investment returns on plan assets;

changes in tax laws or treaties, or in their interpretation;

changes in accounting assumptions that regulatory agencies, including the SEC, may require or that result from changes in the accounting rules or their application, which could result in an impact on earnings;

the inability to implement our business strategies; and

the inability to realize the expected benefits of strategic transactions.


Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Information relating to market risk is included in Item 2, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations under the caption "Market Risk."


Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, that ensure that information relating to the registrant which is required to be disclosed in this report is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within required time periods using the criteria for effective internal control established in Internal Control–Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31,September 30, 2019.

In the ordinary course of business, we routinely review our system of internal control over financial reporting and make changes to our systems and processes that are intended to ensure an effective internal control environment. We have completed the implementation of internal controls in connection with the new lease accounting standard, which we adopted effective January 1, 2019. In addition, we modified certain internal controls in connection with the new segment reporting structure, which was effective as of April 1, 2019. Other than the above-noted changes, thereThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the firstthird quarter of 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II – Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
In October 2013, the California Attorney General’s Office notified certain Verizon companies of potential violations of California state hazardous waste statutes primarily arising from the disposal of electronic components, batteries and aerosol cans at certain California facilities. We are cooperating with this investigation and continue to review our operations relating to the management of hazardous waste. While penalties relating to the alleged violations could exceed $100,000, we do not expect that any penalties ultimately incurred will be material.

See Note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding legal proceedings.

Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes to our risk factors as previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A. ofincluded in our Annual Report on Form 10-K10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
In March 2017, the Verizon Board of Directors authorized a share buyback program to repurchase up to 100 million shares of the Company’s common stock. The program will terminate when the aggregate number of shares purchased reaches 100 million, or at the close of business on February 28, 2020, whichever is sooner. Under the program, shares may be repurchased in privately negotiated transactions and on the open market, including through plans complying with Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act. The timing and number of shares purchased under the program, if any, will depend on market conditions and the Company’s capital allocation priorities.

Verizon did not repurchase any shares of Verizon common stock during the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2019. At March 31,September 30, 2019, the maximum number of shares that could be purchased by or on behalf of Verizon under our share buyback program was 100 million.


Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit
Number
 Description
10aVerizon Communications Inc. Short-Term Incentive Plan.
10bForm of 2019 Performance Stock Unit Agreement pursuant to the 2017 Verizon Communications Inc. Long-Term
Incentive Plan.
10cForm of 2019 Restricted Stock Unit Agreement pursuant to the 2017 Verizon Communications Inc. Long-Term
Incentive Plan.
   
31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
   
31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  
32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  
32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  
101.INS XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.
  
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
  
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document.
  
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document.
  
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document.
  
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101).

Signature
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

  VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC.
   
Date: April 26,October 30, 2019 By /s/ Anthony T. Skiadas
    Anthony T. Skiadas
    Senior Vice President and Controller
    (Principal Accounting Officer)

Exhibit
Number
 Description
Verizon Communications Inc. Short-Term Incentive Plan.
Form of 2019 Performance Stock Unit Agreement pursuant to the 2017 Verizon Communications Inc. Long-Term
Incentive Plan.
Form of 2019 Restricted Stock Unit Agreement pursuant to the 2017 Verizon Communications Inc. Long-Term
Incentive Plan.
   
 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  
 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  
 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  
 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  
101.INS XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.
  
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
  
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document.
  
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document.
  
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document.
  
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
   
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101).




4956