UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

 (Mark One)
xQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended March 31,September 30, 2017

 OR
¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from                to               
 
Commission file number 333-1173
 
GREAT-WEST LIFE & ANNUITY INSURANCE COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
COLORADO 84-0467907
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
 
8515 EAST ORCHARD ROAD, GREENWOOD VILLAGE, CO 80111
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(303) 737-3000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
 
Yes x         No ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
 
Yes x         No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act. 
Large accelerated filer ¨
Accelerated filer ¨
Non-accelerated filer x
Smaller reporting company ¨
Emerging growth company
¨
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act.
 
Yes ¨         ��      No x
 
As of May 12,November 9, 2017, 7,292,708 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding, all of which were owned by the registrant’s parent company.


Table of Contents
   Page
   Number
Part I 
 Item 1
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 Item 2
 Item 3
 Item 4
    
Part II
 Item 1
 Item 1A
 Item 6
    
  



Part I     Financial Information
Item1.    Interim Financial Statements


 GREAT-WEST LIFE & ANNUITY INSURANCE COMPANY
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
March 31,September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016
(In Thousands, Except Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
 March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Assets  
  
  
  
Investments:  
  
  
  
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost $21,427,802 and $21,672,727) $22,042,336
 $22,153,703
Fixed maturities, held-for-trading, at fair value (amortized cost $183,595 and $519,495) 185,617
 514,738
Mortgage loans on real estate (net of allowances of $1,309 and $2,882) 3,844,931
 3,558,826
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost $22,125,948 and $21,672,727) $23,012,869
 $22,153,703
Fixed maturities, held-for-trading, at fair value (amortized cost $59,034 and $519,495) 60,328
 514,738
Mortgage loans on real estate (net of allowances of $773 and $2,882) 3,943,088
 3,558,826
Policy loans 4,016,844
 4,019,648
 4,073,511
 4,019,648
Short-term investments (amortized cost $744,063 and $303,988) 744,063
 303,988
Short-term investments (amortized cost $823,071 and $303,988) 823,071
 303,988
Limited partnership and other corporation interests 37,948
 34,895
 45,117
 34,895
Other investments 14,529
 15,052
 20,037
 15,052
Total investments 30,886,268
 30,600,850
 31,978,021
 30,600,850
        
Other assets:  
  
  
  
Cash and cash equivalents
 12,920
 18,321
 20,495
 18,321
Reinsurance recoverable 597,096
 598,864
 591,805
 598,864
Deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”) and value of business acquired (“VOBA”) 490,487
 486,690
 461,348
 486,690
Investment income due and accrued 315,826
 287,681
 316,895
 287,681
Collateral under securities lending agreements 94,531
 
 74,795
 
Due from parent and affiliates 86,834
 81,995
 92,217
 81,995
Goodwill 137,683
 137,683
 137,683
 137,683
Other intangible assets 19,297
 20,087
 17,808
 20,087
Other assets 1,014,949
 1,021,210
 934,655
 1,021,210
Assets of discontinued operations 17,213
 17,652
 16,865
 17,652
Separate account assets 27,597,906
 27,037,765
 27,866,779
 27,037,765
Total assets $61,271,010
 $60,308,798
 $62,509,366
 $60,308,798
 
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements. (Continued)



GREAT-WEST LIFE & ANNUITY INSURANCE COMPANY
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
March 31,September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016
(In Thousands, Except Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
 March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Liabilities and stockholder’s equity  
  
  
  
Policy benefit liabilities:  
  
  
  
Future policy benefits $29,230,356
 $28,872,899
 $29,881,799
 $28,872,899
Policy and contract claims 384,990
 372,259
 386,556
 372,259
Policyholders’ funds 241,167
 285,554
 245,007
 285,554
Provision for policyholders’ dividends 48,070
 49,521
 48,847
 49,521
Undistributed earnings on participating business 16,000
 15,573
 15,742
 15,573
Total policy benefit liabilities 29,920,583
 29,595,806
 30,577,951
 29,595,806
        
General liabilities:  
  
  
  
Due to parent and affiliates 539,884
 537,990
 538,452
 537,990
Commercial paper 98,645
 99,049
 99,868
 99,049
Payable under securities lending agreements 94,531
 
 74,795
 
Deferred income tax liabilities, net 230,519
 191,911
 297,684
 191,911
Other liabilities 737,179
 816,304
 776,075
 816,304
Liabilities of discontinued operations 17,213
 17,652
 16,865
 17,652
Separate account liabilities 27,597,906
 27,037,765
 27,866,779
 27,037,765
Total liabilities 59,236,460
 58,296,477
 60,248,469
 58,296,477
        
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 12) 

 

 

 

        
Stockholder’s equity:  
  
  
  
Preferred stock, $1 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding 
 
 
 
Common stock, $1 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized; 7,292,708 shares issued and outstanding 7,293
 7,293
 7,293
 7,293
Additional paid-in capital 863,451
 863,031
 940,616
 863,031
Accumulated other comprehensive income 299,854
 235,875
 420,930
 235,875
Retained earnings 863,952
 906,122
 892,058
 906,122
Total stockholder’s equity 2,034,550
 2,012,321
 2,260,897
 2,012,321
Total liabilities and stockholder’s equity $61,271,010
 $60,308,798
 $62,509,366
 $60,308,798
 
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements. (Concluded)



GREAT-WEST LIFE & ANNUITY INSURANCE COMPANY
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
Three and Nine Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2017, and 2016
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
 Three Months Ended March 31, Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
Revenues:  
  
  
  
    
Premium income $152,241
 $154,927
 $145,504
 $146,100
 $365,408
 $377,845
Fee income 255,116
 225,067
 264,304
 246,413
 786,758
 709,844
Other revenue 2,384
 3,149
 3,322
 3,228
 9,367
 9,747
Net investment income 313,471
 331,785
 300,582
 291,539
 911,274
 979,080
Realized investment gains (losses), net:  
  
  
  
  
  
Total other-than-temporary gains (losses), net 
 (536) (2,969) 
 (3,126) (536)
Other realized investment gains (losses), net (11,754) 31,806
 16,830
 33,374
 27,297
 107,193
Total realized investment gains (losses), net (11,754) 31,270
 13,861
 33,374
 24,171
 106,657
Total revenues 711,458
 746,198
 727,573
 720,654
 2,096,978
 2,183,173
Benefits and expenses:  
  
  
  
    
Life and other policy benefits 170,289
 186,636
 161,017
 172,855
 498,300
 529,985
Increase (decrease) in future policy benefits 126
 (14,015) 12,704
 7,540
 (51,148) (75,221)
Interest credited or paid to contractholders 153,946
 148,310
 160,040
 154,248
 471,531
 455,018
Provision for policyholders’ share of (losses) earnings on participating business (2) (169)
Provision for policyholders’ share of losses on participating business (1,033) (106) (1,097) (525)
Dividends to policyholders 15,069
 15,981
 11,513
 12,324
 35,627
 37,619
Total benefits 339,428
 336,743
 344,241
 346,861
 953,213
 946,876
General insurance expenses 307,131
 276,528
 293,176
 307,329
 884,670
 878,367
Amortization of DAC and VOBA 5,322
 539
 14,076
 3,504
 39,798
 40,397
Interest expense 7,630
 9,724
 7,811
 7,648
 23,087
 26,051
Total benefits and expenses 659,511
 623,534
 659,304
 665,342
 1,900,768
 1,891,691
Income before income taxes 51,947
 122,664
 68,269
 55,312
 196,210
 291,482
Income tax expense 17,117
 24,038
 21,688
 15,295
 64,973
 79,043
Net income $34,830
 $98,626
 $46,581
 $40,017
 $131,237
 $212,439
 
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.



GREAT-WEST LIFE & ANNUITY INSURANCE COMPANY
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Three and Nine Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2017, and 2016
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
 Three Months Ended March 31, Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
Net income $34,830
 $98,626
 $46,581
 $40,017
 $131,237
 $212,439
Components of other comprehensive income  
  
  
  
  
  
Unrealized holding gains (losses), net, arising on available-for-sale fixed maturity investments 130,229
 446,610
 39,983
 55,849
 407,208
 895,589
Unrealized holding gains (losses), net, arising on cash flow hedges (6,955) (1,604) (23,111) (7,805) (48,311) (3,307)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses, net, realized in net income 1,475
 (22,456) (2,885) (10,284) (3,242) (61,375)
Net unrealized gains (losses) related to investments 124,749
 422,550
 13,987
 37,760
 355,655
 830,907
Future policy benefits, DAC and VOBA adjustments (28,466) (76,240) (1,977) (18,214) (85,992) (190,985)
Employee benefit plan adjustment 2,146
 2,234
 10,744
 2,494
 15,036
 6,962
Other comprehensive income before income taxes 98,429
 348,544
 22,754
 22,040
 284,699
 646,884
Income tax expense related to items of other comprehensive income 34,450
 121,991
 7,963
 7,715
 99,644
 226,410
Other comprehensive income(1)
 63,979
 226,553
 14,791
 14,325
 185,055
 420,474
Total comprehensive income $98,809
 $325,179
 $61,372
 $54,342
 $316,292
 $632,913

(1) Other comprehensive income includes the non-credit component of impaired gains (losses), net, on fixed maturities available-for-sale in the amounts of $(1,089)$(2,258) and $(1,895)$(959) for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, and 2016, respectively and $(3,867) and $(5,326) for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, respectively.
 
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.



GREAT-WEST LIFE & ANNUITY INSURANCE COMPANY
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholder’s Equity
ThreeNine Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2017, and 2016
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
                    
 
Common
stock
 
Additional
paid-in
capital
 
Accumulated
 other
comprehensive
income
 
Retained
earnings
 Total 
Common
stock
 
Additional
paid-in
capital
 
Accumulated
 other
comprehensive
income
 
Retained
earnings
 Total
Balances, January 1, 2017 $7,293
 $863,031
 $235,875
 $906,122
 $2,012,321
 $7,293
 $863,031
 $235,875
 $906,122
 $2,012,321
Net income 
 
 
 34,830
 34,830
 
 
 
 131,237
 131,237
Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes 
 
 63,979
 
 63,979
 
 
 185,055
 
 185,055
Dividends 
 
 
 (77,000) (77,000) 
 
 
 (145,301) (145,301)
Capital contribution(1)
 
 76,429
 
 
 76,429
Capital contribution - stock-based compensation 
 420
 
 
 420
 
 1,156
 
 
 1,156
Balances, March 31, 2017 $7,293
 $863,451
 $299,854
 $863,952
 $2,034,550
Balances, September 30, 2017 $7,293
 $940,616
 $420,930
 $892,058
 $2,260,897

(1) In May 2017, the Company received a capital contribution from its parent, GWL&A Financial, in the amount of $76,429. No additional shares of the Company were issued in relation to this contribution.

 Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
                    
 
Common
stock
 
Additional
paid-in
capital
 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income
 
Retained
earnings
 Total 
Common
stock
 
Additional
paid-in
capital
 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income
 
Retained
earnings
 Total
Balances, January 1, 2016 $7,233
 $840,874
 $233,438
 $800,721
 $1,882,266
 $7,233
 $840,874
 $233,438
 $800,721
 $1,882,266
Net income 
 
 
 98,626
 98,626
 
 
 
 212,439
 212,439
Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes 
 
 226,553
 
 226,553
 
 
 420,474
 
 420,474
Dividends 
 
 
 (73,401) (73,401) 
 
 
 (125,691) (125,691)
Capital contribution - stock-based compensation 
 534
 
 
 534
 
 1,637
 
 
 1,637
Income tax benefit on stock-based compensation 
 141
 
 
 141
 
 468
 
 
 468
Balances, March 31, 2016 $7,233
 $841,549
 $459,991
 $825,946
 $2,134,719
Balances, September 30, 2016 $7,233
 $842,979
 $653,912
 $887,469
 $2,391,593
 
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.



GREAT-WEST LIFE & ANNUITY INSURANCE COMPANY
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
ThreeNine Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2017, and 2016
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
 Three Months Ended March 31, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Net cash provided by operating activities $361,764
 $142,740
 $711,382
 $559,668
        
Cash flows from investing activities:  
  
  
  
Proceeds from sales, maturities and redemptions of investments:  
  
  
  
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale 1,825,006
 1,983,974
 3,920,591
 4,829,009
Mortgage loans on real estate 54,480
 92,302
 322,326
 310,664
Limited partnership interests, other corporation interests and other investments 1,426
 2,567
 6,759
 9,386
Purchases of investments:  
  
  
  
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale (1,599,114) (1,818,569) (4,313,849) (4,138,915)
Mortgage loans on real estate (335,324) (117,720) (689,122) (626,431)
Limited partnership interests, other corporation interests and other investments (4,555) (1,593) (17,697) (5,491)
Net change in short-term investments (439,510) (546,036) (517,840) (1,988,191)
Net change in policy loans 279
 (29) (9,677) 5,980
Purchases of furniture, equipment, and software (9,978) (12,064) (30,867) (33,405)
Net cash used in investing activities (507,290) (417,168) (1,329,376) (1,637,394)
        
Cash flows from financing activities:  
  
  
  
Contract deposits 778,744
 851,509
 2,251,508
 2,756,047
Contract withdrawals (543,572) (510,660) (1,565,225) (1,500,963)
Net change in due to/from parent and affiliates (2,921) (11,274) (9,760) (19,924)
Dividends paid (77,000) (73,401) (145,301) (125,691)
Capital contribution 76,429
 
Payments for and interest paid on financing element derivatives, net (1,870) (3,000) (3,290) (5,281)
Contingent consideration 
 (14,233)
Net change in commercial paper borrowings (404) 5,800
 819
 6,600
Net change in book overdrafts (12,672) 92
 15,659
 121
Employee taxes paid for withheld shares (180) (433) (671) (489)
Income tax benefit on share-based compensation 
 141
 
 468
Net cash provided by financing activities 140,125
 258,774
 620,168
 1,096,655
        
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (5,401) (15,654)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 2,174
 18,929
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 18,321
 34,362
 18,321
 34,362
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $12,920
 $18,708
 $20,495
 $53,291
 
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements. (Continued)


GREAT-WEST LIFE & ANNUITY INSURANCE COMPANY
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
ThreeNine Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2017, and 2016
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
 Three Months Ended March 31, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:  
    
  
Net cash paid during the year for:  
  
Net cash received (paid) during the year for:  
  
Income taxes $(3,139) $(8,305) $(17,449) $(24,118)
Interest (3,199) (140) (16,447) (21,685)
        
Non-cash investing and financing transactions during the years:        
Share-based compensation expense $420
 $534
 $1,156
 $1,637
Fair value of assets acquired in settlement of fixed maturity investments 9,323
 
 
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements. (Concluded)


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Table of Contents
GREAT-WEST LIFE & ANNUITY INSURANCE COMPANY
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)




1.  Organization and Basis of Presentation
 
Organization
 
Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Company (“GWLA”) and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) is a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of GWL&A Financial Inc. (“GWL&A Financial”), a holding company formed in 1998.  GWL&A Financial is a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Great-West Lifeco U.S. LLC (“Lifeco U.S.”) and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Great-West Lifeco Inc. (“Lifeco”), a Canadian holding company.  The Company offers a wide range of life insurance, retirement, and investment products to individuals, businesses, and other private and public organizations throughout the United States. The Company is an insurance company domiciled in the State of Colorado and is subject to regulation by the Colorado Division of Insurance.
 
Basis of Presentation
 
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the accounts of its subsidiaries over which it exercises control and are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).  Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016, which was derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements, and the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, have been prepared in accordance with the instructions for Form 10-Q.  In compliance with those instructions, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted.  As such, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
 
In the opinion of management, these statements include all normal recurring adjustments necessary to fairly present the Company’s condensed consolidated results of operations, financial position, and cash flows as of March 31,September 30, 2017, and for all periods presented. The condensed consolidated results of operations and condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, are not necessarily indicative of the results or cash flows expected for the full year.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

2.  Application of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The new guidance is effective for the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods, within those fiscal years, and requires a modified retrospective, a retrospective or a prospective transition approach depending upon the type of change. The new guidance changed several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment award transactions, including: (i) income tax consequences when awards vest or are settled; (ii) classification of awards as either equity or liabilities due to statutory tax withholding requirements; and (iii) classification on the statement of cash flows. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.





10

Table of Contents
GREAT-WEST LIFE & ANNUITY INSURANCE COMPANY
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



Future adoption of new accounting pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers(“ASU 2014-09”), effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance may be applied retrospectively for all periods presented or retrospectively with a cumulative-effect adjustment at the date of adoption. The new guidance will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP; however, it will not impact the accounting for insurance and investment contracts within the scope of financial services insurance, leases, financial instruments and guarantees. The core principle of the model requires that an entity recognizes revenue for the transfer of goods or services equal to the amount that it expects to be entitled to receive for those goods or services. The update also requires increased disclosure about the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts.

The Company’s implementation efforts are primarily focused on certaincustomer contracts with fee income earned from assets under management, assets under administration, shareholder servicing, administration and recordkeeping services, and investment advisory services as well as the evaluation of certain incremental costs to obtain a customer contract. The Company anticipates that the adoption of this update will primarily impact the accounting for certain contract costs and contract fulfillment costs, which are tocurrently expensed as incurred. Under the new standard, these costs will be deferred and recognized as expenses over the expected customer life. TheWhile the Company continues to evaluate the impactmake progress in its assessment and implementation of this update, it has not yet finalized a range of the potential quantitative impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.statements or whether the Company will adopt on a prospective or retrospective basis.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years.  Early adoption is permitted for the instrument-specific credit risk provision. The amendments in this update address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments by requiring equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, eliminating certain disclosure requirements related to financial instruments measured at amortized cost and adding disclosures related to the measurement categories of financial assets and financial liabilities, requiring entities to present separately in other comprehensive income the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk (i.e. “own credit”) when the entity has elected the fair value option for financial instruments, and clarifying that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity’s other deferred tax assets.  The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this update on its condensed consolidated financial statements and anticipates the primary changeimpact to be the requirement for equity investments such as limited partnership interests, that are currently accounted for under the cost method, to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized in net income.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. Earlier application is permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual period. This update requires organizations to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet with lease terms of more than 12 months and also disclose certain qualitative and quantitative information about leasing arrangements. The Company’s implementation efforts are primarily focused on the review of its existing lease contracts and performing a completeness assessment over the lease population. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this update on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments: Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. This update amends guidance on the impairment of financial instruments by adding an impairment model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses and is intended to result in more timely recognition of losses. The standard also simplifies the accounting by decreasing the number of credit impairment models that an entity can use to account for debt instruments. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this update on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force), effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU addresses diversity in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this update on its condensed consolidated financial statements.


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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this update on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force), effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. This update requires organizations to show the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this update on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests after December 15, 2019.  Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The update eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test and will require management to perform its goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount.  Any amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value (not to exceed the goodwill allocated to that reporting unit) is recognized as an impairment charge.  The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this update on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Compensation-Retirement Benefits: Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost, effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. Earlier application is permitted for all entities as of the beginning of an interim or annual period. This update requires organizations to disaggregate the service cost component from the other components of net benefit costs in the income statement and present it with other current compensation costs for the related employees and present while providing guidance for capitalization eligibility for service costs. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this update in its condensed consolidated financial statements.

3.  Dividends
 
The maximum amount of dividends, which can be paid to stockholders by insurance companies domiciled in the State of Colorado, is subject to restrictions relating to statutory surplus and statutory net gain from operations.  Prior to the payment of any dividends, the Company seeks approval from the Colorado Insurance Commissioner.  During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, and 2016, the Company paid dividends of $77,000$145,301 and $73,401,$125,691, respectively, to its parent, GWL&A Financial. 

4.  Summary of Investments
 
The following tables summarize fixed maturity investments classified as available-for-sale and the non-credit-related component of other-than-temporary impairments (“OTTI”) in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”): 
 March 31, 2017 September 30, 2017
 Amortized Gross unrealized Gross unrealized Estimated fair value OTTI (gain) loss Amortized Gross unrealized Gross unrealized Estimated fair value OTTI (gain) loss
Fixed maturities: cost gains losses and carrying value 
included in AOCI (1)
 cost gains losses and carrying value 
included in AOCI (1)
U.S. government direct obligations and U.S. agencies $1,813,394
 $46,163
 $19,189
 $1,840,368
 $
 $1,502,617
 $49,176
 $8,333
 $1,543,460
 $
Obligations of U.S. states and their subdivisions 1,889,794
 215,426
 5,121
 2,100,099
 
 1,884,136
 228,301
 1,619
 2,110,818
 
Corporate debt securities (2)
 14,270,203
 512,816
 229,442
 14,553,577
 (1,248) 14,991,367
 622,399
 118,566
 15,495,200
 (1,088)
Asset-backed securities 1,443,721
 101,214
 16,671
 1,528,264
 (70,463) 1,578,590
 110,333
 12,173
 1,676,750
 (65,696)
Residential mortgage-backed securities 124,522
 4,200
 996
 127,726
 (106) 68,946
 2,618
 645
 70,919
 (141)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 1,353,588
 23,313
 18,836
 1,358,065
 
 1,375,325
 22,547
 10,920
 1,386,952
 
Collateralized debt obligations 532,580
 1,693
 36
 534,237
 
 724,967
 3,832
 29
 728,770
 
Total fixed maturities $21,427,802
 $904,825
 $290,291
 $22,042,336
 $(71,817) $22,125,948
 $1,039,206
 $152,285
 $23,012,869
 $(66,925)

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



(1)  Indicates the amount of any OTTI (gain) loss included in AOCI that is included in gross unrealized gains and losses.  OTTI (gain) loss included in AOCI, as presented above, includes both the initial recognition of non-credit losses and the effects of subsequent increases and decreases in estimated fair value for those fixed maturity securities with previous non-credit impairment. The non-credit loss component of

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



OTTI (gain) loss was in an unrealized gain position due to increases in estimated fair value subsequent to initial recognition of non-credit losses on such securities.
(2) Includes perpetual debt investments with amortized cost of $115,037 and estimated fair value of $105,162.$111,141.

  December 31, 2016
  Amortized Gross unrealized Gross unrealized Estimated fair value OTTI (gain) loss
Fixed maturities: cost gains losses and carrying value 
included in AOCI (1)
U.S. government direct obligations and U.S. agencies $3,022,279
 $47,791
 $34,958
 $3,035,112
 $
Obligations of U.S. states and their subdivisions 1,890,568
 214,411
 6,317
 2,098,662
 
Corporate debt securities (2)
 13,811,597
 477,316
 309,164
 13,979,749
 (1,488)
Asset-backed securities 1,226,493
 104,274
 18,388
 1,312,379
 (72,464)
Residential mortgage-backed securities 138,292
 3,867
 1,167
 140,992
 23
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 1,222,257
 23,207
 20,182
 1,225,282
 
Collateralized debt obligations 361,241
 339
 53
 361,527
 
Total fixed maturities $21,672,727
 $871,205
 $390,229
 $22,153,703
 $(73,929)

(1) Indicates the amount of any OTTI (gain) loss included in AOCI that is included in gross unrealized gains and losses.  OTTI (gain) loss included in AOCI, as presented above, includes both the initial recognition of non-credit losses and the effects of subsequent increases and decreases in estimated fair value for those fixed maturity securities with previous non-credit impairment. The non-credit loss component of OTTI (gain) loss was in an unrealized gain position due to increases in estimated fair value subsequent to initial recognition of non-credit losses on such securities.
(2) Includes perpetual debt investments with amortized cost of $135,187 and estimated fair value of $113,239.
 
See Note 7 for additional discussion regarding fair value measurements.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity investments classified as available-for-sale, based on estimated cash flows, are shown in the table below.  Actual maturities will likely differ from these projections because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. 
March 31, 2017September 30, 2017
Amortized cost Estimated fair valueAmortized cost Estimated fair value
Maturing in one year or less$644,280
 $662,742
$796,697
 $814,539
Maturing after one year through five years3,845,273
 4,018,406
3,998,273
 4,166,545
Maturing after five years through ten years6,950,269
 7,068,702
7,432,248
 7,650,580
Maturing after ten years5,073,643
 5,282,788
5,000,632
 5,356,030
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities4,914,337
 5,009,698
4,898,098
 5,025,175
Total fixed maturities$21,427,802
 $22,042,336
$22,125,948
 $23,012,869

Mortgage-backed (commercial and residential) and asset-backed securities include those issued by the U.S. government and U.S. agencies.
 








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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



The following table summarizes information regarding the sales of securities classified as available-for-sale: 
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2017 2016
Proceeds from sales$1,580,522
 $1,682,893
Gross realized gains from sales12,433
 19,857
Gross realized losses from sales15,257
 11

Included in net investment income are unrealized gains (losses) of $(277) and $12,622 for the three months ended March 31, 2017, and 2016, respectively, on held-for-trading fixed maturity investments still held at period end.
 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Proceeds from sales$339,051
 $421,245
 $2,810,599
 $3,777,445
Gross realized gains from sales8,512
 8,487
 29,433
 55,154
Gross realized losses from sales2,993
 24
 24,330
 170

Mortgage loans on real estate — The following table summarizes the carrying value of the mortgage loan portfolio by component:  
March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Principal$3,843,130
 $3,558,863
$3,936,617
 $3,558,863
Unamortized premium (discount) and fees, net4,909
 5,541
4,244
 5,541
Foreign exchange translation(1,799) (2,696)3,000
 (2,696)
Mortgage provision allowance(1,309) (2,882)(773) (2,882)
Total mortgage loans$3,844,931
 $3,558,826
$3,943,088
 $3,558,826
 
The following table summarizes the recorded investment of the mortgage loan portfolio by risk assessment category as of March 31,September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively: 
March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Performing$3,844,775
 $3,560,243
$3,943,861
 $3,560,243
Non-performing1,465
 1,465

 1,465
Total$3,846,240
 $3,561,708
$3,943,861
 $3,561,708

The following table summarizes activity in the mortgage provision allowance:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 
Year Ended
December 31, 2016
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 
Year Ended
December 31, 2016
Commercial mortgages Commercial mortgagesCommercial mortgages Commercial mortgages
Beginning balance$2,882
 $2,890
$2,882
 $2,890
Provision increases
 536
157
 536
Charge-off(663) 
Recovery(30) 
Provision decreases(1,573) (544)(1,573) (544)
Ending balance$1,309
 $2,882
$773
 $2,882
      
Allowance ending balance by basis of impairment method:      
Individually evaluated for impairment$536
 $536
$
 $536
Collectively evaluated for impairment773
 2,346
773
 2,346
      
Recorded investment balance in the mortgage loan portfolio, gross of allowance, by basis of impairment method:$3,846,240
 $3,561,708
$3,943,861
 $3,561,708
Individually evaluated for impairment1,465
 1,465

 1,465
Collectively evaluated for impairment3,844,775
 3,560,243
3,943,861
 3,560,243
 
Limited partnership and other corporation interests — At March 31,September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had $37,948$45,117 and $34,895, respectively, invested in limited partnership and other corporation interests. Limited partnership interests represent the Company’s minority ownership interests in pooled investment funds that primarily make private equity

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



investments across diverse industries and geographical focuses. The Company has determined its interest in each limited partnership to be considered a variable interest entity (“VIE”). Consolidation is not required as the Company is not deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIEs.

The carrying value and maximum exposure to loss in relation to the activities of the VIEs was $35,565$42,734 and $32,444 at March 31,September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Securities lending — Securities with a cost or amortized cost of $164,390$105,952 and estimated fair values of $160,012$103,921 were on loan under the program at March 31,September 30, 2017. There were no securities on loan at December 31, 2016.  The Company received cash of $94,531$74,795 and securities with a fair value of $70,537$32,393 as collateral at March 31,September 30, 2017. The Company bears the risk of any deficiency in the amount of collateral available for return to a borrower due to a loss in an approved investment.

Under the securities lending program the collateral pledged is, by definition, the securities loaned against the cash borrowed. The following table summarizes the cash collateral liability under the securities lending program byis $74,795, and class of securities loaned:
loaned consists entirely of Corporate debt securities.
    March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016
Cash collateral liability by class of loaned security      
U.S. government direct obligations and U.S. agencies   $1,025
 $
Corporate debt securities   93,506
 
Total   $94,531
 $

The Company’s securities lending agreements are open agreements meaning the borrower can return and the Company can recall the loaned securities at any time. The assets and liabilities associated with securities lending program are not subject to master netting arrangements and are not offset in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Unrealized losses on fixed maturity investments classified as available-for-sale — The following tables summarize unrealized investment losses, including the non-credit-related portion of OTTI losses reported in AOCI, by class of investment:
 March 31, 2017 September 30, 2017
 Less than twelve months Twelve months or longer Total Less than twelve months Twelve months or longer Total
 Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized
Fixed maturities: fair value loss and OTTI fair value loss and OTTI fair value loss and OTTI fair value loss and OTTI fair value loss and OTTI fair value loss and OTTI
U.S. government direct obligations and U.S. agencies $1,254,124

$18,974

$10,181

$215

$1,264,305

$19,189
 $631,467

$8,156

$11,037

$177

$642,504

$8,333
Obligations of U.S. states and their subdivisions 165,820

4,641

10,394

480

176,214

5,121
 43,583

726

18,093

893

61,676

1,619
Corporate debt securities 3,711,201

121,580

880,097

107,862

4,591,298

229,442
 2,401,845

35,750

1,360,880

82,816

3,762,725

118,566
Asset-backed securities 458,552

4,905

271,982

11,766

730,534

16,671
 464,858

2,246

224,740

9,927

689,598

12,173
Residential mortgage-backed securities 5,755

18

13,386

978

19,141

996
 



12,383

645

12,383

645
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 630,766

16,473

35,929

2,363

666,695

18,836
 488,610

5,851

102,235

5,069

590,845

10,920
Collateralized debt obligations 30,980

36





30,980

36
 77,015

29





77,015

29
Total fixed maturities $6,257,198

$166,627

$1,221,969

$123,664

$7,479,167

$290,291
 $4,107,378

$52,758

$1,729,368

$99,527

$5,836,746

$152,285
 
















 
















Total number of securities in an unrealized loss position  

554

 

132

 

686
  

397

 

169

 

566
 

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



  December 31, 2016
  Less than twelve months Twelve months or longer Total
  Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized
Fixed maturities: fair value loss and OTTI fair value loss and OTTI fair value loss and OTTI
U.S. government direct obligations and U.S. agencies $2,006,588

$34,752

$10,526

$206

$2,017,114

$34,958
Obligations of U.S. states and their subdivisions 216,154

5,922

10,498

395

226,652

6,317
Corporate debt securities 4,119,630

170,453

860,153

138,711

4,979,783

309,164
Asset-backed securities 316,065

6,971

230,331

11,417

546,396

18,388
Residential mortgage-backed securities 16,962

102

14,297

1,065

31,259

1,167
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 592,508

17,535

26,068

2,647

618,576

20,182
Collateralized debt obligations 160,612

53





160,612

53
Total fixed maturities $7,428,519

$235,788

$1,151,873

$154,441

$8,580,392

$390,229
  
















Total number of securities in an unrealized loss position  

610

 

128

 

738
 
Fixed maturity investments — Total unrealized losses and OTTI decreased by $99,938,$237,944, or 26%61%, from December 31, 2016, to March 31,September 30, 2017. The majority, or $69,161,$183,030, of the decrease was in the less than twelve months category. The overall decrease in unrealized losses was across all asset classes and reflects lower interest rates at March 31,September 30, 2017, compared to December 31, 2016, resulting in generally higher valuations of these fixed maturity securities.
 
Total unrealized losses greater than twelve months decreased by $30,777$54,914 from December 31, 2016, to March 31,September 30, 2017.  Corporate debt securities account for 87%83%, or $107,862,$82,816, of the unrealized losses and OTTI greater than twelve months at March 31,September 30, 2017.  Non-investment grade corporate debt securities account for $7,851$5,693 of the unrealized losses and OTTI greater than twelve months, and $2,176 of the losses are on perpetual debt investments issued by investment grade rated banks in the United Kingdom.months. Management does not have the intent to sell these assets; therefore, an OTTI was not recognized in earnings.
 
Asset-backed securities account for 10% of the unrealized losses and OTTI greater than twelve months at March 31,September 30, 2017.  The present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is not less than amortized cost and management does not have the intent to sell these assets; therefore, an OTTI was not recognized in earnings.

Other-than-temporary impairment recognition — The OTTI on fixed maturity securities where the loss portion is bifurcated and the credit related component is recognized in realized investment gains (losses) is summarized as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2017 20162017 2016 2017 2016
Beginning balance$83,665
 $102,343
$77,411
 $94,687
 $83,665
 $102,343
Reductions due to increases in cash flows expected to be collected that are recognized over the remaining life of the security(3,306) (3,927)(5,273) (4,405) (11,527) (12,061)
Ending balance$80,359
 $98,416
$72,138
 $90,282
 $72,138
 $90,282


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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



5.  Derivative Financial Instruments
 
Derivative transactions are generally entered into pursuant to International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) Master Agreements or Master Securities Forward Transaction Agreements (“MSFTA”) with approved counterparties that provide for a single net payment to be made by one party to the other on a daily basis, periodic payment dates, or at the due date, expiration, or termination of the agreement.


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The ISDA Master Agreements contain provisions that would allow the counterparties to require immediate settlement of all derivative instruments in a net liability position if the Company were to default on any debt obligations over a certain threshold.  The MSFTA contain provisions which do not stipulate a threshold for default and only apply to debt obligations between the Company and the specific counterparty.  The aggregate fair value, inclusive of accrued income and expense, of derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that were in a net liability position was $49,235$81,632 and $38,324 as of March 31,September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively.  The Company had pledged collateral related to these derivatives of zero$16,171 and zero as of March 31,September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively, in the normal course of business.  If the credit-risk-related contingent features were triggered on March 31,September 30, 2017, the fair value of assets that could be required to settle the derivatives in a net liability position was $49,235.$65,461.
 
At March 31,September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, the Company had pledged zero$16,171 and zero of unrestricted cash collateral to counterparties in the normal course of business, while other counterparties had pledged $80,145$25,353 and $103,214 of unrestricted cash collateral to the Company to satisfy collateral netting agreements, respectively.
 
At March 31,September 30, 2017, the Company estimated $10,436$10,544 of net derivative gains related to cash flow hedges included in AOCI will be reclassified into net income within the next twelve months. Gains and losses included in AOCI are reclassified into net income when the hedged item affects earnings.

Types of derivative instruments and derivative strategies

Interest rate contracts
 
Cash flow hedges
 
Interest rate swap agreements are used to convert the interest rate on certain debt security investments and debt obligations from a floating rate to a fixed rate.  Interest rate futures are used to manage the interest rate risks of forecasted acquisitions of fixed rate maturity investments and are primarily structured to hedge interest rate risk inherent in the assumptions used to price certain liabilities.
 
Not designated as hedging instruments
 
The Company enters into certain transactions in which derivatives are hedging an economic risk but hedge accounting is not elected.  These derivative instruments include:  exchange-traded interest rate swap futures, over-the-counter (“OTC”) interest rate swaptions, OTC interest rate swaps, exchange-traded Eurodollar interest rate futures, and treasury interest rate futures.  Certain of the Company’s OTC derivatives are cleared and settled through a central clearing counterparty while others are bilateral contracts between the Company and a counterparty.
 
The derivative instruments mentioned above are economic hedges and used to manage risk.  These transactions are used to offset changes in liabilities including those in variable annuity products, hedge the economic effect of a large increase in interest rates, manage the potential variability in future interest payments due to a change in credited interest rates and the related change in cash flows due to increased surrenders, and manage interest rate risks of forecasted acquisitions of fixed rate maturity investments and forecasted liability pricing.

Foreign currency contracts
 
Cross-currency swaps and foreign currency forwards are used to manage the foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with investments denominated in other than U.S. dollars.  The Company uses cross-currency swaps to convert interest and

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



principal payments on foreign denominated debt instruments into U.S. dollars.  Cross-currency swaps may be designated as cash flow hedges; however, hedge accounting is not always elected. The Company uses foreign currency forwards to reduce the risk of foreign currency exchange rate changes on proceeds received on sales of foreign denominated debt instruments; however, hedge accounting is not elected.




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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



Equity contracts

The Company uses futures on equity indices to offset changes in guaranteed lifetime withdrawal benefit liabilities; however, hedge accounting is not elected.

Other forward contracts
 
The Company uses forward settling to be announced (“TBA”) securities to gain exposure to the investment risk and return of agency mortgage-backed securities (pass-throughs). These transactions enhance the return on the Company’s investment portfolio and provide a more liquid and cost effective method of achieving these goals than purchasing or selling individual agency mortgage-backed pools.  As the Company does not regularly accept delivery of such securities, they are accounted for as derivatives but hedge accounting is not elected. 

The following tables summarize the notional amount and fair value of derivative financial instruments, excluding embedded derivatives:
March 31, 2017September 30, 2017
  Net derivatives Asset derivatives Liability derivatives  Net derivatives Asset derivatives Liability derivatives
Notional amount Fair value 
Fair value (1)
 
Fair value (1)
Notional amount Fair value 
Fair value (1)
 
Fair value (1)
Hedge designation/derivative type: 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 
Derivatives designated as hedges: 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 
Cash flow hedges: 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 
Interest rate swaps$419,800

$37,308

$37,308

$
$419,800

$29,482

$29,482

$
Cross-currency swaps666,577

32,731

43,652

10,921
755,890

(4,310)
30,874

35,184
Total cash flow hedges1,086,377

70,039

80,960

10,921
1,175,690

25,172

60,356

35,184






















Total derivatives designated as hedges1,086,377

70,039

80,960

10,921
1,175,690

25,172

60,356

35,184






















Derivatives not designated as hedges: 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 
Interest rate swaps486,100

(6,708)
8,187

14,895
507,100

(2,477)
10,147

12,624
Futures on equity indices31,433






29,674






Interest rate futures74,600






74,200






Interest rate swaptions162,464

265

265


162,423

156

156


Other forward contracts2,538,450

6,784

7,817

1,033
2,954,200

(3,151)
925

4,076
Cross-currency swaps612,733

19,152

42,071

22,919
612,733

(3,863)
27,193

31,056
Total derivatives not designated as hedges3,905,780

19,493

58,340

38,847
4,340,330

(9,335)
38,421

47,756
Total derivative financial instruments$4,992,157

$89,532

$139,300

$49,768
$5,516,020

$15,837

$98,777

$82,940

(1) The estimated fair value excludes accrued income and expense. The estimated fair value of all derivatives in an asset position is reported within other assets and the estimated fair value of all derivatives in a liability position is reported within other liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



 December 31, 2016
   Net derivatives Asset derivatives Liability derivatives
 Notional amount Fair value 
Fair value (1)
 
Fair value (1)
Hedge designation/derivative type: 

 

 

 
Derivatives designated as hedges: 

 

 

 
Cash flow hedges: 

 

 

 
Interest rate swaps$419,800

$33,390

$33,390

$
Cross-currency swaps614,208

45,347

53,641

8,294
Total cash flow hedges1,034,008

78,737

87,031

8,294
 










Total derivatives designated as hedges1,034,008

78,737

87,031

8,294
 










Derivatives not designated as hedges: 

 

 

 
Interest rate swaps468,100

(4,358)
8,982

13,340
Futures on equity indices34,422






Interest rate futures81,500






Interest rate swaptions165,534

354

354


Cross-currency swaps612,733

33,371

50,018

16,647
Total derivatives not designated as hedges1,362,289

29,367

59,354

29,987
Total derivative financial instruments$2,396,297

$108,104

$146,385

$38,281

(1) The estimated fair value excludes accrued income and expense. The estimated fair value of all derivatives in an asset position is reported within other assets and the estimated fair value of all derivatives in a liability position is reported within other liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
 
Notional amounts are used to express the extent of the Company’s involvement in derivative transactions and represent a standard measurement of the volume of its derivative activity.  Notional amounts represent those amounts used to calculate contractual flows to be exchanged and are not paid or received. The average notional outstanding during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, was $897,400, $1,239,581, $114,425, $163,232,$908,500, $1,302,507, $113,004, $162,408, and $1,545,788$2,409,855 for interest rate swaps, cross-currency swaps, futures, swaptions, and other forward contracts, respectively. The average notional outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2016, was $784,900, $1,141,967, $145,658, $156,632, and $2,230,167 for interest rate swaps, cross-currency swaps, futures, swaptions, and other forward contracts, respectively.

The following tables present the effect of derivative instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income reported by cash flow hedges and economicderivatives not designated as hedges, excluding embedded derivatives: 

Gain (loss) recognized in OCI on derivatives (Effective portion) Gain (loss) reclassified from OCI
into net income (Effective portion)
 Gain (loss) recognized in OCI on derivatives (Effective portion) Gain (loss) reclassified from OCI
into net income (Effective portion)
 
Three Months Ended March 31, Three Months Ended March 31, Three Months Ended September 30, Three Months Ended September 30, 
2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 
Cash flow hedges: 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
Interest rate swaps$(148) $525
 $1,220
 $1,494
(A)$115
 $(401) $1,175
 $1,335
(A)
Interest rate swaps3,843
 
 (880) 
(B)(653) (4,284) (690) (1,092)(B)
Cross-currency swaps(10,650) (2,129) 1,102
 992
(A)(22,573) (3,120) (108) 1,576
(A)
Total cash flow hedges$(6,955) $(1,604) $1,442
 $2,486
 $(23,111) $(7,805) $377
 $1,819
 

(A) Net investment income.
(B) Interest expense.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



 Gain (loss) on derivatives recognized in net income 
 Three Months Ended March 31, 
 2017 2016 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: 
  
 
Futures on equity indices$(684)(A)$(230)(A)
Futures on equity indices(1,284)(B)(1,441)(B)
Interest rate swaps(1,549)(A)10,622
(A)
Interest rate futures(14)(A)(204)(A)
Interest rate futures5
(B)(32)(B)
Interest rate swaptions(27)(A)134
(A)
Interest rate swaptions(74)(B)(195)(B)
Other forward contracts6,784
(A)3,056
(A)
Other forward contracts(5,597)(B)2,938
(B)
Cross-currency swaps(14,168)(A)12,199
(A)
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments$(16,608) $26,847
 
 Gain (loss) recognized in OCI on derivatives (Effective portion) Gain (loss) reclassified from OCI
into net income (Effective portion)
 
 Nine Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 
 2017 2016 2017 2016 
Cash flow hedges: 
  
  
  
 
Interest rate swaps$611
 $4,098
 $3,581
 $4,166
(A)
Interest rate swaps(5,003) (29,017) (2,357) (1,675)(B)
Cross-currency swaps(43,919) 21,612
 21
 3,777
(A)
Total cash flow hedges$(48,311) $(3,307) $1,245
 $6,268
 

(A) Net investment income.
(B) Interest expense.

 Gain (loss) on derivatives recognized in net income 
 Three Months Ended September 30, 
 2017 2016 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: 
  
 
Futures on equity indices$(583)(A)$510
(A)
Futures on equity indices(1,070)(B)(2,081)(B)
Interest rate swaps492
(A)418
(A)
Interest rate futures(40)(A)134
(A)
Interest rate futures18
(B)(183)(B)
Interest rate swaptions(6)(A)23
(A)
Interest rate swaptions(73)(B)(39)(B)
Other forward contracts(571)(A)(8,286)(A)
Other forward contracts7,264
(B)19,413
(B)
Cross-currency swaps(16,046)(A)1,872
(A)
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments$(10,615) $11,781
 

(A) Net investment income.
(B) Represents realized gains (losses) on closed positions recorded in realized investment gains (losses), net.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



 Gain (loss) on derivatives recognized in net income 
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 
 2017 2016 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: 
  
 
Futures on equity indices$(917)(A)$103
(A)
Futures on equity indices(3,890)(B)(5,358)(B)
Interest rate swaps3,919
(A)19,727
(A)
Interest rate futures62
(A)(77)(A)
Interest rate futures(183)(B)(249)(B)
Interest rate swaptions(37)(A)96
(A)
Interest rate swaptions(224)(B)(256)(B)
Other forward contracts(3,151)(A)7,268
(A)
Other forward contracts20,383
(B)31,509
(B)
Cross-currency swaps(38,297)(A)62,147
(A)
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments$(22,335) $114,910
 

(A) Net investment income.
(B) Represents realized gains (losses) on closed positions recorded in realized investment gains (losses), net.

Embedded derivative - Guaranteed Lifetime Withdrawal Benefit

The Company offers a guaranteed lifetime withdrawal benefit (“GLWB”) through a variable annuity or a contingent deferred annuity. The GLWB is deemed to be an embedded derivative. The GLWB is recorded at fair value within future policy benefits on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Changes in fair value of the GLWB are recorded in net investment income in the condensed consolidated statements of income.

The estimated fair value of the GLWB was $4,042$10,221 and $5,712 at March 31,September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively. The changes in fair value of the GLWB were $1,670$(626) and $(10,450)$(590) for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, and 2016, respectively, and $(4,509) and $(20,020) for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, respectively.

6.  Summary of Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
 
The Company enters into derivative transactions and short-term reverse repurchase agreements with several approved counterparties. The Company’s derivative transactions are generally governed by MSFTA or ISDA Master Agreements which provide for legally enforceable set-off and close-out netting in the event of default or bankruptcy of the Company’s counterparties.  The Company’s MSFTA and ISDA Master Agreements generally include provisions which require both the pledging and accepting of collateral in connection with its derivative transactions. These provisions have the effect of securing each party’s position to the extent of collateral held. Short-term reverse repurchase agreements also include collateral provisions with the counterparty. The following tables summarize the effect of master netting arrangements on the Company’s financial position in the normal course of business and in the event of default or bankruptcy of the Company’s counterparties: 
 March 31, 2017 September 30, 2017
   Gross fair value not offset     Gross fair value not offset  
   in balance sheets     in balance sheets  
 Gross fair value of Financial Cash collateral Net Gross fair value of Financial   Net
Financial instruments (assets): 
recognized assets (1)
 instruments received fair value 
recognized assets (1)
 instruments 
Cash collateral

 fair value
Derivative instruments (2)
 $104,020

$(35,694)
$(65,290)
$3,036
 $72,217

$(56,224)
$(14,263)
$1,730
Short-term reverse repurchase agreement (3)
 34,500
 (34,500) 
 
Short-term reverse repurchase agreements (3)

20,900

(20,900)



Total financial instruments (assets) 138,520
 (70,194) (65,290) 3,036

93,117

(77,124)
(14,263)
1,730

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



        
 March 31, 2017 September 30, 2017
   Gross fair value not offset     Gross fair value not offset  
   in balance sheets     in balance sheets  
 Gross fair value of Financial Cash collateral Net Gross fair value of Financial   Net
Financial instruments (liabilities): 
recognized liabilities (1)
 instruments pledged fair value 
recognized liabilities (1)
 instruments 
Cash collateral

 fair value
Derivative instruments (4)
 35,943
 (35,694) 
 249
 70,720
 (56,224) (13,006) 1,490

(1) The gross fair value of derivative instrument and short-term reverse repurchase agreement assets is not netted against offsetting liabilities for presentation on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(2) The estimated fair value of derivative instrument assets is reported in other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Derivative transactions entered into under ISDA master agreements include income and expense accruals.
(3) The estimated fair value of short-term reverse repurchase agreement assets is reported in short-term investments in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The collateral is held by an independent third-party custodian under a tri-party agreement.
(4) The estimated fair value of derivative instrument liabilities is reported in other liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Derivative transactions entered into under ISDA master agreements include income and expense accruals.


 
December 31, 2016
 
  Gross fair value not offset  
 
  in balance sheets  
 
Gross fair value of Financial Cash collateral Net
Financial instruments:
recognized assets/liabilities (1)
 instruments received/(pledged) fair value
Derivative instruments (assets) (2)

$119,862

$(26,254)
$92,756

$852
Derivative instruments (liabilities) (3)

26,254

(26,254)




(1) The gross fair value of derivative instrument assets is not netted against offsetting liabilities for presentation on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(2) The estimated fair value of derivative instrument assets is reported in other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Derivative transactions entered into under ISDA master agreements include income and expense accruals.
(3) The estimated fair value of derivative instrument liabilities is reported in other liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Derivative transactions entered into under ISDA master agreements include income and expense accruals.
 

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



7.  Fair Value Measurements
 
Recurring fair value measurements
 
The following tables present the Company’s financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis by fair value hierarchy category:

Assets and liabilities measured at
fair value on a recurring basis
Assets and liabilities measured at
fair value on a recurring basis
March 31, 2017September 30, 2017
Quoted prices Significant    Quoted prices Significant    
in active
markets for
identical assets
(Level 1)
 other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
 Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
 Totalin active
markets for
identical assets
(Level 1)
 other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
 Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
 Total
Assets 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
Fixed maturities available-for-sale: 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
U.S. government direct obligations and U.S. agencies$

$1,840,368

$

$1,840,368
$

$1,543,460

$

$1,543,460
Obligations of U.S. states and their subdivisions

2,100,099



2,100,099


2,110,818



2,110,818
Corporate debt securities

14,542,646

10,931

14,553,577


15,485,120

10,080

15,495,200
Asset-backed securities

1,528,264



1,528,264


1,676,750



1,676,750
Residential mortgage-backed securities

127,726



127,726


70,919



70,919
Commercial mortgage-backed securities

1,358,065



1,358,065


1,386,952



1,386,952
Collateralized debt obligations

534,237



534,237


728,770



728,770
Total fixed maturities available-for-sale

22,031,405

10,931

22,042,336


23,002,789

10,080

23,012,869
Fixed maturities held-for-trading: 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 
U.S. government direct obligations and U.S. agencies

129,296



129,296


20,291



20,291
Corporate debt securities

55,249



55,249


38,956



38,956
Commercial mortgage-backed securities

1,072



1,072


1,081



1,081
Total fixed maturities held-for-trading

185,617



185,617


60,328



60,328
Short-term investments262,866

481,197



744,063
320,398

502,673



823,071
Collateral under securities lending agreements94,531





94,531
1,870

72,925



74,795
Collateral under derivative counterparty collateral agreements80,145





80,145
41,524





41,524
Derivative instruments designated as hedges: 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 
Interest rate swaps

37,308



37,308


29,482



29,482
Cross-currency swaps
 43,652
 
 43,652

 30,874
 
 30,874
Derivative instruments not designated as hedges: 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 
Interest rate swaps

8,187



8,187


10,147



10,147
Interest rate swaptions

265



265


156



156
Other forward contracts

7,817



7,817


925



925
Cross-currency swaps

42,071



42,071


27,193



27,193
Total derivative instruments

139,300



139,300


98,777



98,777
Separate account assets (1)
15,849,064

11,330,972



27,597,906
16,255,644

11,213,991



27,866,779
Total assets$16,286,606

$34,168,491

$10,931

$50,883,898
$16,619,436

$34,951,483

$10,080

$51,978,143






















Liabilities 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 
Payable under securities lending agreements$94,531

$

$

$94,531
Collateral under derivative counterparty collateral agreements80,145
 
 
 80,145
Derivative instruments designated as hedges: 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 
Cross-currency swaps

10,921



10,921
$

$35,184

$

$35,184
Derivative instruments not designated as hedges: 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 
Interest rate swaps

14,895



14,895


12,624



12,624
Other forward contracts

1,033



1,033


4,076



4,076
Cross-currency swaps

22,919



22,919


31,056



31,056
Total derivative instruments

49,768



49,768


82,940



82,940
Embedded derivatives - GLWB
 
 4,042
 4,042

 
 10,221
 10,221
Separate account liabilities (2)
26

409,044



409,070
18

521,723



521,741
Total liabilities$174,702

$458,812

$4,042

$637,556
$18

$604,663

$10,221

$614,902

(1) Included in the total fair value amount are $418$397 million of investments as of March 31,September 30, 2017 for which the fair value is estimated using net asset value per unit as a practical expedient which are excluded from the disclosure requirement to classify amounts in the fair value hierarchy in connection with the adoption of ASU 2015-07.
 (2) Includes only separate account instruments which are carried at the fair value of the underlying liabilities owned by the separate accounts.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)




Assets and liabilities measured at
fair value on a recurring basis
 December 31, 2016
 Quoted prices Significant    
 in active
markets for
identical assets
(Level 1)
 other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
 Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
 Total
Assets 

 

 

 
Fixed maturities available-for-sale: 

 

 

 
U.S. government direct obligations and U.S. agencies$

$3,035,112

$

$3,035,112
Obligations of U.S. states and their subdivisions

2,098,662



2,098,662
Corporate debt securities

13,968,110

11,639

13,979,749
Asset-backed securities

1,312,379



1,312,379
Residential mortgage-backed securities

140,992



140,992
Commercial mortgage-backed securities

1,225,282



1,225,282
Collateralized debt obligations

361,527



361,527
Total fixed maturities available-for-sale

22,142,064

11,639

22,153,703
Fixed maturities held-for-trading: 

 

 

 
U.S. government direct obligations and U.S. agencies

458,067



458,067
Corporate debt securities

55,591



55,591
Commercial mortgage-backed securities

1,080



1,080
Total fixed maturities held-for-trading

514,738



514,738
Short-term investments267,851

36,137



303,988
Collateral under derivative counterparty collateral agreements103,214





103,214
Derivative instruments designated as hedges: 

 

 

 
Interest rate swaps

33,390



33,390
Cross-currency swaps
 53,641
 
 53,641
Derivative instruments not designated as hedges: 

 

 

 
Interest rate swaps

8,982



8,982
Interest rate swaptions

354



354
Cross-currency swaps

50,018



50,018
Total derivative instruments

146,385



146,385
Separate account assets (1)
15,407,992

11,199,924



27,037,765
Total assets$15,779,057

$34,039,248

$11,639

$50,259,793
 










Liabilities 

 

 

 
Collateral under derivative counterparty collateral agreements$103,214
 $
 $
 $103,214
Derivative instruments designated as hedges: 

 

 

 
Cross-currency swaps

8,294



8,294
Derivative instruments not designated as hedges: 

 

 

 
Interest rate swaps

13,340



13,340
Cross-currency swaps

16,647



16,647
Total derivative instruments

38,281



38,281
Embedded derivatives - GLWB
 
 5,712
 5,712
Separate account liabilities (2)
55

336,468



336,523
Total liabilities$103,269

$374,749

$5,712

$483,730

(1) Included in the total fair value amount are $430 million of investments as of December 31, 2016 for which the fair value is estimated using net asset value per unit as a practical expedient which are excluded from the disclosure requirement to classify amounts in the fair value hierarchy in connection with the adoption of ASU 2015-07.
 (2) Includes only separate account instruments which are carried at the fair value of the underlying liabilities owned by the separate accounts.


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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



The methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows:

Fixed maturity investments
 
The fair values for fixed maturity investments are generally based upon evaluated prices from independent pricing services.  In cases where these prices are not readily available, fair values are estimated by the Company.  To determine estimated fair value for these instruments, the Company generally utilizes discounted cash flowsflow models with market observable pricing inputs such as spreads, average life, and credit quality.  Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on available market information and judgments about financial instruments, including estimates of the timing and amounts of expected future cash flows and the credit standing of the issuer or counterparty.
 
Short-term investments and securities lending agreements
 
The amortized cost of short-term investments collateral under securities lending agreements, and payablecollateral under securities lending agreements is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to their short-term nature and high credit quality of the issuers.
 
Derivative counterparty collateral agreements
 
Included in other assets is cash collateral received from or pledged to derivative counterparties and included in other liabilities is the obligation to return the cash collateral to the counterparties.  The carrying value of the collateral is a reasonable estimate of fair value.
 
Derivative instruments
 
Included in other assets and other liabilities are derivative financial instruments. The estimated fair values of OTC derivatives, primarily consisting of cross-currency swaps, interest rate swaps, interest rate swaptions, and other forward contracts, are the estimated amounts the Company would receive or pay to terminate the agreements at the end of each reporting period, taking into consideration current interest rates and other relevant factors.

Embedded derivative - GLWB

Significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements of GLWB include long-term equity and interest rate implied volatility, mortality, and policyholder behavior assumptions, such as benefit utilization, lapses, and partial withdrawals.

Separate account assets and liabilities
 
Separate account assets and liabilities primarily include investments in mutual fund, fixed maturity, and short-term securities.  Mutual funds are recorded at net asset value, which approximates fair value, on a daily basis.  The fixed maturity and short-term investments are valued in the same manner, and using the same pricing sources and inputs as the fixed maturity and short-term investments of the Company.
 

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GREAT-WEST LIFE & ANNUITY INSURANCE COMPANY
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



The following tables present additional information about assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:
Recurring Level 3 financial assets and liabilities
Recurring Level 3 financial assets and liabilities

Three Months Ended March 31, 2017Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
Assets LiabilitiesAssets Liabilities
Fixed maturities  available-for-sale EmbeddedFixed maturities  available-for-sale Embedded
Corporate derivativesCorporate derivatives
debt securities - GLWBdebt securities - GLWB
Balances, January 1, 2017$11,639

$5,712
Balances, July 1, 2017$10,703
 $9,595
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in: 

  
  
Net income (loss)
 1,670

 (626)
Other comprehensive income (loss)(364)

166
 
Settlements(344)

(432) 
Balances, March 31, 2017$10,931

$4,042
Total gains (losses) for the period included in net income attributable to the change in unrealized gains and losses relating to assets and liabilities held at March 31, 2017$

$1,670
Transfers out of Level 3 (1)
(357) 
Balances, September 30, 2017$10,080
 $10,221
Total gains (losses) for the period included in net income attributable to the change in unrealized gains and losses relating to assets and liabilities held at September 30, 2017$
 $(626)

(1) Transfers out of Level 3 are due primarily to increased observability of inputs in valuation methodologies as evidenced by corroboration of market prices with multiple pricing vendors.


Recurring Level 3 financial assets and liabilities
Recurring Level 3 financial assets and liabilities

Three Months Ended March 31, 2016Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
Assets LiabilitiesAssets Liabilities
Fixed maturities 
available-for-sale
 Embedded
Fixed maturities 
available-for-sale
 Embedded
Corporate derivativesCorporate derivatives
debt securities - GLWBdebt securities - GLWB
Balances, January 1, 2016$4,538

$11,257
Balances, July 1, 2016$15,056
 $30,687
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in: 

  
  
Net income (loss)
 (10,450)
 (590)
Other comprehensive income (loss)366


245
 
Settlements(598)

(594) 
Transfers into Level 3 (1)
11,236
 
Balances, March 31, 2016$15,542

$21,707
Total gains (losses) for the period included in net income attributable to the change in unrealized gains and losses relating to assets and liabilities held at March 31, 2016$

$(10,450)
Balances, September 30, 2016$14,707
 $31,277
Total gains (losses) for the period included in net income attributable to the change in unrealized gains and losses relating to assets and liabilities held at September 30, 2016$
 $(590)



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GREAT-WEST LIFE & ANNUITY INSURANCE COMPANY
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



 Recurring Level 3 financial assets and liabilities
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 Assets Liabilities
 Fixed maturities  available-for-sale Embedded
 Corporate derivatives
 debt securities - GLWB
Balances, January 1, 2017$11,639
 $5,712
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in: 
  
Net income (loss)
 (4,509)
Other comprehensive income (loss)83
 
Settlements(1,275) 
Transfers out of Level 3 (1)
(367) 
Balances, September 30, 2017$10,080
 $10,221
Total gains (losses) for the period included in net income attributable to the change in unrealized gains and losses relating to assets and liabilities held at September 30, 2017$
 $(4,509)

(1) Transfers out of Level 3 are due primarily to increased observability of inputs in valuation methodologies as evidenced by corroboration of market prices with multiple pricing vendors.

 Recurring Level 3 financial assets and liabilities
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
 Assets Liabilities
 
Fixed maturities 
available-for-sale
 Embedded
 Corporate derivatives
 debt securities - GLWB
Balances, January 1, 2016$4,538
 $11,257
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in: 
  
Net income (loss)
 (20,020)
Other comprehensive income (loss)720
 
Settlements(1,787) 
Transfers into Level 3 (1)
11,236
 
Balances, September 30, 2016$14,707
 $31,277
Total gains (losses) for the period included in net income attributable to the change in unrealized gains and losses relating to assets and liabilities held at September 30, 2016$
 $(20,020)

 (1) Transfers into Level 3 are due primarily to decreased observability of inputs in valuation methodologies.


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GREAT-WEST LIFE & ANNUITY INSURANCE COMPANY
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



The following table presents significant unobservable inputs used during the valuation of certain liabilities categorized within Level 3 of the recurring fair value measurements table:
      Range
  Valuation Technique Unobservable Input March 31,September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Embedded derivatives - GLWB Risk neutral stochastic valuation methodology Equity volatility 15% - 28% 15% - 30%
    Swap curve 1.38%1.33% - 2.66%2.54% 0.75% - 3.00%
    Mortality rate Based on the Annuity 2000 Mortality Table Based on the Annuity 2000 Mortality Table
    Base Lapse rate 1% - 15% 1% - 15%

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GREAT-WEST LIFE & ANNUITY INSURANCE COMPANY
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



Fair value of financial instruments
 
The following tables summarize the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments and investments not carried at fair value on a recurring basis:
March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Carrying Estimated Carrying EstimatedCarrying Estimated Carrying Estimated
amount fair value amount fair valueamount fair value amount fair value
Assets 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
Mortgage loans on real estate$3,844,931
 $3,915,687
 $3,558,826
 $3,574,240
$3,943,088
 $4,020,555
 $3,558,826
 $3,574,240
Policy loans4,016,844
 4,016,844
 4,019,648
 4,019,648
4,073,511
 4,073,511
 4,019,648
 4,019,648
Limited partnership interests32,579
 31,947
 29,345
 29,822
40,433
 40,413
 29,345
 29,822
Other investments13,935
 44,243
 14,382
 44,687
12,631
 43,002
 14,382
 44,687
              
Liabilities 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
Annuity contract benefits without life contingencies$12,383,984
 $12,249,498
 $12,291,378
 $12,129,631
$12,669,339
 $12,641,064
 $12,291,378
 $12,129,631
Policyholders’ funds241,167
 241,167
 285,554
 285,554
245,007
 245,007
 285,554
 285,554
Commercial paper98,645
 98,645
 99,049
 99,049
99,868
 99,868
 99,049
 99,049
Notes payable534,339
 528,415
 531,092
 495,004
534,538
 565,903
 531,092
 495,004
 
The methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments not carried at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized as follows:

Mortgage loans on real estate

Mortgage loan fair value estimates are generally based on discounted cash flows.  A discount rate matrix is used where the discount rate valuing a specific mortgage generally corresponds to that mortgage’s remaining term and credit quality.  Management believes the discount rate used is comparable to the credit, interest rate, term, servicing costs, and risks of loans similar to the portfolio loans that the Company would make today given its internal pricing strategy.  The estimated fair value is classified as Level 2.
 
Policy loans
 
Policy loans are funds provided to policy holders in return for a claim on the policy. The funds provided are limited to the cash surrender value of the underlying policy. The nature of policy loans is to have a negligible default risk as the loans are fully collateralized by the value of the policy. Policy loans do not have a stated maturity and the balances and accrued interest are repaid either by the policyholder or with proceeds from the policy. Due to the collateralized nature of policy loans and unpredictable timing of repayments, the Company believes the fair value of policy loans approximates carrying value. The estimated fair value is classified as Level 2.

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GREAT-WEST LIFE & ANNUITY INSURANCE COMPANY
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



Limited partnership interests
 
Limited partnership interests, accounted for using the cost method, represent the Company’s minority ownership interests in pooled investment funds.  These funds employ varying investment strategies that primarily make private equity investments across diverse industries and geographical focuses.  The estimated fairnet asset value, was determined using the partnership financial statement reported capital account or net asset value adjusted for other relevant information which may impact the exit value of the investments.investments, is used as a practical expedient to estimate fair value. Distributions by these investments are generated from investment gains, from operating income generated by the underlying investments of the funds, and from liquidation of the underlying assets of the funds which are estimated to be liquidated over the next one to 10 years. The estimated fair value is classified as Level 3.




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GREAT-WEST LIFE & ANNUITY INSURANCE COMPANY
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



Other investments
 
Other investments primarily include real estate held for investment.  The estimated fair value for real estate is based on the unadjusted appraised value which includes factors such as comparable property sales, property income analysis, and capitalization rates.  The estimated fair value is classified as Level 3.

Annuity contract benefits without life contingencies
 
The estimated fair value of annuity contract benefits without life contingencies is estimated by discounting the projected expected cash flows to the maturity of the contracts utilizing risk-free spot interest rates plus a provision for the Company’s credit risk.  The estimated fair value is classified as Level 2.
 
Policyholders’ funds
 
The carrying amount of policyholders’ funds approximates the fair value since the Company can change the interest credited rates with 30 days notice. The estimated fair value is classified as Level 2.
 
Commercial paper
 
The amortized cost of commercial paper is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to its short-term nature and the high credit quality of the obligor.  The estimated fair value is classified as Level 2.

Notes payable
 
The estimated fair value of the notes payable to GWL&A Financial is based upon quoted market prices from independent pricing services of securities with characteristics similar to those of the notes payable.  The estimated fair value is classified as Level 2. 


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GREAT-WEST LIFE & ANNUITY INSURANCE COMPANY
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



8.  Other Comprehensive Income
 
The following tables present the accumulated balances for each classification of other comprehensive income (loss):
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
Unrealized
holding gains
/ losses
arising on
fixed
maturities,
available-for-
sale
 Unrealized
holding gains
/ losses
arising on
cash flow
hedges
 Future policy
benefits, DAC
and VOBA
adjustments
 Employee
benefit plan
adjustment
 TotalUnrealized
holding gains
/ losses
arising on
fixed
maturities,
available-for-
sale
 Unrealized
holding gains
/ losses
arising on
cash flow
hedges
 Future policy
benefits, DAC
and VOBA
adjustments
 Employee
benefit plan
adjustment
 Total
Balances, January 1, 2017$311,748
 $67,076
 $(58,646) $(84,303) $235,875
Balances, July 1, 2017$550,776
 $50,132
 $(113,256) $(81,513) $406,139
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications84,649
 (4,521) (18,503) 
 61,625
25,989
 (15,022) (1,285) 5,559
 15,241
Amounts reclassified from AOCI1,896
 (937) 
 1,395
 2,354
(1,630) (245) 
 1,425
 (450)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)86,545
 (5,458) (18,503) 1,395
 63,979
24,359
 (15,267) (1,285) 6,984
 14,791
Balances, March 31, 2017$398,293
 $61,618
 $(77,149) $(82,908) $299,854
Balances, September 30, 2017$575,135
 $34,865
 $(114,541) $(74,529) $420,930
 
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
 Unrealized
holding gains
/ losses
arising on
fixed
maturities,
available-for-
sale
 Unrealized
holding gains
/ losses
arising on
cash flow
hedges
 Future policy
benefits, DAC
and VOBA
adjustments
 Employee
benefit plan
adjustment
 Total
Balances, July 1, 2016$855,034
 $45,316
 $(178,086) $(82,677) $639,587
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications36,302
 (5,074) (11,839) 
 19,389
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(5,503) (1,182) 
 1,621
 (5,064)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)30,799
 (6,256) (11,839) 1,621
 14,325
Balances, September 30, 2016$885,833
 $39,060
 $(189,925) $(81,056) $653,912
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 Unrealized
holding gains
/ losses
arising on
fixed
maturities,
available-for-
sale
 Unrealized
holding gains
/ losses
arising on
cash flow
hedges
 Future policy
benefits, DAC
and VOBA
adjustments
 Employee
benefit plan
adjustment
 Total
Balances, January 1, 2017$311,748
 $67,076
 $(58,646) $(84,303) $235,875
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications264,685
 (31,402) (55,895) 5,559
 182,947
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(1,298) (809) 
 4,215
 2,108
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)263,387
 (32,211) (55,895) 9,774
 185,055
Balances, September 30, 2017$575,135
 $34,865
 $(114,541) $(74,529) $420,930

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



Three Months Ended March 31, 2016Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
Unrealized
holding gains
/ losses
arising on
fixed
maturities,
available-for-
sale
 Unrealized
holding gains
/ losses
arising on
cash flow
hedges
 Future policy
benefits, DAC
and VOBA
adjustments
 Employee
benefit plan
adjustment
 TotalUnrealized
holding gains
/ losses
arising on
fixed
maturities,
available-for-
sale
 Unrealized
holding gains
/ losses
arising on
cash flow
hedges
 Future policy
benefits, DAC
and VOBA
adjustments
 Employee
benefit plan
adjustment
 Total
Balances, January 1, 2016$339,520
 $45,284
 $(65,785) $(85,581) $233,438
$339,520
 $45,284
 $(65,785) $(85,581) $233,438
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications290,296
 (1,043) (49,556) 
 239,697
582,133
 (2,150) (124,140) 
 455,843
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(12,980) (1,616) 
 1,452
 (13,144)(35,820) (4,074) 
 4,525
 (35,369)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)277,316
 (2,659) (49,556) 1,452
 226,553
546,313
 (6,224) (124,140) 4,525
 420,474
Balances, March 31, 2016$616,836
 $42,625
 $(115,341) $(84,129) $459,991
Balances, September 30, 2016$885,833
 $39,060
 $(189,925) $(81,056) $653,912

The following tables present the composition of other comprehensive income (loss):
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
Before-tax Tax (expense) Net-of-taxBefore-tax Tax (expense) Net-of-tax
amount benefit amountamount benefit amount
Unrealized holding gains (losses), net, arising on fixed maturities, available-for-sale$130,229
 $(45,580) $84,649
$39,983
 $(13,994) $25,989
Unrealized holding gains (losses), net, arising on cash flow hedges(6,955) 2,434
 (4,521)(23,111) 8,089
 (15,022)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses, net, realized in net income1,475
 (516) 959
(2,885) 1,010
 (1,875)
Net unrealized gains (losses) related to investments124,749
 (43,662) 81,087
13,987
 (4,895) 9,092
Future policy benefits, DAC and VOBA adjustments(28,466) 9,963
 (18,503)(1,977) 692
 (1,285)
Net unrealized gains (losses)96,283
 (33,699) 62,584
12,010
 (4,203) 7,807
Employee benefit plan adjustment2,146
 (751) 1,395
10,744
 (3,760) 6,984
Other comprehensive income (loss)$98,429
 $(34,450) $63,979
$22,754
 $(7,963) $14,791

Three Months Ended March 31, 2016Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
Before-tax Tax (expense) Net-of-taxBefore-tax Tax (expense) Net-of-tax
amount benefit amountamount benefit amount
Unrealized holding gains (losses), net, arising on fixed maturities, available-for-sale$446,610
 $(156,314) $290,296
$55,849
 $(19,547) $36,302
Unrealized holding gains (losses), net, arising on cash flow hedges(1,604) 561
 (1,043)(7,805) 2,731
 (5,074)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses, net, realized in net income(22,456) 7,860
 (14,596)(10,284) 3,599
 (6,685)
Net unrealized gains (losses) related to investments422,550
 (147,893) 274,657
37,760
 (13,217) 24,543
Future policy benefits, DAC and VOBA adjustments(76,240) 26,684
 (49,556)(18,214) 6,375
 (11,839)
Net unrealized gains (losses)346,310
 (121,209) 225,101
19,546
 (6,842) 12,704
Employee benefit plan adjustment2,234
 (782) 1,452
2,494
 (873) 1,621
Other comprehensive income (loss)$348,544
 $(121,991) $226,553
$22,040
 $(7,715) $14,325

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GREAT-WEST LIFE & ANNUITY INSURANCE COMPANY
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 Before-tax Tax (expense) Net-of-tax
 amount benefit amount
Unrealized holding gains (losses), net, arising on fixed maturities, available-for-sale$407,208
 $(142,523) $264,685
Unrealized holding gains (losses), net, arising on cash flow hedges(48,311) 16,909
 (31,402)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses, net, realized in net income(3,242) 1,135
 (2,107)
Net unrealized gains (losses) related to investments355,655
 (124,479) 231,176
Future policy benefits, DAC and VOBA adjustments(85,992) 30,097
 (55,895)
Net unrealized gains (losses)269,663
 (94,382) 175,281
Employee benefit plan adjustment15,036
 (5,262) 9,774
Other comprehensive income (loss)$284,699
 $(99,644) $185,055
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
 Before-tax Tax (expense) Net-of-tax
 amount benefit amount
Unrealized holding gains (losses), net, arising on fixed maturities, available-for-sale$895,589
 $(313,456) $582,133
Unrealized holding gains (losses), net, arising on cash flow hedges(3,307) 1,157
 (2,150)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses, net, realized in net income(61,375) 21,481
 (39,894)
Net unrealized gains (losses) related to investments830,907
 (290,818) 540,089
Future policy benefits, DAC and VOBA adjustments(190,985) 66,845
 (124,140)
Net unrealized gains (losses)639,922
 (223,973) 415,949
Employee benefit plan adjustment6,962
 (2,437) 4,525
Other comprehensive income (loss)$646,884
 $(226,410) $420,474


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GREAT-WEST LIFE & ANNUITY INSURANCE COMPANY
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



The following tables presents the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):

 Three Months Ended March 31,  Three Months Ended September 30, 
 2017 2016  2017 2016 
Details about accumulated other
comprehensive income (loss) components
 Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) Affected line item in the statement where net income is presented Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) Affected line item in the statement where net income is presented
Unrealized holding (gains) losses, net, arising on fixed maturities, available-for-sale $2,917
 $(19,970) Other realized investment (gains) losses, net $(2,508) $(8,465) Other realized investment (gains) losses, net
 2,917
 (19,970) Total before tax (2,508) (8,465) Total before tax
 1,021
 (6,990) Tax expense or benefit (878) (2,962) Tax expense or benefit
 $1,896
 $(12,980) Net of tax $(1,630) $(5,503) Net of tax
          
Unrealized holding (gains) losses, net, arising on cash flow hedges $(2,322) $(2,486) Net investment income $(1,067) $(2,911) Net investment income
 880
 
 Interest Expense 690
 1,092
 Interest Expense
 (1,442) (2,486) Total before tax (377) (1,819) Total before tax
 (505) (870) Tax expense or benefit (132) (637) Tax expense or benefit
 $(937) $(1,616) Net of tax $(245) $(1,182) Net of tax
          
Amortization of employee benefit plan items          
Prior service (benefits) $73
(1) 
$(151)
(1) 
  $(109)
(1) 
$(150)
(1) 
 
Actuarial (gains) 2,073
(1) 
2,385
(1) 
 
Actuarial losses 2,302
(1) 
2,644
(1) 
 
 2,146
 2,234
 Total before tax 2,193
 2,494
 Total before tax
 751
 782
 Tax expense or benefit 768
 873
 Tax expense or benefit
 $1,395
 $1,452
 Net of tax $1,425
 $1,621
 Net of tax
          
Total reclassification $2,354
 $(13,144) Net of tax $(450) $(5,064) Net of tax
(1) These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic (benefit) cost of employee benefit plans (see Note 9 for additional details).

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



  Nine Months Ended September 30,  
  2017 2016  
Details about accumulated other 
comprehensive income (loss) components
 Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) Affected line item in the statement where net income is presented
Unrealized holding (gains) losses, net, arising on fixed maturities, available-for-sale $(1,997) $(55,107) Other realized investment (gains) losses, net
  (1,997) (55,107) Total before tax
  (699) (19,287) Tax expense or benefit
  $(1,298) $(35,820) Net of tax
       
Unrealized holding (gains) losses, net, arising on cash flow hedges $(3,602) $(7,943) Net investment income
  2,357
 1,675
 Interest Expense
  (1,245) (6,268) Total before tax
  (436) (2,194) Tax expense or benefit
  $(809) $(4,074) Net of tax
       
Amortization of employee benefit plan items      
Prior service costs (benefits) $37
(1) 
$(452)
(1) 
 
Actuarial losses 6,448
(1) 
7,414
(1) 
 
  6,485
 6,962
 Total before tax
  2,270
 2,437
 Tax expense or benefit
  $4,215
 $4,525
 Net of tax
       
Total reclassification $2,108
 $(35,369) Net of tax
(1) These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic (benefit) cost of employee benefit plans (see Note 9 for additional details).

9.  Employee Benefit Plans
 
Net periodic cost (benefit) of the Defined Benefit Pension, Post-Retirement Medical, and Supplemental Executive Retirement plans included in general insurance expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income includes the following components:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended September 30,
Defined Benefit 
Pension Plan
 
Post-Retirement 
Medical Plan
 Supplemental Executive
Retirement Plan
 Total
Defined Benefit 
Pension Plan
 
Post-Retirement 
Medical Plan
 Supplemental Executive
Retirement Plan
 Total
2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 20162017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
Components of net periodic cost (benefit): 
  
  
  
  
  
     
  
  
  
  
  
    
Service cost$(2,067) $1,335
 $357
 $293
 $(4) $73
 $(1,714) $1,701
$2,170
 $3,417
 $378
 $349
 $(4) $73
 $2,544
 $3,839
Interest cost6,121
 6,282
 188
 175
 405
 444
 6,714
 6,901
6,114
 6,384
 192
 184
 405
 444
 6,711
 7,012
Expected return on plan assets(5,118) (6,278) 
 
 
 
 (5,118) (6,278)(4,980) (6,237) 
 
 
 
 (4,980) (6,237)
Amortization of unrecognized prior service costs (benefits)
 
 (52) (276) 125
 125
 73
 (151)
 
 (235) (275) 126
 125
 (109) (150)
Amortization of losses (gains) from earlier periods2,199
 2,485
 (113) (85) (13) (15) 2,073
 2,385
2,241
 2,726
 75
 (67) (14) (15) 2,302
 2,644
Net periodic cost (benefit)$1,135
 $3,824
 $380
 $107
 $513
 $627
 $2,028
 $4,558
$5,545
 $6,290
 $410
 $191
 $513
 $627
 $6,468
 $7,108

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 Defined Benefit 
Pension Plan
 Post-Retirement 
Medical Plan
 Supplemental Executive
Retirement Plan
 Total
 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
Components of net periodic cost (benefit): 
  
  
  
  
  
    
Service cost$1,436
 $6,087
 $1,092
 $935
 $(12) $219
 $2,516
 $7,241
Interest cost18,356
 18,948
 568
 534
 1,215
 1,332
 20,139
 20,814
Expected return on plan assets(15,216) (18,793) 
 
 
 
 (15,216) (18,793)
Amortization of unrecognized prior service costs (benefits)
 
 (339) (827) 376
 375
 37
 (452)
Amortization of losses (gains) from earlier periods6,639
 7,695
 (151) (237) (40) (44) 6,448
 7,414
Net periodic cost (benefit)$11,215
 $13,937
 $1,170
 $405
 $1,539
 $1,882
 $13,924
 $16,224

During the 3rd quarter of 2017, the Company approved an amendment to the Plan freezing all benefit accruals for pension-eligible participants as of December 31, 2017.  The Company also approved an amendment to provide pension-eligible employees with full credit for their anniversary year of services that began in 2017, even if the participants had not completed 1,000 hours of service as of December 31, 2017.  The impact of the Plan freeze was reflected on September 25, 2017, and in accordance with ASC 715 Compensation - Retirement Benefits, resulted in a curtailment gain in the amount of $17,244. Additionally, as a result of the amendment to provide an additional year of service credit, prior service cost in the amount of $1,852 was recorded in other comprehensive income as of September 30, 2017.  Under a curtailment due to a plan freeze, any unrecognized prior service cost included in other comprehensive income associated with the employees affected by the pension plan freeze must be fully recognized in benefit cost in determining the net gain or loss to be recognized for the curtailment.  Additionally, the curtailment gain recognized in the income statement is offset by accelerating, in an equal amount, the recognition of any actuarial gain or loss in other comprehensive income. $15,392 of actuarial loss was recognized from other comprehensive income to offset the net curtailment gain.  As a result, the net impact to the income statement was zero.

The Company expects to make payments of approximately $678$708 with respect to its Post-Retirement Medical Plan and $3,336 with respect to its Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan during the year ended December 31, 2017.  The Company expects to make contributions of zero to its Defined Benefit Pension Plan during the year ended December 31, 2017.  A December 31 measurement date is used for the employee benefit plans.
 
The following table summarizes contributions to the Defined Benefit Pension Plan and payments made to the Post-Retirement Medical Plan and the Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan:
 Three Months Ended March 31, Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
Payments to the Post-Retirement Medical Plan 169
 204
 155
 212
 531
 603
Payments to the Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan 834
 834
 834
 834
 2,502
 2,502

10.  Income Taxes
 
The provision for income taxes is comprised of the following:
  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2017 2016
Current expense $12,959

$10,640
Deferred expense 4,158
 13,398
Total income tax provision $17,117
 $24,038
  Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2017 2016 2017 2016
Current expense (benefit) $27,585

$(1,399) $58,845
 $41,725
Deferred (benefit) expense (5,897) 16,694
 6,128
 37,318
Total income tax provision $21,688
 $15,295
 $64,973
 $79,043


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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



The following table presents a reconciliation between the statutory federal income tax rate and the Company’s effective income tax rate:
 Three Months Ended March 31, Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
Statutory federal income tax rate 35.0 % 35.0 % 35.0 % 35.0 %
Income tax effect of:  
  
  
  
Investment income not subject to federal tax (3.3)% (2.3)% (3.9)% (2.7)%
Tax credits (0.8)% (16.3)% (0.3)% (7.3)%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit 1.8 % 2.3 % 2.8 % 2.5 %
Other, net 0.3 % 0.9 % (0.5)% (0.4)%
Effective income tax rate 33.0 % 19.6 % 33.1 % 27.1 %

During the three months ended March 31, 2017, and 2016, theThe Company recorded an increase of $4,694 and a decrease of $5,824 in unrecognized tax benefits induring the amount of $1,994nine months ended September 30, 2017, and $1,8432016, respectively. The Company anticipates additional decreasesincreases to its unrecognized tax benefits of $7,000$6,000 to $9,000$7,000 in the next twelve months. The Company expects that the majority of the decreaseincrease in its unrecognized tax benefits will not impact the effective tax rate.
 
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations by tax authorities for years 20122013 and prior.  Tax years 20132014 through 20152016 are open to federal examination by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”).  The Company does not expect significant increases or decreases to unrecognized tax benefits relating to federal, state, or local audits.
 
11.  Segment Information
 
The Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) of the Company is also the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) of the Company and Lifeco U.S. The CODM reviews the financial information for the purposes of assessing performance and allocating

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



resources based upon the results of Lifeco U.S. and other U.S. affiliates prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards. The CODM, in his capacity as CEO of the Company, reviews the Company’s financial information only
in connection with the quarterly and annual reports that are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
Consequently, the Company does not provide its discrete financial information to the CODM to be regularly reviewed to make
decisions about resources to be allocated or to assess performance. For purposes of SEC reporting requirements, the Company
has chosen to present its financial information in three segments, notwithstanding the above. The three segments are: Individual Markets, Empower Retirement, and Other. 

Individual Markets
 
The Individual Markets reporting and operating segment distributes life insurance and individual annuity products to both individuals and businesses through various distribution channels.  Life insurance products in-force include participating and non-participating term life, whole life, universal life, and variable universal life.
 
Empower Retirement
 
The Empower Retirement reporting and operating segment provides various retirement plan products and investment options as well as comprehensive administrative and record-keeping services for financial institutions and employers, which include educational, advisory, enrollment, and communication services for employer-sponsored defined contribution plans and associated defined benefit plans.
 
Other
 
The Company’s Other reporting segment is substantially comprised of activity under the assumption of reinsurance between Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Company of South Carolina (“GWSC”), a wholly owned subsidiary, and The Canada

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



Life Assurance Company (“CLAC”) (“the GWSC operating segment”), corporate items not directly allocated to the other operating segments, and interest expense on long-term debt.
 
The accounting principles used to determine segment results are the same as those used in the consolidated financial statements.  The Company evaluates performance of its reportable segments based on their profitability from operations after income taxes. Inter-segment transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.  The Company’s operations are not materially dependent on one or a few customers, brokers, or agents. The following tables summarize segment financial information:
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 Individual Empower     Individual Empower    
 Markets Retirement Other Total Markets Retirement Other Total
Revenue:  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Premium income $131,559
 $91
 $20,591
 $152,241
 $125,757
 $764
 $18,983
 $145,504
Fee income 25,981
 227,320
 1,815
 255,116
 27,780
 234,957
 1,567
 264,304
Other revenue 
 2,384
 
 2,384
 
 3,322
 
 3,322
Net investment income 184,205
 117,620
 11,646
 313,471
 185,447
 103,334
 11,801
 300,582
Realized investment gains (losses), net 584
 (12,316) (22) (11,754) 2,389
 11,472
 
 13,861
Total revenues 342,329
 335,099
 34,030
 711,458
 341,373
 353,849
 32,351
 727,573
Benefits and expenses:  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Policyholder benefits 270,088
 47,629
 21,711
 339,428
 272,396
 53,736
 18,109
 344,241
Operating expenses 38,386
 255,764
 25,933
 320,083
 41,332
 255,623
 18,108
 315,063
Total benefits and expenses 308,474
 303,393
 47,644
 659,511
 313,728
 309,359
 36,217
 659,304
Income (loss) before income taxes 33,855
 31,706
 (13,614) 51,947
 27,645
 44,490
 (3,866) 68,269
Income tax expense (benefit) 11,650
 10,426
 (4,959) 17,117
 9,398
 13,641
 (1,351) 21,688
Net income (loss) $22,205
 $21,280
 $(8,655) $34,830
 $18,247
 $30,849
 $(2,515) $46,581
 
  Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
  Individual Empower    
  Markets Retirement Other Total
Revenue:  
  
  
  
Premium income $126,770
 $605
 $18,725
 $146,100
Fee income 23,553
 221,342
 1,518
 246,413
Other revenue 
 3,228
 
 3,228
Net investment income 185,747
 94,383
 11,409
 291,539
Realized investment gains (losses), net 11,026
 21,565
 783
 33,374
Total revenues 347,096
 341,123
 32,435
 720,654
Benefits and expenses:  
  
  
  
Policyholder benefits 280,821
 51,730
 14,310
 346,861
Operating expenses 35,948
 263,327
 19,206
 318,481
Total benefits and expenses 316,769
 315,057
 33,516
 665,342
Income (loss) before income taxes 30,327
 26,066
 (1,081) 55,312
Income tax expense (benefit) 10,102
 5,442
 (249) 15,295
Net income (loss) $20,225
 $20,624
 $(832) $40,017


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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



 Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 Individual Empower     Individual Empower    
 Markets Retirement Other Total Markets Retirement Other Total
Revenue:  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Premium income $133,286
 $346
 $21,295
 $154,927
 $302,017
 $1,908
 $61,483
 $365,408
Fee income 22,724
 200,923
 1,420
 225,067
 82,960
 698,850
 4,948
 786,758
Other revenue 
 3,149
 
 3,149
 
 9,367
 
 9,367
Net investment income 207,693
 110,534
 13,558
 331,785
 562,440
 313,710
 35,124
 911,274
Realized investment gains (losses), net 11,806
 19,471
 (7) 31,270
 7,010
 17,168
 (7) 24,171
Total revenues 375,509
 334,423
 36,266
 746,198
 954,427
 1,041,003
 101,548
 2,096,978
Benefits and expenses:  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Policyholder benefits 267,497
 49,917
 19,329
 336,743
 740,655
 152,067
 60,491
 953,213
Operating expenses 37,223
 231,640
 17,928
 286,791
 127,137
 760,564
 59,854
 947,555
Total benefits and expenses 304,720
 281,557
 37,257
 623,534
 867,792
 912,631
 120,345
 1,900,768
Income (loss) before income taxes 70,789
 52,866
 (991) 122,664
 86,635
 128,372
 (18,797) 196,210
Income tax expense (benefit) 23,834
 651
 (447) 24,038
 29,579
 42,063
 (6,669) 64,973
Net income (loss) $46,955
 $52,215
 $(544) $98,626
 $57,056
 $86,309
 $(12,128) $131,237

  Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
  Individual Empower    
  Markets Retirement Other Total
Revenue:  
  
  
  
Premium income $311,110
 $1,311
 $65,424
 $377,845
Fee income 71,823
 633,679
 4,342
 709,844
Other revenue 
 9,747
 
 9,747
Net investment income 619,633
 321,972
 37,475
 979,080
Realized investment gains (losses), net 37,602
 68,278
 777
 106,657
Total revenues 1,040,168
 1,034,987
 108,018
 2,183,173
Benefits and expenses:  
  
  
  
Policyholder benefits 749,790
 153,587
 43,499
 946,876
Operating expenses 127,181
 761,827
 55,807
 944,815
Total benefits and expenses 876,971
 915,414
 99,306
 1,891,691
Income before income taxes 163,197
 119,573
 8,712
 291,482
Income tax expense 55,183
 20,579
 3,281
 79,043
Net income $108,014
 $98,994
 $5,431
 $212,439

12.  Commitments and Contingencies
 
Commitments

The Company has a revolving credit facility agreement in the amount of $50,000 for general corporate purposes.  The credit facility expires on March 1, 2018.  Interest accrues at a rate dependent on various conditions and terms of borrowings.  The agreement requires, among other things, the Company to maintain a minimum adjusted net worth of $1,100,000, as defined in the credit facility agreement (compiled on the statutory accounting basis prescribed by the National Association of Insurance

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(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



Commissioners), at anytime.  The Company was in compliance with all covenants at March 31,September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016.  At March 31,September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, there were no outstanding amounts related to the credit facility.

GWSC and CLAC are parties to a reinsurance agreement pursuant to which GWSC assumes term life insurance from CLAC.  GWL&A Financial obtained two letters of credit for the benefit of the Company as collateral under the GWSC and CLAC reinsurance agreement for policy liabilities and capital support.  The first letter of credit is for $1,154,380$1,141,440 and renews annually until it expires on July 3, 2027.  The second letter of credit is for $70,000 and renews annually untilunless the Company terminates it expires on December 31, 2017.under the provisions specified in the agreement.  At March 31,September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, there were no outstanding amounts related to the letters of credit.

In addition, the Company has other letters of credit with a total amount of $9,095, renewable annually for an indefinite period of time. At March 31,September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, there were no outstanding amounts related to those letters of credit.

The Company makes commitments to fund partnership interests, mortgage loans on real estate, and other investments in the normal course of its business.  The amounts of these unfunded commitments at March 31,September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, were $550,139as follows:
 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Due in less than one year$464,957
 $438,458
Due within one to three years2,239
 
Total$467,196
 $438,458


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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands)
(Unaudited)



Included in the total unfunded commitments at September 30, 2017, and $438,458, of which $88,903December 31, 2016, is $76,617 and $93,440, wererespectively, related to cost basis limited partnership interests, respectively, all of which is due within one year from the dates indicated.

Contingencies
 
From time to time, the Company may be threatened with, or named as a defendant in, lawsuits, arbitrations, and administrative claims. Any such claims that are decided against the Company could harm the Company’s business. The Company is also subject to periodic regulatory audits and inspections which could result in fines or other disciplinary actions. Unfavorable outcomes in such matters may result in a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

The Company is defending lawsuits relating to the costs and features of certain of its retirement or fund products. These actions have not reached the trial stage. Management believes the claims are without merit and will defend these actions. Based on the information known, these actions will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position of the Company.

The Company is involved in other various legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of its business.  In the opinion of management, after consultation with counsel, the likelihood of loss from the resolution of these proceedings is remote and/or the estimated loss is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of its operations, or cash flows.

13.  Subsequent Events

On April 26, 2017,The Company evaluated subsequent events through the Company’s Board of Directors declared a dividend of $60,301 payable on June 15, 2017, to its sole shareholder, GWL&A Financial.date the condensed consolidated financial statements were issued. The Company concluded that no subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition or disclosure in the condensed consolidated financial statements.




Item 2.   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

General
 
As used in this Form 10-Q, the “Company” refers to Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Company, a stock life insurance company originally organized on March 28, 1907 and domiciled in the state of Colorado, and its subsidiaries.
 
This Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements.  Forward-looking statements are statements not based on historical information and that relate to future operations, strategies, financial results, or other developments.  In particular, statements using words such as “may,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “estimates,” “expected,” “anticipate,” “believe,” or words of similar import generally involve forward-looking statements.  Without limiting the foregoing, forward-looking statements include statements that represent the Company’s beliefs concerning future or projected levels of sales of its products, investment spreads or yields, or the earnings or profitability of the Company’s activities.
 
Forward-looking statements are necessarily based upon estimates and assumptions that are inherently subject to significant business, economic, and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond the Company’s control and many of which, with respect to future business decisions, are subject to change.  Some of these risks are described in “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.  These uncertainties and contingencies can affect actual results and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by, or on behalf of, the Company.  Whether or not actual results differ materially from forward-looking statements may depend on numerous foreseeable and unforeseeable events or developments, some of which may be global or national in scope, such as general economic conditions and interest rates, some of which may be related to the insurance industry generally, such as pricing competition, regulatory developments and industry consolidation, and others of which may relate to the Company specifically, such as credit, volatility, and other risks associated with its investment portfolio and other factors. 

Readers should also consider other matters, including any risks and uncertainties, discussed in documents filed by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The following discussion addresses the Company’s results of operations for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, compared with the same period in 2016.  This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, under Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” to which the reader is directed for additional information.

Recent Events

Empower Retirement has completed its program activities related to integrating the J.P. Morgan Retirement Plan Services business, improving the client-facing experience as well as streamlining the back-office processing. The Company expects that these enhancements will increase market share by driving future sales and improving the retention of participants and assets. Empower Retirement participant accounts have grown to approximately 8.2 million at March 31, 2017 from over 8 million at December 31, 2016.

Synergies have been achieved through efficiencies from the conversion of business onto a single back-office platform, increased utilization of Great West Global, which launched in the third quarter of 2015, with over 600 professionals based in India, as well as scale-driven cost improvements. The impact of these synergies has been mostly offset by the reinvestment in ongoing development as well as customer acquisition and retention.

On April 6, 2016, the U.S. Department of Labor (“DOL”) issued a new rule redefining and expanding who is a fiduciary by reason of providing investment advice to a retirement plan or holder of an individual retirement account.  Compliance with the rule was generally required by April 10, 2017 (certain parts by January 1, 2018). On April 4, 2017, the DOL extended the general compliance date for the rule from April 10, 2017 to June 9, 2017 (with no extension of the January 1, 2018 date). The Company has analyzed the rule against current business practices.practices, particularly in its Empower Retirement and Individual Markets businesses.  The rule requires changes to certain aspects of product and service delivery but management does not expect that it will prevent the CompanyGreat-West Financial from executing on itstheir overall business strategy and growth objectives.  The Company is continuing with its implementation plan forin compliance with the newcomponents of the rule that were effective June 9, 2017 and is preparing to be fully compliant by January 1, 2018 if required. The DOL has proposed an extension of the full compliance date.date to July 1, 2019.  The Company is monitoring the DOL’s decision whether to finalize an extension.

The Company continues to monitor the potential for significant policy changes following the 2016 U.S. elections,release of the Tax Reform Framework by the Trump Administration, House Ways and Means Committee and Senate Finance Committee; including corporate tax reform which would have an impact on the Company’sCompany's deferred tax assets and liabilities as well as the effective tax rate in subsequent periods.



Current Market Conditions
 
The S&P 500 index at March 31,September 30, 2017 was up by 6%4% compared to June 30, 2017 and up by 12.5% compared to January 1, 2017. The S&P 500 index at March 31,September 30, 2016 was up by less than 1%3% compared to June 30, 2016 and was up by 6% compared to January 1, 2016.  The average of the S&P 500 index was up by 19%14% and 16% during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, respectively, when compared to the same period in 2016.
 2017 2016 2017 2016
S&P 500 Index Close Average in Quarter Close Average in Quarter Close Average in Quarter Average for Year to Date Close Average in Quarter Average for Year to Date
September 30 2,519
 2,465
 2,396
 2,168
 2,161
 2,063
June 30 2,423
 2,396
 2,360
 2,099
 2,074
 2,013
March 31 2,363
 2,324
 2,060
 1,952
 2,363
 2,324
 2,324
 2,060
 1,952
 1,952
January 1 2,239
   2,044
   2,239
     2,044
    

Variable asset-based fees earned by the Company fluctuate with changes in participant account balances. Participant account balances change due to cash flow and unrealized market gains and losses, which are primarily associated with changes in the U.S. equities market. Fee income increased for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. For the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, the variance was primarily due to higher asset-based fees, driven by growth in these assets, due to positive net cash flows and higher average equity market levels.
 
The 10-year U.S. Treasury rate at March 31,September 30, 2017, was up by 2 basis points as compared to June 30, 2017 and was down by 1012 basis points as compared to January 1, 2017. The rate at March 31,September 30, 2016 was up by 11 basis points as compared to June 30, 2016 and was down by 4967 basis points as compared to January 1, 2016. The average of the 10-year U.S. Treasury rate during the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, was up by 5468 basis points when compared to 2016 and the rate during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was up by 58 basis points when compared to 2016.
 2017 2016 2017 2016
10-Year Treasury Rate Close Average in Quarter Close Average in Quarter Close Average in Quarter Average for Year to Date Close Average in Quarter Average for Year to Date
September 30 2.33% 2.24% 2.32% 1.60% 1.56% 1.74%
June 30 2.31% 2.26% 2.35% 1.49% 1.75% 1.89%
March 31 2.35% 2.45% 1.78% 1.91% 2.35% 2.45% 2.45% 1.78% 1.91% 1.91%
January 1 2.45%   2.27%   2.45%     2.27%    

Unrealized gains on fixed maturity investments fluctuate with changes in the prevailing interest rates. When interest rates decrease, market values of fixed maturity investments generally increase. The Company has recorded in other comprehensive income favorable changes in unrealized gains (losses), net, on fixed maturity investments, of $134$37 million and $406 million for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, compared to favorable changes of $430$48 million and $846 million for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2016. This resulted in an increase in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of policy holder related amounts, and deferred taxes.

The Company employs hedging strategies for the purpose of managing the interest rate, foreign currency exchange rate, and equity market risks impacting the Company’s business. For some derivative instruments, hedge accounting is not elected; therefore all gains or losses from these transactions are recorded in the condensed consolidated statement of income. As a result, fluctuations in interest rates, foreign currencies, or equity markets may cause the Company to experience volatility in net income. For the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, the Company recorded realized lossesgains on forward settling to be announced (“TBA”) securities of $6$7 million and $20 million, respectively, compared to gains of $3$19 million and $32 million, respectively in 2016. For the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, the Company recorded losses in net investment income on cross-currency swaps of $14$16 million and $38 million, compared to gains of $12$2 million and $62 million, respectively, in 2016.



Reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted Operating Income

The Company uses the same accounting policies and procedures to measure adjusted operating income as it uses to measure consolidated net income. The Company employs hedging strategies for the purpose of managing the interest rate, foreign currency exchange rate, and equity market risks impacting the Company’s business.  For some derivative instruments, hedge accounting is not elected; therefore, all gains or losses from these transactions are recorded in the consolidated statement of income.  As a result, fluctuations in interest rates, foreign currencies, or equity markets may cause the Company to experience volatility in net income. As such, the Company has defined adjusted operating income as net income, excluding realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments and derivatives and their related tax effect. Adjusted operating income should not be viewed as a substitute for net income prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP). In addition, the Company’s adjusted operating income measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.


Three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 compared with the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2016
 
The Company believes that the presentation of adjusted operating income enhances the understanding of the Company’s performance by highlighting the results of operations and the underlying profitability drivers of the business. Adjusted operating income should not be viewed as a substitute for U.S. GAAP net income. The following is a summary of the contributions of each segment to net income and a reconciliation of net income to adjusted operating income:
 Three Months Ended March 31, Increase Percentage Three Months Ended September 30, Increase Percentage
Income statement data (In millions) 2017 2016 (decrease) change 2017 2016 (decrease) change
Net (loss) income        
Net income (loss)        
Individual Markets segment $22
 $47
 $(25) (53)% $18
 $20
 $(2) (10)%
Empower Retirement segment 21
 52
 (31) (60)% 31
 21
 10
 48 %
Other segment (8) (1) (7) 700 % (3) (1) (2) 200 %
Total net (loss) income 35
 98
 (63) (64)%
Adjustments to net (loss) income        
Total net income (loss) 46
 40
 6
 15 %
Adjustments to net income (loss)        
Unrealized investment gains (losses), net (3) 28
 (31) (111)% (19) (9) (10) 111 %
Realized investment gains (losses), net (12) 31
 (43) (139)% 13
 33
 (20) (61)%
Pro-rata tax (expense) benefit (1)
 5
 (21) 26
 (124)% 2
 (8) 10
 (125)%
Adjusted operating income (loss) $45
 $60
 $(15) (25)% $50
 $24
 $26
 108 %

(1) Calculated utilizing estimated tax rate of 35%.

Unrealized investment gains (losses), net, had an unfavorable change of $31$10 million, or 111%, from a gainloss of $28$9 million in 2016 to a loss of $3$19 million in 2017. The change was due to a $29$19 million unfavorable change from derivatives, in addition to an unfavorable change of $6 million from bonds, partially offset by aan favorable change of $4$8 million from forward settling TBA securities.

Realized investment gains (losses), net, had an unfavorable change of $43$20 million, or 139%61%, from a gain of $31$33 million in 2016 to a lossgain of $12$13 million in 2017. The change was primarily due to a $36 million unfavorable change from bonds, a $9$12 million unfavorable change from forward settling TBA securities partially offset byand a $2$9 million favorableunfavorable change from mortgages.bonds.

Pro-rata tax expense changed by $26$10 million, or 125%, from an expense of $8 million in 2016 to a benefit of $5$2 million in 2017, primarily due to the unfavorable change in total unrealized and realized investment gains (losses), net.



Nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2016

The following is a summary of the contributions of each segment to the net income and a reconciliation of net income to operating income:

  Nine Months Ended September 30, Increase Percentage
Income statement data (In millions) 2017 2016 (decrease) change
Net income (loss)        
Individual Markets segment $57
 $108
 $(51) (47)%
Empower Retirement segment 86
 99
 (13) (13)%
Other segment (12) 5
 (17) (340)%
Total net income (loss) 131
 212
 (81) (38)%
Adjustments to net income (loss)        
Unrealized investment gains (losses), net (39) 73
 (112) (153)%
Realized investment gains (losses), net 24
 107
 (83) (78)%
Pro-rata tax (expense) benefit (1)
 6
 (63) 69
 110 %
Adjusted operating income (loss) $140
 $95
 $45
 47 %

(1) Calculated utilizing estimated tax rate of 35%.

Unrealized investment gains (losses), net, had an unfavorable change of $112 million, or 153%, from a gain of $73 million in 2016 to a loss of $39 million in 2017. The primary drivers of the change was a $103 million unfavorable change in unrealized gains on derivatives and an $10 million unfavorable change in unrealized gains on forward settling TBA securities.

Realized investment gains (losses), net, had an unfavorable change of $83 million, or 78%, to $24 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. The change was primarily driven by an unfavorable change of $78 million from losses on bonds and an $11 million unfavorable change in unrealized gains on forward settling TBA securities.

Pro-rata tax expense (benefit) had a change of $69 million, or 110%, from a $63 million expense to a $6 million benefit during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016, resulting from the unfavorable change in total unrealized and realized investment gains (losses), net.



Company Results of Operations
 
Three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 compared with the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2016
 
The following is a summary of certain financial data of the Company:
 Three Months Ended March 31, Increase Percentage Three Months Ended September 30, Increase Percentage
Income statement data (In millions) 2017 2016 (decrease) change 2017 2016 (decrease) change
Premium income $153
 $155
 $(2) (1)% $146
 $146
 $
  %
Fee income 255
 225
 30
 13 % 264
 246
 18
 7 %
Other revenue 2
 3
 (1) (33)% 3
 3
 
  %
Adjusted net investment income 316
 304
 12
 4 % 320
 301
 19
 6 %
Total adjusted operating revenues 726
 687
 39
 6 % 733
 696
 37
 5 %
Policyholder benefits 339
 337
 2
 1 % 344
 347
 (3) (1)%
Operating expenses 320
 287
 33
 11 % 315
 318
 (3) (1)%
Total benefits and expenses 659
 624
 35
 6 % 659
 665
 (6) (1)%
Adjusted operating income (loss) before income taxes 67
 63
 4
 6 % 74
 31
 43
 139 %
Adjusted income tax (benefit) expense 22
 3
 19
 633 %
Adjusted income tax expense (benefit) 24
 7
 17
 243 %
Adjusted operating income (loss) $45
 $60
 $(15) (25)% $50
 $24
 $26
 108 %

The Company’s consolidated adjusted operating income decreased by $15had a favorable change of $26 million, or 25%108%, to $45$50 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. The decreaseincrease was primarily due to increased operating expensesadjusted net investment income and adjustedhigher fee income, tax expense, partially offset by higher fee income and favorable changes in adjusted net investment income.increased tax expense.

Fee income increased by $30had a favorable change of $18 million, or 13%7%, to $255$264 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. This increase was primarily related to an increase in asset-based variable fee income resulting from increased average asset levels driven by sales and higher average equity market levels.

Adjusted net investment income increased by $12 million, or 4%, to $316 million. The increase was primarily related to higher investment income earned on bonds, mortgages, and policy loans as a result of higher invested asset balances, partially offset by lower yields.

Operating expenses increased by $33 million, or 11%, to $320 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016 primarily due to higher salaries and benefits and deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”) amortization.
Adjusted income tax expense increased by $19 million, from an expense of $3 million in 2016 to $22 million in 2017 primarily due to a management election to claim foreign tax credits during 2016.








Individual Markets Segment Results of Operations
Three months ended March 31, 2017 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2016
The following is a summary of certain financial data of the Individual Markets segment:
  Three Months Ended March 31, Increase Percentage
Income statement data (In millions) 2017 2016 (decrease) change
Premium income $132
 $134
 $(2) (1)%
Fee income 26
 23
 3
 13 %
Adjusted net investment income 190
 186
 4
 2 %
Total adjusted operating revenues 348
 343
 5
 1 %
Policyholder benefits 270
 268
 2
 1 %
Operating expenses 38
 37
 1
 3 %
Total benefits and expenses 308
 305
 3
 1 %
Adjusted operating income (loss) before income taxes 40
 38
 2
 5 %
Adjusted income tax (benefit) expense 14
 11
 3
 27 %
Adjusted operating income (loss) $26
 $27
 $(1) (4)%
Adjusted operating income for the Individual Markets segment during the three months ended March 31, 2017 was comparable to to the same period in 2016. This was primarily due to favorable changes in adjusted net investment income, partially offset by increased adjusted income tax expense.

Adjusted net investment income had a favorable change of $4 million, or 2%, to $190 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. The primary driver of the change was higher investment income on bonds and mortgages as a result of higher invested asset balances, partially offset by lower yields.

Adjusted income tax expense increased by $3 million, from an expense of $11 million in 2016 to $14 million in 2017 primarily due to favorable changes in net investment income.


��




Empower Retirement Segment Results of Operations
Three months ended March 31, 2017 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2016
The following is a summary of certain financial data of the Empower Retirement segment:
  Three Months Ended March 31, Increase Percentage
Income statement data (In millions) 2017 2016 (decrease) change
Fee income $227
 $201
 $26
 13 %
Other revenue 2
 3
 (1) (33)%
Adjusted net investment income 115
 104
 11
 11 %
Total adjusted operating revenues 344
 308
 36
 12 %
Policyholder benefits 48
 50
 (2) (4)%
Operating expenses 256
 232
 24
 10 %
Total benefits and expenses 304
 282
 22
 8 %
Adjusted operating income (loss) before income taxes 40
 26
 14
 54 %
Adjusted income tax (benefit) expense 13
 (8) 21
 (263)%
Adjusted operating income (loss) $27
 $34
 $(7) (21)%
Adjusted operating income for the Empower Retirement segment decreased by $7 million, or 21%, to $27 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. The change was primarily due to higher operating expenses and adjusted income tax expense, partially offset by favorable fee income and adjusted net investment income.

Fee income increased by $26 million, or 13%, to $227 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. This increase was primarily related to an increase in asset-based variable fee income resulting from increased average asset levels driven by sales and higher average equity market levels.

Adjusted net investment income had a favorable change of $11$19 million, or 11%6%, to $115$320 million. The increase was primarily related to higher investment income earned on bonds, mortgages, and policy loans as a result of higher invested asset balances.
Adjusted income tax expense increased by $17 million, from an expense of $7 million in 2016 to $24 million in 2017 primarily due to increased adjusted operating income before income taxes.
















Nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2016
The following is a summary of certain financial data of the Company:
  Nine Months Ended September 30, Increase Percentage
Income statement data (In millions) 2017 2016 (decrease) change
Premium income $365
 $378
 $(13) (3)%
Fee income 787
 710
 77
 11 %
Other revenue 9
 10
 (1) (10)%
Adjusted net investment income 951
 905
 46
 5 %
Total adjusted operating revenues 2,112
 2,003
 109
 5 %
Policyholder benefits 953
 947
 6
 1 %
Operating expenses 948
 945
 3
  %
Total benefits and expenses 1,901
 1,892
 9
  %
Adjusted operating income (loss) before income taxes 211
 111
 100
 90 %
Adjusted income tax expense (benefit) 71
 16
 55
 344 %
Adjusted operating income (loss) $140
 $95
 $45
 47 %

The Company’s consolidated adjusted operating income had a favorable change of $45 million or 47%, to $140 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. The change was primarily due to higher fee income and adjusted net investment income, partially offset by higher adjusted income tax expense.

Fee income had a favorable change of $77 million, or 11% to $787 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. This was primarily related to an increase in asset-based variable fee income resulting from increased average asset levels driven by sales and higher average equity market levels.

Adjusted net investment income had a favorable change of $46 million, or 5%, to $951 million. The increase was primarily related to higher investment income earned on bonds, mortgages, and policy loans as a result of higher invested asset balances.
Adjusted income tax expense had an unfavorable change of $55 million or 344%, to $71 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016 primarily due to an increase in adjusted operating income before income taxes in addition to a management election to claim foreign tax credits in the prior year.



Individual Markets Segment Results of Operations
Three months ended September 30, 2017 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2016
The following is a summary of certain financial data of the Individual Markets segment:
  Three Months Ended September 30, Increase Percentage
Income statement data (In millions) 2017 2016 (decrease) change
Premium income $126
 $127
 $(1) (1)%
Fee income 28
 24
 4
 17 %
Adjusted net investment income 197
 191
 6
 3 %
Total adjusted operating revenues 351
 342
 9
 3 %
Policyholder benefits 272
 281
 (9) (3)%
Operating expenses 41
 36
 5
 14 %
Total benefits and expenses 313
 317
 (4) (1)%
Adjusted operating income (loss) before income taxes 38
 25
 13
 52 %
Adjusted income tax expense (benefit) 12
 8
 4
 50 %
Adjusted operating income (loss) $26
 $17
 $9
 53 %
Adjusted operating income for the Individual Markets segment had a favorable change of $9 million, or 53%, to $26 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. The increase was primarily due to lower policyholder benefits expense, higher adjusted net investment income and fee income, partially offset by higher operating expenses and adjusted income tax expense.

Fee income increased by $4 million, or 17%, to $28 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. This was primarily related to an increase in asset-based variable fee income resulting from increased average asset levels driven by sales.

Adjusted net investment income had a favorable change of $6 million, or 3%, to $197 million. The increase was primarily related to higher investment income earned on bonds, mortgages, and policy loans as a result of higher invested asset balances.

Policyholder benefits decreased by $9 million, or 3%, to $272 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016 primarily due to favorable mortality experience.

Operating expenses had a unfavorable change of $5 million, or 14%, to $41 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. The primary driver of this decrease is higher DAC amortization.

Adjusted income tax expense increased by $4 million, from an expense of $8 million in 2016 to $12 million in 2017 primarily due to an increase in adjusted operating income before income taxes.



Nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2016

The following is a summary of certain financial data of the Individual Markets segment:
  Nine Months Ended September 30, Increase Percentage
Income statement data (In millions) 2017 2016 (decrease) change
Premium income $302
 $311
 $(9) (3)%
Fee income 83
 72
 11
 15 %
Adjusted net investment income 581
 569
 12
 2 %
Total revenues 966
 952
 14
 1 %
Policyholder benefits 741
 750
 (9) (1)%
Operating expenses 127
 127
 
  %
Total benefits and expenses 868
 877
 (9) (1)%
Adjusted operating income (loss) before income taxes 98
 75
 23
 31 %
Adjusted income tax expense (benefit) 34
 24
 10
 42 %
Adjusted operating income (loss)

 $64
 $51
 $13
 25 %

Adjusted operating income for the Individual Markets segment had a favorable change of $13 million, or 25%, to $64 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. The change was primarily due to a favorable change in adjusted net investment income and higher fee income, partially offset by higher adjusted income tax expense.
Fee income increased by $11 million, or 15%, to $83 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. This was primarily related to an increase in asset-based variable fee income resulting from increased average asset levels driven by sales.

Adjusted net investment income had a favorable change of $12 million, or 2%, to $581 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. This was due to higher investment income earned on bonds, mortgages, and policy loans as a result of higher invested asset balances.
Adjusted income tax expense increased by $10 million, from an expense of $24 million in 2016 to $34 million in 2017 primarily due to an increase in adjusted operating income before income taxes.



Empower Retirement Segment Results of Operations
Three months ended September 30, 2017 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2016
The following is a summary of certain financial data of the Empower Retirement segment:
  Three Months Ended September 30, Increase Percentage
Income statement data (In millions) 2017 2016 (decrease) change
Premium income $1
 $
 $1
 100 %
Fee income 235
 $221
 14
 6 %
Other revenue 3
 3
 
  %
Adjusted net investment income 111
 99
 12
 12 %
Total adjusted operating revenues 350
 323
 27
 8 %
Policyholder benefits 54
 52
 2
 4 %
Operating expenses 256
 263
 (7) (3)%
Total benefits and expenses 310
 315
 (5) (2)%
Adjusted operating income (loss) before income taxes 40
 8
 32
 400 %
Adjusted income tax expense (benefit) 13
 (1) 14
 (1,400)%
Adjusted operating income (loss) $27
 $9
 $18
 200 %
Adjusted operating income for the Empower Retirement segment increased by $18 million, or 200%, to $27 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. The change was primarily due to higher fee income, higher adjusted net investment income, partially offset by higher adjusted income tax expense.

Fee income increased by $14 million, or 6%, to $235 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. This increase was primarily related to an increase in asset-based variable fee income resulting from increased average asset levels driven by sales and higher average equity market levels.

Adjusted net investment income had a favorable change of $12 million, or 12%, to $111 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. The primary driver of the change was higher investment income on bonds, mortgages and mortgagespolicy loans as a result of higher invested asset balances, partially offset by lower yields.

Operating expenses increased by $24 million, or 10%, to $256 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. The increase was primarily due to higher salaries and benefits and DAC amortization.balances.

Adjusted income tax expense had an unfavorable change of $21$14 million, or 263%1,400%, to $13 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. The increased tax expense is primarily due to higher adjusted operating income before income taxes.



Nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2016

The following is a summary of certain financial data of the Empower Retirement segment:
  Nine Months Ended September 30, Increase Percentage
Income statement data (In millions) 2017 2016 (decrease) change
Premium income $2
 $1
 $1
 100 %
Fee income 699
 634
 65
 10 %
Other revenue 9
 10
 (1) (10)%
Adjusted net investment income 335
 299
 36
 12 %
Total adjusted operating revenues 1,045
 944
 101
 11 %
Policyholder benefits 152
 154
 (2) (1)%
Operating expenses 761
 762
 (1)  %
Total benefits and expenses 913
 916
 (3)  %
Adjusted operating income (loss) before income taxes 132
 28
 104
 371 %
Adjusted income tax expense (benefit) 44
 (11) 55
 (500)%
Adjusted operating income (loss) $88
 $39
 $49
 126 %
Adjusted operating income for the Empower Retirement segment had an favorable change of $49 million, or 126%, to $88 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. The change was primarily due to higher fee income and adjusted net investment income, partially offset by higher adjusted income tax expense.
Fee income increased by $65 million, or 10%, to $699 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. This was primarily related to an increase in asset-based variable fee income resulting from increased average asset levels driven by sales and higher average equity market levels.

Adjusted net investment income had a favorable change of $36 million, or 12%, to $335 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. The primary driver of the change was higher investment income on bonds, mortgages, and policy loans as a result of higher invested asset balances.

Adjusted income tax expense had an increase of $55 million, or 500%, to $44 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. The change was primarily as a result of to higher adjusted operating income before income taxes in addition to a management election to claim foreign tax credits in addition to a decrease in adjusted operating income before tax during 2016.



prior year.



Other Segment Results of Operations
 
Three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 compared with the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2016
 
The following is a summary of certain financial data of the Company’s Other segment:
 Three Months Ended March 31, Increase Percentage Three Months Ended September 30, Increase Percentage
Income statement data (In millions) 2017 2016 (decrease) change 2017 2016 (decrease) change
Premium income $21
 $21
 $
  % $19
 $19
 $
  %
Fee income 2
 1
 1
 100 % 1
 1
 
  %
Adjusted net investment income 11
 14
 (3) (21)% 12
 11
 1
 9 %
Total adjusted operating revenues 34
 36
 (2) (6)% 32
 31
 1
 3 %
Policyholder benefits 21
 19
 2
 11 % 18
 14
 4
 29 %
Operating expenses 26
 18
 8
 44 % 18
 19
 (1) (5)%
Total benefits and expenses 47
 37
 10
 27 % 36
 33
 3
 9 %
Adjusted operating income (loss) before income taxes (13) (1) (12) 1,200 % (4) (2) (2) 100 %
Adjusted income tax (benefit) expense (5) 
 (5) 100 %
Adjusted income tax expense (benefit) (1) 
 (1) 100 %
Adjusted operating income (loss) $(8) $(1) $(7) 700 % $(3) $(2) $(1) 50 %
  
Adjusted operating lossincome for the Company’s Other segment increaseddecreased by $7$1 million, or 700%50%, to a loss of $8$3 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 compared to a loss of $1$2 million in 2016. The increasedecrease in adjusted operating lossincome was primarily due to an increase in policyholder benefits expense, partially offset by lower adjusted income tax expense.

Policyholder benefits expense increased by $4 million, or 29%, to $18 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 primarily due to lower surrenders than expected on a closed block of business.

Adjusted income tax benefit increased by $1 million, or 100%, to $1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 primarily due to a higher adjusted operating loss before income taxes when compared to the same period in prior year.



Nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2016

The following is a summary of certain financial data of the Company’s Other segment:
  Nine Months Ended September 30, Increase Percentage
Income statement data (In millions) 2017 2016 (decrease) change
Premium income $61
 $66
 $(5) (8)%
Fee income 5
 4
 1
 25 %
Adjusted net investment income 35
 37
 (2) (5)%
Total adjusted operating revenues 101
 107
 (6) (6)%
Policyholder benefits 60
 43
 17
 40 %
Operating expenses 60
 56
 4
 7 %
Total benefits and expenses 120
 99
 21
 21 %
Adjusted operating income (loss) before income taxes (19) 8
 (27) (338)%
Adjusted income tax expense (benefit) (7) 3
 (10) (333)%
Adjusted operating income (loss) $(12) $5
 $(17) (340)%

Adjusted operating income for the Company’s Other segment had an unfavorable change of $17 million or 340%, to a loss of $12 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, when compared to income of $5 million in 2016. The change in adjusted operating income is primarily due to lower premium income, higher policyholder benefits expense and higher operating expenses, partially offset by an increase in thelower adjusted income tax benefit.expense.

Premium income decreased by $5 million, or 8%, to $61 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 primarily due to a closed block of business.

Policyholder benefits increased by $17 million, or 40%, to $60 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 primarily due to lower surrenders than expected on a closed block of business.

Operating expenses increased by $8$4 million, or 44%7%, to $26$60 million for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 primarily due to restructuring costs.

Adjusted income tax benefit increased by $5expense (benefit) had a favorable change of $10 million or 100%333%, to a benefit of $7 million for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 primarily due to a higheran adjusted operating loss before tax.



income taxes as compared to an adjusted operating income before income taxes in the prior period.



Investment Operations
 
The Company’s primary investment objective is to acquire assets with duration and cash flow characteristics reflective of its liabilities, while meeting industry, size, issuer, and geographic diversification standards.  Formal liquidity and credit quality parameters have also been established.

The Company follows rigorous procedures to control interest rate risk and observes strict asset and liability matching guidelines.  These guidelines ensure that even under changing market conditions, the Company’s assets should meet the cash flow and income requirements of its liabilities. Using dynamic modeling to analyze the effects of a range of possible market changes upon investments and policyholder benefits, the Company works to ensure that its investment portfolio is appropriately structured to fulfill financial obligations to its policyholders.
 
The following table presents the percentage distribution of the carrying values of the Company’s general account investment portfolio: 
(In millions)
March 31, 2017
December 31, 2016
September 30, 2017
December 31, 2016
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale
$22,042

71.4%
$22,154

72.4%
$23,013

72.0%
$22,154

72.4%
Fixed maturities, held-for-trading
186

0.6%
515

1.7%
60

0.2%
515

1.7%
Mortgage loans on real estate
3,845

12.4%
3,559

11.6%
3,943

12.3%
3,559

11.6%
Policy loans
4,017

13.0%
4,020

13.1%
4,074

12.7%
4,020

13.1%
Short-term investments
743

2.4%
303

1.0%
823

2.6%
303

1.0%
Limited partnership and other corporation interests
38

0.1%
35

0.1%
45

0.1%
35

0.1%
Other investments
15

0.1%
15

0.1%
20

0.1%
15

0.1%
Total investments
$30,886

100.0%
$30,601

100.0%
$31,978

100.0%
$30,601

100.0%
 
Fixed Maturity Investments
 
Fixed maturity investments include public and privately placed corporate bonds, government bonds, and mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities.  Included in available-for-sale fixed maturities are perpetual debt investments which primarily consist of junior subordinated debt instruments that have no stated maturity date but pay fixed or floating interest in perpetuity.  The Company’s strategy related to mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities is to focus on those investments with low prepayment risk and minimal credit risk.
 
Private placement investments are generally less marketable than publicly traded assets, yet they typically offer enhanced covenant protection that allows the Company, if necessary, to take appropriate action to protect its investment.  The Company believes that the cost of the additional monitoring and analysis required by private placement investments is more than offset by their enhanced yield.
 
One of the Company’s primary objectives is to ensure that its fixed maturity portfolio is maintained at a high average credit quality to limit credit risk.  All securities are internally rated by the Company on a basis intended to be similar to that of independent external rating agencies and the Company generally considers ratings from several of these major ratings agencies to develop its internal rating. In addition, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) implemented a ratings methodology for residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), and other structured securities.  The Company may also utilize inputs from this ratings process to develop its internal rating.

The percentage distribution of the estimated fair value of the Company’s fixed maturity portfolio by the Company’s internal credit rating is summarized as follows:
Credit Rating March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
AAA 23.4% 27.3% 22.1% 27.3%
AA 14.7% 13.9% 14.3% 13.9%
A 32.3% 30.8% 34.3% 30.8%
BBB 28.4% 26.8% 28.3% 26.8%
BB and below (Non-investment grade) 1.2% 1.2% 1.0% 1.2%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
 


The March 31,September 30, 2017, AAA rating percentage decreased as compared to December 31, 2016, as the Company sold AAA-rated government agency MBS pools to enter into forward settling TBA contracts which are treated as derivatives.

The percentage distribution of the estimated fair value of the corporate sector fixed maturity portfolio, calculated as a percentage of fixed maturities, is summarized as follows:
Sector March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Utility 18.6% 18.1% 18.2% 18.1%
Finance 11.9% 10.8% 13.5% 10.8%
Consumer 10.3% 9.7% 11.1% 9.7%
Natural resources 6.6% 6.3% 6.3% 6.3%
Transportation 4.1% 3.6% 4.2% 3.6%
Other 14.2% 13.3% 14.0% 13.3%
 
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
 
The Company’s mortgage loans on real estate are comprised primarily of domestic commercial collateralized real estate loans.  The mortgage loan portfolio is diversified with regard to geographical markets and commercial real estate property types.  The Company originates, directly or through correspondents, real estate mortgages with the intent to hold to maturity.  The Company’s portfolio includes loans which are fully amortizing, amortizing with a balloon balance at maturity, interest only to maturity, and interest only for a number of years followed by an amortizing period.

Derivatives
 
The Company uses certain derivatives, such as futures, swaps, forwards, and interest rate swaptions, for purposes of managing the interest rate, foreign currency exchange rate, and equity market risks impacting the Company’s business.  These derivatives, when taken alone, may subject the Company to varying degrees of market and credit risk; however, since used for hedging purposes, these instruments are intended to reduce risk.  For derivative instruments where hedge accounting is not elected, changes in interest rates, foreign currencies, or equity markets may generate derivative gains or losses which may cause the Company to experience volatility in net income.  The Company also uses forward settling TBA securities to gain exposure to the investment risk and return of agency mortgage-backed securities (pass-throughs).  These transactions enhance the return on the Company’s investment portfolio and provide a more liquid and cost effective method of achieving these goals than purchasing or selling individual agency mortgage-backed pools.  The Company controls the credit risk of its over-the-counter derivative contracts through credit approvals, limits, monitoring procedures, and in most cases, requiring collateral.  Risk of loss is generally limited to the portion of the fair value of derivative instruments that exceeds the value of the collateral held and not to the notional or contractual amounts of the derivatives. 


Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company’s management to adopt accounting policies to enable them to make a significant variety of accounting and actuarial estimates and assumptions.  These estimates and assumptions are evaluated on an ongoing basis based on historical developments, market conditions, industry trends, and other information that is reasonable given the facts and circumstances for the Company. These critical estimates and assumptions affect, among other things, the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent liabilities, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses.  Actual results can differ from the amounts previously estimated, which were based on information available at the time the estimates were made.
 
The Company has identified the following accounting policies, judgments, and estimates as critical in that they involve a higher degree of judgment and are subject to a significant degree of variability:
 
·             Valuation of investments;
·             Impairment of investments;
·             Valuation of derivatives and related hedge accounting;
·             Valuation of DAC and related amortization (including unlocking of assumptions); and
·             Valuation of policy benefit liabilities
 
A discussion of each of these critical accounting policies may be found in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, under Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
 
Application of Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
See Note 2 to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the application of recent accounting pronouncements.
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Liquidity refers to a company’s ability to generate sufficient cash flows to meet the short-term needs of its operations.  The Company manages its operations to create stable, reliable, and cost-effective sources of cash flows to meet all of its obligations.
 
The principal sources of the Company’s liquidity are premiums and contract deposits, fees, investment income, and investment maturities and sales.  Funds provided from these sources are reasonably predictable and normally exceed liquidity requirements for payment of policy benefits, payments to policy and contractholders in connection with surrenders and withdrawals, and general expenses.  However, since the timing of available funds cannot always be matched precisely to commitments, imbalances may arise when demands for funds exceed those on hand.  A primary liquidity concern regarding cash flows from operations is the risk of early policyholder and contractholder withdrawals.  A primary liquidity concern regarding investment activity is the risk of defaults and market volatility.

In addition, a demand for funds may arise as a result of the Company taking advantage of current investment opportunities.  The sources of the funds that may be required in such situations include the issuance of commercial paper or other debt instruments.

Management believes that the liquidity profile of its assets is sufficient to satisfy the short-term liquidity requirements of reasonably foreseeable scenarios.
 
Generally, the Company has met its operating requirements by utilizing cash flows from operations and maintaining appropriate levels of liquidity in its investment portfolio.  Liquidity for the Company has remained strong, as evidenced by the amounts of short-term investments and cash and cash equivalents that totaled $279$391 million and $322 million as of March 31,September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively.  The March 31,September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, short-term investments included above exclude any amounts held to settle TBA forward contracts.  In addition, 99% of the fixed maturity portfolio carried an investment grade rating at March 31,September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, which provides significant liquidity to the Company’s overall investment portfolio.
 
The Company continues to be well capitalized, with sufficient borrowing capacity.  Additionally, the Company anticipates that cash on hand and expected net cash generated by operating activities will exceed the forecasted needs of the business over the next 12 months.  The Company’s financial strength provides the capacity and flexibility to enable it to raise funds in the capital


markets through the issuance of commercial paper.  The Company had $99$100 million and $99 million of commercial paper outstanding as of March 31,September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively.  The commercial paper has been given a rating of A-1+ by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services and a rating of P-1 by Moody’s Investors Service, each being the highest rating available. Through the recent financial market volatility, the Company continued to have the ability to access the capital markets for funds.  The lossCompany’s issuance of this access in the future would not have a significant impact to the Company’s liquidity as commercial paper is not used to fund daily operations and is an insignificant amount in relation to total invested assets.does not have a significant impact on the Company’s liquidity.
 
The Company also has available a revolving credit facility agreement with U.S. Bank, which expires on March 1, 2018, in the amount of $50 million for general corporate purposes.  The Company had no borrowings under this credit facility as of or during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017.  The Company does not anticipate the need for borrowings under this facility and the loss of its availability would not significantly impact its liquidity.
 
Capital resources provide protection for policyholders and financial strength to support the underwriting of insurance risks and allow for continued business growth.  The amount of capital resources that may be needed is determined by the Company’s senior management and Board of Directors, as well as by regulatory requirements.  The allocation of resources to new long-term business commitments is designed to achieve an attractive return, tempered by considerations of risk and the need to support the Company’s existing business.
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
The Company makes commitments to fund partnership interests, mortgage loans on real estate, and other investments in the normal course of its business.  The amounts of these unfunded commitments at March 31,September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, were $550$467 million and $438 million, respectively.  The precise timing of the fulfillment of the commitment cannot be predicted; however, these amounts$465 million of the September 30, 2017 balance, and all $438 million of the December 31, 2016 balance are due within one year of the dates indicated. The remaining $2 million of the September 30, 2017 balance is due within one to three years. There are no other obligations or liabilities arising from such arrangements that are reasonably likely to become material.

The Company participates in a short-term reverse repurchase program for the purpose of enhancing the total return on its investment portfolio.  This type of transaction involves the purchase of securities with a simultaneous agreement to sell similar securities at a future date at an agreed-upon price.  In exchange, the financial institutions put non-cash collateral on deposit with a third-party custodian on behalf of the Company.  The amount of securities purchased in connection with these transactions was $35$21 million and zero at March 31,September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively.  Non-cash collateral on deposit with the third-party custodian on the Company’s behalf was $35$21 million and zero at March 31,September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively, which cannot be sold or re-pledged and which has not been recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Collateral related to the reverse repurchase agreements generally consists of U.S. government or U.S. government agency securities.

The Company participates in a securities lending program in which the Company lends securities that are held as part of its general account investment portfolio to third parties for the purpose of enhancing the total return on its investment portfolio.  The Company generally requires initial collateral in an amount greater than or equal to 102% of the fair value of domestic securities loaned and 105% of foreign securities loaned.  The Company received securities with a fair value of $71$32 million as collateral at March 31,September 30, 2017, which have not been recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as the Company does not have effective control. There were no securities on loan and therefore no securities were received as collateral at December 31, 2016.

Item 3.        Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
 
The Company has established processes and procedures to effectively identify, monitor, measure, and manage the risks associated with its invested assets and its interest rate sensitive insurance and annuity products.  Management has identified investment portfolio management, including the use of derivative instruments, insurance and annuity product design, and asset/liability management as three critical means to accomplish a successful risk management program.
 
The major risks to which the Company is exposed include the following: 

Market risk - the potential of loss arising from adverse fluctuations in interest rates and equity market prices and the levels of their volatility.
Insurance risk - the potential of loss resulting from claims, persistency, and expense experience exceeding that assumed in the liabilities held.


Credit risk - the potential of loss arising from an obligator’s inability or unwillingness to meet its obligations to the Company.


Operational and corporate risk - the potential of direct or indirect loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems, or from other external events.
  
A discussion of each of these risk factors may be found in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, under Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
 
Item 4.        Controls and Procedures
 
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
The Company’s management, with the participation of its President and Chief Executive Officer and its Principal Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”).  The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, the President and Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of March 31,September 30, 2017.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
As disclosed in Item 9A, “Controls and Procedures,” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, management concluded that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting. There has been no significant change in the control environment for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017. Management is committed to continuing to improve its internal control processes and will continue to review its financial reporting controls and procedures.



Part II         Other Information
 
Item 1.        Legal Proceedings
 
From time to time, the Company may be threatened with, or named as a defendant in, lawsuits, arbitrations, and administrative claims. Any such claims that are decided against the Company could harm the Company’s business. The Company is also subject to periodic regulatory audits and inspections which could result in fines or other disciplinary actions. Unfavorable outcomes in such matters may result in a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
 
The Company is defending lawsuits relating to the costs and features of certain of its retirement or fund products. These actions have not reached the trial stage. Management believes the claims are without merit and will defend these actions. Based on the information known, these actions will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position of the Company.

The Company is involved in other various legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of its business.  In the opinion of management, after consultation with counsel, the likelihood of loss from the resolution of these proceedings is remote and/or the estimated loss is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of its operations or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors
 
In the normal course of its business, the Company is exposed to certain operational, regulatory, and financial risks and uncertainties.  The most significant risks include the following:

Competition could negatively affect the ability of the Company to maintain or increase market share or profitability.

The insurance and financial services industries are heavily regulated and changes in regulation may reduce profitability.
 
A downgrade or potential downgrade in the Company’s financial strength or claims paying ratings could result in a loss of business and negatively affect results of operations and financial condition.

Deviations from assumptions regarding future persistency, mortality, and interest rates used in calculating liabilities for future policyholder benefits and claims could adversely affect the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

The Company may be required to accelerate the amortization of DAC or VOBA, or recognize impairment in the value of goodwill or other intangible assets, which could adversely affect its results of operations and financial condition.

If the companies that provide reinsurance default or fail to perform or the Company is unable to obtain adequate reinsurance for some of the risks underwritten, the Company could incur significant losses adversely affecting results of operations and financial condition.

Interest rate fluctuations could have a negative impact on results of operations and financial condition.
  
Market fluctuations and general economic conditions may adversely affect results of operations and financial condition.

Changes in U.S. federal income tax law could make some of the Company’s products less attractive to consumers and increase its tax costs.

The Company may be subject to litigation resulting in substantial awards or settlements and this may adversely affect its reputation and results of operations.

The Company’s risk management policies and procedures may leave it exposed to unidentified or unanticipated risk, which could adversely affect its business, results of operations, and financial condition.



The Company may experience difficulty in marketing and distributing products through its current and future distribution channels.

A failure in cyber or information security systems could result in a loss or disclosure of confidential information, damage the Company’s reputation, and could impair its ability to conduct business effectively.

The Company could face difficulties, unforeseen liabilities, or asset impairments arising from business acquisitions or integrations and managing growth of such businesses.

Counterparties with whom the Company transfers risk may be unable or unwilling to do business with the Company.

The Company may not be able to secure financing to meet the liquidity or capital needs of the Company.





Item 6.        Exhibits
 
The documents identified below are filed as a part of this report:
 
Index to Exhibits
 
Exhibit NumberTitle
Bylaws of Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Company

Rule 13a-14(a)/15-d14(a) Certification
Rule 13a-14(a)/15-d14(a) Certification
18 U.S.C. 1350 Certification
101.INSXBRL Instance Document
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Company
 
By:/s/Kara Roe Date:May 12,November 9, 2017
  Kara Roe   
  Vice President, Controller, and Principal Accounting Officer   


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