UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549


FORM 10-Q


QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 20162017

Commission file number 001-08918
SunTrust Banks, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Georgia 58-1575035
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
303 Peachtree Street, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30308
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(800) 786-8787
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)



Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    
Yes  þ    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    
Yes  þ    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer    þ
Accelerated filer        ¨
Non-accelerated filer     ¨   (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)



Smaller reporting company¨
Emerging growth company    ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).        Yes  ¨    No  þ

At October 27, 2016, 490,797,75431, 2017, 476,033,241 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $1.00 par value, were outstanding.




TABLE OF CONTENTS


   Page 
  
    
  
     
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
   
  
  
  
     
  
     
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
     
  
     


GLOSSARY OF DEFINED TERMS

ABS — Asset-backed securities.
ACH — Automated clearing house.
AFS — Available for sale.
AIP — Annual Incentive Plan.
ALCO — Asset/Liability Committee.
ALM — Asset/Liability Management.
ALLL — Allowance for loan and lease losses.
AOCI — Accumulated other comprehensive income.
APIC — Additional paid-in capital.
ASC — Accounting Standards Codification.
ASU — Accounting Standards Update.
ATE — Additional termination event.
ATM — Automated teller machine.
Bank — SunTrust Bank.
Basel III — the Third Basel Accord, a comprehensive set of reform measures developed by the BCBS.
BCBS — Basel Committee on Banking Supervision.
BHC — Bank holding company.
Board — The Company’s Board of Directors.
bps — Basis points.
BRC — Board Risk Committee.
CCAR — Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review.
CCB — Capital conservation buffer.
CD — Certificate of deposit.
CDR — Conditional default rate.
CDS — Credit default swaps.
CECL — Current expected credit loss.
CEO — Chief Executive Officer.
CET1 — Common Equity Tier 1 Capital.
CFO — Chief Financial Officer.
CIB — Corporate and investment banking.
C&I — Commercial and industrial.
Class A shares — Visa Inc. Class A common stock.
Class B shares — Visa Inc. Class B common stock.
CLO — Collateralized loan obligation.
CME — Chicago Mercantile Exchange.
Company — SunTrust Banks, Inc.
CP — Commercial paper.
CPR — Conditional prepayment rate.
CRE — Commercial real estate.
CRO — Chief Risk Officer.
CSA — Credit support annex.
CVA — Credit valuation adjustment.
DDA — Demand deposit account.
DOJ — Department of Justice.
DTA — Deferred tax asset.
DVA — Debit valuation adjustment.
EBPC — Enterprise Business Practices Committee.
EPS — Earnings per share.
ER — Enterprise Risk.
ERISA — Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.
Exchange Act — Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Fannie Mae — Federal National Mortgage Association.
Freddie Mac — Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation.
FDIC — Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
Federal Reserve — Federal Reserve System.
Fed funds — Federal funds.
FHA — Federal Housing Administration.
FHLB — Federal Home Loan Bank.
 
FICO — Fair Isaac Corporation.
Fitch — Fitch Ratings Ltd.
FRB — Federal Reserve Board.
FTE — Fully taxable-equivalent.
FVO — Fair value option.
GenSpring — GenSpring Family Offices, LLC.
Ginnie Mae — Government National Mortgage Association.
GSE — Government-sponsored enterprise.
HAMP — Home Affordable Modification Program.
HUD — U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
IPO — Initial public offering.
IRLC — Interest rate lock commitment.
ISDA — International Swaps and Derivatives Association.
LCR — Liquidity coverage ratio.
LGD — Loss given default.
LHFI — Loans held for investment.
LHFS — Loans held for sale.
LIBOR — London InterBank Offered Rate.
LOCOM — Lower of cost or market.
LTI — Long-term incentive.
LTV— Loan to value.
MasterCard — MasterCard International.
MBS — Mortgage-backed securities.
MD&A — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation.
Moody’s — Moody’s Investors Service.
MRA Master Repurchase Agreement.
MRM Market Risk Management.
MRMG — Model Risk Management Group.
MSR — Mortgage servicing right.
MVE — Market value of equity.
NCF — National Commerce Financial Corporation.
NOW — Negotiable order of withdrawal account.
NPA — Nonperforming asset.
NPL — Nonperforming loan.
NPR — Notice of proposed rulemaking.
NSFR — Net stable funding ratio.
OCC — Office of the Comptroller of the Currency.
OCI — Other comprehensive income.
OREO — Other real estate owned.
OTC — Over-the-counter.
OTTI — Other-than-temporary impairment.
PAC — Premium Assignment Corporation.
Parent Company — SunTrust Banks, Inc. (the parent Company of SunTrust Bank and other subsidiaries).
PD — Probability of default.
Pillarsubstantially all of the assets of the operating subsidiaries of Pillar Financial, LLC.
PPNR — Pre-provision net revenue.
PWM — Private Wealth Management.
REIT — Real estate investment trust.
ROA — Return on average total assets.
ROE — Return on average common shareholders’ equity.
ROTCE — Return on average tangible common shareholders' equity.
RSU — Restricted stock unit.
RWA — Risk-weighted assets.

i


S&P — Standard and Poor’s.
SBA — Small Business Administration.
SEC — U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
STAS — SunTrust Advisory Services, Inc.
STCC — SunTrust Community Capital, LLC.
STIS — SunTrust Investment Services, Inc.
STM — SunTrust Mortgage, Inc.
STRH — SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc.
SunTrust — SunTrust Banks, Inc.


i


TDR — Troubled debt restructuring.
TRS — Total return swaps.
U.S. — United States.
U.S. GAAP — Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States.
U.S. Treasury — The United States Department of the Treasury.
UPB — Unpaid principal balance.
VA —Veterans Administration.
VAR —Value at risk.
VI — Variable interest.
VIE — Variable interest entity.
Visa — The Visa, U.S.A. Inc. card association or its affiliates, collectively.
Visa Counterparty — A financial institution that purchased the Company's Visa Class B shares.



ii




PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X, and accordingly do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. However, in the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to comply with Regulation S-X have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20162017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2016.2017.




Item 1.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
SunTrust Banks, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Income
Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions and shares in thousands, except per share data) (Unaudited)2016 2015 2016 20152017 2016 2017 2016
Interest Income              
Interest and fees on loans
$1,245
 
$1,139
 
$3,670
 
$3,345

$1,382
 
$1,245
 
$4,009
 
$3,670
Interest and fees on loans held for sale25
 20
 62
 66
24
 25
 70
 62
Interest and dividends on securities available for sale159
 153
 483
 430
195
 159
 573
 483
Trading account interest and other22
 21
 70
 61
34
 22
 95
 70
Total interest income1,451
 1,333
 4,285
 3,902
1,635
 1,451
 4,747
 4,285
Interest Expense              
Interest on deposits67
 54
 188
 165
111
 67
 286
 188
Interest on long-term debt68
 60
 191
 196
76
 68
 216
 191
Interest on other borrowings8
 8
 29
 23
18
 8
 46
 29
Total interest expense143
 122
 408
 384
205
 143
 548
 408
Net interest income1,308
 1,211
 3,877
 3,518
1,430
 1,308
 4,199
 3,877
Provision for credit losses97
 32
 343
 114
120
 97
 330
 343
Net interest income after provision for credit losses1,211
 1,179
 3,534
 3,404
1,310
 1,211
 3,869
 3,534
Noninterest Income              
Service charges on deposit accounts162

159
 477
 466
154

162
 453
 477
Other charges and fees93

97
 290
 285
92

93
 291
 290
Card fees83
 83
 243
 247
86
 83
 255
 243
Investment banking income147

115
 372
 357
166
 147
 480
 372
Trading income65
 31
 154
 140
51
 65
 148
 154
Trust and investment management income79
 80
 229
 230
Retail investment services69
 71
 208
 212
Mortgage production related income118
 58
 288
 217
61
 118
 170
 288
Mortgage servicing related income49
 40
 164
 113
46
 49
 148
 164
Trust and investment management income80

86
 230
 255
Retail investment services71

77
 212
 229
Gain on sale of premises
 
 52
 
Commercial real estate related income 1
17
 8
 61
 36
Net securities gains

7
 4
 21



 1
 4
Other noninterest income21

58
 83
 173
Other noninterest income 1
25

13
 76
 99
Total noninterest income889
 811
 2,569
 2,503
846
 889
 2,520
 2,569
Noninterest Expense              
Employee compensation687
 641
 1,994
 1,926
725
 687
 2,152
 1,994
Employee benefits86
 84
 315
 326
81
 86
 302
 315
Outside processing and software225
 200
 626
 593
203
 225
 612
 626
Net occupancy expense93
 86
 256
 255
94
 93
 280
 256
Regulatory assessments47
 47
 143
 127
Marketing and customer development45
 38
 129
 120
Equipment expense44
 41
 126
 123
40
 44
 123
 126
Marketing and customer development38
 42
 120
 104
Regulatory assessments47
 32
 127
 104
Operating losses35
 3
 85
 33
Credit and collection services17
 8
 47
 52
Amortization14
 9
 35
 22
22
 14
 49
 35
Operating (gains)/losses(34) 35
 17
 85
Other noninterest expense123
 118
 341
 334
168
 140
 436
 388
Total noninterest expense1,409
 1,264
 4,072
 3,872
1,391
 1,409
 4,243
 4,072
Income before provision for income taxes691
 726
 2,031
 2,035
765
 691
 2,146
 2,031
Provision for income taxes215
 187
 611
 579
225
 215
 606
 611
Net income including income attributable to noncontrolling interest476
 539
 1,420
 1,456
540
 476
 1,540
 1,420
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest2
 2
 7
 7
2
 2
 7
 7
Net income
$474
 
$537
 
$1,413
 
$1,449

$538
 
$474
 
$1,533
 
$1,413
Net income available to common shareholders
$457
 
$519
 
$1,363
 
$1,396

$512
 
$457
 
$1,468
 
$1,363
              
Net income per average common share:              
Diluted
$0.91
 
$1.00
 
$2.70
 
$2.67

$1.06
 
$0.91
 
$3.00
 
$2.70
Basic0.92
 1.01
 2.72
 2.70
1.07
 0.92
 3.04
 2.72
Dividends declared per common share0.26
 0.24
 0.74
 0.68
0.40
 0.26
 0.92
 0.74
Average common shares - diluted500,885
 518,677
 505,619
 522,634
483,640
 500,885
 489,176
 505,619
Average common shares - basic496,304
 513,010
 501,036
 516,970
478,258
 496,304
 483,711
 501,036
1 Beginning January 1, 2017, the Company began presenting income related to the Company's Pillar, STCC, and Structured Real Estate businesses as a separate line item on the Consolidated Statements of Income titled Commercial real estate related income. For periods prior to January 1, 2017, these amounts were previously presented in Other noninterest income and have been reclassified to Commercial real estate related income for comparability.


See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

SunTrust Banks, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions) (Unaudited)2016 2015 2016 2015
Net income
$474
 
$537
 
$1,413
 
$1,449
Components of other comprehensive (loss)/income:       
Change in net unrealized (losses)/gains on securities available for sale,
net of tax of ($19), $70, $228, and $6, respectively
(32) 119
 383
 4
Change in net unrealized (losses)/gains on derivative instruments,
net of tax of ($51), $50, $81, and $57, respectively
(86) 84
 137
 94
Change in credit risk adjustment on long-term debt,
net of tax of ($2), $0, ($3), and $0, respectively 1
(3) 
 (5) 
Change related to employee benefit plans,
net of tax of $2, $1, $39, and ($44), respectively
3
 3
 65
 (64)
Total other comprehensive (loss)/income, net of tax(118) 206
 580
 34
Total comprehensive income
$356
 
$743
 
$1,993
 
$1,483
 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions) (Unaudited)2017 2016 2017 2016
Net income
$538
 
$474
 
$1,533
 
$1,413
Components of other comprehensive income/(loss):       
Change in net unrealized gains/(losses) on securities available for sale,
net of tax of $24, ($19), $57, and $228, respectively
40
 (32) 97
 383
Change in net unrealized (losses)/gains on derivative instruments,
net of tax of ($1), ($51), ($7), and $81, respectively
(2) (86) (13) 137
Change in credit risk adjustment on long-term debt,
net of tax of $1, ($2), $1, and ($3), respectively 1
1
 (3) 1
 (5)
Change related to employee benefit plans,
net of tax of $2, $2, $3, and $39, respectively
3
 3
 1
 65
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax42
 (118) 86
 580
Total comprehensive income
$580
 
$356
 
$1,619
 
$1,993
1 Related to the Company's early adoption of the ASU 2016-01 provision related to changes in instrument-specific credit risk. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," and Note 17, "Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss),/Income," for additional information.



See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

SunTrust Banks, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
September 30, December 31,September 30, December 31,
(Dollars in millions and shares in thousands, except per share data)2016 20152017 2016
Assets(Unaudited)  (Unaudited)  
Cash and due from banks
$8,019
 
$4,299

$7,071
 
$5,091
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell1,697
 1,277
1,182
 1,307
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks24
 23
25
 25
Cash and cash equivalents9,740
 5,599
8,278
 6,423
Trading assets and derivative instruments 1
7,044
 6,119
6,318
 6,067
Securities available for sale29,672
 27,825
Loans held for sale ($3,026 and $1,494 at fair value at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively)3,772
 1,838
Loans 2 ($234 and $257 at fair value at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively)
141,532
 136,442
Securities available for sale 2
31,444
 30,672
Loans held for sale ($2,252 and $3,540 at fair value at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively)2,835
 4,169
Loans 3 ($206 and $222 at fair value at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively)
144,264
 143,298
Allowance for loan and lease losses(1,743) (1,752)(1,772) (1,709)
Net loans139,789
 134,690
142,492
 141,589
Premises and equipment, net1,510
 1,502
1,616
 1,556
Goodwill6,337
 6,337
6,338
 6,337
Other intangible assets (MSRs at fair value: $1,119 and $1,307 at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively)1,131
 1,325
Other intangible assets (Residential MSRs at fair value: $1,628 and $1,572 at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively)1,706
 1,657
Other assets6,096
 5,582
7,225
 6,405
Total assets
$205,091
 
$190,817

$208,252
 
$204,875
      
Liabilities      
Noninterest-bearing deposits
$43,835
 
$42,272

$43,984
 
$43,431
Interest-bearing deposits (CDs at fair value: $54 and $0 at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively)115,007
 107,558
Interest-bearing deposits (CDs at fair value: $207 and $78 at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively)118,753
 116,967
Total deposits158,842
 149,830
162,737
 160,398
Funds purchased2,226
 1,949
3,118
 2,116
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase1,724
 1,654
1,422
 1,633
Other short-term borrowings949
 1,024
909
 1,015
Long-term debt 3 ($963 and $973 at fair value at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively)
11,866
 8,462
Long-term debt 4 ($758 and $963 at fair value at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively)
11,280
 11,748
Trading liabilities and derivative instruments1,484
 1,263
1,284
 1,351
Other liabilities3,551
 3,198
2,980
 2,996
Total liabilities180,642
 167,380
183,730
 181,257
Shareholders’ Equity      
Preferred stock, no par value1,225
 1,225
1,975
 1,225
Common stock, $1.00 par value550
 550
550
 550
Additional paid-in capital9,009
 9,094
8,985
 9,010
Retained earnings15,681
 14,686
17,021
 16,000
Treasury stock, at cost, and other 4
(2,131) (1,658)
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax115
 (460)
Treasury stock, at cost, and other 5
(3,274) (2,346)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax(735) (821)
Total shareholders’ equity24,449
 23,437
24,522
 23,618
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$205,091
 
$190,817

$208,252
 
$204,875
      
Common shares outstanding 5
495,936
 508,712
Common shares outstanding 6
476,001
 491,188
Common shares authorized750,000
 750,000
750,000
 750,000
Preferred shares outstanding12
 12
20
 12
Preferred shares authorized50,000
 50,000
50,000
 50,000
Treasury shares of common stock53,985
 41,209
74,053
 58,738
      
1 Includes trading securities pledged as collateral where counterparties have the right to sell or repledge the collateral

$1,495
 
$1,377

$1,043
 
$1,437
2 Includes loans of consolidated VIEs
219
 246
3 Includes debt of consolidated VIEs
230
 259
4 Includes noncontrolling interest
101
 108
5 Includes restricted shares
21
 1,334
2 Includes securities AFS pledged as collateral where counterparties have the right to sell or repledge the collateral
280
 
3 Includes loans of consolidated VIEs
186
 211
4 Includes debt of consolidated VIEs
195
 222
5 Includes noncontrolling interest
101
 103
6 Includes restricted shares
9
 11


See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

SunTrust Banks, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share data) (Unaudited)Preferred Stock Common Shares Outstanding Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings 
Treasury Stock
and Other 1
 Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)/Income TotalPreferred Stock Common Shares Outstanding Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings 
Treasury Stock
and Other 1
 Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)/Income Total
Balance, January 1, 2015
$1,225
 525
 
$550
 
$9,089
 
$13,295
 
($1,032) 
($122) 
$23,005
Net income
 
 
 
 1,449
 
 
 1,449
Other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 34
 34
Change in noncontrolling interest
 
 
 
 
 (2) 
 (2)
Common stock dividends, $0.68 per share
 
 
 
 (352) 
 
 (352)
Preferred stock dividends 2

 
 
 
 (48) 
 
 (48)
Repurchase of common stock
 (11) 
 
 
 (465) 
 (465)
Exercise of stock options and stock compensation expense
 
 
 (16) 
 25
 
 9
Restricted stock activity
 
 
 14
 (3) 7
 
 18
Amortization of restricted stock compensation
 
 
 
 
 13
 
 13
Issuance of stock for employee benefit plans and other
 
 
 
 
 3
 
 3
Balance, September 30, 2015
$1,225
 514
 
$550
 
$9,087
 
$14,341
 
($1,451) 
($88) 
$23,664
               
Balance, January 1, 2016
$1,225
 509
 
$550
 
$9,094
 
$14,686
 
($1,658) 
($460) 
$23,437

$1,225
 509
 
$550
 
$9,094
 
$14,686
 
($1,658) 
($460) 
$23,437
Cumulative effect of credit risk adjustment 3

 
 
 
 5
 
 (5) 
Cumulative effect of credit risk adjustment 2

 
 
 
 5
 
 (5) 
Net income
 
 
 
 1,413
 
 
 1,413

 
 
 
 1,413
 
 
 1,413
Other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 580
 580

 
 
 
 
 
 580
 580
Change in noncontrolling interest
 
 
 
 
 (7) 
 (7)
 
 
 
 
 (7) 
 (7)
Common stock dividends, $0.74 per share
 
 
 
 (370) 
 
 (370)
 
 
 
 (370) 
 
 (370)
Preferred stock dividends 2

 
 
 
 (49) 
 
 (49)
Preferred stock dividends 3

 
 
 
 (49) 
 
 (49)
Repurchase of common stock
 (15) 
 
 
 (566) 
 (566)
 (15) 
 
 
 (566) 
 (566)
Repurchase of common stock warrants
 
 
 (24) 
 
 
 (24)
 
 
 (24) 
 
 
 (24)
Exercise of stock options and stock compensation expense 4

 1
 
 (28) 
 43
 
 15

 1
 
 (28) 
 43
 
 15
Restricted stock activity 4

 1
 
 (33) (4) 55
 
 18

 1
 
 (33) (4) 55
 
 18
Amortization of restricted stock compensation
 
 
 
 
 2
 
 2

 
 
 
 
 2
 
 2
Balance, September 30, 2016
$1,225
 496
 
$550
 
$9,009
 
$15,681
 
($2,131) 
$115
 
$24,449

$1,225
 496
 
$550
 
$9,009
 
$15,681
 
($2,131) 
$115
 
$24,449
               
Balance, January 1, 2017
$1,225
 491
 
$550
 
$9,010
 
$16,000
 
($2,346) 
($821) 
$23,618
Net income
 
 
 
 1,533
 
 
 1,533
Other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 86
 86
Change in noncontrolling interest
 
 
 
 
 (2) 
 (2)
Common stock dividends, $0.92 per share
 
 
 
 (443) 
 
 (443)
Preferred stock dividends 3

 
 
 
 (65) 
 
 (65)
Issuance of preferred stock, Series G750
 
 
 (7) 
 
 
 743
Repurchase of common stock
 (17) 
 
 
 (984) 
 (984)
Exercise of stock options and stock compensation expense
 1
 
 (14) 
 27
 
 13
Restricted stock activity
 1
 
 (4) (4) 31
 
 23
Balance, September 30, 2017
$1,975
 476
 
$550
 
$8,985
 
$17,021
 
($3,274) 
($735) 
$24,522
1 At September 30, 2016,2017, includes ($2,232)3,374) million for treasury stock, $0 million for the compensation element of restricted stock and $101 million for noncontrolling interest.
At September 30, 2015,2016, includes ($1,550)2,232) million for treasury stock ($7) million for the compensation element of restricted stock, and $106$101 million for noncontrolling interest.
2 Related to the Company's early adoption of the ASU 2016-01 provision related to changes in instrument-specific credit risk, beginning January 1, 2016. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," and Note 17, "Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)/Income," for additional information.
3 For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, dividends were $3,044 per share for both Perpetual Preferred Stock Series A and B, $4,406 per share for Perpetual Preferred Stock Series E, $4,219 per share for Perpetual Preferred Stock Series F, and $2,090 per share for Perpetual Preferred Stock Series G.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, dividends were $3,056 per share for both Perpetual Preferred Stock Series A and B, $4,406 per share for Perpetual Preferred Stock Series E, and $4,219 per share for Perpetual Preferred Stock Series F.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, dividends were $3,044 per share for both Perpetual Preferred Stock Series A and B, $4,406 per share for Perpetual Preferred Stock Series E, and $4,813 per share for Perpetual Preferred Stock Series F.
3 Related to the Company's early adoption of the ASU 2016-01 provision related to changes in instrument-specific credit risk, beginning January 1, 2016. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," and Note 17, "Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)," for additional information.
4Includes a ($4) million net reclassification of excess tax benefits from additionalAdditional paid-in capital to provisionProvision for income taxes, related to the Company's early adoption of ASU 2016-09. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," and Note 11, "Employee Benefit Plans," for additional information.


See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

SunTrust Banks, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions) (Unaudited)2016 2015
Cash Flows from Operating Activities   
Net income including income attributable to noncontrolling interest
$1,420
 
$1,456
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities:   
Depreciation, amortization, and accretion533
 596
Origination of mortgage servicing rights(198) (185)
Provisions for credit losses and foreclosed property347
 122
Stock-based compensation85
 65
Net securities gains(4) (21)
Net gain on sale of loans held for sale, loans, and other assets(376) (249)
Net (increase)/decrease in loans held for sale(1,647) 644
Net increase in trading assets(704) (183)
Net increase in other assets 1
(193) (26)
Net increase/(decrease) in other liabilities 1
155
 (164)
Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities(582) 2,055
    
Cash Flows from Investing Activities   
Proceeds from maturities, calls, and paydowns of securities available for sale3,763
 4,621
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale197
 2,708
Purchases of securities available for sale(5,297) (7,861)
Net increase in loans, including purchases of loans(7,007) (2,097)
Proceeds from sales of loans1,482
 2,048
Purchases of mortgage servicing rights(101) (113)
Capital expenditures(188) (74)
Payments related to acquisitions, including contingent consideration(23) (30)
Proceeds from the sale of other real estate owned and other assets171
 179
Net cash used in investing activities(7,003) (619)
    
Cash Flows from Financing Activities   
Net increase in total deposits9,012
 5,804
Net increase/(decrease) in funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and other short-term borrowings272
 (5,244)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt and other4,924
 1,237
Repayments of long-term debt(1,448) (5,670)
Repurchase of common stock(566) (465)
Repurchase of common stock warrants(24) 
Common and preferred dividends paid(412) (393)
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards 1
(47) (32)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 1
15
 14
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities11,726
 (4,749)
    
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents4,141
 (3,313)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period5,599
 8,229
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$9,740
 
$4,916
    
Supplemental Disclosures:   
Loans transferred from loans held for sale to loans
$23
 
$726
Loans transferred from loans to loans held for sale315
 1,734
Loans transferred from loans and loans held for sale to other real estate owned46
 52
Non-cash impact of debt assumed by purchaser in lease sale74
 129
1 Related to the Company's early adoption of ASU 2016-09, certain prior period amounts have been retrospectively reclassified between operating activities and financing activities. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," for additional information.
SunTrust Banks, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions) (Unaudited)2017 2016
Cash Flows from Operating Activities   
Net income including income attributable to noncontrolling interest
$1,540
 
$1,420
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities:   
Depreciation, amortization, and accretion540
 533
Origination of servicing rights(262) (198)
Provisions for credit losses and foreclosed property336
 347
Stock-based compensation121
 85
Net securities gains(1) (4)
Net gain on sale of loans held for sale, loans, and other assets(183) (376)
Net decrease/(increase) in loans held for sale1,488
 (1,647)
Net increase in trading assets(272) (704)
Net increase in other assets(950) (193)
Net (decrease)/increase in other liabilities(267) 155
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities2,090
 (582)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities   
Proceeds from maturities, calls, and paydowns of securities available for sale3,169
 3,763
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale1,486
 197
Purchases of securities available for sale(5,344) (5,297)
Net increase in loans, including purchases of loans(1,839) (7,007)
Proceeds from sales of loans520
 1,482
Purchases of servicing rights
 (101)
Capital expenditures(233) (188)
Payments related to acquisitions, including contingent consideration, net of cash acquired
 (23)
Proceeds from the sale of other real estate owned and other assets183
 171
Net cash used in investing activities(2,058) (7,003)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities   
Net increase in total deposits2,339
 9,012
Net increase in funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and other short-term borrowings685
 272
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt2,623
 4,924
Repayments of long-term debt(3,073) (1,448)
Proceeds from the issuance of preferred stock743
 
Repurchase of common stock(984) (566)
Repurchase of common stock warrants
 (24)
Common and preferred stock dividends paid(485) (412)
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards(38) (47)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options13
 15
Net cash provided by financing activities1,823
 11,726
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents1,855
 4,141
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period6,423
 5,599
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$8,278
 
$9,740
    
Supplemental Disclosures:   
Loans transferred from loans held for sale to loans
$16
 
$23
Loans transferred from loans to loans held for sale218
 315
Loans transferred from loans and loans held for sale to other real estate owned43
 46
Non-cash impact of debt assumed by purchaser in lease sale9
 74


See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

 
NOTE 1 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP forto present interim financial statement information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete, consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments whichthat are necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations in these financial statements, have been made.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes; actual results could vary from thosethese estimates. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation.
These interim Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K. ThereOther than the recently issued accounting pronouncements discussed in this section, there have been no significant changes to the
Company’s accounting policies, as disclosed in the 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.10-K, that could have a material effect on the Company's financial statements.
The Company evaluated events that occurred subsequent tobetween September 30, 2016,2017 and the date the accompanying financial statements were issued, and there were no material events, other than those already discussed in this Form 10-Q, that would require recognition in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements or disclosure in the accompanying Notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, except as follows:
In October of 2016, the Company announced that it signed a definitive agreement to acquire substantially all of the assets of the operating subsidiaries of Pillar Financial, LLC. Pillar is a multi-family agency lending and servicing company with an originate-to-distribute focus that holds licenses with Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the FHA. This acquisition is expected to close in late 2016 or early 2017, subject to certain agency approvals and other closing conditions, and will be part of the Company's Wholesale Banking business segment.Notes.


Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
The following table summarizes ASUs recently issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB")FASB that could have a material effect on the Company's financial statements:
StandardDescriptionRequired Date of AdoptionEffect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
StandardsStandard(s) Adopted in 2017 (or partially adopted) in 2016
ASU 2015-02, Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis
The ASU rescinds the indefinite deferral of previous amendments to ASC Topic 810, Consolidation, for certain entities and amends components of the consolidation analysis under ASC Topic 810, including evaluating limited partnerships and similar legal entities, evaluating fees paid to a decision maker or service provider as a variable interest, the effects of fee arrangements and/or related parties on the primary beneficiary determination and investment fund specific matters. The ASU may be adopted either retrospectively or on a modified retrospective basis.

January 1, 2016The Company adopted this ASU on a modified retrospective basis beginning January 1, 2016. The adoption of this standard had no impact to the Consolidated Financial Statements.previously)
ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
The ASU amends ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments-Overall, and addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. The main provisions require investments in equity securities to be measured at fair value through net income, unless they qualify for a practicability exception, and require fair value changes arising from changes in instrument-specific credit risk for financial liabilities that are measured under the fair value option to be recognized in other comprehensive income. With the exception of disclosure requirements that will be adopted prospectively, the ASU must be adopted on a modified retrospective basis.
January 1, 2018

Early adoption is permitted beginning January 1, 2016 or 2017 for the provision related to changes in instrument-specific credit risk for financial liabilities under the FVO.

The Company early adopted the provision related to changes in instrument-specific credit risk beginning January 1, 2016, which resulted in an immaterial, cumulative effect adjustment from retained earnings to AOCI. See Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies,” to the Company's 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information. The Company is evaluating the impact ofdoes not expect the remaining provisions of this ASU to have a material impact on theits Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures; however, the impact is not expected to be material.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continueddisclosures.



StandardDescriptionRequired Date of AdoptionEffect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting
The ASU amends ASC Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payments transactions for both public and nonpublic entities, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. Adoption methods are specific to the component of the ASU, ranging from a retrospective and modified retrospective basis to a prospective basis.
January 1, 2017

Early adoption is permitted.
The Company early adopted the ASU on April 1, 2016 with an effective date of January 1, 2016, which resulted in a reclassification of $4 million from APIC to provision for income taxes, representing excess tax benefits previously recognized in APIC, during the first quarter of 2016. For the second and third quarters of 2016, the Company recognized excess tax benefits of $6 million and $1 million, respectively, in the provision for income taxes. The early adoption favorably impacted both basic and diluted EPS by $0.02 per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
The effect of the retrospective change in presentation in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows related to excess tax benefits for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 (comparative prior year period) was a reclassification of $18 million of excess tax benefits from financing activities to operating activities and a reclassification of $32 million of taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards from operating activities to financing activities. The net impact on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows was immaterial.

The Company had no previously unrecognized excess tax benefits; therefore, there was no impact to the Consolidated Financial Statements as it related to the elimination of the requirement that excess tax benefits be realized before recognition.

The Company elected to retain its existing accounting policy election to estimate award forfeitures.
StandardsStandard(s) Not Yet Adopted
ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers

ASU 2015-14, Deferral of the Effective Date

ASU 2016-08, Principal versus Agent Considerations

ASU 2016-10, Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing

ASU 2016-12, Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients

These ASUs supersede the revenue recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, and most industry-specific guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the Codification. The core principle of the ASUs is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The ASUs may be adopted either retrospectively or on a modified retrospective basis to new contracts and existing contracts, with remaining performance obligations as of the effective date.
January 1, 2018

Early adoption is permitted beginning January 1, 2017.
The Company is evaluating the alternative methods of adoption and the anticipated effects on the Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures. The Company does not plan to early adopt the standard.

ASU 2016-02, Leases
The ASU creates ASC Topic 842, Leases, andwhich supersedes ASC Topic 840, Leases. ASC Topic 842 requires lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and associated liabilities that arise from leases, with the exception of short-term leases. The ASU does not make significant changes to lessor accounting; however, there were certain improvements made to align lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. There are several new qualitative and quantitative disclosures required. Upon transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach.

January 1, 2019

Early adoption is permitted.
The Company has formed a cross-functional team to oversee the implementation of this ASU. The Company's implementation efforts are ongoing, including the review of its lease portfolios and related lease accounting policies, the review of its service contracts for embedded leases, and the deployment of a new lease software solution. The Company's adoption of this ASU will result in an increase to the Consolidated Balance Sheets forin right-of-use assets and associated lease liabilities, forarising from operating leases in which the Company is the lessee.lessee, on its Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The amount of the right-of-use assets and associated lease liabilities recorded upon adoption will be based primarily on the present value of unpaid future minimum lease payments, the amount of which will depend on the population of leases in effect at the date of adoption. At September 30, 2017, the Company’s estimate of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities that would be recorded on its Consolidated Balance Sheets upon adoption is in excess of $1 billion. The Company is evaluating the other effectsdoes not expect this ASU to have a material impact on its Consolidated Statements of adoption on the Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.Income.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



StandardDescriptionRequired Date of AdoptionEffect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
ASU 2016-07, Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of Accounting
The ASU amends ASC Topic 323, Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures, to eliminate the requirement that when an investment qualifies for use of the equity method as a result of an increase in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence, an investor must adjust the investment, results of operations, and retained earnings retroactively on a step-by-step basis as if the equity method had been in effect during all previous periods that the investment had been held. The amendments require that the equity method investor add the cost of acquiring the additional interest in the investee to the current basis of the investor’s previously held interest and adopt the equity method of accounting as of the date the investor obtains significant influence over the investee. In addition, if the investor previously held an AFS equity security, the ASU requires that the investor recognize through earnings the unrealized holding gain or loss in AOCI, as of the date it obtains significant influence. The ASU is to be applied on a prospective basis.

January 1, 2017

Early application is permitted.
This ASU will not impact the Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures until there is an applicable increase in investment or change in influence resulting in a transition to the equity method.Standard(s) Not Yet Adopted (continued)
ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
The ASU amends ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, to replace the incurred loss impairment methodology with a current expected credit lossCECL methodology for financial instruments measured at amortized cost and other commitments to extend credit. For this purpose, expected credit losses reflect losses over the remaining contractual life of an asset, considering the effect of voluntary prepayments and considering available information about the collectability of cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The resulting allowance for credit losses reflects the portion of the amortized cost basis that the entity does not expect to collect. Additional quantitative and qualitative disclosures are required upon adoption.

The CECL model does not apply to AFS debt securities; however, the ASU requires entities to record an allowance when recognizing credit losses for AFS securities, rather than recording a direct write-down of the carrying amount.

January 1, 2020

Early adoption is permitted beginning January 1, 2019.
The Company has formed a cross-functional team to oversee the implementation of this ASU and is assessing the required changes to its credit loss estimation methodologies. The Company is evaluating the impact thethat this ASU will have on its Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures, and the Company currently anticipates that an increase to the allowance for credit losses will be recognized upon adoption to provide for the expected credit losses over the estimated life of the financial assets. However, since the magnitude of the anticipated increase in the allowance for credit losses will be impacted by economic conditions and trends in the Company’s portfolio at the time of adoption, the quantitative impact cannot yet be reasonably estimated.

ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments
The ASU amends ASC Topic 230, Statement of Cash Flows, to clarify the classification of certain cash receipts and payments within the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow. These items include: cash payments for debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; cash outflows for the settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments with coupon interest rates that are insignificant; contingent consideration payments made after a business combination; proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, including bank-owned life insurance policies; distributions received from equity method investees; and beneficial interests acquired in securitization transactions. The ASU also clarifies that when no specific U.S. GAAP guidance exists and the source of the cash flows are not separately identifiable, then the predominant source of cash flow should be used to determine the classification for the item. The ASU must be adopted on a retrospective basis.

January 1, 2018

Early adoption is permitted.
The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Changes in the Company's presentation of certain cash payments and receipts between the operating, financing, and investing sections of its Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows are expected; however, the quantitative impact has not yet been determined.
ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers

ASU 2015-14, Deferral of the Effective Date

ASU 2016-08, Principal versus Agent Considerations

ASU 2016-10, Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing

ASU 2016-12, Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients

ASU 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers

These ASUs comprise ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, and most industry-specific guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the ASC. The core principle of these ASUs is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. These ASUs may be adopted either retrospectively or on a modified retrospective basis to new contracts and existing contracts, with remaining performance obligations as of the effective date.
January 1, 2018

Early adoption is permitted beginning January 1, 2017.
The Company is completing its evaluation of the anticipated effects that these ASUs will have on its Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures. The Company conducted a comprehensive scoping exercise to determine the revenue streams that are in the scope of these updates. Results indicate that certain noninterest income financial statement line items, including service charges on deposit accounts, card fees, other charges and fees, investment banking income, trust and investment management income, retail investment services, commercial real estate related income, and other noninterest income, contain revenue streams that are within the scope of these updates. Additionally, the Company's analyses indicate that there will be changes to the presentation of certain types of revenue and expenses within investment banking income, such as underwriting revenue and expenses, which will be shown gross pursuant to the new requirements.

The Company is in the process of developing additional quantitative and qualitative disclosures that will be required upon adoption of these ASUs. The Company plans to adopt these standards beginning January 1, 2018 and expects to use the modified retrospective method of adoption. The Company does not expect these ASUs to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



StandardDescriptionRequired Date of AdoptionEffect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
Standard(s) Not Yet Adopted (continued)
ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment
The ASU amends ASC Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill, by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The amendments require an entity to perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. Entities should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying amount exceeds its fair value, but the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The ASU must be applied on a prospective basis.

January 1, 2020

Early adoption is permitted.
Based on the Company's most recent annual goodwill impairment test performed as of October 1, 2016, there were no reporting units for which the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeded its fair value; therefore, this ASU would not currently have an impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures. However, if upon adoption the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company would be impacted by the amount of impairment recognized.
ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities
The ASU amends ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, to simplify the requirements for hedge accounting. Key amendments include: eliminating the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness, requiring changes in the value of the hedging instrument to be presented in the same income statement line as the earnings effect of the hedged item, and the ability to measure the hedged item based on the benchmark interest rate component of the total contractual coupon for fair value hedges. New incremental disclosures are also required for reporting periods subsequent to the date of adoption. All transition requirements and elections should be applied to hedging relationships existing on the date of adoption using a modified retrospective approach.

January 1, 2019

Early adoption is permitted.
The Company is evaluating the significance and other effects that this ASU will have on its Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures; however, the quantitative impact has not yet been determined.




NOTE 2 - FEDERAL FUNDS SOLD AND SECURITIES FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Federal Funds Sold and Securities Borrowed or Purchased Under Agreements to Resell
Fed funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell were as follows:
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Fed funds sold
$31
 
$38

$—
 
$58
Securities borrowed267
 277
371
 270
Securities purchased under agreements to resell1,399
 962
811
 979
Total Fed funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell
$1,697
 
$1,277

$1,182
 
$1,307
Securities purchased under agreements to resell are primarily collateralized by U.S. government or agency securities and are carried at the amounts at which the securities will be
subsequently resold.resold, plus accrued interest. Securities borrowed are primarily collateralized by corporate securities. The Company borrows securities and purchases securities under agreements to resell as part of its securities financing activities. On the acquisition date of these securities, the Company and the
related counterparty agree on the amount of collateral required to secure the principal amount loaned under these arrangements. The Company monitors collateral values daily and calls for additional collateral to be provided as warranted under the respective agreements. At September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, the total market value of collateral held was $1.7$1.2 billion and $1.2$1.3 billion, of which $227$194 million and $73$246 million was repledged, respectively.


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are accounted for as secured borrowings. The following table presents the Company’s related activity, by collateral type and remaining contractual maturity:
September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
(Dollars in millions)Overnight and Continuous Up to 30 days 30-90 days Total Overnight and Continuous Up to 30 days TotalOvernight and Continuous Up to 30 days 30-90 days Total Overnight and Continuous Up to 30 days 30-90 days Total
U.S. Treasury securities
$27
 
$—
 
$—
 
$27
 
$112
 
$—
 
$112

$32
 
$—
 
$—
 
$32
 
$27
 
$—
 
$—
 
$27
Federal agency securities112
 15
 
 127
 319
 
 319
58
 25
 
 83
 288
 24
 
 312
MBS - agency1,026
 64
 
 1,090
 837
 23
 860
738
 94
 
 832
 793
 51
 
 844
CP19
 
 
 19
 49
 
 49
68
 
 
 68
 49
 
 
 49
Corporate and other debt securities351
 60
 50
 461
 242
 72
 314
292
 75
 40
 407
 311
 50
 40
 401
Total securities sold under agreements to repurchase
$1,535
 
$139
 
$50
 
$1,724
 
$1,559
 
$95
 
$1,654

$1,188
 
$194
 
$40
 
$1,422
 
$1,468
 
$125
 
$40
 
$1,633

For these securities sold under agreements to repurchase, the Company would be obligated to provide additional collateral in the event of a significant decline in fair value of the collateral pledged. This risk is managed by monitoring the liquidity and credit quality of the collateral, as well as the maturity profile of the transactions.

Netting of Securities - Repurchase and Resell Agreements
The Company has various financial assets and financial liabilities that are subject to enforceable master netting agreements or similar agreements. The Company's derivatives that are subject to enforceable master netting agreements or similar agreements are discussed in Note 13, "Derivative Financial Instruments." The following table presents the
Company's securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase that
are subject to MRAs. Generally, MRAs require collateral to exceed the asset or liability recognized on the balance sheet. Transactions subject to these agreements are treated as collateralized financings, and those with a single counterparty are permitted to be presented net on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets, provided certain criteria are met that permit balance sheet netting. At September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, there were no such transactions subject to legally enforceable MRAs that were eligible for balance sheet netting.
Financial instrumentThe following table includes the amount of collateral receivedpledged or pledgedreceived related to exposures subject to legally enforceable MRAsMRAs. While these agreements are not netted ontypically over-collateralized, the Consolidated Balance Sheets, but areamount of collateral presented in the followingthis table as a reductionis limited to the net amount reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets to derive the held/pledged financial instruments. The collateral amounts held/pledged are limited for presentation purposes toof the related recognized asset/asset or liability balance for each counterparty, and accordingly, do not include excess collateral received/pledged.counterparty.

(Dollars in millions)
Gross
Amount
 
Amount
Offset
 
Net Amount
Presented in
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
 
Held/Pledged Financial
Instruments
 
Net
Amount
Gross
Amount
 
Amount
Offset
 
Net Amount
Presented in
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
 
Held/Pledged Financial
Instruments
 
Net
Amount
September 30, 2016         
September 30, 2017         
Financial assets:                  
Securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell
$1,666
 
$—
 
$1,666
1 

$1,652
 
$14

$1,182
 
$—
 
$1,182
1 

$1,165
 
$17
Financial liabilities:                  
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase1,724
 
 1,724
 1,724
 
1,422
 
 1,422
 1,422
 
                  
December 31, 2015         
December 31, 2016         
Financial assets:                  
Securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell
$1,239
 
$—
 
$1,239
1 

$1,229
 
$10

$1,249
 
$—
 
$1,249
1 

$1,241
 
$8
Financial liabilities:                  
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase1,654
 
 1,654
 1,654
 
1,633
 
 1,633
 1,633
 
1 Excludes $31 million$0 and $38$58 million of Fed funds sold, which are not subject to a master netting agreement at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



NOTE 3 - TRADING ASSETS AND LIABILITIES AND DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

The fair values of the components of trading assets and liabilities and derivative instruments are presented in the following table:
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Trading Assets and Derivative Instruments:      
U.S. Treasury securities
$547
 
$538

$366
 
$539
Federal agency securities259
 588
303
 480
U.S. states and political subdivisions187
 30
53
 134
MBS - agency883
 553
666
 567
CLO securities1
 2

 1
Corporate and other debt securities723
 468
665
 656
CP202
 67
383
 140
Equity securities51
 66
30
 49
Derivative instruments 1
1,531
 1,152
898
 984
Trading loans 2
2,660
 2,655
2,954
 2,517
Total trading assets and derivative instruments
$7,044
 
$6,119

$6,318
 
$6,067
      
Trading Liabilities and Derivative Instruments:      
U.S. Treasury securities
$918
 
$503

$555
 
$697
MBS - agency2
 37

 1
Corporate and other debt securities252
 259
347
 255
Equity securities5
 
Derivative instruments 1
312
 464
377
 398
Total trading liabilities and derivative instruments
$1,484
 
$1,263

$1,284
 
$1,351
1 Amounts include the impact of offsetting cash collateral received from and paid to the same derivative counterparties, and the impact of netting derivative assets and derivative liabilities when a legally enforceable master netting agreement or similar agreement exists.
2 Includes loans related to TRS.

Various trading and derivative instruments are used as part of the Company’s overall balance sheet management strategies and to support client requirements executed through the Bank and/or STRH, the Company'sa broker/dealer subsidiary.subsidiary of the Company. The Company manages the potential market volatility associated with trading instruments withby using appropriate risk management strategies. The size, volume, and nature of the trading products and derivative instruments can vary based on economic conditions as well as client-specific and Company-specific asset or liability positions.
Product offerings to clients include debt securities, loans traded in the secondary market, equity securities, derivative contracts, and other similar financial instruments. Other trading-relatedtrading-
related activities include acting as a
market maker for certain debt and equity security transactions, derivative instrument transactions, and foreign exchange transactions. The Company also uses derivatives to manage its interest rate and market risk from non-trading activities. The Company has policies and procedures to manage market risk associated with client trading and non-trading activities, and assumes a limited degree of market risk by managing the size and nature of its exposure. For valuation assumptions and additional information related to the Company's trading products and derivative instruments, see Note 13, “Derivative Financial Instruments,” and the “Trading Assets and Derivative Instruments and Securities Available for Sale” section of Note 14, “Fair Value Election and Measurement.”


Pledged trading assets are presented in the following table:
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Pledged trading assets to secure repurchase agreements 1


$1,037
 
$986

$756
 
$968
Pledged trading assets to secure derivative agreements

465
 393
Pledged trading assets to secure certain derivative agreements291
 471
Pledged trading assets to secure other arrangements

40
 40
51
 40
1 Repurchase agreements secured by collateral totaled $999$721 million and $950$928 million at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



NOTE 4 – SECURITIES AVAILABLE FOR SALE
Securities Portfolio Composition
September 30, 2016September 30, 2017
(Dollars in millions)Amortized
Cost
 Unrealized
Gains
 Unrealized
Losses
 Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
 Unrealized
Gains
 Unrealized
Losses
 Fair
Value
U.S. Treasury securities
$4,850
 
$135
 
$2
 
$4,983

$4,300
 
$9
 
$48
 
$4,261
Federal agency securities324
 10
 
 334
266
 5
 1
 270
U.S. states and political subdivisions250
 11
 
 261
558
 9
 4
 563
MBS - agency22,606
 714
 4
 23,316
24,860
 287
 167
 24,980
MBS - non-agency residential75
 1
 
 76
59
 4
 1
 62
MBS - non-agency commercial747
 6
 3
 750
ABS9
 2
 
 11
6
 2
 
 8
Corporate and other debt securities35
 1
 
 36
33
 
 
 33
Other equity securities 1
655
 1
 1
 655
518
 1
 2
 517
Total securities AFS
$28,804
 
$875
 
$7
 
$29,672

$31,347
 
$323
 
$226
 
$31,444
              
December 31, 2015December 31, 2016
(Dollars in millions)Amortized
Cost
 Unrealized
Gains
 Unrealized
Losses
 Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
 Unrealized
Gains
 Unrealized
Losses
 Fair
Value
U.S. Treasury securities
$3,460
 
$3
 
$14
 
$3,449

$5,486
 
$5
 
$86
 
$5,405
Federal agency securities402
 10
 1
 411
310
 5
 2
 313
U.S. states and political subdivisions156
 8
 
 164
279
 5
 5
 279
MBS - agency22,877
 397
 150
 23,124
23,642
 313
 293
 23,662
MBS - non-agency residential92
 2
 
 94
71
 3
 
 74
MBS - non-agency commercial257
 
 5
 252
ABS11
 2
 1
 12
8
 2
 
 10
Corporate and other debt securities37
 1
 
 38
34
 1
 
 35
Other equity securities 1
533
 1
 1
 533
642
 1
 1
 642
Total securities AFS
$27,568
 
$424
 
$167
 
$27,825

$30,729
 
$335
 
$392
 
$30,672
1 At September 30, 2017, the fair value of other equity securities was comprised of the following: $68 million of FHLB of Atlanta stock, $403 million of Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta stock, $41 million of mutual fund investments, and $5 million of other.
At December 31, 2016, the fair value of other equity securities was comprised of the following: $143$132 million of FHLB of Atlanta stock, $402 million of Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta stock, $104 million of mutual fund investments, and $6 million of other.
At December 31, 2015, the fair value of other equity securities was comprised of the following: $32 million of FHLB of Atlanta stock, $402 million of Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta stock, $93$102 million of mutual fund investments, and $6 million of other.

The following table presents interest and dividends on securities AFS:
Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2016 2015 2016 20152017 2016 2017 2016
Taxable interest
$154
 
$143
 
$470
 
$397

$187
 
$154
 
$551
 
$470
Tax-exempt interest2
 2
 4
 5
4
 2
 9
 4
Dividends3
 8
 9
 28
4
 3
 13
 9
Total interest and dividends on securities AFS
$159
 
$153
 
$483
 
$430

$195
 
$159
 
$573
 
$483

Securities AFS pledged to secure public deposits, repurchase agreements, trusts, certain derivative agreements, and other funds had a fair value of $3.5$3.3 billion and $3.2$2.0 billion at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



The following table presents the amortized cost, fair value, and weighted average yield of investments in debt securities AFS at September 30, 2016,2017, by remaining contractual maturity, with the exception of MBS and ABS, which are based on estimated average life. Receipt of cash flows may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties.
Distribution of Remaining MaturitiesDistribution of Remaining Maturities
(Dollars in millions)Due in 1 Year or Less Due After 1 Year through 5 Years Due After 5 Years through 10 Years Due After 10 Years TotalDue in 1 Year or Less Due After 1 Year through 5 Years Due After 5 Years through 10 Years Due After 10 Years Total
Amortized Cost:                  
U.S. Treasury securities
$—
 
$1,847
 
$3,003
 
$—
 
$4,850

$—
 
$2,002
 
$2,298
 
$—
 
$4,300
Federal agency securities118
 92
 7
 107
 324
126
 46
 4
 90
 266
U.S. states and political subdivisions20
 21
 125
 84
 250
6
 46
 179
 327
 558
MBS - agency2,024
 13,277
 7,104
 201
 22,606
1,475
 9,092
 13,785
 508
 24,860
MBS - non-agency residential
 75
 
 
 75

 59
 
 
 59
MBS - non-agency commercial5
 12
 730
 
 747
ABS7
 1
 1
 
 9

 6
 
 
 6
Corporate and other debt securities
 35
 
 
 35
23
 10
 
 
 33
Total debt securities AFS
$2,169
 
$15,348
 
$10,240
 
$392
 
$28,149

$1,635
 
$11,273
 
$16,996
 
$925
 
$30,829
Fair Value:                  
U.S. Treasury securities
$—
 
$1,874
 
$3,109
 
$—
 
$4,983

$—
 
$1,996
 
$2,265
 
$—
 
$4,261
Federal agency securities118
 98
 8
 110
 334
129
 47
 4
 90
 270
U.S. states and political subdivisions20
 23
 133
 85
 261
6
 48
 185
 324
 563
MBS - agency2,129
 13,719
 7,259
 209
 23,316
1,544
 9,199
 13,730
 507
 24,980
MBS - non-agency residential
 76
 
 
 76

 62
 
 
 62
MBS - non-agency commercial5
 12
 733
 
 750
ABS7
 3
 1
 
 11

 8
 
 
 8
Corporate and other debt securities
 36
 
 
 36
23
 10
 
 
 33
Total debt securities AFS
$2,274
 
$15,829
 
$10,510
 
$404
 
$29,017

$1,707
 
$11,382
 
$16,917
 
$921
 
$30,927
Weighted average yield 1
2.75% 2.38% 2.42% 3.17% 2.44%3.51% 2.35% 2.67% 3.15% 2.62%
1 Weighted average yields are based on amortized cost.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Securities AFS in an Unrealized Loss Position
The Company held certain investment securities AFS where amortized cost exceeded fair value, resulting in unrealized loss positions. Market changes in interest rates and credit spreads may result in temporary unrealized losses as the market prices of securities fluctuate. At September 30, 2016,2017, the Company did not intend to sell these securities nor was it more-likely-than-not
 
that the Company would be required to sell these securities before their anticipated recovery or maturity. The Company reviewed its portfolio for OTTI in accordance with the accounting policies described in Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," ofto the Company's 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.


Securities AFS in an unrealized loss position at period end are presented in the following tables:
September 30, 2016September 30, 2017
Less than twelve months Twelve months or longer TotalLess than twelve months Twelve months or longer Total
(Dollars in millions)Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
2
 Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
2
 Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
2
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
2
 Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
2
 Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
2
Temporarily impaired securities AFS:                      
U.S. Treasury securities
$350
 
$2
 
$—
 
$—
 
$350
 
$2

$1,092
 
$9
 
$1,382
 
$39
 
$2,474
 
$48
Federal agency securities15
 
 3
 
 18
 
43
 
 33
 1
 76
 1
U.S. states and political subdivisions52
 
 
 
 52
 
178
 1
 119
 3
 297
 4
MBS - agency611
 1
 513
 3
 1,124
 4
9,571
 92
 2,709
 75
 12,280
 167
MBS - non-agency commercial207
 2
 47
 1
 254
 3
ABS
 
 6
 
 6
 

 
 5
 
 5
 
Corporate and other debt securities10
 
 
 
 10
 
Other equity securities
 
 4
 1
 4
 1

 
 3
 2
 3
 2
Total temporarily impaired securities AFS1,028
 3

526

4

1,554

7
11,101
 104

4,298

121

15,399

225
OTTI securities AFS 1:
                      
MBS - non-agency residential17
 
 
 
 17
 
14
 1
 
 
 14
 1
ABS1
 
 
 
 1
 

 
 1
 
 1
 
Total OTTI securities AFS18
 
 
 
 18
 
14
 1
 1
 
 15
 1
Total impaired securities AFS
$1,046
 
$3
 
$526
 
$4
 
$1,572
 
$7

$11,115
 
$105
 
$4,299
 
$121
 
$15,414
 
$226
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued1 OTTI securities AFS are impaired securities for which OTTI credit losses have been previously recognized in earnings.



2 Unrealized losses less than $0.5 million are presented as zero within the table.

December 31, 2015December 31, 2016
Less than twelve months Twelve months or longer TotalLess than twelve months Twelve months or longer Total
(Dollars in millions)
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
 Losses 2
 
Fair
Value
 Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
 Losses 2
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
 Losses 2
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
2
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
 Losses 2
Temporarily impaired securities AFS:                      
U.S. Treasury securities
$2,169
 
$14
 
$—
 
$—
 
$2,169
 
$14

$4,380
 
$86
 
$—
 
$—
 
$4,380
 
$86
Federal agency securities75
 
 34
 1
 109
 1
96
 2
 3
 
 99
 2
U.S. states and political subdivisions149
 5
 
 
 149
 5
MBS - agency11,434
 114
 958
 36
 12,392
 150
14,622
 285
 451
 8
 15,073
 293
MBS - non-agency commercial184
 5
 
 
 184
 5
ABS
 
 7
 1
 7
 1

 
 5
 
 5
 
Corporate and other debt securities12
 
 
 
 12
 
Other equity securities3
 1
 
 
 3
 1

 
 4
 1
 4
 1
Total temporarily impaired securities AFS13,681
 129
 999
 38
 14,680
 167
19,443
 383
 463
 9
 19,906
 392
OTTI securities AFS 1:
                      
MBS - non-agency residential16
 
 
 
 16
 
ABS1
 
 
 
 1
 

 
 1
 
 1
 
Total OTTI securities AFS1
 
 
 
 1
 
16
 
 1
 
 17
 
Total impaired securities AFS
$13,682
 
$129
 
$999
 
$38
 
$14,681
 
$167

$19,459
 
$383
 
$464
 
$9
 
$19,923
 
$392
1 OTTI securities AFS are impaired securities for which OTTI credit losses have been previously recognized in earnings.
2 Unrealized losses less than $0.5 million are presented as zero within the table.

At September 30, 2016,2017, temporarily impaired securities AFS that have been in an unrealized loss position for twelve months or longer included agency MBS, U.S. Treasury securities, municipal securities, non-agency commercial MBS, federal
agency securities, one ABS collateralized by 2004 vintage home equity loans, and one equity security. The Company continues to receive contractual distributions on the temporarily impaired ABS continuesand dividends on the equity security. Both of these
Notes to receive timely principal and interest payments, and isConsolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



securities are evaluated quarterly for credit impairment.OTTI. Unrealized losses on the remaining temporarily impaired securities were due to market interest rates being higher than the securities' stated coupon rates. Unrealized losses on securities AFS that relate to factors other than credit are recorded in AOCI, net of tax.

Realized Gains and Losses and Other-Than-Temporarily Impaired Securities AFS
Net securities gains/(losses) are comprised of gross realized gains, gross realized losses, and OTTI credit losses recognized in earnings. For both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, gross realized gains and gross realized losses were immaterial and there were no OTTI credit losses recognized in earnings. For the three months ended September 30, 2016, no gross realized gains were recognized. Forrecognized and for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, gross realized gains were $4 million. For both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, gross realized losses were immaterial and there were no OTTI credit losses recognized in earnings. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, gross realized gains were $11 million and $25 million, respectively. Gross realized losses of $3 million were recognized for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, and OTTI losses recognized in earnings were immaterial for both periods.
Securities AFS in an unrealized loss position are evaluated quarterly for other-than-temporary credit impairment, which is determined using cash flow analyses that take into account security specific collateral and transaction structure. Future expected credit losses are determined using various assumptions, the most significant of which include default rates, prepayment
rates, and loss severities. If, based on this analysis, a security is in an unrealized loss position and the Company does not expect
to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security, the expected cash flows are then discounted at the security’s initial effective interest rate to arrive at a present value amount. Credit losses on the OTTI security are recognized in earnings and reflect the difference between the present value of cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis of the security. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," into the Company's 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Company's policy on securities AFS and related impairments.
The Company continuesseeks to reduce existing exposure on OTTI securities primarily through paydowns. In certain instances, the amount of credit losses recognized in earnings on a debt security exceeds the total unrealized losses on the security, which may result in unrealized gains relating to factors other than credit recorded in AOCI, net of tax.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, there were no credit impairment losses recognized on securities AFS held at the end of theeach period. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, credit impairment recognized on securities AFS still held at the end of the period was immaterial, all of which related to one private MBS with a fair value of approximately $22 million at September 30, 2015. The accumulated balance of OTTI credit losses recognized in earnings on securities AFS held at period end was $22 million at September 30, 2017 and $24 million at September 30, 2016 and $25 million at September 30, 2015.2016. Subsequent credit losses may be recorded on securities without a corresponding further decline in fair value when there has been a decline in expected cash flows.


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



NOTE 5 - LOANS
Composition of Loan Portfolio
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Commercial loans:      
C&I
$68,298
 
$67,062
C&I 1

$67,758
 
$69,213
CRE5,056
 6,236
5,238
 4,996
Commercial construction3,875
 1,954
3,964
 4,015
Total commercial loans77,229
 75,252
76,960
 78,224
Residential loans:      
Residential mortgages - guaranteed521
 629
497
 537
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed 1
26,306
 24,744
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed 2
27,041
 26,137
Residential home equity products12,178
 13,171
10,865
 11,912
Residential construction393
 384
327
 404
Total residential loans39,398
 38,928
38,730
 38,990
Consumer loans:      
Guaranteed student5,844
 4,922
6,559
 6,167
Other direct7,358
 6,127
8,597
 7,771
Indirect10,434
 10,127
11,952
 10,736
Credit cards1,269
 1,086
1,466
 1,410
Total consumer loans24,905
 22,262
28,574
 26,084
LHFI
$141,532
 
$136,442

$144,264
 
$143,298
LHFS 2

$3,772
 
$1,838
LHFS 3

$2,835
 
$4,169
1 Includes $234$3.5 billion and $3.7 billion of lease financing and $764 million and $257$729 million of installment loans at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
2 Includes $206 million and $222 million of LHFI measured at fair value at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.
23 Includes $3.0$2.3 billion and $1.5$3.5 billion of LHFS measured at fair value at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.
During the three months ended September 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, the Company transferred $91 million and $153 million and $38 million inof LHFI to LHFS, and $6 million and $13 million and $75 million inof LHFS to LHFI, respectively. In addition to sales of residential and commercial mortgage LHFS in the normal course of business, the Company sold $285 million and $1.2 billion and $178 million inof loans and leases for a net gainsloss of $1 million and a net gain of $8 million and $9 million during the three months ended September 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, respectively.
During the nine months ended September 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, the Company transferred $218 million and $315 million and $1.7 billion inof LHFI to LHFS, and transferred $16 million and $23 million and $726 million inof LHFS to LHFI, respectively. In addition to sales of residential and commercial mortgage LHFS in the normal course of business, the Company sold $513 million and $1.5 billion and $2.0 billion inof loans and leases for an immaterial net gainsgain and a net gain of $6 million and $22 million during the nine months ended September 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, respectively.
At bothDuring the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company purchased $333 million and $506 million, respectively, of guaranteed student loans in the normal course of business. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company purchased $1.4 billion of guaranteed student loans and $99 million of consumer indirect loans, and during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company purchased $1.6 billion of guaranteed student loans.
At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2015,2016, the Company had $23.6$23.9 billion and $22.6 billion of net eligible loan collateral pledged to the Federal Reserve discount window to support $17.1$17.8 billion and $17.2$17.0 billion of available, unused borrowing capacity, respectively.
At September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, the Company had $36.1$38.2 billion and $33.7$36.9 billion of net eligible loan collateral pledged to the FHLB of Atlanta to support $31.1$30.8 billion and $28.5$31.9 billion of available borrowing capacity, respectively. The available FHLB borrowing capacity at September 30, 20162017 was used to support $3.0$1.3 billion of long-term debt and $4.4$5.0 billion of letters of credit issued on the Company's behalf. At
December 31, 2015,2016, the available FHLB borrowing capacity was used to support $408 million$2.8 billion of long-term debt and $6.7$7.3 billion of letters of credit issued on the Company's behalf.

Credit Quality Evaluation
The Company evaluates the credit quality of its loan portfolio by employing a dual internal risk rating system, which assigns both PD and LGD ratings to derive expected losses. Assignment of PD and LGDthese ratings are predicated upon numerous factors, including consumer credit risk scores, rating agency information, borrower/guarantor financial capacity, LTV ratios, collateral type, debt service coverage ratios, collection experience, other internal metrics/analyses, and/or qualitative assessments.
For the commercial portfolio, the Company believes that the most appropriate credit quality indicator is an individual loan’s risk assessment expressed according to the broad regulatory agency classifications of Pass or Criticized. The Company conforms to the following regulatory classifications for Criticized assets: Other Assets Especially Mentioned (or Special Mention), Adversely Classified, Doubtful, and Loss. However, for the purposes of disclosure, management believes the most meaningful distinction within the Criticized categories is between Criticized Accruingaccruing (which includes Special Mention and a portion of Adversely Classified) and Criticized Nonaccruingnonaccruing (which includes a portion of Adversely Classified and Doubtful and Loss). This distinction identifies those relatively higher risk loans for which there is a basis to believe that the Company will not collect all amounts due under those loan agreements. The Company's risk rating system is more granular, with multiple risk ratings in both the Pass and Criticized categories. Pass ratings reflect relatively low PDs, whereas, Criticized assets have higher PDs. The granularity in Pass ratings assists in establishing pricing, loan structures, approval requirements, reserves, and ongoing credit management requirements. Commercial risk ratings are refreshed at least annually, or more frequently as appropriate, based upon considerations such as market conditions, borrower characteristics, and portfolio trends. Additionally, management routinely reviews portfolio risk ratings, trends, and concentrations to support risk identification and mitigation activities. The increase in Criticized accruing and nonaccruing C&I loans at September 30, 2016 compared to December 31, 2015, as presented in the following risk rating table, was driven primarily by downgrades of loans in the energy industry vertical.
For consumer and residential loans, the Company monitors credit risk based on indicators such as delinquencies and FICO scores. The Company believes that consumer credit risk, as assessed by the industry-wide FICO scoring method, is a relevant credit quality indicator. Borrower-specific FICO scores are obtained at origination as part of the Company’s formal
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



underwriting process, and refreshed FICO scores are obtained by the Company at least quarterly.
For government-guaranteed loans, the Company monitors the credit quality based primarily on delinquency status, as it is a more relevant indicator of credit quality due to the government guarantee. At September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015, 28%2016, 32% and 31%29%, respectively, of the guaranteed residential loan

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



portfolio was current with respect to payments. At September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015, 77%2016, 76% and 78%75%, respectively, of the guaranteed student loan portfolio was current with respect
to payments. The Company's loss exposure on guaranteed residential and student loans is mitigated by the government guarantee.



LHFI by credit quality indicator are presented in the following tables:
Commercial LoansCommercial Loans
C&I CRE Commercial ConstructionC&I CRE Commercial Construction
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Risk rating:                      
Pass
$65,800
 
$65,379
 
$4,688
 
$6,067
 
$3,749
 
$1,931

$65,768
 
$66,961
 
$4,933
 
$4,574
 
$3,882
 
$3,914
Criticized accruing1,997
 1,375
 358
 158
 124
 23
1,698
 1,862
 300
 415
 81
 84
Criticized nonaccruing501
 308
 10
 11
 2
 
292
 390
 5
 7
 1
 17
Total
$68,298
 
$67,062
 
$5,056
 
$6,236
 
$3,875
 
$1,954

$67,758
 
$69,213
 
$5,238
 
$4,996
 
$3,964
 
$4,015

Residential Loans 1
Residential Loans 1
Residential Mortgages -
Nonguaranteed
 Residential Home Equity Products Residential Construction
Residential Mortgages -
Nonguaranteed
 Residential Home Equity Products Residential Construction
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Current FICO score range:                      
700 and above
$22,342
 
$20,422
 
$10,016
 
$10,772
 
$331
 
$313

$23,444
 
$22,194
 
$9,067
 
$9,826
 
$274
 
$292
620 - 6993,037
 3,262
 1,590
 1,741
 51
 58
2,769
 3,042
 1,334
 1,540
 43
 96
Below 620 2
927
 1,060
 572
 658
 11
 13
828
 901
 464
 546
 10
 16
Total
$26,306
 
$24,744
 
$12,178
 
$13,171
 
$393
 
$384

$27,041
 
$26,137
 
$10,865
 
$11,912
 
$327
 
$404

Consumer Loans 3
Consumer Loans 3
Other Direct Indirect Credit CardsOther Direct Indirect Credit Cards
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Current FICO score range:                      
700 and above
$6,649
 
$5,501
 
$7,377
 
$7,015
 
$878
 
$759

$7,778
 
$7,008
 
$8,907
 
$7,642
 
$1,000
 
$974
620 - 699659
 576
 2,483
 2,481
 317
 265
783
 703
 2,339
 2,381
 370
 351
Below 620 2
50
 50
 574
 631
 74
 62
36
 60
 706
 713
 96
 85
Total
$7,358
 
$6,127
 
$10,434
 
$10,127
 
$1,269
 
$1,086

$8,597
 
$7,771
 
$11,952
 
$10,736
 
$1,466
 
$1,410
1 Excludes $521$497 million and $629$537 million of guaranteed residential loans at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.
2 For substantially all loans with refreshed FICO scores below 620, the borrower’s FICO score at the time of origination exceeded 620 but has since deteriorated as the loan has seasoned.
3 Excludes $5.8$6.6 billion and $4.9$6.2 billion of guaranteed student loans at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued




The payment status for the LHFI portfolio is presented in the following tables:

September 30, 2016September 30, 2017
(Dollars in millions)
Accruing
Current
 
Accruing
30-89 Days
Past Due
 
Accruing
90+ Days
Past Due
 
 Nonaccruing 2
 Total
Accruing
Current
 
Accruing
30-89 Days
Past Due
 
Accruing
90+ Days
Past Due
 
 Nonaccruing 2
 Total
Commercial loans:                  
C&I
$67,751
 
$36
 
$10
 
$501
 
$68,298

$67,396
 
$55
 
$15
 
$292
 
$67,758
CRE5,044
 2
 
 10
 5,056
5,231
 1
 1
 5
 5,238
Commercial construction3,873
 
 
 2
 3,875
3,963
 
 
 1
 3,964
Total commercial loans76,668
 38
 10
 513
 77,229
76,590
 56
 16
 298
 76,960
Residential loans:                  
Residential mortgages - guaranteed148
 54
 319
 
 521
161
 50
 286
 
 497
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed 1
26,038
 77
 8
 183
 26,306
26,802
 73
 5
 161
 27,041
Residential home equity products11,866
 77
 
 235
 12,178
10,559
 92
 
 214
 10,865
Residential construction381
 1
 
 11
 393
315
 1
 
 11
 327
Total residential loans38,433
 209
 327
 429
 39,398
37,837
 216
 291
 386
 38,730
Consumer loans:                  
Guaranteed student4,526
 522
 796
 
 5,844
4,974
 567
 1,018
 
 6,559
Other direct7,322
 28
 3
 5
 7,358
8,547
 38
 6
 6
 8,597
Indirect10,329
 103
 
 2
 10,434
11,815
 130
 
 7
 11,952
Credit cards1,251
 10
 8
 
 1,269
1,441
 13
 12
 
 1,466
Total consumer loans23,428
 663
 807
 7
 24,905
26,777
 748
 1,036
 13
 28,574
Total LHFI
$138,529
 
$910
 
$1,144
 
$949
 
$141,532

$141,204
 
$1,020
 
$1,343
 
$697
 
$144,264
1 Includes $234$206 million of loans measured at fair value, the majority of which were accruing current.
2 Nonaccruing loans past due 90 days or more totaled $342$333 million. Nonaccruing loans past due fewer than 90 days include modified nonaccrual loans reported as TDRs, performing second lien loans where the first lien loan is nonperforming, and certain energy-related commercial loans. 


December 31, 2015December 31, 2016
(Dollars in millions)
Accruing
Current
 
Accruing
30-89 Days
Past Due
 
Accruing
90+ Days
Past Due
 
 Nonaccruing 2
 Total
Accruing
Current
 
Accruing
30-89 Days
Past Due
 
Accruing
90+ Days
Past Due
 
 Nonaccruing 2
 Total
Commercial loans:                  
C&I
$66,670
 
$61
 
$23
 
$308
 
$67,062

$68,776
 
$35
 
$12
 
$390
 
$69,213
CRE6,222
 3
 
 11
 6,236
4,988
 1
 
 7
 4,996
Commercial construction1,952
 
 2
 
 1,954
3,998
 
 
 17
 4,015
Total commercial loans74,844
 64
 25
 319
 75,252
77,762
 36
 12
 414
 78,224
Residential loans:                  
Residential mortgages - guaranteed192
 59
 378
 
 629
155
 55
 327
 
 537
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed 1
24,449
 105
 7
 183
 24,744
25,869
 84
 7
 177
 26,137
Residential home equity products12,939
 87
 
 145
 13,171
11,596
 81
 
 235
 11,912
Residential construction365
 3
 
 16
 384
389
 3
 
 12
 404
Total residential loans37,945
 254
 385
 344
 38,928
38,009
 223
 334
 424
 38,990
Consumer loans:                  
Guaranteed student3,861
 500
 561
 
 4,922
4,637
 603
 927
 
 6,167
Other direct6,094
 24
 3
 6
 6,127
7,726
 35
 4
 6
 7,771
Indirect10,022
 102
 
 3
 10,127
10,608
 126
 1
 1
 10,736
Credit cards1,070
 9
 7
 
 1,086
1,388
 12
 10
 
 1,410
Total consumer loans21,047
 635
 571
 9
 22,262
24,359
 776
 942
 7
 26,084
Total LHFI
$133,836
 
$953
 
$981
 
$672
 
$136,442

$140,130
 
$1,035
 
$1,288
 
$845
 
$143,298
1 Includes $257$222 million of loans measured at fair value, the majority of which were accruing current.
2 Nonaccruing loans past due 90 days or more totaled $336$360 million. Nonaccruing loans past due fewer than 90 days include modified nonaccrual loans reported as TDRs, and performing second lien loans where the first lien loan is nonperforming, and certain energy-related commercial loans.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued




Impaired Loans
A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due, including principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the agreement. Commercial nonaccrual loans greater than $3 million and certain commercial, residential, and consumer loans whose terms have been modified in a TDR are individually evaluated
 
for impairment. Smaller-balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and loans measured at fair value are not included in the following tables. Additionally, the following tables exclude guaranteed consumer student loans and guaranteed residential mortgages for which there was nominal risk of principal loss.


September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
(Dollars in millions)
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Amortized
 Cost 1
 
Related
Allowance
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Amortized
 Cost 1
 
Related
Allowance
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Amortized
 Cost 1
 
Related
ALLL
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Amortized
 Cost 1
 
Related
ALLL
Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded:          
Impaired LHFI with no ALLL recorded:Impaired LHFI with no ALLL recorded:          
Commercial loans:                      
C&I
$278
 
$263
 
$—
 
$55
 
$42
 
$—

$79
 
$72
 
$—
 
$266
 
$214
 
$—
CRE
 
 
 11
 9
 
Total commercial loans278
 263
 
 66
 51
 
79
 72
 
 266
 214
 
Residential loans:                      
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed468
 361
 
 500
 380
 
461
 365
 
 466
 360
 
Residential construction16
 8
 
 29
 8
 
16
 9
 
 16
 8
 
Total residential loans484
 369
 
 529
 388
 
477
 374
 
 482
 368
 
                      
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded:           
Impaired LHFI with an ALLL recorded:           
Commercial loans:                      
C&I239
 171
 40
 173
 167
 28
171
 153
 30
 225
 151
 31
CRE
 
 
 26
 17
 2
Total commercial loans239
 171
 40
 173
 167
 28
171
 153
 30
 251
 168
 33
Residential loans:                      
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed1,320
 1,288
 160
 1,381
 1,344
 178
1,161
 1,132
 124
 1,277
 1,248
 150
Residential home equity products837
 766
 54
 740
 670
 60
945
 885
 55
 863
 795
 54
Residential construction113
 112
 11
 127
 125
 14
97
 96
 8
 109
 107
 11
Total residential loans2,270
 2,166
 225
 2,248
 2,139
 252
2,203
 2,113
 187
 2,249
 2,150
 215
Consumer loans:                      
Other direct10
 10
 1
 11
 11
 1
59
 59
 1
 59
 59
 1
Indirect108
 107
 5
 114
 114
 5
118
 117
 7
 103
 103
 5
Credit cards24
 6
 1
 24
 6
 1
25
 6
 1
 24
 6
 1
Total consumer loans142
 123
 7
 149
 131
 7
202
 182
 9
 186
 168
 7
Total impaired loans
$3,413
 
$3,092
 
$272
 
$3,165
 
$2,876
 
$287
Total impaired LHFI
$3,132
 
$2,894
 
$226
 
$3,434
 
$3,068
 
$255
1 Amortized cost reflects charge-offs that have been recognized plus other amounts that have been applied to adjust the net book balance.



Included in the impaired loanLHFI balances above at both September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 20152016 were $2.5 billion and $2.6 billion, respectively, of accruing TDRs at amortized cost, of which 97% were current.current for each period. See Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies,” to the Company's 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information regarding the Company’s loan impairment policy.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued





Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
2016 2015 2016 20152017 2016 2017 2016
(Dollars in millions)
Average
Amortized
Cost
 
Interest
Income
Recognized1
 
Average
Amortized
Cost
 
Interest
Income
Recognized1
 
Average
Amortized
Cost
 
Interest
Income
Recognized1
 
Average
Amortized
Cost
 
Interest
Income
Recognized1
Average
Amortized
Cost
 
Interest
Income
Recognized1
 
Average
Amortized
Cost
 
Interest
Income
Recognized1
 
Average
Amortized
Cost
 
Interest
Income
Recognized1
 
Average
Amortized
Cost
 
Interest
Income
Recognized1
Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded:      
Impaired LHFI with no ALLL recorded:Impaired LHFI with no ALLL recorded:      
Commercial loans:                              
C&I
$268
 
$1
 
$51
 
$—
 
$200
 
$1
 
$53
 
$1

$70
 
$—
 
$268
 
$1
 
$81
 
$—
 
$200
 
$1
CRE
 
 9
 
 
 
 10
 
Total commercial loans268
 1
 60
 
 200
 1
 63
 1
70
 
 268
 1
 81
 
 200
 1
Residential loans:                              
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed364
 4
 330
 4
 368
 12
 335
 11
364
 4
 364
 4
 361
 11
 368
 12
Residential construction8
 
 9
 
 8
 
 11
 
9
 
 8
 
 9
 
 8
 
Total residential loans372
 4
 339
 4
 376
 12
 346
 11
373
 4
 372
 4
 370
 11
 376
 12
                              
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded:            
Impaired LHFI with an ALLL recorded:Impaired LHFI with an ALLL recorded:            
Commercial loans:                              
C&I188
 
 20
 
 185
 1
 23
 1
150
 
 188
 
 145
 2
 185
 1
Total commercial loans188
 
 20
 
 185
 1
 23
 1
150
 
 188
 
 145
 2
 185
 1
Residential loans:                              
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed1,288
 15
 1,393
 17
 1,292
 48
 1,396
 52
1,135
 14
 1,288
 15
 1,146
 45
 1,292
 48
Residential home equity products771
 7
 640
 7
 780
 22
 646
 21
890
 8
 771
 7
 901
 24
 780
 22
Residential construction112
 1
 124
 2
 114
 4
 125
 6
96
 2
 112
 1
 98
 4
 114
 4
Total residential loans2,171
 23
 2,157
 26
 2,186
 74
 2,167
 79
2,121
 24
 2,171
 23
 2,145
 73
 2,186
 74
Consumer loans:                              
Other direct10
 
 12
 
 11
 
 12
 
58
 1
 10
 
 59
 3
 11
 
Indirect109
 1
 114
 1
 115
 4
 119
 4
120
 2
 109
 1
 128
 4
 115
 4
Credit cards6
 
 6
 
 6
 
 7
 
6
 
 6
 
 6
 1
 6
 
Total consumer loans125
 1
 132
 1
 132
 4
 138
 4
184
 3
 125
 1
 193
 8
 132
 4
Total impaired loans
$3,124
 
$29
 
$2,708
 
$31
 
$3,079
 
$92
 
$2,737
 
$96
Total impaired LHFI
$2,898
 
$31
 
$3,124
 
$29
 
$2,934
 
$94
 
$3,079
 
$92
1 Of the interest income recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, cash basis interest income was less than $1 million and $3 million, respectively.
Of the interest income recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, cash basis interest income was less than $1 million and $2 million, respectively.
Of the interest income recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, cash basis interest income was $1 million and $3 million, respectively.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued




NPAs are presented in the following table:

(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Nonaccrual/NPLs:      
Commercial loans:      
C&I
$501
 
$308

$292
 
$390
CRE10
 11
5
 7
Commercial construction2
 
1
 17
Residential loans:      
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed183
 183
161
 177
Residential home equity products235
 145
214
 235
Residential construction11
 16
11
 12
Consumer loans:      
Other direct5
 6
6
 6
Indirect2
 3
7
 1
Total nonaccrual/NPLs 1
949
 672
697
 845
OREO 2
57
 56
57
 60
Other repossessed assets13
 7
7
 14
Nonperforming LHFS31
 
Total NPAs
$1,019
 
$735

$792
 
$919
1 Nonaccruing restructured loans are included in total nonaccrual/NPLs.
2 Does not include foreclosed real estate related to loans insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA. Proceeds due from the FHA and the VA are recorded as a receivable in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets until the property is conveyed and the funds are received. The receivable related to proceeds due from the FHA or the VA totaled $51 million and $52$50 million at both September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.



The Company's recorded investment of nonaccruing loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 20152016 was $105$72 million and $112$85 million, respectively. The Company's recorded investment of accruing loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 20152016 was $140$94 million and $152$122 million, of which $131$90 million and $141$114 million were insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA, respectively.
 
At September 30, 2016,2017, OREO included $46$50 million of foreclosed residential real estate properties and $9$4 million of foreclosed commercial real estate properties, with the remainderremaining $3 million related to land.
At December 31, 2015,2016, OREO included $39$50 million of foreclosed residential real estate properties and $11$7 million of foreclosed commercial real estate properties, with the remainderremaining $3 million related to land.


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued




Restructured Loans
A TDR is a loan for which the Company has granted an economic concession to thea borrower in response to certain instances of financial difficulty experienced by the borrower, thatwhich the Company would not have considered otherwise. When a loan is modified under the terms of a TDR, the Company typically offers the borrower an extension of the loan maturity date and/or a reduction in the original contractual interest rate. In certain
situations, the Company may offer to restructure a loan in a
manner that ultimately results in the forgiveness of a contractually specified principal balance.
At September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, the Company had $19$1 million and $4$29 million, respectively, of commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in a TDR.



The number and amortized cost of loans modified under the terms of a TDR, by type of modification, are presented in the following tables:
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 1
(Dollars in millions)Number of Loans Modified 
Principal
Forgiveness
2
 Rate Modification Term Extension and/or Other Concessions Total
Commercial loans:         
C&I44
 
$—
 
$—
 
$49
 
$49
CRE2
 
 
 
 
Residential loans:         
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed311
 2
 22
 1
 25
Residential home equity products884
 
 
 55
 55
Residential construction26
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans:         
Other direct41
 
 
 
 
Indirect897
 
 
 9
 9
Credit cards187
 
 1
 
 1
Total TDRs2,392
 
$2
 
$23
 
$114
 
$139

Nine months ended September 30, 2016 1
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 1
(Dollars in millions)Number of Loans Modified 
Principal
Forgiveness
2
 Rate Modification Term Extension and/or Other Concessions TotalNumber of Loans Modified Rate Modification Term Extension and/or Other Concessions Total
Commercial loans:                
C&I79
 
$—
 
$—
 
$95
 
$95
76
 
$2
 
$7
 
$9
CRE2
 
 
 
 
Commercial construction1
 
 
 
 
Residential loans:                
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed550
 2
 80
 9
 91
41
 6
 4
 10
Residential home equity products2,415
 
 9
 182
 191
696
 18
 45
 63
Residential construction26
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans:                
Other direct73
 
 
 1
 1
135
 
 2
 2
Indirect1,815
 
 
 30
 30
738
 
 17
 17
Credit cards539
 
 2
 
 2
182
 1
 
 1
Total TDRs5,500
 
$2
 
$91
 
$317
 
$410
Total TDR additions1,868
 
$27
 
$75
 
$102
1 Includes loans modified under the terms of a TDR that were charged-off during the period.
2 Restructured loans which had forgiveness of amounts contractually due under the terms of the loan may have had other concessions including rate modifications and/or term extensions. The total amount of charge-offs associated with principal forgiveness during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 was immaterial.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued




 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 1
(Dollars in millions)Number of Loans Modified 
Principal
Forgiveness
2
 Rate Modification Term Extension and/or Other Concessions Total
Commercial loans:         
C&I18
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
Residential loans:         
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed175
 3
 32
 10
 45
Residential home equity products419
 
 7
 21
 28
Residential construction6
 
 
 
 
Consumer loans:         
Other direct10
 
 
 
 
Indirect611
 
 
 13
 13
Credit cards157
 
 1
 
 1
Total TDRs1,396
 
$3
 
$40
 
$44
 
$87

Nine months ended September 30, 2015 1
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 1
(Dollars in millions)Number of Loans Modified 
Principal
Forgiveness
2
 Rate Modification Term Extension and/or Other Concessions TotalNumber of Loans Modified Rate Modification Term Extension and/or Other Concessions Total
Commercial loans:               
C&I63 
$—
 
$1
 
$5
 
$6
136
 
$2
 
$86
 
$88
CRE1 
 
 
 
Residential loans:               
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed632 10
 95
 20
 125
119
 17
 8
 25
Residential home equity products1,386 
 20
 62
 82
1,971
 18
 172
 190
Residential construction17 
 
 
 
Consumer loans:               
Other direct47 
 
 1
 1
425
 
 6
 6
Indirect1,999 
 
 39
 39
2,034
 
 50
 50
Credit cards529 
 2
 
 2
615
 3
 
 3
Total TDRs4,674 
$10
 
$118
 
$127
 
$255
Total TDR additions5,300
 
$40
 
$322
 
$362
1 Includes loans modified under the terms of a TDR that were charged-off during the period.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued




 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 1
(Dollars in millions)Number of Loans Modified Rate Modification Term Extension and/or Other Concessions Total
Commercial loans:       
C&I19
 
$—
 
$49
 
$49
Residential loans:       
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed102
 22
 3
 25
Residential home equity products569
 
 55
 55
Consumer loans:       
Other direct2
 
 
 
Indirect351
 
 9
 9
Credit cards149
 1
 
 1
Total TDR additions1,192
 
$23
 
$116
 
$139
21 RestructuredIncludes loans which had forgiveness of amounts contractually duemodified under the terms of the loan may have had other concessions including rate modifications and/or term extensions. The total amount of charge-offs associated with principal forgivenessa TDR that were charged-off during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 was immaterial.period.

 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 1
(Dollars in millions)Number of Loans Modified Rate Modification Term Extension and/or Other Concessions Total
Commercial loans:       
C&I48 
$—
 
$95
 
$95
Commercial construction1
 
 
 
Residential loans:       
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed339 80
 11
 91
Residential home equity products2,030 9
 182
 191
Consumer loans:       
Other direct34 
 1
 1
Indirect1,217 
 30
 30
Credit cards501 2
 
 2
Total TDR additions4,170
 
$91
 
$319
 
$410
1 Includes loans modified under the terms of a TDR that were charged-off during the period.


TDRs that have defaulted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, and 2015 thatwhich were first modified within the previous 12 months, were immaterial. ThThe e majority of loans that were modified under the terms of a TDR and subsequently became 90 days or more delinquent have remained on nonaccrual status since the time of delinquency.

Concentrations of Credit Risk
The Company does not have a significant concentration of risk to any individual client except for the U.S. government and its agencies. However, a geographic concentration arises because the Company operates primarily within Florida, Georgia, Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina, and Virginia.Carolina. The Company engages in limited international banking activities. The Company’s total
cross-border outstanding loans were $2.1$1.5 billion and $1.6$2.2 billion at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.
With respect to collateral concentration, at September 30, 2016,2017, the Company owned $39.4$38.7 billion in loans secured by residential real estate, representing 28%27% of total LHFI. Additionally, the Company had $10.4$10.1 billion in commitments to extend credit on home equity lines and $7.5$4.1 billion in residential mortgage loan commitments outstanding at September 30, 2016.2017. At December 31, 2015,2016, the Company owned $38.9$39.0 billion in loans secured by residential real estate, representing 29%27% of total LHFI, and had $10.5$10.3 billion in commitments to extend credit on home equity lines and $3.2$4.2 billion in residential mortgage loan commitments outstanding. At both September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, 1% and 2% of residential loans owned were guaranteed by a federal agency or a GSE, respectively.


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



NOTE 6 - ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The allowance for credit losses consists of the ALLL and the unfunded commitments reserve. Activity in the allowance for credit losses is summarized in the following table:
Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2016 2015 2016 20152017 2016 2017 2016
Balance, beginning of period
$1,840
 
$1,886
 
$1,815
 
$1,991

$1,803
 
$1,840
 
$1,776
 
$1,815
Provision for loan losses95
 23
 338
 107
119
 95
 324
 338
Provision for unfunded commitments2
 9
 5
 7
1
 2
 6
 5
Loan charge-offs(150) (102) (428) (356)(109) (150) (357) (428)
Loan recoveries24
 31
 81
 98
31
 24
 96
 81
Balance, end of period
$1,811
 
$1,847
 
$1,811
 
$1,847

$1,845
 
$1,811
 
$1,845
 
$1,811
              
Components:              
ALLL    
$1,743
 
$1,786
    
$1,772
 
$1,743
Unfunded commitments reserve 1
    68
 61
    73
 68
Allowance for credit losses    
$1,811
 
$1,847
    
$1,845
 
$1,811
1 The unfunded commitments reserve is recorded in otherOther liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Activity in the ALLL by loan segment for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 is presented in the following tables:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
(Dollars in millions)Commercial Residential Consumer TotalCommercial Residential Consumer Total
Balance, beginning of period
$1,147
 
$439
 
$188
 
$1,774

$1,140
 
$337
 
$254
 
$1,731
Provision/(benefit) for loan losses81
 (36) 50
 95
Provision for loan losses5
 29
 85
 119
Loan charge-offs(78) (28) (44) (150)(33) (23) (53) (109)
Loan recoveries7
 7
 10
 24
11
 8
 12
 31
Balance, end of period
$1,157
 
$382
 
$204
 
$1,743

$1,123
 
$351
 
$298
 
$1,772
    
 
    
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2015Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
(Dollars in millions)Commercial Residential Consumer TotalCommercial Residential Consumer Total
Balance, beginning of period
$993
 
$676
 
$165
 
$1,834

$1,147
 
$439
 
$188
 
$1,774
Provision/(benefit) for loan losses33
 (39) 29
 23
81
 (36) 50
 95
Loan charge-offs(23) (47) (32) (102)(78) (28) (44) (150)
Loan recoveries10
 11
 10
 31
7
 7
 10
 24
Balance, end of period
$1,013
 
$601
 
$172
 
$1,786

$1,157
 
$382
 
$204
 
$1,743
              
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
(Dollars in millions)Commercial Residential Consumer TotalCommercial Residential Consumer Total
Balance, beginning of period
$1,047
 
$534
 
$171
 
$1,752

$1,124
 
$369
 
$216
 
$1,709
Provision/(benefit) for loan losses293
 (72) 117
 338
Provision for loan losses89
 33
 202
 324
Loan charge-offs(209) (102) (117) (428)(122) (78) (157) (357)
Loan recoveries26
 22
 33
 81
32
 27
 37
 96
Balance, end of period
$1,157
 
$382
 
$204
 
$1,743

$1,123
 
$351
 
$298
 
$1,772
              
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
(Dollars in millions)Commercial Residential Consumer TotalCommercial Residential Consumer Total
Balance, beginning of period
$986
 
$777
 
$174
 
$1,937

$1,047
 
$534
 
$171
 
$1,752
Provision/(benefit) for loan losses74
 (30) 63
 107
293
 (72) 117
 338
Loan charge-offs(82) (177) (97) (356)(209) (102) (117) (428)
Loan recoveries35
 31
 32
 98
26
 22
 33
 81
Balance, end of period
$1,013
 
$601
 
$172
 
$1,786

$1,157
 
$382
 
$204
 
$1,743

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



As discussed in Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies,” to the Company's 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K, the ALLL is composed of both specific allowances for certain nonaccrual loans and TDRs and general allowances grouped into loan pools based on for groups of loans with
similar risk characteristics. No allowance is required for
loans measured at fair value. Additionally, the Company records an immaterial allowance for loan products that are guaranteed by government agencies, as there is nominal risk of principal loss.


The Company’s LHFI portfolio and related ALLL is presented in the following tables:
September 30, 2016September 30, 2017
Commercial Residential Consumer TotalCommercial Residential Consumer Total
(Dollars in millions)
Carrying
Value
 ALLL 
Carrying
Value
 ALLL 
Carrying
Value
 ALLL 
Carrying
Value
 ALLL
Carrying
Value
 
Related
ALLL
 
Carrying
Value
 Related
ALLL
 
Carrying
Value
 Related
ALLL
 
Carrying
Value
 Related
ALLL
LHFI evaluated for impairment:LHFI evaluated for impairment:              
Individually evaluated
$434
 
$40
 
$2,535
 
$225
 
$123
 
$7
 
$3,092
 
$272

$225
 
$30
 
$2,487
 
$187
 
$182
 
$9
 
$2,894
 
$226
Collectively evaluated76,795
 1,117
 36,629
 157
 24,782
 197
 138,206
 1,471
76,735
 1,093
 36,037
 164
 28,392
 289
 141,164
 1,546
Total evaluated77,229
 1,157
 39,164
 382
 24,905
 204
 141,298
 1,743
76,960
 1,123
 38,524
 351
 28,574
 298
 144,058
 1,772
LHFI at fair value
 
 234
 
 
 
 234
 
LHFI measured at fair value
 
 206
 
 
 
 206
 
Total LHFI
$77,229
 
$1,157
 
$39,398
 
$382
 
$24,905
 
$204
 
$141,532
 
$1,743

$76,960
 
$1,123
 
$38,730
 
$351
 
$28,574
 
$298
 
$144,264
 
$1,772
December 31, 2015December 31, 2016
Commercial Residential Consumer TotalCommercial Residential Consumer Total
(Dollars in millions)Carrying
Value
 ALLL Carrying
Value
 ALLL Carrying
Value
 ALLL Carrying
Value
 ALLLCarrying
Value
 
Related
ALLL
 Carrying
Value
 Related
ALLL
 Carrying
Value
 Related
ALLL
 Carrying
Value
 Related
ALLL
LHFI evaluated for impairment:

LHFI evaluated for impairment:

              
Individually evaluated
$218
 
$28
 
$2,527
 
$252
 
$131
 
$7
 
$2,876
 
$287

$382
 
$33
 
$2,518
 
$215
 
$168
 
$7
 
$3,068
 
$255
Collectively evaluated75,034
 1,019
 36,144
 282
 22,131
 164
 133,309
 1,465
77,842
 1,091
 36,250
 154
 25,916
 209
 140,008
 1,454
Total evaluated75,252
 1,047
 38,671
 534
 22,262
 171
 136,185
 1,752
78,224
 1,124
 38,768
 369
 26,084
 216
 143,076
 1,709
LHFI at fair value
 
 257
 
 
 
 257
 
LHFI measured at fair value
 
 222
 
 
 
 222
 
Total LHFI
$75,252
 
$1,047
 
$38,928
 
$534
 
$22,262
 
$171
 
$136,442
 
$1,752

$78,224
 
$1,124
 
$38,990
 
$369
 
$26,084
 
$216
 
$143,298
 
$1,709




NOTE 7 – GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
As discussed in Note 16, "Business Segment Reporting," the Company realigned its business segment structure from three segments to two segments in the second quarter of 2017. As a result, the Company reassessed the composition of its goodwill reporting units and combined the Consumer Banking and Private Wealth Management reporting unit and Mortgage Banking reporting unit into a single Consumer goodwill reporting unit. The Mortgage Banking reporting unit did not have any associated goodwill prior to this change. The composition of the Wholesale Banking reporting unit was not impacted by the business segment structure realignment.
The Company conducts a goodwill impairment test at the reporting unit level at least annually, or more frequently as events occur or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," into the Company's 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional
information regarding the Company's goodwill accounting policy.
The Company performed a qualitative goodwill assessmentassessments in the first, second, and third quarters of 2016,2017, considering changes in key assumptions, and monitoring other events, or
changes inand circumstances occurring since the most recent annual goodwill impairment analysestest performed as of October 1, 2015.2016. The Company concluded, based on the totality of factors observed, that it is not more-likely-than-not that the fair values of its reporting unitsreportable segments are less than their respective carrying values. Accordingly, goodwill was not required to be quantitatively tested for impairment during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.2017.
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 are presented in the following table. There were no material changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.2016.

(Dollars in millions)Consumer Wholesale Total
Balance, January 1, 2017
$4,262
 
$2,075
 
$6,337
Measurement period adjustment related to the acquisition of Pillar
 1
 1
Balance, September 30, 2017
$4,262
 
$2,076
 
$6,338
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Other Intangible Assets
Changes in the carrying amounts of other intangible assets for the nine months ended September 30 are presented in the following table:
(Dollars in millions) MSRs -
Fair Value
 Other TotalResidential MSRs - Fair Value Other Total
Balance, January 1, 2017
$1,572
 
$85
 
$1,657
Amortization 1

 (16) (16)
Servicing rights originated252
 10
 262
Changes in fair value:    
Due to changes in inputs and assumptions 2
(27) 
 (27)
Other changes in fair value 3
(168) 
 (168)
Servicing rights sold(1) 
 (1)
Other 4

 (1) (1)
Balance, September 30, 2017
$1,628
 
$78
 
$1,706
     
Balance, January 1, 2016
$1,307
 
$18
 
$1,325

$1,307
 
$18
 
$1,325
Amortization 1

 (6) (6)
 (6) (6)
Servicing rights originated198
 
 198
198
 
 198
Servicing rights purchased104
 
 104
104
 
 104
Changes in fair value:    
    

Due to changes in inputs and assumptions 2
(328) 
 (328)(328) 
 (328)
Other changes in fair value 3
(160) 
 (160)(160) 
 (160)
Servicing rights sold(2) 
 (2)(2) 
 (2)
Balance, September 30, 2016
$1,119
 
$12
 
$1,131

$1,119
 
$12
 
$1,131
     
Balance, January 1, 2015
$1,206
 
$13
 
$1,219
Amortization 1

 (6) (6)
Servicing rights originated185
 13
 198
Servicing rights purchased109
 
 109
Changes in fair value:    

Due to changes in inputs and assumptions 2
(74) 
 (74)
Other changes in fair value 3
(161) 
 (161)
Servicing rights sold(3) 
 (3)
Balance, September 30, 2015
$1,262
 
$20
 
$1,282
1 Does not include expense associated with non-qualified community development investments. See Note 8, "Certain Transfers of Financial Assets and Variable Interest Entities," for additional information.
2 Primarily reflects changes in option adjusted spreads and prepayment speed assumptions, due to changes in interest rates.
3 Represents changes due to the collection of expected cash flows, net of accretion due to the passage of time.


The Company's estimated future amortization4 Represents the first quarter of 2017 measurement period adjustment on other intangible assets subject to amortization was immaterial at September 30, 2016.acquired previously in the Pillar acquisition.


Servicing Rights
The Company acquires servicing rights and retains servicing rights for certain of its sales or securitizations of residential mortgage, and consumer indirect, and commercial loans. MSRs on residential mortgage loans and servicing rights on commercial and consumer indirect loans are the only servicing assets capitalized by the Company and are classified within other intangible assets on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Residential Mortgage Servicing Rights
Income earned by the Company on its residential MSRs is derived primarily from contractually specified mortgage servicing fees and late fees, net of curtailment costs. Such income earned for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20162017 was $100 million and $301 million, respectively, and $94 million and $272 million, respectively, and $89 million and $254 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015,2016, respectively. These amounts are reported in mortgage servicing related income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
At September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, the total UPB of residential mortgage loans serviced was $154.0$165.3 billion and $148.2
 
and $160.2 billion, respectively. Included in these amounts were $123.9 billion and $121.0 billion at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016 were $135.4 billion and $129.6 billion, respectively, of loans serviced for third parties. The Company purchased MSRs on residential loans with a UPB of $10.9 billion during the nine months ended September 30, 2016; $8.1 billion of which are reflected in the UPB amounts above and the transfer of servicing for the remainder is scheduled for the fourth quarter of 2016. The Company purchasedNo MSRs on residential loans with a UPB of $10.3 billionwere purchased during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.2017. During the nine months ended September 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, the Company sold MSRs on residential loans, at a price approximating their fair value, with a UPB of $464$350 million and $590$464 million, respectively.
The Company calculatesmeasures the fair value of its residential MSRs using a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income using prepayment projections, spreads, and other assumptions. Senior managementThe Consumer Valuation Committee reviews and the STM valuation committee reviewapproves all significant assumptionsassumption changes at least quarterly, comparingevaluating these inputs compared to various sources of market data.and empirical data sources. Changes to valuation model inputs are reflected in the periods' results. See Note 14, “Fair Value Election and Measurement,” for further information regarding the Company's residential MSR valuation methodology.


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



A summary of the key inputs used to estimate the fair value of the Company’s residential MSRs at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, and the sensitivity of the fair values to immediate 10% and 20% adverse changes in those inputs, are presented in the following table.
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Fair value of MSRs
$1,119
 
$1,307
Fair value of residential MSRs
$1,628
 
$1,572
Prepayment rate assumption (annual)14% 10%13% 9%
Decline in fair value from 10% adverse change
$50
 
$49

$91
 
$50
Decline in fair value from 20% adverse change97
 94
167
 97
Option adjusted spread (annual)9% 8%4% 8%
Decline in fair value from 10% adverse change
$40
 
$64

$41
 
$63
Decline in fair value from 20% adverse change78
 123
80
 122
Weighted-average life (in years)5.4
 6.6
5.2
 7.0
Weighted-average coupon4.0% 4.1%4.0% 4.0%
These residential MSR sensitivities are hypothetical and should be used with caution. Changes in fair value based on variations in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because (i) the relationship of the change in an assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear and (ii) changes in one assumption may result in changes in another, which might magnify or counteract the sensitivities. The sensitivities do not reflect the effect of hedging activity undertaken by the Company to offset changes in the fair value of MSRs. See Note 13, “Derivative Financial Instruments,” for further information regarding these hedging activities.
Consumer Loan Servicing Rights
In June 2015, the Company completed the securitization of $1.0 billion of indirect auto loans, with servicing rights retained, and recognized a $13 million servicing asset at the time of sale. See Note 8, “Certain Transfers of Financial Assets and Variable Interest Entities,” for additional information on the Company's securitization transactions.
Income earned by the Company on its consumer loan servicing rights is derived primarily from contractually specified servicing fees and other ancillary fees. Such income earned was immaterial for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, and was $2 million and $5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, was $2 million and $5 million, respectively, and is reported in other noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Income earned for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $2 million and $3 million, respectively.
At September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, the total UPB of consumer indirect loans serviced for third parties was $578$337 million and $807$512 million, respectively, all of which were serviced for third parties.respectively. No consumer loan servicing rights were purchased or sold during the nine months ended September 30, 20162017 and 2015.2016.
Consumer loan servicing rights are accounted for at amortized cost and are monitored for impairment on an ongoing basis. The Company calculates the fair value of consumer servicing rights using a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income using prepayment projections and other assumptions. Impairment, if any, is recognized when changes in valuation model inputs reflect a fair value for the servicing asset that is below its respective carrying value.discounted cash flow model. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the amortized cost of the Company's consumer loan servicing rights was $5 million.$2 million and $4 million, respectively.
Commercial Mortgage Servicing Rights
In December 2016, the Company completed the acquisition of substantially all of the assets of the operating subsidiaries of Pillar, and as a result, the Company recognized a $62 million servicing asset. See Note 2, "Acquisitions/Dispositions," to the Company's 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information on the Pillar acquisition.
Income earned by the Company on its commercial mortgage servicing rights is derived primarily from contractually specified servicing fees and other ancillary fees. Such income earned for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $6 million and $17 million, respectively, and is reported in commercial real estate related income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. There was no income earned on commercial mortgage servicing rights for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.
The Company also earns income from subservicing certain third party commercial mortgages for which the Company does not record servicing rights. Such income earned for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $3 million and $11 million, respectively, and is reported in commercial real estate related income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. There was no income earned from such subservicing arrangements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.
At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the total UPB of commercial mortgage loans serviced for third parties was $30.2 billion and $27.7 billion, respectively. Included in these amounts at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were $5.3 billion and $4.8 billion, respectively, of loans serviced for third parties for which the Company records servicing rights, and $24.9 billion and $22.9 billion, respectively, of loans subserviced for third parties for which the Company does not record servicing rights. No commercial mortgage servicing rights were purchased or sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.
Commercial mortgage servicing rights are accounted for at amortized cost and are monitored for impairment on an ongoing basis. The Company calculates the fair value of commercial servicing rights based on the present value of estimated future net servicing income, considering prepayment projections and other assumptions. Impairment, if any, is recognized when the carrying value of the servicing asset exceeds the fair value at the measurement date. The amortized cost of the Company's commercial mortgage servicing rights were $61 million and $62 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
A summary of the key inputs used to estimate the fair value of the Company’s commercial servicing rights at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, are presented in the following table.
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Fair value of commercial mortgage servicing rights
$69
 
$62
Discount rate (annual)12% 12%
Prepayment rate assumption (annual)7
 6
Float earnings rate (annual)1.0
 0.5
Weighted-average life (in years)7.1
 7.0


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



NOTE 8 - CERTAIN TRANSFERS OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
The Company has transferred loans and securities in sale or securitization transactions infor which the Company retains certain beneficial interests, servicing rights, and/or servicing rights.recourse. These transfers of financial assets include certain residential mortgage loans, commercial and corporate loans, and consumer loans, as discussed in the following section, "Transfers of Financial Assets." Cash receipts on beneficial interests held related to these transfers were $4 million and $9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, and $4 million and $10 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, and $6 million and $14 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively. The servicing fees related to these asset transfers (excluding servicing fees for residential and commercial mortgage loan transfers to GSEs, which are discussed in Note 7, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”) were immaterial for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 20162017 and 2015.2016.
When a transfer or other transaction occurs with a VIE, the Company first determines whether it has a VI in the VIE. A VI is typically in the form of securities representing retained interests in transferred assets and, at times, servicing rights, and/or collateral management fees.and for commercial mortgage loans sold to Fannie Mae, the loss share guarantee. When determining whether to consolidate the VIE, the Company evaluates whether it is a primary beneficiary which has both (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic
performance of the VIE, and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses, or the right to receive benefits, that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
To determine whether a transfer should be accounted for as a sale or a secured borrowing, the Company evaluates whether: (i) the transferred assets are legally isolated, (ii) the transferee has the right to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (iii) the Company has relinquished effective control of the transferred assets. If all three conditions are met, then the transfer is accounted for as a sale.
Except as specifically noted herein, the Company is not required to provide additional financial support to any of the entities to which the Company has transferred financial assets, nor has the Company provided any support it was not otherwise obligated to provide. No events occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 20162017 that changed the Company’s previous conclusions regarding whether it is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs described herein. Furthermore, no events occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 20162017 that changed the Company’s sale conclusion with regards to previously transferred residential mortgage loans, indirect auto loans, student loans, or commercial and corporate loans.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Transfers of Financial Assets
The following discussion summarizes transfers of financial assets to VIEsentities for which the Company has retained some level of continuing involvement.
Residential Mortgage Loans
The Company typically transfers first lien residential mortgage loans in conjunction with Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac securitization transactions, whereby the loans are exchanged for cash or securities that are readily redeemable for cash, and servicing rights are retained.
The Company sold residential mortgage loans to Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac (collectively, "the Agencies"), which resulted in pre-tax net gains of $73 million and $152 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and pre-tax net gains of $131 million and $288 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. Net gains/losses on the sale of residential mortgage LHFS are recorded at inception of the associated IRLCs and $48 million and $171 millionreflect the change in value of the loans resulting from changes in interest rates from the time the Company enters into the related IRLCs with borrowers until the loans are sold, but do not include the results of hedging activities initiated by the Company to mitigate this market risk. See Note 13, "Derivative Financial Instruments," for further discussion of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively.Company's hedging activities. The Company has made certain representations and warranties with respect to the transfer of these loans. See Note 12, “Guarantees,” for additional information regarding representations and warranties.
In a limited number of securitizations, the Company has received securities in addition to cash in exchange for the transferred loans, while also retaining servicing rights. The securities received are measured at fair value and classified as securities AFS. At September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, the fair value of securities received totaled $32$24 million and $38$30 million, respectively.
The Company evaluates securitization entities in which it has a VI for potential consolidation under the VIE consolidation model. Notwithstanding the Company's role as servicer, the Company typically does not have power over the securitization entities as a result of rights held by the master servicer. In certain transactions, the Company does have power as the servicer, but does not have an obligation to absorb losses, or the right to receive benefits, that could potentially be significant. In all such cases, the Company does not consolidate the securitization entity. Total assets of the unconsolidated entities in which the Company has a VI were $211$161 million and $241$203 million at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.
The Company’s maximum exposure to loss related to these unconsolidated residential mortgage loan securitizations is comprised of the loss of value of any interests it retains, which was immaterial$24 million and $30 million at both September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively, and any repurchase obligations or other losses it incurs as a result of any guarantees related to these securitizations, which is discussed further in Note 12, “Guarantees.”

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Commercial and Corporate Loans
In connection with the Pillar acquisition completed in December 2016, the Company acquired licenses and approvals to originate and sell certain commercial mortgage loans to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, to originate FHA insured loans, and to issue and sell Ginnie Mae commercial MBS secured by FHA insured loans. The Company holds CLOs issued by securitization entitiestransferred commercial loans to these Agencies, which resulted in pre-tax net gains of $9 million and $33 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The loans are exchanged for cash or securities that own commercial leveraged loans and bonds, certain of which were transferred to the entities by the Company.are readily redeemable for cash, with servicing rights retained. The Company has determined that these entities are VIEsmade certain representations and that it is notwarranties with respect to the primary beneficiarytransfer of these entities because it does not possessloans and has entered into a loss share guarantee related to certain loans transferred to Fannie Mae. See Note 12, “Guarantees,” for additional information regarding the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the entities. Total assets at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, of unconsolidated entities in which the Company has a VI were $355 million and $525 million, respectively. Total liabilities at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, of unconsolidated entities in which the Company has a VI were $319 million and $482 million,
respectively. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company's holdings included an immaterial amount of preferencecommercial mortgage loan loss share exposure and senior debt exposure.guarantee.

Consumer Loans
Guaranteed Student Loans
The Company has securitized government-guaranteed student loans through a transfer of loans to a securitization entity and retained the residual interest in the entity. The Company concluded that this entity should be consolidated because the Company has (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses, and the right to receive benefits, that could potentially be significant. At September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets reflected $233$198 million and $262$225 million of assets held by the securitization entity and $230$195 million and $259$222 million of debt issued by the entity, respectively.respectively, inclusive of related accrued interest.
To the extent that the securitization entity incurs losses on its assets, the securitization entity has recourse to the guarantor of the underlying loan, which is backed by the Department of Education up to a maximum guarantee of 98%, or in the event of death, disability, or bankruptcy, 100%. When not fully guaranteed, losses reduce the amount of available cash payable
to the Company as the owner of the residual interest. To the extent that losses result from a breach of servicing responsibilities, the Company, which functions as the master servicer, may be required to repurchase the defaultingdefaulted loan(s) at par value. If the breach was caused by the subservicer, the Company would seek reimbursement from the subservicer up to the guaranteed amount. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss related to the securitization entity would arise from a breach of its servicing responsibilities. To date, loss claims filed with the guarantor that have been denied due to servicing errors have either been, or are in the process of, being cured, or reimbursement has been provided to the Company by the subservicer, or in limited cases, absorbed by the Company.

Indirect Auto Loans
In June 2015, the Company transferred indirect auto loans to a securitization entity, which was determined to be a VIE, and accounted for the transfer as a sale. The Company retained servicing rights for the transferred loans, but did not retain any debt or equity interest in the securitization entity. The fees received for servicing do not represent a VI and, therefore, the Company does not consolidate the securitization entity.
At the time of the transfer, the UPB of the transferred loans was $1.0 billion and the consideration received was $1.0 billion, resulting in an immaterial pre-tax loss for the year ended December 31, 2015, which was recorded in other noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 7, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," for additional information regarding the servicing asset recognized in this transaction.
To the extent that losses on the transferred loans are the result of a breach of representations and warranties related to either the initial transfer or the Company's ongoing servicing responsibilities, the Company may be obligated to either cure the breach or repurchase the affected loans. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss related to the loans transferred to the securitization entity would arise from a breach of representations

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



and warranties and/or a breach of the Company's servicing obligations. Potential losses suffered by the securitization entity that the Company may be liable for are limited to approximately
$578 $338 million, which isreflects the total remaining UPB of transferred loans and the carrying value of the servicing asset.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



The Company's total managed loans, including the LHFI portfolio and other securitizedtransferred loans (securitized and unsecuritized loans,unsecuritized), are presented in the following table by portfolio balance and delinquency status (accruing loans 90 days or more past due and all nonaccrual loans) at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, as well as the related net charge-offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20162017 and 2015.2016.
Portfolio Balance 1
 
Past Due and Nonaccrual 2
 Net Charge-offs Portfolio Balance Past Due and Nonaccrual Net Charge-offs 
September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30 
(Dollars in millions) 2016 2015 2016 2015  2017 2016 2017 2016 
LHFI portfolio:                                
Commercial
$77,229
 
$75,252
 
$523
 
$344
 
$71
 
$13
 
$183
 
$47
 
$76,960
 
$78,224
 
$314
 
$426
 
$22
 
$71
 
$90
 
$183
 
Residential39,398
 38,928
 756
 729
 21
 36
 80
 146
 38,730
 38,990
 677
 758
 15
 21
 51
 80
 
Consumer24,905
 22,262
 814
 580
 34
 22
 84
 65
 28,574
 26,084
 1,049
 949
 41
 34
 120
 84
 
Total LHFI portfolio141,532
 136,442
 2,093
 1,653
 126
 71
 347
 258
 144,264
 143,298
 2,040
 2,133
 78
 126
 261
 347
 
Managed securitized loans 3:
                
Managed securitized loans 1:
                
Commercial 2
5,385
 4,761
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential120,668
 116,990
 117
3 
126
3 
2
4 
4
4 
6
4 
10
4 
133,052
 126,641
 96
 114
 2
3 
2
3 
5
3 
6
3 
Consumer578
 807
 
 1
 1
 1
 2
 1
 337
 512
 
 1
 1
 1
 2
 2
 
Total managed securitized loans121,246
 117,797
 117
 127
 3
 5
 8
 11
 138,774
 131,914
 96
 115
 3
 3
 7
 8
 
Managed unsecuritized loans 5
3,269
 3,973
 501
 597
 
 
 
 
 
Managed unsecuritized loans 4
2,359
 2,985
 351
 438
 
 
 
 
 
Total managed loans
$266,047
 
$258,212
 
$2,711
 
$2,377
 
$129
 
$76
 
$355
 
$269
 
$285,397
 
$278,197
 
$2,487
 
$2,686
 
$81
 
$129
 
$268
 
$355
 
1 Excludes $3.8 billion and $1.8 billion of LHFS at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.
2 Excludes $2 million and $1 million of past due LHFS at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.
3 Excludes loans that have completed the foreclosure or short sale process (i.e., involuntary prepayments).
42 Comprised of commercial mortgages sold through Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Ginnie Mae securitizations, whereby servicing has been retained by the Company.
3 Net charge-offs are associated with $429$336 million and $501$410 million of managed securitized residential loans at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively. Net charge-off data is not reported to the Company for the remaining balance of $120.2$132.7 billion and $116.5$126.2 billion of managed securitized residential loans at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.
54 Comprised of unsecuritized residential loans the Company originated and sold to private investors with servicing rights retained. Net charge-offs on these loans are not presented in the table as the data is not reported to the Company by the private investors that own these related loans.


Other Variable Interest Entities
In addition to exposure to VIEs arising from transfers of financial assets, the Company also has involvement with VIEs from other business activities.
Total Return Swaps
At both September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, the outstanding notional amounts of the Company's VIE-facing TRS contracts totaled $2.2 billion. The Company'swere $2.5 billion and $2.1 billion, and related senior financing outstanding to VIEs was $2.2were $2.5 billion at both September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.$2.1 billion, respectively. These financings were measured at fair value and classified within trading assets and derivative instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and were measured at fair value.Sheets. The Company entered into client-facing TRS contracts of the same outstanding notional amounts. The notional amounts of the TRS contracts with VIEs represent the Company’s maximum exposure to loss, although this exposure has been mitigated via the TRS contracts with third party clients. For additional information on the Company’s TRS contracts and its involvement with these VIEs, see Note 13, “Derivative Financial Instruments,” in this Form 10-Q, as well as Note 10, "Certain Transfers of Financial Assets and Variable Interest Entities," to the Company's 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Community Development Investments
As part of its community reinvestment initiatives, the Company invests in multi-family affordable housing developments and other community development entities as a limited and/or general partner and/or a debt provider. The Company receives tax credits for its limited partner investments. The Company has determined that the vast majority of the related partnerships are VIEs.
In limited circumstances, the Company owns both the limited partner and general partner interests, in which case the related partnerships are not considered VIEs and are consolidated by the Company. These properties were held for sale at September 30, 2016 and were immaterial. There were no properties sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, properties with a carrying value of $72 million were sold for gains of $19 million. No properties were sold during the three months ended September 30, 2015.
The Company has concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of affordable housing partnerships when it invests as a limited partner and there is a third party general partner. The investments are accounted for in accordance with the accounting guidance for investments in affordable housing projects. The general partner, or an affiliate of the general partner, often provides guarantees to the limited partner, which protects the Company from construction and operating losses and tax credit

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



allocation deficits. Assets of $1.7$2.3 billion and $1.6$1.7 billion in these and other community development partnerships were not included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively. The Company's limited partner interests had carrying values of $804 million$1.0 billion and $672$780 million at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively, and are recorded in other assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss for these investments totaled $1.3 billion and $1.1 billion at both September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015.2016, respectively. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss would result from the loss of its limited partner investments, net of liabilities, along with $265$338 million and $268$306 million of loans, interest-rate swap fair value exposures, or letters of credit issued by the Company to the entities at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively. The remaining exposure to loss is primarily attributable to unfunded equity commitments that the Company is required to fund if certain conditions are met.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



The Company also owns noncontrolling interests in funds whose purpose is to invest in community developments. At September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, the Company's investment in these funds totaled $157$244 million and $132$200 million, respectively. The Company's maximum exposure to loss on its investment in these funds is comprised of its equity investments in the funds, loans issued, and any additional unfunded equity commitments, which totaled $503$604 million and $321$562 million at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recognized $27 million and $77 million of tax credits for qualified affordable housing projects, and $27 million and $76 million of amortization on these qualified affordable housing projects, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recognized $27 million and $65 million of tax credits for qualified affordable housing projects, and $23 million and $62
million of amortization on these qualified affordable housing projects, respectively. These tax credits and amortization, net of the related tax benefits, are recorded in the provision for income taxes, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company recognized $18 million and $46 million of tax credits for qualified affordable housing projects, and $17 million and $45 million of amortization on these qualified affordable housing projects in the provision for income taxes, respectively.taxes.
Certain of the Company's community development investments do not qualify as affordable housing projects for accounting purposes. The Company recognized tax credits for these investments of $25 million and $60 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, and $18 million and $46 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, in the provision for income taxes. DuringAmortization recognized on these investments totaled $19 million and $45 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company recognized $12 million2017, and $30 million of tax credits for these community development investments, respectively, in the provision for income taxes. Amortization recognized on these investments totaled $13 million and $33 million, and $8 million and $18 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Therespectively, recorded in amortization is classified within Amortization in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.



NOTE 9 – NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE
Equivalent shares of 8less than 1 million and 148 million related to common stock options and common stock warrants outstanding at September 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, respectively, were excluded from the computations of diluted net income per average common share because they would have been anti-dilutive. On April 1, 2016, the Company early adopted ASU 2016-09, which provides improvements to employee share-based payment accounting, with an effective date of January 1, 2016. The early adoption
 
favorably impacted both basic and diluted EPS by $0.02 per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," for additional information.
Reconciliations of net income to net income available to common shareholders and the difference between average basic common shares outstanding and average diluted common shares outstanding are presented in the following table.

Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)2016 2015 2016 20152017 2016 2017 2016
Net income
$474
 
$537
 
$1,413
 
$1,449

$538
 
$474
 
$1,533
 
$1,413
Preferred dividends(17) (16) (49) (48)
Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to unvested shares
 (2) (1) (5)
Less:       
Preferred stock dividends(26) (17) (65) (49)
Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to unvested common share awards
 
 
 (1)
Net income available to common shareholders
$457
 
$519
 
$1,363
 
$1,396

$512
 
$457
 
$1,468
 
$1,363
              
Average basic common shares496
 513
 501
 517
Effect of dilutive securities:       
Average basic common shares outstanding478
 496
 484
 501
Add dilutive securities:       
Stock options2
 2
 2
 2
1
 2
 1
 2
Restricted stock, RSUs, and warrants3
 4
 3
 4
Average diluted common shares501
 519
 506
 523
RSUs, warrants, and restricted stock5
 3
 4
 3
Average diluted common shares outstanding484
 501
 489
 506
              
Net income per average common share - diluted
$0.91
 
$1.00
 
$2.70
 
$2.67

$1.06
 
$0.91
 
$3.00
 
$2.70
Net income per average common share - basic0.92
 1.01
 2.72
 2.70
1.07
 0.92
 3.04
 2.72
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



NOTE 10 - INCOME TAXES
For the three months ended September 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, the provision for income taxes was $215$225 million and $187$215 million, representing effective tax rates of 31%29% and 26%31%, respectively. The effective tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were favorably impacted by net discrete income tax benefits of $3 million and $35 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, the provision for income taxes was $611$606 million and $579$611 million, representing effective tax rates of 30%28% and 29%30%, respectively. The effective tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 20162017 and 20152016 were favorably impacted by net discrete income tax benefits related primarily to share-based compensation of $13$26 million and $50$13 million, respectively.
 
The provision for income taxes includes both federal and state income taxes and differs from the provision using statutory rates due primarily due to favorable permanent tax items such as interest income from lending to tax exempttax-exempt entities, and federal tax credits from community reinvestment activities.activities, and amortization expense related to qualified affordable housing investment costs. The Company calculated the provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20162017 and 20152016 by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date pre-tax income and adjusting for discrete items that occurred during the period.



NOTE 11 - EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
The Company sponsors various short-term incentivecompensation and LTIbenefit programs to attract and retain talent. Aligned with a pay for performance culture, the Company's plans and programs for eligible employees, such as defined contribution, noncontributory pension, and other postretirement benefit plans, as well as the issuance of RSUs, restricted stock, performance stock units, andinclude short-term incentives, AIP, and various LTI cash.plans. See Note 15, “Employee
“Employee Benefit Plans,” to the Company's 20152016 Annual
Report on Form 10-K for furtheradditional information regarding the Company's employee benefit plans.
On April 1, 2016, the Company early adopted ASU 2016-09, which provides improvements to employee share-based payment accounting, with an effective date of January 1, 2016. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," for additional information.


Stock-based compensation expense recognized in noninterest expenseemployee compensation in the Consolidated Statements of Income consisted of the following:
 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2016 2015 2016 2015
Stock options
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$1
Restricted stock
 4
 2
 13
Performance stock units16
 5
 39
 21
RSUs13
 7
 44
 35
Total stock-based compensation
$29
 
$16
 
$85
 
$70
        
Stock-based compensation tax benefit
$11
 
$6
 
$32
 
$27
 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2017 2016 2017 2016
RSUs
$14
 
$13
 
$64
 
$44
Phantom stock units 1
17
 16
 57
 39
Restricted stock
 
 
 2
Total stock-based compensation expense
$31
 
$29
 
$121
 
$85
        
Stock-based compensation tax benefit 2

$12
 
$11
 
$46
 
$32
1 Phantom stock units are settled in cash.
2 Does not include excess tax benefits or deficiencies recognized in the Provision for income taxes in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Changes in the componentsComponents of net periodic benefit related to the Company's pension and other postretirement benefits plans are presented in the following table:table and are recognized in employee benefits in the Consolidated Statements of Income:
Pension Benefits 1
 Other Postretirement Benefits
Pension Benefits 1
 Other Postretirement Benefits
Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 20152017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
Service cost
$1
 
$2
 
$4
 
$4
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—

$1
 
$1
 
$4
 
$4
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
Interest cost24
 29
 73
 87
 
 1
 1
 2
24
 24
 71
 73
 
 
 1
 1
Expected return on plan assets(46) (52) (140) (155) (1) (2) (3) (4)(49) (46) (146) (140) (1) (1) (4) (3)
Amortization of prior service credit
 
 
 
 (1) (1) (4) (4)
 
 
 
 (1) (1) (4) (4)
Amortization of actuarial loss6
 5
 19
 16
 
 
 
 
6
 6
 18
 19
 
 
 
 
Net periodic benefit
($15) 
($16) 
($44) 
($48) 
($2) 
($2) 
($6) 
($6)
($18) 
($15) 
($53) 
($44) 
($2) 
($2) 
($7) 
($6)
1 Administrative fees are recognized in service cost for each of the periods presented.

In the second quarter of 2017, the Company amended its NCF Retirement Plan in accordance with its decision to terminate the pension plan effective as of July 31, 2017. The NCF pension plan termination is expected to be completed by the end of 2018 and
the Company is in process of evaluating the impact of the termination and expected future settlement accounting on its Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued




NOTE 12 – GUARANTEES
The Company has undertaken certain guarantee obligations in the ordinary course of business. The issuance of a guarantee imposes an obligation for the Company to stand ready to perform and make future payments should certain triggering events occur. Payments may be in the form of cash, financial instruments, other assets, shares of stock, or through provision of the Company’s services. The following is a discussion of the guarantees that the Company has issued at September 30, 2016.2017. The Company has also entered into certain contracts that are similar to guarantees, but that are accounted for as derivative instruments as discussed in Note 13, “Derivative Financial Instruments.”

Letters of Credit
Letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company, generally to guarantee the performance of a client to a third party in borrowing arrangements, such as CP, bond financing, or similar transactions. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to clients but may be reduced by selling participations to third parties. The Company issues letters of credit that are classified as financial standby, performance standby, or commercial letters of credit.credit; however, commercial letters of credit are considered guarantees of funding and are not subject to the disclosure requirements of guarantee obligations.
At both September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, the Company's maximum potential exposure forto loss related to the Company's issued financial and performance standby letters of credit was $2.8 billion and $2.9 billion, respectively.billion. The Company’s outstanding letters of credit generally have a term of more than one year. Some standby letters of credit are designed to be drawn upon in the normal course of business and others are drawn upon only in circumstances of dispute or default in the underlying transaction to which the Company is not a party. In all cases, the Company is entitled to reimbursement from the client. If a letter of credit is drawn upon and reimbursement is not provided by the client, the Company may take possession of the collateral securing the letter of credit, where applicable.
The Company monitors its credit exposure under standby letters of credit in the same manner as it monitors other extensions of credit in accordance with its credit policies. Consistent with the methodologies used for all commercial borrowers, an internal assessment of the PD and loss severity in the event of default is performed. The management of credit risk for letters of credit leverages the risk rating process to focus greater visibility on higher risk and/orand higher dollar letters of credit. The allowance for credit losses associated with letters of credit is a component of the unfunded commitments reserve recorded in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets
and is included in the allowance for credit losses as disclosed in Note 6, “Allowance for Credit Losses.” Additionally, unearned fees relating to letters of credit are recorded in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The net carrying amount of unearned fees was immaterial at both September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015.2016.

Loan Sales and Servicing
STM, a consolidated subsidiary of the Company, originates and purchases residential mortgage loans, a portion of which are sold to outside investors in the normal course of business through a combination of whole loan sales to GSEs, Ginnie Mae, and non-agencynon-
agency investors. Prior to 2008,In connection with the December 2016 acquisition of Pillar, the Company also soldoriginates and sells certain commercial mortgage loans through a limited number of Company-sponsored securitizations. to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, originates FHA insured loans, and issues and sells Ginnie Mae commercial MBS secured by FHA insured loans.
When mortgage loans are sold, representations and warranties regarding certain attributes of the loans are made to third party purchasers. Subsequent to the sale, if a material underwriting deficiency or documentation defect is discovered, STMthe Company may be obligated to repurchase the mortgage loan or to reimburse an investor for losses incurred (make whole requests), if such deficiency or defect cannot be cured by STMthe Company within the specified period following discovery. Additionally, breaches of underwriting and servicing representations and warranties can result in loan repurchases, as well as adversely affect the valuation of MSRs,servicing rights, servicing advances, or other mortgage loan-related exposures, such as OREO.exposures. These representations and warranties may extend through the life of the mortgage loan. STM’sThe Company’s risk of loss under its representations and warranties is partially driven by borrower payment performance since investors will perform extensive reviews of delinquent loans as a means of mitigating losses.
Non-agency loan sales include whole loan sales andResidential loans sold in private securitization transactions. While representations and warranties have been made related to these sales, they differ from those made in connection with loans sold to the GSEs in that non-agency loans may not be required to meet the same underwriting standards and non-agency investors may be required to demonstrate that an alleged breach is material and caused the investors' loss.
Loans sold to Ginnie Mae are insured by the FHA or are guaranteed by the VA. As servicer, the Company may elect to repurchase delinquent loans in accordance with Ginnie Mae guidelines,guidelines; however, the loans continue to be insured. The Company may also indemnify the FHA and VA for losses related to loans not originated in accordance with their guidelines.


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



The Company previously reached agreements in principle with Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae that relieve the Company of certain existing and future repurchase obligations related to residential loans sold from 2000-2008 to Freddie Mac and residential loans sold from 2000-2012 to Fannie Mae. RepurchaseThe Company experienced significantly fewer repurchase claims and losses related to loans sold since 2009, relative to pre-2009 vintages, as a result of stronger credit performance, more stringent credit guidelines, and underwriting process improvements.
Residential repurchase requests from GSEs, Ginnie Mae, and non-agency investors, for all vintages, are presented in the following table that summarizes demand activity.
Nine Months Ended September 30Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2016 20152017 2016
Pending repurchase requests, beginning of period
$17
 
$47

$14
 
$17
Repurchase requests received30
 58
29
 30
Repurchase requests resolved:      
Repurchased(15) (17)(11) (15)
Cured(23) (72)(23) (23)
Total resolved(38) (89)(34) (38)
Pending repurchase requests, end of period 1

$9
 
$16

$9
 
$9
      
Percent from non-agency investors:Percent from non-agency investors:  Percent from non-agency investors:  
Ending pending repurchase requests49.9% 6.0%
Pending repurchase requests, end of period1.5% 49.9%
Repurchase requests received% 0.6%3.3
 
1 Comprised of $4$9 million and $15$4 million from the GSEs, and $4less than $1 million and $1$4 million from non-agency investors at September 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, respectively.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



The repurchase and make whole requests received have been due primarily to alleged material breaches of representations related to compliance with the applicable underwriting standards, including borrower misrepresentation and appraisal issues. STMThe Company performs a loan-by-loan review of all requests and contests demands to the extent they are not considered valid.
The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s reserve for residential mortgage loan repurchases:
Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2016 2015 2016 20152017 2016 2017 2016
Balance, beginning of period
$51
 
$60
 
$57
 
$85

$40
 
$51
 
$40
 
$57
Repurchase benefit(3) (1) (9) (9)
Repurchase provision/(benefit)
 (3) 
 (9)
Charge-offs, net of recoveries
 
 
 (17)(1) 
 (1) 
Balance, end of period
$48
 
$59
 
$48
 
$59

$39
 
$48
 
$39
 
$48

A significant degree of judgment is used to estimate the mortgage repurchase liability as the estimation process is inherently uncertain and subject to imprecision. The Company believes that its reserve appropriately estimates incurred losses based on its current analysis and assumptions, inclusive of the Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae settlement agreements, GSE owned loans serviced by third party servicers, loans sold to private investors, and other indemnifications.
Notwithstanding the aforementioned agreements with Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae settling certain aspects of the Company's repurchase obligations, those institutions preserve their right to require repurchases arising from certain types of events, and that preservation of rights can impact future losses of the Company. While the mortgage repurchase reserve includes the
estimated cost of settling claims related to required repurchases, the Company's estimate of losses depends on its assumptions regarding GSE and other counterparty behavior, loan performance, home prices, and other factors. The related liability is recorded in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the related repurchase benefitprovision/(benefit) is recognized in mortgage production related income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 15, "Contingencies," for additional information on current legal matters related to loan sales.
The following table summarizes the carrying value of the Company's outstanding repurchased residential mortgage loans at:loans:
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Outstanding repurchased mortgage loans:  
Outstanding repurchased residential mortgage loans:Outstanding repurchased residential mortgage loans:  
Performing LHFI
$235
 
$255

$209
 
$230
Nonperforming LHFI11
 17
13
 12
Total carrying value of outstanding repurchased mortgage loans
$246
 
$272
Total carrying value of outstanding repurchased residential mortgages
$222
 
$242

In addition to representations and warranties related to loan sales, the Company makes representations and warranties that it will service the loans in accordance with investor servicing guidelines and standards, which may include (i) collection and remittance of principal and interest, (ii) administration of escrow for taxes and insurance, (iii) advancing principal, interest, taxes, insurance, and collection expenses on delinquent accounts, and
(iv) loss mitigation strategies, including loan modifications and (v) foreclosures.
The Company normally retains servicing rights when loans are transferred,transferred; however, servicing rights are occasionally sold to third parties. When MSRsservicing rights are sold, the Company makes representations and warranties related to servicing standards and obligations, and recognizesrecords a liability for contingent losses recorded in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. This liability, which is separate from the mortgage repurchase reserve forand separate from the commercial mortgage loan repurchases,loss share guarantee described below, totaled $8$3 million and $14$7 million at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.

Commercial Mortgage Loan Loss Share Guarantee
In connection with the December 2016 acquisition of Pillar, the Company assumed a loss share obligation associated with the terms of a master loss sharing agreement with Fannie Mae for multi-family commercial mortgage loans that were sold by Pillar to Fannie Mae under Fannie Mae’s delegated underwriting and servicing program. Upon the acquisition of Pillar, the Company entered into a lender contract amendment with Fannie Mae for multi-family commercial mortgage loans that Pillar sold to Fannie Mae prior to acquisition and that the Company sold to Fannie Mae subsequent to acquisition, whereby the Company bears a risk of loss of up to one-third of the incurred losses resulting from borrower defaults. The breach of any representation or warranty related to a loan sold to Fannie Mae could increase the Company's level of risk-sharing associated with the loan. The outstanding UPB of loans sold subject to the loss share guarantee was $3.3 billion and $2.9 billion at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The maximum potential exposure to loss was $924 million and $787 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Using probability of default and severity of loss estimates, the Company's loss share liability was $7 million and $6 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and is recorded in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Visa
The Company executes credit and debit transactions through Visa and MasterCard. The Company is a defendant, along with Visa and MasterCard (the “Card Associations”), as well as several other banks, in one of several antitrust lawsuits challenging the practices of the Card Associations (the “Litigation”). The Company entered into judgment and loss sharing agreements with Visa and certain other banks in order to apportion financial responsibilities arising from any potential adverse judgment or negotiated settlements related to the Litigation. Additionally, in connection with Visa's restructuring in 2007, shares of Visa common stock were issued to its financial institution members and the Company received its proportionate number of shares of Visa Inc. common stock, which were subsequently converted to Class B shares of Visa Inc. upon completion of Visa’s IPO in 2008. A provision of the original Visa By-Laws, which was restated in Visa's certificate of incorporation, contains a general indemnification provision between a Visa member and Visa that explicitly provides that each member's indemnification obligation is limited to losses

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



arising from its own conduct and the specifically defined Litigation. While the district court approved a class action settlement of the Litigation in 2012, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit reversed the district court's approval of the settlement on June 30, 2016. The parties await further actionU.S. Supreme Court denied plaintiffs' petition for certiorari on the appeal and/or a return ofMarch 27, 2017, and the case returned to the district court.court for further action.
Agreements associated with Visa's IPO have provisions that Visa will fund a litigation escrow account, established for the purpose of funding judgments in, or settlements of, the Litigation. If the escrow account is insufficient to cover the Litigation losses, then Visa will issue additional Class A shares (“loss shares”). The proceeds from the sale of the loss shares would then be deposited in the escrow account. The issuance of the loss shares will cause a dilution of Visa's Class B shares as a result of an adjustment to lower the conversion factor of the Class B shares to Class A shares. Visa U.S.A.'s members are responsible for any portion of the settlement or loss on the Litigation after the escrow account is depleted and the value of the Class B shares is fully diluted.
In May 2009, the Company sold its 3.2 million Class B shares to the Visa Counterparty and entered into a derivative with the Visa Counterparty. Under the derivative, the Visa
Counterparty is compensated by the Company for any decline in the conversion factor as a result of the outcome of the
Litigation. Conversely, the Company is compensated by the Visa Counterparty for any increase in the conversion factor. The amount of payments made or received under the derivative is a function of the 3.2 million shares sold to the Visa Counterparty, the change in conversion rate, and Visa’s share price. The Visa Counterparty, as a result of its ownership of the Class B shares, is impacted by dilutive adjustments to the conversion factor of the Class B shares caused by the Litigation losses. Additionally, the Company will make a quarterly paymentperiodic payments based on the notional of the derivative and a fixed rate until the date on which the Litigation is settled. The fair value of the derivative is estimated based on unobservable inputs consisting of management's estimate of the probability of certain litigation scenarios and the timing of the resolution of the Litigation due in large part to the aforementioned decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. The fair value of the derivative liability was $15 million and $6 million at both September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015, respectively.2016. The increase in fair value of the derivative liability was driven by changes in management's estimate of bothis estimated based on the probability of certain litigation scenarios as well as the timing ofCompany's expectations regarding the resolution of the Litigation. However, theThe ultimate impact to the Company could be significantly different based on the Litigation outcome.


NOTE 13 - DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company enters into various derivative financial instruments, both in a dealer capacity to facilitate client transactions and as an end user as a risk management tool. The ALCO monitors all derivative activities. When derivatives have been entered into with clients, the Company generally manages the risk associated with these derivatives within the framework of itsestablished MRM and credit risk management frameworks. Derivatives may be used by the Company to hedge various economic or client-related exposures. In such instances, derivative positions are typically monitored using a VAR methodology, that monitors total daily exposure and seeks to manage the exposure on an overall basis.with exposures reviewed daily. Derivatives are also used as a risk management tool to hedge the Company’s balance sheet exposure to changes in identified cash flow and fair value risks, either economically or in accordance with hedge accounting provisions. The Company’s Corporate Treasury function is responsible for employing the various hedge strategies to manage these objectives. Additionally, as a normal part of its operations, theThe Company enters into IRLCs on residential and commercial mortgage loans that are accounted for as freestanding derivatives and hasderivatives. Additionally, certain contracts containing embedded derivatives that are measured, in their entirety, at fair value. All derivatives, including both freestanding derivatives andas well as any embedded derivatives that the Company bifurcates from the host contracts, are measured at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in trading assets and derivative instruments and trading liabilities and derivative instruments. The associated gains and losses are either recognized in AOCI, net of tax, or within the Consolidated Statements of Income, depending upon the use and designation of the derivatives.

Credit and Market Risk Associated with Derivative Instruments
Derivatives expose the Company to counterparty credit risk ifthat the counterparty to the derivative contract does not perform as expected. The
Company manages its exposure to counterparty credit risk associated with derivatives by entering into transactions with counterparties with defined exposure limits based on their credit
quality and in accordance with established policies and procedures. All counterparties are reviewed regularly as part of the Company’s credit risk management practices and appropriate action is taken to adjust the exposure limits to certain counterparties as necessary. The Company’s derivative transactions may also beare generally governed by ISDA agreements or other legally enforceable industry standard master netting agreements. In certain cases and depending on the nature of the underlying derivative transactions, bilateral collateral agreements are also utilized. Furthermore, the Company and its subsidiaries are subject to OTC derivative clearing requirements, which require certain derivatives to be cleared through central clearinghouses.clearing houses, such as LCH.Clearnet Limited ("LCH") and the CME. These clearinghousesclearing houses require the Company to post initial and variation margin to mitigate the risk of non-payment, the latter of which is received or paid daily based on the net asset or liability position of the contracts. Effective January 3, 2017, the CME amended its rulebook to legally characterize variation margin cash payments for cleared OTC derivatives as settlement rather than as collateral. As a result, in the first quarter of 2017, the Company began reducing the corresponding derivative asset and liability balances for CME-cleared OTC derivatives to reflect the settlement of those positions via the exchange of variation margin. Variation margin payments for LCH-cleared OTC derivatives continue to be subject to collateral accounting and characterized by the Company as collateral.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



When the Company has more than one outstanding derivative transaction with a single counterparty, and there exists a legal right of offset with that counterparty, the Company considers its exposure to the counterparty to be the net fair value of its derivative positions with that counterparty. If the net fair value is positive, then the corresponding asset value also reflects cash collateral held. At September 30, 2016,2017, the economic exposure of these net derivative asset positions were $1.1 billion,was $636 million, reflecting $1.9 billion$974 million of net derivative gains, adjusted for cash and other collateral of $811$338 million that the Company held in relation to these positions. At December 31, 2015, reported2016, the economic exposure of net derivative assets were $896asset positions was $774 million, reflecting $1.4$1.1 billion of net derivative gains, adjusted for cash and other collateral held of $463$339 million.
Derivatives also expose the Company to market risk arising from the adverse effects that changes in market factors, such as interest rates, currency rates, equity prices, commodity prices,

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



or implied volatility, may have on the value of a derivative. The Company comprehensively manages this risk by establishing and monitoring limits on the types and degree of risk that may be undertaken. The Company measures its market risk exposure using a VAR methodology for derivatives designated as trading instruments. Other tools and risk measures are also used to actively manage risk associated with derivatives including scenario analysis and stress testing.
Derivative instruments are priced using observable market inputs at a mid-market valuation point and take into consideration appropriate valuation adjustments for collateral, market liquidity, and counterparty credit risk. For purposes of determining fair value adjustments to its OTC derivative positions, the Company takes into consideration the credit profile and likelihood of default by counterparties and itself, as well as its net exposure, which considers legally enforceable master netting agreements and collateral along with remaining maturities. The expected loss of each counterparty is estimated using market-based views of counterparty default probabilities observed in the single-name CDS market, when available and of sufficient liquidity. When single-name CDS market data is not available or not of sufficient liquidity, the probability of default is estimated using a combination of the Company's internal risk rating system and sector/rating based CDS data.
For purposes of estimating the Company’s own credit risk on derivative liability positions, the DVA, the Company uses probabilities of default from observable, sector/rating based CDS data. The Company adjusted the net fair value of its derivative contracts for estimates of counterparty credit risk by approximately $21 million and $4$6 million at both September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The increase in the net fair value adjustment during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was due primarily to the combination of an enhancement of the Company's CVA/DVA methodology in the second quarter of 2016 to further incorporate market-based views of counterparty default probabilities as well as a decline in interest rates which resulted in higher counterparty exposure profiles. The impact from the associated methodology enhancements was an $11 million increase in the net fair value adjustment during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The Company's approach for determining fair value adjustments of derivative instruments is subject to ongoing internal review and enhancement. This review includes consideration of whether to include a funding valuation adjustment in the fair value measurement of derivatives, which relates to the funding cost or benefit associated with collateralized derivative positions. For additional information on the Company's fair value measurements, see Note 14, "Fair Value Election and Measurement."
Currently, the majority of the Company’s derivatives contain contingencies that relate to the creditworthiness of the Bank. These contingencies, which are contained in industry standard master netting agreements, may be considered events of default. Should the Bank be in default under any of these
provisions, the Bank’s counterparties would be permitted to close
out transactions with the Bank on a net basis, at amounts that would approximate the fair values of the derivatives, resulting in a single sum due by one party to the other. The counterparties would have the right to apply any collateral posted by the Bank against any net amount owed by the Bank. Additionally, certain of the Company’s derivative liability positions, totaling $1.4$1.3 billion and $1.1 billion in fair value at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively, contain provisions conditioned on downgrades of the Bank’s credit rating. These provisions, if triggered, would either give rise to an ATE that permits the counterparties to close-out net and apply collateral or, where a CSA is present, require the Bank to post additional collateral. At September 30, 2016,2017, the Bank held senior long-term debt credit ratings of Baal/A-/A- from Moody’s, S&P, and Fitch, respectively. At September 30, 2016,2017, ATEs have been triggered for less than $1 million in fair value liabilities. The maximum additional liability that could be triggered from ATEs was approximately $13$16 million at September 30, 2016.2017. At September 30, 2016, $1.42017, $1.3 billion in fair value of derivative liabilities were subject to CSAs, against which the Bank has posted $1.4$1.2 billion in collateral, primarily in the form of cash. If requested by the counterparty pursuant to the terms of the CSA, the Bank would be required to post additional collateral of approximately $5$2 million against these contracts if the Bank were downgraded to Baa3/BBB-. Further downgrades to Ba1/BB+ or below do not contain predetermined collateral posting levels.

Notional and Fair Value of Derivative Positions
The following tables present the Company’s derivative positions at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015.2016. The notional amounts in the tables are presented on a gross basis and have been classified within derivative assets or derivative liabilities based on the estimated fair value of the individual contract at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015.2016. Gross positive and gross negative fair value amounts associated with respective notional amounts are presented without consideration of any netting agreements, including collateral arrangements. Net fair value derivative amounts are adjusted on an aggregate basis, where applicable, to take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements, including any cash collateral received or paid, and are recognized in trading assets and derivative instruments or trading liabilities and derivative instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For contracts constituting a combination of options that contain a written option and a purchased option (such as a collar), the notional amount of each option is presented separately, with the purchased notional amount generally being presented as a derivative asset and the written notional amount being presented as a derivative liability. For contracts that contain a combination of options, the fair value is generally presented as a single value with the purchased notional amount if the combined fair value is positive, and with the written notional amount if the combined fair value is negative.


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued




September 30, 2016September 30, 2017
Asset Derivatives Liability DerivativesAsset Derivatives Liability Derivatives
(Dollars in millions)
Notional
Amounts
 
Fair
Value
 
Notional
Amounts
 
Fair
Value
Notional
Amounts
 
Fair
Value
 
Notional
Amounts
 
Fair
Value
Derivative instruments designated in cash flow hedging relationships 1
              
Interest rate contracts hedging floating rate loans
$18,950
 
$359
 
$1,500
 
$3
Interest rate contracts hedging floating rate LHFI
$3,150
 
$3
 
$10,550
 
$187
       
Derivative instruments designated in fair value hedging relationships 2
              
Interest rate contracts hedging fixed rate debt2,480
 26
 1,600
 1
500
 
 5,420
 36
Interest rate contracts hedging brokered CDs60
 
 30
 
30
 
 30
 
Total2,540
 26
 1,630
 1
530
 
 5,450
 36
       
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments 3
              
Interest rate contracts hedging:              
MSRs 4
13,499
 812
 19,800
 516
Residential MSRs 4
23,954
 145
 15,062
 128
LHFS, IRLCs 5
4,620
 12
 7,015
 32
5,628
 13
 4,218
 13
LHFI15
 2
 40
 4
90
 2
 85
 2
Trading activity 6
66,678
 2,600
 66,930
 2,412
73,673
 1,126
 57,454
 1,014
Foreign exchange rate contracts hedging trading activity3,603
 102
 3,440
 83
3,668
 126
 3,468
 112
Credit contracts hedging:              
Loans15
 
 635
 9
LHFI
 
 620
 8
Trading activity 7
2,334
 28
 2,472
 26
2,517
 17
 2,534
 13
Equity contracts hedging trading activity 6
19,841
 2,059
 29,182
 2,464
16,512
 2,315
 28,295
 2,836
Other contracts:              
IRLCs and other 8
4,884
 79
 277
 15
1,786
 26
 820
 22
Commodities629
 59
 626
 56
Commodity derivatives756
 39
 744
 37
Total116,118
 5,753
 130,417
 5,617
128,584
 3,809
 113,300
 4,185
Total derivative instruments
$137,608
 
$6,138
 
$133,547
 
$5,621

$132,264
 
$3,812
 
$129,300
 
$4,408
              
Total gross derivative instruments, before netting  
$6,138
   
$5,621
  
$3,812
   
$4,408
Less: Legally enforceable master netting agreements  (3,932)   (3,932)  (2,611)   (2,611)
Less: Cash collateral received/paid  (675)   (1,377)  (303)   (1,420)
Total derivative instruments, after netting  
$1,531
   
$312
  
$898
   
$377
1 See “Cash Flow Hedges” in this Note for further discussion.
2 See “Fair Value Hedges” in this Note for further discussion.
3 See “Economic Hedging and Trading Activities” in this Note for further discussion.
4 Amount includes $7.3$13.3 billion of notional amounts related to interest rate futures. These futures contracts settle in cash daily, one day in arrears. The derivative asset or liability associated with the one day lag is included in the fair value column of this table.
5 Amount includes $946$497 million of notional amounts related to interest rate futures. These futures contracts settle in cash daily, one day in arrears. The derivative asset or liability associated with the one day lag is included in the fair value column of this table.
6 Amounts include $11.4$10.1 billion of notional amounts related to interest rate futures and $954$180 million of notional amounts related to equity futures. These futures contracts settle in cash daily, one day in arrears. The derivative asset or liability associated with the one day lag is included in the fair value column of this table. Amounts also include notional amounts related to interest rate swaps hedging fixed rate debt.
7 Asset and liability amounts include $6$5 million and $8$11 million, respectively, of notional amounts from purchased and written credit risk participation agreements, whose notional is calculated as the notional of the derivative participated adjusted by the relevant RWA conversion factor.
8 Includes $49 million notional amount that is based on the 3.2 million of Visa Class B shares, the conversion ratio from Class B shares to Class A shares, and the Class A share price at the derivative inception date of May 28, 2009. This derivative was established upon the sale of Class B shares in the second quarter of 2009. See Note 12, “Guarantees” for additional information.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued




December 31, 2015December 31, 2016
Asset Derivatives Liability DerivativesAsset Derivatives Liability Derivatives
(Dollars in millions)
Notional
Amounts
 
Fair
Value
 
Notional
Amounts
 
Fair
Value
Notional
Amounts
 
Fair
Value
 
Notional
Amounts
 
Fair
Value
Derivative instruments designated in cash flow hedging relationships 1
              
Interest rate contracts hedging floating rate loans
$14,500
 
$130
 
$2,900
 
$11
Interest rate contracts hedging floating rate LHFI
$6,400
 
$34
 
$11,050
 
$265
       
Derivative instruments designated in fair value hedging relationships 2
              
Interest rate contracts hedging fixed rate debt1,700
 14
 600
 
600
 2
 4,510
 81
Interest rate contracts hedging brokered CDs60
 
 30
 
60
 
 30
 
Total1,760
 14
 630
 
660
 2
 4,540
 81
       
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments 3
              
Interest rate contracts hedging:              
MSRs 4
7,782
 198
 16,882
 98
Residential MSRs 4
12,165
 413
 18,774
 335
LHFS, IRLCs 5
4,309
 10
 2,520
 5
11,774
 134
 8,306
 58
LHFI15
 
 40
 1
100
 2
 36
 1
Trading activity 6
67,164
 1,983
 66,854
 1,796
70,599
 1,536
 67,477
 1,401
Foreign exchange rate contracts hedging trading activity3,648
 127
 3,227
 122
3,231
 161
 3,360
 148
Credit contracts hedging:              
Loans
 
 175
 2
LHFI15
 
 620
 8
Trading activity 7
2,232
 57
 2,385
 54
2,128
 34
 2,271
 33
Equity contracts hedging trading activity 6
19,138
 1,812
 27,154
 2,222
17,225
 2,095
 28,658
 2,477
Other contracts:              
IRLCs and other 8
2,024
 21
 299
 6
2,412
 28
 668
 22
Commodities453
 113
 448
 111
Commodity derivatives747
 75
 746
 73
Total106,765
 4,321
 119,984
 4,417
120,396
 4,478
 130,916
 4,556
Total derivative instruments
$123,025
 
$4,465
 
$123,514
 
$4,428

$127,456
 
$4,514
 
$146,506
 
$4,902
              
Total gross derivative instruments, before netting  
$4,465
   
$4,428
  
$4,514
   
$4,902
Less: Legally enforceable master netting agreements  (2,916)   (2,916)  (3,239)   (3,239)
Less: Cash collateral received/paid  (397)   (1,048)  (291)   (1,265)
Total derivative instruments, after netting  
$1,152
   
$464
  
$984
   
$398
1 See “Cash Flow Hedges” in this Note for further discussion.
2 See “Fair Value Hedges” in this Note for further discussion.
3 See “Economic Hedging and Trading Activities” in this Note for further discussion.
4 Amount includes $9.1$6.7 billion of notional amounts related to interest rate futures. These futures contracts settle in cash daily, one day in arrears. The derivative asset or liability associated with the one day lag is included in the fair value column of this table.
5 Amount includes $518$720 million of notional amounts related to interest rate futures. These futures contracts settle in cash daily, one day in arrears. The derivative asset or liability associated with the one day lag is included in the fair value column of this table.
6 Amounts include $12.6$12.3 billion of notional amounts related to interest rate futures and $329$629 million of notional amounts related to equity futures. These futures contracts settle in cash daily, one day in arrears. The derivative asset or liability associated with the one day lag is included in the fair value column of this table. Amounts also include notional amounts related to interest rate swaps hedging fixed rate debt.
7 Asset and liability amounts include $6$5 million and $9$13 million, respectively, of notional amounts from purchased and written credit risk participation agreements, whose notional is calculated as the notional of the derivative participated adjusted by the relevant RWA conversion factor.
8 Includes $49 million notional amount that is based on the 3.2 million of Visa Class B shares, the conversion ratio from Class B shares to Class A shares, and the Class A share price at the derivative inception date of May 28, 2009. This derivative was established upon the sale of Class B shares in the second quarter of 2009. See Note 12, “Guarantees” for additional information.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued




Impact of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Shareholders’ Equity
The impacts of derivative instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Income and the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are presented in the following tables. The impacts are segregated between derivatives that are designated in hedge accounting relationships and those that are used for economic
 
used for economic hedging or trading purposes, with further identification of the underlying risks in the derivatives and the hedged items, where appropriate. The tables do not disclose the financial impact of the activities that these derivative instruments are intended to hedge.


Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Classification of Pre-tax Gain Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
(Dollars in millions)
Amount of 
Pre-tax Loss
Recognized
in OCI on Derivatives
(Effective Portion)
 
Amount of
Pre-tax Gain
Reclassified from
AOCI into Income
(Effective Portion)
 
Amount of 
Pre-tax Gain
Recognized
in OCI on Derivatives
(Effective Portion)
 
Amount of
Pre-tax Gain
Reclassified from
AOCI into Income
(Effective Portion)
 
Classification of Pre-tax Gain/(Loss)
Reclassified from AOCI into Income
(Effective Portion)
Amount of 
Pre-tax Gain
Recognized
in OCI on Derivatives (Effective Portion)
 
Amount of
Pre-tax Gain Reclassified from
AOCI into Income
(Effective Portion)
 
Amount of 
Pre-tax Gain
Recognized
in OCI on Derivatives (Effective Portion)
 
Amount of
Pre-tax Gain Reclassified from
AOCI into Income
(Effective Portion)
 
Derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships:Derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships:       Derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships:       
Interest rate contracts hedging
floating rate loans 1

($78) 
$36
 
$408
 
$113
 Interest and fees on loans
Interest rate contracts hedging floating rate LHFI 1

$10
 
$3
 
$61
 
$37
 Interest and fees on loans
1 During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company also reclassified $10 million and $44 million of pre-tax gains from AOCI into net interest income, respectively. These gains related to hedging relationships that have been terminated and are reclassified into earnings consistent with the pattern of net cash flows expected to be recognized.

 Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
(Dollars in millions)
Amount of Loss on Derivatives
Recognized
in Income
 
Amount of Gain
on Related Hedged Items
Recognized
in Income
 
Amount of Gain/(Loss)
Recognized
in Income
on Hedges
(Ineffective Portion)
 
Amount of Gain on Derivatives
Recognized
in Income
 
Amount of Loss
on Related Hedged Items
Recognized
in Income
 
Amount of Gain
Recognized
in Income
on Hedges
(Ineffective Portion)
Derivative instruments in fair value hedging relationships:      
Interest rate contracts hedging fixed rate debt 1

($3) 
$3
 
$—
 
$5
 
($4) 
$1
Interest rate contracts hedging brokered CDs 1

 
 
 
 
 
Total
($3) 
$3
 
$—
 
$5
 
($4) 
$1
1 Amounts are recognized in trading income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

(Dollars in millions)
Classification of Gain/(Loss)
Recognized in Income on Derivatives
 
Amount of Gain/(Loss)
Recognized in Income
on Derivatives During
the Three Months Ended
September 30, 2017
 
Amount of Gain/(Loss)
Recognized in Income
on Derivatives During
the Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2017
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:    
Interest rate contracts hedging:     
Residential MSRsMortgage servicing related income 
$14
 
$34
LHFS, IRLCsMortgage production related income (20) (57)
LHFIOther noninterest income 
 (1)
Trading activityTrading income 11
 33
Foreign exchange rate contracts hedging trading activityTrading income (10) (43)
Credit contracts hedging:     
LHFIOther noninterest income (1) (3)
Trading activityTrading income 8
 19
Equity contracts hedging trading activityTrading income (1) (1)
Other contracts:     
IRLCs and other
Mortgage production related income,
Commercial real estate related income
 49
 154
Commodity derivativesTrading income 
 1
Total  
$50
 
$136
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued





 Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 Classification of Pre-tax Gain Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
(Dollars in millions)Amount of 
Pre-tax Loss
Recognized
in OCI on Derivatives (Effective Portion)
 Amount of
Pre-tax Gain
Reclassified from
AOCI into Income
(Effective Portion)
 Amount of 
Pre-tax Gain
Recognized
in OCI on Derivatives (Effective Portion)
 Amount of
Pre-tax Gain
Reclassified from
AOCI into Income
(Effective Portion)
 
Derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships:    
   
Interest rate contracts hedging floating rate LHFI 1

($78) 
$36
 
$408
 
$113
 Interest and fees on loans
1 During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company also reclassified $23 million and $77 million of pre-tax gains from AOCI into net interest income.income, respectively. These gains related to hedging relationships that have been terminated or de-designated and are reclassified into earnings consistent with the pattern of net cash flows expected to be recognized.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
(Dollars in millions)Amount of Loss on Derivatives
Recognized in Income
 
Amount of Gain
on Related Hedged Items
Recognized in Income
 
Amount of Gain
Recognized in Income
on Hedges
(Ineffective Portion)
 Amount of Gain on Derivatives
Recognized in Income
 
Amount of Loss
on Related Hedged Items
Recognized in Income
 
Amount of Gain
Recognized in Income
on Hedges
(Ineffective Portion)
Amount of Loss on Derivatives
Recognized
in Income
 Amount of Gain on Related Hedged Items
Recognized
in Income
 Amount of Gain
Recognized
in Income
on Hedges
(Ineffective Portion)
 Amount of Gain on Derivatives
Recognized
in Income
 Amount of Loss on Related Hedged Items
Recognized
in Income
 Amount of Gain
Recognized
in Income
on Hedges
(Ineffective Portion)
Derivative instruments in fair value hedging relationships:Derivative instruments in fair value hedging relationships:      Derivative instruments in fair value hedging relationships:      
Interest rate contracts hedging fixed rate debt 1

($10) 
$11
 
$1
 
$20
 
($19) 
$1

($10) 
$11
 
$1
 
$20
 
($19) 
$1
Interest rate contracts hedging brokered CDs 1

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
Total
($10) 
$11
 
$1
 
$20
 
($19) 
$1

($10) 
$11
 
$1
 
$20
 
($19) 
$1
1 Amounts are recognized in trading income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

(Dollars in millions)
Classification of Gain/(Loss)
Recognized in Income on Derivatives
 Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives During the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives During the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:    
Interest rate contracts hedging:     
MSRsMortgage servicing related income 
$15
 
$306
LHFS, IRLCsMortgage production related income (35) (162)
LHFIOther noninterest income 
 (3)
Trading activityTrading income 11
 24
Foreign exchange rate contracts hedging trading activityTrading income 36
 52
Credit contracts hedging:     
LoansOther noninterest income (1) (3)
Trading activityTrading income 5
 14
Equity contracts hedging trading activityTrading income 1
 5
Other contracts:     
IRLCsMortgage production related income 122
 291
CommoditiesTrading income 1
 2
Total  
$155
 
$526
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued





 Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015  
(Dollars in millions)Amount of 
Pre-tax Gain
Recognized
in OCI on Derivatives
(Effective Portion)
 
Amount of
Pre-tax Gain
Reclassified from
AOCI into Income
(Effective Portion)
 
Amount of 
Pre-tax Gain
Recognized
in OCI on Derivatives
(Effective Portion)
 
Amount of
Pre-tax Gain
Reclassified from
AOCI into Income
(Effective Portion)
 Classification of Pre-tax Gain
Reclassified from AOCI into Income
(Effective Portion)
Derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships:        
Interest rate contracts hedging floating rate loans 1

$204
 
$47
 
$338
 
$126
 Interest and fees on loans
1 During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company also reclassified $23 million and $61 million, respectively, of pre-tax gains from AOCI into net interest income. These gains related to hedging relationships that have been terminated or de-designated and are reclassified into earnings consistent with the pattern of net cash flows expected to be recognized.

 Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
(Dollars in millions)Amount of Gain/(Loss) on Derivatives
Recognized in Income
 
Amount of Loss
on Related Hedged Items
Recognized in Income
 
Amount of Loss
Recognized in Income
on Hedges
(Ineffective Portion)
 Amount of Gain on Derivatives
Recognized in Income
 Amount of Loss
on Related Hedged Items
Recognized in Income
 Amount of Loss
Recognized in Income
on Hedges
(Ineffective Portion)
Derivative instruments in fair value hedging relationships:      
Interest rate contracts hedging fixed rate debt 1

$—
 
($1) 
($1) 
$7
 
($8) 
($1)
Interest rate contracts hedging brokered CDs 1

 
 
 
 
 
Total
$—
 
($1) 
($1) 
$7
 
($8) 
($1)
1 Amounts are recognized in trading income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.


(Dollars in millions)
Classification of Gain/(Loss)
Recognized in Income on Derivatives
 Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives During the Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives During the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
Classification of Gain/(Loss)
Recognized in Income on Derivatives
 
Amount of Gain/(Loss)
Recognized in Income
on Derivatives During
the Three Months Ended
September 30, 2016
 
Amount of Gain/(Loss)
Recognized in Income
on Derivatives During
the Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2016
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:    Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:    
Interest rate contracts hedging:        
MSRsMortgage servicing related income 
$298
 
$223
Residential MSRsMortgage servicing related income 
$15
 
$306
LHFS, IRLCsMortgage production related income (69) (60)Mortgage production related income (35) (162)
LHFIOther noninterest income (2) (2)Other noninterest income 
 (3)
Trading activityTrading income 5
 46
Trading income 11
 24
Foreign exchange rate contracts hedging trading activityTrading income 21
 57
Trading income 36
 52
Credit contracts hedging: 
 
    
LoansOther noninterest income 
 (1)
LHFIOther noninterest income (1) (3)
Trading activityTrading income 6
 19
Trading income 5
 14
Equity contracts hedging trading activityTrading income 
 3
Trading income 1
 5
Other contracts: 
 
 
 
IRLCsMortgage production related income 58
 151
Mortgage production related income 122
 291
CommoditiesTrading income 1
 2
Commodity derivativesTrading income 1
 2
Total 
$318
 
$438
 
$155
 
$526

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Netting of Derivative Instruments
The Company has various financial assets and financial liabilities that are subject to enforceable master netting agreements or similar agreements. The Company's securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell, and securities sold under agreements to repurchase, that are subject to enforceable master netting agreements or similar agreements, are discussed in Note 2, "Federal Funds Sold and Securities Financing Activities." The Company enters into ISDA or other legally enforceable industry standard master netting agreements with derivative counterparties. Under the terms of the master netting agreements, all transactions between the Company and the counterparty constitute a single business relationship such that in the event of default, the nondefaulting party is entitled to set off claims and apply property held by that party in respect of any transaction against obligations owed. Any payments, deliveries, or other transfers may be applied against each other and netted.
 
The following tables present total gross derivative instrument assets and liabilities at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, which are adjusted to reflect the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral received or paid when calculating the net amount reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Also included in the tables are financial instrument collateral related to legally enforceable master netting agreements that represents securities collateral received or pledged and customer cash collateral held at third party custodians. These amounts are not offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets but are shown as a reduction to total derivative instrument assets and liabilities to derive net derivative assets and liabilities. These amounts are limited to the derivative asset/liability balance, and accordingly, do not include excess collateral received/pledged.

(Dollars in millions)
Gross
Amount
 
Amount
Offset
 
Net Amount
Presented in
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
 
Held/Pledged
Financial
Instruments
 
Net
Amount
Gross
Amount
 
Amount
Offset
 
Net Amount
Presented in
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
 
Held/Pledged
Financial
Instruments
 
Net
Amount
September 30, 2016         
September 30, 2017         
Derivative instrument assets:                  
Derivatives subject to master netting arrangement or similar arrangement
$5,703
 
$4,456
 
$1,247
 
$136
 
$1,111

$3,436
 
$2,768
 
$668
 
$35
 
$633
Derivatives not subject to master netting arrangement or similar arrangement79
 
 79
 
 79
26
 
 26
 
 26
Exchange traded derivatives356
 151
 205
 
 205
350
 146
 204
 
 204
Total derivative instrument assets
$6,138
 
$4,607
 
$1,531
1 

$136
 
$1,395

$3,812
 
$2,914
 
$898
1 

$35
 
$863
                  
Derivative instrument liabilities:                  
Derivatives subject to master netting arrangement or similar arrangement
$5,369
 
$5,158
 
$211
 
$33
 
$178

$4,146
 
$3,885
 
$261
 
$54
 
$207
Derivatives not subject to master netting arrangement or similar arrangement101
 
 101
 
 101
115
 
 115
 
 115
Exchange traded derivatives151
 151
 
 
 
147
 146
 1
 
 1
Total derivative instrument liabilities
$5,621
 
$5,309
 
$312
2 

$33
 
$279

$4,408
 
$4,031
 
$377
2 

$54
 
$323
                  
December 31, 2015         
December 31, 2016         
Derivative instrument assets:                  
Derivatives subject to master netting arrangement or similar arrangement
$4,184
 
$3,156
 
$1,028
 
$66
 
$962

$4,193
 
$3,384
 
$809
 
$48
 
$761
Derivatives not subject to master netting arrangement or similar arrangement21
 
 21
 
 21
27
 
 27
 
 27
Exchange traded derivatives260
 157
 103
 
 103
294
 146
 148
 
 148
Total derivative instrument assets
$4,465
 
$3,313
 
$1,152
1 

$66
 
$1,086

$4,514
 
$3,530
 
$984
1 

$48
 
$936
                  
Derivative instrument liabilities:                  
Derivatives subject to master netting arrangement or similar arrangement
$4,162
 
$3,807
 
$355
 
$19
 
$336

$4,649
 
$4,358
 
$291
 
$33
 
$258
Derivatives not subject to master netting arrangement or similar arrangement105
 
 105
 
 105
105
 
 105
 
 105
Exchange traded derivatives161
 157
 4
 
 4
148
 146
 2
 
 2
Total derivative instrument liabilities
$4,428
 
$3,964
 
$464
2 

$19
 
$445

$4,902
 
$4,504
 
$398
2 

$33
 
$365
1 At September 30, 2016, $1.5 billion,2017, $898 million, net of $675$303 million offsetting cash collateral, is recognized in trading assets and derivative instruments within the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2015, $1.2 billion,2016, $984 million, net of $397$291 million offsetting cash collateral, is recognized in trading assets and derivative instruments within the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.
2 At September 30, 2016, $3122017, $377 million, net of $1.4 billion offsetting cash collateral, is recognized in trading liabilities and derivative instruments within the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2015, $4642016, $398 million, net of $1.0$1.3 billion offsetting cash collateral, is recognized in trading liabilities and derivative instruments within the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Credit Derivative Instruments
As part of the Company's trading businesses, the Company enters into contracts that are, in form or substance, written guarantees; specifically, CDS, risk participations, and TRS. The Company accounts for these contracts as derivatives, and accordingly, records these contracts at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in trading income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The Company periodically writes CDS, which are agreements under which the Company receives premium payments from its counterparty for protection against an event of default of a reference asset. In the event of default under the CDS, the Company would either settle its obligation net in cash or make a cash payment to its counterparty and take delivery of the defaulted reference asset, from which the Company may recover all, a portion, or none of the credit loss, depending on the performance of the reference asset. Events of default, as defined in the CDS agreements, are generally triggered upon the failure to pay and similar events related to the issuer(s) of the reference asset. When the Company has written CDS, all written CDS contracts reference single name corporate credits or corporate credit indices. The Company generally enters into offsetting purchased CDS for the underlying reference asset, under which the Company pays a premium to its counterparty for protection against an event of default on the reference asset. The counterparties to these purchased CDS are generally of high creditworthiness and typically have ISDA master netting agreements in place that subject the CDS to master netting provisions, thereby mitigating the risk of non-payment to the Company. As such, at September 30, 2016, the Company did not have any material risk of making a non-recoverable payment on any written CDS. During 2016 and 2015, the only instances of default on written CDS were driven by credit indices with constituent credit default. In all cases where the Company made resulting cash payments to settle, the Company collected like amounts from the counterparties to the offsetting purchased CDS.
At September 30, 2016, written CDS had remaining terms of four years. There were no written CDS at2017 and December 31, 2015. The fair value of written CDS was $3 million at September 30, 2016. The maximum guarantees outstanding at September 30, 2016, as measured by the gross notional amount of written CDS, was $170 million, which represents risk reduction trades offsetting purchased CDS positions. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the gross notional amounts of purchased CDS contracts designated as trading instruments were $305was $10 million and $150$135 million, respectively. The fair valuesvalue of purchased CDS were $5 million and $1 millionwas immaterial at September 30, 20162017 and $3 million at December 31, 2015, respectively.2016.
The Company has also entered into TRS contracts on loans. The Company’s TRS business consists of matched trades, such that when the Company pays depreciation on one TRS, it receives the same amount on the matched TRS. To mitigate its credit risk, the Company typically receives initial cash collateral from the counterparty upon entering into the TRS and is entitled to additional collateral if the fair value of the underlying reference assets deteriorates. There were $2.2$2.5 billion and $2.1 billion of outstanding TRS notional balances at both September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015.2016, respectively. The fair values of these TRS assets and liabilities at September 30, 20162017 were $25$17 million and $21$13 million,
respectively, and related collateral held at September 30, 20162017 was $474$552 million. The fair values of the TRS assets and liabilities at December 31, 20152016 were $57$34 million and $52$31 million, respectively, and related collateral held at December 31, 20152016 was $492$450 million. For additional information on the Company's TRS contracts, see Note 8, "Certain Transfers of Financial Assets and Variable Interest Entities," as well as Note 14, "Fair Value Election and Measurement."
The Company writes risk participations, which are credit derivatives, whereby the Company has guaranteed payment to a dealer counterparty in the event the counterparty experiences a loss on a derivative, such as an interest rate swap, due to a failure to pay by the counterparty’s customer (the “obligor”) on that derivative. The Company manages its payment risk on its risk participations by monitoring the creditworthiness of the obligors, which are all corporations or partnerships, through the normal credit review process that the Company would have performed had it entered into a derivative directly with the obligors. To date, no material losses have been incurred related to the Company’s written risk participations. At September 30, 2016, the remaining terms on these risk participations generally ranged from zero to 31 years, with a weighted average term on the maximum estimated exposure of 9.0 years. At December 31, 2015,2017, the remaining terms on these risk participations generally ranged from less than one year to eightnine years, with a weighted average term on the maximum estimated exposure of 5.6 years. At December 31, 2016, the remaining terms on these risk participations generally ranged from less than one year to thirty-one years, with a weighted average term on the maximum estimated exposure of 8.5 years. The Company’s maximum estimated exposure to written risk participations, as measured by projecting a maximum value of the guaranteed derivative instruments based on interest rate curve simulations and assuming 100% default by all obligors on the maximum values, was approximately $78$60 million and $55$95 million at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively. The fair values of the written risk participations were immaterial at both September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015. The Company may enter into purchased risk participations to mitigate this written credit risk exposure to a derivative counterparty.2016.

Cash Flow Hedging Instruments
The Company utilizes a comprehensive risk management strategy to monitor sensitivity of earnings to movements in interest rates. Specific types of funding and principal amounts hedged are determined based on prevailing market conditions and the shape of the yield curve. In conjunction with this strategy, the Company may employ various interest rate derivatives as risk management tools to hedge interest rate risk from recognized assets and liabilities or from forecasted transactions. The terms and notional amounts of derivatives are determined based on management’s assessment of future interest rates, as well as other factors.
Interest rate swaps have been designated as hedging the exposure to the benchmark interest rate risk associated with floating rate loans. At September 30, 2017, the maturities for hedges of floating rate loans ranged from less than one year to five years, with the weighted average being 3.8 years. At December 31, 2016, the maturities for hedges of floating rate loans ranged from less than one year to six years, with the weighted average being 4.0 years. At December 31, 2015, the maturities for hedges of floating rate loans ranged from less than one year to seven years, with the weighted average being 3.34.1 years. These hedges have been highly effective in offsetting the designated risks, yielding an immaterial amount of ineffectiveness for the three and nine

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



months ended September 30, 20162017 and 2015.2016. At September 30, 2016, $2002017, $28 million of deferred net pre-tax gains on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges on floating rate loans recognized in AOCI are expected to be reclassified into net interest income during the next twelve months. The amount to be reclassified into income incorporates the impact from both active and terminated or de-designated cash flow hedges, including the net interest income earned on the active hedges, assuming no changes in LIBOR. The Company may choose to terminate or de-designate a hedging relationship due to a change in the risk management objective for that specific hedge item, which may arise in conjunction with an overall balance sheet management strategy.
Fair Value Hedging Instruments
The Company enters into interest rate swap agreements as part of the Company’s risk management objectives for hedging its exposure to changes in fair value due to changes in interest rates. These hedging arrangements convert certain fixed rate long-term debt and CDs to floating rates. Consistent with this objective, the Company reflects the accrued contractual interest on the hedged item and the related swaps as part of current period interest expense. There were no components of derivative gains or losses excluded in the Company’s assessment of hedge effectiveness related to the fair value hedges.
Economic Hedging Instruments and Trading Activities
In addition to designated hedge accounting relationships, the Company also enters into derivatives as an end user to economically hedge risks associated with certain non-derivative and derivative instruments, along with entering into derivatives in a trading capacity with its clients.
The primary risks that the Company economically hedges are interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk, and credit risk. The
Company mitigates these risks by entering into offsetting derivatives either on an individual basis or collectively on a macro basis.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



The Company utilizes interest rate derivatives as economic hedges related to:
Residential MSRs. The Company hedges these instruments with a combination of interest rate derivatives, including forward and option contracts, futures, and forward rate agreements.
Residential mortgage IRLCs and mortgage LHFS. The Company hedges these instruments using forward and option contracts, futures, and forward rate agreements.
The Company is exposed to volatility and changes in foreign exchange rates associated with certain commercial loans. To hedge against this foreign exchange rate risk, the Company enters into foreign exchange rate contracts that provide for the future
receipt and delivery of foreign currency at previously agreed-upon terms.
The Company enters into CDS to hedge credit risk associated with certain loans held within its Wholesale Banking segment. The Company accounts for these contracts as derivatives, and accordingly, recognizes these contracts at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in other noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Trading activity primarily includes interest rate swaps, equity derivatives, CDS, futures, options, foreign currencyexchange rate contracts, and commodities.commodity derivatives. These derivatives are entered into in a dealer capacity to facilitate client transactions, or are utilized as a risk management tool by the Company as an end user (predominantly in certain macro-hedging strategies). The macro-hedging strategies are focused on managing the Company’s overall interest rate risk exposure that is not otherwise hedged by derivatives or in connection with specific hedges.


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued




NOTE 14 - FAIR VALUE ELECTION AND MEASUREMENT
The Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value, which are classified as level 1, 2, or 3 within the fair value hierarchy, as shown below, on the basis of whether the measurement employs observable or unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own assumptions, taking into account information about market participant assumptions that is readily available.
Level 1: Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets
Level 2: Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets
Level 3: Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company’s recurring fair value measurements are based on either a requirement to measure such assets and liabilities at fair value or on the Company’s election to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value. Assets and liabilities that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis include trading securities, securities AFS, and derivative financial instruments. Assets and liabilities that the Company has elected to measure at fair value on a recurring basis include its residential MSRs, trading loans, and certain LHFS, LHFI, trading loans, brokered time deposits, and issuances of fixed rate debt.debt issuances.
The Company elects to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value to better align its financial performance with the economic value of actively traded or hedged assets or liabilities. The use of fair value also enables the Company to mitigate non-economic earnings volatility caused from financial assets and liabilities being measured using different bases of accounting, as well as to more accurately portray the active and dynamic management of the Company’s balance sheet.
The Company uses various valuation techniques and assumptions in estimating fair value. The assumptions used to estimate the value of an instrument have varying degrees of impact to the overall fair value of an asset or liability. This process involves gathering multiple sources of information, including broker quotes, values provided by pricing services, trading activity in other identical or similar securities, market indices, and pricing matrices. When observable market prices for the asset or liability are not available, the Company employs various
 
modeling techniques, such as discounted cash flow analyses, to estimate fair value. Models used to produce material financial reporting information are validated prior to use and following any material change in methodology. Their performance is monitored at least quarterly, and any material deterioration in model performance is escalated. This review is performed by different internal groups depending on the type of fair value asset or liability.
The Company has formal processes and controls in place to support the appropriateness of its fair value estimates. For fair values obtained from a third party, or those that include certain trader estimates of fair value, there is an independent price validation function that provides oversight for these estimates. For level 2 instruments and certain level 3 instruments, the validation generally involves evaluating pricing received from two or more third party pricing sources that are widely used by market participants. The Company evaluates this pricing information from both a qualitative and quantitative perspective and determines whether any pricing differences exceed acceptable thresholds. If thresholds are exceeded, the Company assesses differences in valuation approaches used, which may include contacting a pricing service to gain further insight into the valuation of a particular security or class of securities to resolve the pricing variance, which could include an adjustment to the price used for financial reporting purposes.
The Company classifies instruments within level 2 in the fair value hierarchy when it determines that external pricing sources estimated fair value using prices for similar instruments trading in active markets. A wide range of quoted values from pricing sources may imply a reduced level of market activity and indicate that significant adjustments to price indications have been made. In such cases, the Company evaluates whether the asset or liability should be classified as level 3.
Determining whether to classify an instrument as level 3 involves judgment and is based on a variety of subjective factors, including whether a market is inactive. A market is considered inactive if significant decreases in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability have been observed. In making this determination the Company evaluates the number of recent transactions in either the primary or secondary market, whether or not price quotations are current, the nature of market participants, the variability of price quotations, the breadth of bid/ask spreads, declines in, or the absence of, new issuances, and the availability of public information. When a market is determined to be inactive, significant adjustments may be made to price indications when estimating fair value. In making these adjustments the Company seeks to employ assumptions a market participant would use to value the asset or liability, including consideration of illiquidity in the referenced market.


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present certain information regarding assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the changes in fair value for those specific financial instruments for which fair value has been elected.
September 30, 2016September 30, 2017
Fair Value Measurements    Fair Value Measurements    
(Dollars in millions)Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Netting
 Adjustments 1
 
Assets/Liabilities
at Fair Value
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Netting
 Adjustments 1
 
Assets/Liabilities
at Fair Value
Assets                  
Trading assets and derivative instruments:                  
U.S. Treasury securities
$547
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$547

$366
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$366
Federal agency securities
 259
 
 
 259

 303
 
 
 303
U.S. states and political subdivisions
 187
 
 
 187

 53
 
 
 53
MBS - agency
 883
 
 
 883

 666
 
 
 666
CLO securities
 1
 
 
 1
Corporate and other debt securities
 723
 
 
 723

 665
 
 
 665
CP
 202
 
 
 202

 383
 
 
 383
Equity securities51
 
 
 
 51
30
 
 
 
 30
Derivative instruments356
 5,703
 79
 (4,607) 1,531
350
 3,439
 23
 (2,914) 898
Trading loans
 2,660
 
 
 2,660

 2,954
 
 
 2,954
Total trading assets and derivative instruments954
 10,618
 79
 (4,607) 7,044
746
 8,463
 23
 (2,914) 6,318
                  
Securities AFS:                  
U.S. Treasury securities4,983
 
 
 
 4,983
4,261
 
 
 
 4,261
Federal agency securities
 334
 
 
 334

 270
 
 
 270
U.S. states and political subdivisions
 257
 4
 
 261

 563
 
 
 563
MBS - agency
 23,316
 
 
 23,316

 24,980
 
 
 24,980
MBS - non-agency residential
 
 76
 
 76

 
 62
 
 62
MBS - non-agency commercial
 750
 
 
 750
ABS
 
 11
 
 11

 
 8
 
 8
Corporate and other debt securities
 31
 5
 
 36

 28
 5
 
 33
Other equity securities 2
104
 
 551
 
 655
44
 
 473
 
 517
Total securities AFS5,087
 23,938
 647
 
 29,672
4,305
 26,591
 548
 
 31,444

                  
Residential LHFS
 3,023
 3
 
 3,026
LHFS
 2,251
 1
 
 2,252
LHFI
 
 234
 
 234

 
 206
 
 206
MSRs
 
 1,119
 
 1,119
Residential MSRs
 
 1,628
 
 1,628
                  
Liabilities                  
Trading liabilities and derivative instruments:                  
U.S. Treasury securities918
 
 
 
 918
555
 
 
 
 555
MBS - agency
 2
 
 
 2
Corporate and other debt securities
 252
 
 
 252

 347
 
 
 347
Equity securities5
 
 
 
 5
Derivative instruments152
 5,454
 15
 (5,309) 312
147
 4,244
 17
 (4,031) 377
Total trading liabilities and derivative instruments1,070
 5,708
 15
 (5,309) 1,484
707
 4,591
 17
 (4,031) 1,284
                  
Brokered time deposits
 54
 
 
 54

 207
 
 
 207
Long-term debt
 963
 
 
 963

 758
 
 
 758
1 Amounts represent offsetting cash collateral received from, and paid to, the same derivative counterparties, and the impact of netting derivative assets and derivative liabilities when a legally enforceable master netting agreement or similar agreement exists. See Note 13, "Derivative Financial Instruments," for additional information.
2 Includes $104$41 million of mutual fund investments, $143$68 million of FHLB of Atlanta stock, $402$403 million of Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta stock, and $6$5 million of other.







Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued






December 31, 2015December 31, 2016
Fair Value Measurements    Fair Value Measurements    
(Dollars in millions)Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Netting
 Adjustments 1
 
Assets/Liabilities
at Fair Value
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Netting
 Adjustments 1
 
Assets/Liabilities
at Fair Value
Assets                  
Trading assets and derivative instruments:                  
U.S. Treasury securities
$538
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$538

$539
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$539
Federal agency securities
 588
 
 
 588

 480
 
 
 480
U.S. states and political subdivisions
 30
 
 
 30

 134
 
 
 134
MBS - agency
 553
 
 
 553

 567
 
 
 567
CLO securities
 2
 
 
 2

 1
 
 
 1
Corporate and other debt securities
 379
 89
 
 468

 656
 
 
 656
CP
 67
 
 
 67

 140
 
 
 140
Equity securities66
 
 
 
 66
49
 
 
 
 49
Derivative instruments262
 4,182
 21
 (3,313) 1,152
293
 4,193
 28
 (3,530) 984
Trading loans
 2,655
 
 
 2,655

 2,517
 
 
 2,517
Total trading assets and derivative instruments866
 8,456
 110
 (3,313) 6,119
881
 8,688
 28
 (3,530) 6,067
                  
Securities AFS:                  
U.S. Treasury securities3,449
 
 
 
 3,449
5,405
 
 
 
 5,405
Federal agency securities
 411
 
 
 411

 313
 
 
 313
U.S. states and political subdivisions
 159
 5
 
 164

 275
 4
 
 279
MBS - agency
 23,124
 
 
 23,124

 23,662
 
 
 23,662
MBS - non-agency residential
 
 94
 
 94

 
 74
 
 74
MBS - non-agency commercial
 252
 
 
 252
ABS
 
 12
 
 12

 
 10
 
 10
Corporate and other debt securities
 33
 5
 
 38

 30
 5
 
 35
Other equity securities 2
93
 
 440
 
 533
102
 
 540
 
 642
Total securities AFS3,542
 23,727
 556
 
 27,825
5,507
 24,532
 633
 
 30,672
                  
Residential LHFS
 1,489
 5
 
 1,494
LHFS
 3,528
 12
 
 3,540
LHFI
 
 257
 
 257

 
 222
 
 222
MSRs
 
 1,307
 
 1,307
Residential MSRs
 
 1,572
 
 1,572
                  
Liabilities                  
Trading liabilities and derivative instruments:                  
U.S. Treasury securities503
 
 
 
 503
697
 
 
 
 697
MBS - agency
 37
 
 
 37

 1
 
 
 1
Corporate and other debt securities
 259
 
 
 259

 255
 
 
 255
Derivative instruments161
 4,261
 6
 (3,964) 464
149
 4,731
 22
 (4,504) 398
Total trading liabilities and derivative instruments664
 4,557
 6
 (3,964) 1,263
846
 4,987
 22
 (4,504) 1,351
                  
Brokered time deposits
 78
 
 
 78
Long-term debt
 973
 
 
 973

 963
 
 
 963
Other liabilities 3

 
 23
 
 23
1 Amounts represent offsetting cash collateral received from, and paid to, the same derivative counterparties, and the impact of netting derivative assets and derivative liabilities when a legally enforceable master netting agreement or similar agreement exists. See Note 13, "Derivative Financial Instruments," for additional information.
2 Includes $93$102 million of mutual fund investments, $32$132 million of FHLB of Atlanta stock, $402 million of Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta stock, and $6 million of other.
3 Includes contingent consideration obligations related to acquisitions.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



The following tables present the difference between fair value and the aggregate UPB for which the FVO has been elected for certain trading loans, LHFS, LHFI, brokered time deposits, and long-term debt instruments.
(Dollars in millions)
Fair Value at
September 30, 2016
 
Aggregate UPB at
September 30, 2016
 
Fair Value
Over/(Under)
Unpaid Principal
Fair Value at
September 30, 2017
 
Aggregate UPB at
September 30, 2017
 
Fair Value
Over/(Under)
Unpaid Principal
Assets:          
Trading loans
$2,660
 
$2,607
 
$53

$2,954
 
$2,917
 
$37
LHFS:          
Accruing3,026
 2,914
 112
2,252
 2,180
 72
LHFI:          
Accruing232
 233
 (1)203
 208
 (5)
Nonaccrual2
 3
 (1)3
 4
 (1)

Liabilities:
          
Brokered time deposits54
 54
 
207
 208
 (1)
Long-term debt963
 907
 56
758
 736
 22
          
(Dollars in millions)
Fair Value at
December 31, 2015
 
Aggregate UPB at
December 31, 2015
 

Fair Value
Over/(Under)
Unpaid Principal
Fair Value at
December 31, 2016
 
Aggregate UPB at
December 31, 2016
 

Fair Value
Over/(Under)
Unpaid Principal
Assets:          
Trading loans
$2,655
 
$2,605
 
$50

$2,517
 
$2,488
 
$29
LHFS:          
Accruing1,494
 1,453
 41
3,540
 3,516
 24
LHFI:          
Accruing254
 259
 (5)219
 225
 (6)
Nonaccrual3
 5
 (2)3
 4
 (1)

Liabilities:
          
Brokered time deposits78
 80
 (2)
Long-term debt973
 907
 66
963
 924
 39


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



The following tables present the change in fair value during the three and nine months ended September 30, 20162017 and 20152016 of financial instruments for which the FVO has been elected, as well as for residential MSRs. The tables do not reflect the change in fair value attributable to related economic hedges that the Company uses to mitigate market-related risks associated with the financial instruments. Generally, changes in the fair value of economic
 
economic hedges are recognized in trading income, mortgage production related income, mortgage servicing related income, commercial real estate related income, or other noninterest income as appropriate, and are designed to partially offset the change in fair value of the financial instruments referenced in the tables below. The Company’s economic hedging activities are deployed at both the instrument and portfolio level.


Fair Value Gain/(Loss) for the Three Months Ended
September 30, 2016 for Items Measured at Fair Value
Pursuant to Election of the FVO
 
Fair Value Gain/(Loss) for the Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2016 for Items Measured at Fair Value
Pursuant to Election of the FVO
Fair Value Gain/(Loss) for the Three Months Ended
September 30, 2017 for Items Measured at Fair Value
Pursuant to Election of the FVO
 
Fair Value Gain/(Loss) for the Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2017 for Items Measured at Fair Value
Pursuant to Election of the FVO
(Dollars in millions)Trading Income 
Mortgage Production Related
 Income 1
 Mortgage Servicing Related Income Other Noninterest Income 
Total Changes in Fair Values Included in Earnings 2
 Trading Income 
Mortgage Production Related
Income
1
 Mortgage Servicing Related Income Other Noninterest Income 
Total Changes in Fair Values Included in Earnings 2
Trading Income 
Mortgage Production Related
 Income 1
 Mortgage Servicing Related Income Other Noninterest Income 
Total Changes in Fair Values Included in Earnings 2
 Trading Income 
Mortgage Production Related
Income
1
 Mortgage Servicing Related Income Other Noninterest Income 
Total Changes in Fair Values Included in Earnings 2
Assets:                                      
Trading loans
$6
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$6
 
$11
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$11

$8
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$8
 
$16
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$16
LHFS
 15
 
 
 15
 
 92
 
 
 92

 21
 
 
 21
 
 44
 
 
 44
LHFI
 
 
 (1) (1) 
 
 
 5
 5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1
 1
MSRs
 
 (56) 
 (56) 
 2
 (488) 
 (486)
Residential MSRs
 1
 (70) 
 (69) 
 3
 (195) 
 (192)
Liabilities:
                                      
Brokered time deposits1
 
 
 
 1
 1
 
 
 
 1

 
 
 
 
 2
 
 
 
 2
Long-term debt7
 
 
 
 7
 10
 
 
 
 10
5
 
 
 
 5
 16
 
 
 
 16
1 Income related to LHFS does not include income from IRLCs. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, income related to residential MSRs includes income recognized upon the sale of loans reported at LOCOM.
2 Changes in fair value for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 exclude accrued interest for the period then ended. Interest income or interest expense on trading loans, LHFS, LHFI, brokered time deposits, and long-term debt that have been elected to be measured at fair value are recognized in interest income or interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.


 
Fair Value Gain/(Loss) for the Three Months Ended
September 30, 2016 for Items Measured at Fair Value
Pursuant to Election of the FVO
 
Fair Value Gain/(Loss) for the Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2016 for Items Measured at Fair Value
Pursuant to Election of the FVO
(Dollars in millions)Trading Income 
Mortgage Production Related
 Income 1
 Mortgage Servicing Related Income Other Noninterest Income 
Total Changes in Fair Values Included in Earnings 2
 Trading Income 
Mortgage Production Related
 Income 1
 Mortgage Servicing Related Income Other Noninterest Income 
Total Changes in Fair Values Included in Earnings 2
Assets:                   
Trading loans
$6
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$6
 
$11
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$11
LHFS
 15
 
 
 15
 
 92
 
 
 92
LHFI
 
 
 (1) (1) 
 
 
 5
 5
Residential MSRs
 
 (56) 
 (56) 
 2
 (488) 
 (486)
 
Liabilities:
                   
Brokered time deposits1
 
 
 
 1
 1
 
 
 
 1
Long-term debt7
 
 
 
 7
 10
 
 
 
 10
1 Income related to LHFS does not include income from IRLCs. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, income related to residential MSRs includes income recognized upon the sale of loans reported at LOCOM.
2 Changes in fair value for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 exclude accrued interest for the period then ended. Interest income or interest expense on trading loans, LHFS, LHFI, brokered time deposits, and long-term debt that have been elected to be measured at fair value are recognized in interest income or interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.


 
Fair Value (Loss)/Gain for the Three Months Ended
September 30, 2015 for Items Measured at Fair Value
Pursuant to Election of the FVO
 
Fair Value Gain/(Loss) for the Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2015 for Items Measured at Fair Value
Pursuant to Election of the FVO
(Dollars in millions)Trading Income 
Mortgage Production Related
 Income 1
 Mortgage Servicing Related Income Other Noninterest Income 
Total Changes in Fair Values Included in Earnings 2
 Trading Income 
Mortgage Production Related
 Income 1
 Mortgage Servicing Related Income Other Noninterest Income 
Total Changes in Fair Values Included in Earnings 2
Assets:                   
Trading loans
($1) 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
($1) 
$1
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$1
LHFS
 20
 
 
 20
 
 32
 
 
 32
LHFI
 
 
 4
 4
 
 
 
 3
 3
MSRs
 
 (198) 
 (198) 
 1
 (235) 
 (234)
 
Liabilities:
                   
Long-term debt9
 
 
 
 9
 28
 
 
 
 28
1 Income related to LHFS does not include income from IRLCs. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, income related to MSRs includes income recognized upon the sale of loans reported at LOCOM.
2 Changes in fair value for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 exclude accrued interest for the period then ended. Interest income or interest expense on trading loans, LHFS, LHFI, and long-term debt that have been elected to be measured at fair value are recognized in interest income or interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



The following is a discussion of the valuation techniques and inputs used in estimating fair value measurements for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and classified as level 1, 2, and/or 3.
Trading Assets and Derivative Instruments and Securities Available for Sale
Unless otherwise indicated, trading assets are priced by the trading desk and securities AFS are valued by an independent third party pricing service.

U.S. Treasury Securities
The Company estimates the fair value of its U.S. Treasury securities based on quoted prices observed in active markets; as such, these investments are classified as level 1.

Federal agency securitiesAgency Securities
The Company includes in this classification securities issued by federal agencies and GSEs. Agency securities consist of debt obligations issued by HUD, FHLB, and other agencies or collateralized by loans that are guaranteed by the SBA and are, therefore, backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. For SBA instruments, the Company estimatedestimates fair value based on pricing from observable trading activity for similar securities or from a third party pricing service. Accordingly, the Company classified these instruments as level 2.
U.S. statesStates and political subdivisionsPolitical Subdivisions
The Company’s investments in U.S. states and political subdivisions (collectively “municipals”) include obligations of county and municipal authorities and agency bonds, which are general obligations of the municipality or are supported by a specified revenue source. Holdings wereare geographically dispersed, with no significant concentrations in any one state or municipality. Additionally, all AFS municipal obligations classified as level 2 are highly rated or are otherwise collateralized by securities backed by the full faith and credit of the federal government.
LevelAt December 31, 2016, level 3 AFS municipal securities at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 includesincluded an immaterial amount of bonds that are redeemable with the issuer at par and cannot be traded in the market. As such, no significant observable market data for these instruments iswas available; therefore, these securities arewere priced at par.

These level 3 AFS municipal securities matured during the second quarter of 2017.
MBS – agencyAgency
Agency MBS includes pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations issued by GSEs and U.S. government agencies, such as Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Ginnie Mae. Each security contains a guarantee by the issuing GSE or agency. For agency MBS, the Company estimatedestimates fair value based on pricing from observable trading activity for similar securities or from a third party pricing service; accordingly, the Company has classified these instruments as level 2.
MBS – non-agency residentialNon-agency
Non-agency residential MBS includes purchased interests in third party securitizations, as well as retained interests in
Company-sponsored securitizations of 2006 and 2007 vintage residential mortgages (including both prime jumbo fixed rate collateral and floating rate collateral). At the time of purchase or origination, these securities had high investment grade ratings; however, through the credit crisis, they experienced deterioration in credit quality leading to downgrades to non-investment grade levels. The Company obtains pricing for these securities from an independent pricing service. The Company evaluates third
party pricing to determine the reasonableness of the information relative to changes in market data, such as any recent trades, information received from market participants and analysts, and/or changes in the underlying collateral performance. The Company continued to classify non-agency residential MBS as level 3, as the Company believes that available third party pricing relies on significant unobservable assumptions, as evidenced by a persistently wide bid-ask price range and variability in pricing from the pricing services, particularly for the vintage and exposures held by the Company.
Non-agency commercial MBS at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consists of purchased interests in third party securitizations. These interests have high investment grade ratings, and the Company obtains pricing for these securities from an independent pricing service. The Company has classified these non-agency commercial MBS as level 2, as the Company believes that the independent pricing service relies on observable data in active markets.
CLO Securities
CLO preference share exposure is estimated at fair value based on pricing from observable trading activity for similar securities. Accordingly, the Company has classified these instruments as level 2.
Asset-Backed Securities
ABS classified as securities AFS includes purchased interests in third party securitizations collateralized by home equity loans and are valued based on third party pricing with significant unobservable assumptions; as such, they are classified as level 3.
Corporate and other debt securitiesOther Debt Securities
Corporate debt securities are comprised predominantly of senior and subordinate debt obligations of domestic corporations and are classified as level 2. Other debt securities classified as trading in level 3 at December 31, 2015 included bonds that were not actively traded in the market and for which valuation judgments were highly subjective due to limited observable market data. At December 31, 2015, the fair value of these level 3 bonds were estimated using market comparable bond index yields. These bonds were sold during the first quarter of 2016.
Other debt securities classified as AFS in level 3 at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 20152016 include bonds that are redeemable with the issuer at par and cannot be traded in the market. As such, observable market data for these instruments is not available.
Commercial Paper
The Company acquires CP that is generally short-term in nature (maturity of less than 30 days) and highly rated. The Company estimates the fair value of this CP based on observable pricing from executed trades of similar instruments; as such, CP is classified as level 2.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Equity securitiesSecurities
EquityThe Company estimates the fair value of its equity securities classified as trading assets based on quoted prices observed in active markets; accordingly, these investments are classified as level 1.
Other equity securities classified as securities AFS include primarily FHLB of Atlanta stock and Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta stock, which are redeemable with the issuer at cost and cannot be traded in the market. Asmarket; as such, observable market data for these instruments is not available and they are classified as level 3. The Company accounts for the stock based on industry guidance that requires these investments be carried at cost and evaluated for impairment based on the ultimate recovery of cost.


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued The Company estimates the fair value of its mutual fund investments and certain other equity securities classified as securities AFS based on quoted prices observed in active markets; therefore, these investments are classified as level 1.



Derivative instrumentsInstruments
The Company holds derivative instruments for both trading and risk management purposes. Level 1 derivative instruments generally include exchange-traded futures or option contracts for which pricing is readily available. The Company’s level 2 instruments are predominantly OTC swaps, options, and forwards, measured using observable market assumptions for interest rates, foreign exchange, equity, and credit. Because fair values for OTC contracts are not readily available, the Company estimates fair values using internal, but standard, valuation models. The selection of valuation models is driven by the type of contract: for option-based products, the Company uses an appropriate option pricing model such as Black-Scholes. For forward-based products, the Company’s valuation methodology is generally a discounted cash flow approach.
The Company's derivative instruments classified as level 2 are primarily transacted in the institutional dealer market and priced with observable market assumptions at a mid-market valuation point, with appropriate valuation adjustments for liquidity and credit risk. To this end, the Company has evaluated liquidity premiums required by market participants, as well as the credit risk of its counterparties and its own credit. See Note 13, “Derivative Financial Instruments, for additional information on the Company's derivative instruments.
The Company's derivative instruments classified as level 3 include IRLCs that satisfy the criteria to be treated as derivative financial instruments. The fair value of IRLCs on residential and commercial LHFS, while based on interest rates observable in the market, is highly dependent on the ultimate closing of the loans. These “pull-through” rates are based on the Company’s historical data and reflect the Company’s best estimate of the likelihood that a commitment will result in a closed loan. As pull-through rates increase, the fair value of IRLCs also increases. Servicing value is included in the fair value of IRLCs, and the fair value of servicing is determined by projecting cash flows, which are then discounted to estimate an expected fair value. The fair value of servicing is impacted by a variety of factors, including prepayment assumptions, discount rates, delinquency rates, contractually specified servicing fees, servicing costs, and underlying portfolio characteristics. Because these inputs are not transparent in market trades, IRLCs are considered to be level 3
assets. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company transferred $51 million and $157 million, respectively, of net IRLCs out of level 3 as the associated loans were closed. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company transferred $116 million and $232 million, respectively, of net IRLCs out of level 3 as the associated loans were closed. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company transferred $41 million and $138 million, respectively, of net IRLCs out of level 3 as the associated loans were closed.
    
Trading loansLoans
The Company engages in certain businesses whereby electing to measure loans at fair value for financial reporting aligns with the underlying business purpose. Specifically, loans included within this classification include trading loans that are: (i) made or acquired in connection with the Company’s TRS business, (ii) part of the loan sales and trading business within the Company’s Wholesale Banking segment, andor (iii) backed by the SBA. See Note 8, "Certain Transfers of Financial Assets and Variable Interest Entities," and Note 13, “Derivative Financial Instruments,” for further discussion of this business. All of these
loans are classified as level 2 due to the nature of market data that the Company uses to estimate fair value.
The loans made in connection with the Company’s TRS business are short-term, senior demand loans supported by a pledge agreement granting first priority security interest to the Bank in all the assets held by the borrower, a VIE with assets comprised primarily of corporate loans. While these TRS-related loans do not trade in the market, the Company believes that the par amount of the loans approximates fair value and no unobservable assumptions are used by the Company to value these loans. At both September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, the Company had outstanding $2.2$2.5 billion and $2.1 billion of these short-term loans outstanding, measured at fair value.value, respectively.
The loans from the Company’s sales and trading business are commercial and corporate leveraged loans that are either traded in the market or for which similar loans trade. The Company elected to measure these loans at fair value since they are actively traded. For both of the three and nine months ended September 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, the Company recognized an immaterial amount of gains/(losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Income due to changes in fair value attributable to instrument-specific credit risk. The Company is able to obtain fair value estimates for substantially all of these loans through a third party valuation service that is broadly used by market participants. While most of the loans are traded in the market, the Company does not believe that trading activity qualifies the loans as level 1 instruments, as the volume and level of trading activity is subject to variability and the loans are not exchange-traded. At September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015, $4072016, $422 million and $356 million, respectively, of loans related to the Company’s trading business were held in inventory.
SBA loans are similar to SBA securities discussed herein under “Federal agency securities,” except for their legal form. In both cases, the Company trades instruments that are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government as to contractual principal and interest and there is sufficient observable trading activity upon which to base the estimate of fair value. As these SBA loans are fully guaranteed, the changes in fair value are attributable to factors other than instrument-specific credit risk.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Loans Held for Sale and Loans Held for Investment
Residential LHFS
The Company values certain newly-originated residential mortgage LHFS predominantly at fair value based upon defined product criteria. The Company chooses to fair value these residential mortgage LHFS to eliminate the complexities and inherent difficulties of achieving hedge accounting and to better align reported results with the underlying economic changes in value of the loans and related hedge instruments. Any origination fees are recognized within mortgage production related income in the Consolidated Statements of Income when earned at the time of closing. The servicing value is included in the fair value of the loan and is initially recognized at the time the Company enters into IRLCs with borrowers. The Company employs derivative instruments to economically hedge changes in interest rates and the related impact on servicing value in the fair value of the loan. The mark-to-market adjustments related to LHFS and the associated economic hedges are captured in mortgage production related income.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



LHFS classified as level 2 are primarily agency loans which trade in active secondary markets and are priced using current market pricing for similar securities, adjusted for servicing, interest rate risk, and credit risk. Non-agency residential mortgages are also included in level 2 LHFS. Transfers of certain residential mortgage LHFS into level 3 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 20162017 and 20152016 were largely due to borrower defaults or the identification of other loan defects impacting the marketability of the loans.
For residential loans that the Company has elected to measure at fair value, the Company recognized an immaterial amount of gains/(losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Income due to changes in fair value attributable to borrower-specific credit risk for both of the three and nine months ended September 30, 20162017 and 2015.2016. In addition to borrower-specific credit risk, there are other more significant variables that drive changes in the fair values of the loans, including interest rates and general market conditions.
Commercial LHFS
The Company values certain commercial LHFS at fair value based upon observable current market prices for similar loans. These loans are generally transferred to agencies within 90 days of origination. The Company had commitments from agencies to purchase these loans at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016; therefore, they are classified as level 2. Origination fees are recognized within commercial real estate related income in the Consolidated Statements of Income when earned at the time of closing. To mitigate the effect of interest rate risk inherent in entering into IRLCs with borrowers, the Company enters into forward contracts with investors at the same time that it enters into IRLCs with borrowers. The mark-to-market adjustments related to commercial LHFS, IRLCs, and forward contracts are recognized in commercial real estate related income. For commercial loans that the Company has elected to measure at fair value, the Company recognized no gains/(losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Income due to changes in fair value attributable to borrower-specific credit risk for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.
LHFI
LHFI classified as level 3 includes predominantly mortgage loans that are not marketable, largely due to the identification of loan defects. The Company chooses to measure these mortgage LHFI at fair value to better align reported results with the underlying economic changes in value of the loans and any related hedging instruments. The Company values these loans using a discounted cash flow approach based on assumptions that are generally not observable in current markets, such as prepayment speeds, default rates, loss severity rates, and discount rates. Level 3 LHFI also includes mortgage loans that are valued using collateral based pricing. Changes in the applicable housing price index since the time of the loan origination are considered and applied to the loan's collateral value. An additional discount representing the return that a buyer would require is also considered in the overall fair value.
Residential Mortgage Servicing Rights
The Company records residential MSR assets at fair value using a discounted cash flow approach. The fair values of residential MSRs are impacted by a variety of factors, including prepayment assumptions, spreads,discount rates, delinquency rates, contractually specified servicing fees, servicing costs, and underlying portfolio characteristics. The underlying assumptions and estimated values are corroborated by values received from independent third parties based on their review of the servicing portfolio, and comparisons to market transactions. Because these inputs are not transparent in market trades, residential MSRs are classified as level 3 assets. For additional information see Note 7, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets."
Liabilities
Trading liabilitiesLiabilities and derivative instrumentsDerivative Instruments
Trading liabilities are comprised primarily of derivative contracts, but also includeincluding IRLCs that satisfy the criteria to be treated as derivative financial instruments, as well as various contracts (primarily U.S. Treasury securities, corporate and other debt securities) that the Company uses in certain of its trading businesses. The Company's valuation methodologies for these derivative contracts and securities are consistent with those discussed within the corresponding sections herein under “Trading Assets and Derivative Instruments and Securities Available for Sale.”
During the second quarter of 2009, in connection with its sale of Visa Class B shares, the Company entered into a derivative contract whereby the ultimate cash payments received or paid, if any, under the contract are based on the ultimate resolution of litigationthe Litigation involving Visa. The fair value of the derivative wasis estimated based on the Company’s expectations regarding the ultimate resolution of that litigation, which involvedLitigation. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the derivative involve a high degree of judgment and subjectivity. Accordingly,subjectivity; accordingly, the value of the related derivative liability is classified as a level 3 instrument.3. See Note 12, "Guarantees," for a discussion of the valuation assumptions.
Brokered time depositsTime Deposits
The Company has elected to measure certain CDs that contain embedded derivatives at fair value. These debt instruments include embedded derivatives where the underlying is considered clearly and closely related to the host debt instrument. The Company elected to measure certain of these instruments atThis fair value toelection better alignaligns the economics of the CDs with the Company’s risk
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



management strategies. The Company evaluated, on an instrument by instrument basis, whether a new issuance would be measured at fair value.
On January 1, 2016, the Company partially adopted ASU 2016-01, which requires changes in credit spreads for financial liabilities measured at fair value pursuant to a fair value option to be recognized in OCI. The impact to OCI is determined from the change in credit spreads above LIBOR swap spreads. For both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the impact on AOCI due to changes in credit spreads was immaterial. For additional information on the Company's partial adoption of ASU 2016-01, see Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies."
The Company has classified CDs measured at fair value as level 2 instruments due to the Company's ability to reasonably measure all significant inputs based on observable market variables. The Company employs a discounted cash flow approach based on observable market interest rates for the term of the CD and an estimate of the Bank's credit risk. For theany embedded derivative features, the Company uses the same valuation methodologies as if the derivative were a standalone derivative, as discussed herein under "Derivative instruments."
Long-term debtDebt
The Company has elected to measure at fair value certain fixed rate issuances of public debt that are valued by obtaining price indications from a third party pricing service and utilizing broker
quotes to corroborate the reasonableness of those marks. Additionally, information from market data of recent observable trades and indications from buy side investors, if available, are taken into consideration as additional support for the value. Due to the availability of this information, the Company determined that the appropriate classification for these debt issuances is level 2. The electionCompany utilizes derivative instruments to fair valueconvert interest rates on its fixed rate debt to floating rates. The Company elected to measure certain fixed rate debt issuances was madeat fair value to align the accounting for the debt with the accounting for offsetting derivative positions, without having to apply complex hedge accounting.
The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments to convert interest rates on its debt from fixed to floating rates. Prior to January 1, 2016, changes in the Company’s credit spreads for public debt measured at fair value impacted earnings. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the estimated earnings impact from changes in credit spreads above U.S.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Treasury rates resulted in an immaterial amount of gains/(losses). On January 1, 2016, the Company partially adopted ASU 2016-01, which requires changes in credit spreads for certain financial instruments elected to be measured at fair value to be recognized in OCI. The impact to OCI for public debt measured at fair value is determined based on the change in credit spreads above LIBOR swap spreads. Upon adoption,For both the Company recognized a $5 million one-time, cumulative credit risk adjustment inthree and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the impact on AOCI to recognize the changefrom changes in credit spreads that occurred prior to January 1, 2016.resulted in an immaterial gain, net of tax. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the impact on AOCI from changes in credit spreads resulted in a losslosses of $3 million and $5 million, respectively, net of tax. For additional information on the Company's partial adoption of ASU 2016-01, see Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies."
Other liabilities
At December 31, 2015 the Company’s other liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis included a contingent consideration obligation related to a prior business combination. Contingent consideration was adjusted to fair value until settled. As the assumptions used to measure fair value were based on internal metrics that were not observable in the market, the contingent consideration liability was classified as level 3. During the first quarter of 2016, the Company's contingent consideration obligation under the liability was settled and paid in full.




The valuation technique and range, including weighted average, of the unobservable inputs associated with the Company's level 3 assets and liabilities are as follows:
  Level 3 Significant Unobservable Input Assumptions
(Dollars in millions)Fair value September 30, 20162017 Valuation Technique 
Unobservable Input 1
 
Range
(weighted average)
Assets       
Trading assets and derivative instruments:      
Derivative instruments, net 2

$646
 Internal model Pull through rate 44-100% (77%46-100% (79%)
 MSR value 18-14727-160 bps (95(104 bps)
Securities AFS:       
U.S. states and political subdivisions4
CostN/A
MBS - non-agency residential7662
 Third party pricing N/A  
ABS118
 Third party pricing N/A  
Corporate and other debt securities5
 Cost N/A  
Other equity securities551473
 Cost N/A  
Residential LHFS31
 Monte Carlo/Discounted cash flow Option adjusted spread 104-197125 bps (125 bps)
Conditional prepayment rate4-265-30 CPR (16(14 CPR)
Conditional default rate0-2 CDR (0.6(0.5 CDR)
LHFI232203
 Monte Carlo/Discounted cash flow Option adjusted spread 62-784 bps (185(188 bps)
Conditional prepayment rate5-373-36 CPR (16(11 CPR)
Conditional default rate0-50-9 CDR (1.8(1.4 CDR)
23
Collateral based pricingAppraised value
NM 3
Residential MSRs1,1191,628
 Monte Carlo/Discounted cash flow Conditional prepayment rate 3-287-29 CPR (14(13 CPR)
 Option adjusted spread 0-124% (9%0-111% (4%)
1 For certain assets and liabilities where the Company utilizes third party pricing, the unobservable inputs and their ranges are not reasonably available, and therefore, have been noted as not applicable ("N/A").
2 RepresentsAmount represents the net of IRLC assets and liabilities entered into by the Mortgage Banking segment and includes the derivative liability associated with the Company's sale of Visa shares. Refer to the "Trading Liabilities and Derivative Instruments" section herein for a discussion of valuation assumptions related to the Visa derivative liability.
3 Not meaningful.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued





  Level 3 Significant Unobservable Input Assumptions
(Dollars in millions)Fair value December 31, 20152016 Valuation Technique 
Unobservable Input 1
 
Range
(weighted average)
Assets       
Trading assets and derivative instruments:      
Corporate and other debt securities
$89
Market comparablesYield adjustment126-447 bps (287 bps)
Derivative instruments, net 2
15
$6
 Internal model Pull through rate 24-100% (79%40-100% (81%)
 MSR value 29-21022-170 bps (103(106 bps)
Securities AFS:       
U.S. states and political subdivisions54
 Cost N/A  
MBS - non-agency residential9474
 Third party pricing N/A  
ABS1210
 Third party pricing N/A  
Corporate and other debt securities5
 Cost N/A  
Other equity securities440540
 Cost N/A  
Residential LHFS512
 Monte Carlo/Discounted cash flow Option adjusted spread 104-197104-125 bps (125(124 bps)
 Conditional prepayment rate 2-172-28 CPR (8(7 CPR)
 Conditional default rate 0-20-3 CDR (0.5(0.4 CDR)
LHFI251219
 Monte Carlo/Discounted cash flow Option adjusted spread 62-784 bps (193(184 bps)
 Conditional prepayment rate 5-363-36 CPR (14(13 CPR)
 Conditional default rate 0-5 CDR (1.7(2.1 CDR)
63
 Collateral based pricing Appraised value 
NM 43
Residential MSRs1,3071,572
 Monte Carlo/Discounted cash flow Conditional prepayment rate 2-211-25 CPR (10(9 CPR)
 Option adjusted spread (5)-110%0-122% (8%)
Liabilities
Other liabilities 3
23
Internal modelLoan production volume150% (150%)
1 For certain assets and liabilities where the Company utilizes third party pricing, the unobservable inputs and their ranges are not reasonably available, and therefore, have been noted as not applicable ("N/A").
2 RepresentsAmount represents the net of IRLC assets and liabilities entered into by the Mortgage Banking segment and includes the derivative liability associated with the Company's sale of Visa shares. Refer to the "Trading Liabilities and Derivative Instruments" section herein for a discussion of valuation assumptions related to the Visa derivative liability.
3 Input assumptions relate to the Company's contingent consideration obligations related to acquisitions. See Note 12, "Guarantees," for additional information.
4 Not meaningful.


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



The following tables present a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (other than servicing rights which are disclosed in Note 7, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”). Transfers into and out of the fair value hierarchy levels are assumed to occur at the end
 
of the period in which the transfer occurred. None of the transfers into or out of level 3 have been the result of using alternative valuation approaches to estimate fair values. There were no transfers between level 1 and 2 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 20162017 and 2015.2016.

 
Fair Value Measurements
Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
(Dollars in millions)Beginning
Balance
July 1,
2016
 Included
in
Earnings
 OCI Purchases Sales Settlements Transfers to/from Other Balance Sheet Line Items Transfers
into
Level 3
 Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Fair Value September 30, 2016 
Included in Earnings (held at September 30, 2016) 1
 
Assets                      
Trading assets:                      
Derivative instruments, net
$60
 
$118
2 

$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$2
 
($116) 
$—
 
$—
 
$64
 
$73
2 
Securities AFS:                      
U.S. states and political subdivisions4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4
 
 
MBS - non-agency residential83
 
 
 
 
 (7) 
 
 
 76
 
 
ABS11
 
 1
3 

 
 (1) 
 
 
 11
 
 
Corporate and other debt securities5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5
 
 
Other equity securities610
 
 
 
 
 (59) 
 
 
 551
 
 
Total securities AFS713
 
 1
3 

 
 (67) 
 
 
 647
 
 
                       
Residential LHFS4
 
 
 
 (13) 
 (2) 14
 
 3
 
 
LHFI246
 (2)
4 

 
 
 (10) (2) 2
 
 234
 (2)
4 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued


 
Fair Value Measurements
Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
(Dollars in millions)Beginning
Balance
July 1,
2017
 Included
in
Earnings
 OCI Purchases Sales Settlements Transfers to/from Other Balance Sheet Line Items Transfers
into
Level 3
 Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Fair Value
September 30,
2017
 
Included in
Earnings
(held at
September 30, 2017 1)
 
Assets                      
Trading assets:                      
Derivative instruments, net
$4
 
$52
2 

$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$1
 
($51) 
$—
 
$—
 
$6
 
$19
2 
Securities AFS:                      
MBS - non-agency residential67
 
 1
3 

 
 (6) 
 
 
 62
 
 
ABS9
 
 
 
 
 (1) 
 
 
 8
 
 
Corporate and other debt securities5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5
 
 
Other equity securities547
 
 
 
 
 (74) 
 
 
 473
 
 
Total securities AFS628
 
 1
3 

 
 (81) 
 
 
 548
 
 
                       
Residential LHFS2
 
 
 
 (2) (1) (1) 3
 
 1
 
 
LHFI214
 
 
 
 
 (9) 1
 
 
 206
 
 

Fair Value Measurements
Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Fair Value Measurements
Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
(Dollars in millions)Beginning
Balance
January 1,
2016
 Included
in
Earnings
 OCI Purchases Sales Settlements Transfers to/from Other Balance Sheet Line Items Transfers
into
Level 3
 Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Fair Value September 30, 2016 
Included in Earnings (held at September 30, 2016 1)
 Beginning
Balance
January 1,
2017
 Included
in
Earnings
 OCI Purchases Sales Settlements Transfers to/from Other Balance Sheet Line Items Transfers
into
Level 3
 Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Fair Value
September 30,
2017
 
Included in
Earnings
(held at
September 30, 2017 1)
 
Assets                                            
Trading assets:                                            
Corporate and other debt securities
$89
 
($1)
5 

$—
 
$—
 
($88) 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
Derivative instruments, net15
 279
2 

 
 
 2
 (232) 
 
 64
 68
2 

$6
 
$157
2 

$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
($157) 
$—
 
$—
 
$6
 
$17
2 
Total trading assets104
 278
 
 
 (88) 2
 (232) 
 
 64
 68
 
Securities AFS:                                            
U.S. states and political subdivisions5
 
 
 
 
 (1) 
 
 
 4
 
 4
 
 
 
 
 (4) 
 
 
 
 
 
MBS - non-agency residential94
 
 (1)
3 

 
 (17) 
 
 
 76
 
 74
 
 1
3 

 
 (13) 
 
 
 62
 
 
ABS12
 
 1
3 

 
 (2) 
 
 
 11
 
 10
 
 
 
 
 (2) 
 
 
 8
 
 
Corporate and other debt securities5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5
 
 5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5
 
 
Other equity securities440
 
 1
3 
276
 
 (166) 
 
 
 551
 
 540
 
 1
3 
75
 
 (138) 
 
 (5) 473
 
 
Total securities AFS556
 

1
3 
276
 
 (186) 
 
 
 647
 
 633
 

2
3 
75
 
 (157) 
 
 (5) 548
 
 
                                            
Residential LHFS5
 
 
 
 (27) 
 (4) 31
 (2) 3
 
 12
 
 
 
 (22) (1) (3) 17
 (2) 1
 
 
LHFI257
 4
4 

 
 
 (32) (1) 6
 
 234
 4
4 
222
 1
4 

 
 
 (24) 3
 4
 
 206
 1
4 
Liabilities                      
Other liabilities23
 
 
 
 
 (23) 
 
 
 
 
 
1 Change in unrealized gains/(losses) included in earnings during the period related to financial assets still held at September 30, 2017.
2 Includes issuances, fair value changes, and expirations. Amount related to residential IRLCs is recognized in mortgage production related income, amount related to commercial IRLCs is recognized in commercial real estate related income, and amount related to Visa derivative liability is recognized in other noninterest expense.
3 Amounts recognized in OCI are included in change in net unrealized gains on securities AFS, net of tax.
4 Amounts are generally included in mortgage production related income; however, the mark on certain fair value loans is included in other noninterest income.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



 
Fair Value Measurements
Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
(Dollars in millions)Beginning
Balance
July 1,
2016
 Included
in
Earnings
 OCI Purchases Sales Settlements Transfers to/from Other Balance Sheet Line Items Transfers
into
Level 3
 Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Fair Value
September 30,
2016
 
Included in
Earnings
(held at
September 30,
2016 1)
 
Assets                      
Trading assets:                      
Derivative instruments, net
$60
 
$118
2 

$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$2
 
($116) 
$—
 
$—
 
$64
 
$73
2 
Securities AFS:                      
U.S. states and political subdivisions4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4
 
 
MBS - non-agency residential83
 
 
 
 
 (7) 
 
 
 76
 
 
ABS11
 
 1
3 

 
 (1) 
 
 
 11
 
 
Corporate and other debt securities5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5
 
 
Other equity securities610
 
 
 
 
 (59) 
 
 
 551
 
 
Total securities AFS713
 
 1
3 

 
 (67) 
 
 
 647
 
 
                       
Residential LHFS4
 
 
 
 (13) 
 (2) 14
 
 3
 
 
LHFI246
 (2)
4 

 
 
 (10) (2) 2
 
 234
 (2)
4 

 
Fair Value Measurements
Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
(Dollars in millions)Beginning
Balance
January 1,
2016
 Included
in
Earnings
 OCI Purchases Sales Settlements Transfers to/from Other Balance Sheet Line Items Transfers
into
Level 3
 Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Fair Value
September 30,
2016
 
Included in
Earnings
(held at
September 30,
2016 1)
 
Assets                      
Trading assets:                      
Corporate and other debt securities
$89
 
($1)
5 

$—
 
$—
 
($88) 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
Derivative instruments, net15
 279
2 

 
 
 2
 (232) 
 
 64
 68
2 
Total trading assets104
 278
 
 
 (88) 2
 (232) 
 
 64
 68
 
Securities AFS:                      
U.S. states and political subdivisions5
 
 
 
 
 (1) 
 
 
 4
 
 
MBS - non-agency residential94
 
 (1)
3 

 
 (17) 
 
 
 76
 
 
ABS12
 
 1
3 

 
 (2) 
 
 
 11
 
 
Corporate and other debt securities5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5
 
 
Other equity securities440
 
 1
3 
276
 
 (166) 
 
 
 551
 
 
Total securities AFS556
 

1
3 
276
 
 (186) 
 
 
 647
 
 
                       
Residential LHFS5
 
 
 
 (27) 
 (4) 31
 (2) 3
 
 
LHFI257
 4
4 

 
 
 (32) (1) 6
 
 234
 4
4 
Liabilities                      
Other liabilities23
 
 
 
 
 (23) 
 
 
 
 
 
1 Change in unrealized gains/(losses) included in earnings during the period related to financial assets/liabilities still held at September 30, 2016.
2 Includes issuances, fair value changes, and expirations and areexpirations. Amount related to residential IRLCs is recognized in mortgage production related income.income and amount related to Visa derivative liability is recognized in other noninterest expense.
3 Amounts recognized in OCI are included in change in net unrealized gains/(losses) on securities AFS, net of tax.
4 Amounts are generally included in mortgage production related income; however, the mark on certain fair value loans is included in other noninterest income.
5 Amounts included in earnings are recognized in trading income.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



 
Fair Value Measurements
Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
(Dollars in millions)Beginning
Balance
July 1,
2015
 Included
in
Earnings
 OCI Purchases Sales Settlements Transfers to/from Other Balance Sheet Line Items Transfers
into
Level 3
 Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Fair Value September 30, 2015 
Included in Earnings (held at September 30, 2015 1)
 
Assets                      
Trading assets:                      
Derivative instruments, net
$14
 
$58
2 

$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$1
 
($41) 
$—
 
$—
 
$32
 
($1)
2 
Securities AFS:                      
U.S. states and political subdivisions5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5
 
 
MBS - non-agency residential112
 (1) 1
3 

 
 (10) 
 
 
 102
 (1) 
ABS17
 
 
 
 
 (2) 
 
 
 15
 
 
Corporate and other debt securities3
 
 
 5
 
 (3) 
 
 
 5
 
 
Other equity securities582
 
 (2)
3 

 
 (140) 
 
 
 440
 
 
Total securities AFS719
 (1) (1) 5
 
 (155) 
 
 
 567
 (1) 
                       
Residential LHFS2
 
 
 
 (7) 
 (1) 8
 
 2
 
 
LHFI263
 3
4 

 
 
 (8) 
 4
 
 262
 3
4 
Liabilities                      
Other liabilities23
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 23
 
 

 
Fair Value Measurements
Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
(Dollars in millions)Beginning
Balance
January 1,
2015
 Included
in
Earnings
 OCI Purchases Sales Settlements Transfers to/from Other Balance Sheet Line Items Transfers
into
Level 3
 Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Fair Value September 30, 2015 
Included in Earnings (held at September 30, 2015 1)
 
Assets                      
Trading assets:                      
Derivative instruments, net
$20
 
$148
2 

$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$2
 
($138) 
$—
 
$—
 
$32
 
($5)
2 
Securities AFS:                      
U.S. states and political subdivisions12
 
 
 
 
 (7) 
 
 
 5
 
 
MBS - non-agency residential123
 (1) 2
3 

 
 (22) 
 
 
 102
 (1) 
ABS21
 
 
 
 
 (6) 
 
 
 15
 
 
Corporate and other debt securities5
 
 
 5
 
 (5) 
 
 
 5
 
 
Other equity securities785
 
 (2)
3 
104
 
 (447) 
 
 
 440
 
 
Total securities AFS946
 (1) 
 109
 
 (487) 
 
 
 567
 (1) 
                       
Residential LHFS1
 
 
 
 (16) 
 (2) 19
 
 2
 
 
LHFI272
 3
4 

 
 
 (32) (1) 20
 
 262
 1
4 
Liabilities                      
Other liabilities27
 6
5 

 
 
 (10) 
 
 
 23
 6
5 
1 Change in unrealized gains/(losses) included in earnings during the period related to financial assets/liabilities still held at September 30, 2015.
2 Includes issuances, fair value changes, and expirations and are recognized in mortgage production related income.
3 Amounts recognized in OCI are included in change in net unrealized gains/(losses) on securities AFS, net of tax.
4 Amounts are generally included in mortgage production related income; however, the mark on certain fair value loans is included in trading income.
5 Amounts included in earnings are recognized in other noninterest expense.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present losses recognized on assets still held at period end, and measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20162017 and the year ended December 31, 2015.2016. Adjustments to fair value generally result from the application of LOCOM or through
 
write-downs of individual assets. The tables do not reflect changes in fair value attributable to economic hedges the Company may have used to mitigate interest rate risk associated with LHFS.

  Fair Value Measurements 
Losses for the
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2016
 
Losses for the
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2016
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2016 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
LHFI
$47
 
$—
 
$—
 
$47
 
$—
 
$—
OREO15
 
 
 15
 (1) (2)
Other assets125
 
 79
 46
 (13) (37)
           
  Fair Value Measurements 
Losses for the
Year Ended
December 31, 2015
    Fair Value Measurements 
Losses for the
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2017
 
Losses for the
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2017
(Dollars in millions)December 31, 2015 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
September 30, 2017 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
LHFS
$202
 
$—
 
$—
 
$202
 
($6)  
$46
 
$—
 
$46
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
LHFI48
 
 
 48
 
  76
 
 
 76
 
 
OREO19
 
 
 19
 (4)  20
 
 
 20
 (2) (4)
Other assets36
 
 29
 7
 (6)  50
 
 7
 43
 (21) (35)
           
  Fair Value Measurements 
Losses for the
Year Ended
December 31, 2016
  
(Dollars in millions)December 31, 2016 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
LHFI
$75
 
$—
 
$—
 
$75
 
$—
  
OREO17
 
 
 17
 (2)  
Other assets112
 
 58
 54
 (36)  

Discussed below are the valuation techniques and inputs used in estimating fair values for assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and classified as level 2 and/or 3.
Loans Held for Sale
At December 31, 2015,September 30, 2017, LHFS classified as level 2 consisted of commercial loans that were valued using significant unobservable assumptions from comparably rated loans.market prices and measured at LOCOM. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company transferred $31 million of C&I NPLs to LHFS as the Company elected to actively market these loans for sale. As such,a result of transferring the C&I NPLs to LHFS, the Company recognized a $5 million charge-off to reflect the loans' estimated market value. There were no gains/(losses) recognized in earnings during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 as the charge-offs related to these loans are classified as level 3. The decline in LHFS compared to December 31, 2015 was due to the sale of $185 million of these loans in the second quarter of 2016 and the salea component of the remaining $17 million in the third quarter of 2016.ALLL.

Loans Held for Investment
At September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, LHFI consisted primarily of consumer and residential real estate loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy that had not been reaffirmed by the borrower, as well as nonperforming CRE loans for which specific reserves had been recognized. Cash proceeds from the sale of the underlying collateral is the expected source of repayment for a majority of these loans. Accordingly, the fair value of these loans is derived from the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, incorporating market data if available. There were no gains/(losses) recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 20162017 or during the year ended December 31, 2015,2016, as the charge-offs related to these loans are a component of the ALLL. Due to the lack of market data for similar assets, all of these loans are classified as level 3.

OREO
OREO is measured at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell. OREO classified as level 2 consists primarily of residential homes and commercial properties for which binding purchase agreements exist. OREO classified as level 3 consists primarily of residential homes, commercial properties, and vacant lots and land for which initial valuations are based on property-specific appraisals, broker pricing opinions, or other limited, highly
 
limited, highly subjective market information. Updated value estimates are received regularly for level 3 OREO.

Other Assets
Other assets consists of cost and equity method investments, other repossessed assets, assets under operating leases where the Company is the lessor, branch properties, and land held for sale.sale, and software.
Investments in cost and equity method investments are valuedevaluated for potential impairment based on the expected remaining cash flows to be received from these assets discounted at a market rate that is commensurate with the expected risk, considering relevant Company-specific valuation multiples, where applicable. Based on the valuation methodology and associated unobservable inputs, these investments are classified as level 3. DuringThe Company recognized $1 million of impairment charges on equity investments during both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized impairment charges of $8 million on its equity investments. There were no impairment charges recognized on equity investments during the three months ended September 30, 2016 or during the year ended December 31, 2015.
Other repossessed assets comprises repossessed personal property that is measured at fair value less cost to sell. These assets are classified as level 3 as their fair value is determined based on a variety of subjective, unobservable factors. There were no losses recognized in earnings by the Company on other repossessed assets during the three and nine months ended September 30, 20162017 or during the year ended December 31, 2015,2016, as the impairment charges on repossessed personal property were a component of the ALLL.
The Company monitors the fair value of assets under operating leases where the Company is the lessor and recognizes impairment on the leased asset to the extent the carrying value is not recoverable and is greater than its fair value. Fair value is determined using collateral specific pricing digests, external appraisals, broker opinions, recent sales data from industry

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



equipment dealers, and the discounted cash flows derived from the underlying lease agreement. As market data for similar assets and lease arrangements is available and used in the valuation, these assets are considered level 2. During bothThe Company recognized an immaterial amount of impairment charges during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recognized impairment charges of $12 million and $16 million, respectively,2017 attributable to changes in the fair value of various personal property under operating leases. During the year ended December 31, 2015,2016, the Company recognized impairment charges of $6$12 million attributable to changes in the fair value of various personal property under operating leases.
The Company recognized impairment charges of $1 million and $8 million on branchBranch properties during the three and nine
months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. These branches are classified as level 3, as their fair values werevalue is based on market comparables and broker opinions. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recognized impairment charges of $11 million on branch properties. No related impairment charges were recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized impairment charges of $12 million on branch properties.
Land held for sale is recorded at the lesser of carrying value or fair value less cost to sell, and is considered level 3 as its fair
value is determined based on market comparables and broker opinions. The Company recognized impairment charges of $5 million on land held for sale duringDuring the nine months ended September 30, 2016. There were no2017, the Company recognized impairment charges recognizedof $2 million on land held for salesale. No related impairment charges were recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2016, and an immaterial amount of impairment charges were recognized on land held for sale during2017. During the year ended December 31, 2015.2016, the Company recognized impairment charges of $4 million on land held for sale.
Software consisted primarily of external software licenses and internally developed software. External software licenses are classified as level 2, as their fair value is based on available vendor pricing from comparable software licenses. Internally developed software is classified as level 3 and is measured based on capitalized software development costs. The Company recognized impairment charges of $20 million during both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized no impairment charges on software.


Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows:
September 30, 2016 Fair Value Measurements September 30, 2017 Fair Value Measurements 
(Dollars in millions)
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Financial assets:                    
Cash and cash equivalents
$9,740
 
$9,740
 
$9,740
 
$—
 
$—
(a) 
$8,278
 
$8,278
 
$8,278
 
$—
 
$—
(a) 
Trading assets and derivative instruments7,044
 7,044
 954
 6,011
 79
(b) 6,318
 6,318
 746
 5,549
 23
(b) 
Securities AFS29,672
 29,672
 5,087
 23,938
 647
(b) 31,444
 31,444
 4,305
 26,591
 548
(b) 
LHFS3,772
 3,789
 
 3,705
 84
(c) 2,835
 2,849
 
 2,653
 196
(c) 
LHFI, net139,789
 138,557
 
 273
 138,284
(d)142,492
 142,482
 
 121
 142,361
(d)
Financial liabilities:                    
Deposits158,842
 158,801
 
 158,801
 
(e) 162,737
 162,590
 
 162,590
 
(e) 
Short-term borrowings4,899
 4,899
 
 4,899
 
(f) 5,449
 5,449
 
 5,449
 
(f) 
Long-term debt11,866
 11,896
 
 11,181
 715
(f) 11,280
 11,389
 
 10,363
 1,026
(f) 
Trading liabilities and derivative instruments1,484
 1,484
 1,070
 399
 15
(b) 1,284
 1,284
 707
 560
 17
(b) 

December 31, 2015 Fair Value Measurements December 31, 2016 Fair Value Measurements 
(Dollars in millions)
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Financial assets:                    
Cash and cash equivalents
$5,599
 
$5,599
 
$5,599
 
$—
 
$—
(a) 
$6,423
 
$6,423
 
$6,423
 
$—
 
$—
(a) 
Trading assets and derivative instruments6,119
 6,119
 866
 5,143
 110
(b) 6,067
 6,067
 881
 5,158
 28
(b) 
Securities AFS27,825
 27,825
 3,542
 23,727
 556
(b) 30,672
 30,672
 5,507
 24,532
 633
(b) 
LHFS1,838
 1,842
 
 1,803
 39
(c) 4,169
 4,178
 
 4,161
 17
(c) 
LHFI, net134,690
 131,178
 
 397
 130,781
(d)141,589
 140,516
 
 282
 140,234
(d)
Financial liabilities:                    
Deposits149,830
 149,889
 
 149,889
 
(e) 160,398
 160,280
 
 160,280
 
(e) 
Short-term borrowings4,627
 4,627
 
 4,627
 
(f) 4,764
 4,764
 
 4,764
 
(f) 
Long-term debt8,462
 8,374
 
 7,772
 602
(f) 11,748
 11,779
 
 11,051
 728
(f) 
Trading liabilities and derivative instruments1,263
 1,263
 664
 593
 6
(b) 1,351
 1,351
 846
 483
 22
(b) 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating the fair value of financial instruments:
(a)Cash and cash equivalents are valued at their carrying amounts, which are reasonable estimates of fair value due to the relatively short period to maturity of the instruments.
(b)Trading assets and derivative instruments, securities AFS, and trading liabilities and derivative instruments that are classified as level 1 are valued based on quoted market prices.prices observed in active markets. For those instruments classified as level 2 or 3, refer to the respective valuation discussions within this footnote.
(c)LHFS are generally valued based on observable current market prices or, if quoted market prices are not available, quoted market prices of similar instruments. Refer to the LHFS section within this footnote for further discussion. When valuation assumptions are not readily observable in the market, instruments are valued based on the best available data to approximate fair value. This data may be internally developed and considers risk premiums that a market participant would require under then-current market conditions.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



market participant would require under then-current market conditions.
(d)LHFI fair values are based on a hypothetical exit price, which does not represent the estimated intrinsic value of the loan if held for investment. The assumptions used are expected to approximate those that a market participant purchasing the loans would use to value the loans, including a market risk premium and liquidity discount. Estimating the fair value of the loan portfolio when loan sales and trading markets are illiquid or nonexistent requires significant judgment.
Generally, the Company measures fair value for LHFI based on estimated future discounted cash flows using current origination rates for loans with similar terms and credit quality, which derived an estimated value of 102% and 101% on the loan portfolio’s net carrying value at both September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015, respectively.2016. The value derived from origination rates likely does not represent an exit price; therefore, an incremental market risk and liquidity discount was applied when estimating the fair value of these loans. The discounted value is a function of a market participant’s required yield in the current environment and is not a reflection of the expected cumulative losses on the loans.
(e)Deposit liabilities with no defined maturity such as DDAs, NOW/money market accounts, and savings accounts have a fair value equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amounts). Fair values for CDs are estimated using a discounted cash flow approach that applies current interest rates to a schedule of aggregated expected maturities. The assumptions used in the discounted cash flow analysis are expected to approximate those that market participants would use in valuing deposits. The value of long-term relationships with depositors is not taken into
 
a fair value equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amounts). Fair values for CDs are estimated using a discounted cash flow approach that applies current interest rates to a schedule of aggregated expected maturities. The assumptions used in the discounted cash flow analysis are expected to approximate those that market participants would use in valuing deposits. The value of long-term relationships with depositors is not taken into account in estimating fair values. Refer to the respective valuation section within this footnote for valuation information related to brokered time deposits that the Company measures at fair value as well as those that are carried at amortized cost.
(f)Fair values for short-term borrowings and certain long-term debt are based on quoted market prices for similar instruments or estimated discounted cash flows utilizing the Company’s current incremental borrowing rate for similar types of instruments. Refer to the respective valuation section within this footnote for valuation information related to long-term debt that the Company measures at fair value. For level 3 debt, the terms are unique in nature or there are no similar instruments that can be used to value the instrument without using significant unobservable assumptions. In these situations, the Company reviews current borrowing rates along with the collateral levels that secure the debt in determining an appropriate fair value adjustment.
Unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit are not included in the table above. At September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, the Company had $65.0$65.3 billion and $66.2$67.2 billion, respectively, of unfunded commercial loan commitments and letters of credit. A reasonable estimate of the fair value of these instruments is the carrying value of deferred fees plus the related unfunded commitments reserve, which was a combined $72$78 million and $66$71 million at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively. No active trading market exists for these instruments, and the estimated fair value does not include value associated with the borrower relationship. The Company does not estimate the fair values of consumer unfunded lending commitments which can generally be canceled by providing notice to the borrower.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



NOTE 15 – CONTINGENCIES
Litigation and Regulatory Matters
In the ordinary course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries are parties to numerous civil claims and lawsuits and subject to regulatory examinations, investigations, and requests for information. Some of these matters involve claims for substantial amounts. The Company’s experience has shown that the damages alleged by plaintiffs or claimants are often overstated, based on unsubstantiated legal theories, unsupported by facts, and/or bear no relation to the ultimate award that a court might grant. Additionally, the outcome of litigation and regulatory matters and the timing of ultimate resolution are inherently difficult to predict. These factors make it difficult for the Company to provide a meaningful estimate of the range of reasonably possible outcomes of claims in the aggregate or by individual claim. However, on a case-by-case basis, reserves are established for those legal claims in which it is probable that a loss will be incurred and the amount of such loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company's financial statements at September 30, 20162017 reflect the Company's current best estimate of probable losses associated with these matters, including costs to comply with various settlement agreements, where applicable.
The actual costs of resolving these claims may be substantially higher or lower than the amounts reserved.
For a limited number of legal matters in which the Company is involved, the Company is able to estimate a range of reasonably possible losses in excess of related reserves, if any. Management currently estimates these losses to range from $0 to approximately $190$160 million. This estimated range of reasonably possible losses represents the estimated possible losses over the life of such legal matters, which may span a currently indeterminable number of years, and is based on information available at September 30, 2016.2017. The matters underlying the estimated range will change from time to time, and actual results may vary significantly from this estimate. Those matters for which an estimate is not possible are not included within this estimated range; therefore, this estimated range does not represent the Company’s maximum loss exposure. Based on current knowledge, it is the opinion of management that liabilities arising from legal claims in excess of the amounts currently reserved, if any, will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



flows. However, in light of the significant uncertainties involved in these matters and the large or indeterminate damages sought in some of these matters, an adverse outcome in one or more of these matters could be material to the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows for any given reporting period.
The following is a description of certain litigation and regulatory matters:
Card Association Antitrust Litigation
The Company is a defendant, along with Visa and MasterCard, as well as several other banks, in several antitrust lawsuits challenging their practices. For a discussion regarding the Company’s involvement in this litigation matter, see Note 12, “Guarantees.”
Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc. Litigation
Beginning in October 2008, STRH, along with other underwriters and individuals, were named as defendants in several individual and putative class action complaints filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York and state and federal courts in Arkansas, California, Texas, and Washington. Plaintiffs alleged violations of Sections 11 and 12 of the Securities Act of 1933 and/or state law for allegedly false and misleading disclosures in connection with various debt and preferred stock offerings of Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc. ("Lehman Brothers") and sought unspecified damages. All cases were transferred for coordination to the multi-district litigation captioned In re Lehman Brothers Equity/Debt Securities Litigation pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. Defendants filed a motion to dismiss all claims asserted in the class action. On July 27, 2011, the District Court granted in part and denied in part the motion to dismiss the claims against STRH and the other underwriter defendants in the class action. A settlement with the class plaintiffs was approved by the Court and the class settlement approval process was completed. A number of individual lawsuits and smaller putative class actions remained following the class settlement. STRH settled two such individual actions. The other individual lawsuits were dismissed. In two of such dismissed individual actions, the plaintiffs were unable to appeal the dismissals of their claims until their claims against a third party were resolved. In one of these individual actions, the plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, but that appeal was denied on July 8, 2016. The plaintiff has filed a petition to appeal the decision to the U.S. Supreme Court. In the other individual action, no appeal has been filed.

Bickerstaff v. SunTrust Bank
This case was filed in the Fulton County State Court on July 12, 2010, and an amended complaint was filed on August 9, 2010. Plaintiff asserts that all overdraft fees charged to his account which related to debit card and ATM transactions are actually interest charges and therefore subject to the usury laws of Georgia. Plaintiff has brought claims for violations of civil and criminal usury laws, conversion, and money had and received, and purports to bring the action on behalf of all Georgia citizens who incurred such overdraft fees within the four years before the complaint was filed where the overdraft fee resulted in an
interest rate being charged in excess of the usury rate. The Bank filed a motion to compel arbitration and on March 16, 2012, the Court entered an order holding that the Bank's arbitration provision is enforceable but that the named plaintiff in the case had opted out of that provision pursuant to its terms. The Court explicitly stated that it was not ruling at that time on the question of whether the named plaintiff could have opted out for the putative class members. The Bank filed an appeal of this decision, but this appeal was dismissed based on a finding that the appeal was prematurely granted. On April 8, 2013, the plaintiff filed a motion for class certification and that motion was denied on February 19, 2014. Plaintiff appealed the denial of class certification and on September 8, 2015, the Georgia Supreme Court agreed to hear the appeal. On January 4, 2016, the Georgia Supreme Court heard oral argument on the appeal. On July 8, 2016, the Georgia Supreme Court reversed the Court of Appeals of Georgia and remanded the case for further proceedings. On October 6, 2017, the trial court granted plaintiff's motion for class certification. The Bank has until November 6, 2017 to appeal the trial court's decision.
Putative ERISA Class Actions
Company Stock Class Action
Beginning in July 2008, the Company and certain officers, directors, and employees of the Company were named in a putative class action alleging that they breached their fiduciary duties under ERISA by offering the Company's common stock as an investment option in the SunTrust Banks, Inc. 401(k) Plan (the “Plan”). The plaintiffs purportsought to represent all current and former Plan participants who held the Company stock in their Plan accounts from May 15, 2007 to March 30, 2011 and seek to recover alleged losses these participants supposedly incurred as a result of their investment in Company stock.
This case was originally filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida but was transferred to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, Atlanta Division (the “District Court”), in November 2008. On October 26, 2009, an amended complaint was filed. On December 9, 2009, defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint. On October 25, 2010, the District Court granted in part and denied in part defendants' motion to dismiss the amended complaint.
On April 14, 2011, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (“the Circuit Court”) granted defendants and plaintiffs permission to pursue interlocutory review in separate appeals. The Circuit Court subsequently stayed these appeals pending decision of a separate appeal involving The Home Depot
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



in which substantially similar issues are presented. On May 8, 2012, the Circuit Court decided that appeal in favor of The Home Depot. On March 5, 2013, the Circuit Court issued an order remanding the case to the District Court for further proceedings in light of its decision in The Home Depot case. On September 26, 2013, the District Court granted the defendants' motion to dismiss plaintiffs' claims. Plaintiffs filed an appeal of this decision in the Circuit Court. Subsequent to the filing of this appeal, the U.S. Supreme Court decided Fifth Third Bancorp v. Dudenhoeffer, which held that employee stock ownership plan fiduciaries receive no presumption of prudence with respect to employer stock plans. The Circuit Court remanded the case back to the District Court for further proceedings in light of Dudenhoeffer. On June 18, 2015, the Court entered an order

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



granting in part and denying in part the Company’s motion to dismiss. The discovery process has begun.
On August 17, 2016, the District Court entered an order that among other things granted certain of the plaintiffs' motion for class certification. According to the Order, the class is defined as "All persons, other than Defendants and members of their immediate families, who were participants in or beneficiaries of the SunTrust Banks, Inc. 401(k) Savings Plan (the "Plan") at any time between May 15, 2007 and March 30, 2011, inclusive (the "Class Period") and whose accounts included investments in SunTrust common stock ("SunTrust Stock") during that time period and who sustained a loss to their account as a result of the investment in SunTrust Stock."
On August 1, 2016, certain non-fiduciary defendants filed a motion for summary judgment as it relates to them, which was granted by the District Court on October 5, 2016. Discovery is ongoing.
Mutual Funds Class Actions
On March 11, 2011, the Company and certain officers, directors, and employees of the Company were named in a putative class action alleging that they breached their fiduciary duties under ERISA by offering certain STI Classic Mutual Funds as investment options in the Plan. The plaintiffs purport to represent all current and former Plan participants who held the STI Classic Mutual Funds in their Plan accounts from April 2002 through December 2010 and seek to recover alleged losses these Plan participants supposedly incurred as a result of their investment in the STI Classic Mutual Funds. This action is pending in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, Atlanta Division (the “District Court”). On June 6, 2011, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint, and, on June 20, 2011, defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint. On March 12, 2012, the Court granted in part and denied in part the motion to dismiss. The Company filed a subsequent motion to dismiss the remainder of the case on the ground that the Court lacked subject matter jurisdiction over the remaining claims. On October 30, 2012, the Court dismissed all claims in this action. Immediately thereafter, plaintiffs' counsel initiated a substantially similar lawsuit against the Company naming two new plaintiffs and also filed an appeal of the dismissal with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. The Company filed a motion to dismiss in the new action and this motion was granted. On February 26, 2014, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit upheld the District Court's dismissal. On March 18, 2014, the plaintiffs' counsel filed a motion for reconsideration with the Eleventh Circuit. On
August 26, 2014, plaintiffs in the original action filed a Motion for Consolidation of Appeals requesting that the Court consider this appeal jointly with the appeal in the second action. This motion was granted on October 9, 2014 and plaintiffs filed their consolidated appeal on December 16, 2014.
On June 27, 2014, the Company and certain current and former officers, directors, and employees of the Company were named in another putative class action alleging breach of fiduciary duties associated with the inclusion of STI Classic Mutual Funds as investment options in the Plan. This case, Brown, et al. v. SunTrust Banks, Inc., et al., was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. On September 3, 2014, the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia issued an order transferring the case to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia. On November 12, 2014, the Court
granted plaintiffs’ motion to stay this case until the U.S. Supreme Court issued a decision in Tibble v. Edison International. On May 18, 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court decided Tibble and held that plan fiduciaries have a duty, separate and apart from investment selection, to monitor and remove imprudent investments.
After Tibble, the cases pending on appeal were remanded to the District Court. On March 25, 2016, a consolidated amended complaint was filed, consolidating all of these pending actions into one case. The Company filed an answer to the consolidated amended complaint on June 6, 2016 and discovery is ongoing.

Intellectual Ventures II v. SunTrust Banks, Inc. and SunTrust Bank
This action was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia on July 24, 2013. Plaintiff alleges that SunTrust violates one or more of severalfive patents held by plaintiff in connection with SunTrust’s provision of online banking services and other systems and services. Plaintiff seeks damages for alleged patent infringement of an unspecified amount, as well as attorney’s fees and expenses. The matter was stayed on October 7, 2014 pending inter partes review of a number of the claims asserted against SunTrust. On August 1, 2017, plaintiff dismissed its claims regarding four of the five patents.

Consent Order with the Federal Reserve
On April 13, 2011, SunTrust, SunTrust Bank, and STM entered into a Consent Order with the FRB in which SunTrust, SunTrust Bank, and STM agreed to strengthen oversight of, and improve risk management, internal audit, and compliance programs concerning the residential mortgage loan servicing, loss mitigation, and foreclosure activities of STM.
On July 25, 2014, the FRB imposed a $160 million civil money penalty as a result of the FRB’s review of the Company’s residential mortgage loan servicing and foreclosure processing practices that preceded the Consent Order. The Company expects to satisfy the entirety ofbelieves that it has fully satisfied this assessed penalty by providinghaving provided consumer relief and certain cash payments as contemplated by the settlement with the U.S. and the States Attorneys'states' Attorneys General regarding certain mortgage servicing claims, discussed below at “United States Mortgage Servicing Settlement.” SunTrust continues its engagement with the FRB to demonstrate compliance with its commitments under the Consent Order.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



United States Mortgage Servicing Settlement
In the second quarter of 2014, STM and the U.S., through the DOJ, HUD, and Attorneys General for several states, reached a final settlement agreement related to the National Mortgage Servicing Settlement. The settlement agreement became effective on September 30, 2014 when the court entered the Consent Judgment. Pursuant to the settlements, STM made $50 million in cash payments and committed to provide $500 million of consumer relief by the fourth quarter of 2017 and to implement certain mortgage servicing standards. While subject to confirmation bySTM implemented all of the prescribed servicing standards within the required timeframes. In an August 10, 2017 report, the independent Office of Mortgage Settlement Oversight (“OMSO”("OMSO"), appointed to review and certify compliance with the provisions of the settlement, confirmed that the Company believes it has fulfilled its consumer relief commitments. STM also implemented all of the prescribed servicing standards within the required timeframes. ComplianceSTM's compliance with the servicing standards continues to be monitored, tested, and reported

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



quarterly by an internal review group and semi-annually by the OMSO. As a result, theThe Company does not expect to incur additional costs in satisfying its consumer relief obligations or implementation of the servicing standards associated with remaining servicing standard obligations to have a material impact on the settlement.

DOJ Investigation of GSE Loan Origination Practices
In January 2014, STM received notice from the DOJ of an investigation regarding the origination and underwriting of single family residential mortgage loans sold by STM to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The DOJ and STM have not yet engaged in any material dialogue about how this matter may proceed and no allegations have been raised against STM. STM continues to cooperate with the investigation.Company's financial results.

Residential Funding Company, LLC v. SunTrust Mortgage, Inc.
STM has been named as a defendant in a complaint filed December 17, 2013 in the Southern District of New York by Residential Funding Company, LLC ("RFC"), a Chapter 11 debtor-affiliate of GMAC Mortgage, LLC, alleging breaches of representations and warranties made in connection with loan sales and seeking indemnification against losses allegedly suffered by RFC as a result of such alleged breaches. The case was transferred to the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York. On August 1, 2017, the parties reached an agreement to resolve the matter and it is now closed. The litigation remains active insettlement did not have a material impact on the Bankruptcy Court and discovery has commenced.
SunTrust Mortgage Reinsurance Class Actions
STM and Twin Rivers Insurance Company ("Twin Rivers") have been named as defendants in two putative class actions alleging that the companies entered into illegal “captive reinsurance” arrangements with private mortgage insurers. More specifically, plaintiffs allege that SunTrust’s selection of private mortgage insurers who agree to reinsure with Twin Rivers certain loans referred to them by SunTrustCompany's financial results in illegal “kickbacks” in the form of the insurance premiums paid to Twin Rivers. Plaintiffs contend that this arrangement violates the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (“RESPA”) and results in unjust enrichment to the detriment of borrowers. The first of these cases, Thurmond, Christopher, et al. v. SunTrust Banks, Inc. et al., was filed in February 2011 in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. This case was stayed by the Court pending the outcome of Edwards v. First American Financial Corporation, a captive reinsurance case that was pending before the U.S. Supreme Court at the time. The second of these cases, Acosta, Lemuel & Maria Ventrella et al. v. SunTrust Bank, SunTrust Mortgage, Inc., et al., was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California in December 2011. This case was stayed pending a decision in the Edwards case also. In June 2012,
the U.S. Supreme Court withdrew its grant of certiorari in Edwardsthree and as a result, the stays in these cases were lifted. SunTrust has filed a motion to dismiss the Thurmond case which was granted in part and denied in part, allowing limited discovery surrounding the argument that the statute of limitations for certain claims should be equitably tolled. Thurmond has been stayed pending a ruling in a similar case currently before the Third Circuit. The Acosta plaintiffs have voluntarily dismissed their case.nine months ended September 30, 2017.
United States Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York Foreclosure Expense Investigation
In April 2013, STM has beenbegan cooperating with the United States Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York (the "Southern District") in a broad-based industry investigation regarding claims for foreclosure-related expenses charged by law firms in connection with the foreclosure of loans guaranteed or insured by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, or FHA. The investigation relates to a private litigant qui tam lawsuit filed under seal and remains in early stages. The Southern District has not yet advised STM how it will proceed in this matter. The
Southern District and STM engaged in dialogue regarding potential resolution of this matter as part of the National Mortgage Servicing Settlement, but were unable to reach agreement.
LR Trust v. SunTrust Banks, Inc., et al.
In November 2016, the Company and certain officers and directors were named as defendants in a shareholder derivative action alleging that defendants failed to take action related to activities at issue in the National Mortgage Servicing, HAMP, and FHA Originations settlements, and certain other legal matters or to ensure that the alleged activities in each were remedied and otherwise appropriately addressed. Plaintiff sought an award in favor of the Company for the amount of damages sustained by the Company, disgorgement of alleged benefits obtained by defendants, and enhancements to corporate governance and internal controls. On September 18, 2017, the court dismissed this matter and on October 16, 2017, Plaintiff filed an appeal.

Felix v. SunTrust Mortgage, Inc.SEC Investment Adviser 12b-1 Fees
This putative class action was filed against STM on April 4, 2016. Plaintiff alleges that STM breaches its contract with borrowers when it collects interest on FHA loans at repayment because STM fails to use an approved FHA notice form. Plaintiff also alleges that STM violatesThe SEC Division of Enforcement investigated whether STIS committed fraud under the Georgia usury statuteInvestment Advisers Act of 1940 ("IAA"), by collecting such interest. Plaintiff attempts to bring the breach of contract claimpurchasing mutual fund shares on behalf of all borrowersclients that imposed an SEC Rule 12b-1 marketing fee on the investment if share classes existed which did not impose such a fee, and informed the usury claim on behalfCompany that it made a preliminary determination to recommend that the SEC bring an enforcement action against STIS. Specifically, the proposed action would allege violations of Georgia borrowers. PlaintiffSections 206(1), 206(2), 206(4), and STM reached207 of the IAA and Rule 206(4)-7 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
On September 14, 2017, pursuant to a settlement agreed to by the parties, the SEC issued an administrative order against STIS, instituting administrative and cease and desist proceedings pursuant to Section 15(b) of the action with the class,Exchange Act and the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia granted preliminary approvalSections 203(e) and 203(k) of the settlement on September 9, 2016.IAA, making findings and imposing remedial sanctions and a cease and desist order (the "OIP"). The settlement terms had an insignificant impact onOIP imposed a civil monetary penalty of $1.1 million upon STIS and required STIS to refund to current and former clients $1.3 million of avoidable 12b-1 fees they paid, including interest. Refunds to the Company's financial position. A hearing on final approval has been scheduled for February 6, 2017.
Northern District of Georgia Investigationaffected clients are substantially complete.
On April 28, 2016,September 14, 2017, the Bank receivedSEC Division of Corporation Finance notified the Company that its request for a subpoena fromwaiver of ineligible issuer status under Rule 405 of the United States Attorney’s Office forSecurities Act of 1933 had been granted and that its status as a well-known seasoned issuer would continue notwithstanding issuance of the Northern District of Georgia in connection with an investigation pertaining to a suspected embezzlement by an employee of a SunTrust business client. The subpoena requests information regarding the Bank’s Anti-Money Laundering and Bank Secrecy Act compliance processes to detect such crimes by employees of business clients. The Company is cooperating with the investigation.OIP.



Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



NOTE 16 - BUSINESS SEGMENT REPORTING
The Company measures business activity across threetwo segments: Consumer Banking and Private Wealth Management, Wholesale Banking, and Mortgage Banking,, with functional activities included in Corporate Other. BusinessIn the second quarter of 2017, the Company realigned its business segment structure from three segments are determinedto two segments based on, the products and services provided or the type of client served, and they reflectamong other things, the manner in which financial information is evaluated by management. management and in conjunction with Company-wide organizational changes that were announced during the first quarter of 2017. Specifically, the Company retained the previous composition of the Wholesale Banking segment and changed the basis of presentation of the Consumer Banking and Private Wealth Management segment and Mortgage Banking segment such that those segments were combined into a single Consumer segment.
The following is a description of the segments and their primary businesses.businesses at September 30, 2017.

The Consumer Banking and Private Wealth Management segment is made up of threefour primary businesses:
Consumer Banking provides services to individual consumers and branch-managed small business clients through an extensive network of traditional and in-store branches, ATMs, the internet (www.suntrust.com), mobile banking, and by telephone (1-800-SUNTRUST). Financial products and services offered to consumers and small business clients include deposits and payments, loans, brokerage, and various fee-based services. Discount/online and full-service brokerage products are offered to individual clients through STIS. Consumer Banking also serves as an entry point for clients and provides services for other lines of business.businesses.
Consumer Lending offers an array of lending products to individual consumers and small business clients via the Company's Consumer Banking and Private Wealth ManagementPWM businesses, through the internet (www.suntrust.com and www.lightstream.com), as well as through various national offices and partnerships. Products offered include home equity lines, personal credit lines and loans, direct auto, indirect auto, student lending, credit cards, and other lending products.
PWM provides a full array of wealth management products and professional services to both individual consumers and institutional clients, including loans, deposits, brokerage, professional investment management,advisory, and trust services to clients seeking active management of their financial resources. Institutional clients are served by the Institutional Investment Solutions business. Discount/online and full-service brokerage products are offered to individual clients through STIS. Investment advisory products and services are offered to clients by STAS, an SEC registered investment advisor. PWM also includes GenSpring, which provides family office solutions to ultra-high net worth individuals and their families. Utilizing teams of multi-disciplinary specialists with expertise in investments, tax, accounting, estate planning, and other wealth management disciplines, GenSpring helps families manage and sustain wealth across multiple generations.
Mortgage Banking offers residential mortgage products nationally through its retail and correspondent channels, the internet (www.suntrust.com), and by telephone (1-800-SUNTRUST). These products are either sold in the
secondary market, primarily with servicing rights retained, or held in the Company’s loan portfolio. Mortgage Banking also services loans for other investors, in addition to loans held in the Company’s loan portfolio.

The Wholesale Banking segment is made up of fourthree primary businesses:businesses and the Treasury & Payment Solutions product group:
CIB delivers comprehensive capital markets solutions, including advisory, capital raising, and financial risk management, with the goal of serving the needs of both public and private companies in the Wholesale Banking segment and PWM business. Investment Banking and Corporate Banking teams within CIB serve clients across the nation, offering a full suite of traditional banking and investment banking products and services to companies
with annual revenues typically greater than $150 million. Investment Banking serves select industry segments including consumer and retail, energy, financial services, healthcare, industrials, and technology, media and communications. Corporate Banking serves clients across diversified industry sectors based on size, complexity, and frequency of capital markets issuance. Also managed within CIB is the Equipment Finance Group, which provides lease financing solutions (through SunTrust Equipment Finance & Leasing).
Commercial & Business Banking offers an array of traditional banking products, including lending, cash management and investment banking solutions via STRH to commercial clients (generally clients with revenues between $1 million and $150 million), not-for-profit organizations, and governmental entities, as well as auto dealer financing (floor plan inventory financing). Also managed within Commercial & Business Banking is the Premium Assignment Corporation,PAC, which provides corporate insurance premium financing solutions.
In September 2017, the Company announced that it reached a definitive agreement to sell its PAC subsidiary. PAC had $1.3 billion in assets at September 30, 2017. The sale is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2017, subject to various customary closing conditions.
Commercial Real Estate provides a full range of financial solutions for commercial real estate developers, owners, and investors,operators, including construction, mini-perm, and permanent real estate financing, as well as tailored financing and equity investment solutions via STRH. The institutionalWith the acquisition of the assets of Pillar in December of 2016, commercial real estate teamalso provides multi-family agency lending and servicing, as well as loan administration, advisory, and commercial mortgage brokerage services. The Institutional Property Group business targets relationships with institutionalREITs, pension fund advisors, private funds, homebuilders, and insurance companies and the regional teamRegional business focuses on private real estate owners and developers through a regional delivery structure. Commercial Real Estate also offers tailored financing and equity investment solutions for community development
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



and affordable housing projects through STCC, with particular expertise in Low Income Housing Tax Credits and New Market Tax Credits.
Treasury & Payment Solutions provides all SunTrust businessWholesale clients with services required to manage their payments and receipts, combined with the ability to manage and optimize their deposits across all aspects of their business. Treasury & Payment Solutions operates all electronic and paper payment types, including card, wire transfer, ACH, check, and cash. It also provides clients the means to manage their accounts electronically online, both domestically and internationally.

Mortgage Banking offers residential mortgage products nationally through its retail and correspondent channels, the internet (www.suntrust.com), and by telephone (1-800-SUNTRUST). These products are either sold in the secondary market, primarily with servicing rights retained, or held in the Company’s loan portfolio. Mortgage Banking also services loans for other investors, in addition to loans held in the Company’s loan portfolio.
Corporate Other includes management of the Company’s investment securities portfolio, long-term debt, end user derivative instruments, short-term liquidity and funding activities, balance sheet risk management, and most real estate

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



assets. Additionally, Corporate Other includes the Company's functional activities such as marketing, SunTrust online, human resources, finance, Enterprise Risk,ER, legal and compliance, communications, procurement, enterprise information services, corporate real estate, and executive management.
Because business segment results are presented based on management accounting practices, the transition to the consolidated results which are prepared under U.S. GAAP creates certain differences, which are reflected in Reconciling Items. Business segment reporting conventions are described below.below:
Net interest income-FTE – is reconciled from net interest income and is presentedgrossed-up on an FTE basis to make income from tax-exempt assets comparable to other taxable products. Segment results reflect matched maturity funds transfer pricing, which ascribes credits or charges based on the economic value or cost created by assets and liabilities of each segment. Differences between these credits and charges are captured as reconciling items. The change in this variance is generally attributable to corporate balance sheet management strategies.
Provision/(benefit) for credit losses – represents net charge-offs by segment combined with an allocation to the segments for the provision/(benefit) attributable to each segment's quarterly change in the ALLL and unfunded commitments reserve balances.
Noninterest income – includes federal and state tax credits that are grossed-up on a pre-tax equivalent basis, related primarily to certain community development investments.
Provision for income taxes-FTE – is calculated using a blended income tax rate for each segment. This calculationsegment and includes the impactreversals of various adjustments, such as the reversal of the FTE gross up on tax-exempt assets, tax adjustments and credits that are unique to each segment.
described above. The difference between the calculated provision for income taxes at the segment level and the consolidated provision for income taxes is reported as reconciling items.
The segment’s financial performance is comprised of direct financial results and allocations for various corporate functions that provide management an enhanced view of the segment’s financial performance. Internal allocations include the following:
Operational costs – expenses are charged to segments based on a methodical activity-based costing process, which also allocates residual expenses to the segments. Generally, recoveries of these costs are reported in Corporate Other.
Support and overhead costs – expenses not directly attributable to a specific segment are allocated based on various drivers (number of equivalent employees, number of PCs/laptops, net revenue, etc.). Recoveries for these allocations are reported in Corporate Other.
Sales and referral credits – segments may compensate another segment for referring or selling certain products. The majority of the revenue resides in the segment where the product is ultimately managed.
The application and development of management reporting methodologies is an active process and undergoes periodic enhancements. The implementation of these enhancements to the internal management reporting methodology may materially affect the results disclosed for each segment, with no impact on consolidated results. If significant changes to management reporting methodologies take place, the impact of these changes is quantified and prior period information is reclassified,revised, when practicable.
In the second quarter of 2017, in conjunction with the aforementioned business segment structure realignment, the Company made certain adjustments to its internal funds transfer pricing methodology. Prior period information was revised to conform to the new business segment structure and the updated internal funds transfer pricing methodology.


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



 Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
(Dollars in millions)Consumer
Banking and
Private Wealth
Management
 Wholesale Banking Mortgage Banking Corporate Other Reconciling
Items
 Consolidated
Balance Sheets:           
Average loans
$43,405
 
$71,634
 
$27,146
 
$74
 
($2) 
$142,257
Average consumer and commercial deposits95,924
 55,921
 3,374
 157
 (63) 155,313
Average total assets49,085
 85,772
 31,202
 32,480
 2,937
 201,476
Average total liabilities96,492
 61,541
 3,744
 15,351
 (62) 177,066
Average total equity
 
 
 
 24,410
 24,410
            
Statements of Income:           
Net interest income
$721
 
$461
 
$111
 
$21
 
($6) 
$1,308
FTE adjustment
 33
 
 1
 
 34
Net interest income - FTE 1
721
 494
 111
 22
 (6) 1,342
Provision/(benefit) for credit losses 2
30
 68
 (1) 
 
 97
Net interest income after provision/(benefit) for credit losses - FTE691
 426
 112
 22
 (6) 1,245
Total noninterest income387
 320
 167
 20
 (5) 889
Total noninterest expense790
 427
 196
 1
 (5) 1,409
Income before provision for income taxes - FTE288
 319
 83
 41
 (6) 725
Provision for income taxes - FTE 3
108
 95
 31
 12
 3
 249
Net income including income attributable to noncontrolling interest180
 224
 52
 29
 (9) 476
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
 
 
 2
 
 2
Net income
$180
 
$224
 
$52
 
$27
 
($9) 
$474

Three Months Ended September 30, 2015Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
(Dollars in millions)Consumer
Banking and
Private Wealth
Management
 Wholesale Banking Mortgage Banking Corporate Other Reconciling
Items
 ConsolidatedConsumer Wholesale Corporate Other Reconciling
Items
 Consolidated
Balance Sheets:                    
Average loans
$40,189
 
$67,291
 
$25,299
 
$69
 
($11) 
$132,837

$73,378
 
$71,255
 
$76
 
($3) 
$144,706
Average consumer and commercial deposits91,039
 51,194
 2,918
 104
 (29) 145,226
103,066
 56,211
 202
 (60) 159,419
Average total assets45,887
 80,067
 29,280
 29,895
 3,212
 188,341
83,161
 85,280
 34,763
 2,534
 205,738
Average total liabilities91,689
 56,627
 3,290
 13,362
 (11) 164,957
103,964
 61,820
 15,388
 (7) 181,165
Average total equity
 
 
 
 23,384
 23,384

 
 
 24,573
 24,573
           
Statements of Income:                    
Net interest income
$688
 
$452
 
$123
 
$41
 
($93) 
$1,211

$941
 
$571
 
($23) 
($59) 
$1,430
FTE adjustment
 35
 
 1
 
 36

 36
 1
 
 37
Net interest income - FTE 1
688
 487
 123
 42
 (93) 1,247
Net interest income-FTE 1
941
 607
 (22) (59) 1,467
Provision/(benefit) for credit losses 2
22
 47
 (38) 
 1
 32
136
 (16) 
 
 120
Net interest income after provision/(benefit) for credit losses - FTE666
 440
 161
 42
 (94) 1,215
Net interest income after provision/(benefit) for credit losses-FTE805
 623
 (22) (59) 1,347
Total noninterest income384
 292
 109
 29
 (3) 811
473
 406
 19
 (52) 846
Total noninterest expense730
 383
 153
 1
 (3) 1,264
899
 459
 39
 (6) 1,391
Income before provision for income taxes - FTE320
 349
 117
 70
 (94) 762
Provision for income taxes - FTE 3
119
 113
 11
 24
 (44) 223
Income before provision for income taxes-FTE379
 570
 (42) (105) 802
Provision for income taxes-FTE 3
138
 211
 (22) (65) 262
Net income including income attributable to noncontrolling interest201
 236
 106
 46
 (50) 539
241
 359
 (20) (40) 540
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
 
 
 2
 
 2

 
 2
 
 2
Net income
$201
 
$236
 
$106
 
$44
 
($50) 
$537

$241
 
$359
 
($22) 
($40) 
$538
1 Presented on a matched maturity funds transfer price basis for the segments.
2 Provision/(benefit) for credit losses represents net charge-offs by segment combined with an allocation to the segments for the provision/(benefit) attributable to quarterly changes in the ALLL and unfunded commitment reserve balances.
3 Includes regular provision for income taxes as well as FTE income and tax credit adjustment reversals.

 
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 1
(Dollars in millions)Consumer Wholesale Corporate Other Reconciling
Items
 Consolidated
Balance Sheets:         
Average loans
$70,560
 
$71,625
 
$74
 
($2) 
$142,257
Average consumer and commercial deposits99,730
 55,489
 157
 (63) 155,313
Average total assets80,298
 85,762
 32,479
 2,937
 201,476
Average total liabilities100,698
 61,078
 15,351
 (61) 177,066
Average total equity
 
 
 24,410
 24,410
Statements of Income:         
Net interest income
$872
 
$505
 
$23
 
($92) 
$1,308
FTE adjustment
 34
 1
 (1) 34
Net interest income-FTE 2
872
 539
 24
 (93) 1,342
Provision for credit losses 3
29
 68
 
 
 97
Net interest income after provision for credit losses-FTE843
 471
 24
 (93) 1,245
Total noninterest income555
 355
 20
 (41) 889
Total noninterest expense985
 424
 4
 (4) 1,409
Income before provision for income taxes-FTE413
 402
 40
 (130) 725
Provision for income taxes-FTE 4
155
 150
 12
 (68) 249
Net income including income attributable to noncontrolling interest258
 252
 28
 (62) 476
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
 
 2
 
 2
Net income
$258
 
$252
 
$26
 
($62) 
$474
1 Beginning in the second quarter of 2017, the Company realigned its business segment structure from three segments to two segments. Specifically, the Company retained the previous composition of the Wholesale Banking segment and changed the basis of presentation of the Consumer Banking and Private Wealth Management segment and Mortgage Banking segment such that those segments were combined into a single Consumer segment. Accordingly, business segment information presented for the three months ended September 30, 2016 has been revised to conform to the new business segment structure and updated internal funds transfer pricing methodology for consistent presentation.
2 Presented on a matched maturity funds transfer price basis for the segments.
3 Provision for credit losses represents net charge-offs by segment combined with an allocation to the segments for the provision attributable to quarterly changes in the ALLL and taxable-equivalentunfunded commitment reserve balances.
4 Includes regular provision for income taxes as well as FTE income and tax credit adjustment reversal.reversals.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
(Dollars in millions)Consumer
Banking and
Private Wealth
Management
 Wholesale Banking Mortgage Banking Corporate Other Reconciling
Items
 Consolidated
Balance Sheets:           
Average loans
$42,502
 
$71,499
 
$26,563
 
$66
 
($2) 
$140,628
Average consumer and commercial deposits95,389
 54,564
 2,896
 122
 (60) 152,911
Average total assets48,190
 85,402
 30,178
 31,510
 2,333
 197,613
Average total liabilities95,975
 60,295
 3,274
 14,019
 (26) 173,537
Average total equity
 
 
 
 24,076
 24,076
            
Statements of Income:           
Net interest income
$2,124
 
$1,362
 
$334
 
$79
 
($22) 
$3,877
FTE adjustment
 103
 
 2
 
 105
Net interest income - FTE 1
2,124
 1,465
 334
 81
 (22) 3,982
Provision/(benefit) for credit losses 2
107
 253
 (17) 
 
 343
Net interest income after provision/(benefit) for credit losses - FTE2,017
 1,212
 351
 81
 (22) 3,639
Total noninterest income1,108
 906
 457
 112
 (14) 2,569
Total noninterest expense2,293
 1,253
 547
 (6) (15) 4,072
Income before provision for income taxes - FTE832
 865
 261
 199
 (21) 2,136
Provision for income taxes - FTE 3
310
 264
 99
 55
 (12) 716
Net income including income attributable to noncontrolling interest522
 601
 162
 144
 (9) 1,420
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
 
 
 7
 
 7
Net income
$522
 
$601
 
$162
 
$137
 
($9) 
$1,413

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
(Dollars in millions)Consumer
Banking and
Private Wealth
Management
 Wholesale Banking Mortgage Banking Corporate Other Reconciling
Items
 ConsolidatedConsumer Wholesale Corporate Other Reconciling
Items
 Consolidated
Balance Sheets:                    
Average loans
$40,539
 
$67,565
 
$24,847
 
$58
 
($9) 
$133,000

$72,200
 
$72,005
 
$74
 
($3) 
$144,276
Average consumer and commercial deposits90,919
 49,142
 2,754
 106
 (52) 142,869
102,686
 56,326
 162
 (29) 159,145
Average total assets46,511
 80,734
 28,595
 29,493
 3,302
 188,635
82,071
 85,638
 34,420
 2,704
 204,833
Average total liabilities91,557
 54,872
 3,139
 15,870
 (69) 165,369
103,616
 61,990
 15,089
 7
 180,702
Average total equity
 
 
 
 23,266
 23,266

 
 
 24,131
 24,131
           
Statements of Income:                    
Net interest income
$2,028
 
$1,328
 
$366
 
$106
 
($310) 
$3,518

$2,748
 
$1,670
 
($17) 
($202) 
$4,199
FTE adjustment
 104
 
 2
 1
 107

 105
 2
 
 107
Net interest income - FTE 1
2,028
 1,432
 366
 108
 (309) 3,625
Provision/(benefit) for credit losses 2
101
 73
 (61) 
 1
 114
Net interest income after provision/(benefit) for credit losses - FTE1,927
 1,359
 427
 108
 (310) 3,511
Net interest income-FTE 1
2,748
 1,775
 (15) (202) 4,306
Provision for credit losses 2
299
 31
 
 
 330
Net interest income after provision for credit losses-FTE2,449
 1,744
 (15) (202) 3,976
Total noninterest income1,136
 914
 346
 118
 (11) 2,503
1,401
 1,194
 59
 (134) 2,520
Total noninterest expense2,195
 1,165
 510
 15
 (13) 3,872
2,832
 1,399
 26
 (14) 4,243
Income before provision for income taxes - FTE868
 1,108
 263
 211
 (308) 2,142
Provision for income taxes - FTE 3
323
 371
 44
 75
 (127) 686
Income before provision for income taxes-FTE1,018
 1,539
 18
 (322) 2,253
Provision for income taxes-FTE 3
367
 572
 (26) (200) 713
Net income including income attributable to noncontrolling interest545
 737
 219
 136
 (181) 1,456
651
 967
 44
 (122) 1,540
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
 
 
 7
 
 7

 
 7
 
 7
Net income
$545
 
$737
 
$219
 
$129
 
($181) 
$1,449

$651
 
$967
 
$37
 
($122) 
$1,533
1 Presented on a matched maturity funds transfer price basis for the segments.
2 Provision/(benefit)Provision for credit losses represents net charge-offs by segment combined with an allocation to the segments for the provision/(benefit)provision attributable to quarterly changes in the ALLL and unfunded commitment reserve balances.
3 Includes regular provision for income taxes as well as FTE income and tax credit adjustment reversals.

 
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 1
(Dollars in millions)Consumer Wholesale Corporate Other Reconciling
Items
 Consolidated
Balance Sheets:         
Average loans
$69,075
 
$71,489
 
$66
 
($2) 
$140,628
Average consumer and commercial deposits98,751
 54,099
 122
 (61) 152,911
Average total assets78,378
 85,392
 31,510
 2,333
 197,613
Average total liabilities99,746
 59,798
 14,019
 (26) 173,537
Average total equity
 
 
 24,076
 24,076
Statements of Income:         
Net interest income
$2,578
 
$1,488
 
$83
 
($272) 
$3,877
FTE adjustment
 103
 2
 
 105
Net interest income-FTE 2
2,578
 1,591
 85
 (272) 3,982
Provision for credit losses 3
90
 253
 
 
 343
Net interest income after provision for credit losses-FTE2,488
 1,338
 85
 (272) 3,639
Total noninterest income1,568
 996
 112
 (107) 2,569
Total noninterest expense2,839
 1,243
 3
 (13) 4,072
Income before provision for income taxes-FTE1,217
 1,091
 194
 (366) 2,136
Provision for income taxes-FTE 4
455
 407
 54
 (200) 716
Net income including income attributable to noncontrolling interest762
 684
 140
 (166) 1,420
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
 
 7
 
 7
Net income
$762
 
$684
 
$133
 
($166) 
$1,413
1 Beginning in the second quarter of 2017, the Company realigned its business segment structure from three segments to two segments. Specifically, the Company retained the previous composition of the Wholesale Banking segment and changed the basis of presentation of the Consumer Banking and Private Wealth Management segment and Mortgage Banking segment such that those segments were combined into a single Consumer segment. Accordingly, business segment information presented for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 has been revised to conform to the new business segment structure and updated internal funds transfer pricing methodology for consistent presentation.
2 Presented on a matched maturity funds transfer price basis for the segments.
3 Provision for credit losses represents net charge-offs by segment combined with an allocation to the segments for the provision attributable to quarterly changes in the ALLL and taxable-equivalentunfunded commitment reserve balances.
4 Includes regular provision for income taxes as well as FTE income and tax credit adjustment reversal.reversals.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued




NOTE 17 - ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS)/INCOME
Changes in the components of AOCI, net of tax, are presented in the following table:
(Dollars in millions)Securities AFS Derivative Instruments Long-Term Debt Employee Benefit Plans TotalSecurities AFS Derivative Instruments Brokered Time Deposits Long-Term Debt Employee Benefit Plans Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017           
Balance, beginning of period
($5) 
($168) 
($1) 
($7) 
($596) 
($777)
Net unrealized gains arising during the period40
 6
 
 1
 
 47
Amounts reclassified to net income
 (8) 
 
 3
 (5)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax40
 (2) 
 1
 3
 42
Balance, end of period
$35
 
($170) 
($1) 
($6) 
($593) 
($735)
           
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016                    
Balance, beginning of period
$550
 
$310
 
($7) 
($620) 
$233

$550
 
$310
 
$—
 
($7) 
($620) 
$233
Net unrealized losses arising during the period(32) (49) (3) 
 (84)(32) (49) 
 (3) 
 (84)
Amounts reclassified to net income
 (37) 
 3
 (34)
 (37) 
 
 3
 (34)
Other comprehensive (loss)/income, net of tax(32) (86) (3) 3
 (118)(32) (86) 
 (3) 3
 (118)
Balance, end of period
$518
 
$224
 
($10) 
($617) 
$115

$518
 
$224
 
$—
 
($10) 
($617) 
$115
                    
Three Months Ended September 30, 2015         
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017           
Balance, beginning of period
$183
 
$107
 
$—
 
($584) 
($294)
($62) 
($157) 
($1) 
($7) 
($594) 
($821)
Net unrealized gains arising during the period123
 128
 
 
 251
98
 38
 
 1
 
 137
Amounts reclassified to net income(4) (44) 
 3
 (45)(1) (51) 
 
 1
 (51)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax119
 84
 
 3
 206
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax97
 (13) 
 1
 1
 86
Balance, end of period
$302
 
$191
 
$—
 
($581) 
($88)
$35
 
($170) 
($1) 
($6) 
($593) 
($735)
                    
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016                    
Balance, beginning of period
$135
 
$87
 
$—
 
($682) 
($460)
$135
 
$87
 
$—
 
$—
 
($682)

($460)
Cumulative credit risk adjustment 1

 
 (5) 
 (5)
 
 
 (5) 
 (5)
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period386
 256
 (5) 
 637
386
 256
 
 (5) 
 637
Amounts reclassified to net income(3) (119) 
 65
 (57)(3) (119) 
 
 65
 (57)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax383
 137
 (5) 65
 580
383
 137
 
 (5) 65
 580
Balance, end of period
$518
 
$224
 
($10) 
($617) 
$115

$518
 
$224
 
$—
 
($10) 
($617) 
$115
         
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015         
Balance, beginning of period
$298
 
$97
 
$—
 
($517)

($122)
Net unrealized gains arising during the period17
 212
 
 
 229
Amounts reclassified to net income(13) (118) 
 (64) (195)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax4
 94
 
 (64) 34
Balance, end of period
$302
 
$191
 
$—
 
($581) 
($88)
1 Related to the Company's early adoption of the ASU 2016-01 provision related to changes in instrument-specific credit risk. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," for additional information.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Reclassifications from AOCI to net income, and the related tax effects, are presented in the following table:
(Dollars in millions) Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30 Impacted Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Income Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30 Impacted Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Income
Details About AOCI Components 2016 2015 2016 2015  2017 2016 2017 2016 
Securities AFS:                  
Realized gains on securities AFS 
$—
 
($7) 
($4) 
($21) Net securities gains 
$—
 
$—
 
($1) 
($4) Net securities gains
Tax effect 
 3
 1
 8
 Provision for income taxes 
 
 
 1
 Provision for income taxes
 
 (4) (3) (13)  
 
 (1) (3) 
         
Derivative Instruments:                  
Realized gains on cash flow hedges (59) (70) (190) (187) Interest and fees on loans (13) (59) (81) (190) Interest and fees on loans
Tax effect 22
 26
 71
 69
 Provision for income taxes 5
 22
 30
 71
 Provision for income taxes
 (37) (44) (119) (118) 
          (8) (37) (51) (119) 
Employee Benefit Plans:                  
Amortization of prior service credit (1) (1) (4) (4) Employee benefits (1) (1) (4) (4) Employee benefits
Amortization of actuarial loss 6
 5
 19
 16
 Employee benefits 6
 6
 18
 19
 Employee benefits
Adjustment to funded status of employee benefit obligation 
 
 89
 (120) Other assets/other liabilities 
 
 (10) 89
 Other assets/other liabilities
 5
 4
 104
 (108)  5
 5
 4
 104
 
Tax effect (2) (1) (39) 44
 Provision for income taxes (2) (2) (3) (39) Provision for income taxes
 3
 3
 65
 (64)  3
 3
 1
 65
 
                  
Total reclassifications from AOCI to net income 
($34) 
($45) 
($57)

($195)  
($5) 
($34) 
($51)

($57) 


Item 2.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION

Important Cautionary Statement About Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements. Statements regarding: (i) future levels of net interest margin, regulatory assessments, share repurchases,deposit costs, premium amortization, expenses, efficiency, delinquencies, charge-offs, hurricane related losses, the net charge-off ratio, the provision for loan losses, mortgage production volumes and income, the ratio of ALLL to period end loans, service charges on deposit accounts and the impact of an enhanced posting order process, net occupancy expense, net charge-offs, our capital ratios, and share repurchases; (ii) tangible efficiency ratio goals; (iii) the net charge-off ratio; (ii) future ratestiming of NPL formation and energy-related NPLs and charge-offs; (iii) future provision for loan losses exceeding net charge-offs;closing of our sale of PAC; (iv) future actions taken regarding the LCR and related effects,asset sensitivity of our balance sheet and our abilityexposure to comply withinterest rate risk in future regulatory requirements within regulatory timelines;periods; (v) our expectations regarding the return to accruing status for certain TDRs; (vi)future changes in the size and composition of the securities AFS portfolio; (vi) future issuances of preferred stock; (vii) efficiency goals,future impacts of ASUs not yet adopted; (viii) the timing of the closing and estimated financial effects of the Pillar acquisition, andprovision for income taxes; (ix) future profitable growthoptimization of the Wholesale Banking segmentour capital structure and balance sheet; and (x) future credit ratings and outlook, are forward-looking statements. Also, any statement that does not describe historical or current facts is a forward-looking statement. These statements often include the words “believes,“believe,“expects,“expect,“anticipates,“anticipate,“estimates,“estimate,“intends,“intend,“plans,“target,“targets,“forecast,“initiatives,“future,” “strategy,” “goal,” “initiative,” “plan,” “opportunity,” “potentially,” “probably,” “projects,“project,“outlook”“outlook,” or similar expressions or future conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would,” and “could.” Such statements are based upon the current beliefs and expectations of management and on information currently available to management. They speak as of the date hereof, and we do not assume any obligation to update the statements made herein or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those contained in such statements in light of new information or future events.
Forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Investors are cautioned against placing undue reliance on such statements. Actual results may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements can be found in Part I, Item 1A., "Risk Factors" ofin our 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K and also include risks discussed in this report and in other periodic reports that we file with the SEC. Additional factors include: current and future legislation and regulation could require us to change our business practices, reduce revenue, impose additional costs, or otherwise adversely affect business operations or competitiveness; we are subject to increasedstringent capital adequacy and liquidity requirements and our failure to meet these would adversely affect our financial condition; the fiscalmonetary and monetaryfiscal policies of the federal government and its agencies could have a material adverse effect on our earnings; our financial results have been, and may continue to be, materially affected by general economic conditions, and a deterioration of economic conditions or of the financial markets may materially adversely affect our lending and other businesses and our financial results and condition; changes in market interest rates or capital markets could adversely affect our revenue and
expenses, the value of assets and obligations, and the availability and cost of capital and liquidity; interest rates on our outstanding financial instruments might be subject to change based on regulatory developments, which could adversely affect our revenue, expenses, and the value of those financial instruments; our
earnings may be affected by volatility in mortgage production and servicing revenues, and by changes in carrying values of our MSRsservicing assets and mortgages held for sale due to changes in interest rates; disruptions in our ability to access global capital markets may adversely affect our capital resources and liquidity; we are subject to credit risk; we may have more credit risk and higher credit losses to the extent that our loans are concentrated by loan type, industry segment, borrower type, or location of the borrower or collateral; we rely on the mortgage secondary market and GSEs for some of our liquidity; loss of customer deposits could increase our funding costs; any reduction in our credit rating could increase the cost of our funding from the capital markets; we are subject to litigation, and our expenses related to this litigation may adversely affect our results; we may incur fines, penalties and other negative consequences from regulatory violations, possibly even inadvertent or unintentional violations; we are subject to certain risks related to originating and selling mortgages, and may be required to repurchase mortgage loans or indemnify mortgage loan purchasers as a result of breaches of representations and warranties, or borrower fraud, and this could harm our liquidity, results of operations, and financial condition; we face certain risks as a servicer of loans; we are subject to risks related to delays in the foreclosure process; clients could pursue alternatives to bank deposits, causing us to lose a relatively inexpensive source of funding; consumers and small businesses may decide not to use banks to complete their financial transactions, which could affect net income; we have businesses other than banking which subject us to a variety of risks; negative public opinion could damage our reputation and adversely impact business and revenues; we may face more intense scrutiny of our sales, training, and incentive compensation practices; we rely on other companies to provide key components of our business infrastructure; competition in the financial services industry is intense and we could lose business or suffer margin declines as a result; we continually encounter technological change and must effectively develop and implement new technology; maintaining or increasing market share depends on market acceptance and regulatory approval of new products and services; our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries or other investments could affect our liquidity and ability to pay dividends; any reduction in our credit rating could increase the cost of our funding from the capital markets; we have in the past and may in the future pursue acquisitions, which could affect costs and from which we may not be able to realize anticipated benefits; we depend on the expertise of key personnel, and if these individuals leave or change their roles without effective replacements, operations may suffer; we may not be able to hire or retain additional qualified personnel and recruiting and compensation costs may increase as a result of turnover, both of which may increase costs and reduce profitability and may adversely impact our ability to implement our business strategies; our framework for managing risks may not be effective in mitigating risk and loss to us; our controls and procedures may not prevent or detect all errors or acts of fraud; we are at risk of increased losses from fraud; our operational systems and infrastructure may fail or may be the subject of a breach or cyber-attack that could adversely affect our business; a disruption, breach, or failure in or breach of ourthe operational or security systems orand infrastructure or those of our third party vendors and other service providers, including as a result of cyber-attacks, could disrupt our businesses, resultadversely


in the disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary information, damageaffect our reputation, increase our costs and cause losses;business; the soundness of other financial institutions could adversely affect us; we depend on the accuracy and completeness of information about clients and counterparties; our accounting policies and processes are critical to how we report our financial condition and results of operation, and they require management to make estimates about matters that are uncertain; depressed market values for our stock and adverse economic conditions sustained over a period of time may require us to write down some portion of our goodwill; our financial instruments measured at fair value expose us to certain market risks; our stock price can be volatile; we might not pay dividends on our stock; our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries or other investments could affect our liquidity and ability to pay dividends; and certain banking laws and certain provisions of our articles of incorporation may have an anti-takeover effect.

INTRODUCTION
We are a leading provider of financial services with our headquarters located in Atlanta, Georgia. Our principal banking subsidiary, SunTrust Bank, offers a full line of financial services for consumers, businesses, corporations, and institutions, both through its branches (located primarily in Florida, Georgia, Maryland,Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Maryland, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and the District of Columbia) and through other national delivery channels. In addition to deposit, credit, and trust and investment services offered by the Bank, our other subsidiaries provide capital markets, mortgage banking, securities brokerage, online consumer lending, and asset and wealth management services. We operate threetwo business segments: Consumer Banking and Private Wealth Management, Wholesale, Banking, and Mortgage Banking, with our functional activities included in Corporate Other. See Note 16, "Business Segment Reporting," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for a description of our business segments. In additionsegments and related business segment structure realignment from three segments to deposit, credit, mortgage banking, and trust and investment services offered bytwo segments in the Bank, our other subsidiaries provide asset and wealth management, securities brokerage, and capital markets services.second quarter of 2017.
This MD&A is intended to assist readers in their analysis of the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and supplemental financial information. It should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q, as well as other information contained in this document and in our 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K. When we refer to “SunTrust,” “the Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us” in this narrative, we mean SunTrust Banks, Inc. and theits consolidated subsidiaries.
In the MD&A, consistent with SEC guidance in Industry Guide 3 that contemplates the calculation of tax exempt income on a tax equivalent basis, we present net interest income, net interest margin, total revenue, and efficiency ratios on an FTE basis. The FTE basis adjusts for the tax-favored status of net interest income from certain loans and investments using a federal tax rate of 35% and state income taxes, where applicable, to increase tax-exempt interest income to a taxable-equivalent basis. We believe this measure to be the preferred industry measurement of net interest income and that it enhances comparability of net interest income arising from taxable and tax-exempt sources. Additionally, we present other non-U.S. GAAP metrics to assist investors in understanding
management’s view of particular financial measures, as well as to align presentation of these financial measures with peers in the industry who may also provide a similar presentation.
Reconcilements for all non-U.S. GAAP measures are provided in Table 1.20.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
Financial Performance
We delivered solid revenue growth, across allimproved efficiency, and higher capital returns in the third quarter of 2017, resulting in strong EPS growth. Our performance was driven by consistent execution against our business segments, which helpedcore strategies and provides further evidence that our differentiated value proposition continues to offsetresonate with clients. Total revenue for the third quarter of 2017 increased 2% sequentially and 4% compared to the third quarter of 2016, driven largely by higher net interest income and strong investment banking performance.
Net interest income was $1.5 billion for the third quarter of 2017, an increase of 2% sequentially and 9% compared to the third quarter of 2016, due to net interest margin expansion and growth in expenses duringaverage earning assets. Noninterest income increased 2% sequentially and decreased 5% compared to the third quarter of 2016. EPS declined comparedThe sequential increase was due primarily to our continued success in meeting more of our clients' capital markets needs across the prior quarter andentire Wholesale segment, evidenced by the third quarter of 2015; however, the prior quarter and third quarter of 2015 included $0.05 and $0.11 per share, respectively, in discrete items that benefited earnings. Excluding these discrete benefits, EPS grew compared to both prior periods. Total revenue for the current quarter increased modestly compared to the prior quarter and increased 8% year-over-year driven by increases in both net interest income and noninterest income. Net interest income for the third quarter increased 8% year-over-year due to an$24 million increase in capital markets-related income as mergers and acquisitions advisory and equity offerings both average earning assets and net interest margin, while the 10%had strong quarters. The year-over-year increasedecrease in noninterest income was driven by lower mortgage-related income, offset partially by higher mortgageinvestment banking and capital markets-related income, partially offset by a decline in other noninterest income due to gains from the sale of loans and leases in the prior year quarter. The sequential quarter improvement in total revenue was driven by a 1% increase in net interest income, as well as growth in mortgage and capital markets-related income, which offset the effect of net asset-related gains recognized in the prior quarter.commercial real estate related income.
Our net interest margin declined threeincreased one basis point sequentially and 19 basis points sequentially, due largely to lower residential mortgage loan and security yields. The full effect of our second quarter of 2016 subordinated debt issuance, together with slightly higher deposit costs, also contributed to the sequential decline. Relativecompared to the third quarter of 2015, net interest margin increased two basis points to 2.96%, reflecting2016, driven primarily by higher earning asset yields arising from higher benchmark interest rates, in addition to acontinued favorable mix shift withinin the loanLHFI portfolio, and lower MBS premium amortization, offset partially by higher funding costs. Assuming a static rate environment,Looking forward to the fourth quarter of 2017, we expect net interest margin to decline by approximately twoone to three basis points inpoints. Beyond that, we anticipate future net interest margin expansion if the fourth quartershort end of 2016. We continuethe yield curve continues to carefully manage the duration of our balance sheet given the prolonged low interest rate environment, while also being cognizant of controlling interest rate risk.rise. See additional discussion related to revenue, noninterest income, and net interest income and margin in the "Noninterest Income" and "Net Interest Income/Margin" sections of this MD&A. Also in this MD&A, see Table 13,12, "Net Interest Income Asset Sensitivity," for an analysis of potential changes in net interest income due to instantaneous moves in benchmark interest rates.
Noninterest expense increased 5% sequentially,remained stable compared to the prior quarter and 11%declined $18 million, or 1%, compared to the third quarter of 2015. The sequential quarter increase was driven primarily by2016. Sequentially, higher regulatory and compliance-relatedseverance costs, increased costs associated with improved business performance,software writedowns, and higher net occupancy costs.personnel costs were offset by the favorable resolution of several legal matters during the current quarter. The year-over-year increasedecrease compared to the prior year quarter was driven by the same factors impacting the prior quarter in addition to lower incentive-based compensation costsaforementioned legal accrual reversals and discrete mortgage-related benefits in the third quarter of 2015. Regulatory assessments expense increased as a result of the FDIC’s surcharge on large depository institutions, which became effectivereduced outside processing and software expenses during the current quarter. This incremental surcharge is anticipatedThough our expense base has and will vary from quarter to bequarter, we remain focused on reducing less productive expenses to provide funding for investments in effect for 10 quarters. We will continue to work diligently to improve ourtalent, technology, and improved product offerings. See additional


execution and the effectiveness of our operations to improve our overall efficiency. See additional discussion related to noninterest expense in the "Noninterest Expense" section of this MD&A. Also see Table 1, "Selected Financial Data and Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures," in this MD&A for additional information regarding, and a reconciliation of, adjusted noninterest expense.
During the third quarter of 2016,2017, our efficiency ratio increased to 63.1%and tangible efficiency ratios were 60.1% and 59.2%, respectively, both of which improved meaningfully compared to 61.4% in the prior year quarter. Our tangible efficiency ratio also increased during the current quarter to 62.5%ratios of 61.2% and 60.6%, and compared to 61.0% in the third quarter of 2015, as expense growth outpaced2016 ratios of 63.1% and 62.5%, respectively. Our current quarter efficiency ratios benefited from the favorable resolution of several legal matters, which was offset partially by higher severance costs and software-related writedowns. Notwithstanding the impact of this net benefit, our core efficiency continued to improve. This progress, combined with our positive revenue growth. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016,momentum and ongoing efficiency initiatives that we have been executing for several years, has driven positive operating leverage and enables us to remain on track to achieve our efficiency ratio and tangible efficiency ratio both improved more than 100 basis points to 62.2%goals of between 61% and 61.6%, compared to 63.2%62% for 2017, and 62.8% for the same period in 2015, respectively, drivenbelow 60% by positive operating leverage. We remain focused on improving our efficiency each year with the objective of achieving our long-term efficiency ratio goal of below 60%.2019. See Table 1,20, "Selected Financial Data and Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures," in this MD&A for additional information regarding, and a reconciliation of, our tangible efficiency ratio.
Overall asset quality trends remained relatively stablevery strong during the third quarter of 2016, reflecting solid economic conditions in our markets and businesses, as well as continued underwriting discipline. Our loan portfolio continued to perform well,2017, evidenced by stable delinquency and NPL levels and a modestour 0.21% annualized net charge-off ratio of 0.35% forand 0.48% NPL ratio. These low levels reflect the third quarter of 2016, compared to 0.39% forrelative strength across our entire LHFI portfolio, notwithstanding anticipated losses incurred from the prior quarter, and 0.21% for the third quarter of 2015. Energy-related net charge-offs improved sequentially to $33 million during the current quarter, compared to $70 millionrecent hurricanes, which resulted in a slight increase in the prior quarter, which drove the four basis point reduction in our net charge-off ratio compared to the second quarter of 2016. The ALLL to period-end LHFI ratio declined two basis points fromcompared to the prior quarterquarter. Our solid position reflects the proactive actions we have taken over the past several years to de-risk, diversify, and improve the quality of our loan portfolio. As it relates to hurricane impacts, we expect a modest increase in delinquencies and charge-offs over the next several quarters, driven primarily by continued improvementsthe residential and consumer loan portfolios. We believe that losses from the recent hurricanes are very manageable in the asset qualitycontext of the residential loanoverall Company, given the strength and diversity of our LHFI portfolio. Overall, we expect to operate within a net charge-off ratio of between 25 and 35 basis points over the near term. We expect our ALLLalso continue to period-end LHFI ratio to remain relatively stable in the medium-term, which should result inforecast a provision for loan losses that modestly exceedsgenerally approximates net charge-offs. See additional discussion of our energy-related loan exposure, as well as our credit and asset quality, in the “Loans,” “Allowance for Credit Losses,” and “Nonperforming Assets” sections of this MD&A.
Average loanstotal LHFI increased 1% sequentially,2% compared to the third quarter of 2016, driven by growth across ourall consumer loan portfolios as well as by growth in commercial construction loans and nonguaranteed residential mortgages. These increases were offset partially by declines in residential home equity products and CRE loans. Our consumer lending strategiesinitiatives continue to produce profitablesolid loan growth through each of our major channels, while furthering the positive mix shift within the LHFI portfolio and improving our overall lending pipelines remain healthy. We sold approximately $1 billion of indirect automobile loans in September 2016 as part of our overall balance sheet optimization strategy. Separately, we reclassified $1.1 billion of CRE loans to the commercial construction loan portfolio this quarter in accordance with a revised interpretation of regulatory classification requirements. Compared to the third quarter of 2015, average loans grew 7%, driven by 5% growth in C&I loans, 20% growth in consumer loans, and 8% growth in nonguaranteed residential mortgages, partially offset by a 10% decline in residential home equity products. We remain focused on generating targeted loan growth at accretive risk-adjusted returns while continuing to meet the financing needs of our clients.return profile. See
additional loan discussion in the “Loans,” “Nonperforming Assets,” and "Net Interest Income/Margin" sections of this MD&A.
Average quarterly consumer and commercial deposits increased 1% sequentially and 7% year-over-year,3% compared to the third quarter of 2016, driven by strong and broad-based growth in lower costacross most of our product categories, particularly NOW accounts and time deposits. Our success in growing deposits reflects our overall strategic efforts to meet more clients’ deposit and payment needs and thereby improve profitability; this growth has been enabled by investments in our technology platforms and client-facing bankers. Rates paid on our deposits increased one14 basis point sequentially, driven by a slight mix shift betweenpoints compared to the third quarter of 2016 resulting from the increase in benchmark interest rates. The strong deposit growth we have produced over the past several years, in addition to our Wholesale Bankingaccess to low-cost funding, enables us to prudently manage
our funding base and Consumer Banking clients.more effectively manage our deposit costs. We continue to maintain a disciplined approach to pricing with a focusremain focused on maximizing the value proposition other thanfor our clients, outside of rates paid, forby meeting more of our clients.clients' needs through strategic investments in talent and technology. See additional discussion regarding average deposits in the "Net Interest Income/Margin" section of this MD&A.
Capital and Liquidity
Our regulatory capital position was relatively stable during the third quarter ofratios increased compared to December 31, 2016, with a CET1 ratio of 9.78%9.62% at September 30, 2016.2017, driven primarily by growth in retained earnings. Additionally, our CET1 ratio, on a fully phased-in basis, was estimated to be 9.66%9.48% at September 30, 2016,2017, which is well above the current regulatory requirement. Our book value and tangible book value per common share both increased 7% and 9%, respectively, compared to December 31, 2015,2016, due primarily to growth in retained earnings and a 3% decline in common shares outstanding.growth. See additional details related to our capital in Note 13, "Capital," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Also see Table 1,20, "Selected Financial Data and Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures," in this MD&A for additional information regarding, and reconciliations of, tangible book value per common share and our fully phased-in CET1 ratio.
During the second quarter of 2016,In June 2017, we announced thatcapital plans in response to the Federal Reserve had no objectionsReserve's review of and non-objection to our 2017 capital plan submitted in conjunction with the 20162017 CCAR. Accordingly, during the third quarter of 2016,2017, we increased theour quarterly common stock dividend by 54% to $0.26 per share, which reflects an increase of 8%$0.40 per common share from the prior quarter.share. We also repurchased $240$330 million of our outstanding common stock during the third quarter of 20162017 in conjunction with the 20162017 capital plan. During October 2016,At September 30, 2017, we repurchased an additional $240had $990 million of our outstandingremaining common stock as part of the 2016 capitalrepurchase capacity available under this plan, andwhich we expect to repurchase approximately $480 million of additional outstanding common stockconduct in relatively even quarterly increments through the end of the second quarter of 2017.2018. See additional details related to our capital actions and share repurchases in the “Capital Resources” section of this MD&A and in Part II, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q.
In October 2016, we announced that we signed a definitive agreement to acquire substantially all of the assets of the operating subsidiaries of Pillar Financial, LLC. Pillar is a multi-family agency lending and servicing company with an originate-to-distribute focus that holds licenses with Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the FHA. We expect that this acquisition will expand our capabilities within the commercial real estate business, while also being accretive to our return profile. The acquisition of Pillar is expected to close in late 2016 or early 2017.


Business Segments Highlights
Consumer Banking and Private Wealth Management
Consumer Banking and Private Wealth Management net income increased $14 million sequentially as a result of higher revenue and lower credit costs, but was $21decreased $17 million lower compared to the third quarter of 2015 as higher noninterest expense2016. The sequential increase was driven by revenue growth and the favorable resolution of legal matters during the current quarter, offset by an increase in provision for loancredit losses offset a 3% increase in revenue.due to anticipated losses incurred from recent hurricanes. The year-over-year decrease was driven primarily by lower mortgage production related income. Net interest income for the current quarter was up 2% sequentially and 5% compared to the prior year, driven by strong loan and deposit growth. More specifically, our investments in direct consumer lending continue to yield positive results. Average quarterly consumer loans were up 20% year-over-year as our product offerings and strong client experience drove continued market share gains. Noninterest income was up 6% sequentially as a result of discrete items in the current quarter and prior quarter, in addition to seasonally higher trust and investment management fees. Quarterly retail investment income decreased sequentially and year-over-year, as reduced transaction-related activity was partially offset by growth in retail brokerage managed assets. Overall asset quality remained strong with delinquencies and net charge-offs near historically low levels. The sequential decline in the provision for loan losses was primarily due to improvements in the residential home equity portfolio. Noninterest expense increased 4%3% sequentially and 8% compared to the prior yearthird quarter generallyof 2016, resulting from strong loan and deposit growth and continued balance sheet optimization. The average balance of our LHFI portfolio increased 2% sequentially and 4% compared to the third quarter of 2016. Deposit growth continues to be a key contributor to our net interest income momentum, with average balances up 3% year-over-year. Noninterest income increased 2% sequentially and decreased 15% compared to the same period in 2016. The sequential increase was driven by higher FDIC and regulatory costs, higher occupancy costs, and certain discrete costs and investments.mortgage-related income, which has begun to stabilize. The year-over-year decrease was due primarily to lower mortgage-related income,

Wholesale Banking
Wholesale Banking had a strong quarter, in part due to strong market conditions, but also
as a result of the continued strategic momentum we have had with our clients. Quarterly revenue increased 4% bothlower production volume due to decreased refinancing activity. Noninterest expense decreased 5% sequentially and 9% compared to the prior year quarter. The decreases were due primarily to the favorable resolution of legal matters during the current quarter. Overall, we are making progress in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the Consumer segment as evidenced by continued growth in digital channels and a 7% year-over-year primarilyreduction in our branches. Our strong loan and deposit growth, as well as our investments in an improved client experience, are expected to further strengthen our Consumer segment.
Wholesale
Wholesale delivered record revenue and net income due to strong deal flow activitycapital market conditions, continued strategic growth, and strong asset quality performance. Total revenue increased $37 million sequentially and increased $119 million compared to the third quarter of 2016, due primarily to increases in net interest income, investment banking income, and the incremental revenue from Pillar. Net interest income was a key contributor to our strong revenue growth, up 3% sequentially and 13% compared to the third quarter of 2016 as a result of improved loan yields. Investment banking income continues to be strong across most product categoriesthe majority of products as we continue to expand and deepen client relationships. The growth was due, in large part, to strength in syndicated finance and mergers and acquisitions advisory services. Net interest income was up 2% sequentially as a result of modest increases in loan spreads and continued deposit growth. Quarterly net income was up sequentially and down year-over-year, largely due to the variance in the provision for loan losses, which
 
decreasedrelationships to meet the capital markets needs of all Wholesale clients. Noninterest expense was stable sequentially as a result ofand increased 8% compared to the decline in energy-related net charge-offs, but increased on aprior year quarter. The year-over-year basis, alsoincrease was driven by energy. Overall, we believe our Wholesale Bankinghigher compensation due to strong business is highly differentiated and will continue to deliver profitable growth. Additionally,performance, the acquisition of Pillar, and ongoing investments in technology. In September 2017, we announced that we reached a definitive agreement to sell our PAC subsidiary, which had $1.3 billion in assets at September 30, 2017. The sale is expected to contribute roughly $90 million to Wholesale Banking’s annual revenue beginningclose in 2017. Pillar’s efficiency ratio is approximately 80-85%, and while this would be dilutive to the overall efficiency ratio, we expect the acquisition of Pillar will be accretive to our capabilities, ROA, ROE, and net income.

Mortgage Banking
Mortgage Banking was a key contributor to our overall performance this quarter. Quarterly revenue was up 1% sequentially and 20% year-over-year, driven by higher noninterest income. Production income increased $7 million sequentially as a result of higher loan production volume. Compared to the prior year quarter, mortgage production income increased $60 million, driven by higher volume and higher gain on sale margins. Servicing income for the quarter decreased sequentially as a result of anticipated increases in decay expense, but increased $9 million compared to the prior year as a result of improved net hedge performance and portfolio acquisitions. The UPB of our servicing portfolio grew 3% since September 30, 2015, and we purchased an additional $2.8 billion in the third quarter of 2016, which is scheduled to transfer in the fourth quarter. Net income for the current quarter was down $12 million sequentially and $54 million year-over-year. The sequential decrease was driven by higher noninterest expense, while the year-over-year decrease was due to approximately $50 million in after-tax discrete benefits recognized in the third quarter of 2015. While we do not expect fourth quarter of 2016 mortgage production income to match the current quarter level, we expect it to improve relative to the fourth quarter of 2015.2017, subject to various customary closing conditions. Additionally, we recently announced an expansion of Commercial & Business Banking into new markets in Ohio and Texas to further expand our differentiated value proposition to new clients. Overall, while market conditions can drive quarterly variability, our differentiated business model in Wholesale continues to deliver strong results and we expect to see further growth in 2018.
Additional information related to our business segments can be found in Note 16, "Business Segment Reporting," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q, and further discussion of our business segment results for the third quarter ofnine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 and 2015 can be found in the "Business Segment Results" section of this MD&A.



Consolidated Daily Average Balances, Income/Expense, and Average Yields Earned/Rates Paid Table 1 
 Three Months Ended  
 September 30, 2017 September 30, 2016 Increase/(Decrease)
(Dollars in millions)
Average
Balances
 
Income/
Expense
 
Yields/
Rates
 
Average
Balances
 
Income/
Expense
 
Yields/
Rates
 
Average
Balances
 
Yields/
Rates
ASSETS               
LHFI: 1
               
C&I
$68,277
 
$583
 3.39% 
$68,242
 
$536
 3.13% 
$35
 0.26
CRE5,227
 47
 3.57
 5,975
 44
 2.92
 (748) 0.65
Commercial construction3,918
 38
 3.86
 2,909
 24
 3.28
 1,009
 0.58
Residential mortgages - guaranteed512
 5
 3.57
 540
 5
 3.34
 (28) 0.23
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed26,687
 255
 3.82
 26,022
 243
 3.74
 665
 0.08
Residential home equity products10,778
 120
 4.40
 12,075
 119
 3.93
 (1,297) 0.47
Residential construction333
 4
 4.68
 379
 4
 4.47
 (46) 0.21
Consumer student - guaranteed6,535
 73
 4.44
 5,705
 58
 4.03
 830
 0.41
Consumer other direct8,426
 104
 4.91
 7,090
 81
 4.56
 1,336
 0.35
Consumer indirect11,824
 105
 3.51
 11,161
 96
 3.41
 663
 0.10
Consumer credit cards1,450
 37
 10.32
 1,224
 31
 10.12
 226
 0.20
Nonaccrual 2
739
 11
 5.90
 935
 4
 1.70
 (196) 4.20
Total LHFI144,706
 1,382
 3.79
 142,257
 1,245
 3.48
 2,449
 0.31
Securities AFS:               
Taxable30,669
 191
 2.49
 28,460
 157
 2.21
 2,209
 0.28
Tax-exempt504
 4
 2.99
 181
 2
 3.41
 323
 (0.42)
Total securities AFS31,173
 195
 2.50
 28,641
 159
 2.22
 2,532
 0.28
Fed funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell1,189
 3
 0.89
 1,171
 
 0.11
 18
 0.78
LHFS2,477
 24
 3.89
 2,867
 25
 3.47
 (390) 0.42
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks25
 
 1.88
 24
 
 0.38
 1
 1.50
Interest earning trading assets5,291
 31
 2.38
 5,563
 22
 1.57
 (272) 0.81
Total earning assets184,861
 1,635
 3.51
 180,523
 1,451
 3.20
 4,338
 0.31
ALLL(1,748)     (1,756)     (8)  
Cash and due from banks5,023
     5,442
     (419)  
Other assets16,501
     14,822
     1,679
  
Noninterest earning trading assets and derivative instruments948
     1,538
     (590)  
Unrealized gains on securities available for sale, net153
     907
     (754)  
Total assets
$205,738
     
$201,476
     
$4,246
  
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY               
Interest-bearing deposits:               
NOW accounts
$44,604
 
$37
 0.33% 
$41,160
 
$15
 0.14% 
$3,444
 0.19
Money market accounts53,278
 43
 0.32
 54,500
 29
 0.21
 (1,222) 0.11
Savings6,535
 
 0.02
 6,304
 
 0.03
 231
 (0.01)
Consumer time5,675
 11
 0.76
 5,726
 10
 0.69
 (51) 0.07
Other time5,552
 16
 1.14
 3,981
 10
 0.97
 1,571
 0.17
Total interest-bearing consumer and commercial deposits115,644
 107
 0.37
 111,671
 64
 0.23
 3,973
 0.14
Brokered time deposits947
 3
 1.28
 959
 3
 1.31
 (12) (0.03)
Foreign deposits295
 1
 1.13
 130
 
 0.37
 165
 0.76
Total interest-bearing deposits116,886
 111
 0.38
 112,760
 67
 0.24
 4,126
 0.14
Funds purchased1,689
 5
 1.15
 784
 1
 0.36
 905
 0.79
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase1,464
 4
 1.07
 1,691
 2
 0.45
 (227) 0.62
Interest-bearing trading liabilities912
 6
 2.84
 930
 5
 2.11
 (18) 0.73
Other short-term borrowings1,797
 3
 0.56
 1,266
 
 0.19
 531
 0.37
Long-term debt11,204
 76
 2.70
 12,257
 68
 2.21
 (1,053) 0.49
Total interest-bearing liabilities133,952
 205
 0.61
 129,688
 143
 0.44
 4,264
 0.17
Noninterest-bearing deposits43,775
     43,642
     133
  
Other liabilities3,046
     3,356
     (310)  
Noninterest-bearing trading liabilities and derivative instruments392
     380
     12
  
Shareholders’ equity24,573
     24,410
     163
  
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$205,738
     
$201,476
     
$4,262
  
Interest rate spread    2.90%     2.76%   0.14
Net interest income 3
  
$1,430
     
$1,308
      
Net interest income-FTE 3, 4
  
$1,467
     
$1,342
      
Net interest margin 5
    3.07%     2.88%   0.19
Net interest margin-FTE 4, 5
    3.15
     2.96
   0.19
Selected Financial Data and Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures   Table 1
(Dollars in millions and shares in thousands, except per share data)     
Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
Selected Financial Data2016 2015 2016 2015
Summary of Operations:       
Interest income
$1,451
 
$1,333
 
$4,285
 
$3,902
Interest expense143
 122
 408
 384
Net interest income1,308
 1,211
 3,877
 3,518
Provision for credit losses97
 32
 343
 114
Net interest income after provision for credit losses1,211
 1,179
 3,534
 3,404
Noninterest income889
 811
 2,569
 2,503
Noninterest expense1,409
 1,264
 4,072
 3,872
Income before provision for income taxes691
 726
 2,031
 2,035
Provision for income taxes215
 187
 611
 579
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest2
 2
 7
 7
Net income
$474
 
$537
 
$1,413
 
$1,449
Net income available to common shareholders
$457
 
$519
 
$1,363
 
$1,396
Net interest income-FTE 1

$1,342
 
$1,247
 
$3,982
 
$3,625
Total revenue2,197
 2,022
 6,446
 6,021
Total revenue-FTE 1
2,231
 2,058
 6,551
 6,128
Net income per average common share:       
Diluted
$0.91
 
$1.00
 
$2.70
 
$2.67
Basic0.92
 1.01
 2.72
 2.70
Dividends paid per average common share0.26
 0.24
 0.74
 0.68
Book value per common share 2
    46.63
 43.44
Tangible book value per common share 2, 3
    34.34
 31.56
Market capitalization    21,722
 19,659
Selected Average Balances:       
Total assets
$201,476
 
$188,341
 
$197,613
 
$188,635
Earning assets180,523
 168,334
 177,600
 168,325
Loans142,257
 132,837
 140,628
 133,000
Consumer and commercial deposits155,313
 145,226
 152,911
 142,869
Intangible assets including MSRs7,415
 7,711
 7,509
 7,596
MSRs1,065
 1,352
 1,157
 1,243
Preferred stock1,225
 1,225
 1,225
 1,225
Total shareholders’ equity24,410
 23,384
 24,076
 23,266
Average common shares - diluted500,885
 518,677
 505,619
 522,634
Average common shares - basic496,304
 513,010
 501,036
 516,970
Financial Ratios (Annualized):       
ROA0.94% 1.13% 0.96% 1.03%
ROE 2
7.89
 9.34
 8.01
 8.51
ROTCE 2, 4
10.73
 12.95
 10.95
 11.84
Net interest margin2.88
 2.86
 2.92
 2.79
Net interest margin-FTE 1
2.96
 2.94
 2.99
 2.88
Efficiency ratio 5
64.13
 62.51
 63.17
 64.31
Efficiency ratio-FTE 1, 5
63.14
 61.44
 62.16
 63.19
Tangible efficiency ratio-FTE 1, 5, 6
62.54
 60.99
 61.63
 62.82
Total average shareholders’ equity to total average assets12.12
 12.42
 12.18
 12.33
Tangible common equity to tangible assets 7
    8.57
 8.98
Capital Ratios at period end 8:
       
CET1    9.78% 10.04%
CET1 - fully phased-in    9.66
 9.89
Tier 1 capital    10.50
 10.90
Total capital    12.57
 12.72
Leverage    9.28
 9.68


Selected Financial Data and Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures (continued)
    
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures2016 2015 2016 2015
Net interest margin2.88 % 2.86 % 2.92 % 2.79 %
Impact of FTE adjustment0.08
 0.08
 0.07
 0.09
Net interest margin-FTE 1
2.96 % 2.94 % 2.99 % 2.88 %
        
Efficiency ratio 5
64.13 % 62.51 % 63.17 % 64.31 %
Impact of FTE adjustment(0.99) (1.07) (1.01) (1.12)
Efficiency ratio-FTE 1, 5
63.14
 61.44
 62.16
 63.19
Impact of excluding amortization(0.60) (0.45) (0.53) (0.37)
Tangible efficiency ratio-FTE 1, 5, 6
62.54 % 60.99 % 61.63 % 62.82 %
        
ROE 2
7.89 % 9.34 % 8.01 % 8.51 %
Impact of removing average intangible assets (net of deferred taxes), other than MSRs and other servicing rights, from average common shareholders' equity2.84
 3.61
 2.94
 3.33
ROTCE 2, 4
10.73% 12.95% 10.95% 11.84%
        
Net interest income
$1,308
 
$1,211
 
$3,877
 
$3,518
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustment34
 36
 105
 107
Net interest income-FTE 1
1,342
 1,247
 3,982
 3,625
Noninterest income889
 811
 2,569
 2,503
Total revenue-FTE 1

$2,231
 
$2,058
 
$6,551
 
$6,128
        
        
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)    September 30, 2016 September 30, 2015
        
Total shareholders’ equity    
$24,449
 
$23,664
Goodwill, net of deferred taxes 9
    (6,089) (6,100)
Other intangible assets (including MSRs and other servicing rights), net of deferred taxes 10
 (1,129) (1,279)
MSRs and other servicing rights    1,124
 1,272
Tangible equity    18,355
 17,557
Noncontrolling interest    (101) (106)
Preferred stock    (1,225) (1,225)
Tangible common equity 2
    
$17,029
 
$16,226
        
Total assets    
$205,091
 
$187,036
Goodwill    (6,337) (6,337)
Other intangible assets, including MSRs and other servicing rights   (1,131) (1,282)
MSRs and other servicing rights    1,124
 1,272
Tangible assets    
$198,747
 
$180,689
Tangible common equity to tangible assets 7
    8.57 % 8.98 %
Tangible book value per common share 2, 3
    
$34.34
 
$31.56



Selected Financial Data and Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures (continued)  
    
Reconciliation of CET1 Ratio 8
September 30, 2016 September 30, 2015
CET19.78 % 10.04 %
Less:   
MSRs(0.10) (0.12)
Other 11
(0.02) (0.03)
CET1 - fully phased-in9.66 % 9.89 %
    
    
(Dollars in millions)   
Reconciliation of Pre-Provision Net Revenue ("PPNR") 12
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
Income before provision for income taxes
$691
 
$2,031
Provision for credit losses97
 343
Less:   
Net securities gains
 4
PPNR
$788
 
$2,370

1 We present net interest margin-FTE, net interest income-FTE, total revenue-FTE, efficiency ratio-FTE, and tangible efficiency ratio-FTE on a fully taxable-equivalent ("FTE") basis. The FTE basis adjusts for the tax-favored status of net interest income from certain loans and investments using a federal tax rate of 35% and state income taxes, where applicable, to increase tax-exempt interest income to a taxable-equivalent basis. We believe the FTE basis is the preferred industry measurement basis for these measures and that it enhances comparability of net interest income arising from taxable and tax-exempt sources.
2 Beginning January 1, 2016, noncontrolling interest was removed from common shareholders' equity in these calculations to provide more accurate measures of our return on common shareholders' equity and book value per common share. Prior period amounts have been updated for consistent presentation.
3 We present tangible book value per common share, which removes the after-tax impact of purchase accounting intangible assets, noncontrolling interest, and preferred stock from shareholders' equity. We believe this measure is useful to investors because, by removing the amount of intangible assets that result from merger and acquisition activity, and removing the amounts of noncontrolling interest and preferred stock that do not represent our common shareholders' equity, it allows investors to more easily compare our capital position to other companies in the industry.
4 We present ROTCE, which removes the after-tax impact of purchase accounting intangible assets from average common shareholders' equity and removes the related intangible asset amortization from net income available to common shareholders. We believe this measure is useful to investors because, by removing the amount of intangible assets that result from merger and acquisition activity and related amortization expense (the level of which may vary from company to company), it allows investors to more easily compare our ROTCE to other companies in the industry who present a similar measure. We also believe that removing these items provides a more relevant measure of our return on common shareholders' equity. This measure is utilized by management to assess our profitability.
5 Efficiency ratio is computed by dividing noninterest expense by total revenue. Efficiency ratio-FTE is computed by dividing noninterest expense by total revenue-FTE.
6 We present tangible efficiency ratio-FTE, which excludes amortization related to intangible assets and certain tax credits. We believe this measure is useful to investors because, by removing the impact of amortization (the level of which may vary from company to company), it allows investors to more easily compare our efficiency to other companies in the industry. This measure is utilized by management to assess our efficiency and that of our lines of business.
7 We present certain capital information on a tangible basis, including tangible equity, tangible common equity, and the ratio of tangible common equity to tangible assets, which removes the after-tax impact of purchase accounting intangible assets. We believe these measures are useful to investors because, by removing the amount of intangible assets that result from merger and acquisition activity (the level of which may vary from company to company), it allows investors to more easily compare our capital position to other companies in the industry. These measures are utilized by management to analyze capital adequacy.
8 Basel III Final Rules became effective for us on January 1, 2015. The CET1 ratio on a fully phased-in basis at September 30, 2016 is estimated and is presented to provide investors with an indication of our capital adequacy under the future CET1 requirements, which will apply to us beginning on January 1, 2018.
9 Net of deferred taxes of $248 million and $237 million at September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
10 Net of deferred taxes of $2 million and $4 million at September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
11 Primarily includes the deduction from capital of certain carryforward DTAs, the overfunded pension asset, and other intangible assets.
12 We present the reconciliation of PPNR because it is a performance metric utilized by management and in certain of our compensation plans. PPNR impacts the level of awards if certain thresholds are met. We believe this measure is useful to investors because it allows investors to compare our PPNR to other companies in the industry who present a similar measure.


Consolidated Daily Average Balances, Income/Expense, and Average Yields Earned/Rates Paid Table 2 
 Three Months Ended  
 September 30, 2016 September 30, 2015 Increase/(Decrease)
(Dollars in millions)
Average
Balances
 
Income/
Expense
 
Yields/
Rates
 
Average
Balances
 
Income/
Expense
 
Yields/
Rates
 
Average
Balances
 
Yields/
Rates
ASSETS               
Loans held for investment: 1
               
C&I
$68,242
 
$536
 3.13% 
$65,269
 
$499
 3.04% 
$2,973
 0.09
CRE5,975
 44
 2.92
 6,024
 43
 2.85
 (49) 0.07
Commercial construction2,909
 24
 3.28
 1,609
 13
 3.12
 1,300
 0.16
Residential mortgages - guaranteed540
 5
 3.34
 630
 5
 3.14
 (90) 0.20
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed26,022
 243
 3.74
 24,109
 232
 3.85
 1,913
 (0.11)
Residential home equity products12,075
 119
 3.93
 13,381
 126
 3.72
 (1,306) 0.21
Residential construction379
 4
 4.47
 379
 5
 4.68
 
 (0.21)
Consumer student - guaranteed5,705
 58
 4.03
 4,494
 43
 3.83
 1,211
 0.20
Consumer other direct7,090
 81
 4.56
 5,550
 61
 4.33
 1,540
 0.23
Consumer indirect11,161
 96
 3.41
 9,968
 83
 3.29
 1,193
 0.12
Consumer credit cards1,224
 31
 10.12
 965
 24
 10.14
 259
 (0.02)
Nonaccrual 2
935
 4
 1.70
 459
 5
 4.49
 476
 (2.79)
Total LHFI142,257
 1,245
 3.48
 132,837
 1,139
 3.40
 9,420
 0.08
Securities AFS:               
Taxable28,460
 157
 2.21
 26,621
 151
 2.27
 1,839
 (0.06)
Tax-exempt181
 2
 
 170
 2
 
 11
 
Total securities AFS28,641
 159
 2.22
 26,791
 153
 2.28
 1,850
 (0.06)
Fed funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased
under agreements to resell
1,171
 
 0.11
 1,100
 
 0.03
 71
 0.08
LHFS2,867
 25
 3.47
 2,288
 20
 3.60
 579
 (0.13)
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks24
 
 0.38
 22
 
 0.14
 2
 0.24
Interest earning trading assets5,563
 22
 1.57
 5,296
 21
 1.57
 267
 
Total earning assets180,523
 1,451
 3.20
 168,334
 1,333
 3.14
 12,189
 0.06
ALLL(1,756)     (1,804)     48
  
Cash and due from banks5,442
     5,729
     (287)  
Other assets14,822
     14,522
     300
  
Noninterest earning trading assets and derivative instruments1,538
     1,165
     373
  
Unrealized gains on securities available for sale, net907
     395
     512
  
Total assets
$201,476
     
$188,341
     
$13,135
  
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY               
Interest-bearing deposits:               
NOW accounts
$41,160
 
$15
 0.14% 
$35,784
 
$8
 0.09% 
$5,376
 0.05
Money market accounts54,500
 29
 0.21
 51,064
 21
 0.16
 3,436
 0.05
Savings6,304
 
 0.03
 6,203
 
 0.03
 101
 
Consumer time5,726
 10
 0.69
 6,286
 12
 0.75
 (560) (0.06)
Other time3,981
 10
 0.97
 3,738
 10
 1.01
 243
 (0.04)
Total interest-bearing consumer and commercial deposits111,671
 64
 0.23
 103,075
 51
 0.20
 8,596
 0.03
Brokered time deposits959
 3
 1.31
 870
 3
 1.38
 89
 (0.07)
Foreign deposits130
 
 0.37
 140
 
 0.13
 (10) 0.24
Total interest-bearing deposits112,760
 67
 0.24
 104,085
 54
 0.21
 8,675
 0.03
Funds purchased784
 1
 0.36
 672
 
 0.10
 112
 0.26
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase1,691
 2
 0.45
 1,765
 1
 0.22
 (74) 0.23
Interest-bearing trading liabilities930
 5
 2.11
 840
 6
 2.55
 90
 (0.44)
Other short-term borrowings1,266
 
 0.19
 2,172
 1
 0.16
 (906) 0.03
Long-term debt12,257
 68
 2.21
 9,680
 60
 2.47
 2,577
 (0.26)
Total interest-bearing liabilities129,688
 143
 0.44
 119,214
 122
 0.41
 10,474
 0.03
Noninterest-bearing deposits43,642
     42,151
     1,491
  
Other liabilities3,356
     3,198
     158
  
Noninterest-bearing trading liabilities and derivative instruments380
     394
     (14)  
Shareholders’ equity24,410
     23,384
     1,026
  
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$201,476
     
$188,341
     
$13,135
  
Interest rate spread    2.76%     2.73%   0.03
Net interest income 3
  
$1,308
     
$1,211
      
Net interest income-FTE 3, 4
  
$1,342
     
$1,247
      
Net interest margin 5
    2.88%     2.86%   0.02
Net interest margin-FTE 4, 5
    2.96
     2.94
   0.02
1 Interest income includes loan fees of $40$45 million and $50$40 million for the three months ended September 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, respectively.
2 Income on consumer and residential nonaccrual loans, if recognized, is recognized on a cash basis.
3 Derivative instruments employed to manage our interest rate sensitivity increased net interest income by $63$16 million and $78$63 million for the three months ended September 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, respectively.  
4 See Table 1,20, "Selected Financial Data and Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures," in this MD&A for additional information and reconciliations of non-U.S. GAAP performance measures. Approximately 95% of the total FTE adjustment for both the three months ended September 30, 20162017 and 20152016 was attributed to C&I loans.
5 Net interest margin is calculated by dividing annualized net interest income by average total earning assets.

Consolidated Daily Average Balances, Income/Expense, and Average Yields Earned/Rates Paid (continued)
Nine Months Ended Nine Months Ended  
September 30, 2016 September 30, 2015 Increase/(Decrease)September 30, 2017 September 30, 2016 Increase/(Decrease)
(Dollars in millions)
Average
Balances
 
Income/
Expense
 
Yields/
Rates
 
Average
Balances
 
Income/
Expense
 
Yields/
Rates
 
Average
Balances
 
Yields/
Rates
Average
Balances
 
Income/
Expense
 
Yields/
Rates
 
Average
Balances
 
Income/
Expense
 
Yields/
Rates
 
Average
Balances
 
Yields/
Rates
ASSETS                              
Loans held for investment: 1
               
LHFI: 1
               
C&I
$68,405
 
$1,599
 3.12% 
$65,577
 
$1,466
 2.99% 
$2,828
 0.13

$68,822
 
$1,711
 3.32% 
$68,405
 
$1,599
 3.12% 
$417
 0.20
CRE6,032
 132
 2.91
 6,213
 131
 2.81
 (181) 0.10
5,141
 130
 3.38
 6,032
 132
 2.91
 (891) 0.47
Commercial construction2,578
 63
 3.27
 1,491
 35
 3.15
 1,087
 0.12
4,032
 109
 3.63
 2,578
 63
 3.27
 1,454
 0.36
Residential mortgages - guaranteed587
 16
 3.72
 633
 17
 3.52
 (46) 0.20
537
 13
 3.19
 587
 16
 3.72
 (50) (0.53)
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed25,383
 720
 3.78
 23,568
 680
 3.85
 1,815
 (0.07)26,234
 749
 3.81
 25,383
 720
 3.78
 851
 0.03
Residential home equity products12,461
 368
 3.94
 13,662
 376
 3.68
 (1,201) 0.26
11,117
 354
 4.26
 12,461
 368
 3.94
 (1,344) 0.32
Residential construction374
 12
 4.44
 387
 14
 4.91
 (13) (0.47)360
 12
 4.29
 374
 12
 4.44
 (14) (0.15)
Consumer student - guaranteed5,404
 162
 4.00
 4,530
 127
 3.76
 874
 0.24
6,426
 209
 4.36
 5,404
 162
 4.00
 1,022
 0.36
Consumer other direct6,641
 225
 4.53
 5,149
 165
 4.28
 1,492
 0.25
8,100
 298
 4.92
 6,641
 225
 4.53
 1,459
 0.39
Consumer indirect10,739
 273
 3.39
 10,317
 248
 3.20
 422
 0.19
11,322
 295
 3.48
 10,739
 273
 3.39
 583
 0.09
Consumer credit cards1,142
 87
 10.17
 917
 68
 9.95
 225
 0.22
1,404
 105
 10.03
 1,142
 87
 10.17
 262
 (0.14)
Nonaccrual 2
882
 13
 1.98
 556
 18
 4.21
 326
 (2.23)781
 24
 4.04
 882
 13
 1.98
 (101) 2.06
Total LHFI140,628
 3,670
 3.49
 133,000
 3,345
 3.36
 7,628
 0.13
144,276
 4,009
 3.72
 140,628
 3,670
 3.49
 3,648
 0.23
Securities AFS:                              
Taxable27,847
 479
 2.29
 26,161
 425
 2.17
 1,686
 0.12
30,638
 564
 2.45
 27,847
 479
 2.29
 2,791
 0.16
Tax-exempt161
 4
 3.54
 180
 5
 3.71
 (19) (0.17)380
 9
 3.01
 161
 4
 3.54
 219
 (0.53)
Total securities AFS28,008
 483
 2.30
 26,341
 430
 2.18
 1,667
 0.12
31,018
 573
 2.46
 28,008
 483
 2.30
 3,010
 0.16
Fed funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased
under agreements to resell
1,210
 1
 0.15
 1,153
 
 
 57
 0.15
1,221
 6
 0.63
 1,210
 1
 0.15
 11
 0.48
LHFS2,235
 62
 3.69
 2,557
 66
 3.42
 (322) 0.27
2,436
 70
 3.82
 2,235
 62
 3.69
 201
 0.13
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks24
 
 0.38
 23
 
 0.13
 1
 0.25
25
 
 1.05
 24
 
 0.38
 1
 0.67
Interest earning trading assets5,495
 69
 1.69
 5,251
 61
 1.58
 244
 0.11
5,204
 89
 2.27
 5,495
 69
 1.69
 (291) 0.58
Total earning assets177,600
 4,285
 3.22
 168,325
 3,902
 3.10
 9,275
 0.12
184,180
 4,747
 3.45
 177,600
 4,285
 3.22
 6,580
 0.23
ALLL(1,754)     (1,859)     105
  (1,724)     (1,754)     (30)  
Cash and due from banks4,863
     5,832
     (969)  5,158
     4,863
     295
  
Other assets14,713
     14,530
     183
  16,235
     14,713
     1,522
  
Noninterest earning trading assets and derivative instruments1,484
     1,276
     208
  918
     1,484
     (566)  
Unrealized gains on securities available for sale, net707
     531
     176
  66
     707
     (641)  
Total assets
$197,613
     
$188,635
     
$8,978
  
$204,833
     
$197,613
     
$7,160
  
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY                              
Interest-bearing deposits:                              
NOW accounts
$40,285
 
$38
 0.12% 
$34,443
 
$23
 0.09% 
$5,842
 0.03

$44,595
 
$90
 0.27% 
$40,285
 
$38
 0.12% 
$4,310
 0.15
Money market accounts53,586
 77
 0.19
 49,935
 64
 0.17
 3,651
 0.02
54,120
 114
 0.28
 53,586
 77
 0.19
 534
 0.09
Savings6,294
 1
 0.03
 6,189
 2
 0.03
 105
 
6,530
 1
 0.02
 6,294
 1
 0.03
 236
 (0.01)
Consumer time5,937
 33
 0.75
 6,539
 37
 0.76
 (602) (0.01)5,573
 30
 0.72
 5,937
 33
 0.75
 (364) (0.03)
Other time3,892
 30
 1.01
 3,844
 29
 1.01
 48
 
4,830
 38
 1.06
 3,892
 30
 1.01
 938
 0.05
Total interest-bearing consumer and commercial deposits109,994
 179
 0.22
 100,950
 155
 0.20
 9,044
 0.02
115,648
 273
 0.32
 109,994
 179
 0.22
 5,654
 0.10
Brokered time deposits924
 9
 1.34
 887
 10
 1.43
 37
 (0.09)931
 9
 1.28
 924
 9
 1.34
 7
 (0.06)
Foreign deposits60
 
 0.36
 238
 
 0.13
 (178) 0.23
563
 4
 0.86
 60
 
 0.36
 503
 0.50
Total interest-bearing deposits110,978
 188
 0.23
 102,075
 165
 0.22
 8,903
 0.01
117,142
 286
 0.33
 110,978
 188
 0.23
 6,164
 0.10
Funds purchased1,071
 3
 0.36
 806
 1
 0.10
 265
 0.26
1,242
 9
 0.97
 1,071
 3
 0.36
 171
 0.61
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase1,742
 6
 0.41
 1,837
 3
 0.20
 (95) 0.21
1,583
 10
 0.85
 1,742
 6
 0.41
 (159) 0.44
Interest-bearing trading liabilities984
 17
 2.36
 882
 16
 2.45
 102
 (0.09)968
 20
 2.70
 984
 17
 2.36
 (16) 0.34
Other short-term borrowings1,611
 3
 0.25
 2,479
 3
 0.17
 (868) 0.08
1,852
 7
 0.54
 1,611
 3
 0.25
 241
 0.29
Long-term debt10,477
 191
 2.44
 11,690
 196
 2.24
 (1,213) 0.20
11,094
 216
 2.60
 10,477
 191
 2.44
 617
 0.16
Total interest-bearing liabilities126,863
 408
 0.43
 119,769
 384
 0.43
 7,094
 
133,881
 548
 0.55
 126,863
 408
 0.43
 7,018
 0.12
Noninterest-bearing deposits42,917
     41,919
     998
  43,497
     42,917
     580
  
Other liabilities3,299
     3,237
     62
  2,961
     3,299
     (338)  
Noninterest-bearing trading liabilities and derivative instruments458
     444
     14
  363
     458
     (95)  
Shareholders’ equity24,076
     23,266
     810
  24,131
     24,076
     55
  
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$197,613
     
$188,635
     
$8,978
  
$204,833
     
$197,613
     
$7,220
  
Interest rate spread    2.79%     2.67%   0.12
    2.90%     2.79%   0.11
Net interest income 3
  
$3,877
     
$3,518
        
$4,199
     
$3,877
      
Net interest income-FTE 3, 4
  
$3,982
     
$3,625
        
$4,306
     
$3,982
      
Net interest margin 5
    2.92%     2.79%   0.13
    3.05%     2.92%   0.13
Net interest margin-FTE 4, 5
    2.99
     2.88
   0.11
    3.13
     2.99
   0.14
 
1 Interest income includes loan fees of $124$135 million and $142$124 million for the nine months ended September 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, respectively.
2 Income on consumer and residential nonaccrual loans, if recognized, is recognized on a cash basis.
3 Derivative instruments employed to manage our interest rate sensitivity increased net interest income by $203$93 million and $220$203 million for the nine months ended September 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, respectively.  
4 See Table 1,20, "Selected Financial Data and Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures," in this MD&A for additional information and reconciliations of non-U.S. GAAP performance measures. Approximately 95% of the total FTE adjustment for both the nine months ended September 30, 20162017 and 20152016 was attributed to C&I loans.
5 Net interest margin is calculated by dividing annualized net interest income by average total earning assets.

NET INTEREST INCOME/MARGIN (FTE)
Third Quarter of 20162017
Net interest income was $1.3$1.5 billion during the third quarter of 2016,2017, an increase of $95$125 million, or 8%9%, compared to the third quarter of 2015. 2016. This year-over-year increase was a result of a higher net interest margin and growth in average earning assets.
Net interest margin for the third quarter of 2016 increased two2017 was 3.15%, a 19 basis points to 2.96%,point increase compared to the same period of last year, due to a six basis point increase in average earning asset yields.year. The earning assets yield increase was driven primarily by higher earning asset yields arising from higher benchmark interest rates as well as continued balance sheet optimization. Specifically, average earning asset yields increased 31 basis points, driven by a 31 basis point increase in average LHFI yields, and was partially offset by lower yieldswith increases in yield noted across all loan categories. Yields on securities AFS increased 28 basis points due primarily to changes in portfolio mix, lower premium amortization, and an increase inhigher interest rates. These increases were offset partially by higher rates paid on average interest-bearing liabilities.
Average earning assetsRates paid on average interest-bearing liabilities increased $12.2 billion, or 7%, during the third quarter of 2016,17 basis points compared to the third quarter of 2015,2016, driven by increases in rates paid on NOW, money market accounts, and time deposits as well as short-term borrowings and long-term debt. Compared to the third quarter of 2016, the average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits increased 14 basis points.
Looking forward to the fourth quarter of 2017, we expect net interest margin to decline by one to three basis points. Beyond that, we anticipate future net interest margin expansion if the short end of the yield curve continues to rise. See Table 12, "Net Interest Income Asset Sensitivity," in this MD&A for an analysis of potential changes in net interest income due to instantaneous moves in benchmark interest rates.
Average earning assets increased $4.3 billion, or 2%, compared to the third quarter of 2016, driven primarily by a $9.4$2.4 billion, or 7%2%, increase in average LHFI and a $1.9$2.5 billion, or 7%9%, increase in average securities AFS. The increase in average LHFI was attributable todriven by growth across all consumer loan categories,portfolios as well as C&Igrowth in commercial construction loans and nonguaranteed residential mortgages, and commercial construction loans.mortgages. These increases were offset partially offset by a declinedeclines in residential home equity products and CRE loans as paydowns exceeded new originations and draws. See the "Loans" section in this MD&A for additional discussion regarding loan activity.
Yields on average earning assetsAverage interest-bearing liabilities increased six basis points to 3.20% for the third quarter of 2016,$4.3 billion, or 3%, compared to the third quarter of 2015, driven2016, due primarily by an eight basis point increaseto growth in LHFI yields, partially offset by a six basis point decline in yields on securities AFS. The increase in LHFI yields was due largely to a favorable mix shift within the LHFI portfolio along with higher benchmark interest rates, which increased late in the fourth quarter of 2015. Specifically, yields increased onconsumer and commercial loans, particularly the C&I portfolio,deposits as well as on residential home equity products, guaranteed mortgages,increases in funds purchased and mostother short-term borrowings. Average interest-bearing consumer loan categories. The six basis point decrease in securities AFS yields wasand commercial deposits increased $4.0 billion, or 4%, compared to the same period last year, due primarily to the addition of lower-yielding U.S. Treasury securities to support LCR requirements that willgrowth in NOW and time deposits, offset partially by a decrease in money market accounts. Average other short-term borrowings increased $531 million, or 42%, driven by an increase effective January 1, 2017.in short-term FHLB advances. See the "Securities Available for Sale""Borrowings" section in this MD&A for additional information regarding the composition and associated yields on our investment securities.other short-term borrowings.
We utilize interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk. These instruments are primarily receive-fixed, pay-variable swaps that synthetically convert a portion of our commercial loan portfolio from floating rates, based on LIBOR, to fixed rates. At September 30, 2016,2017, the outstanding notional balance of active
swaps that qualified as cash flow hedges on variable rate commercial loans was $18.7$13.7 billion, compared to active swaps of $16.9$16.7 billion at December 31, 2015.2016.
In addition to the income recognized from active swaps, we continue to recognize interest income over the original hedge period resulting from terminated or de-designated swaps that were previously designated as cash flow hedges on variable rate commercial loans. Interest income from our commercial loan swaps wasdecreased to $13 million during the third quarter of 2017, compared to $59 million during the third quarter of 2016 compareddue primarily to $70 million during the third quarter of 2015.an increase in LIBOR. As we manage our interest rate risk we may continue to purchase additional and/or terminate existing interest rate swaps.
Remaining swaps on commercial loans have maturities through 2022 and have an average maturity of 4.03.8 years at September 30, 2016.2017. The weighted average rate on the receive-
fixedreceive-fixed rate leg of the commercial loan swap portfolio was 1.30%1.35%, and the weighted average rate on the pay-variable leg was 0.53%1.23%, at September 30, 2016.
Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $10.5 billion, or 9%, during the third quarter of 2016, compared to the third quarter of 2015, due primarily to growth in lower cost deposits, driven by increases in NOW and money market account balances, and an increase in long-term debt. Average consumer and commercial deposits increased $8.6 billion, or 8%, compared to the same period last year. Average long-term debt increased $2.6 billion, or 27%, driven by an increase in long-term FHLB advances and the issuance of $750 million of subordinated debt in the second quarter of 2016. See the "Borrowings" section in this MD&A for additional information regarding other short-term borrowings and long-term debt.
Rates paid on average interest-bearing liabilities increased three basis points during the current quarter, compared to the third quarter of 2015, driven by increased rates in NOW and money market accounts as well as the aforementioned increase in long-term debt. Compared to the third quarter of 2015, the average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits increased three basis points.
Looking forward, assuming a static rate environment, we expect net interest margin to decline by approximately two to three basis points in the fourth quarter of 2016, due largely to the continued low interest rate environment.We are continuing to carefully manage the duration of our overall balance sheet given the prolonged low interest rate environment, while also being cognizant of controlling interest rate risk. See Table 13, "Net Interest Income Asset Sensitivity," in this MD&A for an analysis of potential changes in net interest income due to instantaneous moves in benchmark interest rates.2017.

First Nine Months of 20162017
Net interest income was $4.0$4.3 billion during the first nine months of 2016,2017, an increase of $357$324 million, or 10%8%, compared to the first nine months of 2015.2016. Net interest margin for the first nine months of 20162017 increased 1114 basis points, to 2.99%3.13%, compared to the same period of 2016. The increase was driven by the same factors as discussed above for the third quarter of 2017. Specifically, average earning asset yields increased 23 basis points, driven by a 23 basis point increase in average LHFI yields, with notable increases in yield on average commercial loans, residential home equity products, guaranteed student loans, and consumer direct loans. In addition, yields on securities AFS increased 16 basis points due primarily to lower premium amortization. These increases were offset partially by higher rates paid on average interest-bearing liabilities.
Rates paid on average interest-bearing liabilities increased 12 basis points compared to the first nine months of 2016, driven primarily by the same factors that impacted the quarter-over-quarter increase. Compared to the first nine months of 2016, the average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits increased 10 basis points.
Average earning assets increased $6.6 billion, or 4%, compared to the first nine months of 2015, due to a 12 basis point increase in the average earning asset yields driven by higher loan and securities AFS yields. Compared to the first nine months of 2015, rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities remained stable.
Average earning assets increased $9.3 billion, or 6%, during the first nine months of 2016, compared to 2015, driven primarily by a $7.6$3.6 billion, or 6%3%, increase in average LHFI and a $1.7$3.0 billion, or 6%11%, increase in average securities AFS. The increase in average LHFI was due largely todriven by growth across all consumer loan portfolios as well as growth in commercial construction, C&I, and nonguaranteed residential mortgages, consumer direct, and commercial construction loans.mortgages. These increases were offset partially offset by a declinedeclines in residential home equity products and CRE loans as paydowns exceeded new originations and draws. See the "Loans" section in this MD&A for additional discussion regarding loan activity.
Yields on average earning assets increased 12 basis points, to 3.22%, for the first nine months of 2016, compared to 2015, driven primarily by a 13 basis point increase in LHFI yields primarily attributable to increases in yield on average commercial loans, particularly in our C&I portfolio, as well as


an increase in yield on our consumer direct portfolio. The average earning asset LHFI yield increases were driven by higher benchmark interest rates, which increased late in the fourth quarter of 2015. Additionally, the yield on securities AFS increased 12 basis points in the first nine months of 2016, compared to 2015, driven largely by lower premium amortization on MBS securities. See the "Securities Available for Sale" section in this MD&A for additional information regarding the composition and associated yields on our investment securities.
Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $7.1$7.0 billion, or 6%, compared to 2015, primarily due to growth in NOW and money market account balances, partially offset by a decline in long-term debt. Average consumer and commercial deposits increased $9.0 billion, or 9%, compared to the first nine months of 2015, enabling a $1.22016, due primarily to growth in consumer and commercial deposits as well as an increase in long-term debt. Average interest-bearing consumer and commercial deposits increased $5.7 billion, or 10%5%, decreasecompared to the first nine months of 2016, due primarily to growth in averageNOW account balances resulting from continued success in deepening

client relationships. Average long-term debt drivenincreased $617 million, or 6%, compared to the first nine months of 2016, due primarily to the issuances of $1.0 billion of 3-year fixed rate senior notes, $300 million of 3-year floating rate senior notes and our second quarter issuance of $1.0 billion of 5-year fixed rate senior notes under our Global Bank Note program, partially offset by a decreasedecreases in average long-term FHLB advances. See the "Borrowings" section in this MD&A for additional information regarding other short-term borrowings and long-term debt.
Foregone Interest
Foregone interest income from NPLs had an immaterial effect on net interest margin during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Forgone interest income from NPLs reduced net interest margin by two basis points for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. Foregone interest income from NPLs had a limited effect on the net interest margin during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015. See additional discussion of our expectations of future credit quality in the “Loans,” “Allowance for Credit Losses,” and “Nonperforming Assets” sections of this MD&A. In addition, Table 21 of this MD&A contains more detailed information concerning average balances, yields earned, and rates paid.




NONINTEREST INCOME                      
          Table 3
          Table 2
Three Months Ended September 30   Nine Months Ended September 30  Three Months Ended September 30   Nine Months Ended September 30  
(Dollars in millions)2016 2015 
% Change 1
 2016 2015 
% Change 1
2017 2016 
% Change 2
 2017 2016 % Change
Service charges on deposit accounts
$162
 
$159
 2 % 
$477
 
$466
 2 %
$154
 
$162
 (5)% 
$453
 
$477
 (5)%
Other charges and fees93
 97
 (4) 290
 285
 2
92
 93
 (1) 291
 290
 
Card fees83
 83
 
 243
 247
 (2)86
 83
 4
 255
 243
 5
Investment banking income147
 115
 28
 372
 357
 4
166
 147
 13
 480
 372
 29
Trading income65
 31
 NM
 154
 140
 10
51
 65
 (22) 148
 154
 (4)
Trust and investment management income79
 80
 (1) 229
 230
 
Retail investment services69
 71
 (3) 208
 212
 (2)
Mortgage production related income118
 58
 NM
 288
 217
 33
61
 118
 (48) 170
 288
 (41)
Mortgage servicing related income49
 40
 23
 164
 113
 45
46
 49
 (6) 148
 164
 (10)
Trust and investment management income80
 86
 (7) 230
 255
 (10)
Retail investment services71
 77
 (8) 212
 229
 (7)
Gain on sale of premises
 
 
 52
 
 NM
Commercial real estate related income 1
17
 8
 NM
 61
 36
 69
Net securities gains
 7
 (100) 4
 21
 (81)
 
 
 1
 4
 (75)
Other noninterest income21
 58
 (64) 83
 173
 (52)
Other noninterest income 1
25
 13
 92
 76
 99
 (23)
Total noninterest income
$889
 
$811
 10 % 
$2,569
 
$2,503
 3 %
$846
 
$889
 (5)% 
$2,520
 
$2,569
 (2)%
1“NM” Beginning January 1, 2017, we began presenting income related to our Pillar, STCC, and Structured Real Estate businesses as a separate line item on the Consolidated Statements of Income titled Commercial real estate related income. For periods prior to January 1, 2017, these amounts were previously presented in Other noninterest income and have been reclassified to Commercial real estate related income for comparability.
2 "NM" - Not meaningful. Those changes over 100 percent were not considered to be meaningful.

Noninterest income increased $78decreased $43 million, or 10%5%, compared to the third quarter of 2015,2016 and increased $66decreased $49 million, or 3%2%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015.2016. The increasedecrease compared to the third quarter of 20152016 was driven by higher mortgage and capital markets-relatedreduced mortgage-related income, partially offset by a decline in other noninterest income due to gains from the sale of loans and leases in the prior year quarter.higher investment banking income. The increasedecrease compared to the nine months ended September 30, 20152016 was driven by higher mortgagelower mortgage-related income and capital markets-relatedother noninterest income the second quarter gainas well as reduced service charges on sale of premises, and higher client transaction-related fees, partiallydeposit accounts, offset by a decline in wealth management-related incomehigher capital markets and a reduction in gains from sales of securities, loans, and leases. The growth in noninterest income for both periods reflects our ongoing strategic investments in talent and capabilities across our businesses.commercial real estate related income.
Client transaction-related-fees, which include service charges on deposit accounts, other charges and fees, and card fees, remained relatively flatdecreased $6 million, or 2%, compared to the third quarter of 20152016 and increased $12decreased $11 million, or 1%, compared to the nine
months ended September 30, 2015. The increase compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was due primarily to increased client activity. Consistent with our previous guidance,2016. These decreases were driven by our enhanced posting order process will be fully implemented inthat was instituted during the fourth quarter of this year, which we expect will result in a reduction in service charges on deposit accounts of approximately $10 million per quarter going forward.2016.
Investment banking income increased $32$19 million, or 28%13%, compared to the third quarter of 2015,2016 and increased $15$108 million, or 29%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. These increases were due to strong deal flow activity across most product categories, particularly equity offerings, mergers and acquisitions advisory, and syndicated finance.
Trading income decreased $14 million, or 22%, compared to the third quarter of 2016 and decreased $6 million, or 4%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase for both periods was2016. These decreases were driven by strong deal flowlower client trading activity across most product categories as we continue to expand and deepen client relationships. The growth was due, in large part, to strength in equity capital markets and mergers and acquisitions advisory services. The increasehigher counterparty credit valuation reserves.
Mortgage production related income decreased $57 million, or 48%, compared to the third quarter of 2015 was also driven by strong results in syndicated finance.
Trading income increased $34 million compared to the third quarter of 2015,2016 and increased $14decreased $118 million, or 10%, compared


to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase for both periods was driven primarily by higher client activity and more favorable market conditions, as well as higher core trading revenue in the third quarter, most notably fixed income sales and trading. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was offset partially by a CVA-related valuation adjustment recognized in the second quarter of 2016.
Mortgage production related income increased $60 million compared to the third quarter of 2015, and increased $71 million, or 33%41%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase for both periods was due primarily to higher2016. These decreases were driven by lower gain
on sale margins and lower production volume due to decreased refinancing activity. Mortgage application volume decreased 35% and an increase in gain-on-sale margins. Mortgage productionclosed loan volume increased 37%decreased 27% compared to the third quarter of 2015,2016. Mortgage application volume decreased 27% and 16%closed loan volume decreased 13% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Looking to the fourth quarter of 2016, we expect mortgage production income to decline relative to the third quarter due to moderating application activity; however, we expect mortgage production income to improve relative to the fourth quarter of 2015.2016.
Mortgage servicing related income increased $9decreased $3 million, or 23%6%, compared to the third quarter of 2015, and increased $51 million, or 45%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase for both periods was due to higher servicing fees resulting from a larger servicing portfolio and improved net hedge performance. Servicing asset decay was higher in the current quarter due to elevated refinancing activity; however, year-to-date servicing asset decay declined due to a lower MSR value resulting from the lower interest rate environment. The UPB of mortgage loans in the servicing portfolio was $154.0 billion at September 30, 2016 compared to $149.2 billion at September 30, 2015. The increase in our servicing portfolio was driven by MSR purchases on residential loans with a UPB of $2.8 billion and $10.9 billion during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively.
Trust and investment management income decreased $6 million, or 7%, compared to the third quarter of 2015, and decreased $25$16 million, or 10%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015.2016. These decreases were due to lower net hedge performance and higher servicing asset decay, offset partially by higher servicing fees. The decrease for both periodsUPB of mortgage loans in the servicing portfolio was due primarily$165.3 billion at September 30, 2017, compared to a mix shift in assets under management, as well as a decline in non-recurring revenue.$154.0 billion at September 30, 2016.
Retail investment servicesCommercial real estate related income decreased $6increased $9 million or 8%, compared to the third quarter of 2015,2016 and decreased $17increased $25 million, or 7%69%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The decline for both periods was2016. These increases were due largely to reduced transactional activity,income generated from Pillar, which we acquired in December 2016, offset partially offset by an increase in retail brokerage managed assets in response to our clients' strategic shift towards our managed asset products.lower structured real estate revenue.
Net securities gains decreased $7Other noninterest income increased $12 million, or 100%92%, compared to the third quarter of 2015,2016 and decreased $17$23 million, or 81%, compared the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The decrease for both periods was due to higher gains recognized on the sale of MBS in 2015 as a result of our repositioning of the investment portfolio.
Gain on sale of premises totaled $52 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, associated with the sale-leaseback of one of our office buildings, which supports our strategy of reducing our real estate footprint.
Other noninterest income decreased $37 million, or 64%, compared to the third quarter of 2015, and declined $90 million, or 52%23%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015.2016. The decreaseincrease compared to the third quarter of 20152016 was due largelyprimarily to lower gains recognized on the sale of loans and leases as well ascertain asset impairment charges recognized in the current quarter.third quarter of 2016. The decrease compared to the nine months ended September 30, 20152016 was due todriven primarily by $44 million of net asset-related gains we benefited from in the same factors impacting the quarterly comparison along with an $18second quarter of 2016, offset largely by a $24 million gainincrease in net gains recognized on the sale of legacy affordable housing investments inleases and commercial LHFS during the first quarternine months of 2015.2017.



NONINTEREST EXPENSE                      
          Table 4
          Table 3
Three Months Ended September 30   Nine Months Ended September 30  Three Months Ended September 30   Nine Months Ended September 30  
(Dollars in millions)2016 2015 
% Change 1
 2016 2015 
% Change 1
2017 2016 
% Change 1
 2017 2016 % Change
Employee compensation
$687
 
$641
 7 % 
$1,994
 
$1,926
 4 %
$725
 
$687
 6 % 
$2,152
 
$1,994
 8 %
Employee benefits86
 84
 2
 315
 326
 (3)81
 86
 (6) 302
 315
 (4)
Total personnel expenses773
 725
 7
 2,309
 2,252
 3
806
 773
 4
 2,454
 2,309
 6
Outside processing and software225
 200
 13
 626
 593
 6
203
 225
 (10) 612
 626
 (2)
Net occupancy expense93
 86
 8
 256
 255
 
94
 93
 1
 280
 256
 9
Regulatory assessments47
 47
 
 143
 127
 13
Marketing and customer development45
 38
 18
 129
 120
 8
Equipment expense44
 41
 7
 126
 123
 2
40
 44
 (9) 123
 126
 (2)
Marketing and customer development38
 42
 (10) 120
 104
 15
Regulatory assessments47
 32
 47
 127
 104
 22
Operating losses35
 3
 NM
 85
 33
 NM
Credit and collection services17
 8
 NM
 47
 52
 (10)
Amortization14
 9
 56
 35
 22
 59
22
 14
 57
 49
 35
 40
Operating (gains)/losses(34) 35
 NM
 17
 85
 (80)
Other noninterest expense123
 118
 4
 341
 334
 2
168
 140
 20
 436
 388
 12
Total noninterest expense
$1,409
 
$1,264
 11% 
$4,072
 
$3,872
 5 %
$1,391
 
$1,409
 (1%) 
$4,243
 
$4,072
 4 %
1“NM” “NM” - Not meaningful. Those changes over 100 percent were not considered to be meaningful.

Noninterest expense increased $145decreased $18 million, or 11%1%, compared to the third quarter of 2015,2016 and increased $200$171 million, or 5%4%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015.2016. The increase for both periods was driven by higher regulatory and compliance-related costs, higher costs associated with increased revenue and business activity, and lower incentive-based compensation costs and discrete mortgage-related benefits in the third quarter of 2015.
Personnel expenses increased $48 million, or 7%,decrease compared to the third quarter of 2015,2016 was driven by the favorable resolution of several legal matters during the current quarter as well as reduced outside processing and increased $57 million, or 3%,software expense, offset partially by higher employee compensation and higher other noninterest expense. The increase compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase for both periods2016 was due primarily todriven largely by higher employee compensation (as a result of improved business performance and the acquisition of Pillar), together with increases in net occupancy expense, other noninterest expense, and regulatory assessments, offset partially by the aforementioned favorable resolution of several legal matters and lower incentive-based compensation in the third quarter of 2015, as well as higher salaries and incentive-based compensation in the current quarter related to improved revenue and business performance.
Outsideoutside processing and software expenseexpense.
Personnel expenses increased $25$33 million, or 13%4%, compared to the third quarter of 2015,2016 and increased $33$145 million, or 6%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase for both periods was driven by increased business activity levels,2016. These increases were due primarily to higher utilization of third party services, and increased investments in technology to enable ongoing efficiency initiatives.
Net occupancy expense increased $7 million, or 8%, compared to the third quarter of 2015, and remained relatively stable compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase compared to the third quarter of 2015 was due to lower gains from prior sale-leaseback transactions during the current quarter,employee compensation costs associated with improved revenue growth as well as the recognition of previously deferred sale-leaseback gainsincremental compensation costs associated with the Pillar acquisition in the second quarter of 2016 as a result of a reduction in our usage of leased office space. Relative to the third quarter of 2016 level, we expect net occupancy expense to be relatively stable over the next one to two years, as further reductions in amortized gains will be generally offset by a more efficient branch network.December 2016.
MarketingOutside processing and customer developmentsoftware expense decreased $4$22 million, or 10%, compared to the third quarter of 2015,2016 and increased $16decreased $14 million, or 15%2%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The decrease compared to the third
quarter of 2015 was2016. These decreases were due primarily to lower advertising costs in the current quarter. The increase compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was primarily due totransaction volume, efficiencies generated with third party providers, and insourcing of certain activities, partially offset by higher advertising costs during the first half of 2016 associated with our campaign to further advance the Company's purpose.software related investments.
Regulatory assessmentsNet occupancy expense increased $15$24 million, or 47%, compared to the third quarter of 2015, and increased $23 million, or 22%9%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase for both periods was driven primarily by the FDIC surcharge on large banks, which became effective during the current quarter, and higher FDIC assessment fees due2016 in response to asset growth and a higher assessment rate.reduced amortized gains from prior sale leaseback transactions.
Operating lossesRegulatory assessments expense increased $32 million compared to the third quarter of 2015, and increased $52 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase for both periods was due primarily to favorable developments in previous mortgage-related matters, resulting in accrual reductions recognized in 2015.
Credit and collection services increased $9 million compared to the third quarter of 2015, and decreased $5$16 million, or 10%13%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The2016.
This increase compared towas driven by the FDIC surcharge on large banks that became effective in the third quarter of 2015 was driven primarily by higher credit-related expenses recognized in the current quarter related2016, and a larger assessment base attributable to increased business activity. The decrease compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was driven primarily by mortgage transaction related reserve releases due to the expiration of representationbalance sheet growth.
Marketing and warranty obligations, offset partially by the current quarter increase in credit-related expenses.
Amortizationcustomer development expense increased $5$7 million, or 56%18%, compared to the third quarter of 2015,2016 and increased $13$9 million, or 59%8%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase for both periods was2016. These increases were driven by increased investmentssponsorship costs together with variability in certain low-incomeadvertising and client development costs.
Amortization expense increased $8 million, or 57%, compared to the third quarter of 2016 and increased $14 million, or 40%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. These increases were driven by an increase in our community development projects,investments, which also resulted in a similar increase inare amortized over the life of the related tax credits.credits that these investments generate. See the "Community Development Investments" section of Note 8, "Certain Transfers of Financial Assets and Variable Interest Entities," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for additional information regarding our community developmentthese investments.
Operating losses decreased $69 million compared to the third quarter of 2016, resulting in a $34 million operating gain for the current quarter. Compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, operating losses decreased $68 million, or 80%. These decreases were driven by the favorable resolution of several legal matters, which aggregated to $58 million, during the current quarter.
Other noninterest expense increased $28 million, or 20%, compared to the third quarter of 2016 and increased $48 million, or 12%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. These increases were due primarily to higher severance costs and software-related writedowns recognized in the current quarter associated with ongoing efficiency initiatives.


LOANS
Our disclosures about the credit quality of our loan portfolio and the related credit reserves (i) describe the nature of credit risk inherent in the loan portfolio, (ii) provide information on how we analyze and assess credit risk in arriving at an adequate and appropriate ALLL, and (iii) explain changes in the ALLL as well as reasons for those changes.
Our loan portfolio consists of three loan segments: commercial, residential, and consumer. Loans are assigned to these segments based on the type of borrower, purpose, collateral, and/or our underlying credit management processes. Additionally, we further disaggregate each loan segment into loan types based on common characteristics within each loan segment.
Commercial Loans
C&I loans include loans to fund business operations or activities, loans secured by owner-occupied properties, corporate credit cards, and other wholesale lending activities. Commercial loans secured by owner-occupied properties are classified as C&I loans because the primary source of loan repayment for these properties is business income and not real estate operations. CRE and commercial construction loans include investor loans where repayment is largely dependent upon the operation, refinance, or sale of the underlying real estate.

Residential Loans
Residential mortgages, both government-guaranteed and nonguaranteed, consist of loans secured by 1-4 family homes, mostly prime, first-lien loans. Residential home equity products consist of equity lines of credit and closed-end equity loans that may be in either a first lien or junior lien position. Residential construction loans include owner-occupied residential lotconstruction-to-perm loans and construction-to-permresidential lot loans.

Consumer Loans
Consumer loans include government-guaranteed student loans, indirect loans (consisting of loans secured by automobiles, boats, and recreational vehicles), other direct loans (consisting primarily of unsecured loans, direct auto loans, loans secured by negotiable collateral, and private student loans), and consumer credit cards.
 
The composition of our loan portfolio is shownpresented in Table 5.4:
Loan Portfolio by Types of LoansLoan Portfolio by Types of LoansTable 5
Loan Portfolio by Types of LoansTable 4
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Commercial loans:      
C&I
$68,298
 
$67,062
C&I 1

$67,758
 
$69,213
CRE5,056
 6,236
5,238
 4,996
Commercial construction3,875
 1,954
3,964
 4,015
Total commercial loans77,229
 75,252
76,960
 78,224
Residential loans:      
Residential mortgages - guaranteed521
 629
497
 537
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed 1
26,306
 24,744
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed 2
27,041
 26,137
Residential home equity products12,178
 13,171
10,865
 11,912
Residential construction393
 384
327
 404
Total residential loans39,398
 38,928
38,730
 38,990
Consumer loans:      
Guaranteed student5,844
 4,922
6,559
 6,167
Other direct7,358
 6,127
8,597
 7,771
Indirect10,434
 10,127
11,952
 10,736
Credit cards1,269
 1,086
1,466
 1,410
Total consumer loans 24,905
 22,262
28,574
 26,084
LHFI
$141,532
 
$136,442

$144,264
 
$143,298
LHFS 2

$3,772
 
$1,838
LHFS 3

$2,835
 
$4,169
1 Includes $234$3.5 billion and $3.7 billion of lease financing and $764 million and $257$729 million of installment loans at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
2 Includes $206 million and $222 million of LHFI measured at fair value at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.
23 Includes $3.0$2.3 billion and $1.5$3.5 billion of LHFS measured at fair value at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.


Table 65 presents our LHFI portfolio by geography (based on the U.S. Census Bureau's classifications of U.S. regions):
             Table 6
             Table 5
September 30, 2016September 30, 2017
Commercial Residential Consumer Total LHFICommercial Residential Consumer Total LHFI
(Dollars in millions)Balance % of Total Commercial Balance % of Total Residential Balance % of Total Consumer Balance % of Total LHFIBalance % of Total Commercial Balance % of Total Residential Balance % of Total Consumer Balance % of Total LHFI
South region:                              
Florida
$12,708
 16% 
$9,491
 24% 
$3,924
 16% 
$26,123
 18%
$12,953
 17% 
$9,212
 24% 
$4,247
 15% 
$26,412
 18%
Georgia9,712
 13
 5,912
 15
 2,093
 8
 17,717
 13
10,148
 13
 5,905
 15
 2,500
 9
 18,553
 13
Virginia6,420
 8
 5,986
 15
 1,550
 6
 13,956
 10
6,425
 8
 5,817
 15
 1,757
 6
 13,999
 10
Maryland4,156
 5
 4,510
 11
 1,341
 5
 10,007
 7
4,058
 5
 4,601
 12
 1,459
 5
 10,118
 7
North Carolina4,201
 5
 3,543
 9
 1,554
 6
 9,298
 7
4,582
 6
 3,517
 9
 1,830
 6
 9,929
 7
Texas3,718
 5
 550
 1
 3,508
 12
 7,776
 5
Tennessee4,483
 6
 2,049
 5
 943
 4
 7,475
 5
4,305
 6
 1,929
 5
 1,056
 4
 7,290
 5
Texas3,918
 5
 479
 1
 2,830
 11
 7,227
 5
South Carolina1,598
 2
 1,749
 4
 570
 2
 3,917
 3
1,209
 2
 1,692
 4
 690
 2
 3,591
 2
District of Columbia1,334
 2
 875
 2
 98
 
 2,307
 2
1,488
 2
 895
 2
 106
 
 2,489
 2
Other Southern states4,009
 5
 587
 1
 1,479
 6
 6,075
 4
3,537
 5
 654
 2
 1,697
 6
 5,888
 4
Total South region52,539
 68
 35,181
 89
 16,382
 66
 104,102
 74
52,423
 68
 34,772
 90
 18,850
 66
 106,045
 74
Northeast region:                              
New York4,791
 6
 131
 
 868
 3
 5,790
 4
4,933
 6
 116
 
 999
 3
 6,048
 4
Pennsylvania1,651
 2
 110
 
 930
 4
 2,691
 2
1,497
 2
 108
 
 1,085
 4
 2,690
 2
New Jersey1,418
 2
 136
 
 483
 2
 2,037
 1
1,460
 2
 128
 
 557
 2
 2,145
 1
Other Northeastern states2,530
 3
 228
 1
 594
 2
 3,352
 2
2,702
 4
 213
 1
 663
 2
 3,578
 2
Total Northeast region10,390
 13
 605
 2
 2,875
 12
 13,870
 10
10,592
 14
 565
 1
 3,304
 12
 14,461
 10
West region:                              
California4,106
 5
 2,205
 6
 1,234
 5
 7,545
 5
4,510
 6
 1,973
 5
 1,334
 5
 7,817
 5
Other Western states2,326
 3
 861
 2
 1,184
 5
 4,371
 3
2,474
 3
 871
 2
 1,333
 5
 4,678
 3
Total West region6,432
 8
 3,066
 8
 2,418
 10
 11,916
 8
6,984
 9
 2,844
 7
 2,667
 9
 12,495
 9
Midwest region:                              
Illinois1,649
 2
 218
 1
 530
 2
 2,397
 2
1,687
 2
 227
 1
 665
 2
 2,579
 2
Ohio921
 1
 44
 
 551
 2
 1,516
 1
744
 1
 37
 
 632
 2
 1,413
 1
Other Midwestern states3,286
 4
 284
 1
 2,084
 8
 5,654
 4
3,073
 4
 285
 1
 2,381
 8
 5,739
 4
Total Midwest region5,856
 8
 546
 1
 3,165
 13
 9,567
 7
5,504
 7
 549
 1
 3,678
 13
 9,731
 7
Foreign loans2,012
 3
 
 
 65
 
 2,077
 1
1,457
 2
 
 
 75
 
 1,532
 1
Total
$77,229
 100% 
$39,398
 100% 
$24,905
 100% 
$141,532
 100%
$76,960
 100% 
$38,730
 100% 
$28,574
 100% 
$144,264
 100%


December 31, 2015December 31, 2016
Commercial Residential Consumer Total LHFICommercial Residential Consumer Total LHFI
(Dollars in millions)Balance % of Total Commercial Balance % of Total Residential Balance % of Total Consumer Balance % of Total LHFIBalance % of Total Commercial Balance % of Total Residential Balance % of Total Consumer Balance % of Total LHFI
South region:                              
Florida
$12,712
 17% 
$9,752
 25% 
$3,764
 17% 
$26,228
 19%
$13,143
 17% 
$9,416
 24% 
$4,071
 16% 
$26,630
 19%
Georgia9,820
 13
 5,917
 15
 1,769
 8
 17,506
 13
9,991
 13
 5,909
 15
 2,215
 8
 18,115
 13
Virginia6,650
 9
 5,976
 15
 1,446
 6
 14,072
 10
6,727
 9
 5,924
 15
 1,614
 6
 14,265
 10
Maryland4,220
 6
 4,280
 11
 1,262
 6
 9,762
 7
4,100
 5
 4,536
 12
 1,377
 5
 10,013
 7
North Carolina4,106
 5
 3,549
 9
 1,419
 6
 9,074
 7
4,211
 5
 3,509
 9
 1,645
 6
 9,365
 7
Tennessee4,710
 6
 2,123
 5
 818
 4
 7,651
 6
4,631
 6
 2,003
 5
 989
 4
 7,623
 5
Texas3,362
 4
 351
 1
 2,592
 12
 6,305
 5
3,794
 5
 485
 1
 2,995
 11
 7,274
 5
South Carolina1,517
 2
 1,796
 5
 497
 2
 3,810
 3
1,707
 2
 1,723
 4
 599
 2
 4,029
 3
District of Columbia1,375
 2
 790
 2
 85
 
 2,250
 2
1,330
 2
 874
 2
 102
 
 2,306
 2
Other Southern states4,100
 5
 556
 1
 1,346
 6
 6,002
 4
3,884
 5
 583
 1
 1,547
 6
 6,014
 4
Total South region52,572
 70
 35,090
 90
 14,998
 67
 102,660
 75
53,518
 68
 34,962
 90
 17,154
 66
 105,634
 74
Northeast region:                              
New York4,489
 6
 142
 
 717
 3
 5,348
 4
4,906
 6
 127
 
 917
 4
 5,950
 4
Pennsylvania1,651
 2
 111
 
 776
 3
 2,538
 2
1,534
 2
 108
 
 981
 4
 2,623
 2
New Jersey1,563
 2
 137
 
 400
 2
 2,100
 2
1,353
 2
 133
 
 504
 2
 1,990
 1
Other Northeastern states2,165
 3
 230
 1
 516
 2
 2,911
 2
2,856
 4
 216
 1
 625
 2
 3,697
 3
Total Northeast region9,868
 13
 620
 2
 2,409
 11
 12,897
 9
10,649
 14
 584
 1
 3,027
 12
 14,260
 10
West region:                              
California3,368
 4
 1,954
 5
 1,091
 5
 6,413
 5
4,137
 5
 2,069
 5
 1,269
 5
 7,475
 5
Other Western states2,059
 3
 752
 2
 1,037
 5
 3,848
 3
2,384
 3
 845
 2
 1,232
 5
 4,461
 3
Total West region5,427
 7
 2,706
 7
 2,128
 10
 10,261
 8
6,521
 8
 2,914
 7
 2,501
 10
 11,936
 8
Midwest region:                              
Illinois1,614
 2
 185
 
 420
 2
 2,219
 2
1,614
 2
 213
 1
 559
 2
 2,386
 2
Ohio885
 1
 52
 
 457
 2
 1,394
 1
638
 1
 41
 
 581
 2
 1,260
 1
Other Midwestern states3,360
 4
 275
 1
 1,803
 8
 5,438
 4
3,157
 4
 276
 1
 2,193
 8
 5,626
 4
Total Midwest region5,859
 8
 512
 1
 2,680
 12
 9,051
 7
5,409
 7
 530
 1
 3,333
 13
 9,272
 6
Foreign loans1,526
 2
 
 
 47
 
 1,573
 1
2,127
 3
 
 
 69
 
 2,196
 2
Total
$75,252
 100% 
$38,928
 100% 
$22,262
 100% 
$136,442
 100%
$78,224
 100% 
$38,990
 100% 
$26,084
 100% 
$143,298
 100%

Loans Held for Investment
LHFI totaled $141.5$144.3 billion at September 30, 2016,2017, an increase of $5.1 billion,$966 million, or 4%1%, from December 31, 2015,2016, driven largely by growth in consumer loans, nonguaranteed residential mortgages, and CRE loans, offset partially by decreases in C&I loans and residential home equity products.
Average LHFI during the third quarter of 2017 totaled $144.7 billion, up $266 million compared to the prior quarter, driven by growth in consumer loans, commercial construction loans, and nonguaranteed residential mortgages. These increases were offset partially offset by decreasesdeclines in residential home equity products and CRE loans.
Average loans during the third quarter of 2016 totaled $142.3 billion, up $1.0 billion, or 1%, compared to the prior quarter driven primarily by loan growth in consumer loans and nonguaranteed residential mortgages, partially offset by declines in C&I loans and residential home equity products. See the "Net Interest Income/Margin" section of this MD&A for more information regarding average loan balances.
Commercial loans increased $2.0decreased $1.3 billion, or 3%2%, during the first nine months of 2016, driven largely by2017 compared to December 31, 2016. This decrease was due to a $1.2$1.5 billion, or 2%, increasedecline in C&I loans resulting from growthdriven by elevated paydowns and lower revolver utilization. The decrease in C&I loans was offset partially by a number of industry verticals and client segments. Commercial construction$242 million, or 5%, increase in CRE loans also increased by $1.9 billion, or 98%, compared to December 31, 2015, due to a reclassification of $1.1 billion of CRE loans to the commercial constructionorganic loan portfolio this quarter in accordance with a revised interpretation of regulatory classification requirements. CRE loans decreased $1.2 billion, or 19%, compared to December 31, 2015, due primarily to the aforementioned reclassification.production and draws on existing commitments.
Residential loans increased $470decreased $260 million, or 1%, compared to December 31, 2015,2016, driven by a $1.6 billion, or 6%, increase in nonguaranteed residential mortgages as new originations exceeded paydowns. The increase in nonguaranteed residential mortgages was offset largely by a $993 million,$1.0 billion, or 8%9%, decrease
in residential home equity products as payoffs and paydowns exceeded new originations and draws during the first nine months of 2016.2017. The decrease in residential home equity products was offset largely by a $904 million, or 3%, increase in nonguaranteed residential mortgages.
At September 30, 2016,2017, 40% of our residential home equity products were in a first lien position and 60% were in a junior
lien position. For residential home equity products in a junior lien position, we own or service 30%31% of the loans that are senior to the home equity product. Approximately 10%11% of the home equity line portfolio is due to convert to amortizing term loans by the end of 20162017 and an additional 28%14% enter the conversion phase over the following three years.
We perform credit management activities to limit our loss exposure on home equity accounts. These activities may result in the suspension of available credit and curtailment of available draws of most home equity junior lien accounts when the first lien position is delinquent, including when the junior lien is still current. We monitor the delinquency status of first mortgages serviced by other parties and actively monitor refreshed credit bureau scores of borrowers with junior liens, as these scores are highly sensitive to first lien mortgage delinquency. The loss severity on home equity junior lien accounts was approximately 71% and 75% at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The average borrower FICO score related to loans in our home equity portfolio was approximately 760770 and 765, and the average outstanding loan size was approximately $45,000 and $46,000 at both September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015.2016, respectively. The loss severity on home equity junior lien accounts that incurred charge-offs was approximately 72% and 74% at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
Consumer loans increased $2.6$2.5 billion, or 12%10%, during the first nine months of 2016,2017, driven by growth across all consumer loan classescategories as our consumer lending strategiesinitiatives continue to produce profitable growth through each ofbe well received by our major channels.


clients. Specifically, other directindirect loans increased $1.2 billion, or 20%11%, other direct loans increased $826 million, or 11%, and guaranteed student loans increased $922$392 million, or 19%, indirect loans increased $307 million, or 3%, and credit card loans increased $183 million, or 17%6%. These increases were partially offset by a $1.0 billion indirect automobile loan sale in the third quarter of 2016, resulting in a gain of $8 million, as part of our overall balance sheet optimization strategy.

Loans Held for Sale
LHFS increased $1.9decreased $1.3 billion, or 32%, during the first nine months of 2016, driven primarily by increased2017, as loan sales exceeded conventional mortgage production.production into LHFS.
Asset Quality
Our asset quality excluding energy-related exposure,metrics remained very strong during the third quarter and first nine months of 2016,2017, driven by economic growth, and improved residential housing markets. Our strong position reflectsmarkets, and significant progress in working through problem energy-related exposures, which is evidenced by our modest net charge-off and NPL ratios. These levels reflect the relative strength of our LHFI portfolio in response to proactive actionssteps we have taken over the past several years to de-risk, diversify, and improve the quality of our loan portfolio. Our current quarter financial results were impacted by recent hurricanes, which caused the slight increase in the ALLL to period-end LHFI ratio compared to the prior quarter as well as the sequential quarter increase in the provision for credit losses. See the “Allowance for Credit Losses” section of this MD&A for additional information regarding our ALLL and provision for credit losses.
NPAs increased $284decreased $127 million, or 39%14%, compared to December 31, 2015,2016, driven primarily by increases inthe continued resolution of problem energy-related C&I NPLs and residential home equity NPLs, the latter of which was associated with changes to our home equity line risk mitigation program that were implemented during the first quarter of 2016.exposures. At September 30, 2016, substantially all2017, the ratio of the home equity NPLs modified in 2016 were current with respect to payments and the majority are expected to return to accruing status after the borrowers have demonstrated six months of consistent payment history. At September 30, 2016, NPLs to totalperiod-end LHFI was 0.67%0.48%, an increasea decrease of 1811 basis points compared to December 31, 2015, due to the aforementioned increase in home equity and energy-related NPLs (for additional discussion, see the following "Energy-related Loan Exposure" section).2016.
Net charge-offs were $78 million during the third quarter of 2017, compared to $70 million during the prior quarter and $126 million during the third quarter of 2016,2016. The net charge-off ratio
was 0.21% for the third quarter of 2017, compared to $137 million during0.20% for the prior quarter and $71 million during the third quarter of 2015. The current quarter included $33 million in energy-related net charge-offs, compared to $70 million in the prior quarter. This improvement in energy-related charge-offs drove a four basis point reduction in our net charge-off ratio to 0.35% for the third quarter of 2016,2016. The decrease in net charge-offs compared to 0.39% for the prior year quarter was driven primarily by overall asset quality improvements and 0.21% forlower net charge-offs associated with energy-related exposures, offset partially by higher net charge-offs associated with consumer loans. For the third quarterfirst nine months of 2015. Net2017 and 2016, net charge-offs were $347$261 million and $258$347 million, and the net charge-off ratio was 0.33%0.24% and 0.26%0.33%, for the first nine months of 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Early stage delinquencies decreased six basis points from December 31, 2015, to 0.64%were 0.71%, 0.66%, and 0.72% of total loans at September 30, 2016.2017, June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively. Early stage delinquencies, excluding government-guaranteed loans, were 0.25%0.29%, 0.22%, and 0.30%0.27% at September 30, 20162017, June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively. The increases in early stage delinquencies described above resulted primarily from impacts associated with the recent hurricanes.
Going forward, assuming no significant changesAs it relates to hurricane impacts, we expect a modest increase in delinquencies and charge-offs over the next several quarters, driven primarily by the residential and consumer loan portfolios. We believe that losses from the recent hurricanes are very manageable in the macroeconomic environment,context of the overall Company, given the strength and diversity of our LHFI portfolio. Overall, we expect NPLs to modestly decline in the near-term and expect our overalloperate within a net charge-off ratio to beof between 3025 and 35 basis points forover the full year 2016.near term. We also expect our ALLLcontinue to period-end LHFI ratio to remain relatively stable in the medium-term, which should result inforecast a provision for loan losses that modestly exceedsgenerally approximates net charge-offs.
Energy-related Loan Exposure
We believe that our LHFI portfolio is well diversified by product, client, and geography. However, the LHFI portfolio may be exposed to concentrations of credit risk which exist in relation to individual borrowers or groups of borrowers, types of collateral, certain industries, certain loan products, or regions of the country.
The energy industry vertical is a component of our CIB business. At both September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, outstanding loans in the energy portfolio totaled $3.1 billion, and represented 2% of the total loan portfolio. Total exposure, which includes funded and unfunded commitments, was $8.8 billion and $9.3 billion at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, and represented 4% of our total funded and unfunded commitments at each period end. Loans in the energy portfolio that were in a second lien position at September 30, 2016, were immaterial.
Outstanding loan exposure to the two most adversely impacted sectors, namely oil field services and exploration & production, represented 14% and 21%, respectively, of our energy loan portfolio at September 30, 2016, compared to 15% and 23%, respectively, at December 31, 2015. The remaining energy loan portfolio relates to borrowers in the midstream (i.e., pipeline & transportation) and downstream (i.e., refining & distribution) energy sectors, which have not been as meaningfully impacted by lower commodity prices.
During the third quarter of 2016, net charge-offs on energy loans totaled $33 million and energy-related NPLs declined from $354 million at June 30, 2016 to $337 million at September 30, 2016. At September 30, 2016, 11% of our total energy loans were nonperforming and 30% were criticized (which includes nonperforming loans and criticized accruing loans), both unchanged from the prior quarter, but up from 6% and 19%, respectively, at December 31, 2015. At September 30, 2016, 89% of our nonperforming energy loans were current with respect to payments; however, they are classified as nonperforming due to uncertainty regarding the full collectability of principal, as discussed in the "Critical Accounting Policies" MD&A section and Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We have taken a thorough approach to managing our energy exposure and accounting for increased probable loss content in our reserve estimation process. This includes increasing the resources and intensity around mitigating our risk and helping our clients navigate through this downturn. Reserves associated with the energy portfolio represented 5.5% and 4.6% of total outstanding energy loans at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Assuming no significant changes in the macroeconomic environment, we expect $40 million to $60 million of energy-related charge-offs over the next two to three quarters. We continue to view our energy-related risk as manageable in the context of our overall Company. See Note 5, “Loans,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for more information on our LHFI portfolio.


ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The allowance for credit losses consists of the ALLL and the reserve for unfunded commitments. A rollforward of our allowance for credit losses and summarized credit loss experience is shown in Table 7.6. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," and the "Critical Accounting Policies"
 
MD&A section of our 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as Note 6, "Allowance for Credit Losses," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for further information regarding our ALLL accounting policy, determination, and allocation.


Summary of Credit Losses Experience          Table 7
          Table 6
Three Months Ended September 30   Nine Months Ended September 30  Three Months Ended September 30   Nine Months Ended September 30  
(Dollars in millions)2016 2015 
% Change 4
 2016 2015 
% Change 4
2017 2016 
% Change 4
 2017 2016 
% Change 4
Allowance for Credit Losses                      
Balance - beginning of period
$1,840
 
$1,886
 (2)% 
$1,815
 
$1,991
 (9)%
$1,803
 
$1,840
 (2)% 
$1,776
 
$1,815
 (2)%
Provision for unfunded commitments2
 9
 (78) 5
 7
 (29)1
 2
 (50) 6
 5
 20
Provision/(benefit) for loan losses:                      
Commercial loans81
 33
 NM
 293
 74
 NM
5
 81
 (94) 89
 293
 (70)
Residential loans(36) (39) 8
 (72) (30) NM
29
 (36) NM
 33
 (72) NM
Consumer loans50
 29
 72
 117
 63
 86
85
 50
 70
 202
 117
 73
Total provision for loan losses95
 23
 NM
 338
 107
 NM
119
 95
 25
 324
 338
 (4)
Charge-offs:          
          
Commercial loans(78) (23) NM
 (209) (82) NM
(33) (78) (58) (122) (209) (42)
Residential loans(28) (47) (40) (102) (177) (42)(23) (28) (18) (78) (102) (24)
Consumer loans(44) (32) 38
 (117) (97) 21
(53) (44) 20
 (157) (117) 34
Total charge-offs(150) (102) 47
 (428) (356) 20
(109) (150) (27) (357) (428) (17)
Recoveries:                      
Commercial loans7
 10
 (30) 26
 35
 (26)11
 7
 57
 32
 26
 23
Residential loans7
 11
 (36) 22
 31
 (29)8
 7
 14
 27
 22
 23
Consumer loans10
 10
 
 33
 32
 3
12
 10
 20
 37
 33
 12
Total recoveries24
 31
 (23) 81
 98
 (17)31
 24
 29
 96
 81
 19
Net charge-offs(126) (71) 77
 (347) (258) 34
(78) (126) (38) (261) (347) (25)
Balance - end of period
$1,811
 
$1,847
 (2)% 
$1,811
 
$1,847
 (2)%
$1,845
 
$1,811
 2 % 
$1,845
 
$1,811
 2 %
Components:                      
ALLL    

 
$1,743
 
$1,786
 (2)%    

 
$1,772
 
$1,743
 2 %
Unfunded commitments reserve 1
    

 68
 61
 11
    

 73
 68
 7
Allowance for credit losses

 

 

 
$1,811
 
$1,847
 (2)%

 

 

 
$1,845
 
$1,811
 2 %
Average LHFI
$142,257
 
$132,837
 7 % 
$140,628
 
$133,000
 6 %
$144,706
 
$142,257
 2 % 
$144,276
 
$140,628
 3 %
Period-end LHFI outstanding      141,532
 133,560
 6
      144,264
 141,532
 2
Ratios:                      
ALLL to period-end LHFI 2
1.23% 1.34% (8)% 1.23% 1.34% (8)%      1.23% 1.23%  %
ALLL to NPLs 3
1.84x
 3.87x
 (52) 1.84x
 3.87x
 (52)      2.55x
 1.84x
 39
ALLL to net charge-offs (annualized)3.49x
 6.33x
 (45) 3.76x
 5.18x
 (27)
Net charge-offs to average LHFI (annualized)0.35% 0.21% 67
 0.33% 0.26% 27
Net charge-offs to total average LHFI (annualized)0.21% 0.35% (40) 0.24% 0.33% (27)
1 The unfunded commitments reserve is recorded in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
2 $234$206 million and $262$234 million of LHFI measured at fair value at September 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, respectively, were excluded from period-end LHFI in the calculation, as no allowance is recorded for loans measured at fair value. We believe that this presentation more appropriately reflects the relationship between the ALLL and loans that attract an allowance.
3 $23 million and $2 million of NPLs measured at fair value at both September 30, 2017 and 2016, and 2015,respectively, were excluded from NPLs in the calculation.calculation, as no allowance is recorded for NPLs measured at fair value. We believe that this presentation more appropriately reflects the relationship between the ALLL and NPLs that attract an allowance.
4 "NM" - Not meaningful. Those changes over 100 percent were not considered to be meaningful.



Provision for Credit Losses
The total provision for credit losses includes the provision/(benefit) for loan losses and the provision/(benefit) for unfunded commitments. The provision for loan losses is the result of a detailed analysis performed to estimate an appropriate and adequate ALLL. For the third quarter of 2016,2017, the total provision for loan losses increased $72$24 million compared to the third quarter of 2015.2016, entirely due to losses incurred from the recent hurricanes, which were largely offset by lower net charge-offs associated with energy-related exposures. For the first nine months of 2016,2017, the total provision for loan losses increased $231decreased $14 million compared to the same period in 2015. These increases in the overall provision for loan losses were2016, driven primarily by lower net charge-offs associated with energy-related exposures, offset partially by the aforementioned losses from recent hurricanes as well as higher energy-relatednet charge-offs associated with the consumer loan growth, and moderating asset quality improvements, partially offset by lower charge-offs on residential loans.portfolio.
Our quarterly review processes to determine the level of reserves and provision are informed by trends in our LHFI portfolio (including historical loss experience, expected loss calculations, delinquencies, performing status, size and composition of the loan portfolio, and concentrations within the portfolio) combined with a view on economic conditions. In addition to internal credit quality metrics, the ALLL estimate is impacted by other indicators of credit risk associated with the portfolio, such as geopolitical and economic risks, and the increasing availability of credit and resultant higher levels of leverage for consumers and commercial borrowers.








 
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
ALLL by Loan SegmentALLL by Loan Segment Table 8
ALLL by Loan Segment Table 7
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
ALLL:      
Commercial loans
$1,157
 
$1,047

$1,123
 
$1,124
Residential loans382
 534
351
 369
Consumer loans204
 171
298
 216
Total
$1,743
 
$1,752

$1,772
 
$1,709
Segment ALLL as a % of total ALLL:
Commercial loans66% 60%63% 66%
Residential loans22
 30
20
 21
Consumer loans12
 10
17
 13
Total100% 100%100% 100%
Segment LHFI as a % of total LHFI:
Commercial loans54% 55%53% 55%
Residential loans28
 29
27
 27
Consumer loans18
 16
20
 18
Total100% 100%100% 100%

The ALLL decreased $9increased $63 million, or 1%4%, from December 31, 2015,2016, to $1.7$1.8 billion at September 30, 2016.2017. The slight decrease reflects continued improvements in the asset quality of theincrease was due primarily to losses incurred from recent hurricanes and higher reserves associated with consumer loans, offset partially by lower reserves associated with residential loan portfolio, largely offset by loan growth.loans. The ALLL to period-end LHFI ratio (excluding loans measured at fair value) decreased sixincreased four basis points from December 31, 2015,2016, to 1.23% at September 30, 2016.2017. The ratio of the ALLL to total NPLs decreased(excluding NPLs measured at fair value) increased to 1.84x2.55x at September 30, 2016,2017, compared to 2.62x2.03x at December 31, 2015,2016, reflecting our first quartera decrease in NPLs due primarily to the continued resolution of 2016 migrationproblem energy-related exposures and lower inflows of energy loans to nonperforming status, highernew residential NPLs associated with changes to our home equity line risk mitigation program, and a slight decreaseas well as an increase in the ALLL.






NONPERFORMING ASSETS

The following tableTable 8 presents our NPAs:
    Table 9
    Table 8
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 
% Change 3
September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 
% Change 3
Nonaccrual/NPLs:          
Commercial loans:          
C&I
$501
 
$308
 63 %
$292
 
$390
 (25)%
CRE10
 11
 (9)5
 7
 (29)
Commercial construction2
 
 NM
1
 17
 (94)
Total commercial NPLs513
 319
 61
298
 414
 (28)
Residential loans:          
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed183
 183
 
161
 177
 (9)
Residential home equity products235
 145
 62
214
 235
 (9)
Residential construction11
 16
 (31)11
 12
 (8)
Total residential NPLs429
 344
 25
386
 424
 (9)
Consumer loans:          
Other direct5
 6
 (17)6
 6
 
Indirect2
 3
 (33)7
 1
 NM
Total consumer NPLs7
 9
 (22)13
 7
 86
Total nonaccrual/NPLs 1
949
 672
 41

$697
 
$845
 (18)%
OREO 2
57
 56
 2

$57
 
$60
 (5)%
Other repossessed assets13
 7
 86
7
 14
 (50)
Nonperforming LHFS31
 
 NM
Total NPAs
$1,019
 
$735
 39 %
$792
 
$919
 (14)%
Accruing LHFI past due 90 days or more
$1,144
 
$981
 17 %
$1,343
 
$1,288
 4 %
Accruing LHFS past due 90 days or more2
 
 NM

 1
 (100)
TDRs:          
Accruing restructured loans
$2,522
 
$2,603
 (3)%
$2,501
 
$2,535
 (1)%
Nonaccruing restructured loans 1
306
 176
 74
304
 306
 (1)
Ratios:          
NPLs to period-end LHFI0.67% 0.49% 37 %0.48% 0.59% (19)%
NPAs to period-end LHFI, OREO, and other repossessed assets0.72
 0.54
 33
NPAs to period-end LHFI, nonperforming LHFS, OREO, and other repossessed assets0.55
 0.64
 (14)
1 Nonaccruing restructured loans are included in total nonaccrual/NPLs.
2Does not include foreclosed real estate related to loans insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA. Proceeds due from the FHA and the VA are recorded as a receivable in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets until the property is conveyed and the funds are received. The receivable related to proceeds due from the FHA or the VA totaled $51 million and $52$50 million at both September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.
3 "NM" - not meaningful. Those changes over 100 percent were not considered to be meaningful.


NPAs increased $284 million, or 39%, during the first nine months of 2016, largely due to downgrades of certain energy-related loans as well as home equity lines. At September 30, 2016, our ratio of NPLs to period-end LHFI was 0.67%, up 18 basis points from December 31, 2015, driven by a deterioration of certain loans in our energy industry vertical and due to an increase in residential home equity NPLs, driven by changes in our home equity line risk mitigation program.
Problem loans or loans with potential weaknesses, such as nonaccrual loans, loans over 90 days past due and still accruing, and TDR loans, are disclosed in the NPA table above. Loans with known potential credit problems that may not otherwise be disclosed in this table include accruing criticized commercial loans, which are disclosed along with additional credit quality information in Note 5, “Loans,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q. At September 30, 20162017 and
December 31, 2015,2016, there were no known significant potential problem loans that are not otherwise disclosed.
Nonperforming Loans
NPLs at September 30, 2016 totaled $949 million, an increase of $277 million, or 41%, from December 31, 2015. Commercial NPLs increased $194 million, or 61%, due largely to downgrades of certain energy-related loans. While certain of these loans may be current with respect to their contractual debt service agreements, the decline in oil prices over the last two years, combined with facts and circumstances associated with these specific loan arrangements, raised uncertainty regarding the full collectability of principal. See the "Critical Accounting Policies" section of our 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding our policy on loans classified as nonaccrual. See
NPAs decreased $127 million, or 14%, during the "Loans" sectionfirst nine months of this MD&A for additional information regarding our energy-related loan exposure.2017, and the ratio of NPLs to period-end LHFI was 0.48% at September 30, 2017, down 11 basis points from


December 31, 2016. These declines were driven primarily by continued improvements in the energy and residential portfolios.
Residential Nonperforming Loans
NPLs increased $85at September 30, 2017 totaled $697 million, a decrease of $148 million, or 18%, from December 31, 2016, driven primarily by a decline in commercial NPLs.
Commercial NPLs decreased $116 million, or 28%, driven by a $98 million, or 25%, reduction in C&I NPLs due to paydowns, sales, and the return to accrual status of certain energy-related NPLs during the first nine months of 2017. Additionally, commercial construction NPLs decreased $16 million, or 94%, due to the sale of an NPL in the third quarter of 2017.
Residential NPLs decreased $38 million, or 9%, from December 31, 2015,2016, due primarily due to continued improvements

in the residential portfolio resulting in lower inflows of new residential NPLs. Consumer NPLs increased $6 million, or 86%, from December 31, 2016, driven by an increase in residential home equity NPLs driven by changes to our home equity line risk mitigation program implemented during the first quarter of 2016. At September 30, 2016, substantially all of the home equity NPLs modified in 2016 were current with respect to payments and the majority are expected to return to accruing status after the borrowers have demonstrated six months of consistent payment history.consumer indirect NPLs.
Interest income on consumer and residential nonaccrual loans, if recognized,received, is recognized on a cash basis. Interest income on commercial nonaccrual loans is not generally recognized until after the principal amount has been reduced to zero. We recognized $4$11 million and $5$4 million of interest income related to nonaccrual loans (which includes out-of-period interest for certain commercial nonaccrual loans) during the third quarter of 2017 and 2016, and 2015, respectively,$24 million and $13 million and $18 million during the first nine months of 20162017 and 2015,2016, respectively. If all such loans had been accruing interest according to their original contractual terms, estimated interest income of $13$11 million and $6$13 million would have been recognized during the third quarter of 2017 and 2016, and 2015, respectively,$33 million and $35 million and $22 million during the first nine months of 20162017 and 2015,2016, respectively.

Other Nonperforming Assets
OREO increased $1decreased $3 million, or 2%5%, during the first nine months of 2016.2017 to $57 million at September 30, 2017. Sales of OREO resulted in proceeds of $46 million and $98 million during both the first nine months of 2017 and 2016, and 2015, respectively, contributing toresulting in net gains of $8 million and $19 million, respectively,for both periods, inclusive of valuation reserves.
Most of our OREO properties are located in Florida, North Carolina,Georgia, Maryland, and Maryland.Virginia. Residential and commercial real estate properties comprised 80%88% and 16%7%, respectively, of the $57 million in total OREO at September 30, 2016,2017, with the remainder related to land. Upon foreclosure, the values of these properties were reevaluatedre-evaluated and, if necessary, written down to their then-current estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell. Any further decreases in property values could result in additional losses as they are periodicallyregularly revalued. See the "Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements" section within Note 14, "Fair Value Election and Measurement," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for additional information.
Gains and losses on the sale of OREO are recorded in other noninterest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Sales of OREO and the related gains or losses are highly dependent on our disposition strategy and buyer opportunities.strategy. We are actively managing and disposing of these foreclosed assets to minimize future losses.losses and to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements.
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more included LHFI and LHFS, and totaled $1.1$1.3 billion and $981 million at both September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015, respectively.2016. Of these, 97% and 96% were government-guaranteed at both September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015, respectively.2016. Accruing LHFI past due 90 days or more increased $163$55 million, or 17%4%, during the first
nine months of 2016,2017, driven primarily by ana $91 million increase in government-guaranteedguaranteed student loans, offset partially by a $41 million decrease in government-guaranteedguaranteed residential mortgages.
Restructured Loans
To maximize the collection of loan balances, we evaluate troubled loans on a case-by-case basis to determine if a loan modification is appropriate. We pursue loan modifications when there is a reasonable chance that an appropriate modification would allow our client to continue servicing the debt. For loans secured by residential real estate, if the client demonstrates a loss of income such that the client cannot reasonably support a modified loan, we may pursue short sales and/or deed-in-lieu arrangements. For loans secured by income producing commercial properties, we perform an in-depth and ongoing programmatic review of a number of factors, including cash flows, loan structures, collateral values, and guarantees to identify loans within our income producing commercial loan portfolio that are most likely to experience distress.
Based on our review of the aforementioned factors and our assessment of overall risk, we evaluate the benefits of proactively initiating discussions with our clients to improve a loan’s risk profile. In some cases, we may renegotiate terms of their loans so that they have a higher likelihood of continuing to perform. To date, we have restructured loans in a variety of ways to help our clients service their debt and to mitigate the potential for additional losses. The restructuring methods being offered to our residential clients are reductions in interest rates, extensions of terms, or forgiveness of principal. Specifically, forFor home equity lines nearing the end of the draw period and for commercial loans, the primary restructuring method is an extension of terms.
Loans with modifications deemed to be economic concessions resulting from borrower financial difficulties are reported as TDRs. Accruing loans may retain accruing status at the time of restructure and the status is determined by, among other things, the nature of the restructure, the borrower's repayment history, and the borrower's repayment capacity.
Nonaccruing loans that are modified and demonstrate a sustainable history of repayment performance in accordance with their modified terms, typically six months, are usually reclassified to accruing TDR status. Generally, once a residential loan becomes a TDR, we expect that the loan will continue to be reported as a TDR for its remaining life, even after returning to accruing status (unless the modified rates and terms at the time of modification were available in the market at the time of the modification, or if the loan is subsequently remodified at market rates). Some restructurings may not ultimately result in the complete collection of principal and interest (as modified by the terms of the restructuring), culminating in default, which could result in additional incremental losses. These potential incremental losses are factored into our ALLL estimate. The level of re-defaults will likely be affected by future economic conditions. See Note 5, “Loans,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for additional information.



Table 109 presents our recorded investment of residential TDRs by payment status. Guaranteed residential loans that have been repurchased from Ginnie Mae under an early buyout clause and subsequently modified have been excluded from the table. Such loans totaled approximately $47$60 million and $61$53 million at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.
Residential TDR Data          Table 10
          Table 9
September 30, 2016September 30, 2017
Accruing TDRs Nonaccruing TDRsAccruing TDRs Nonaccruing TDRs
(Dollars in millions)Current 
Delinquent 1
 Total Current 
Delinquent 1
 TotalCurrent 
Delinquent 1
 Total Current 
Delinquent 1
 Total
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed
$1,491
 
$114
 
$1,605
 
$13
 
$75
 
$88

$1,419
 
$34
 
$1,453
 
$15
 
$67
 
$82
Residential home equity products600
 21
 621
 114
 31
 145
720
 26
 746
 100
 39
 139
Residential construction112
 3
 115
 
 5
 5
99
 1
 100
 
 5
 5
Total residential TDRs
$2,203
 
$138
 
$2,341
 
$127
 
$111
 
$238

$2,238
 
$61
 
$2,299
 
$115
 
$111
 
$226
                      
December 31, 2015December 31, 2016
Accruing TDRs Nonaccruing TDRsAccruing TDRs Nonaccruing TDRs
(Dollars in millions)Current 
Delinquent 1
 Total Current 
Delinquent 1
 TotalCurrent 
Delinquent 1
 Total Current 
Delinquent 1
 Total
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed
$1,537
 
$138
 
$1,675
 
$15
 
$83
 
$98

$1,527
 
$36
 
$1,563
 
$12
 
$73
 
$85
Residential home equity products596
 25
 621
 15
 25
 40
628
 23
 651
 108
 36
 144
Residential construction124
 2
 126
 
 6
 6
110
 1
 111
 
 4
 4
Total residential TDRs
$2,257
 
$165
 
$2,422
 
$30
 
$114
 
$144

$2,265
 
$60
 
$2,325
 
$120
 
$113
 
$233
1 TDRs considered delinquent for purposes of this table were those at least thirty days past due.

At September 30, 2016,2017, our total TDR portfolio was $2.8 billion and was comprised of $2.6$2.5 billion, or 91%90%, of residential loans (predominantly first and second lien residential mortgages and home equity lines of credit), $126$182 million, or 5%6%, of commercialconsumer loans, and $123$98 million, or 4%, of consumercommercial loans. Total TDRs increased $49decreased $36 million from December 31, 2016, driven by a $34 million, or 2%1%, reduction in accruing TDRs during the first nine months of 2017 due primarily to paydowns and payoffs in the residential portfolio. Nonaccruing TDRs decreased $2 million, or 1%, from December 31, 2015. Nonaccruing TDRs increased $130 million, or 74%, and accruing TDRs decreased $81 million, or 3%, from December 31, 2015. The increase in nonaccruing TDRs was driven largely by the changes to our home equity line risk mitigation program implemented during the first quarter of 2016.
Generally, interest income on restructured loans that have met sustained performance criteria and returned to accruing
 
status is recognized according to the terms of the restructuring. Such recognized interest income recognized was $27 million and $28 million and $29 million duringfor the third quarter of 2017 and 2016, and 2015, respectively,$81 million and $84 million and $86 million for the first nine months of 20162017 and 2015,2016, respectively. If all such loans had been accruing interest according to their original contractual terms, estimated interest income of $32 million and $34 million and $36 million duringfor the third quarter of 2017 and 2016, and 2015, respectively,$98 million and $105 million and $110 million for the first nine months of 20162017 and 2015,2016, respectively, would have been recognized.


SELECTED FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE
The following is a discussion of the more significant financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015.2016. For a complete discussion of our financial instruments measured at fair value and the methodologies used to estimate the fair values of our financial instruments, see Note 14, “Fair Value Election and Measurement,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.

Trading Assets and Liabilities and Derivative Instruments
Trading assets and derivative instruments increased $925$251 million, or 15%4%, compared to December 31, 2015.2016. This increase was due primarily due to increases in net derivative instruments, agency MBS, corporate and other debt securities, U.S. states and political subdivisions securities,trading loans and CP, offset partiallylargely by a decreasedecreases in federal agency securities, resulting fromU.S. Treasury securities, and municipal securities. These changes were driven by normal changesactivity in the trading portfolio product mix as we manage our
 
manage our business and continue to meet our clients' needs, as well as, increased MSR hedging activity related to the fluctuations in long-term interest rates.needs. Trading liabilities and derivative instruments increased $221decreased $67 million, or 17%5%, compared to December 31, 2015,2016, due primarily to an increasedecreases in U.S. Treasury securities and net derivative instruments, offset partially by decreasesan increase in net derivative instrumentscorporate and agency MBS.other debt securities. For composition and valuation assumptions related to our trading products, as well as additional information on our derivative instruments, see Note 3, “Trading Assets and Liabilities and Derivative Instruments,” Note 13, “Derivative Financial Instruments,” and the “Trading Assets and Derivative Instruments and Securities Available for Sale” section of Note 14, “Fair Value Election and Measurement,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q. Also, for a discussion of market risk associated with our trading activities, refer to the “Market Risk ManagementMarket Risk from Trading Activities” section of this MD&A.



Securities Available for Sale              
      Table 11
      Table 10
September 30, 2016September 30, 2017
(Dollars in millions)
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
U.S. Treasury securities
$4,850
 
$135
 
$2
 
$4,983

$4,300
 
$9
 
$48
 
$4,261
Federal agency securities324
 10
 
 334
266
 5
 1
 270
U.S. states and political subdivisions250
 11
 
 261
558
 9
 4
 563
MBS - agency22,606
 714
 4
 23,316
24,860
 287
 167
 24,980
MBS - non-agency residential75
 1
 
 76
59
 4
 1
 62
MBS - non-agency commercial747
 6
 3
 750
ABS9
 2
 
 11
6
 2
 
 8
Corporate and other debt securities35
 1
 
 36
33
 
 
 33
Other equity securities 1
655
 1
 1
 655
518
 1
 2
 517
Total securities AFS
$28,804
 
$875
 
$7
 
$29,672

$31,347
 
$323
 
$226
 
$31,444
1 At September 30, 2017, the fair value of other equity securities was comprised of the following: $68 million of FHLB of Atlanta stock, $403 million of Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta stock, $41 million of mutual fund investments, and $5 million of other.

 December 31, 2016
(Dollars in millions)
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
U.S. Treasury securities
$5,486
 
$5
 
$86
 
$5,405
Federal agency securities310
 5
 2
 313
U.S. states and political subdivisions279
 5
 5
 279
MBS - agency23,642
 313
 293
 23,662
MBS - non-agency residential71
 3
 
 74
MBS - non-agency commercial257
 
 5
 252
ABS8
 2
 
 10
Corporate and other debt securities34
 1
 
 35
Other equity securities 1
642
 1
 1
 642
Total securities AFS
$30,729
 
$335
 
$392
 
$30,672
1 At December 31, 2016, the fair value of other equity securities was comprised of the following: $143$132 million of FHLB of Atlanta stock, $402 million of Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta stock, $104 million of mutual fund investments, and $6 million of other.

 December 31, 2015
(Dollars in millions)
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
U.S. Treasury securities
$3,460
 
$3
 
$14
 
$3,449
Federal agency securities402
 10
 1
 411
U.S. states and political subdivisions156
 8
 
 164
MBS - agency22,877
 397
 150
 23,124
MBS - non-agency residential92
 2
 
 94
ABS11
 2
 1
 12
Corporate and other debt securities37
 1
 
 38
Other equity securities 1
533
 1
 1
 533
Total securities AFS
$27,568
 
$424
 
$167
 
$27,825
1 At December 31, 2015, the fair value of other equity securities was comprised of the following: $32 million of FHLB of Atlanta stock, $402 million of Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta stock, $93$102 million of mutual fund investments, and $6 million of other.

The securities AFS portfolio is managed as part of our overall liquidity management and ALM process to optimize income and portfolio value over an entire interest rate cycle while mitigating the associated risks. Changes in the size and composition of the portfolio reflect our efforts to maintain a high quality, liquid portfolio, while managing our interest rate risk profile. The amortized cost of the portfolio increased $1.2 billion$618 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2016,2017, due primarily drivento increased holdings of agency MBS, non-agency commercial MBS, and municipal securities, offset largely by an increasea decline in U.S. Treasury securities to support LCR requirements that will increase effective January 1, 2017, as well as an increaseand a reduction in other equity securities due to increaseddecreased holdings of FHLB of Atlanta capital stock. We expect to add approximately $1 billion of high-quality, liquid securities in the fourth quarter to finalize our progress towards the increased 2017 LCR requirements.stock and mutual fund investments. The fair value of the securities AFS portfolio increased $1.8 billion$772 million compared to December 31, 2015,2016, due primarily due to the aforementioned addition of U.S. Treasury securitieschanges in the portfolio mix and a $611$154 million increase in net unrealized gains, most notably on agency MBS, due to a decline in market interest rates.gains. At September 30, 2016,2017, the overall securities AFS portfolio was in a $868$97 million net unrealized gain position.position, compared to a net unrealized loss position of $57 million at December 31, 2016.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we recorded $4 million and $21 million, respectively, in netNet realized gains related to the sale of securities AFS.AFS were immaterial for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and $4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. There were no OTTI losses recognized in earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2016,2017 and OTTI losses recognized in earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 were immaterial.2016. For
additional information on our accounting policies, composition, and valuation
assumptions related to the securities AFS portfolio, see Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," into our 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as Note 4, "Securities Available for Sale," and the “Trading Assets and Derivative Instruments and Securities Available for Sale” section of Note 14, “Fair Value Election and Measurement,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.
For the third quarter of 2016,three months ended September 30, 2017, the average yield on the securities AFS portfolio was 2.22%2.50%, compared to 2.28%2.22% for the third quarter of 2015.three months ended September 30, 2016. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016,2017, the average yield on the securities AFS portfolio was 2.30%2.46%, compared to 2.18%2.30% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.2016. The year-over-year decreaseincreases in average yield for the third quarter of 2016 waswere due primarily due to the addition of lower-yielding U.S. Treasury securities during the current quarter. The year-over-year increaseshifts in average yield for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily due toportfolio mix, lower MBS premium amortization, and higher benchmark interest rates in the current year.periods. See additional discussion related to average yields on securities AFS in the "Net Interest Income/Margin" section of this MD&A.
The securities AFS portfolio had an effective duration of 3.84.4 years at September 30, 20162017 compared to 4.54.6 years at December 31, 2015.2016. Effective duration is a measure of price sensitivity of a bond portfolio to an immediate change in market interest rates, taking into consideration embedded options. An effective duration of 3.84.4 years suggests an expected price change


of approximately 3.8%4.4% for a 100 basis point instantaneous and parallel change in market interest rates.
The credit quality and liquidity profile of the securities AFS portfolio remained strong at September 30, 20162017 and, consequently, we believe that we have the flexibility to respond to changes in the economic environment and take actions as opportunities arise to manage our interest rate risk profile and balance liquidity risk against investment returns. Over the longer term, the size and composition of the securities AFS portfolio will reflect balance sheet trends, our overall liquidity objectives, and interest rate risk management objectives. Accordingly, the size and composition of the securities AFS portfolio could change over time.

Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Stock
We previously acquired capital stock in the FHLB of Atlanta as a precondition for becoming a member of that institution. As a member, we are able to take advantage of competitively priced advances as a wholesale funding source and to access grants and low-cost loans for affordable housing and community development projects, among other benefits. At September 30, 2016,2017, we held a total of $143$68 million of capital stock in the FHLB of Atlanta, an increasea decrease of $111$64 million compared to December 31, 2015. This increase was2016 due to our purchase of FHLB of Atlanta capital stock during the first half of 2016 related to an increase in FHLB borrowings during the same period, partially offset by a redemption of FHLB capital stock related to a decline in long-term FHLB borrowings duringadvances over the third quartersame period. See additional information regarding changes in our long-term debt in the "Borrowings" section of 2016. Dividends recognized in relation to FHLB capital stock were immaterial for boththis MD&A. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, comparedwe recognized an immaterial amount of dividends related to $2 million and $10 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively.FHLB capital stock.
Similarly, to remain a member of the Federal Reserve System, we are required to hold a certain amount of capital stock, determined as either a percentage of the Bank’s capital or as a percentage of total deposit liabilities. At September 30, 2016,2017, we held $402$403 million of Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta stock, unchanged froman increase of $1 million compared to December 31, 2015.2016. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016,2017, we recognized dividends related to Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta stock of $2 million and $5$7 million, respectively, compared to $6$2 million and $18$5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015,2016, respectively. The decline in dividends recognized was due to legislation passed by the U.S. Congress in December 2015, which changed the dividend rate on our statutory investment in Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta stock from 6% to the lower of 6% or the 10-year Treasury note rate (which, at September 30, 2016, was 1.60%).

BORROWINGS

Short-Term Borrowings
Our total period-end short-term borrowings at September 30, 20162017 increased $272$685 million, or 6%14%, from December 31, 2015,2016, driven by a $277 million$1.0 billion increase in funds purchased, offset partially by decreases of $211 million and a $70$106 million increase in securities sold under agreements to repurchase partially offset by a $75 millionand other short-term borrowings, respectively. The decrease in other short-term borrowings. The decrease in other short-term
borrowings was due primarily due to a $106$127 million declinedecrease in master notes outstanding.

Long-Term Debt
During the nine months ended September 30, 2016,2017, our long-term debt increaseddecreased by $3.4 billion,$468 million, or 40%4%. This increasedecrease was primarily due to the addition of $2.6driven by $1.5 billion of long-term FHLB advances and the issuance of $750advance terminations, $850 million of 10-year fixed ratesenior note maturities, and $188 million of subordinated notesnote maturities in the second quarter of 2016. Additionally, during the first quarter of 2016, we issued2017, as well
as $451 million of senior note maturities in the third quarter of 2017. Largely offsetting these reductions were our issuances of $1.0 billion of 3-year fixed rate senior notes, $300 million of 3-year floating rate senior notes, and $1.0 billion of 5-year fixed rate senior notes under our Global Bank Note program, as well as an increase in direct finance leases of $220 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. These issuances allowed us to supplement our funding sources at favorable borrowing rates and used the proceeds to pay off $1.0 billion of higher cost, fixed rate senior notes that were due in 2016. There have been no other material changes in our long-term debt as described in our 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K.down maturing borrowings.


CAPITAL RESOURCES
Regulatory Capital
Our primary federal regulator, the Federal Reserve, measures capital adequacy within a framework that sets capital requirements relative to the risk profiles of individual banks. The framework assigns risk weights to assets and off-balance sheet risk exposures according to predefined classifications, creating a base from which to compare capital levels. We measure capital adequacy using the standardized approach to the Federal Reserve'sFRB's Basel III Final Rule. Basel III retained
In January 2017, the general framework from the prior capital adequacy calculations under Basel I, but certain predefined classifications have changed and risk weightings have been revised. Additionally, Basel III introduced a new capital measure, CET1, and revised what comprises Tier 1 and Total capital. Further, Basel III revised the requirements related to minimum capital adequacy levels.
In the third quarter, the Federal ReserveFRB released a notice of proposed rulemaking related tofinal rule that revises capital plan and stress test rules, whereby certain BHCs, such as us, will no longer be subject to the qualitative component of the annual CCAR. The final rule also modifies certain regulatory reports to collect additional information on nonbank assets and also indicated that an additional notice of proposed rulemaking is forthcoming in 2017 that would address other elements of Basel IIIto reduce reporting burdens for large and stress test rules. We are in the process of evaluating this information, but do not expect thenoncomplex firms. This final rules to significantlyrule has no impact on our minimum capital requirements.
The OCC, the FRB, and the FDIC recently issued two NPRs in an effort to simplify certain aspects of the capital rules. In August 2017, a Transitions NPR was issued, which would extend certain transition provisions currently in the capital rules for banks with less than $250 billion in total consolidated assets. In September 2017, a Simplifications NPR was issued, which would apply a simpler treatment for certain exposures and capital calculations for banks with less than $250 billion in total consolidated assets. The Simplifications NPR also includes certain clarifications and technical amendments to the capital rules.
CET1 is limited to common equity and related surplus (net of treasury stock), retained earnings, AOCI, and common equity minority interest, subject to limitations. Certain regulatory adjustments and exclusions are made to CET1, including removal of goodwill, other intangible assets, certain DTAs, the impact on capital arising from mark-to-market adjustments related to our credit spreads, which is now included in AOCI, and certain defined benefit pension fund net assets. Further, banks employing the standardized approach to Basel III were granted a one-time permanent election to exclude AOCI from the calculation of regulatory capital. We elected to exclude AOCI from the calculation of our CET1.
Tier 1 capital includes CET1, qualified preferred equity instruments, qualifying minority interest not included in CET1, subject to limitations, and certain other regulatory deductions. Tier 1 capital included a portion of trust preferred securities in 2015; however, those instruments were completely phased-out of Tier 1 capital effective January 1, 2016 and are now classified as Tier 2 capital. As a result, the $627 million in principal amount of Parent Company trust preferred securities outstanding that


received partial Tier 1 capital treatment in 2015 are now treated as Tier 2 capital using the methodology specified in Basel III.
Total capital consists of Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital, which includes qualifying portions of subordinated debt, trust preferred securities and minority interest not included in Tier 1 capital, ALLL up to a maximum of 1.25% of RWA, and a limited percentage of unrealized gains on equity securities. Total capital consists of Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital.
To be considered "adequately capitalized," we are subject to minimum CET1, Tier 1 capital, and Total capital ratios of 4.5%, 6%, and 8%, respectively, plus, beginning in 2017 and 2016, a CCB amount

amounts of 1.25% and 0.625% is, respectively, are required to be maintained above the minimum capital ratios. The CCB will continue to increase each year through January 1, 2019, when the CCB amount will be fully phased-in at 2.5% above the minimum capital ratios. The CCB places restrictions on the amount of retained earnings that may be used for capital distributions or discretionary bonus payments as risk-based capital ratios approach their respective “adequately capitalized” minimum capital ratios plus the CCB. To be considered “well-capitalized,” Tier 1 and Total capital ratios of 6% and 10%, respectively, are required.
We are also subject to a Tier 1 leverage ratio requirement, which measures Tier 1 capital against average total assets less certain deductions, as calculated in accordance with regulatory guidelines. The minimum leverage ratio threshold is 4% and is not subject to the CCB.
Risk weighting under Basel III was modified primarily to enhance risk sensitivity of RWA. Additional risk weight categories were added and certain calculation methodologies were introduced to more precisely calculate exposure risk. Exposures that received a significant risk weight and/or calculation methodology change compared to Basel I included certain nonperforming and past-due loans, MSRs, certain unfunded commitments, derivatives, securitizations, and certain commercial and CRE loans.
A transition period applies to certain capital elements and risk weighted assets, where phase-in percentages are applicable in the calculations of capital and RWA. One of the more significant transitions required by the Basel III Final Rule relates to the risk weighting applied to MSRs, which will impact the CET1 ratio during the transition period when compared to the CET1 ratio that is calculated on a fully phased-in basis. Specifically, the fully phased-in risk weight of MSRs is 250%, while the risk weight to be applied during the transition period is 100%. The transition period is applicable from January 1, 2015 through December 31, 2017. Table 1211 presents the Company's transitional Basel III regulatory capital metrics at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.metrics.

Regulatory Capital Metrics 1
Regulatory Capital Metrics 1
 Table 12
Regulatory Capital Metrics 1
 Table 11
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Regulatory capital:      
CET1
$16,862
 
$16,421

$17,025
 
$16,953
Tier 1 capital18,101
 17,804
19,009
 18,186
Total capital21,671
 20,668
22,459
 21,685
Assets:      
RWA
$172,461
 
$164,851

$176,931
 
$176,825
Average total assets for leverage ratio195,105
 183,763
200,090
 197,272
Risk-based ratios:      
CET19.78% 9.96%9.62% 9.59%
CET1 - fully phased-in 2
9.66
 9.80
9.48
 9.43
Tier 1 capital10.50
 10.80
10.74
 10.28
Total capital12.57
 12.54
12.69
 12.26
Leverage9.28
 9.69
9.50
 9.22
Total shareholders’ equity to assets11.92
 12.28
11.78
 11.53
1 Basel III Final Rules became effective for usWe calculated these measures based on January 1, 2015. Our calculation of these measuresthe methodology specified by our primary regulator, which may differ from those ofthe calculations used by other financial services companies that calculatepresent similar metrics.
2 The CET1 ratio on a fully phased-in basis at September 30, 20162017 is estimated. See Table 1,20, "Selected Financial Data and Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures," in this MD&A for a reconciliation of our transitional CET1 ratio to our fully phased-in, estimated CET1 ratio.

All of our capital ratios except for the Total capital ratio, declined modestlyincreased compared to December 31, 2015, as2016, driven primarily by growth in retained earnings, was offset partially by the impact of growthan increase in treasury stock and a slight increase in RWA due to increased on- and off-balance sheet exposures. Further, as mentioned above, the phase-out of the trust preferred securities from Tier 1 capital to Tier 2 capital resulted in an additional decline inIn addition, the Tier 1 capital and Leverage ratios. The Total capital ratio increased slightly compared to December 31, 2015, due primarily toratios were both favorably impacted by our $750 million subordinated debtSeries G preferred stock issuance in May 2017, detailed in the second quarter of 2016."Capital Actions" section below. At
September 30, 2016,2017, our capital ratios were well above current regulatory requirements.
Our estimate of the fully phased-in CET1 ratio of 9.66%9.48% at September 30, 20162017 considers a 250% risk-weighting for MSRs, which is the primary driver for the difference in the transitional CET1 ratio at September 30, 2016 compared to the estimated fully phased-in ratio in the same period.at September 30, 2017. Our estimated fully phased-in ratio is in excess of the 4.5% minimum CET1 ratio, and is also in excess of the 7.0% limit that includes the minimum level of 4.5% plus the 2.5% fully phased-in CCB. See Table 1,20, "Selected Financial Data and Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures," in this MD&A for a reconciliation of our fully phased-in CET1 ratio. Also see Note 13, "Capital," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding our regulatory capital adequacy requirements and metrics.

Capital Actions
We declared and paid common dividends of $443 million, or $0.92 per common share, during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $370 million, or $0.74 per common share, during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to $352 million, or $0.68 per common share, during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. We also recognized2016. Additionally, we declared dividends on our preferred stock of $49$65 million and $48$49 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, and 2015, respectively.


Various regulations administered by federal and state bank regulatory authorities restrict the Bank's ability to distribute its retained earnings. At September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, the Bank's capacity to pay cash dividends to the Parent Company under these regulations totaled approximately $2.3$2.1 billion and $2.7$2.5 billion, respectively.
During the first quarter of 2016,2017, we repurchased $151$414 million of our outstanding common stock, which included $240 million under our 2016 capital plan and $24an incremental $174 million pursuant to the 1% of our outstanding common stock warrants as part of our 2015Tier 1 capital plan.de minimis exception allowed under the applicable 2016 Capital Plan Rule. During the second quarter of 2016,2017, we repurchased an additional $175$240 million of our outstanding common stock at market value, which completed our authorized $875$960 million of common equity repurchases as approved by the Board in conjunction with the 20152016 capital plan.
In June 2016,2017, we announced capital plans in response to the Federal Reserve's review of and non-objection to our 2017 capital plan submitted in conjunction with the 20162017 CCAR. Our 20162017 capital plan includes increases in our share repurchase program and quarterly common stock dividend, while maintaining the currentour level of preferred stock dividends. Specifically, the 20162017 capital plan authorizesauthorized the repurchase of up to $960 million$1.32 billion of our outstanding common stock to be completed between the third quarter of 20162017 and the second quarter of 2017, which we expect to conduct relatively evenly on a quarterly basis,2018, as well as an 8%a 54% increase in our quarterly common stock dividend from $0.24$0.26 per share to $0.26$0.40 per share, beginning in the third quarter of 2016.2017. During the third quarter of 2016,2017, we repurchased $240$330 million of our outstanding common stock at market value as a part of this 2016 capital plan. During October of 2016, we repurchased an additional $240 million of our outstanding common stock at market value as part of this2017 capital plan.
See Item 5 and Note 13, "Capital," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as Part II, Item 2 in this Form 10-Q for additional information regarding our 20152016 capital plan and related share repurchase activity.

In May 2017, we issued depositary shares representing ownership interest in 7,500 shares of Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series G, with no par value and $100,000 liquidation preference per share (the "Series G Preferred Stock"). As a result of this issuance, we received net proceeds of approximately $743 million after the underwriting discount, but before expenses. The Series G Preferred Stock has no stated maturity and will not be subject to any sinking fund or other obligation to redeem, repurchase, or retire the shares. Dividends for the shares are noncumulative and, if declared, will be payable semi-annually beginning on December 15, 2017 through June 15, 2022 at a rate per annum of 5.05%, and payable quarterly beginning on September 15, 2022 at a rate per annum equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 3.10%. By its terms, we may redeem the Series G Preferred Stock on any dividend payment date occurring on or after June 15, 2022 or at any time within 90 days following a regulatory capital event, at a redemption price of $1,000 per depositary share plus any declared and unpaid dividends. Except in certain limited circumstances, the Series G Preferred Stock does not have any voting rights. Over time, we plan to further optimize our capital structure by issuing additional preferred stock and reducing our CET1 ratio.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
There have been no significant changes to our Critical Accounting Policies as described in our 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT
Except as noted below, there have been no other significant changes in our Enterprise Risk Management practices as described in our 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
To ensure increased role clarity and enhanced independent oversightIn the first quarter of risk-taking activity, the reporting relationship of all teammates with risk oversight responsibility were realigned under the CRO. To more accurately reflect its scope and mandate, Corporate Risk Management ("CRM") was renamed Enterprise Risk ("2017, we established an additional executive committee to further support ER oversight, referred to as the Enterprise Business Practices Committee ("EBPC"). The EBPC is chaired by the Chief Human Resources Officer and is responsible for ensuring alignment of our business practices with our core purpose, principles, and values. The EBPC also serves as the forum for enterprise reputational risk exposures.
Additionally, in the second quarter of 2016.2017, we made a number of organizational changes within ER to align with our updated business segment structure and to augment synergies across risk disciplines.

Credit Risk Management
There have been no significant changes in our Credit Risk Management practices as described in our 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Operational Risk Management
There have been no significant changes in our Operational Risk Management practices as described in our 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Market Risk Management
Market risk refers to potential losses arising from changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices, commodity
prices, and other relevant market rates or prices. Interest rate risk, defined as the exposure of net interest income and MVE to changes in interest rates, is our primary market risk and mainly arises from changes in the structure and composition of our balance sheet. Variable rate loans, prior to any hedging related actions, were approximately 60%58% of total loans at September 30, 2016,2017, and after giving consideration to hedging related actions, were approximately 45%49% of total loans. Approximately 7%4% of our variable rate loans at September 30, 20162017 had coupon rates that were equal to a contractually specified interest rate floor. In addition to interest rate risk, we are also exposed to market risk in our trading instruments measured at fair value. Our ALCO meets regularly and is responsible for reviewing our open market positionsALM and establishingliquidity risk position in conformance with the established policies and limits designed to measure, monitor, and limit exposure tocontrol market risk.

Market Risk from Non-Trading Activities
The primary goal of interest rate risk management is to control exposure to interest rate risk within policy limits approved by the Board. These limits and guidelines reflect our appetite for interest rate risk over both short-term and long-term horizons. No limit breaches occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.2017.
The major sources of our non-trading interest rate risk are timing differences in the maturity and repricing characteristics of assets and liabilities, changes in the absolute level and shape of the yield curve, as well as the embedded optionality in our products and the potential exercise of freestanding or embedded options.related customer behavior. We measure these risks and their impact by identifying and quantifying exposures through the use of sophisticated simulation and valuation models, which, as described in additional detail below, are employed by management to understand net interest income sensitivity and MVE sensitivity. These measures show that our interest rate risk profile is moderately asset sensitive at September 30, 2016.2017.
MVE and net interest income sensitivity are complementary interest rate risk metrics and should be viewed together. Net interest income sensitivity captures asset and liability repricing differences for one year, inclusive of forecast balance sheet changes, and is considered a shorter term measure, whilemeasure. MVE sensitivity captures differences within the period end balance sheets throughchange in the financial instruments' respective maturitiesdiscounted net present value of all on- and off-balance sheet items and is considered a longer term measure.
A positivePositive net interest income sensitivity in a rising rate environment indicates that over the forecast horizon of one year, asset based interest income will increase more quickly than liability based interest expense due to balance sheet composition. A negative MVE sensitivity in a rising rate environment indicates that the value of financial assets will decrease more than the value of financial liabilities.


One of the primary methods that we use to quantify and manage interest rate risk is simulation analysis, which we use to model net interest income from assets, liabilities, and derivative positions under various interest rate scenarios and balance sheet structures. This analysis measures the sensitivity of net interest income over a two-year time horizon, which differs from the interest rate sensitivities in Table 13,12, which reflect a one-year time horizon. Key assumptions in the simulation analysis (and in the valuation analysis discussed below) relate to the behavior of interest rates and spreads, the changes in product balances,

and the behavior of loan and deposit clients in different rate environments. This analysis incorporates several assumptions, the most significant of which relate to the repricing and behavioral fluctuations of deposits with indeterminate or non-contractual maturities.
As the future path of interest rates is not known, we use simulation analysis to project net interest income under various scenarios including implied forward, deliberately extreme, and other scenarios that are unlikely. The analyses may include rapid and gradual ramping of interest rates, rate shocks, basis risk analysis, and yield curve twists. Specific strategies are also analyzed to determine their impact on net interest income levels and sensitivities.
The sensitivity analysis presented in Table 1312 is measured as a percentage change in net interest income due to instantaneous moves in benchmark interest rates. Estimated changes below are dependent upon material assumptions such as those previously discussed.
Net Interest Income Asset SensitivityNet Interest Income Asset SensitivityTable 13Net Interest Income Asset SensitivityTable 12
  
Estimated % Change in
Net Interest Income Over 12 Months 1
Estimated % Change in
Net Interest Income Over 12 Months 1
September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Rate Change  
+200 bps3.6% 5.7%3.2% 3.3%
+100 bps2.1% 3.0%1.8% 1.9%
-25 bps(0.7)% (1.2)%(0.6)% (0.6)%
-100 bps(6.7)% 
NM 2
1 Estimated % change of net interest income is reflected on a non-FTE basis.
2 "NM"- Not meaningful. A downward rate change of 100 basis points would imply a negative interest rate environment during the period and was not considered to be meaningful.

Net interest income asset sensitivity at September 30, 20162017 decreased slightly compared to December 31, 2015. This decrease resulted from an increase in the notional balance of received-fixed swaps,2016, driven primarily by growth in fixed rate assets,consumer loans and an increasea decrease in floating rate liabilities during the first nine months of 2016.commercial loans. See additional discussion related to net interest income in the "Net Interest Income/Margin" section of this MD&A.
We also perform valuation analyses, which we use for discerning levels of risk present in the balance sheet and derivative positions that might not be taken into account in the net interest income simulation horizon. Whereas a net interest income simulation highlights exposures over a relatively short time horizon, our valuation analysis incorporates all cash flows over the estimated remaining life of all balance sheet and derivative positions.
The valuation of the balance sheet, at a point in time, is defined as the discounted present value of asset and derivative cash flows minus the discounted present value of liability cash flows, the net of which is referred to as MVE. The sensitivity of MVE to changes in the level of interest rates is a measure of the
longer-term repricing risk and options risk embedded optionality in the balance sheet. Similar to the net interest income simulation, MVE uses instantaneous changes in rates. However, MVE values only the current balance sheet and does not incorporate originations of new/replacement business or balance sheet growth that are used in the net interest income simulation model. As with the net interest income simulation model, assumptions about the timing and variability of balance sheet cash flows are
critical in the MVE analysis. Significant MVE assumptions include those that drive prepayment speeds, expected changes in balances, and pricing of the indeterminate deposit portfolios.
At September 30, 2016,2017, the MVE profile in Table 1413 indicates a decline in net balance sheet value due to instantaneous upward changes in rates. This MVE sensitivity is reported for both upward and downward rate shocks. 
Market Value of Equity SensitivityMarket Value of Equity SensitivityTable 14Market Value of Equity SensitivityTable 13
  
Estimated % Change in MVEEstimated % Change in MVE
September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
Rate Change  
+200 bps(7.3)% (8.2)%(7.7)% (9.1)%
+100 bps(2.9)% (3.7)%(3.4)% (4.2)%
-25 bps0.3% 0.7%0.5% 0.8%
The decrease in MVE sensitivity at September 30, 20162017 compared to December 31, 20152016 was due to lower balance sheet duration, driven primarily from (i) lower long-term interest rates, which drive faster prepayment speeds on mortgage loans and securities, and (ii) the implementationby a decline in our outstanding, active notional balance of the annual update on client deposit behaviors on indeterminate maturity deposits.receive-fixed, pay-variable commercial loan swaps. The 10-year swap rate at September 30, 2016 declined 722017 decreased five basis points to 1.46%2.29%, compared to 2.18%2.34% at December 31, 2015. Updated deposit assumptions reflect increasing balances and slower decays, which lengthens deposit lives, thereby shortening overall balance sheet duration.2016. While an instantaneous and severe shift in interest rates was used in this analysis to provide an estimate of exposure under these rate scenarios, we believe that a gradual shift in interest rates would have a much more modest impact.
Since MVE measures the discounted present value of cash flows over the estimated lives of instruments, the change in MVE does not directly correlate to the degree that earnings would be impacted over a shorter time horizon (i.e., the current year). Furthermore, MVE does not take into account factors such as future balance sheet growth, changes in product mix, changes in yield curve relationships, and changing product spreads that could mitigate the impact of changes in interest rates. The net interest income simulation and valuation analyses do not include actions that management may undertake to manage this risk in response to anticipated changes in interest rates.

Market Risk from Trading Activities
We manage market risk associated with trading activities using a comprehensive risk management approach, which includes VAR metrics, stress testing, and sensitivity analyses. Risk metrics are measured and monitored on a daily basis at both the trading desk and at the aggregate portfolio level to ensure exposures are in line with our risk appetite. Our risk measurement for covered positions subject to the Market Risk Rule takes into account trading exposures


resulting from interest rate risk, equity risk, foreign exchange rate risk, credit spread risk, and commodity price risk.
For trading portfolios, VAR measures the estimated maximum loss from aone or more trading position,positions, given a specified confidence level and time horizon. VAR results are monitored daily against established limits. For risk management purposes, our VAR calculation is based on a historical simulation and measures the potential trading losses using a one-day holding period at a one-tail, 99% confidence level. This means that, on average, trading losses are expected tocould exceed VAR one out of 100 trading days or two to three times per year. Due to inherent limitations of the VAR limitations,methodology, such as the assumption that past market

behavior is indicative of future market performance, VAR is only one of several tools used to manage market risk. Other tools used to actively manage market risk include scenario analysis, stress testing, profit and loss attribution, and stop loss limits.
In addition to VAR, as required by the Market Risk Rule issued by the U.S. banking regulators, we calculate Stressed VAR, which is used as a component of the total market risk capital charge. We calculate the Stressed VAR risk measure using a ten-day holding period at a one-tail, 99% confidence level and employ a historical simulation approach based on a continuous twelve-month historical window.window selected to reflect a period of significant financial stress for our trading portfolio. The historical period used in the selection of the stress window encompasses all recent financial crises including the 2008-2009 global financial crisis, which captures the most significant period of financial stress applicable to our specific portfolio.crisis. Our Stressed VAR calculation uses the same methodology and models as regular VAR, which is a requirement under the Market Risk Rule.
Table 1514 presents VAR and Stressed VAR for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20162017 and 2015,2016, as well as VAR by Risk Factor at September 30, 20162017 and 2015.2016.
Value at Risk Profile   Table 15 
        
 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2016 2015 2016 2015
VAR (1-day holding period):      
Period end
$2
 
$2
 
$2
 
$2
High3
 3
 3
 3
Low1
 2
 1
 2
Average2
 2
 3
 2
        
Stressed VAR (10-day holding period):
Period end
$72
 
$39
 
$72
 
$39
High87
 81
 87
 104
Low11
 29
 8
 24
Average39
 47
 31
 57
        
VAR by Risk Factor at period end (1-day holding period):
Equity risk    
$1
 
$1
Interest rate risk    2
 2
Credit spread risk    5
 2
VAR total at period end (1-day diversified) 2
 2
Value at Risk Profile   Table 14 
        
 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2017 2016 2017 2016
VAR (1-day holding period):      
Period end
$2
 
$2
 
$2
 
$2
High3
 3
 3
 3
Low1
 1
 1
 1
Average2
 2
 2
 3
        
Stressed VAR (10-day holding period):
Period end
$69
 
$72
 
$69
 
$72
High100
 87
 100
 87
Low44
 11
 22
 8
Average65
 39
 53
 31
        
VAR by Risk Factor at period end (1-day holding period):
Equity risk    
$1
 
$1
Interest rate risk    1
 2
Credit spread risk    3
 5
VAR total at period end (1-day diversified) 2
 2
The trading portfolio, measured in terms of VAR, is predominantly comprised of four sub-portfolios of covered positions: (i) credit trading, (ii) fixed income securities, (iii) interest rate derivatives, and (iv) equity derivatives. The trading portfolio also contains other sub-portfolios, including foreign
exchange rate and commodities;commodity derivatives; however, these trading risk exposures are not material. Our covered positions originate primarily from underwriting, market making and associated risk mitigating hedging activity, and other services for our clients. AsThe trading portfolio's VAR profile, as illustrated in Table 15, there14, is influenced by a variety of factors, including the size and composition of the portfolio, market volatility, the correlation between different positions, and the specific risk measure being reported. Average daily VAR was a modest increaseunchanged for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016, and average daily VAR was lower for the nine months ended September 30, 20162017 compared to the same period of 2015, while theprior year. These results were driven primarily by favorable market conditions and strong client demand, which resulted in higher average daily VAR for the three months ended September 30, 2016 remained at the same level year-over-year. The period end VAR at September 30, 2016 was $2 million, unchanged compared to September 30, 2015. Continued risk mitigating activitiesbalance sheet usage within our equity derivatives business sincecredit trading portfolio, as well as lower levels of market volatility during the second halffirst nine months of 2015 contributed to a lower average2017, which largely offset the impact of higher balance sheet usage on the VAR calculation. Stressed VAR, which is not influenced by current levels of market volatility, increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 20162017 compared to the same periods of 2015. The period end Stressed VAR at September 30,in 2016, was higher compared to September 30, 2015 primarily due to andriven by both the aforementioned increase in balance sheet usage within the credit trading business during the third quarter of 2016 in response to increased client demand and more favorable market conditions. Additionally, period end Stressed VaR at September 30, 2016 reflected the temporary impact of maturing positions in thehigher stressed exposures associated with our equity derivatives portfolio. Nonetheless, our Stressed VAR remains within historical ranges. The trading portfolio of covered positions did not contain any correlation trading positions or on- or off-balance sheet securitization positions in 2015 orduring the nine months ended September 30, 2017 or 2016.
In accordance with the Market Risk Rule, we evaluate the accuracy of our VAR model through daily backtesting by comparing aggregate daily trading gains and losses (excluding fees, commissions, reserves, net interest income, and intraday trading) from covered positions with the corresponding daily VAR-based measures derived fromgenerated by the model. As illustrated in the following graph for the twelve months ended September 30, 2016,2017, there were no firmwide VAR backtesting exceptions during this period. There was a near VAR backtest exception in November 2016, due largely to the post-election sell-off in U.S. bond markets, which temporarily impacted our fixed income and credit trading portfolios. The total number of VAR backtesting exceptions over the preceding 12twelve months is used to determine the multiplication factor for the VAR-based capital requirement under the Market Risk Rule. The capital multiplication factor increases from a minimum of three to a maximum of four, depending on the number of exceptions. There was no change in the capital multiplication factor over the preceding 12twelve months.



 
vargraph.jpgbacktesting.jpg
 

We have valuation policies, procedures, and methodologies for all covered positions. Additionally, trading positions are reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP and are subject to independent price verification. See Note 13, "Derivative Financial Instruments" and Note 14, "Fair Value Election and Measurement" to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q, as well as the "Critical Accounting Policies" MD&A section inof our 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K for discussion of valuation policies, procedures, and methodologies.

Model risk management: Our approach for validatingregarding the validation and evaluatingevaluation of the accuracy of our internal andmodels, external models, and associated processes, includes developmental and implementation testing as well as ongoing monitoring and maintenance performed by the various model developers, in conjunction with model owners. TheOur MRMG is responsible for the independent model validation forof all trading risk models. The validation typically includes evaluation of all model documentation as well as model monitoring and maintenance plans. In addition, the MRMG performs its own independent testing. We regularly review the performance of all trading risk models through our model monitoring and maintenance process to preemptively address emerging developments in financial markets, assess evolving modeling approaches, and to identify potential model enhancement.
Stress testing: We use a comprehensive range of stress testing techniques to help monitor risks across trading desks and to augment standard daily VAR and other risk limits reporting. The stress testing framework is designed to quantify the impact of extreme, but plausible, stress scenarios that could lead to large unexpected losses. Our stress tests include historical repeats and
simulations using hypothetical risk factor shocks. All trading positions within each applicable market risk category (interest rate risk, equity risk, foreign exchange rate risk, credit spread risk, and commodity price risk) are included in our comprehensive stress testing framework. We review stress testing scenarios on an ongoing basis and make updates as necessary to ensure that both current and emerging risks are captured appropriately.
Trading portfolio capital adequacy: We assess capital adequacy on a regular basis, which is based on estimates of our risk profile and capital positions under baseline and stressed scenarios. Scenarios consider significant risks, including credit risk, market risk, and operational risk. Our assessment of capital adequacy arising from market risk includes a review of risk arising from material portfolios of covered positions. See the “Capital Resources” section in this MD&A for additional discussion of capital adequacy.



Liquidity Risk Management
Liquidity risk is the risk of being unable, at a reasonable cost, to meet financial obligations as they come due. We manage liquidity risk consistent with our ER management practices in order to mitigate our three primary liquidity risks: (i) structural liquidity risk, (ii) market liquidity risk, and (iii) contingentcontingency liquidity risk. Structural liquidity risk arises from our maturity transformation activities and balance sheet structure, which may create differences in the timing of cash inflows and outflows. Market liquidity risk, which we also describe as refinancing or refunding risk, constitutes the risk that we could lose access to the financial markets or the cost of such access may rise to undesirable levels. ContingentContingency liquidity risk arises from rare

and severely adverse liquidity events; these events may be idiosyncratic or systemic, or a combination thereof.
We mitigate these risks utilizing a variety of tested liquidity management techniques in keeping with regulatory guidance and industry best practices. For example, we mitigate structural liquidity risk by structuring our balance sheet prudently so that we fund less liquid assets, such as loans, with stable funding sources, such as consumer and commercial deposits, long-term debt, and capital. We mitigate market liquidity risk by maintaining diverse borrowing resources to fund projected cash needs and structuring our liabilities to avoid maturity concentrations. We test contingentcontingency liquidity risk from a range of potential adverse circumstances in our contingency funding scenarios. These scenarios inform the amount of contingency liquidity sources we maintain as a liquidity buffer to ensure we can meet our obligations in a timely manner under adverse contingentcontingency liquidity events.
Governance. We maintain a comprehensive liquidity risk governance structure in keeping with regulatory guidance and industry best practices. Our Board, through the BRC, oversees liquidity risk management and establishes our liquidity risk appetite via a set of cascading risk limits. The BRC reviews and approves risk policies to establish these limits and regularly reviews reports prepared by senior management to monitor compliance with these policies. The Board charges the CEO with determining corporate strategies in accordance with its risk appetite and the CEO is a member of our ALCO, which is the executive level committee with oversight of liquidity risk management. The ALCO regularly monitors our liquidity and compliance with liquidity risk limits, and also reviews and approves liquidity management strategies and tactics.
Management and Reporting Framework. Corporate Treasury, under the oversight of the ALCO, is responsible for managing consolidated liquidity risks we encounter in the course of our business. In so doing, Corporate Treasury develops and implements short-term and long-term liquidity management strategies, funding plans, and liquidity stress tests, and also monitors early warning indicators; all of which assist in identifying, measuring, monitoring, reporting, and managing our liquidity risks. Corporate Treasury primarily monitors and manages liquidity risk at the Parent Company and Bank levels as the non-bank subsidiaries are relatively small and ultimately rely upon the Parent Company as a source of liquidity in adverse environments. However, Corporate Treasury also monitors
liquidity developments of, and maintains a regular dialogue with, our other legal entities.
MRM conducts independent oversight and governance of liquidity risk management activities. For example, MRM works with Corporate Treasury to ensure our liquidity risk management practices conform to applicable laws and regulations and evaluates key assumptions incorporated in our contingency funding scenarios.
Further, the internal audit function performs the risk assurance role for liquidity risk management. Internal audit conducts an independent assessment of the adequacy of internal controls, including procedural documentation, approval processes, reconciliations, and other mechanisms employed by liquidity risk management and MRM to ensure that liquidity risk
is consistent with applicable policies, procedures, laws, and regulations.
LCR requirements under Regulation WW became effective for us on January 1, 2016. The LCR requires large U.S. banking organizations to hold unencumbered high-quality liquid assets sufficient to withstand projected cash outflows under a prescribed liquidity stress scenario. Regulation WW will be phased in as specified by the regulatory requirements and requires that we maintain an LCR above 90% during 2016 and 100% beginning January 1, 2017. We expect to meet or exceedhave met LCR requirements within the regulatory timelines. Attimelines and at September 30, 2016,2017, our LCR was above 90%.the 100% regulatory requirement.
On December 19, 2016, the FRB published a final rule implementing public disclosure requirements for BHCs subject to the LCR that will require them to publicly disclose quantitative and qualitative information regarding their respective LCR calculations on a quarterly basis. We will be required to begin disclosing elements under this final rule after October 1, 2018.
On May 3, 2016, Federal banking regulators moved forward withthe FRB, OCC, and the FDIC issued a joint proposed rule thatto implement the NSFR. The proposal would implementrequire large U.S. banking organizations to maintain a stable funding profile over a one-year horizon. The FRB proposed a modified NSFRrequirement the net stable funding ratio ("NSFR"), for largeBHCs with greater than $50 billion but less than $250 billion in total consolidated assets, and internationally active banking organizations, and would modify certain definitionsless than $10 billion in the LCR Final Rule which was finalized in September 2014.total on balance sheet foreign exposure. The proposed NSFR requirement seeks to (i) reduce vulnerability to liquidity risk in financial institution funding structures and (ii) promote improved standardization in the measurement, management and disclosure of liquidity risk. It would apply to the same large and internationally active banking organizations that are subject to the LCR rule, but with a broader focus. It seeks to require stable funding relative to each bank’s entire balance sheet using a one-year time horizon rather than the LCR's short-term, 30-day stress test requirement. The proposed rule contains an implementation date of January 1, 2018.2018; however, a final rule has not yet been issued.
Uses of Funds. Our primary uses of funds include the extension of loans and credit, the purchase of investment securities, working capital, and debt and capital service. The Bank and the Parent Company borrowborrows from the money markets using instruments such as Fed funds, Eurodollars, and securities sold under agreements to repurchase. At September 30, 2016,2017, the Bank retained a material cash position in its Federal Reserve account. The Parent Company also retains a material cash position in its Federal Reserve account with the Bank in accordance with our policies and risk limits, discussed in greater detail below.
Sources of Funds. Our primary source of funds is a large, stable deposit base. Core deposits, predominantly made up of consumer and commercial deposits originated primarily from our retail branch network and Wholesale Banking client base, are our largest and most cost-effective source of funding. Total deposits


increased to $158.8$162.7 billion at September 30, 2016,2017, from $149.8$160.4 billion at December 31, 2015.2016.
We also maintain access to diversified sources for both secured and unsecured wholesale funding. These uncommitted sources include Fed funds purchased from other banks, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, FHLB advances, and global bank notes.Global Bank Notes. Aggregate borrowings increased modestly to $16.8$16.7 billion at September 30, 2016,2017, from $13.1$16.5 billion at December 31, 2015. This increase in aggregate borrowings was due to growth in both lending activity and the high-quality, liquid asset portfolio.2016.
As mentioned above, the Bank and Parent Company maintain programs to access the debt capital markets. The Parent Company maintains an SEC shelf registration from which it may issue senior or subordinated notes and various capital securities, such as common or preferred stock. Our Board has authorized

the issuance of up to $5.0 billion of such securities under the SEC shelf registration, of which $4.0$2.2 billion and $3.0 billion of issuance capacity remained available at September 30, 2016. In February2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The reduction in our SEC shelf registration issuance capacity during the first nine months of 2017 was driven by the Parent Company issued $1.0 billionCompany's May 2017 issuance of 5-year fixed rate senior notes.$750 million of Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series G. See the "Capital Resources" section of this MD&A for additional information regarding our stock issuances.
The Bank maintains a global bank noteGlobal Bank Note program under which it may issue senior or subordinated debt with various terms. In May 2016,January 2017, the Bank issued $750$1.0 billion of 3-year fixed rate senior notes and $300 million of 10-year fixed3-year floating rate subordinatedsenior notes under this program. In July 2017, we issued $1.0 billion of 5-year senior notes that pay a fixed annual coupon rate of 2.45% under our Global Bank Note program. At September 30, 2016,2017, the Bank retained $35.8$34.9 billion of remaining capacity to issue notes under the global bank noteGlobal Bank Note program.
Our issuance capacity under these Bank and Parent Company programs refers to authorization granted by our Board, which is a formal program capacity and not a commitment to purchase by any investor. Debt and equity securities issued under these programs are designed to appeal primarily to domestic and international institutional investors. Institutional investor demand for these securities depends upon numerous factors, including, but not limited to, our credit ratings, investor perception of financial market conditions, and the health of the banking sector. Therefore, our ability to access these markets in the future could be impaired for either idiosyncratic or systemic reasons.
We assess liquidity needs that may occur in both the normal course of business and during times of unusual, adverse events, considering both on and off-balance sheet arrangements and commitments that may impact liquidity in certain business environments. We have contingency funding scenarios and plans that assess liquidity needs that may arise from certain stress events such as severe economic recessions, financial market disruptions, and credit rating downgrades. In particular, a ratings downgrade could adversely impact the cost and availability of
some of our liquid funding sources. Factors that affect our credit ratings include, but are not limited to, the credit risk profile of our assets, the adequacy of our ALLL, the level and stability of
our earnings, the liquidity profile of both the Bank and the Parent Company, the economic environment, and the adequacy of our capital base.
As illustrated in Table 16, Moody’s, 15, S&P, and Fitch all assigned a “Stable” outlook on revised our credit ratings based on our improved earnings profile, good asset quality performance, solid liquidity profile,rating outlook from “Stable” to “Positive” in the third quarter of 2017, while both Moody’s and sound capital position.Fitch maintained “Stable” outlooks. Future credit rating downgrades are possible, although not currently anticipated given these “Positive” and “Stable” credit rating outlooks.
Credit Ratings and OutlookTable 1615
 September 30, 20162017
 Moody’s S&P Fitch
SunTrust Banks, Inc.:     
Senior debtBaa1 BBB+ A-
Preferred stockBaa3 BB+ BB
      
SunTrust Bank:     
Long-term depositsA1 A- A
Short-term depositsP-1 A-2 F1
Senior debtBaal A- A-
OutlookStable StablePositive Stable
Our investment portfolio is a use of funds and we manage the portfolio primarily as a store of liquidity, maintaining the majority of our securities in liquid and high-grade asset classes, such as agency MBS, agency debt, and U.S. Treasury securities; nearly all of these securities qualify as high-quality liquid assets under the U.S. LCR Final Rule. At September 30, 2016,2017, our securities AFS portfolio contained $25.0$27.4 billion of unencumbered high-quality, liquid securities at market value.
As mentioned above, we maintainevaluate contingency funding scenarios to anticipate and manage the likely impact of impaired capital markets access and other adverse liquidity circumstances. Our contingency plans also provide for continuous monitoring of net borrowed funds dependence and available sources of contingency liquidity. These sources of contingency liquidity sources include available cash reserves, the ability to sell, pledge, or borrow against unencumbered securities in our investment portfolio, the capacity to borrow from the FHLB system or the Federal Reserve discount window, and the ability to sell or securitize certain loan portfolios.


Table 1716 presents period end and average balances forof our contingency liquidity sources for the third quarterquarters of 20162017 and 2015.2016. These sources exceed our contingentcontingency liquidity needs as measured in our contingency funding scenarios.
Contingency Liquidity SourcesContingency Liquidity Sources     Table 17
Contingency Liquidity Sources     Table 16
          
As of Average for the Three Months Ended ¹ As of Average for the Three Months Ended ¹ 
(Dollars in billions)September 30, 2016 September 30, 2015 September 30, 2016 September 30, 2015September 30, 2017 September 30, 2016 September 30, 2017 September 30, 2016
Excess reserves
$5.7
 
$2.3
 
$3.4
 
$3.8

$4.5
 
$5.7
 
$2.8
 
$3.4
Free and liquid investment portfolio securities25.0
 23.5
 25.0
 23.8
27.4
 25.0
 27.8
 25.0
Unused FHLB borrowing capacity23.7
 19.6
 22.6
 17.9
24.5
 23.7
 23.2
 22.6
Unused discount window borrowing capacity17.1
 17.0
 17.5
 17.0
17.8
 17.1
 17.8
 17.5
Total
$71.5
 
$62.4
 
$68.5
 
$62.5

$74.2
 
$71.5
 
$71.6
 
$68.5
1 Average based upon month-end data, except excess reserves, which is based upon a daily average.


Parent Company Liquidity. Our primary measure of Parent Company liquidity is the length of time the Parent Company can meet its existing and forecasted obligations using its cash resources. We measure and manage this metric using forecasts from both normal and adverse conditions. Under adverse conditions, we measure how long the Parent Company can meet its capital and debt service obligations after experiencing material attrition of short-term unsecured funding and without the support of dividends from the Bank or access to the capital markets. In accordance with these risk limits established by ALCO and the Board, we manage the Parent Company’s liquidity by structuring its net maturity schedule to minimize the amount of debt maturing within a short period of time. A majority of the Parent Company’s liabilities are long-term in nature, coming from the proceeds of issuances of our capital securities and long-term senior and subordinated notes. See the "Borrowings" section of this MD&A, as well as Note 11, “Borrowings and Contractual Commitments,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information regarding our debt.
We manage the Parent Company to maintain most of its liquid assets in cash and securities that it can quickly convert into cash. Unlike the Bank, it is not typical for the Parent Company to maintain a material investment portfolio of publicly traded securities. We manage the Parent Company cash balance to provide sufficient liquidity to fund all forecasted obligations (primarily debt and capital service) for an extended period of months in accordance with our risk limits.
The primary uses of Parent Company liquidity include debt service, dividends on capital instruments, the periodic purchase
 
of investment securities, loans to our subsidiaries, and common share repurchases. See further details of the authorized common share repurchases in the "Capital Resources" section of this MD&A and in Part II, Item 2, "Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds" in this Form 10-Q. We fund corporate dividends with Parent Company cash, the primary sources of which are dividends from our banking subsidiary and proceeds from the issuance of debt and capital securities. We are subject to both state and federal banking regulations that limit our ability to pay common stock dividends in certain circumstances.
Other Liquidity Considerations. As presented in Table 18,17, we had an aggregate potential obligation of $89.7$87.0 billion to our clients in unused lines of credit at September 30, 2016.2017. Commitments to extend credit are arrangements to lend to clients who have complied with predetermined contractual obligations. We also had $2.8$2.9 billion in letters of credit outstanding at September 30, 2016,2017, most of which are standby letters of credit, which require that we provide funding if certain future events occur. Approximately $464$263 million of these letters supported variable rate demand obligations at September 30, 2016.2017. Unused commercial lines of credit have decreased since December 31, 2015,2016, driven by revolver utilization. Unused credit card lines increasedResidential mortgage commitments also decreased since December 31, 20152016, due primarily to our strategic focus on growing this business and our launchthe decrease in IRLC volume outpacing the decrease in closed loan volume during the first nine months of new, streamlined2017. Additionally, unused CRE lines of credit card product offerings in 2015. Additionally, our mortgage commitments increaseddecreased since December 31, 2015 due to higher purchase and refinance production volume2016, driven primarily by the low interest rate environment.increased utilization of existing CRE lines of credit.



Unfunded Lending CommitmentsUnfunded Lending Commitments     Table 18
Unfunded Lending Commitments     Table 17
As of Average for the Three Months EndedAs of Average for the Three Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 September 30, 2016 September 30, 2015September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2017 September 30, 2016
Unused lines of credit:              
Commercial
$57,927
 
$58,855
 
$57,175
 
$55,671

$58,616
 
$59,803
 
$57,807
 
$57,175
Mortgage commitments 1
7,488
 3,232
 7,222
 4,459
Residential mortgage commitments 1
4,076
 4,240
 4,268
 7,222
Home equity lines10,370
 10,523
 10,420
 10,675
10,116
 10,336
 10,159
 10,420
CRE4,303
 4,455
 4,485
 3,710
CRE 2
3,786
 4,468
 3,953
 4,485
Credit card9,655
 8,478
 9,495
 7,725
10,442
 9,798
 10,338
 9,495
Total unused lines of credit
$89,743
 
$85,543
 
$88,797
 
$82,240

$87,036
 
$88,645
 
$86,525
 
$88,797
              
Letters of credit:              
Financial standby
$2,656
 
$2,775
 
$2,662
 
$2,780

$2,813
 
$2,777
 
$2,722
 
$2,662
Performance standby131
 137
 129
 137
117
 130
 121
 129
Commercial19
 27
 17
 30
17
 19
 14
 17
Total letters of credit
$2,806
 
$2,939
 
$2,808
 
$2,947

$2,947
 
$2,926
 
$2,857
 
$2,808
1 Includes residential mortgage IRLCs with notional balances of $2.3 billion and $2.6 billion at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
2 Includes commercial mortgage IRLCs and forward loan salesother commitments with notional balances of $5.1 billion$282 million and $2.3 billion$395 million at September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015,2016, respectively.


Other Market Risk
Except as discussed below, there have been no other significant changes to other market risk as described in our 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We measure our residential MSRs are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and hedge the risk associated with changes in fair value. Residential MSRs totaled $1.1 billion and $1.3$1.6 billion at both September 30, 20162017 and December 31, 2015, respectively,2016, and are managed within established risk limits and monitored as part of ana comprehensive risk governance process, which includes established governance process.risk limits.
We originated residential MSRs with fair values at the time of origination of $90 million and $252 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, and $88 million and $198 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, and $68 million and $185 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively. Additionally, we purchased residential MSRs with a fair valuesvalue of approximately $27 million and $104 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, and $109 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.2016. No residential MSRs were purchased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015.2017.
We recognized mark-to-market decreases in the fair value of the residential MSR portfolio of $56$70 million and $488$195 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016,2017, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015,2016, we recognized mark-to-market decreases of $198$56 million and $235$488 million, in the fair value of the MSR portfolio, respectively. Changes in fair value include the decay resulting from the realization of monthly net servicing cash flows. We recognized net losses related to residential MSRs, inclusive of decayfair value changes and related hedges, of $54 million and $153 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, and $44 million and $107 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, and net losses of $47 million and $137 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively. Compared to the prior year quarter,periods, the decreaseincrease in net losses related to residential MSRs was primarily driven by stronger net hedge performance. Compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015, thehigher decay combined with a decrease in net losses related to MSRs was primarily driven by lower decay along with improved net hedge performance.performance in the current periods. All other servicing rights, which include commercial mortgage and consumer indirect loan servicing
 
rights, are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis, and therefore, are not subject to the same market risks associated with residential MSRs.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
In the ordinary course of business we engage in certain activities that are not reflected in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, generally referred to as "off-balance sheet arrangements." These activities involve transactions with unconsolidated VIEs as well as other arrangements, such as commitments and guarantees, to meet the financing needs of our customers and to support ongoing operations. Additional information regarding these types of activities is included in the "Borrowings" and “Liquidity"Liquidity Risk Management” sectionsManagement" section of this MD&A, Note 8, “Certain"Certain Transfers of Financial Assets and Variable Interest Entities," and Note 12, “Guarantees,”"Guarantees," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q, as well as in our 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Contractual Obligations
In the normal course of business, we enter into certain contractual obligations, including obligations to make future payments on debtour borrowings, partnership investments, and lease arrangements, as well as contractual commitments forto lend to clients and to fund capital expenditures and service contracts.
Except for changes in unfunded lending commitments (presented in Table 1817 within the "Liquidity Risk Management"
section of this MD&A), borrowings (presented in the "Borrowings" section of this MD&A), and pension and other postretirement benefit plans (disclosed in Note 11, "Employee Benefit Plans," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q), there have been no material changes in our contractual obligations from those disclosed in our 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.



BUSINESS SEGMENTS
See Note 16, "Business Segment Reporting," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for a description of our business segments, basis of presentation, internal management reporting methodologies, and business segment structure
realignment from three segments to two segments in the second quarter of 2017. Table 1918 presents net income for our reportable business segments:
Net Income by Business Segment      Table 19
      Table 18
              
Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2016 2015 2016 20152017 2016 2017 2016
Consumer Banking and Private Wealth Management
$180
 
$201
 
$522
 
$545
Wholesale Banking224
 236
 601
 737
Mortgage Banking52
 106
 162
 219
Consumer
$241
 
$258
 
$651
 
$762
Wholesale359
 252
 967
 684
              
Corporate Other27
 44
 137
 129
(22) 26
 37
 133
Reconciling Items 1
(9) (50) (9) (181)(40) (62) (122) (166)
Total Corporate Other18
 (6) 128
 (52)(62) (36) (85) (33)
Consolidated Net Income
$474
 
$537
 
$1,413
 
$1,449

$538
 
$474
 
$1,533
 
$1,413
1 Includes differences between net income reported for each business segment using management accounting practices and U.S. GAAP. Prior period information has been restated to reflect changes in internal reporting methodology. See additional information in Note 16, "Business Segment Reporting," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.


Table 2019 presents average loans and average deposits for our reportable business segments:
Average Loans and Deposits by Business Segment      Table 20
Average Loans and Deposits by Business Segment     Table 19
Three Months Ended September 30Three Months Ended September 30
Average Loans Average Consumer
and Commercial Deposits
Average Loans Average Consumer
and Commercial Deposits
(Dollars in millions)2016 2015 2016 20152017 2016 2017 2016
Consumer Banking and Private Wealth Management
$43,405
 
$40,189
 
$95,924
 
$91,039
Wholesale Banking71,634
 67,291
 55,921
 51,194
Mortgage Banking27,146
 25,299
 3,374
 2,918
Consumer
$73,378
 
$70,560
 
$103,066
 
$99,730
Wholesale71,255
 71,625
 56,211
 55,489
Corporate Other72
 58
 94
 75
73
 72
 142
 94
 Nine Months Ended September 30
 Average Loans Average Consumer
and Commercial Deposits
(Dollars in millions)2016 2015 2016 2015
Consumer Banking and Private Wealth Management
$42,502
 
$40,539
 
$95,389
 
$90,919
Wholesale Banking71,499
 67,565
 54,564
 49,142
Mortgage Banking26,563
 24,847
 2,896
 2,754
Corporate Other64
 49
 62
 54

See Note 16, “Business Segment Reporting,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for a discussion of our segment structure, basis of presentation, and internal management reporting methodologies.
 Nine Months Ended September 30
 Average Loans Average Consumer
and Commercial Deposits
(Dollars in millions)2017 2016 2017 2016
Consumer
$72,200
 
$69,075
 
$102,686
 
$98,751
Wholesale72,005
 71,489
 56,326
 54,099
Corporate Other71
 64
 133
 61



BUSINESS SEGMENT RESULTS
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 vs.2017 versus Nine Months Ended September 30, 20152016
Consumer Banking and Private Wealth Management
Consumer Banking and Private Wealth Management reported net income of $522$651 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016,2017, a decrease of $23$111 million, or 4%15%, compared to the same period in 2015,2016. The decrease was driven primarily by increased noninterest expensehigher provision for credit losses and decreased noninterestlower mortgage production related income, offset partially offset by higher net interest income.
Net interest income was $2.1$2.7 billion, an increase of $96$170 million, or 5%7%, compared to the same period in 2015, primarily2016, driven by an increasegrowth in average loan and deposit growth, favorable deposit product mix, andbalances as well as improved loan spreads, partially offset by lower deposit spreads. Net interest income related to deposits increased $57$138 million, or 4%10%, driven by an 11 basis point increase in deposit spread and a $4.5$3.9 billion, or 5%4%, increase in average deposit balances. Net interest income related to loansLHFI increased $41$45 million, or 5%4%, largely driven primarily by a $2.0 billion, or 5%, increasegrowth in average loan balances.
Provision for credit losses was $107$299 million, an increase of $6$209 million compared to the same period in 2016 as a result of higher net charge-offs and increased hurricane-related reserves during the third quarter of 2017.
Total noninterest income was $1.4 billion, a decrease of $167 million, or 11%, compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease was driven primarily by lower mortgage-related income and lower service charges on deposits due to the enhanced posting order process instituted during the fourth quarter of 2016.
Total noninterest expense was $2.8 billion, a decrease of $7 million compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease was due to lower staff expense, lower outside processing costs, and accrual reversals related to the favorable resolution of previous legal matters, offset partially by increased expenses associated with corporate support and technology, occupancy and branch network-related activities, and marketing investments.
Wholesale
Wholesale reported net income of $967 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $283 million, or 41%, compared to the same period in 2016. The year-over-year increase was attributable to higher net interest income, noninterest income, and lower provision for credit losses, offset partially by higher noninterest expense associated with revenue growth and the acquisition of Pillar.
Net interest income was $1.8 billion, an increase of $184 million, or 12%, compared to the same period in 2016, driven primarily by growth in average deposit balances as well as improved deposit spreads. Net interest income related to deposits increased $112 million, or 19%, driven by a 21 basis point increase in deposit spreads. Average deposit balances grew $2.2 billion, or 4%, driven primarily by an increase in interest-bearing
commercial DDA and business CD balances, offset partially by declines in money market accounts and noninterest-bearing commercial DDAs. Net interest income related to LHFI increased $54 million, or 6%, as average LHFI grew $516 million, or 1%. Growth in loan-related net interest income was due to improved spreads on C&I loans and growth in CRE loan balances.
Provision for credit losses was $31 million, a decrease of $222 million, or 88%, compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease was due primarily to lower energy-related net charge-offs.
Total noninterest income was $1.2 billion, an increase of $198 million, or 20%, compared to the same period in 2016. The year-over-year increase was driven primarily by higher investment banking income, which increased $108 million, or 29%, with broad-based growth across several products and services, particularly in mergers and acquisitions advisory, syndicated finance, bonds and equity origination. Additionally, Pillar contributed $52 million of fee income on a year-over-year basis with the remainder of the increase attributable to structured lease gains and card fees.
Total noninterest expense was $1.4 billion, an increase of $156 million, or 13%, compared to the same period in 2016. The increase was due primarily to Pillar-related expenses, higher compensation associated with improved business performance, ongoing investment in technology, and higher amortization expense related to increased STCC community development investments.
Corporate Other
Corporate Other net income was $37 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, a decrease of $96 million, or 72%, compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease in net income was due primarily to lower net interest income.
Net interest income was a net expense of $15 million, a decrease of $100 million compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease was driven by lower commercial loan swap-related income due to higher LIBOR rates. Average long-term debt increased $527 million, or 6%, compared to the same period in 2015,2016, driven primarily by an increase in net charge-offs.balance sheet management activities.
Total noninterest income was $1.1 billion,$59 million, a decrease of $28$53 million, or 2%47%, compared to the same period in 2015.2016. The decrease was largely driven by lower wealth management-related income due to lower transactional volumes and lower average assets under management. Other miscellaneous income decreased due to an asset impairment recognizeda gain on the sale-leaseback of one of our office buildings in 2016 and the impactsecond quarter of loan sale gains recognized in 2015. These decreases were partially offset by increased service charges on deposits, card services income, and ATM fees.2016.
Total noninterest expense was $2.3 billion, an increase of $98 million, or 4%, compared to the same period in 2015. The increase was primarily driven by higher allocated functional support costs, increased occupancy expense, outside processing expense, and increases in other noninterest expense categories.

Wholesale Banking
Wholesale Banking reported net income of $601 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, a decrease of $136 million, or 18%, compared to the same period in 2015. The decrease in net income was attributable to an increase in provision for credit losses and higher noninterest expense, which were partially offset by an increase in net interest income.
Net interest income was $1.5 billion, an increase of $33 million, or 2%, compared to the same period in 2015, primarily driven by an increase in average deposit balances. Deposit-related net interest income increased $39 million as average deposit balances grew $5.4 billion, or 11%. Combined average balance growth in interest-bearing transaction accounts and money market accounts increased $5.3 billion, or 21%. Average loans grew $3.9 billion, or 6%, primarily led by C&I loans; however, net interest income growth related to loans was mitigated due to lower loan spreads.
Provision for credit losses was $253$26 million, an increase of $180$23 million compared to the same period in 2015.2016. The increase was due primarily to higher energy-related charge-offs and related reserves, as well as loan growth.severance costs.
Total noninterest income was $906 million, a decrease of $8 million, or 1%, compared to the same period in 2015. The decrease was due to lower card fees and lower leasing-related income, which were offset by higher investment banking, trading income, and non-margin loan fees. See additional discussion related to trading income in the "Noninterest Income" section of this MD&A.
Total noninterest expense was $1.3 billion, an increase of $88 million, or 8%, compared to the same period in 2015. The increase was primarily due to an increase in employee compensation as we continue to invest in talent to meet our clients' needs and augment our capabilities, higher amortization expenses associated with our new market tax credit investments (offsetting benefit in tax credits), and increased investment related expense in our loan origination and treasury payments platform along with increased FDIC insurance premiums.

Mortgage Banking
Mortgage Banking reported net income of $162 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, a decrease of $57 million, or 26%, compared to the same period in 2015. The $57 million decrease is due to higher noninterest expense, lower benefit from credit losses, and lower net interest income, partially offset by higher noninterest income.
Net interest income was $334 million, a decrease of $32 million, or 9%, compared to the same period in 2015. The decrease was predominantly due to lower net interest income on loans and LHFS. Net interest income on loans decreased $32 million, or 12%, due to lower spreads on residential mortgages, partially offset by a $1.7 billion, or 7%, increase in average loan balances. Compared to the same period in 2015, net interest income on LHFS decreased $4 million due to lower spreads, partially offset by higher average balances while net interest income on deposits increased $7 million due to growth in both balances and spreads.
Provision for credit losses was a benefit of $17 million, a decrease of $44 million, or 72%, compared to the same period in 2015 due to moderating asset quality improvements.
Total noninterest income was $457 million, an increase of $111 million, or 32%, compared to the same period in 2015. The increase was driven by higher mortgage production and servicing income. Mortgage production-related income increased $72 million compared to the same period in 2015, due to higher production volume and higher gain on sale margins. Loan originations were $20.7 billion, an increase of $2.9 billion, or 16%, compared to the same period in 2015. Mortgage servicing-related income was $164 million, an increase of $50 million, or 44%, compared to the same period in 2015. The increase was driven primarily by favorable net hedge performance, higher servicing fees, and lower decay expense. Total loans serviced were $154.0 billion at September 30, 2016, compared to $149.2 billion at September 30, 2015, an increase of 3%.
Total noninterest expense was $547 million, an increase of $37 million, or 7%, compared to the same period in 2015. The increase was due to a $42 million increase in operating losses from the favorable resolution of legacy mortgage-related matters in the prior year, partially offset by a $14 million decrease in staff expenses.


Corporate Other
Corporate Other net income was $137 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, an increase of $8 million, or 6%, compared to the same period in 2015. The increase in net income was primarily due to discrete tax benefits and lower cost allocations during the current period.
Net interest income was $81 million, a decrease of $27 million, or 25%, compared to the same period in 2015. The decrease was driven by lower spreads on mortgage backed securities and funding liabilities, which were partially offset by higher swap-related income. Average long-term debt decreased $1.3 billion, or 12%, and average short-term borrowings decreased $0.5 billion, or 21%, compared to the same period in 2015, driven by balance sheet management activities. Net interest income within reconciling items improved compared to the same period in 2015 driven by the funds transfer pricing
residual, which became less negative as the average funds transfer pricing rate charged for segment assets increased more than the average funds transfer pricing rate credited for segment liabilities.
Total noninterest income was $112 million, a decrease of $6 million, or 5%, compared to the same period in 2015. The decrease was driven primarily by higher gains recognized in 2015 related to the disposition of the affordable housing investments, the sale of securities, and mark-to-market valuations on our fixed rate long-term debt measured at fair value, partially offset by the gain on the sale of one of our office buildings in 2016.
Total noninterest expense decreased $21 million compared to the same period in 2015 due to lower allocated expenses, partially offset by higher FDIC-related expense tied to the increase in the large bank surcharge.



Selected Financial Data and Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures   Table 20
(Dollars in millions and shares in thousands, except per share data)     
Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
Selected Financial Data2017 2016 2017 2016
Summary of Operations:       
Interest income
$1,635
 
$1,451
 
$4,747
 
$4,285
Interest expense205
 143
 548
 408
Net interest income1,430
 1,308
 4,199
 3,877
Provision for credit losses120
 97
 330
 343
Net interest income after provision for credit losses1,310
 1,211
 3,869
 3,534
Noninterest income846
 889
 2,520
 2,569
Noninterest expense1,391
 1,409
 4,243
 4,072
Income before provision for income taxes765
 691
 2,146
 2,031
Provision for income taxes225
 215
 606
 611
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest2
 2
 7
 7
Net income
$538
 
$474
 
$1,533
 
$1,413
Net income available to common shareholders
$512
 
$457
 
$1,468
 
$1,363
Net interest income-FTE 1

$1,467
 
$1,342
 
$4,306
 
$3,982
Total revenue2,276
 2,197
 6,719
 6,446
Total revenue-FTE 1
2,313
 2,231
 6,826
 6,551
Net income per average common share:       
Diluted
$1.06
 
$0.91
 
$3.00
 
$2.70
Basic1.07
 0.92
 3.04
 2.72
Dividends paid per average common share0.40
 0.26
 0.92
 0.74
Book value per common share    47.16
 46.63
Tangible book value per common share 2
    34.34
 34.33
Market capitalization    28,451
 21,722
Market price per common share:       
High
$60.04
 
$44.61
 
$61.69
 
$44.61
Low51.96
 38.75
 51.96
 31.07
Close59.77
 43.80
 59.77
 43.80
Selected Average Balances:       
Total assets
$205,738
 
$201,476
 
$204,833
 
$197,613
Earning assets184,861
 180,523
 184,180
 177,600
LHFI144,706
 142,257
 144,276
 140,628
Consumer and commercial deposits159,419
 155,313
 159,145
 152,911
Intangible assets including residential MSRs8,009
 7,415
 8,019
 7,509
Residential MSRs1,589
 1,065
 1,599
 1,157
Preferred stock1,975
 1,225
 1,643
 1,225
Total shareholders’ equity24,573
 24,410
 24,131
 24,076
Average common shares - diluted483,640
 500,885
 489,176
 505,619
Average common shares - basic478,258
 496,304
 483,711
 501,036
Financial Ratios (Annualized):       
ROA1.04% 0.94% 1.00% 0.96%
ROE9.03
 7.89
 8.77
 8.01
ROTCE 3
12.45
 10.73
 12.09
 10.96
Net interest margin3.07
 2.88
 3.05
 2.92
Net interest margin-FTE 1
3.15
 2.96
 3.13
 2.99
Efficiency ratio 4
61.12
 64.13
 63.16
 63.17
Efficiency ratio-FTE 1, 4
60.14
 63.14
 62.17
 62.16
Tangible efficiency ratio-FTE 1, 4, 5
59.21
 62.54
 61.44
 61.63
Total average shareholders’ equity to total average assets11.94
 12.12
 11.78
 12.18
Tangible common equity to tangible assets 6
    8.10
 8.57
Common dividend payout ratio    37.2
 28.2

Selected Financial Data and Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures (continued)    
        
Selected Financial Data (continued)    Nine Months Ended September 30
Capital Ratios at period end 7:
    2017 2016
CET1    9.62% 9.78%
CET1 - fully phased-in    9.48
 9.66
Tier 1 capital    10.74
 10.50
Total capital    12.69
 12.57
Leverage    9.50
 9.28

        
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures2017 2016 2017 2016
Net interest margin3.07 % 2.88 % 3.05 % 2.92 %
Impact of FTE adjustment0.08
 0.08
 0.08
 0.07
Net interest margin-FTE 1
3.15 % 2.96 % 3.13 % 2.99 %
        
Efficiency ratio 4
61.12 % 64.13 % 63.16 % 63.17 %
Impact of FTE adjustment(0.98) (0.99) (0.99) (1.01)
Efficiency ratio-FTE 1, 4
60.14
 63.14
 62.17
 62.16
Impact of excluding amortization related to intangible assets and certain tax credits(0.93) (0.60) (0.73) (0.53)
Tangible efficiency ratio-FTE 1, 4, 5
59.21 % 62.54 % 61.44 % 61.63 %
        
ROE9.03 % 7.89 % 8.77 % 8.01 %
Impact of removing average intangible assets other than residential MSRs and other servicing rights from average common shareholders' equity, and removing related pre-tax amortization expense from net income available to common shareholders3.42
 2.84
 3.32
 2.95
ROTCE 3
12.45% 10.73% 12.09% 10.96%
        
Net interest income
$1,430
 
$1,308
 
$4,199
 
$3,877
FTE adjustment37
 34
 107
 105
Net interest income-FTE 1
1,467
 1,342
 4,306
 3,982
Noninterest income846
 889
 2,520
 2,569
Total revenue-FTE 1

$2,313
 
$2,231
 
$6,826
 
$6,551
        
        
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)    September 30, 2017 September 30, 2016
Total shareholders’ equity    
$24,522
 
$24,449
Goodwill, net of deferred taxes 8
    (6,084) (6,089)
Other intangible assets (including residential MSRs and other servicing rights)    (1,706) (1,131)
Residential MSRs and other servicing rights    1,690
 1,124
Tangible equity 6
    18,422
 18,353
Noncontrolling interest    (101) (101)
Preferred stock    (1,975) (1,225)
Tangible common equity 6
    
$16,346
 
$17,027
        
Total assets    
$208,252
 
$205,091
Goodwill    (6,338) (6,337)
Other intangible assets (including residential MSRs and other servicing rights)   (1,706) (1,131)
Residential MSRs and other servicing rights    1,690
 1,124
Tangible assets    
$201,898
 
$198,747
Tangible common equity to tangible assets 6
    8.10 % 8.57 %
Tangible book value per common share 2
    
$34.34
 
$34.33

Selected Financial Data and Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures (continued)  
    
Reconciliation of fully phased-in CET1 Ratio 7
September 30, 2017 September 30, 2016
CET19.62 % 9.78 %
Less:   
MSRs(0.13) (0.10)
Other 9
(0.01) (0.02)
CET1 - fully phased-in9.48 % 9.66 %
    
    
(Dollars in millions)   
Reconciliation of PPNR 10
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Income before provision for income taxes
$765
 
$2,146
Provision for credit losses120
 330
Less:   
Net securities gains
 1
PPNR
$885
 
$2,475

1 We present net interest income-FTE, total revenue-FTE, net interest margin-FTE, efficiency ratio-FTE, and tangible efficiency ratio-FTE on a fully taxable-equivalent ("FTE") basis. The FTE basis adjusts for the tax-favored status of net interest income from certain loans and investments using a federal tax rate of 35% and state income taxes, where applicable, to increase tax-exempt interest income to a taxable-equivalent basis. We believe the FTE basis is the preferred industry measurement basis for these measures and that it enhances comparability of net interest income arising from taxable and tax-exempt sources. Total revenue-FTE is calculated as net interest income-FTE plus noninterest income. Net interest margin-FTE is calculated by dividing annualized net interest income-FTE by average total earning assets.
2 We present tangible book value per common share, which removes the after-tax impact of purchase accounting intangible assets, noncontrolling interest, and preferred stock from shareholders' equity. We believe this measure is useful to investors because, by removing the amount of intangible assets that result from merger and acquisition activity, and removing the amounts of noncontrolling interest and preferred stock that do not represent our common shareholders' equity, it allows investors to more easily compare our capital position to other companies in the industry.
3
We present ROTCE, which removes the after-tax impact of purchase accounting intangible assets from average common shareholders' equity and removes the related intangible asset amortization from net income available to common shareholders. We believe this measure is useful to investors because, by removing the amount of intangible assets that result from merger and acquisition activity and related pre-tax amortization expense (the level of which may vary from company to company), it allows investors to more easily compare our ROTCE to other companies in the industry who present a similar measure. We also believe that removing these items provides a more relevant measure of our return on common shareholders' equity. This measure is utilized by management to assess our profitability.
4 Efficiency ratio is computed by dividing noninterest expense by total revenue. Efficiency ratio-FTE is computed by dividing noninterest expense by total revenue-FTE.
5 We present tangible efficiency ratio-FTE, which excludes amortization related to intangible assets and certain tax credits. We believe this measure is useful to investors because, by removing the impact of amortization (the level of which may vary from company to company), it allows investors to more easily compare our efficiency to other companies in the industry. This measure is utilized by management to assess our efficiency and that of our lines of business.
6 We present certain capital information on a tangible basis, including tangible equity, tangible common equity, and the ratio of tangible common equity to tangible assets, which removes the after-tax impact of purchase accounting intangible assets. We believe these measures are useful to investors because, by removing the amount of intangible assets that result from merger and acquisition activity (the level of which may vary from company to company), it allows investors to more easily compare our capital position to other companies in the industry. These measures are utilized by management to analyze capital adequacy.
7 The CET1 ratio on a fully phased-in basis at September 30, 2017 is estimated and is presented to provide investors with an indication of our capital adequacy under the future CET1 requirements, which will apply to us beginning on January 1, 2018.
8 Net of deferred taxes of $254 million and $248 million at September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
9 Primarily includes the deduction from capital of certain carryforward DTAs, the overfunded pension asset, and other intangible assets.
10 We present the reconciliation of PPNR because it is a performance metric utilized by management and in certain of our compensation plans. PPNR impacts the level of awards if certain thresholds are met. We believe this measure is useful to investors because it allows investors to compare our PPNR to other companies in the industry who present a similar measure.









Item 3.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
See the “Enterprise Risk Management” section of the MD&A in this Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.



Item 4.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its CEO and CFO, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) at September 30, 2016.2017. The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its CEO and CFO, as
 
appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based upon the evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at September 30, 2016.2017.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes to the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the nine months ended September 30, 20162017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Refer to the Company's 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.




PART II - OTHER INFORMATION


Item 1.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company and its subsidiaries are parties to numerous claims and lawsuits arising in the normal course of its business activities, some of which involve claims for substantial amounts. Although the ultimate outcome of these suits cannot be ascertained at this time, it is the opinion of management that none of these matters, when resolved, will have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition. For additional information, see Note 15, “Contingencies,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.


Item 1A.RISK FACTORS
The risks described in this report and in the Company's 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known, or that the Company currently deems to be immaterial, also may adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition, or future results. In addition to the other information set forth in this report, factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A., "Risk Factors," in the Company's 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which could materially affect the Company's business, financial condition, or future results, should be carefully considered.
Additionally, we update the "Risk Factors" section contained in the Company's 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K by adding the following risk factor:
Interest rates on our outstanding financial instruments might be subject to change based on regulatory developments, which could adversely affect our revenue, expenses, and the value of those financial instruments.
LIBOR and certain other “benchmarks” are the subject of recent national, international, and other regulatory guidance and proposals for reform. These reforms may cause such benchmarks to perform differently than in the past or have other consequences which cannot be predicted. On July 27, 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, publicly announced that it intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit LIBOR rates after 2021. It is unclear whether, at that time, LIBOR will cease to exist or if new methods of calculating LIBOR will be established. If LIBOR ceases to exist or if the methods of calculating LIBOR change from current methods for any reason, interest rates on our floating rate obligations, loans, deposits, derivatives, and other financial instruments tied to LIBOR rates, as well as the revenue and expenses associated with those financial instruments, may be adversely affected. Further, any uncertainty regarding the continued use and reliability of LIBOR as a benchmark interest rate could adversely affect the value of our floating rate obligations, loans, deposits, derivatives, and other financial instruments tied to LIBOR rates.


We also update the "Risk Factors" section contained in the Company's 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K by replacing the existing risk factor, “A failure in, or breach of, our operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of our third party vendors and other service providers, including as a result of cyber- attacks, could disrupt our businesses, result in the disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary information, damage our reputation, increase our costs and cause losses,” with the following two risk factors:
Our operational systems and infrastructure may fail or may be the subject of a breach or cyber-attack that could adversely affect our business.
We depend on our ability to process, record, and monitor a large number of client transactions on a continuous basis. As client, public, and regulatory expectations regarding operational and information security have increased, our operational systems and infrastructure continue to be safeguarded and monitored for potential failures, disruptions, and breakdowns, whether as a result of human error or intentional attack. Our business, financial, accounting, data processing, or other operating systems and facilities may stop operating properly or become disabled or damaged as a result of a number of factors, including events that are wholly or partially beyond our control. For example, there could be sudden increases in client transaction volume; electrical or telecommunications outages; natural disasters such as earthquakes, tornadoes, floods, and hurricanes; disease pandemics; events arising from local or larger scale political or social matters, including terrorist acts; occurrences of employee error, fraud, or malfeasance; and, as described below, cyber-attacks. Although we have business continuity plans and other safeguards in place, our operations may be adversely affected by significant and widespread disruption to our systems and infrastructure that support our businesses and clients. Our insurance may not be adequate to compensate us for all resulting losses.
In particular, information security risks for financial institutions such as ours have substantially increased in recent years in part because of the proliferation of new technologies, the use of the internet and telecommunications technologies to conduct financial transactions, and the increased sophistication, resources and activities of hackers, terrorists, activists, organized crime, and other external parties, including hostile nation state actors. In addition, to access our products and services, our clients may use devices or software that are beyond our control environment, which may provide additional avenues for bad actors to gain access to confidential information. Although we have information security procedures and controls in place, our technologies, systems, networks, and our clients' devices and software may become the target of cyber-attacks or information security breaches that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss, change, or destruction of our or our clients' confidential, proprietary and other information (including personal identifying


information of individuals), or otherwise disrupt our or our clients' or other third parties' business operations. Other U.S. financial institutions and financial service companies have reported breaches in the security of their websites or other systems, including attempts to shut down access to their networks and systems in an attempt to extract compensation from them to regain control. Several financial institutions, including SunTrust, have experienced distributed denial-of-service attacks, a sophisticated and targeted attack intended to disable or degrade internet service or to sabotage systems.
Although we are not aware of any material breach of our networks, systems and data or material losses relating to cyber-attacks or other information security breaches, we and others in our industry are regularly the subject of attempts by bad actors to gain unauthorized access to our networks, systems and data or to obtain, change or destroy confidential data (including personal identifying information of individuals) through a variety of means, including computer viruses, malware, and phishing. In the future, these attacks may result in unauthorized individuals obtaining access to our confidential information or that of our clients, or otherwise accessing, damaging, or disrupting our systems or infrastructure.
We must continuously develop and enhance our controls, processes, and practices designed to protect our systems, computers, software, data, and networks from attack, damage, or unauthorized access. This continued development and enhancement will require us to expend additional resources, including to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities that may be detected. Despite our investments in security measures, including employee training, we are unable to assure that any security measures that require action by employees may not be subject to human error.
If our systems and infrastructure were to be breached, damaged, or disrupted, or if we were to experience a loss of our confidential information or that of our clients, we could be subject to serious negative consequences, including disruption of our operations, damage to our reputation, a loss of trust in us on the part of our clients, vendors or other counterparties, client attrition, reimbursement or other
costs, increased compliance costs, significant litigation exposure and legal liability, or regulatory fines, penalties or intervention. Any of these could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and/or financial condition.
A disruption, breach, or failure in the operational systems and infrastructure of our third party vendors and other service providers, including as a result of cyber-attacks, could adversely affect our business.
Third parties perform significant operational services on our behalf. These third parties with whom we do business or that facilitate our business activities, including exchanges, clearing houses, financial intermediaries, or vendors that provide services or security solutions for our operations, could also be sources of operational and information security risk to us, including from breakdowns or failures of their own systems or capacity constraints. In particular, operating our business requires us to provide access to client and other sensitive company information to our contractors, consultants, and other third parties and authorized entities. Controls and oversight mechanisms are in place to limit access to this information and protect it from unauthorized disclosure, theft, and disruption. However, control systems and policies pertaining to system access are subject to errors in design, oversight failure, software failure, human error, intentional subversion or other compromise resulting in theft, error, loss, or inappropriate use of information or systems to commit fraud, cause embarrassment to us or our executives or to gain competitive advantage. In addition, regulators expect financial institutions to be responsible for all aspects of their performance, including aspects which they delegate to third parties. If a disruption, breach, or failure in the system or infrastructure of any third party with whom we do business occurred, our business may be materially and adversely affected in a manner similar to if our own systems or infrastructure had been compromised. Our systems and infrastructure may also be attacked, compromised, or damaged as a result of, or as the intended target of, any disruption, breach, or failure in the systems or infrastructure of any third party with whom we do business.




Item 2.UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
(a) None.
(b) None.
(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities:
       Table 21
 
Common Stock 1
 Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs 
Approximate Dollar Value
of Equity that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs at Period End
(in millions)
January 1 - 31 2
4,224,215
 $35.37 4,224,215
 $180
February 1 - 29 2
36,212
   34.66 36,212
   175
March 1 - 31
  
   175
Total during first quarter of 20164,260,427
   35.36 4,260,427
   175
        
April 1 - 304,783,004
   36.59 4,783,004
 
May 1 - 31
  
 
June 1 - 30
  
 
Total during second quarter of 20164,783,004
   36.59 4,783,004
 
        
July 1 - 315,734,988
   41.85 5,734,988
   720
August 1 - 31
  
   720
September 1 - 30
  
   720
Total during third quarter of 20165,734,988
   41.85 5,734,988
   720
        
Total year-to-date 201614,778,419
 $38.28 14,778,419
 $720
       Table 21
 
Common Stock 1
 Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share 
Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs
 
Approximate Dollar Value
of Equity that May Yet Be
Purchased Under the Plans
or Programs at Period End
(in millions)
January 1 - 31
 $— 
 $480
February 1 - 281,904,300
   59.54 1,904,300
   367
March 1 - 31 2
5,108,154
   58.85 2,110,532
   240
Total during first quarter of 20177,012,454
   59.04 4,014,832
   240
        
April 1 - 302,281,000
   57.17 2,281,000
   110
May 1 - 311,898,455
   57.73 1,898,455
 
June 1 - 30
  
 
Total during second quarter of 20174,179,455
   57.42 4,179,455
 
        
July 1 - 311,721,800
   57.14 1,721,800
   1,222
August 1 - 314,045,893
   57.25 4,045,893
   990
September 1 - 30
  
   990
Total during third quarter of 20175,767,693
   57.22 5,767,693
   990
        
Total year-to-date 201716,959,602
 $58.02 13,961,980
 $990
1 During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016,2017, no shares of SunTrust common stock were surrendered by participants in SunTrust's employee stock option plans, where participants may pay the exercise price upon exercise of SunTrust stock options by surrendering shares of SunTrust common stock that the participant already owns. SunTrust considers any such shares surrendered by participants in SunTrust's employee stock option plans to be repurchased pursuant to the authority and terms of the applicable stock option plan rather than pursuant to publicly announced share repurchase programs.
2 During the first quarter of 2016,March 2017, the Company also repurchased $24$174 million of its outstanding common stock warrants as partat market value under the 1% of its 2015 CCARTier 1 capital plan. In Januaryde minimis exception allowed under the applicable 2016 1,035,800 Series A warrants were repurchased at an average price paidCapital Plan Rule. This repurchase was incremental to and separate from the $960 million of $6.91 per warrant, and 4,272,780 Series B warrants were repurchased at an average price paid of $3.14 per warrant. In Februaryauthorized share repurchases under the Company's 2016 14,451 Series A warrants were repurchased at an average price paid of $7.18 per warrant, and 1,120,089 Series B warrants were repurchased at an average price paid of $3.25 per warrant. No warrants were repurchasedcapital plan submitted in Marchconnection with the 2016 nor in the second or third quarters of 2016.CCAR.

During the second quarter of 2016, the Company completed its repurchase of authorized common equity under the 2015 CCAR capital plan, which the Company initially announced on March 11, 2015 and which effectively expired on June 30, 2016.
On June 29, 2016,28, 2017, the Company announced that the Federal Reserve had no objections to the repurchase of up to $960 million
$1.32 billion of the Company's outstanding common stock to be completed between July 1, 20162017 and June 30, 2017,2018, as part of the Company's 20162017 capital plan submitted in connection with the 20162017 CCAR. During the third quarter of 2016,2017, the Company repurchased $240$330 million of its outstanding common stock at market value as part of this publicly announced 2017 capital plan. In October of 2016,At September 30, 2017, the



Company repurchased an additional $240had $990 million of its outstandingremaining common stock at market value as part of this publicly announcedrepurchase capacity available under its 2017 capital plan and(reflected in the Company expects to repurchase approximately $480 million of additional outstanding common stock through the end of the second quarter of 2017.table above).
At September 30, 2016, 7.42017, 7.1 million warrants to purchase the Company's common stock remained outstanding and the Company had authority from its Board to repurchase all of these outstanding stock purchase warrants; however, any such repurchase would be subject to the non-objection of the Federal Reserve through the capital planning and stress testing process.outstanding.
 
SunTrustThe Company did not repurchase any shares of its Series A Preferred Stock Depositary Shares, Series B Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock Depositary Shares, Series F Preferred Stock Depositary Shares, or Series FG Preferred Stock Depositary Shares during the third quarter of 2016,2017, and there was no unused Board authority to repurchase any shares of Series A Preferred Stock Depositary Shares, Series B Preferred Stock, Series E Preferred Stock Depositary Shares, Series F Preferred Stock Depositary Shares, or the Series FG Preferred Stock Depositary Shares.
Refer to the Company's 20152016 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Company's equity securities.





Item 3.DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.




Item 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.



Item 5.OTHER INFORMATION
None.



Item 6.EXHIBITS
Exhibit Description  
3.1 
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, restated effective January 20, 2009, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant'sregistrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 22, 2009, as further amended by (i) Articles of Amendment dated December 13, 2012, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant'sregistrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 20, 2012, and as further amended by(ii) the Articles of Amendment dated November 6, 2014, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant'sregistrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 7, 2014.2014, and (iii) the Articles of Amendment dated May 2, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 2, 2017.

 *
     
 
Bylaws of the Registrant, as amended and restated on August 11, 2015, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant'sregistrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 13, 2015.
 *
     
 
Certification of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 **
     
 
Certification of Corporate Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 **
     
 
Certification of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 **
     
 
Certification of Corporate Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 **
     
101.1 Interactive Data File. **

*incorporated by reference
**filed herewith

  
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrantregistrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
   SUNTRUST BANKS, INC.
   (Registrant)
    
Dated:Date:November 4, 20163, 2017 
By: /s/ Thomas E. Panther/s/ R. Ryan Richards
   
Thomas E. Panther,R. Ryan Richards,
Senior Vice President, Director of Corporate Finance and Controller
(on behalf of the Registrantregistrant and as Principal Accounting Officer)
    



105108