UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549


FORM 10-Q


QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31,September 30, 2018

Commission file number 001-08918
SunTrust Banks, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Georgia 58-1575035
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
303 Peachtree Street, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30308
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(800) 786-8787
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)



Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    
Yes  þ    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    
Yes  þ    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerþAccelerated filer¨
Non-accelerated filer
¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company¨
  Emerging growth company¨

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).        Yes  ¨    No  þ

At April 30,October 31, 2018, 464,826,552449,285,214 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $1.00 par value, were outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
   Page 
  
    
  
     
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
     
  
  
  
     
  
     
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
     
  
     


GLOSSARY OF DEFINED TERMS

2017 Tax Act — Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.
ABS — Asset-backed securities.
ACH — Automated clearing house.
AFS — Available for sale.
AIP — Annual Incentive Plan.
ALCO — Asset/Liability Management Committee.
ALM — Asset/Liability Management.management.
ALLL — Allowance for loan and lease losses.
AOCI — Accumulated other comprehensive income.
APIC — Additional paid-in capital.
ASC — Accounting Standards Codification.
ASU — Accounting Standards Update.
ATE — Additional termination event.
ATM — Automated teller machine.
Bank — SunTrust Bank.
Basel III — the Third Basel Accord, a comprehensive set of reform measures developed by the BCBS.
BCBS — Basel Committee on Banking Supervision.
BHC — Bank holding company.
Board — the Company’s Board of Directors.
bps — Basis points.
BRC — Board Risk Committee.
CCAR — Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review.
CCB — Capital conservation buffer.
CD — Certificate of deposit (time deposit).
CDR — Conditional default rate.
CDS — Credit default swaps.
CEO — Chief Executive Officer.
CET1 — Common Equity Tier 1 Capital.
CFO — Chief Financial Officer.
CIB — Corporate and investment banking.
C&I — Commercial and industrial.
Class A shares — Visa Inc. Class A common stock.
Class B shares — Visa Inc. Class B common stock.
CME — Chicago Mercantile Exchange.
Company — SunTrust Banks, Inc.
CP — Commercial paper.
CPR — Conditional prepayment rate.
CRE — Commercial real estate.
CSA — Credit support annex.
DDA — Demand deposit account.
Dodd-Frank Act — Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010.
DOJ — Department of Justice.
DTA — Deferred tax asset.
DTL — Deferred tax liability.
DVA — Debit valuation adjustment.
EPS — Earnings per share.
ER — Enterprise Risk.
ERISA — Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.
Exchange Act — Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Fannie Mae — Federal National Mortgage Association.
FASB — Financial Accounting Standards Board.
Freddie Mac — Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation.
FDIC — Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
Federal Reserve — Federal Reserve System.
Fed Funds — Federal funds.
FHA — Federal Housing Administration.
FHLB — Federal Home Loan Bank.
FICO — Fair Isaac Corporation.
Fitch — Fitch Ratings Ltd.
FRB — Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
FTE — Fully taxable-equivalent.
FVO — Fair value option.
GFO — GFO Advisory Services, LLC.
Ginnie Mae — Government National Mortgage Association.
GSE — Government-sponsored enterprise.
HAMP — Home Affordable Modification Program.
HUD — U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
IPO — Initial public offering.
IRLC — Interest rate lock commitment.
ISDA — International Swaps and Derivatives Association.
LCH — LCH.Clearnet Limited.
LCR — Liquidity coverage ratio.
LGD — Loss given default.
LHFI — Loans held for investment.
LHFS — Loans held for sale.
LIBOR — London InterBank Offered Rate.
LOCOM — Lower of cost or market.
LTI — Long-term incentive.
LTV— Loan to value.
MasterCardMastercardMasterCardMastercard International.
MBS — Mortgage-backed securities.
MD&A — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation.
Moody’s — Moody’s Investors Service.
MRA Master Repurchase Agreement.
MRM Market Risk Management.
MRMG — Model Risk Management Group.
MSR — Mortgage servicing right.
MVE — Market value of equity.
NCF — National Commerce Financial Corporation.
NOL — Net operating loss.
NOW — Negotiable order of withdrawal account.
NPA — Nonperforming asset.
NPL — Nonperforming loan.
NPR — Notice of proposed rulemaking.
NSFR — Net stable funding ratio.
NYSE — New York Stock Exchange.
OCC — Office of the Comptroller of the Currency.
OCI — Other comprehensive income.
OREO — Other real estate owned.
OTC — Over-the-counter.
OTTI — Other-than-temporary impairment.
PAC — Premium Assignment Corporation.
Parent Company — SunTrust Banks, Inc. (the parent Company of SunTrust Bank and other subsidiaries).
PD — Probability of default.
Pillar — substantially all of the assets of the operating subsidiaries of Pillar Financial, LLC.
PPNR — Pre-provision net revenue.
PWM — Private Wealth Management.
REIT — Real estate investment trust.
ROA — Return on average total assets.
ROE — Return on average common shareholders’ equity.
ROTCE — Return on average tangible common shareholders' equity.

i


RSU — Restricted stock unit.
RWA — Risk-weighted assets.

i


S&P — Standard and Poor’s.
SBA — Small Business Administration.
SEC — U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
STAS — SunTrust Advisory Services, Inc.
STCC — SunTrust Community Capital, LLC.
STIS — SunTrust Investment Services, Inc.
STM — SunTrust Mortgage, Inc.
STRH — SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc.
SunTrust — SunTrust Banks, Inc.
TDR — Troubled debt restructuring.
TRS — Total return swaps.
U.S. — United States.
U.S. GAAP — Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the U.S.
U.S. Treasury — the U.S. Department of the Treasury.
UPB — Unpaid principal balance.
UTB — Unrecognized tax benefit.
VA — U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.
VAR — Value at risk.
VI — Variable interest.
VIE — Variable interest entity.
Visa — the Visa, U.S.A. Inc. card association or its affiliates, collectively.
Visa Counterparty — a financial institution that purchased the Company's Visa Class B shares.



ii




PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X, and accordingly do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. However, in the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to comply with Regulation S-X have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2018.



Item 1.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
SunTrust Banks, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Income
Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions and shares in thousands, except per share data) (Unaudited)2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017
Interest Income          
Interest and fees on loans held for investment
$1,398
 
$1,289

$1,549
 
$1,382
 
$4,424
 
$4,009
Interest and fees on loans held for sale21
 24
22
 24
 67
 70
Interest on securities available for sale 1
206
 182
212
 191
 628
 560
Trading account interest and other 1
43
 33
51
 38
 142
 108
Total interest income1,668
 1,528
1,834
 1,635
 5,261
 4,747
Interest Expense          
Interest on deposits131
 80
193
 111
 484
 286
Interest on long-term debt74
 70
95
 76
 252
 216
Interest on other borrowings22
 12
34
 18
 85
 46
Total interest expense227
 162
322
 205
 821
 548
Net interest income1,441
 1,366
1,512
 1,430
 4,440
 4,199
Provision for credit losses28
 119
61
 120
 121
 330
Net interest income after provision for credit losses1,413
 1,247
1,451
 1,310
 4,319
 3,869
Noninterest Income          
Service charges on deposit accounts146

148
144

154
 433
 453
Other charges and fees87

95
Other charges and fees 2
89

89
 264
 270
Card fees81
 82
75
 86
 241
 255
Investment banking income131
 167
Investment banking income 2
150
 169
 453
 501
Trading income42
 51
42
 51
 137
 148
Trust and investment management income75
 75
80
 79
 230
 229
Retail investment services72
 68
74
 69
 219
 208
Mortgage servicing related income54
 58
43
 46
 138
 148
Mortgage production related income36
 53
40
 61
 118
 170
Commercial real estate related income23
 20
24
 17
 66
 61
Net securities gains1





 1
 1
Other noninterest income48

30
21

25
 108
 76
Total noninterest income796
 847
782
 846
 2,408
 2,520
Noninterest Expense          
Employee compensation707
 717
719
 725
 2,141
 2,152
Employee benefits146
 135
76
 81
 310
 302
Outside processing and software206
 205
234
 203
 667
 612
Net occupancy expense94
 92
86
 94
 270
 280
Marketing and customer development41
 42
45
 45
 127
 129
Equipment expense40
 40
 124
 123
Regulatory assessments41
 48
39
 47
 118
 143
Equipment expense40
 39
Amortization15
 13
19
 22
 51
 49
Operating losses6
 32
Operating losses/(gains)18
 (34) 40
 17
Other noninterest expense121
 142
108
 168
 343
 436
Total noninterest expense1,417
 1,465
1,384
 1,391
 4,191
 4,243
Income before provision for income taxes792
 629
849
 765
 2,536
 2,146
Provision for income taxes147
 159
95
 225
 412
 606
Net income including income attributable to noncontrolling interest645
 470
754
 540
 2,124
 1,540
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest2
 2
2
 2
 7
 7
Net income
$643
 
$468
752
 538
 2,117
 1,533
Less: Preferred stock dividends26
 26
 81
 65
Net income available to common shareholders
$612
 
$451

$726
 
$512
 
$2,036
 
$1,468
          
Net income per average common share:          
Diluted
$1.29
 
$0.91

$1.56
 
$1.06
 
$4.34
 
$3.00
Basic1.31
 0.92
1.58
 1.07
 4.38
 3.04
Dividends declared per common share0.40
 0.26
0.50
 0.40
 1.30
 0.92
Average common shares outstanding - diluted473,620
 496,002
464,164
 483,640
 469,006
 489,176
Average common shares outstanding - basic468,723
 490,091
460,252
 478,258
 464,804
 483,711
1 Beginning January 1, 2018, the Company reclassified equity securities previously presented in Securities available for sale to Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and began presenting income associated with certain of these equity securities in Trading account interest and other. For periods prior to January 1, 2018, this income associated with these equity securities was previously presented in Interest on securities available for sale and has been reclassified to Trading account interest and other for comparability.
2 Beginning July 1, 2018, the Company began presenting bridge commitment fee income related to capital market transactions in Investment banking income on the Consolidated Statements of Income. For periods prior to July 1, 2018, this income was previously presented in Other charges and fees and has been reclassified to Investment banking income for comparability.

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

SunTrust Banks, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

 Three Months Ended March 31
(Dollars in millions) (Unaudited)2018 2017
Net income
$643
 
$468
Components of other comprehensive loss:   
Change in net unrealized (losses)/gains on securities available for sale,
net of tax of ($130) and $1, respectively
(425) 2
Change in net unrealized losses on derivative instruments,
net of tax of ($38) and ($24), respectively
(124) (42)
Change in net unrealized gains on brokered time deposits,
net of tax of $0 and $0, respectively
1
 
Change in credit risk adjustment on long-term debt,
net of tax of $1 and ($1), respectively
2
 (1)
Change related to employee benefit plans,
net of tax of $1 and ($1), respectively
(2) (5)
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax(548) (46)
Total comprehensive income
$95
 
$422
 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions) (Unaudited)2018 2017 2018 2017
Net income
$752
 
$538
 
$2,117
 
$1,533
Components of other comprehensive (loss)/income:       
Change in net unrealized (losses)/gains on securities available for sale,
net of tax of ($55), $24, ($223), and $57, respectively
(178) 40
 (726) 97
Change in net unrealized losses on derivative instruments,
net of tax of ($6), ($1), ($55), and ($7), respectively
(20) (2) (179) (13)
Change in credit risk adjustment on long-term debt,
net of tax of $0, $1, $1, and $1, respectively

 1
 3
 1
Change related to employee benefit plans,
net of tax of $1, $2, $1, and $3, respectively
3
 3
 2
 1
Total other comprehensive (loss)/income, net of tax(195) 42
 (900) 86
Total comprehensive income
$557
 
$580
 
$1,217
 
$1,619


See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

SunTrust Banks, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Dollars in millions and shares in thousands, except per share data)March 31,
2018
 December 31,
2017
September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Assets(Unaudited)  (Unaudited)  
Cash and due from banks
$5,851
 
$5,349

$6,206
 
$5,349
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell1,428
 1,538
1,374
 1,538
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks25
 25
25
 25
Cash and cash equivalents7,304
 6,912
7,605
 6,912
Trading assets and derivative instruments 1
5,112
 5,093
5,676
 5,093
Securities available for sale 2, 3
30,934
 30,947
30,984
 30,947
Loans held for sale ($1,428 and $1,577 at fair value at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)2,377
 2,290
Loans held for investment 4 ($188 and $196 at fair value at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)
142,618
 143,181
Loans held for sale ($1,822 and $1,577 at fair value at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)1,961
 2,290
Loans held for investment 4 ($168 and $196 at fair value at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)
147,215
 143,181
Allowance for loan and lease losses(1,694) (1,735)(1,623) (1,735)
Net loans held for investment140,924
 141,446
145,592
 141,446
Premises and equipment, net1,628
 1,734
1,555
 1,734
Goodwill6,331
 6,331
6,331
 6,331
Other intangible assets (Residential MSRs at fair value: $1,916 and $1,710 at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)1,996
 1,791
Other assets 3 ($143 and $56 at fair value at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)
8,279
 9,418
Other intangible assets (Residential MSRs at fair value: $2,062 and $1,710 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)2,140
 1,791
Other assets 3 ($92 and $56 at fair value at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)
9,432
 9,418
Total assets
$204,885
 
$205,962

$211,276
 
$205,962
      
Liabilities      
Noninterest-bearing deposits
$43,494
 
$42,784

$41,870
 
$42,784
Interest-bearing deposits ($302 and $236 at fair value at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)118,885
 117,996
Interest-bearing deposits ($384 and $236 at fair value at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)118,508
 117,996
Total deposits162,379
 160,780
160,378
 160,780
Funds purchased1,189
 2,561
3,354
 2,561
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase1,677
 1,503
1,730
 1,503
Other short-term borrowings706
 717
2,856
 717
Long-term debt 5 ($209 and $530 at fair value at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)
10,692
 9,785
Long-term debt 5 ($235 and $530 at fair value at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)
14,289
 9,785
Trading liabilities and derivative instruments1,737
 1,283
1,863
 1,283
Other liabilities2,236
 4,179
2,667
 4,179
Total liabilities180,616
 180,808
187,137
 180,808
Shareholders’ Equity      
Preferred stock, no par value2,025
 2,475
2,025
 2,475
Common stock, $1.00 par value552
 550
553
 550
Additional paid-in capital8,960
 9,000
9,001
 9,000
Retained earnings18,107
 17,540
19,111
 17,540
Treasury stock, at cost, and other 6
(3,853) (3,591)(4,677) (3,591)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax(1,522) (820)(1,874) (820)
Total shareholders’ equity24,269
 25,154
24,139
 25,154
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$204,885
 
$205,962

$211,276
 
$205,962
      
Common shares outstanding 7
469,708
 470,931
458,626
 470,931
Common shares authorized750,000
 750,000
750,000
 750,000
Preferred shares outstanding20
 25
20
 25
Preferred shares authorized50,000
 50,000
50,000
 50,000
Treasury shares of common stock82,223
 79,133
94,038
 79,133
      
1 Includes trading securities pledged as collateral where counterparties have the right to sell or repledge the collateral

$1,248
 
$1,086

$1,362
 
$1,086
2 Includes securities AFS pledged as collateral where counterparties have the right to sell or repledge the collateral
214
 223
164
 223
3 Beginning January 1, 2018, the Company reclassified equity securities previously presented in Securities available for sale to Other assets. Reclassifications have been made to previously reported amounts for comparability.
      
4 Includes loans held for investment of consolidated VIEs
171
 179
159
 179
5 Includes debt of consolidated VIEs
182
 189
168
 189
6 Includes noncontrolling interest
101
 103
101
 103
7 Includes restricted shares
9
 9
7
 9


See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

SunTrust Banks, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share data) (Unaudited)Preferred Stock Common Shares Outstanding Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings 
Treasury Stock
and Other 1
 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss TotalPreferred Stock Common Shares Outstanding Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings 
Treasury Stock
and Other 1
 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Total
Balance, January 1, 2017
$1,225
 491
 
$550
 
$9,010
 
$16,000
 
($2,346) 
($821) 
$23,618

$1,225
 491
 
$550
 
$9,010
 
$16,000
 
($2,346) 
($821) 
$23,618
Net income
 
 
 
 468
 
 
 468

 
 
 
 1,533
 
 
 1,533
Other comprehensive loss
 
 
 
 
 
 (46) (46)
Other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 86
 86
Change in noncontrolling interest
 
 
 
 
 (2) 
 (2)
 
 
 
 
 (2) 
 (2)
Common stock dividends, $0.26 per share
 
 
 
 (128) 
 
 (128)
Common stock dividends, $0.92 per share
 
 
 
 (443) 
 
 (443)
Preferred stock dividends 2

 
 
 
 (17) 
 
 (17)
 
 
 
 (65) 
 
 (65)
Issuance of preferred stock, Series G750
 
 
 (7) 
 
 
 743
Repurchase of common stock
 (7) 
 
 
 (414) 
 (414)
 (17) 
 
 
 (984) 
 (984)
Exercise of stock options and stock compensation expense
 1
 
 (12) 
 21
 
 9

 1
 
 (14) 
 27
 
 13
Restricted stock activity
 1
 
 (32) (1) 29
 
 (4)
 1
 
 (4) (4) 31
 
 23
Balance, March 31, 2017
$1,225
 486
 
$550
 
$8,966
 
$16,322
 
($2,712) 
($867) 
$23,484
Balance, September 30, 2017
$1,975
 476
 
$550
 
$8,985
 
$17,021
 
($3,274) 
($735) 
$24,522
                              
Balance, January 1, 2018
$2,475
 471
 
$550
 
$9,000
 
$17,540
 
($3,591) 
($820) 
$25,154

$2,475
 471
 
$550
 
$9,000
 
$17,540
 
($3,591) 
($820) 
$25,154
Cumulative effect adjustment related to ASU adoptions 3

 
 
 
 144
 
 (154) (10)
 
 
 
 144
 
 (154) (10)
Net income
 
 
 
 643
 
 
 643

 
 
 
 2,117
 
 
 2,117
Other comprehensive loss
 
 
 
 
 
 (548) (548)
 
 
 
 
 
 (900) (900)
Change in noncontrolling interest
 
 
 
 
 (2) 
 (2)
 
 
 
 
 (2) 
 (2)
Common stock dividends, $0.40 per share
 
 
 
 (187) 
 
 (187)
Common stock dividends, $1.30 per share
 
 
 
 (603) 
 
 (603)
Preferred stock dividends 2

 
 
 
 (31) 
 
 (31)
 
 
 
 (81) 
 
 (81)
Redemption of preferred stock, Series E(450) 
 
 
 
 
 
 (450)(450) 
 
 
 
 
 
 (450)
Repurchase of common stock
 (5) 
 
 
 (330) 
 (330)
 (17) 
 
 
 (1,160) 
 (1,160)
Exercise of stock options and stock compensation expense
 1
 
 
 
 32
 
 32

 1
 
 
 
 36
 
 36
Exercise of stock warrant
 2
 2
 
 
 
 
 2
Exercise of stock warrants
 3
 3
 (3) 
 
 
 
Restricted stock activity
 1
 
 (40) (2) 38
 
 (4)
 1
 
 4
 (6) 40
 
 38
Balance, March 31, 2018
$2,025
 470
 
$552
 
$8,960
 
$18,107
 
($3,853) 
($1,522) 
$24,269
Balance, September 30, 2018
$2,025
 459
 
$553
 
$9,001
 
$19,111
 
($4,677) 
($1,874) 
$24,139
1 At March 31,September 30, 2018, includes ($3,953)4,777) million for treasury stock, less than ($1) million for the compensation element of restricted stock, and $101 million for noncontrolling interest.
At March 31,September 30, 2017, includes ($2,812)3,374) million for treasury stock, less than ($1) million for the compensation element of restricted stock, and $101 million for noncontrolling interest.
2 For the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, dividends were $1,000$3,044 per share for both Series A and B Preferred Stock, $1,469 per share for Series E Preferred Stock, $1,406$4,219 per share for Series F Preferred Stock, $1,038$3,788 per share for Series G Preferred Stock, and $1,281$4,285 per share for Series H Preferred Stock.
For the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, dividends were $1,000$3,044 per share for both Series A and B Preferred Stock, $1,469$4,406 per share for Series E Preferred Stock, and $1,406$4,219 per share for Series F Preferred Stock, and $2,090 per share for Series G Preferred Stock.
3 Related to the Company's adoption of ASU 2014-09, ASU 2016-01, ASU 2017-12, and ASU 2018-02 on January 1, 2018. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," for additional information.


See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

SunTrust Banks, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
SunTrust Banks, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
SunTrust Banks, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Three Months Ended March 31Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions) (Unaudited)2018 20172018 2017
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:      
Net income including income attributable to noncontrolling interest
$645
 
$470

$2,124
 
$1,540
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities:   
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:   
Depreciation, amortization, and accretion175
 179
535
 540
Origination of servicing rights(80) (101)(260) (262)
Provisions for credit losses and foreclosed property30
 121
130
 336
Stock-based compensation56
 58
118
 121
Net securities gains(1) 
(1) (1)
Net losses/(gains) on sale of loans held for sale, loans, and other assets11
 (6)
Net (increase)/decrease in loans held for sale(100) 2,056
Net gains on sale of loans held for sale, loans, and other assets(83) (183)
Net decrease in loans held for sale382
 1,488
Net increase in trading assets and derivative instruments(182) (8)(818) (272)
Net increase in other assets 1
(644) (389)(1,713) (835)
Net decrease in other liabilities 1
(110) (284)
Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities(200) 2,096
Net increase/(decrease) in other liabilities478
 (267)
Net cash provided by operating activities892
 2,205
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:      
Proceeds from maturities, calls, and paydowns of securities available for sale858
 993
2,840
 3,169
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale1,663
 
2,047
 1,486
Purchases of securities available for sale(2,689) (1,450)(5,534) (5,344)
Net decrease/(increase) in loans, including purchases of loans413
 (492)
Proceeds from sales of loans36
 118
Net increase in loans, including purchases of loans(4,566) (1,839)
Proceeds from sales of loans and leases199
 520
Net cash paid for servicing rights(60) 
(73) 
Payments for bank-owned life insurance policy premiums 1
(201) (127)
Proceeds from the settlement of bank-owned life insurance 1
8
 3
Capital expenditures(67) (43)(170) (233)
Proceeds from the sale of other real estate owned and other assets52
 55
148
 183
Other investing activities 1
3
 2
1
 9
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities209
 (817)
Net cash used in investing activities(5,301) (2,173)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:      
Net increase in total deposits1,599
 2,455
Net decrease in funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and other short-term borrowings(1,209) (68)
Net (decrease)/increase in total deposits(402) 2,339
Net increase in funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and other short-term borrowings3,159
 685
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt1,311
 1,340
5,111
 2,623
Repayments of long-term debt(333) (2,576)(484) (3,073)
Proceeds from the issuance of preferred stock
 743
Repurchase of preferred stock(450) 
(450) 
Repurchase of common stock(330) (414)(1,160) (984)
Common and preferred stock dividends paid(197) (138)(664) (485)
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards(42) (36)(44) (38)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and warrants34
 9
Proceeds from exercise of stock options36
 13
Net cash provided by financing activities383
 572
5,102
 1,823
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents392
 1,851
693
 1,855
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period6,912
 6,423
6,912
 6,423
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$7,304
 
$8,274

$7,605
 
$8,278
      
Supplemental Disclosures:      
Loans transferred from loans held for sale to loans held for investment
$6
 
$7

$23
 
$16
Loans transferred from loans held for investment to loans held for sale204
 60
449
 218
Loans transferred from loans held for investment and loans held for sale to other real estate owned19
 15
44
 43
Non-cash impact of debt assumed by purchaser in lease sale
 9
1 Related to the Company's adoption of ASU 2016-15, certain prior period amounts have been retrospectively reclassified between operating activities and investing activities. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," for additional information.

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


 
NOTE 1 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP to present interim financial statement information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete, consolidated financial statements. However, in the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments that are necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations in these financial statements, have been made.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes; actual results could vary from these estimates. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation. Interim Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Changes in Significant Accounting Policies
Pursuant to the Company's adoption of certain ASUs as of January 1, 2018, the following significant accounting policies have been added to or updated from those disclosed in the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K:

Revenue Recognition
In the ordinary course of business, the Company recognizes revenue as services are rendered, or as transactions occur, and as collectability is reasonably assured. For the Company's revenue recognition accounting policies, see Note 2, “Revenue Recognition.”

Trading Activities and Securities AFS
Trading assets and liabilities are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized within Noninterest income in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.
Securities AFS are used primarily as a store of liquidity and as part of the overall asset and liability managementALM process to optimize income and market performance over an entire interest rate cycle. Interest income on securities AFS areis recognized on an accrual basis in Interest income in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. Premiums and discounts on securities AFS are amortized or accreted as an adjustment to yield over the life of the security. The Company estimates principal prepayments on securities AFS for which prepayments are probable and the timing and amount of prepayments can be reasonably estimated. The estimates are informed by analyses of both historical prepayments and anticipated macroeconomic conditions, such as spot interest rates compared to implied forward interest rates. The estimate of prepayments for these securities impacts their lives and thereby the amortization or accretion of associated premiums and discounts. Securities AFS are measured at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of any tax effect, included in AOCI as a component of shareholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses, including OTTI, are determined using the specific identification method and are recognized as a
 
component of Noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Securities AFS are reviewed for OTTI on a quarterly basis. In determining whether OTTI exists for securities AFS in an unrealized loss position, the Company assesses whether it has the intent to sell the security or assesses the likelihood of selling the security prior to the recovery of its amortized cost basis. If the Company intends to sell the security or it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will be required to sell the security prior to the recovery of its amortized cost basis, the security is written down to fair value, and the full amount of any impairment charge is recognized as a component of Noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. If the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will not be required to sell the security prior to recovery of its amortized cost basis, only the credit component of any impairment of a security is recognized as a component of Noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income, with the amount of any remaining impairment balanceunrealized losses recorded in OCI.
For additional information on the Company’s trading and securities AFS activities, see Note 4, “Trading Assets and Liabilities and Derivatives,” and Note 5, “Securities Available for Sale.”

Equity Securities
The Company records equity securities that are not classified as trading assets or liabilities within Other assets in its Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Investments in equity securities with readily determinable fair values (marketable) are measured at fair value, with changes in the fair value recognized as a component of Noninterest income in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.
Investments in equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values (nonmarketable) are accounted for at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer, also referred to as the measurement alternative. Any adjustments to the carrying value of these investments are recorded in Noninterest income in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.
For additional information on the Company's equity securities, see Note 9, “Other Assets,” and Note 16, “Fair Value Election and Measurement.”

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company records derivative contracts at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends upon whether or not it has been designated in a formal, qualifying hedging relationship. 
Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated in a hedging relationship are recorded in noninterest income. This includes derivatives that the Company enters into in a dealer capacity to facilitate client transactions and as a risk management tool to economically hedge certain identified risks, along with certain IRLCs on residential mortgage and commercial loans that are a normal part of the Company’s operations. The Company also evaluates contracts, such as brokered deposits and debt, to
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



also evaluates contracts, such as brokered deposits and debt, to determine whether any embedded derivatives are required to be bifurcated and separately accounted for as freestanding derivatives.
Certain derivatives used as risk management tools are designated as accounting hedges of the Company’s exposure to changes in interest rates or other identified market risks. The Company prepares written hedge documentation for all derivatives which are designated as hedges of (i) changes in the fair value of a recognized asset or liability (fair value hedge) attributable to a specified risk or (ii) a forecasted transaction, such as the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (cash flow hedge). The written hedge documentation includes identification of, among other items, the risk management objective, hedging instrument, hedged item and methodologies for assessing and measuring hedge effectiveness, along with support for management’s assertion that the hedge will be highly effective. Methodologies related to hedge effectiveness include (i) statistical regression analysis of changes in the cash flows of the actual derivative and a perfectly effective hypothetical derivative,derivatives, or (ii) statistical regression analysis of changes in the fair values of the actual derivative and the hedged item.
For designated hedging relationships, subsequent to the initial assessment of hedge effectiveness, the Company generally performs retrospective and prospective effectiveness testing using a qualitative approach. Assessments of hedge effectiveness are performed at least quarterly. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is highly effective and that has been designated and qualifies as a fair value hedge are recorded in current period earnings, in the same line item with the changes in the fair value of the hedged item that are attributable to the hedged risk. The changes in the fair value of a derivative that is highly effective and that has been designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedge is initially recorded in AOCI and reclassified to earnings in the
same period that the hedged item impacts earnings. The amount
reclassified to earnings is recorded in the same line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item.
Hedge accounting ceases for hedging relationships that are no longer deemed effective, or for which the derivative has been terminated or de-designated. For discontinued fair value hedges where the hedged item remains outstanding, the hedged item would cease to be remeasured at fair value attributable to changes in the hedged risk and any existing basis adjustment would be recognized as an adjustment to earningsnet interest income over the remaining life of the hedged item. For discontinued cash flow hedges, the unrealized gains and losses recorded in AOCI would be reclassified to earnings in the period when the previously designated hedged cash flows occur unless it was determined that transaction was probable to not occur, wherebyin which case any unrealized gains and losses in AOCI would be immediately reclassified to earnings.
It is the Company's policy to offset derivative transactions with a single counterparty as well as any cash collateral paid to and received from that counterparty for derivative contracts that are subject to ISDA or other legally enforceable netting arrangements and meet accounting guidance for offsetting treatment. For additional information on the Company’s derivative activities, see Note 15, “Derivative Financial Instruments,” and Note 16, “Fair Value Election and Measurement.”

Subsequent Events
The Company evaluated events that occurred between March 31,September 30, 2018 and the date the accompanying financial statements were issued, and there were no material events, other than those already discussed in this Form 10-Q, that would require recognition in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements or disclosure in the accompanying Notes.

Accounting Pronouncements
The following table summarizes ASUs issued by the FASB that were adopted during the current year or not yet adopted as of March 31,September 30, 2018, that could have a material effect on the Company's financial statements:
StandardDescriptionRequired Date of AdoptionEffect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
Standards Adopted in 2018
ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC Topic 606) and subsequent related ASUs
These ASUs comprise ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which supersede the revenue recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, and most industry-specific guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the ASC. The core principle of these ASUs is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.
January 1, 2018
The Company adopted these ASUs on a modified retrospective basis beginning January 1, 2018. Upon adoption, the Company recognized an immaterial cumulative effect adjustment that resulted in a decrease to the beginning balance of retained earnings as of January 1, 2018. Furthermore, the Company prospectively changed the presentation of certain types of revenue and expenses, such as underwriting revenue within investment banking income which is shown on a gross basis, and certain cash promotions and card network expenses, which were reclassified from noninterest expense to service charges on deposit accounts, card fees, and other charges and fees. The net quantitative impact of these presentation changes decreased both revenue and expenses by $3$9 million and $16 million for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018;September 30, 2018, respectively; however, these presentation changes did not have an impact on net income. Prior period balances have not been restated to reflect these presentation changes. See Note 2, “Revenue Recognition,” for disclosures relating to ASC Topic 606.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



StandardDescriptionRequired Date of AdoptionEffect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
Standards Adopted in 2018 (continued)
ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities; and

ASU 2018-03, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
These ASUs amend ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments-Overall, and address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. The main provisions require most investments in equity securities to be measured at fair value through net income, unless they qualify for a measurement alternative, and require fair value changes arising from changes in instrument-specific credit risk for financial liabilities that are measured under the fair value option to be recognized in other comprehensive income. With the exception of disclosure requirements and the application of the measurement alternative for certain equity investments that was adopted prospectively, these ASUs must be adopted on a modified retrospective basis.
January 1, 2018

Early adoption was permitted for the provision related to changes in instrument-specific credit risk for financial liabilities under the FVO.

The Company early adopted the provision related to changes in instrument-specific credit risk beginning January 1, 2016, which resulted in an immaterial cumulative effect adjustment from retained earnings to AOCI. See Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies,” to the Company's 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the early adoption of this provision.

Additionally, the Company adopted the remaining provisions of these ASUs beginning January 1, 2018, which resulted in an immaterial cumulative effect adjustment to the beginning balance of retained earnings. In connection with the adoption of these ASUs, an immaterial amount of equity securities previously classified as securities AFS were reclassified to other assets, as the AFS classification is no longer permitted for equity securities under these ASUs.

Subsequent to adoption of these ASUs, an observable transaction occurred relating to an equity investment without a readily determinable fair value. As a result, the Company recognized a $23 million increase in Other assetsnet gains on certain of its Consolidated Balance Sheetsequity investments during the three and in Other noninterest income on its Consolidated Statements of Income. Seenine months ended September 30, 2018. For additional information relating to these net gains, see Note 9, “Other Assets,” and Note 16, “Fair Value Election and Measurement,Measurement. for additional information.

The remaining provisions and disclosure requirements of these ASUs did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements andor related disclosures upon adoption.

ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments
TheThis ASU amends ASC Topic 230, Statement of Cash Flows, to clarify the classification of certain cash receipts and payments within the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. These items include: cash payments for debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; cash outflows for the settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments with coupon interest rates that are insignificant; contingent consideration payments made after a business combination; proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned and bank-owned life insurance policies; distributions received from equity method investees; and beneficial interests acquired in securitization transactions. The ASU also clarifies that when no specific U.S. GAAP guidance exists and the source of the cash flows are not separately identifiable, the predominant source of cash flow should be used to determine the classification for the item. The ASU must be adopted on a retrospective basis.

January 1, 2018
The Company adopted this ASU on a retrospective basis effective January 1, 2018 and changed the presentation of certain cash payments and receipts within its Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Specifically, the Company changed the presentation of proceeds from the settlement of bank-owned life insurance policies from operating activities to investing activities. The Company also changed the presentation of cash payments related to premiums paid for bank-owned life insurance policiespolicy premiums from operating activities to investing activities. Lastly, for contingent consideration payments made more than three months after a business combination, the Company changed the presentation for the portion of the cash payment up to the acquisition date fair value of the contingent consideration as a financing activity and any amount paid in excess of the acquisition date fair value as an operating activity.

For both the threenine months ending March 31,ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the amountCompany reclassified $201 million and $127 million, respectively, of cash payments for bank-owned life insurance policy premiums and receipts relatingan immaterial amount of proceeds from the settlement of bank-owned life insurance policies from operating activities to these changes were immaterial toinvesting activities on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The remaining presentation change described above was immaterial for both the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

ASU 2017-09, Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting
This ASU amends ASC Topic 718, Stock Compensation, to provide guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting per ASC Topic 718, Stock Compensation. The amendments clarify that modification accounting only applies to an entity if the fair value, vesting conditions, or classification of the award changes as a result of changes in the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. The ASU should be applied prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date.

January 1, 2018The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018 and upon adoption, the ASU did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements andor related disclosures.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



StandardDescriptionRequired Date of AdoptionEffect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
Standards Adopted in 2018 (continued)
ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities
TheThis ASU amends ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, to simplify the requirements for hedge accounting. Key amendments include: eliminating the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness, requiring changes in the value of the hedging instrument to be presented in the same income statement line as the earnings effect of the hedged item, and the ability to measure the hedged item based on the benchmark interest rate component of the total contractual coupon for fair value hedges. These changes expand the types of risk management strategies eligible for hedge accounting. The ASU also permits entities to qualitatively assert that a hedging relationship was and continues to be highly effective. New incremental disclosures are also required for reporting periods subsequent to the date of adoption. All transition requirements and elections should be applied to hedging relationships existing on the date of adoption using a modified retrospective approach.

January 1, 2019

Early adoption is permitted.
The Company early adopted this ASU beginning January 1, 2018 and modified its measurement methodology for certain hedged items designated under fair value hedge relationships. The Company elected to perform its subsequent assessments of hedge effectiveness using a qualitative, rather than a quantitative, approach. The adoption resulted in an immaterial cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings and a basis adjustment to the related hedged items.items arising from measuring the hedged items based on the benchmark interest rate component of the total contractual coupon of the fair value hedges. For additional information on the Company’s derivative and hedging activities, see Note 15, “Derivative Financial Instruments.”

ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from AOCI

This ASU amends ASC Topic 220, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income, to allow for a reclassification from AOCI to Retained earnings for the tax effects stranded in AOCI as a result of the remeasurement of DTAs and DTLs for the change in the federal corporate tax rate pursuant to the 2017 Tax Act, which was recognized through the income tax provision in 2017. The Company may apply this ASU at the beginning of the period of adoption or retrospectively to all periods in which the 2017 Tax Act is enacted.

January 1, 2019

Early adoption is permitted.
The Company early adopted this ASU as ofbeginning January 1, 2018. Upon adoption of this ASU, the Company elected to reclassify $182 million of stranded tax effects relating to securities AFS, derivative instruments, credit risk on long-term debt, and employee benefit plans from AOCI to retained earnings. This amount was offset by $28 million of stranded tax effects relating to equity securities previously classified as securities AFS, resulting in a net $154 million increase to retained earnings.

ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement
This ASU amends ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, to add new disclosure requirements, as well as to modify and remove certain disclosure requirements to improve the effectiveness of disclosures in the notes to financial statements. In the initial period of adoption, the Company will be required to disclose the average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop level 3 fair value measurements and to disclose information about the measurement uncertainty around these measurements on a prospective basis. All other amendments of this ASU must be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon adoption.

January 1, 2020

Early adoption is permitted.

The Company early adopted this ASU beginning September 30, 2018 and modified its fair value disclosures accordingly. The adoption of this ASU did not have an impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. See Note 16, “Fair Value Election and Measurement,” for the Company's fair value disclosures.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



StandardDescriptionRequired Date of AdoptionEffect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
Standards Not Yet Adopted
ASU 2016-02, Leases (ASC Topic 842) and subsequent related ASUs
TheThis ASU creates ASC Topic 842, Leases, which supersedes ASC Topic 840, Leases. ASC Topic 842 requires lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and associated liabilities that arise from leases, with the exception of short-term leases. The ASU does not make significant changes to lessor accounting; however, there were certain improvements made to align lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. There are several new qualitative and quantitative disclosures required.

Upon transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognizehave the option to:
- Recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach.transition approach, or
- Apply a modified retrospective transition approach as of the date of adoption.

January 1, 2019

Early adoption is permitted.
The Company has formed a cross-functional team to oversee the implementation of this ASU. The Company's implementation efforts are ongoing, including the review of its lease portfolios and related lease accounting policies, the review of its service contracts for embedded leases, and the deployment of a new lease software solution. Additionally, in conjunction with this implementation, the Company is reviewing business processes and evaluating potential changes to its control environment.

The Company's adoption ofCompany will adopt this ASU which is expected to occur on January 1, 2019, which will result in an increase in right-of-use assets and associated lease liabilities, arising from operating leases in which the Company is the lessee, on its Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The amount of the right-of-use assets and associated lease liabilities recorded upon adoption will be based primarily on the present value of unpaid future minimum lease payments, the amount of which will depend on the population of leases in effect at the date of adoption. At March 31,September 30, 2018, the Company’s estimate of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities that would be recorded on its Consolidated Balance Sheets upon adoption is in excesswas between $1.0 billion and $1.5 billion.

The Company expects to recognize a cumulative effect adjustment upon adoption to increase the beginning balance of $1 billion. Additionally,retained earnings as of January 1, 2019 for remaining deferred gains on sale-leaseback transactions which occurred prior to the date of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the estimated impact thathad approximately $44 million of deferred gains on sale-leaseback transactions as of September 30, 2018. The Company does not expect this ASU mayto have a material impact on the timing of expense recognition in its Consolidated Statements of Income.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



StandardDescriptionRequired Date of AdoptionEffect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
Standards Not Yet Adopted (continued)
ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
TheThis ASU adds ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments-CreditInstruments - Credit Losses, to replace the incurred loss impairment methodology with a current expected credit loss methodology for financial instruments measured at amortized cost and other commitments to extend credit. For this purpose, expected credit losses reflect losses over the remaining contractual life of an asset, considering the effect of voluntary prepayments and considering available information about the collectability of cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The resulting allowance for credit losses is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to reflect the net amount expected to be collected on the financial assets. Additional quantitative and qualitative disclosures are required upon adoption. The change to the allowance for credit losses at the time of the adoption will be made with a cumulative effect adjustment to Retained earnings.

The current expected credit loss model does not apply to AFS debt securities; however, the ASU requires entities to record an allowance when recognizing credit losses for AFS securities, rather than recording a direct write-down of the carrying amount.

January 1, 2020


Early adoption is permitted beginning January 1, 2019.
The Company has formed a cross-functional team to oversee the implementation of this ASUASU. A detailed implementation plan has been developed and has identified the changes necessary to its credit loss estimation methodologies in order to comply with the new accounting standard requirements. Substantialsubstantial progress has been made to date on implementing these changes, including the identification and staging of data, development and validation of models, updates to businessrefinement of economic forecasting processes, and technology systems, and the documentation of accounting policy decisions. Additionally, a new credit loss platform is being implemented to host data and run models in a controlled, automated environment. In conjunction with this implementation, the Company is reviewing business processes and evaluating potential changes to the control environment.

The Company plans to adopt this ASU on January 1, 2020, and it is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures, and thedisclosures. The Company currently anticipates that an increase to the allowance for credit losses will be recognized upon adoption to provide for the expected credit losses over the estimated life of the financial assets. However, since theThe magnitude of the anticipated increase in the allowance for credit losses will be impacted bydepend on economic conditions and trends in the Company’s portfolio at the time of adoption, the quantitative impact cannot yet be reasonably estimated.adoption.

ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment
TheThis ASU amends ASC Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill, by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The amendments require an entity to perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. Entities shouldThis ASU requires an entity to recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying amount exceeds its fair value, butwith the loss recognized should not exceedlimited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The ASU must be applied on a prospective basis.

January 1, 2020

Early adoption is permitted.
Based on the Company's most recent annual goodwill impairment test performed as of October 1, 2017, there were no reporting units for which the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeded its fair value; therefore, this ASU would not currently have an impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements andor related disclosures. However, if upon the adoption date, which is expected to occur on January 1, 2020, the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company would be required to recognize an impairment charge for the amount that the carrying value exceeds the fair value.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



StandardDescriptionRequired Date of AdoptionEffect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
Standards Not Yet Adopted (continued)
ASU 2018-14, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans

This ASU amends ASC Subtopic 715-20, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General, to add new disclosure requirements, as well as to remove certain disclosure requirements to improve the effectiveness of disclosures in the notes to financial statements. The ASU must be adopted on a retrospective basis.

December 31, 2020

Early adoption is permitted.

The Company is in the process of evaluating this ASU and does not expect this ASU to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements or related disclosures.

ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract

This ASU amends ASC Subtopic 350-40, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software, to align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). The Company may apply this ASU either retrospectively, or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption.

January 1, 2020

Early adoption is permitted.

The Company is in the process of evaluating this ASU. The Company’s current accounting policy for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement generally aligns with the requirements of this ASU. Therefore, the Company's adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements or related disclosures.




NOTE 2 – REVENUE RECOGNITION
Pursuant to the Company's adoption of ASUASC 2014-09,Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, the following disclosures discuss the Company's revenue recognition accounting policies. The Company recognizes two primary types of revenue, interestrevenue: Interest income and noninterest income.
Interest Income
The Company’s principal source of revenue is interest income from loans and securities, which is recognized on an accrual basis using the effective interest method. For additional information on the Company’s policies for recognizing interest income on loans and securities, see Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Interest income is not within the scope of ASC Topic 606, Revenues from Contracts with Customers.606.
 
Noninterest Income
Noninterest income includes revenue from various types of transactions and services provided to Consumer and Wholesale clients. The following tables reflecttable reflects the Company’s noninterest income disaggregated by the amount of revenue that is in scope and out of scope of ASC Topic 606.
(Dollars in millions)Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
Noninterest income2018 2017 2018 2017
Revenue in scope of ASC Topic 606
$508
 
$530
 
$1,514
 
$1,571
Revenue out of scope of ASC Topic 606274
 316
 894
 949
Total noninterest income
$782
 
$846
 
$2,408
 
$2,520

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



The following tables further disaggregate the Company’s noninterest income by financial statement line item, business segment, and by the amount of each revenue stream that is in scope or out of scope of ASC Topic 606. The commentary following thethese tables describes the nature, amount, and timing of the related revenue streams.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 1
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 1
(Dollars in millions)
 Consumer 2
 
 Wholesale 2
 
  Out of Scope 2, 3
 Total
 Consumer 2
 
 Wholesale 2
 
  Out of Scope 2, 3
 Total
Noninterest income              
Service charges on deposit accounts
$104
 
$42
 
$—
 
$146

$111
 
$33
 
$—
 
$144
Other charges and fees28
 3
 56
 87
Other charges and fees 4
28
 3
 58
 89
Card fees54
 26
 1
 81
49
 26
 
 75
Investment banking income
 84
 47
 131
Investment banking income 4

 101
 49
 150
Trading income
 
 42
 42

 
 42
 42
Trust and investment management income75
 
 
 75
79
 
 1
 80
Retail investment services71
 1
 
 72
73
 
 1
 74
Mortgage servicing related income
 
 54
 54

 
 43
 43
Mortgage production related income
 
 36
 36

 
 40
 40
Commercial real estate related income
 
 23
 23

 
 24
 24
Net securities gains
 
 1
 1

 
 
 
Other noninterest income6
 
 42
 48
5
 
 16
 21
Total noninterest income
$338
 
$156
 
$302
 
$796

$345
 
$163
 
$274
 
$782
1 Amounts are presented in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers., except for out of scope amounts.
2 Consumer total noninterest income and Wholesale totalstotal noninterest income exclude $105$100 million and $215$210 million of out of scope noninterest income, respectively, that iswhich are included in the business segment results presented on a management accounting basis in Note 18, "Business Segment Reporting." Total outOut of scope total noninterest income includes these amounts as well asand also includes ($18)36) million of Corporate Other noninterest income that is out of scope ofnot subject to ASC Topic 606.
3 The Company presents out of scope noninterest income for the purpose of reconciling noninterest income amounts within the scope of ASC Topic 606 to noninterest income amounts presented on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.
4 Beginning July 1, 2018, the Company began presenting bridge commitment fee income related to capital market transactions in Investment banking income on the Consolidated Statements of Income. For periods prior to July 1, 2018, this income was previously presented in Other charges and fees and has been reclassified to Investment banking income for comparability.


 Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 1
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 1
(Dollars in millions)
 Consumer 2
 
 Wholesale 2
 
  Out of Scope 2, 3
 Total
 Consumer 2
 
 Wholesale 2
 
  Out of Scope 2, 3
 Total
Noninterest income              
Service charges on deposit accounts
$103
 
$45
 
$—
 
$148

$119
 
$35
 
$—
 
$154
Other charges and fees31
 3
 61
 95
Other charges and fees 4
29
 3
 57
 89
Card fees54
 27
 1
 82
58
 27
 1
 86
Investment banking income
 96
 71
 167
Investment banking income 4

 106
 63
 169
Trading income
 
 51
 51

 
 51
 51
Trust and investment management income75
 
 
 75
78
 
 1
 79
Retail investment services67
 1
 
 68
69
 
 
 69
Mortgage servicing related income
 
 58
 58

 
 46
 46
Mortgage production related income
 
 53
 53

 
 61
 61
Commercial real estate related income
 
 20
 20

 
 17
 17
Net securities gains
 
 
 

 
 
 
Other noninterest income7
 
 23
 30
6
 
 19
 25
Total noninterest income
$337
 
$172
 
$338
 
$847

$359
 
$171
 
$316
 
$846
1 Amounts for periods prior to January 1, 2018 are presented in accordance with ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, and have not been restated to conform with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.
2 Consumer total noninterest income and Wholesale totalstotal noninterest income exclude $127$123 million and $229$226 million of out of scope noninterest income, respectively, that iswhich are included in the business segment results presented on a management accounting basis in Note 18, "Business Segment Reporting." Total outOut of scope total noninterest income includes these amounts as well asand also includes ($18)33) million of Corporate Other noninterest income that is out of scope ofnot subject to ASC Topic 606.
3 The Company presents out of scope noninterest income for the purpose of reconciling noninterest income amounts within the scope of ASC Topic 606 to noninterest income amounts presented on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.
4 Beginning July 1, 2018, the Company began presenting bridge commitment fee income related to capital market transactions in Investment banking income on the Consolidated Statements of Income. For periods prior to July 1, 2018, this income was previously presented in Other charges and fees and has been reclassified to Investment banking income for comparability.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



 
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 1
(Dollars in millions)
 Consumer 2
 
 Wholesale 2
 
  Out of Scope 2, 3
 Total
Noninterest income       
Service charges on deposit accounts
$330
 
$103
 
$—
 
$433
Other charges and fees 4
85
 8
 171
 264
Card fees160
 78
 3
 241
Investment banking income 4

 287
 166
 453
Trading income
 
 137
 137
Trust and investment management income228
 
 2
 230
Retail investment services216
 2
 1
 219
Mortgage servicing related income
 
 138
 138
Mortgage production related income
 
 118
 118
Commercial real estate related income
 
 66
 66
Net securities gains
 
 1
 1
Other noninterest income17
 
 91
 108
Total noninterest income
$1,036
 
$478
 
$894
 
$2,408
1 Amounts are presented in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, except for out of scope amounts.
2 Consumer total noninterest income and Wholesale total noninterest income exclude $313 million and $646 million of out of scope noninterest income, respectively, which are included in the business segment results presented on a management accounting basis in Note 18, "Business Segment Reporting." Out of scope total noninterest income includes these amounts and also includes ($65) million of Corporate Other noninterest income that is not subject to ASC Topic 606.
3 The Company presents out of scope noninterest income for the purpose of reconciling noninterest income amounts within the scope of ASC Topic 606 to noninterest income amounts presented on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.
4 Beginning July 1, 2018, the Company began presenting bridge commitment fee income related to capital market transactions in Investment banking income on the Consolidated Statements of Income. For periods prior to July 1, 2018, this income was previously presented in Other charges and fees and has been reclassified to Investment banking income for comparability.


 
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 1
(Dollars in millions)
 Consumer 2
 
 Wholesale 2
 
  Out of Scope 2, 3
 Total
Noninterest income       
Service charges on deposit accounts
$344
 
$109
 
$—
 
$453
Other charges and fees 4
93
 9
 168
 270
Card fees172
 81
 2
 255
Investment banking income 4

 309
 192
 501
Trading income
 
 148
 148
Trust and investment management income227
 
 2
 229
Retail investment services206
 1
 1
 208
Mortgage servicing related income
 
 148
 148
Mortgage production related income
 
 170
 170
Commercial real estate related income
 
 61
 61
Net securities gains
 
 1
 1
Other noninterest income20
 
 56
 76
Total noninterest income
$1,062
 
$509
 
$949
 
$2,520
1 Amounts for periods prior to January 1, 2018 are presented in accordance with ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, and have not been restated to conform with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.
2 Consumer total noninterest income and Wholesale total noninterest income exclude $365 million and $660 million of out of scope noninterest income, respectively, which are included in the business segment results presented on a management accounting basis in Note 18, "Business Segment Reporting." Out of scope total noninterest income includes these amounts and also includes ($76) million of Corporate Other noninterest income that is not subject to ASC Topic 606.
3 The Company presents out of scope noninterest income for the purpose of reconciling noninterest income amounts within the scope of ASC Topic 606 to noninterest income amounts presented on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.
4 Beginning July 1, 2018, the Company began presenting bridge commitment fee income related to capital market transactions in Investment banking income on the Consolidated Statements of Income. For periods prior to July 1, 2018, this income was previously presented in Other charges and fees and has been reclassified to Investment banking income for comparability.


Service Charges on Deposit Accounts
Service charges on deposit accounts represent fees relating to the Company’s various deposit products. These fees include account maintenance, cash management, treasury management, wire transfers, overdraft and other deposit-related fees. The Company’s execution of the services related to these fees represents its related performance obligations. Each of these
performance obligations are either satisfied over time or at a point in time as the services are provided to the customer. The Company is the principal when rendering these services.
Payments for services provided are either withdrawn from the customer’s account as services are rendered or in the billing period following the completion of the service. The transaction
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



price for each of these fees is based on the Company’s predetermined fee schedule.

Other Charges and Fees
Other charges and fees consist primarily of loan commitment and letter of credit fees, operating lease revenue, ATM fees, insurance revenue, and miscellaneous service charges including
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



wire fees and check cashing fees. Loan commitment and letter of credit fees and operating lease revenue are out of scope of ASC Topic 606.
The Company’s execution of the services related to the fees within the scope of ASC Topic 606 represents its related performance obligations, which are either satisfied at a point in time or over time as services are rendered. ATM fees and miscellaneous service charges are recognized at a point in time as the services are provided.
Insurance commission revenue is earned through the sale of insurance products. The commissions are recognized as revenue when the customer executes an insurance policy with the insurance carrier. In some cases, the Company receives payment of trailing commissions each year when the customer pays its annual premium. For both the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, the Company recognized an immaterial amount of insurance trailing commissions related to performance obligations satisfied in prior periods.
    
Card Fees
Card fees consist of interchange fees from credit and debit cards, merchant acquirer revenue, and other card related services. Interchange fees are earned by the Company each time a request for payment is initiated by a customer at a merchant for which the Company transfers the funds on behalf of the customer. Interchange rates are set by the payment network and are based on purchase volumes and other factors. Interchange fees are received daily and recognized at a point in time when the card transaction is processed. The Company is considered an agent of the customer and incurs costs with the payment network to facilitate the interchange with the merchant; therefore, the related payment network expense is recognized as a reduction of card fees. Prior to the adoption of ASC Topic 606, these expenses were recognized in Outside processing and software in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company offers rewards and/or rebates to its customers based on card usage. The costs associated with these programs are also recognized as a reduction of card fees.
The Company also has a revenue sharing agreement with a merchant acquirer. The Company’s referral of a merchant to the merchant acquirer represents its related performance obligations,obligation, which is satisfied at a point in time when the referral is made. Monthly revenue is estimated based on the expected amount of transactions processed. Payments are generally made by the merchant acquirer quarterly in the month following the quarter in which the services are rendered.

Investment Banking Income
Investment banking income is comprised primarily of securities underwriting fees, advisory fees, and loan syndication fees. The Company assists corporate clients in raising capital by offering equity or debt securities to potential investors. The underwriting fees are earned on the trade date when the Company, as a member
of an underwriting syndicate, purchases the securities from the issuer and sells the securities to third party investors. Each member of the syndicate is responsible for selling its portion of the underwriting and is liable for the proportionate costs of the underwriting; therefore, the Company’s portion of underwriting revenue and expense is presented gross within noninterest income and noninterest expense. Prior to the adoption of ASC
Topic 606, underwriting expense was recorded as a reduction of investment banking income. The transaction price is based on a percentage of the total transaction amount and payments are settled shortly after the trade date.
Loan syndication fees are typically recognized at the closing of a loan syndication transaction. These fees are out of the scope of ASC Topic 606.
The Company also provides merger and acquisition advisory services, including various activities such as business valuation, identification of potential targets or acquirers, and the issuance of fairness opinions. The Company’s execution of these advisory services represents its related performance obligations. The performance obligations relating to advisory services are fulfilled at a point in time upon completion of the contractually specified merger or acquisition transaction.acquisition. The transaction price is based on contractually specified terms agreed upon with the client for each advisory service. Additionally, payments for advisory services consist of upfront retainer fees and success fees at the date the related merger or acquisition is closed. The retainer fees are typically paid upfront, which creates a contract liability. At March 31,September 30, 2018, the contract liability relating to these retainer fees was immaterial.
Revenue related to trade execution services is earned on the trade date and recognized at a point in time. The fees related to trade execution services are due on the settlement date.

Trading Income
The Company recognizes trading income as a result of gains and losses from the sales of trading account assets and liabilities. The Company also recognizes trading income as a result of changes in the fair value of trading account assets and liabilities that it holds. The Company’s trading accounts include various types of investmentdebt and equity securities, and debt investments, trading loans, and derivative instruments. For additional information relating to trading income, see Note 15, “Derivative Financial Instruments,” and Note 16, “Fair Value Election and Measurement.”

Trust and Investment Management Income
Trust and investment management income includes revenue from custodial services, trust administration, financial advisory services, employee benefit solutions, and other services provided to customers within the Consumer business segment.
The Company generally recognizes trust and investment management revenue over time as services are rendered. Revenue is based on either a percentage of the market value of the assets under management, or advisement, or fixed based on the services provided to the customer. Fees are generally swept from the customer’s account one billing period in arrears based on the prior period’s assets under management or advisement.

Retail Investment Services
Retail investment services consists primarily of investment management, selling and distribution services, and trade
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



execution services. The Company’s execution of these services represents its related performance obligations.
Investment management fees are generally recognized over time as services are rendered and are based on either a percentage of the market value of the assets under management, or advisement, or fixed based on the services provided to the customer. The fees are calculated quarterly and are usually collected at the beginning of the period from the customer’s account and recognized ratably over the related billing period.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



The Company also offers selling and distribution services and earns commissions through the sale of annuity and mutual fund products. The Company acts as an agent in these transactions and recognizes revenue at a point in time when the customer enters into an agreement with the product carrier. The Company may also receive trailing commissions and 12b-1 fees related to mutual fund and annuity products, and recognizes this revenue in the period that they are realized since the revenue cannot be accurately predicted at the time the policy becomes effective. The Company recognized revenue of $13$12 million and $38 million for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, respectively, which relates to mutual fund 12b-1 fees and annuity trailing commissions from performance obligations satisfied in periods prior to March 31,September 30, 2018.
Trade execution commissions are earned and recognized on the trade date, when the Company executes a trade for a customer. Payment for the trade execution is due on the settlement date.

Mortgage Servicing Related Income
The Company recognizes as assets the rights to service mortgage loans, either when the loans are sold and the associated servicing rights are retained or when servicing rights are purchased from a third party. Mortgage servicing related income includes servicing fees, modification fees, fees for ancillary services, gains or losses from hedging, changes in fair value, and other fees customarily associated with servicing arrangements.arrangements, gains or losses from hedging, and changes in the fair value of residential MSRs inclusive of decay resulting from the realization of monthly net servicing cash flows. For additional information relating to mortgage servicing related income, see Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, and Note 8, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” Note 15, “Derivative Financial Instruments,” and Note 16, “Fair Value Election and Measurement,” in this Form 10-Q.

Mortgage Production Related Income
Mortgage production related income is comprised primarily of activity related to the sale of consumer mortgage loans as well as loan origination fees such as closing charges, document review fees, application fees, other loan origination fees, and loan processing fees. For additional information relating to mortgage production related income, see Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, and Note 15, “Derivative Financial Instruments,” and Note 16, “Fair Value Election and Measurement,” in this Form 10-Q.

Commercial Real Estate Related Income
Commercial real estate related income consists primarily of origination fees, such as loan placement and broker fees, gains and losses on the sale of commercial loans, commercial mortgage
loan servicing fees, income from community development investments, gains and losses from the sale of structured real estate, and other fee income, such as asset advisory fees. The Company earns loan placement and broker fees for arranging financing between third party investors/lenders and borrowers. Additionally, the Company also aids customers in due diligence
and valuation advisory services for potential real estate services. For additional information relating to commercial real estate related income, see Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, and Note 8, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” Note 15, “Derivative Financial Instruments,” and Note 16, “Fair Value Election and Measurement,” in this Form 10-Q.

Net Securities Gains or Losses
The Company recognizes net securities gains or losses primarily as a result of the sale of securities AFS and the recognition of any OTTI on securities AFS. For additional information relating to net securities gains or losses, see Note 5, “Securities Available for Sale.“Investment Securities.

Other Noninterest Income
Other noninterest income within the scope of ASC Topic 606 consists primarily of fees from the sale of customcustomized personal checks. The Company serves as an agent for customers by connecting them with a third party check provider. Revenue from such sales are earned in the form of commissions from the third party check provider and is recognized at a point in time on the date the customer places an order. Commissions for personal check orders are credited to revenue on an ongoing basis, and commissions for commercial check orders are received quarterly in arrears.
Other noninterest income also includes income from bank-owned life insurance policies that is not within the scope of ASC Topic 606. Income from bank-owned life insurance primarily represents changes in the cash surrender value of such life insurance policies held on certain key employees, for which the Company is the owner and beneficiary. Revenue is recognized in each period based on the change in the cash surrender value during the period.

Practical Expedients and Other
The Company has elected the practical expedient to exclude disclosure of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue at the amount to which the Company has the right to invoice for services performed.
The Company pays sales commissions as a cost to obtain certain contracts within the scope of ASC Topic 606; however, sales commissions relating to these contracts are generally expensed when incurred because the amortization period would be one year or less. Sales commissions are recognized as employee compensation within Noninterest expense on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.
The Company has electedAt September 30, 2018, the practical expedient to exclude disclosure of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue at the amount to which the Company has the right to invoice for services performed.
The Company does not have any material contract assets, liabilities, or other receivables recorded on its Consolidated Balance Sheets, relating to its revenue streams within the scope of ASC Topic 606, at March 31, 2018.606. Additionally, the Company's contracts generally do not contain terms that require significant judgment to determine the amount of revenue to recognize.


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



NOTE 3 - FEDERAL FUNDS SOLD AND SECURITIES FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Federal Funds Sold and Securities Borrowed or Purchased Under Agreements to Resell
Fed Funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell were as follows:
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Fed funds sold
$20
 
$65

$46
 
$65
Securities borrowed449
 298
429
 298
Securities purchased under agreements to resell959
 1,175
899
 1,175
Total Fed funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell
$1,428
 
$1,538

$1,374
 
$1,538
Securities purchased under agreements to resell are primarily collateralized by U.S. government or agency securities and are carried at the amounts at which the securities will be subsequently resold, plus accrued interest. Securities borrowed are primarily collateralized by corporate securities. The Company borrows securities and purchases securities under agreements to resell as part of its securities financing activities. On the acquisition date of these securities, the Company and the
 
related counterparty agree on the amount of collateral required to secure the principal amount loaned under these arrangements. The Company monitors collateral values daily and calls for additional collateral to be provided as warranted under the respective agreements. At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the total market value of collateral held was $1.4$1.3 billion and $1.5 billion, of which $150$112 million and $177 million was repledged, respectively.

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are accounted for as secured borrowings. The following table presents the Company’s related activity, by collateral type and remaining contractual maturity:
March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
(Dollars in millions)Overnight and Continuous Up to 30 days 30-90 days Total Overnight and Continuous Up to 30 days 30-90 days TotalOvernight and Continuous Up to 30 days 30-90 days Total Overnight and Continuous Up to 30 days 30-90 days Total
U.S. Treasury securities
$46
 
$—
 
$—
 
$46
 
$95
 
$—
 
$—
 
$95

$119
 
$23
 
$—
 
$142
 
$95
 
$—
 
$—
 
$95
Federal agency securities114
 18
 1
 133
 101
 15
 
 116
64
 43
 
 107
 101
 15
 
 116
MBS - agency857
 81
 
 938
 694
 135
 
 829
772
 148
 
 920
 694
 135
 
 829
CP36
 
 
 36
 19
 
 
 19
19
 
 
 19
 19
 
 
 19
Corporate and other debt securities336
 149
 39
 524
 316
 88
 40
 444
356
 146
 40
 542
 316
 88
 40
 444
Total securities sold under agreements to repurchase
$1,389
 
$248
 
$40
 
$1,677
 
$1,225
 
$238
 
$40
 
$1,503

$1,330
 
$360
 
$40
 
$1,730
 
$1,225
 
$238
 
$40
 
$1,503

For securities sold under agreements to repurchase, the Company would be obligated to provide additional collateral in the event of a significant decline in fair value of the collateral pledged. This risk is managed by monitoring the liquidity and credit quality of the collateral, as well as the maturity profile of the transactions.

Netting of Securities - Repurchase and Resell Agreements
The Company has various financial assets and financial liabilities that are subject to enforceable master netting agreements or similar agreements. The Company's derivatives that are subject to enforceable master netting agreements or similar agreements are discussed in Note 15, "Derivative Financial Instruments."
The following table presents the Company's securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell and securities
 
sold under agreements to repurchase that are subject to MRAs. Generally, MRAs require collateral to exceed the asset or liability recognized on the balance sheet. Transactions subject to these agreements are treated as collateralized financings, and those with a single counterparty are permitted to be presented net on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets, provided certain criteria are met that permit balance sheet netting. At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were no such transactions subject to legally enforceable MRAs that were eligible for balance sheet netting. The following table includes the amount of collateral pledged or received related to exposures subject to enforceable MRAs. While these agreements are typically over-collateralized, the amount of collateral presented in this table is limited to the amount of the related recognized asset or liability for each counterparty.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



(Dollars in millions)
Gross
Amount
 
Amount
Offset
 
Net Amount
Presented in
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
 
Held/Pledged Financial
Instruments
 
Net
Amount
Gross
Amount
 
Amount
Offset
 
Net Amount
Presented in
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
 
Held/Pledged Financial
Instruments
 
Net
Amount
March 31, 2018         
September 30, 2018         
Financial assets:                  
Securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell
$1,408
 
$—
 
$1,408
1 

$1,394
 
$14

$1,328
 
$—
 
$1,328
1 

$1,309
 
$19
Financial liabilities:                  
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase1,677
 
 1,677
 1,677
 
1,730
 
 1,730
 1,730
 
                  
December 31, 2017                  
Financial assets:                  
Securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell
$1,473
 
$—
 
$1,473
1 

$1,462
 
$11

$1,473
 
$—
 
$1,473
1 

$1,462
 
$11
Financial liabilities:                  
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase1,503
 
 1,503
 1,503
 
1,503
 
 1,503
 1,503
 
1 Excludes $20$46 million and $65 million of Fed Funds sold, which are not subject to a master netting agreement at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.


NOTE 4 - TRADING ASSETS AND LIABILITIES AND DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

The fair values of the components of trading assets and liabilities and derivative instruments are presented in the following table:
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Trading Assets and Derivative Instruments:      
U.S. Treasury securities
$182
 
$157

$247
 
$157
Federal agency securities238
 395
507
 395
U.S. states and political subdivisions123
 61
91
 61
MBS - agency699
 700
743
 700
Corporate and other debt securities804
 655
820
 655
CP169
 118
408
 118
Equity securities51
 56
67
 56
Derivative instruments 1
657
 802
622
 802
Trading loans 2
2,189
 2,149
2,171
 2,149
Total trading assets and derivative instruments
$5,112
 
$5,093

$5,676
 
$5,093
      
Trading Liabilities and Derivative Instruments:      
U.S. Treasury securities
$698
 
$577

$742
 
$577
MBS - agency1
 
Corporate and other debt securities453
 289
411
 289
Equity securities5
 9
12
 9
Derivative instruments 1
580
 408
698
 408
Total trading liabilities and derivative instruments
$1,737
 
$1,283

$1,863
 
$1,283
1 Amounts include the impact of offsetting cash collateral received from and paid to the same derivative counterparties, and the impact of netting derivative assets and derivative liabilities when a legally enforceable master netting agreement or similar agreement exists.
2 Includes loans related to TRS.

Various trading and derivative instruments are used as part of the Company’s overall balance sheet management strategies and to support client requirements executed through the Bank and/or STRH, a broker/dealer subsidiary of the Company. The Company manages the potential market volatility associated with trading instruments by using appropriate risk management strategies. The size, volume, and nature of the trading products and derivative instruments can vary based on economic conditions as well as client-specific and Company-specific asset or liability positions.
Product offerings to clients include debt securities, loans traded in the secondary market, equity securities, derivative contracts, and other similar financial instruments. Other trading-
 
related activities include acting as a market maker for certain debt and equity security transactions, derivative instrument transactions, and foreign exchange transactions. The Company also uses derivatives to manage its interest rate and market risk from non-trading activities. The Company has policies and procedures to manage market risk associated with client trading and non-trading activities, and assumes a limited degree of market risk by managing the size and nature of its exposure. For valuation assumptions and additional information related to the Company's trading products and derivative instruments, see Note 15, “Derivative Financial Instruments,” and the “Trading Assets and Derivative Instruments and Investment Securities Available for Sale” section of Note 16, “Fair Value Election and Measurement.”
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Pledged trading assets are presented in the following table:
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Pledged trading assets to secure repurchase agreements 1

$1,151
 
$1,016

$1,284
 
$1,016
Pledged trading assets to secure certain derivative agreements97
 72
76
 72
Pledged trading assets to secure other arrangements40
 41
40
 41
1 Repurchase agreements secured by collateral totaled $1.1$1.2 billion and $975 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.



NOTE 5 – INVESTMENT SECURITIES AVAILABLE FOR SALE
Investment Securities Portfolio Composition
March 31, 2018September 30, 2018
(Dollars in millions)Amortized
Cost
 Unrealized
Gains
 Unrealized
Losses
 Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
 Unrealized
Gains
 Unrealized
Losses
 Fair
Value
Securities AFS:       
U.S. Treasury securities
$4,275
 
$—
 
$142
 
$4,133
Federal agency securities224
 2
 3
 223
U.S. states and political subdivisions621
 3
 22
 602
MBS - agency residential23,112
 111
 718
 22,505
MBS - agency commercial2,713
 1
 112
 2,602
MBS - non-agency commercial943
 
 38
 905
Corporate and other debt securities14
 
 
 14
Total securities AFS
$31,902
 
$117
 
$1,035
 
$30,984
       
 December 31, 2017 1
(Dollars in millions)Amortized
Cost
 Unrealized
Gains
 Unrealized
Losses
 Fair
Value
Securities AFS:       
U.S. Treasury securities
$4,437
 
$—
 
$97
 
$4,340

$4,361
 
$2
 
$32
 
$4,331
Federal agency securities248
 3
 2
 249
257
 3
 1
 259
U.S. states and political subdivisions644
 5
 13
 636
618
 7
 8
 617
MBS - agency residential22,837
 146
 470
 22,513
22,616
 222
 134
 22,704
MBS - agency commercial2,320
 1
 79
 2,242
2,121
 3
 38
 2,086
MBS - non-agency residential53
 4
 
 57
55
 4
 
 59
MBS - non-agency commercial897
 
 23
 874
862
 7
 3
 866
ABS6
 1
 
 7
6
 2
 
 8
Corporate and other debt securities16
 
 
 16
17
 
 
 17
Total securities AFS
$31,458
 
$160
 
$684
 
$30,934

$30,913
 
$250
 
$216
 
$30,947
       
  December 31, 2017 1
(Dollars in millions)Amortized
Cost
 Unrealized
Gains
 Unrealized
Losses
 Fair
Value
U.S. Treasury securities
$4,361
 
$2
 
$32
 
$4,331
Federal agency securities257
 3
 1
 259
U.S. states and political subdivisions618
 7
 8
 617
MBS - agency residential22,616
 222
 134
 22,704
MBS - agency commercial2,121
 3
 38
 2,086
MBS - non-agency residential55
 4
 
 59
MBS - non-agency commercial862
 7
 3
 866
ABS6
 2
 
 8
Corporate and other debt securities17
 
 
 17
Total securities AFS
$30,913
 
$250
 
$216
 
$30,947
1 Beginning January 1, 2018, the Company reclassified equity securities previously presented in Securities available for sale to Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Reclassifications have been made to previously reported amounts for comparability. See Note 9, "Other Assets," for additional information.


The following table presents interest on securities AFS:
Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017
Taxable interest
$201
 
$180

$207
 
$187
 
$614
 
$551
Tax-exempt interest5
 2
5
 4
 14
 9
Total interest on securities AFS 1

$206
 
$182

$212
 
$191
 
$628
 
$560
1 Beginning January 1, 2018, the Company reclassified equity securities previously presented in Securities available for sale to Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and began presenting income associated with certain of these equity securities in Trading account interest and other on the Consolidated Statements of Income. For periods prior to January 1, 2018, this income associated with these equity securities was previously presented in Interest on securities available for sale and has been reclassified to Trading account interest and other for comparability.comparability.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Securities AFSInvestment securities pledged to secure public deposits, repurchase agreements, trusts, certain derivative agreements, and other funds had a fair value of $3.8$3.4 billion and $4.3 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
The following table presents the amortized cost, fair value, and weighted average yield of investments in securities AFS atthe Company's investment
 
March 31,securities at September 30, 2018, by remaining contractual maturity, with the exception of MBS, and ABS, which are based on estimated average life. Receipt of cash flows may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties.
Distribution of Remaining MaturitiesDistribution of Remaining Maturities
(Dollars in millions)Due in 1 Year or Less Due After 1 Year through 5 Years Due After 5 Years through 10 Years Due After 10 Years TotalDue in 1 Year or Less Due After 1 Year through 5 Years Due After 5 Years through 10 Years Due After 10 Years Total
Amortized Cost:                  
Securities AFS:         
U.S. Treasury securities
$—
 
$2,731
 
$1,706
 
$—
 
$4,437

$15
 
$2,695
 
$1,565
 
$—
 
$4,275
Federal agency securities116
 40
 4
 88
 248
113
 28
 8
 75
 224
U.S. states and political subdivisions6
 59
 63
 516
 644
3
 72
 25
 521
 621
MBS - agency residential1,462
 4,771
 16,222
 382
 22,837
1,619
 6,488
 14,736
 269
 23,112
MBS - agency commercial1
 414
 1,643
 262
 2,320
1
 467
 1,937
 308
 2,713
MBS - non-agency residential
 49
 
 4
 53
MBS - non-agency commercial
 13
 884
 
 897

 12
 931
 
 943
ABS
 
 5
 1
 6
Corporate and other debt securities7
 9
 
 
 16

 14
 
 
 14
Total securities AFS
$1,592
 
$8,086
 
$20,527
 
$1,253
 
$31,458

$1,751
 
$9,776
 
$19,202
 
$1,173
 
$31,902
Fair Value:                  
Securities AFS:         
U.S. Treasury securities
$—
 
$2,673
 
$1,667
 
$—
 
$4,340

$15
 
$2,615
 
$1,503
 
$—
 
$4,133
Federal agency securities118
 41
 4
 86
 249
114
 28
 8
 73
 223
U.S. states and political subdivisions6
 61
 65
 504
 636
3
 75
 25
 499
 602
MBS - agency residential1,517
 4,747
 15,877
 372
 22,513
1,674
 6,341
 14,230
 260
 22,505
MBS - agency commercial1
 400
 1,589
 252
 2,242
1
 448
 1,859
 294
 2,602
MBS - non-agency residential
 53
 
 4
 57
MBS - non-agency commercial
 12
 862
 
 874

 12
 893
 
 905
ABS
 
 6
 1
 7
Corporate and other debt securities7
 9
 
 
 16

 14
 
 
 14
Total securities AFS
$1,649
 
$7,996
 
$20,070
 
$1,219
 
$30,934

$1,807
 
$9,533
 
$18,518
 
$1,126
 
$30,984
Weighted average yield 1
3.31% 2.18% 2.86% 3.04% 2.72%3.22% 2.38% 2.94% 3.12% 2.79%
1 Weighted average yields are based on amortized cost and presented on an FTE basis.


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Investment Securities AFS in an Unrealized Loss Position
The Company held certain investment securities AFS where amortized cost exceeded fair value, resulting in unrealized loss positions. Market changes in interest rates and credit spreads may result in temporary unrealized losses as the market prices of securities fluctuate. At March 31,September 30, 2018, the Company did not intend to sell these securities nor was it more-likely-than-not that
 
that the Company would be required to sell these securities before their anticipated recovery or maturity. The Company reviewed its portfolio for OTTI in accordance with the accounting policies described in Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies.Policies," to the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Securities AFSInvestment securities in an unrealized loss position at period end are presented in the following tables:
March 31, 2018September 30, 2018
Less than twelve months Twelve months or longer TotalLess than twelve months Twelve months or longer Total
(Dollars in millions)Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
1
 Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
1
 Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
1
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
1
 Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
1
 Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
1
Temporarily impaired securities AFS:                      
U.S. Treasury securities
$3,508
 
$69
 
$832
 
$28
 
$4,340
 
$97

$2,554
 
$77
 
$1,579
 
$65
 
$4,133
 
$142
Federal agency securities22
 
 53
 2
 75
 2
16
 
 62
 3
 78
 3
U.S. states and political subdivisions384
 8
 110
 5
 494
 13
210
 7
 280
 15
 490
 22
MBS - agency residential13,742
 284
 4,460
 186
 18,202
 470
10,347
 276
 8,772
 442
 19,119
 718
MBS - agency commercial1,260
 33
 894
 46
 2,154
 79
1,029
 25
 1,519
 87
 2,548
 112
MBS - non-agency commercial748
 18
 90
 5
 838
 23
781
 30
 124
 8
 905
 38
ABS
 
 4
 
 4
 
Corporate and other debt securities9
 
 
 
 9
 

 
 9
 
 9
 
Total temporarily impaired securities AFS19,673
 412

6,443

272

26,116

684
14,937
 415

12,345

620

27,282

1,035
OTTI securities AFS 2:
                      
ABS
 
 1
 
 1
 
Total OTTI securities AFS
 
 1
 
 1
 

 
 
 
 
 
Total impaired securities AFS
$19,673
 
$412
 
$6,444
 
$272
 
$26,117
 
$684

$14,937
 
$415
 
$12,345
 
$620
 
$27,282
 
$1,035
1 Unrealized losses less than $0.5 million are presented as zero within the table.
2 OTTI securities AFS are impaired securities for which OTTI credit losses have been previously recognized in earnings.

 
December 31, 2017 1
 Less than twelve months Twelve months or longer Total
(Dollars in millions)
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
 Losses 2
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
 Losses 2
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
 Losses 2
Temporarily impaired securities AFS:           
U.S. Treasury securities
$1,993
 
$12
 
$841
 
$20
 
$2,834
 
$32
Federal agency securities23
 
 60
 1
 83
 1
U.S. states and political subdivisions267
 3
 114
 5
 381
 8
MBS - agency residential8,095
 38
 4,708
 96
 12,803
 134
MBS - agency commercial887
 9
 915
 29
 1,802
 38
MBS - non-agency commercial134
 1
 93
 2
 227
 3
ABS
 
 4
 
 4
 
Corporate and other debt securities10
 
 
 
 10
 
Total temporarily impaired securities AFS11,409
 63
 6,735
 153
 18,144
 216
OTTI securities AFS 3:
           
ABS
 
 1
 
 1
 
Total OTTI securities AFS
 
 1
 
 1
 
Total impaired securities AFS
$11,409
 
$63
 
$6,736
 
$153
 
$18,145
 
$216
1Beginning January 1, 2018, the Company reclassified equity securities previously presented in Securities available for sale to Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Reclassifications have been made to previously reported amounts for comparability.
2 Unrealized losses less than $0.5 million are presented as zero within the table.
3 OTTI securities AFS are impaired securities for which OTTI credit losses have been previously recognized in earnings.

At March 31, 2018, temporarily impaired securities AFS that have been in anThe Company does not consider the unrealized loss position for twelve months or longer included residential and commercial agency MBS, U.S. Treasury securities, municipal securities, commercial non-agency MBS, federal agency securities, and one ABS
collateralized by 2004 vintage home equity loans. Unrealized losses on temporarily impaired securities AFS to be credit-related. These unrealized losses were due primarily to market interest rates
being higher than the securities' stated coupon rates. Unrealized losses on securities AFS that relate to factors other than creditrates, and therefore, are recorded in AOCI, net of tax.


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Realized Gains and Losses and Other-Than-Temporarily Impaired Securities AFS
Net securities gains/(losses)gains or losses are comprised of gross realized gains, gross realized losses, and OTTI credit losses recognized in earnings. Gross realized gains were immaterial for the three months ended March 31, 2018, and there were no gross realized gains recognized in earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2017. For both the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, there were no gross realized losses or OTTI credit losses recognized in earnings.
Securities AFS
 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017
Gross realized gains
$—
 
$1
 
$7
 
$2
Gross realized losses
 (1) (6) (1)
OTTI credit losses recognized in earnings
 
 
 
Net securities gains
$—
 
$—
 
$1
 
$1

Investment securities in an unrealized loss position are evaluated quarterly for other-than-temporary credit impairment, which is determined using cash flow analyses that take into account security specific collateral and transaction structure. Future expected credit losses are determined using various assumptions, the most significant of which include default rates, prepayment rates, and loss severities. If, based on this analysis, a security is in an unrealized loss position and the Company does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security, the
expected cash flows are then discounted at the security’s initial effective interest rate to arrive at a present value amount. Credit losses on the OTTI security are recognized in earnings and reflect
the difference between the present value of cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis of the security. Subsequent credit losses may be recorded on OTTI securities without a corresponding further decline in fair value when there has been a decline in expected cash flows. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," to the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Company's policy on securities AFS and related impairments.
The Company seeks to reduce existing exposure on OTTI securities primarily through paydowns. In certain instances, the amount of credit losses recognized in earnings on a debt security exceeds the total unrealized losses on the security, which may result in unrealized gains relating to factors other than credit recorded in AOCI, net of tax.
During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, there were no credit impairment losses recognized on securities AFS held at the end of each period. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company sold securities AFS that had accumulated OTTI credit losses of $23 million and recognized an associated gain on sale of $6 million in Net securities gains on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The accumulated balance of OTTI credit losses recognized in earnings on securities AFS held at period end was $23 millionzero and $22 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Subsequent credit losses may be recorded on securities without a corresponding further decline in fair value when there has been a decline in expected cash flows.


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



NOTE 6 - LOANS
Composition of Loan Portfolio
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Commercial loans:      
C&I 1

$66,321
 
$66,356

$68,203
 
$66,356
CRE5,352
 5,317
6,618
 5,317
Commercial construction3,651
 3,804
3,137
 3,804
Total commercial loans75,324
 75,477
Total commercial LHFI77,958
 75,477
Consumer loans:      
Residential mortgages - guaranteed611
 560
452
 560
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed 2
27,165
 27,136
28,187
 27,136
Residential home equity products10,241
 10,626
9,669
 10,626
Residential construction256
 298
197
 298
Guaranteed student6,693
 6,633
7,039
 6,633
Other direct8,941
 8,729
10,100
 8,729
Indirect11,869
 12,140
12,010
 12,140
Credit cards1,518
 1,582
1,603
 1,582
Total consumer loans67,294
 67,704
Total consumer LHFI69,257
 67,704
LHFI
$142,618
 
$143,181

$147,215
 
$143,181
LHFS 3

$2,377
 
$2,290

$1,961
 
$2,290
1 Includes $3.6$3.8 billion and $3.7 billion of lease financing, and $788$838 million and $778 million of installment loans at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
2Includes $188$168 million and $196 million of LHFI measured at fair value at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
3 Includes $1.4$1.8 billion and $1.6 billion of LHFS measured at fair value at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company transferred $204$122 million and $60$91 million of LHFI to LHFS, and transferred $6$5 million and $7$6 million of LHFS to LHFI, respectively. In addition to sales of residential and commercial mortgage LHFS in the normal course of business, the Company sold $36$14 million and $118$285 million of loans and leases during the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, at a price approximating their recorded investment.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company transferred $449 million and $218 million of LHFI to LHFS, and transferred $23 million and $16 million of LHFS to LHFI, respectively. In addition to sales of residential and commercial mortgage LHFS in the normal course of business, the Company sold $187 million and $513 million of loans and leases during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, at a price approximating their recorded investment.
During the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company purchased $475$433 million and $333 million, respectively, of guaranteed student loans. During the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, the Company purchased $213 million of consumer indirect loans. No consumer indirect loans were purchased during the three months ended September 30, 2017. During each of the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company purchased $539 million$1.4 billion of guaranteed student loans, and purchased $229 million and $99 million, respectively, of consumer indirect loans.
At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had $23.5$26.1 billion and $24.3 billion of net eligible loan collateral pledged to the Federal Reserve discount window to support $17.6$19.8 billion and $18.2 billion of available, unused borrowing capacity, respectively.
At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had $38.2$39.4 billion and $38.0 billion of net eligible loan collateral pledged to the FHLB of Atlanta to support $30.3$31.5 billion and $30.5 billion of available borrowing capacity, respectively. The available FHLB borrowing capacity at March 31,September 30, 2018 was used to support $4 million$3.0 billion of long-term debt and $4.8$4.3 billion of letters of credit issued on the Company's behalf. At December 31, 2017, the available FHLB borrowing capacity was used to support $4 million of long-term debt and $6.7 billion of letters of credit issued on the Company's behalf.
Credit Quality Evaluation
The Company evaluates the credit quality of its loan portfolio by employing a dual internal risk rating system, which assigns both PD and LGD ratings to derive expected losses. Assignment of these ratings are predicated upon numerous factors, including consumer credit risk scores, rating agency information, borrower/guarantor financial capacity, LTV ratios, collateral type, debt service coverage ratios, collection experience, other internal metrics/analyses, and/or qualitative assessments.
For the commercial portfolio, the Company believes that the most appropriate credit quality indicator is an individual loan’s risk assessment expressed according to the broad regulatory agency classifications of Pass or Criticized. The Company conforms to the following regulatory classifications for Criticized assets: Other Assets Especially Mentioned (or Special Mention), Adversely Classified,Substandard, Doubtful, and Loss. However, for the purposes of disclosure, management believes the most meaningful distinction within the Criticized categories is between Criticized accruing (which includes Special Mention and a portion of Adversely Classified)Substandard) and Criticized nonaccruing (which includes a portion of Adversely Classified andSubstandard as well as Doubtful and Loss). This distinction identifies those relatively higher risk loans for which there is a basis to believe that the Company will not collect all amounts due under those loan agreements. The Company's risk rating system is more granular, with multiple risk ratings in both the Pass and Criticized categories. Pass ratings reflect relatively low PDs, whereas, Criticized assets have higher PDs. The granularity in Pass ratings assists in establishing pricing, loan structures, approval requirements, reserves, and ongoing credit management requirements. Commercial risk ratings are refreshed at least annually, or more frequently as appropriate, based upon considerations such as market conditions, borrower characteristics, and portfolio trends. Additionally, management routinely reviews portfolio risk ratings, trends, and concentrations to support risk identification and mitigation activities.
For consumer loans, the Company monitors credit risk based on indicators such as delinquencies and FICO scores. The Company believes that consumer credit risk, as assessed by the industry-wide FICO scoring method, is a relevant credit quality indicator. Borrower-specific FICO scores are obtained at origination as part of the Company’s formal underwriting
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



process, and refreshed FICO scores are obtained by the Company at least quarterly.
For guaranteed loans, the Company monitors the credit quality based primarily on delinquency status, as it is a more relevant indicator of credit quality due to the government guarantee. At March 31,both September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, 29% and
28%, respectively, of guaranteed residential mortgages were current with respect to payments. At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, 77%74% and 75%, respectively, of guaranteed student loans were current with respect to payments. The Company's loss exposure on guaranteed residential mortgages and student loans is mitigated by the government guarantee.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued




LHFI by credit quality indicator are presented in the following tables:
Commercial LoansCommercial Loans
C&I CRE Commercial ConstructionC&I CRE Commercial Construction
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Risk rating:                      
Pass
$64,453
 
$64,546
 
$5,152
 
$5,126
 
$3,597
 
$3,770

$66,224
 
$64,546
 
$6,418
 
$5,126
 
$3,038
 
$3,770
Criticized accruing1,652
 1,595
 154
 167
 54
 33
1,723
 1,595
 157
 167
 99
 33
Criticized nonaccruing216
 215
 46
 24
 
 1
256
 215
 43
 24
 
 1
Total
$66,321
 
$66,356
 
$5,352
 
$5,317
 
$3,651
 
$3,804

$68,203
 
$66,356
 
$6,618
 
$5,317
 
$3,137
 
$3,804


 Consumer Loans 1
 Consumer Loans 1
Residential Mortgages -
Nonguaranteed
 Residential Home Equity Products Residential Construction
Residential Mortgages -
Nonguaranteed
 Residential Home Equity Products Residential Construction
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Current FICO score range:                      
700 and above
$23,732
 
$23,602
 
$8,621
 
$8,946
 
$204
 
$240

$24,968
 
$23,602
 
$8,208
 
$8,946
 
$163
 
$240
620 - 6992,655
 2,721
 1,174
 1,242
 45
 50
2,499
 2,721
 1,046
 1,242
 27
 50
Below 620 2
778
 813
 446
 438
 7
 8
720
 813
 415
 438
 7
 8
Total
$27,165
 
$27,136
 
$10,241
 
$10,626
 
$256
 
$298

$28,187
 
$27,136
 
$9,669
 
$10,626
 
$197
 
$298

Other Direct Indirect Credit CardsOther Direct Indirect Credit Cards
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Current FICO score range:                      
700 and above
$8,145
 
$7,929
 
$8,867
 
$9,094
 
$1,034
 
$1,088

$9,197
 
$7,929
 
$8,967
 
$9,094
 
$1,084
 
$1,088
620 - 699755
 757
 2,270
 2,344
 385
 395
866
 757
 2,321
 2,344
 401
 395
Below 620 2
41
 43
 732
 702
 99
 99
37
 43
 722
 702
 118
 99
Total
$8,941
 
$8,729
 
$11,869
 
$12,140
 
$1,518
 
$1,582

$10,100
 
$8,729
 
$12,010
 
$12,140
 
$1,603
 
$1,582
1 Excludes $6.7$7.0 billion and $6.6 billion of guaranteed student loans and $611$452 million and $560 million of guaranteed residential mortgages at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, for which there was nominal risk of principal loss due to the government guarantee.
2 For substantially all loans with refreshed FICO scores below 620, the borrower’s FICO score at the time of origination exceeded 620 but has since deteriorated as the loan has seasoned.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued




The LHFI portfolio by payment status is presented in the following tables:

September 30, 2018
March 31, 2018Accruing    
(Dollars in millions)
Accruing
Current
 
Accruing
30-89 Days
Past Due
 
Accruing
90+ Days
Past Due
 
 Nonaccruing 2
 TotalCurrent 
30-89 Days
Past Due
 
90+ Days
Past Due
 
 Nonaccruing 1
 Total
Commercial loans:                  
C&I
$66,064
 
$32
 
$9
 
$216
 
$66,321

$67,897
 
$40
 
$10
 
$256
 
$68,203
CRE5,304
 2
 
 46
 5,352
6,572
 2
 1
 43
 6,618
Commercial construction3,651
 
 
 
 3,651
3,137
 
 
 
 3,137
Total commercial loans75,019
 34
 9
 262
 75,324
Total commercial LHFI77,606
 42
 11
 299
 77,958
Consumer loans:                  
Residential mortgages - guaranteed179
 53
 379
 
 611
127
 38
 287
 
3 
452
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed 1
26,838
 66
 8
 253
 27,165
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed 2
27,880
 73
 9
 225
 28,187
Residential home equity products10,006
 66
 
 169
 10,241
9,449
 70
 1
 149
 9,669
Residential construction240
 
 
 16
 256
185
 1
 2
 9
 197
Guaranteed student5,148
 612
 933
 
 6,693
5,175
 711
 1,153
 
3 
7,039
Other direct8,893
 35
 5
 8
 8,941
10,050
 39
 4
 7
 10,100
Indirect11,780
 84
 1
 4
 11,869
11,905
 99
 
 6
 12,010
Credit cards1,491
 14
 13
 
 1,518
1,573
 15
 15
 
 1,603
Total consumer loans64,575
 930
 1,339
 450
 67,294
Total consumer LHFI66,344
 1,046
 1,471
 396
 69,257
Total LHFI
$139,594
 
$964
 
$1,348
 
$712
 
$142,618

$143,950
 
$1,088
 
$1,482
 
$695
 
$147,215
1 Includes $188 million of loans measured at fair value, the majority of which were accruing current.
2 Nonaccruing loansnonaccruing LHFI past due 90 days or more totaled $417of $348 million. Nonaccruing loansLHFI past due fewer than 90 days include nonaccrual loans modified in TDRs, performing second lien loans where the first lien loan is nonperforming, and certain energy-related commercial loans.


 December 31, 2017
(Dollars in millions)
Accruing
Current
 
Accruing
30-89 Days
Past Due
 
Accruing
90+ Days
Past Due
 
 Nonaccruing 2
 Total
Commercial loans:         
C&I
$66,092
 
$42
 
$7
 
$215
 
$66,356
CRE5,293
 
 
 24
 5,317
Commercial construction3,803
 
 
 1
 3,804
Total commercial loans75,188
 42
 7
 240
 75,477
Consumer loans:         
Residential mortgages - guaranteed159
 55
 346
 
 560
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed 1
26,778
 148
 4
 206
 27,136
Residential home equity products10,348
 75
 
 203
 10,626
Residential construction280
 7
 
 11
 298
Guaranteed student4,946
 659
 1,028
 
 6,633
Other direct8,679
 36
 7
 7
 8,729
Indirect12,022
 111
 
 7
 12,140
Credit cards1,556
 13
 13
 
 1,582
Total consumer loans64,768
 1,104
 1,398
 434
 67,704
Total LHFI
$139,956
 
$1,146
 
$1,405
 
$674
 
$143,181
1 2Includes $196Includes $168 million of loans measured at fair value, the majority of which were accruing current.
23 NonaccruingGuaranteed loans are not placed on nonaccruing regardless of delinquency status because collection of principal and interest is reasonably assured by the government. 


 December 31, 2017
 Accruing    
(Dollars in millions)Current 
30-89 Days
Past Due
 
90+ Days
Past Due
 
 Nonaccruing 1
 Total
Commercial loans:         
C&I
$66,092
 
$42
 
$7
 
$215
 
$66,356
CRE5,293
 
 
 24
 5,317
Commercial construction3,803
 
 
 1
 3,804
Total commercial LHFI75,188
 42
 7
 240
 75,477
Consumer loans:         
Residential mortgages - guaranteed159
 55
 346
 
3 
560
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed 2
26,778
 148
 4
 206
 27,136
Residential home equity products10,348
 75
 
 203
 10,626
Residential construction280
 7
 
 11
 298
Guaranteed student4,946
 659
 1,028
 
3 
6,633
Other direct8,679
 36
 7
 7
 8,729
Indirect12,022
 111
 
 7
 12,140
Credit cards1,556
 13
 13
 
 1,582
Total consumer LHFI64,768
 1,104
 1,398
 434
 67,704
Total LHFI
$139,956
 
$1,146
 
$1,405
 
$674
 
$143,181
1 Includes nonaccruing LHFI past due 90 days or more totaledof $357 million. Nonaccruing loansLHFI past due fewer than 90 days include nonaccrual loans modified in TDRs, performing second lien loans where the first lien loan is nonperforming, and certain energy-related commercial loans.
2 Includes $196 million of loans measured at fair value, the majority of which were accruing current.
3 Guaranteed loans are not placed on nonaccruing regardless of delinquency status because collection of principal and interest is reasonably assured by the government.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued




Impaired Loans
A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due, including principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the agreement. Commercial nonaccrual loans greater than $3 million and certain commercial and consumer loans whose terms have been modified in a TDR are individually evaluated for
 
impairment. Smaller-balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and loans measured at fair value are not included in the following tables. Additionally, the following tables exclude guaranteed student loans and guaranteed residential mortgages for which there was nominal risk of principal loss due to the government guarantee.

March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
(Dollars in millions)
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
 Carrying 1
Value
 
Related
ALLL
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
 Carrying 1
Value
 
Related
ALLL
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
 Carrying 1
Value
 
Related
ALLL
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
 Carrying 1
Value
 
Related
ALLL
Impaired LHFI with no ALLL recorded:Impaired LHFI with no ALLL recorded:          Impaired LHFI with no ALLL recorded:          
Commercial loans:                      
C&I
$28
 
$20
 
$—
 
$38
 
$35
 
$—

$51
 
$32
 
$—
 
$38
 
$35
 
$—
CRE21
 21
 
 
 
 
21
 20
 
 
 
 
Total commercial loans with no ALLL recorded49
 41
 
 38
 35
 
Total commercial LHFI with no ALLL recorded72
 52
 
 38
 35
 
Consumer loans:                      
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed453
 355
 
 458
 363
 
483
 378
 
 458
 363
 
Residential construction12
 6
 
 15
 9
 
12
 6
 
 15
 9
 
Total consumer loans with no ALLL recorded465
 361
 
 473
 372
 
Total consumer LHFI with no ALLL recorded495
 384
 
 473
 372
 
                      
Impaired LHFI with an ALLL recorded:                      
Commercial loans:                      
C&I157
 149
 22
 127
 117
 19
189
 165
 26
 127
 117
 19
CRE25
 21
 
 21
 21
 2
25
 21
 2
 21
 21
 2
Total commercial loans with an ALLL recorded182
 170
 22
 148
 138
 21
Total commercial LHFI with an ALLL recorded214
 186
 28
 148
 138
 21
Consumer loans:                      
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed1,112
 1,087
 107
 1,133
 1,103
 113
1,049
 1,027
 101
 1,133
 1,103
 113
Residential home equity products927
 871
 52
 953
 895
 54
873
 821
 49
 953
 895
 54
Residential construction91
 89
 7
 93
 90
 7
83
 81
 6
 93
 90
 7
Other direct57
 58
 1
 59
 59
 1
57
 57
 1
 59
 59
 1
Indirect129
 128
 6
 123
 122
 7
131
 131
 6
 123
 122
 7
Credit cards27
 7
 1
 26
 7
 1
29
 8
 1
 26
 7
 1
Total consumer loans with an ALLL recorded2,343
 2,240
 174
 2,387
 2,276
 183
Total consumer LHFI with an ALLL recorded2,222
 2,125
 164
 2,387
 2,276
 183
Total impaired LHFI
$3,039
 
$2,812
 
$196
 
$3,046
 
$2,821
 
$204

$3,003
 
$2,747
 
$192
 
$3,046
 
$2,821
 
$204
1 Carrying value reflects charge-offs that have been recognized plus other amounts that have been applied to adjust the net book balance.


Included in the impaired LHFI carrying values above at both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were $2.3 billion and $2.4 billion of accruing TDRs, of which 98%97% and 96% were current, respectively. See Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies,” to the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information regarding the Company’s loan impairment policy.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued





Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017
(Dollars in millions)
Average
Carrying
Value
 
 Interest 1
Income
Recognized
 
Average
Carrying
Value
 
 Interest 1
Income
Recognized
Average
Carrying Value
 
 Interest 1
Income
Recognized
 
Average
Carrying Value
 
 Interest 1
Income
Recognized
 
Average
Carrying
Value
 
 Interest 1
Income
Recognized
 
Average
Carrying
Value
 
 Interest 1
Income
Recognized
Impaired LHFI with no ALLL recorded:Impaired LHFI with no ALLL recorded:      Impaired LHFI with no ALLL recorded:      
Commercial loans:                      
C&I
$20
 
$—
 
$240
 
$1

$44
 
$—
 
$70
 
$—
 
$45
 
$1
 
$81
 
$—
CRE21
 
 
 
20
 
 
 
 20
 
 
 
Total commercial loans with no ALLL recorded41
 
 240
 1
Total commercial LHFI with no ALLL recorded64
 
 70
 
 65
 1
 81
 
Consumer loans:                      
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed353
 4
 360
 4
381
 4
 364
 4
 386
 11
 361
 11
Residential construction6
 
 8
 
7
 
 9
 
 7
 
 9
 
Total consumer loans with no ALLL recorded359
 4
 368
 4
Total consumer LHFI with no ALLL recorded388
 4
 373
 4
 393
 11
 370
 11
                      
Impaired LHFI with an ALLL recorded:       Impaired LHFI with an ALLL recorded:            
Commercial loans:                      
C&I149
 1
 165
 1
177
 
 150
 
 176
 3
 145
 2
CRE25
 
 17
 
21
 
 
 
 22
 
 
 
Total commercial loans with an ALLL recorded174
 1
 182
 1
Total commercial LHFI with an ALLL recorded198
 
 150
 
 198
 3
 145
 2
Consumer loans:                      
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed1,093
 12
 1,216
 15
1,027
 13
 1,135
 14
 1,031
 39
 1,146
 45
Residential home equity products873
 9
 833
 8
824
 9
 890
 8
 833
 27
 901
 24
Residential construction90
 1
 105
 1
80
 1
 96
 2
 82
 4
 98
 4
Other direct57
 1
 58
 1
57
 1
 58
 1
 58
 3
 59
 3
Indirect131
 2
 108
 1
134
 2
 120
 2
 141
 5
 128
 4
Credit cards7
 
 6
 
8
 
 6
 
 8
 1
 6
 1
Total consumer loans with an ALLL recorded2,251
 25
 2,326
 26
Total consumer LHFI with an ALLL recorded2,130
 26
 2,305
 27
 2,153
 79
 2,338
 81
Total impaired LHFI
$2,825
 
$30
 
$3,116
 
$32

$2,780
 
$30
 
$2,898
 
$31
 
$2,809
 
$94
 
$2,934
 
$94
1 Of the interest income recognized during each of the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, cash basis interest income was less than $1 million.immaterial.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued




NPAs are presented in the following table:

(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Nonaccrual loans/NPLs:   
Commercial loans:   
NPAs:   
Commercial NPLs:   
C&I
$216
 
$215

$256
 
$215
CRE46
 24
43
 24
Commercial construction
 1

 1
Consumer loans:   
Consumer NPLs:   
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed253
 206
225
 206
Residential home equity products169
 203
149
 203
Residential construction16
 11
9
 11
Other direct8
 7
7
 7
Indirect4
 7
6
 7
Total nonaccrual loans/NPLs 1
712
 674
695
 674
OREO 2
59
 57
52
 57
Other repossessed assets7
 10
7
 10
Total NPAs
$778
 
$741

$754
 
$741
1 Nonaccruing restructured loans are included in total nonaccrual loans/NPLs.
2 Does not include foreclosed real estate related to loans insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA. Proceeds due from the FHA and the VA are recorded as a receivable in Other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets until the property is conveyed and the funds are received. The receivable related to proceeds due from the FHA and the VA totaled $43$49 million and $45 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.



The Company's recorded investment of nonaccruing loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $81$89 million and $73 million, respectively. The Company's recorded investment of accruing loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $106$108 million and $101 million, of which $99$100 million and $97 million were insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA, respectively.
 
At March 31,September 30, 2018, OREO included $54$49 million of foreclosed residential real estate properties and $3$2 million of foreclosed commercial real estate properties, with the remaining $2$1 million related to land.
At December 31, 2017, OREO included $51 million of foreclosed residential real estate properties and $4 million of foreclosed commercial real estate properties, with the remaining $2 million related to land.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued




Restructured Loans
A TDR is a loan for which the Company has granted an economic concession to a borrower in response to financial difficulty experienced by the borrower, which the Company would not have considered otherwise. When a loan is modified under the terms of a TDR, the Company typically offers the borrower an extension of the loan maturity date and/or a reduction in the original contractual interest rate. In limited situations, the Company may offer to restructure a loan in a manner that
 
ultimately results in the forgiveness of a contractually specified principal balance.
At both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had $2 millionan immaterial amount of commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in a TDR. The number and carrying value of loans modified under the terms of a TDR, by type of modification, are presented in the following tables:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 1
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 1
(Dollars in millions)Number of Loans Modified Rate Modification Term Extension and/or Other Concessions TotalNumber of Loans Modified Rate Modification Term Extension and/or Other Concessions Total
Commercial loans:              
C&I46
 
$—
 
$56
 
$56
47
 
$—
 
$16
 
$16
Consumer loans:              
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed61
 9
 8
 17
48
 3
 7
 10
Residential home equity products136
 
 13
 13
130
 1
 11
 12
Other direct114
 
 1
 1
141
 
 2
 2
Indirect778
 
 20
 20
559
 
 14
 14
Credit cards308
 1
 1
 2
345
 1
 
 1
Total TDR additions1,443
 
$10
 
$99
 
$109
1,270
 
$5
 
$50
 
$55
1 Includes loans modified under the terms of a TDR that were charged-off during the period.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 1
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 1
(Dollars in millions)Number of Loans Modified Rate Modification Term Extension and/or Other Concessions TotalNumber of Loans Modified Rate Modification Term Extension and/or Other Concessions Total
Commercial loans:              
C&I30
 
$—
 
$41
 
$41
122
 
$—
 
$75
 
$75
Consumer loans:              
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed34
 4
 2
 6
267
 18
 46
 64
Residential home equity products655
 1
 66
 67
410
 1
 34
 35
Residential construction4
 
 
 
Other direct110
 
 1
 1
469
 
 6
 6
Indirect547
 
 14
 14
1,954
 
 46
 46
Credit cards235
 1
 
 1
1,079
 4
 
 4
Total TDR additions1,611
 
$6
 
$124
 
$130
4,305
 
$23
 
$207
 
$230
1 Includes loans modified under the terms of a TDR that were charged-off during the period.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 1
(Dollars in millions)Number of Loans Modified Rate Modification Term Extension and/or Other Concessions Total
Commercial loans:       
C&I76
 
$2
 
$7
 
$9
Consumer loans:       
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed41
 6
 4
 10
Residential home equity products696
 18
 45
 63
Other direct135
 
 2
 2
Indirect738
 
 17
 17
Credit cards182
 1
 
 1
Total TDR additions1,868
 
$27
 
$75
 
$102
1 Includes loans modified under the terms of a TDR that were charged-off during the period.

 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 1
(Dollars in millions)Number of Loans Modified Rate Modification Term Extension and/or Other Concessions Total
Commercial loans:       
C&I136
 
$2
 
$86
 
$88
Consumer loans:       
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed119
 17
 8
 25
Residential home equity products1,971
 18
 172
 190
Other direct425
 
 6
 6
Indirect2,034
 
 50
 50
Credit cards615
 3
 
 3
Total TDR additions5,300
 
$40
 
$322
 
$362
1 Includes loans modified under the terms of a TDR that were charged-off during the period.

TDRs that defaulted during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, which were first modified within the previous 12 months, were immaterial. The majority of loans that were modified under the terms of a TDR and subsequently became 90 days or more delinquent have remained on nonaccrual status since the time of delinquency.

Concentrations of Credit Risk
The Company does not have a significant concentration of credit risk to any individual client except for the U.S. government and its agencies. However, a geographic concentration arises because the Company operates primarily withinmajority of the Company's LHFI portfolio represents borrowers that reside in Florida, Georgia, Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina. The Company’s total cross-border outstanding loans weretotaled $1.4 billion at both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
 
With respect to collateral concentration, the Company's recorded investment in residential real estate secured LHFI totaled $38.3$38.5 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and represented 27%26% of total LHFI. At December 31, 2017, the Company's recorded investment in residential real estate secured LHFI totaled $38.6 billion and represented 27% of total LHFI. Additionally, at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had $10.2 billion and $10.1 billion in commitments to extend credit on home equity lines of $10.2 billion and $3.4$10.1 billion, and had residential mortgage commitments outstanding of $3.8 billion and $3.0 billion, in residential mortgage commitments outstanding, respectively. At March 31,both September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, 2% and 1%, respectively, of the Company's LHFI secured by residential real estate secured LHFI werewas insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



NOTE 7 - ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The allowance for credit losses consists of the ALLL and the unfunded commitments reserve. Activity in the allowance for credit losses by loan segment is summarizedpresented in the following table:tables:
 Three Months Ended March 31
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017
Balance, beginning of period
$1,814
 
$1,776
Provision for loan losses38
 117
Provision for unfunded commitments(10) 2
Loan charge-offs(106) (146)
Loan recoveries27
 34
Balance, end of period
$1,763
 
$1,783
    
Components:   
ALLL
$1,694
 
$1,714
Unfunded commitments reserve 1
69
 69
Allowance for credit losses
$1,763
 
$1,783
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
(Dollars in millions)Commercial Consumer Total Commercial Consumer Total
ALLL, beginning of period
$1,068
 
$582
 
$1,650
 
$1,101
 
$634
 
$1,735
Provision for loan losses36
 25
 61
 37
 91
 128
Loan charge-offs(51) (71) (122) (95) (234) (329)
Loan recoveries9
 25
 34
 19
 70
 89
ALLL, end of period1,062
 561
 1,623
 1,062
 561
 1,623
            
Unfunded commitments reserve, beginning of period 1
72
 
 72
 79
 
 79
Benefit for unfunded commitments
 
 
 (7) 
 (7)
Unfunded commitments reserve, end of period 1
72
 
 72
 72
 
 72
            
Allowance for credit losses, end of period
$1,134
 
$561
 
$1,695
 
$1,134
 
$561
 
$1,695
1 The unfunded commitments reserve is recorded in Other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Activity
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
(Dollars in millions)Commercial Consumer Total Commercial Consumer Total
ALLL, beginning of period
$1,140
 
$591
 
$1,731
 
$1,124
 
$585
 
$1,709
Provision for loan losses5
 114
 119
 89
 235
 324
Loan charge-offs(33) (76) (109) (122) (235) (357)
Loan recoveries11
 20
 31
 32
 64
 96
ALLL, end of period1,123
 649
 1,772
 1,123
 649
 1,772
            
Unfunded commitments reserve, beginning of period 1
72
 
 72
 67
 
 67
Provision for unfunded commitments1
 
 1
 6
 
 6
Unfunded commitments reserve, end of period 1
73
 
 73
 73
 
 73
            
Allowance for credit losses, end of period
$1,196
 
$649
 
$1,845
 
$1,196
 
$649
 
$1,845
1 The unfunded commitments reserve is recorded in Other liabilities in the ALLL by loan segment is presented in the following tables:
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(Dollars in millions)
Commercial
Loans
 
Consumer
Loans
 Total
Balance, beginning of period
$1,101
 
$634
 
$1,735
Provision for loan losses(16) 54
 38
Loan charge-offs(23) (83) (106)
Loan recoveries6
 21
 27
Balance, end of period
$1,068
 
$626
 
$1,694
      
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
(Dollars in millions)
Commercial
Loans
 
Consumer
Loans
 Total
Balance, beginning of period
$1,124
 
$585
 
$1,709
Provision for loan losses46
 71
 117
Loan charge-offs(63) (83) (146)
Loan recoveries13
 21
 34
Balance, end of period
$1,120
 
$594
 
$1,714
Consolidated Balance Sheets.

As discussed in Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies,” to the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, the ALLL is composed of both specific allowances for certain nonaccrual loans and TDRs, and general allowances for groups of loans with similar risk characteristics. No allowance is required for loans
 
measured at fair value. Additionally, the Company records an immaterial allowance for loan products that are insured by federal agencies or guaranteed by GSEs, as there is nominal risk of principal loss.


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



The Company’s LHFI portfolio and related ALLL isare presented in the following tables:
March 31, 2018September 30, 2018
Commercial Loans Consumer Loans TotalCommercial Loans Consumer Loans Total
(Dollars in millions)
Carrying
Value
 
Related
ALLL
 
Carrying
Value
 Related
ALLL
 
Carrying
Value
 Related
ALLL
Carrying
Value
 
Related
ALLL
 
Carrying
Value
 Related
ALLL
 
Carrying
Value
 Related
ALLL
LHFI evaluated for impairment:                      
Individually evaluated
$211
 
$22
 
$2,601
 
$174
 
$2,812
 
$196

$238
 
$28
 
$2,509
 
$164
 
$2,747
 
$192
Collectively evaluated75,113
 1,046
 64,505
 452
 139,618
 1,498
77,720
 1,034
 66,580
 397
 144,300
 1,431
Total evaluated75,324
 1,068
 67,106
 626
 142,430
 1,694
77,958
 1,062
 69,089
 561
 147,047
 1,623
LHFI measured at fair value
 
 188
 
 188
 

 
 168
 
 168
 
Total LHFI
$75,324
 
$1,068
 
$67,294
 
$626
 
$142,618
 
$1,694

$77,958
 
$1,062
 
$69,257
 
$561
 
$147,215
 
$1,623

 December 31, 2017
 Commercial Loans Consumer Loans Total
(Dollars in millions)Carrying
Value
 
Related
ALLL
 Carrying
Value
 Related
ALLL
 Carrying
Value
 Related
ALLL
LHFI evaluated for impairment:           
Individually evaluated
$173
 
$21
 
$2,648
 
$183
 
$2,821
 
$204
Collectively evaluated75,304
 1,080
 64,860
 451
 140,164
 1,531
Total evaluated75,477
 1,101
 67,508
 634
 142,985
 1,735
LHFI measured at fair value
 
 196
 
 196
 
Total LHFI
$75,477
 
$1,101
 
$67,704
 
$634
 
$143,181
 
$1,735



NOTE 8 – GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
The Company conducts a goodwill impairment test at the reporting unit level at least annually, or more frequently as events occur or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," to the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Company's goodwill accounting policy.
In the first, quartersecond, and third quarters of 2018, the Company performed a qualitative goodwill assessmentassessments on its Consumer and Wholesale reporting units, considering changes in key assumptions as well
as other events and circumstances occurring since the most recent annual goodwill impairment test performed as of October 1, 2017. The Company concluded, based on the totality of factors observed, that it is not more-likely-than-not
that the fair values of its reportable segments are less than their respective carrying values. Accordingly, goodwill was not required to be quantitatively tested for impairment during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018.
In the second quarter of 2018, certain business banking clients were transferred from the Wholesale segment to the Consumer segment, resulting in the reallocation of $128 million in goodwill. See Note 18, "Business Segment Reporting," for additional information. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 are presented in the following table. There were no material changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the threenine months ended March 31, 2018 andSeptember 30, 2017.

(Dollars in millions)Consumer Wholesale Total
Balance, January 1, 2018
$4,262
 
$2,069
 
$6,331
Reallocation related to intersegment transfer of business banking clients128
 (128) 
Balance, September 30, 2018
$4,390
 
$1,941
 
$6,331

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Other Intangible Assets
Changes in the carrying amountsamount of other intangible assets for the three months ended March 31 are presented in the following table:
(Dollars in millions)Residential MSRs - Fair Value Commercial Mortgage Servicing Rights and Other TotalResidential MSRs - Fair Value Commercial Mortgage Servicing Rights and Other Total
Balance, January 1, 2018
$1,710
 
$81
 
$1,791

$1,710
 
$81
 
$1,791
Amortization 1

 (5) (5)
 (13) (13)
Servicing rights originated76
 4
 80
250
 10
 260
Servicing rights purchased74
 
 74
89
 
 89
Changes in fair value:    
    
Due to changes in inputs and assumptions 2
111
 
 111
198
 
 198
Other changes in fair value 3
(55) 
 (55)(183) 
 (183)
Balance, March 31, 2018
$1,916
 
$80
 
$1,996
Servicing rights sold(2) 
 (2)
Balance, September 30, 2018
$2,062
 
$78
 
$2,140
          
Balance, January 1, 2017
$1,572
 
$85
 
$1,657

$1,572
 
$85
 
$1,657
Amortization 1

 (5) (5)
 (16) (16)
Servicing rights originated96
 5
 101
252
 10
 262
Changes in fair value:    

    

Due to changes in inputs and assumptions 2
27
 
 27
(27) 
 (27)
Other changes in fair value 3
(50) 
 (50)(168) 
 (168)
Servicing rights sold(1) 
 (1)
Other 4

 (1) (1)
 (1) (1)
Balance, March 31, 2017
$1,645
 
$84
 
$1,729
Balance, September 30, 2017
$1,628
 
$78
 
$1,706
1 Does not include expense associated with non-qualified community development investments. See Note 10, "Certain Transfers of Financial Assets and Variable Interest Entities," for additional information.
2 Primarily reflects changes in option adjusted spreads and prepayment speed assumptions, due to changes in interest rates.
3 Represents changes due to the collection of expected cash flows, net of accretion due to the passage of time.
4 Represents measurement period adjustment on other intangible assets acquired previously in the Pillar acquisition.


The gross carrying value and accumulated amortization of other intangible assets are presented in the following table:
March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
(Dollars in millions)Gross Carrying Value Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Value Gross Carrying Value Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying ValueGross Carrying Value Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Value Gross Carrying Value Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Value
Amortized other intangible assets 1:
                      
Commercial mortgage servicing rights
$83
 
($19) 
$64
 
$79
 
($14) 
$65

$89
 
($25) 
$64
 
$79
 
($14) 
$65
Other (definite-lived)17
 (13) 4
 32
 (28) 4
Other19
 (17) 2
 32
 (28) 4
Unamortized other intangible assets:                      
Residential MSRs (carried at fair value)1,916
 
 1,916
 1,710
 
 1,710
Other (indefinite-lived)12
 
 12
 12
 
 12
Residential MSRs2,062
 
 2,062
 1,710
 
 1,710
Other12
 
 12
 12
 
 12
Total other intangible assets
$2,028
 
($32) 
$1,996
 
$1,833
 
($42) 
$1,791

$2,182
 
($42) 
$2,140
 
$1,833
 
($42) 
$1,791
1 Excludes fully amortized other intangible assets.assets that are indefinite-lived, carried at fair value, or fully amortized.

Servicing Rights
The Company acquires servicing rights and retains servicing rights for certain of its sales or securitizations of residential mortgages and commercial loans. Servicing rights on residential and commercial mortgages are the only material servicing assets capitalized by the Company and are classified as Other intangible assets on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Residential Mortgage Servicing Rights
Income earned by the Company on its residential MSRs is derived primarily from contractually specified mortgage servicing fees and late fees, net of curtailment costs. Such incomecosts, and is presented in the following table.
 
earned for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 totaled $107 million and $101 million, respectively. These amounts are reported
 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017
Income from residential MSRs 1

$108
 
$100
 
$322
 
$301
1 Recognized in Mortgage servicing related income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the total
The UPB of residential mortgage loans serviced was $164.7 billion and $165.5 billion, respectively. Included in these amounts at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were $135.3 billion and $136.1 billion, respectively, of loans serviced for third parties. The Company purchased MSRs on residential loans with a UPB of $5.9 billion duringparties is presented in the three months ended March 31, 2018;following table:
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
UPB of loans underlying residential MSRs
$139,955
 
$136,071
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



however, theseThe Company purchased MSRs on residential loans with a UPB of $7.0 billion during the nine months ended September 30, 2018; $5.9 billion of which are not reflected in the UPB amounts above asand the transfer of servicing for the remainder is scheduled for the secondfourth quarter of 2018. No MSRs on residential loans were purchased during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company sold MSRs on residential loans, at a price approximating their fair value, with a UPB of $102$781 million and $64$350 million, respectively.
The Company measures the fair value of its residential MSRs using a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income using prepayment projections, spreads, and other assumptions. The Consumer Valuation Committee reviews and approves all significant assumption changes at least quarterly, evaluating these inputs compared toannually, drawing upon various market and empirical data sources. Changes to valuation model inputs are reflected in the periods' results. See Note 16, “Fair Value Election and Measurement,” for further information regarding the Company's residential MSR valuation methodology.
A summary of the keysignificant unobservable inputs used to estimate the fair value of the Company’s residential MSRs at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and the sensitivityuncertainty of the fair values in response to immediate 10% and 20% adverse changes in those inputs at the reporting date, are presented in the following table.
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Fair value of residential MSRs
$1,916
 
$1,710

$2,062
 
$1,710
Prepayment rate assumption (annual)13% 13%12% 13%
Decline in fair value from 10% adverse change
$89
 
$85

$91
 
$85
Decline in fair value from 20% adverse change169
 160
173
 160
Option adjusted spread (annual)4% 4%3% 4%
Decline in fair value from 10% adverse change
$53
 
$47

$52
 
$47
Decline in fair value from 20% adverse change101
 90
100
 90
Weighted-average life (in years)5.6
 5.4
5.8
 5.4
Weighted-average coupon4.0% 3.9%4.0% 3.9%
These residentialResidential MSR sensitivitiesuncertainties are hypothetical and should be used with caution. Changes in fair value based on variations in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because (i) the relationship of the change in an assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear and (ii) changes in one assumption may result in changes in another, which might magnify or counteract the sensitivities.uncertainties. The sensitivitiesuncertainties do not reflect the effect of hedging activity undertaken by the Company to offset changes in the fair value of MSRs. See Note 15, “Derivative Financial Instruments,” for further information regarding these hedging activities.
Commercial Mortgage Servicing Rights
Income earned by the Company on its commercial mortgage servicing rights is derived primarily from contractually specified servicing fees and other ancillary fees, and is reported in
Commercial real estate related income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Such income earned for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 totaled $7 million and $5 million, respectively.
fees. The Company also earns income from subservicing certain third party commercial mortgages for which the Company does not record servicing rights, which is reported
rights. The following table presents the Company's income earned from servicing commercial mortgages.
 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017
Income from commercial mortgage servicing rights 1

$5
 
$6
 
$20
 
$17
Income from subservicing third party commercial mortgages 1
3
 3
 9
 11
1 Recognized in Commercial real estate related income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Such income earned for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 totaled $3 million and $4 million, respectively.
At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the total
The UPB of commercial mortgage loans serviced for third parties was $31.1 billion and $30.1 billion, respectively. Includedis presented in these amounts at both March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were $5.8 billion of loans serviced for third parties for which the Company records servicing rights, and $25.3 billion and $24.3 billion, respectively, of loans subserviced for third parties for which the Company does not record servicing rights. following table:
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
UPB of commercial mortgages subserviced for third parties
$26,206
 
$24,294
UPB of loans underlying commercial mortgage servicing rights6,039
 5,760
Total UPB of commercial mortgages serviced for third parties
$32,245
 
$30,054

No commercial mortgage servicing rights were purchased or sold during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017.
Commercial mortgage servicing rights are accounted for at amortized cost and are monitored for impairment on an ongoing basis. The Company calculates the fair value of commercial servicing rights based on the present value of estimated future net servicing income, considering prepayment projections and other assumptions. Impairment, if any, is recognized when the carrying value of the servicing asset exceeds the fair value at the measurement date. The amortized cost of the Company's commercial mortgage servicing rights werewas $64 million and $65 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
A summary of the keysignificant unobservable inputs used to estimate the fair value of the Company’s commercial mortgage servicing rights at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and the sensitivityuncertainty of the fair values in response to immediate 10% and 20% adverse changes in those inputs at the reporting date, are presented in the following table.
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Fair value of commercial mortgage servicing rights
$76
 
$75

$77
 
$75
Discount rate (annual)12% 12%12% 12%
Decline in fair value from 10% adverse change
$3
 
$3

$3
 
$3
Decline in fair value from 20% adverse change6
 6
6
 6
Prepayment rate assumption (annual)6% 7%6% 7%
Decline in fair value from 10% adverse change
$1
 
$1

$1
 
$1
Decline in fair value from 20% adverse change2
 2
2
 2
Weighted-average life (in years)7.2
 7.0
7.8
 7.0
Float earnings rate (annual)1.1% 1.1%1.1% 1.1%

As with residential MSRs, these commercialCommercial mortgage servicing right sensitivitiesuncertainties are hypothetical and should be used with caution.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



NOTE 9 - OTHER ASSETS
The components of other assets are presented in the following table:
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values:   
Mutual fund investments 1

$135
 
$49
Other equity 1
8
 7
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values:   
FHLB of Atlanta stock 1
15
 15
Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta stock 1
403
 403
Other equity52
 26
Equity securities 1:
   
Marketable equity securities 2:
   
Mutual fund investments
$65
 
$49
Other equity 3
27
 7
Nonmarketable equity securities:   
Federal Reserve Bank stock 2
403
 403
FHLB stock 2
142
 15
Other equity 3
50
 26
Lease assets1,567
 1,528
2,110
 1,528
Tax credit investments 4
1,583
 1,272
Bank-owned life insurance1,402
 1,411
1,619
 1,411
Community development investments 2
1,383
 1,331
Accrued income936
 880
1,059
 880
Accounts receivable768
 2,201
669
 2,201
Pension assets, net476
 464
518
 464
Prepaid expenses279
 319
248
 319
OREO59
 57
52
 57
Other796
 727
887
 786
Total other assets
$8,279
 
$9,418

$9,432
 
$9,418
1Equity securities held for trading purposes are classified in Trading assets and derivative instruments or Trading liabilities and derivative instruments on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.
2 Beginning January 1, 2018, the Company reclassified equity securities previously presented in Securities available for sale to Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Reclassifications have been made to previously reported amounts for comparability.
2 3 During the second quarter of 2018, the Company reclassified $22 million of equity securities from nonmarketable to marketable equity securities due to readily determinable fair value information observed in active markets.
4See Note 10, "Certain Transfers of Financial Assets and Variable Interest Entities," for additional information.
Equity Securities Not Classified as Trading Assets or Liabilities
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values (marketable) that are not held for trading purposes are recorded at fair value and include mutual fund investments and other publicly traded equity securities.
PursuantEquity securities without readily determinable fair values (nonmarketable) that are not held for trading purposes include Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta and FHLB of Atlanta capital stock, both held at cost, as well as other equity securities that the Company elected to account for under the measurement alternative, pursuant to its adoption of ASU 2016-01 on January 1, 2018, the Company elected the measurement alternative for measuring
its other equity securities without readily determinable fair values. As reflected in the preceding table, the carrying amount of these other equity securities was $52 million and $26 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, an observable transaction occurred relating to these equity securities, which resulted in a remeasurement gain of $23 million recognized in Other noninterest income in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. There were no remeasurement losses on these equity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2018. See the “Equity Securities” and “Accounting Pronouncements” sections of Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies,” for additional information on the Company's adoption of ASU 2016-01 and for policy updates related to equity securities.
The following table summarizes net gains/(losses) for equity securities not classified as trading assets:
(Dollars in millions)Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Net (losses)/gains from marketable equity securities 1

($4) 
$10
Net gains/(losses) from nonmarketable equity securities:   
Remeasurement losses and impairment
 
Remeasurement gains 1
7
 30
Less: Net realized gains from sale
 
Total net unrealized gains from non-trading equity securities
$3
 
$40
1 Recognized in Other noninterest income in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.
Lease Assets
Lease assets consist primarily of operating leases in which the Company is the lessor. In these scenarios, the Company leases assets and receives periodic rental payments. Depreciation on the leased asset is recognized over the term of the operating lease. Any impairment on the leased asset is recognized to the extent that the carrying value of the asset is not recoverable and is greater than its fair value.
Bank-Owned Life Insurance
Bank-owned life insurance consists of life insurance policies held on certain employees for which the Company is the beneficiary. These policies provide the Company an efficient form of funding for long-term retirement and other employee benefits costs.
Accrued Income
Accrued income consists primarily of interest and other income accrued on the Company's LHFI. Interest income on loans, except those classified as nonaccrual, is accrued based upon the outstanding principal amounts using the effective yield method. See Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies,” to the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding the Company's accounting policy for loans.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable consists primarily of receivables from brokers, dealers, and customers related to pending loan trades, unsettled trades of securities, loan-related advances, and investment securities income due but not received. Additionally, includes proceeds due from the FHA and the VA on foreclosed real estate related to loans insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA.
Pension Assets
Pension assets (net) represent the funded status of the Company's overfunded pension and other postretirement benefits plans, measured as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligation at period end.


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



NOTE 10 - CERTAIN TRANSFERS OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
The Company has transferred loans and securities in sale or securitization transactions for which the Company retains certain beneficial interests, servicing rights, and/or recourse. These transfers of financial assets include certain residential mortgage loans, guaranteed student loans, and commercial and corporate loans, as discussed in the following section, "Transfers of Financial Assets." Cash receipts on beneficial interests held related to these transfers were immaterial for botheach of the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017.
When a transfer or other transaction occurs with a VIE, the Company first determines whether it has a VI in the VIE. A VI is typically in the form of securities representing retained interests in transferred assets and, at times, servicing rights, and for commercial mortgage loans sold to Fannie Mae, the loss share guarantee. See Note 14, “Guarantees,” for further discussion of the Company's loss share guarantee. When determining whether to consolidate the VIE, the Company evaluates whether it is a primary beneficiary which has both (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE, and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses, or the right to receive benefits, that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
To determine whether a transfer should be accounted for as a sale or a secured borrowing, the Company evaluates whether: (i) the transferred assets are legally isolated, (ii) the transferee has the right to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (iii) the Company has relinquished effective control of the transferred assets. If all three conditions are met, then the transfer is accounted for as a sale.
Except as specifically noted herein, the Company is not required to provide additional financial support to any of the entities to which the Company has transferred financial assets, nor has the Company provided any support it was not otherwise obligated to provide. No events occurred during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 that changed the Company’s previous conclusions regarding whether it is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs described herein. Furthermore, no events occurred during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 that changed the Company’s sale conclusion with regards to previously transferred residential mortgage loans, guaranteed student loans, or commercial and corporate loans.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Transfers of Financial Assets
The following discussion summarizes transfers of financial assets to entities for which the Company has retained some level of continuing involvement.
Consumer Loans
Residential Mortgage Loans
The Company typically transfers first lien residential mortgage loans in conjunction with Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac securitization transactions, whereby the loans are exchanged for cash or securities that are readily redeemable for cash, and servicing rights are retained.
The Company sold residential mortgage loans to Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac, which resulted in pre-tax net lossesgains of $13$46 million and $4$53 million for the three and nine
months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, and pre-tax net gains of $73 million and $152 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. Net gains/losses on the sale of residential mortgage LHFS are recorded at inception of the associated IRLCs and reflect the change in value of the loans resulting from changes in interest rates from the time the Company enters into the related IRLCs with borrowers until the loans are sold, but do not include the results of hedging activities initiated by the Company to mitigate this market risk. See Note 15, "Derivative Financial Instruments," for further discussion of the Company's hedging activities. The Company has made certain representations and warranties with respect to the transfer of these loans. See Note 14, “Guarantees,” for additional information regarding representations and warranties.
In a limited number of securitizations, the Company has received securities in addition to cash in exchange for the transferred loans, while also retaining servicing rights. The securities received are measured at fair value and classified as securities AFS. At March 31,During the second quarter of 2018, and December 31, 2017, the Company sold the majority of these securities for a net gain of $6 million, recognized in Net securities gains on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The fair value of retained securities receivedwas immaterial at September 30, 2018 and totaled $21 million and $22 million respectively.at December 31, 2017.
The Company evaluates securitization entities in which it has a VI for potential consolidation under the VIE consolidation model. Notwithstanding the Company's role as servicer, the Company typically does not have power over the securitization entities as a result of rights held by the master servicer. In certain transactions, the Company does have power as the servicer, but does not have an obligation to absorb losses, or the right to receive benefits, that could potentially be significant. In all such cases, the Company does not consolidate the securitization entity. Total assetsDue to the aforementioned sale of securities AFS in the second quarter of 2018, the Company’s remaining VI in the securitization entity was immaterial at September 30, 2018. Assets of the unconsolidated entities in which the Company has a VI were $142 million andtotaled $147 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.2017.
The Company’s maximum exposure to loss related to these unconsolidated residential mortgage loan securitizations is comprised of the loss of value of any interests it retains, which was $21 millionimmaterial at September 30, 2018 and totaled $22 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, andas well as any repurchase obligations or other losses it incurs as a result of any guarantees related to these securitizations, which is discussed further in Note 14, “Guarantees.”
Guaranteed Student Loans
The Company has securitized government-guaranteed student loans through a transfer of loans to a securitization entity and retained the residual interest in the entity. The Company concluded that this entity should be consolidated because the Company has (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses, and the right to receive benefits, that could potentially be significant. At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company’s Consolidated
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Balance Sheets reflected $185$171 million and $192 million of assets held by the securitization entity and $182$168 million and $189 million of debt issued by the entity, respectively, inclusive of related accrued interest.
To the extent that the securitization entity incurs losses on its assets, the securitization entity has recourse to the guarantor of the underlying loan, which is backed by the Department of Education up to a maximum guarantee of 98%, or in the event of death, disability, or bankruptcy, 100%. When not fully guaranteed, losses reduce the amount of available cash payable to the Company as the owner of the residual interest. To the extent that losses result from a breach of servicing responsibilities, the Company, which functions as the master servicer, may be required to repurchase the defaulted loan(s) at par value. If the breach was caused by the subservicer, the Company would seek reimbursement from the subservicer up to the guaranteed amount. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss related to the securitization entity would arise from a breach of its servicing responsibilities. To date, loss claims filed with the guarantor that have been denied due to servicing errors have either been, or are in the process of being cured, or reimbursement has been
provided to the Company by the subservicer, or in limited cases, absorbed by the Company.
Commercial and Corporate Loans
The Company originates and sells certain commercial mortgage loans to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, originates FHA insured loans, and issues and sells Ginnie Mae commercial MBS secured by FHA insured loans. The Company transferred commercial loans to these Agencies and GSEs, which resulted in pre-tax net gains of $9$8 million and $11$22 million for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, and pre-tax net gains of $9 million and $33 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. The loans are exchanged for cash or securities that are readily redeemable for cash, with servicing rights retained. The Company has made certain representations and warranties with respect to the transfer of these loans and has entered into a loss share guarantee related to certain loans transferred to Fannie Mae. See Note 14, “Guarantees,” for additional information regarding the commercial mortgage loan loss share guarantee.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



The Company's total managed loans, including the LHFI portfolio and other transferred loans (securitized and unsecuritized), are presented in the following table by portfolio balance and delinquency status (accruing loans 90 days or more past due and all nonaccrual loans) at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, as well as the related net charge-offs for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017.
Portfolio Balance Past Due and Nonaccrual Net Charge-offs Portfolio Balance Past Due and Nonaccrual Net Charge-offs 
March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Three Months Ended March 31 September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30 
(Dollars in millions) 2018 2017  2018 2017 2018 2017 
LHFI portfolio:                            
Commercial
$75,324
 
$75,477
 
$271
 
$247
 
$17
 
$50
 
$77,958
 
$75,477
 
$310
 
$247
 
$42
 
$22
 
$76
 
$90
 
Consumer67,294
 67,704
 1,789
 1,832
 62
 62
 69,257
 67,704
 1,867
 1,832
 46
 56
 164
 171
 
Total LHFI portfolio142,618
 143,181
 2,060
 2,079
 79
 112
 147,215
 143,181
 2,177
 2,079
 88
 78
 240
 261
 
Managed securitized loans:                            
Commercial 1
5,798
 5,760
 
 
 
 
 6,039
 5,760
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer133,489
 134,160
 308
 171
 2
2 
3
2 
138,747
 134,160
 226
 171
 1
2 
3
2 
5
2 
7
2 
Total managed securitized loans139,287
 139,920
 308
 171
 2
 3
 144,786
 139,920
 226
 171
 1
 3
 5
 7
 
Managed unsecuritized loans 3
2,089
 2,200
 340
 340
 
 
 1,380
 2,200
 190
 340
 
 
 
 
 
Total managed loans
$283,994
 
$285,301
 
$2,708
 
$2,590
 
$81
 
$115
 
$293,381
 
$285,301
 
$2,593
 
$2,590
 
$89
 
$81
 
$245
 
$268
 
1 Comprised of commercial mortgages sold through Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Ginnie Mae securitizations, whereby servicing has been retained by the Company.
2 Amounts associated with $541$429 million and $602 million of managed securitized loans at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Net charge-off data is not reported to the Company for the remaining balance of $132.9$138.3 billion and $133.6 billion of managed securitized loans at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
3 Comprised of unsecuritized loans the Company originated and sold to private investors with servicing rights retained. Net charge-offs on these loans are not presented in the table as the data is not reported to the Company by the private investors that own these related loans.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Other Variable Interest Entities
In addition to exposure to VIEs arising from transfers of financial assets, the Company also has involvement with VIEs from other business activities.
Tax Credit Investments
The following table provides information related to the Company's investments in tax credit VIEs that it does not consolidate:
 Community Development Investments Renewable Energy Partnerships
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Carrying value of investments 1

$1,515
 
$1,272
 
$68
 
$—
Maximum exposure to loss related to investments 2
2,173
 1,905
 165
 
1
At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the carrying value of community development investments excludes $67 million and $59 million of investments in funds that do not qualify for tax credits, respectively.
2
At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company's maximum exposure to loss related to community development investments includes $484 million and $354 million of loans and $648 million and $627 million of unfunded equity commitments, respectively. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company's maximum exposure to loss related to renewable energy partnerships includes $97 million and $0 of unfunded equity commitments, respectively.


Community Development Investments
The Company invests in multi-family affordable housing partnership developments and other community development entities as a limited partner and/or a lender. The carrying value of these investments is recorded in Other assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company receives tax credits for its limited partner investments, which are recorded in Provision for income taxes in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. Amortization recognized on qualified affordable housing partnerships is recorded in the Provision for income taxes, net of the related tax benefits, in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. Amortization recognized on other community development investments is recorded in Amortization in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company has determined that the majority of the related partnerships are VIEs.
The Company has concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of these investments when it invests as a limited partner and there is a third party general partner. The general partner, or an affiliate of the general partner, often provides guarantees to the limited partner, which protects the Company from construction and operating losses and tax credit allocation deficits. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss would result from the loss of its limited partner investments, net of liabilities, along with loans or interest rate swap exposures related to these investments as well as unfunded equity commitments that the Company is required to fund if certain conditions are met.
The following table presents tax credits and amortization associated with the Company’s investments in community development investments.
 Tax Credits Amortization
 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
Qualified affordable housing partnerships
$28
 
$27
 
$87
 
$77
 
$29
 
$27
 
$92
 
$76
Other community development investments23
 25
 62
 60
 19
 19
 49
 45


Renewable Energy Partnerships
In the second quarter of 2018, the Company began investing in entities that promote renewable energy sources as a limited partner. The carrying value of these renewable energy partnership investments is recorded in Other assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the associated tax credits received for these investments are recorded as a reduction to the carrying value of these investments. The Company has determined that these renewable energy tax credit partnerships are VIEs.
The Company has concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs because it does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIEs' financial performance and therefore, it is not required to consolidate these VIEs. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss related to these investments is comprised of its equity investments in these partnerships and any additional unfunded equity commitments.
Total Return Swaps
At both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the outstanding notional amountsamount of the Company's VIE-facing TRS contracts totaled $1.9 billion and $1.7 billion, and related senior financingloans outstanding to VIEs totaled $1.9 billion and $1.7 billion.billion, respectively. These financings were measured at fair value and classified within Trading assets and derivative instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company entered into client-facing TRS contracts of the same outstanding notional amounts. The notional amounts of the TRS contracts with VIEs represent the Company’s maximum exposure to loss, although this exposure has been mitigated via the TRS contracts with third party clients. For additional information on the Company’s TRS contracts and its involvement with these VIEs, see Note 15, “Derivative Financial Instruments,” as well as Note 10, "Certain Transfers of Financial Assets and Variable Interest Entities," to the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Community Development Investments
As part of its community reinvestment initiatives, the Company invests in multi-family affordable housing developments and other community development entities as a limited partner and/or a debt provider. These investments are recorded in Other assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company receives tax credits for its limited partner investments, which are recorded in the Provision for income taxes in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company has determined that the majority of the related partnerships are VIEs.
The Company has concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of affordable housing partnerships when it invests
as a limited partner and there is a third party general partner. The investments are accounted for in accordance with the accounting guidance for investments in affordable housing projects. The general partner, or an affiliate of the general partner, often provides guarantees to the limited partner, which protects the Company from construction and operating losses and tax credit allocation deficits. Assets of $2.3 billion in these and other community development partnerships were not included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at both March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The Company's limited partner interests had a carrying value of $1.1 billion at both March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss related to these investments totaled $1.4 billion at both March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss would result from the loss of its limited partner investments, net of liabilities, along with $344 million and $350 million of loans or interest-rate swap fair value exposures issued by the Company to the entities at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The remaining exposure to loss is primarily attributable to unfunded equity commitments that the Company is required to fund if certain conditions are met.
The Company also owns noncontrolling interests in funds whose purpose is to invest in community developments. At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company's investment in these funds totaled $317 million and $278 million, respectively. The Company's maximum exposure to loss on its investment in these funds is comprised of its equity investments in the funds, loans issued, and any additional unfunded equity commitments, which totaled $665 million and $643 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized $30 million and $25 million of tax credits for qualified affordable housing projects, and $32 million
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



and $24 million of amortization on these qualified affordable housing projects, respectively. This amortization, net of the related tax benefits, is recorded in the provision for income taxes.
Certain of the Company's community development investments do not qualify as affordable housing projects for accounting purposes. The Company recognized tax credits for
these investments of $18 million and $17 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Amortization recognized on these investments totaled $14 million and $12 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, recorded in Amortization in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.



NOTE 11 – NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE
Reconciliations of net income to net income available to common shareholders and average basic common shares outstanding to average diluted common shares outstanding are presented in the following table.
Equivalent shares of less than 1 million related to common stock options and common stock warrants outstanding at March 31,September 30, 2017 were excluded from the computations of diluted net income per average common share because they would have been anti-dilutive.
Reconciliations of net income to net income available to common shareholders and the difference between average basic common shares outstanding and average diluted common shares outstanding are presented in the following table.
Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017
Net income
$643
 
$468

$752
 
$538
 
$2,117
 
$1,533
Less:          
Preferred stock dividends(31) (17)(26) (26) (81) (65)
Net income available to common shareholders
$612
 
$451

$726
 
$512
 
$2,036
 
$1,468
          
Average common shares outstanding - basic468.7
 490.1
460.3
 478.3
 464.8
 483.7
Add dilutive securities:          
RSUs2.8
 3.2
3.0
 2.9
 2.8
 2.9
Common stock warrants and restricted stock1.4
 1.8
Stock options0.7
 0.9
Common stock warrants, options, and restricted stock0.9
 2.4
 1.4
 2.6
Average common shares outstanding - diluted473.6
 496.0
464.2
 483.6
 469.0
 489.2
          
Net income per average common share - diluted
$1.29
 
$0.91

$1.56
 
$1.06
 
$4.34
 
$3.00
Net income per average common share - basic1.31
 0.92
1.58
 1.07
 4.38
 3.04

NOTE 12 - INCOME TAXES
For the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, the provision for income taxes was $147$95 million and $159$225 million, representing effective tax rates of 19%11% and 25%29%, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the provision for income taxes was $412 million and $606 million, representing effective tax rates of 16% and 28%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 was favorably impacted by a net $4$71 million discrete income tax benefit, while the effective tax rate for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 was favorably impacted by a net $22$26 million discrete income tax benefit related primarily to share-based compensation.
The $71 million net discrete income tax benefit for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 was driven by a $20$55 million tax benefit for the income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act, a $22 million tax benefit for share-based compensation, and a $19an $8 million tax benefit related to the release of certain UTBs due to the expiration of the applicable statute of limitation. These income tax benefits were offset partially by a $14 million discrete tax expense resulting from the merger of the Company's STM and Bank legal entities, which includes the $35 million discrete tax expense in the first quarter of 2018 related to the increase in the valuation allowance recorded for anSTM's state carryforwards and a $21 million discrete tax benefit in the third quarter of 2018 related to the net adjustment of STM’s state DTAs and DTLs upon completion of the merger. The $55 million adjustment for
the income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act reflects the final adjustment to the Company's December 31, 2017 remeasurement of its estimated DTAs and DTLs at the reduced federal corporate income tax rate of 21%. TheseThis adjustment completed the Company's accounting for the income tax benefits were offset largely by a $35 million discrete tax expense related to an increase ineffects of the valuation allowance recorded for STM's state carryforwards. Any additional adjustment to the Company's December 31, 2017 remeasurement of its estimated DTAs and Tax ActDTL.s would be recorded as an adjustment to the
provision for income taxes in 2018 in the period the adjustment amount is determined.
At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had a valuation allowance recorded against its state carryforwards and certain state DTAs of $179$89 million and $143 million, respectively. This increasedecrease in the valuation allowance was due primarily to the impactreversal of the pending mergervaluation allowance that was recorded against certain of STM andSTM's pre-merger state NOL carryforwards that could not be carried forward by the Bank onafter the future realizationmerger. The reversal of STM'sthe valuation allowance was offset by the write-off of the related state NOL carryforwards. See Note 18, “Business Segment Reporting,” for additional information regarding the pending merger of STM and the Bank.
The provision for income taxes includes both federal and state income taxes and differs from the provision using statutory rates due primarily to favorable permanent tax items such as interest income from lending to tax-exempt entities, tax credits, from community reinvestment activities, and amortization expense related to qualified affordable housing investment costs. The Company calculated the provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date pre-tax income and adjusting for discrete items that occurred during the period.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



NOTE 13 - EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
The Company sponsors various compensation and benefit programs to attract and retain talent. Aligned with a pay for performance culture, the Company's plans and programs include short-term incentives, AIP, and various LTI plans. See Note 15,
 
"Employee Benefit Plans," to the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Company's employee benefit plans.

Stock-based compensation expense recognized in Employee compensation in the Consolidated Statements of Income consisted of the following:
Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017
RSUs
$39
 
$34

$21
 
$14
 
$82
 
$64
Phantom stock units 1
17
 24
10
 17
 36
 57
Total stock-based compensation expense
$56
 
$58

$31
 
$31
 
$118
 
$121
          
Stock-based compensation tax benefit 2

$13
 
$22

$8
 
$12
 
$28
 
$46
1 Phantom stock units are settled in cash. TheDuring the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company paid $75$1 million and $76 million, duringrespectively, related to these share-based liabilities. During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018September 30, 2017, the Company paid $2 million and 2017,$79 million, respectively, related to these share-based liabilities.
2 Does not include excess tax benefits or deficiencies recognized in the Provision for income taxes in the Consolidated Statements of Income.


Components of net periodic benefit related to the Company's pension and other postretirement benefits plans are presented in the following table and are recognized in Employee benefits in the Consolidated Statements of Income:
Three Months Ended March 31
Pension Benefits 1
 Other Postretirement Benefits
Pension Benefits 1
 Other Postretirement BenefitsThree Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
Service cost
$1
 
$1
 
$—
 
$—

$1
 
$1
 
$4
 
$4
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
Interest cost23
 24
 
 
23
 24
 68
 71
 
 
 1
 1
Expected return on plan assets(47) (48) (1) (1)(47) (49) (140) (146) (1) (1) (4) (4)
Amortization of prior service credit
 
 (2) (1)
 
 
 
 (2) (1) (5) (4)
Amortization of actuarial loss6
 6
 
 
6
 6
 17
 18
 
 
 
 
Net periodic benefit
($17) 
($17) 
($3) 
($2)
($17) 
($18) 
($51) 
($53) 
($3) 
($2) 
($8) 
($7)
1 Administrative fees are recognized in service cost for each of the periods presented.


In the second quarter of 2017, the Company amended its NCF Retirement Plan in accordance with its decision to terminate the pension plan effective as of July 31, 2017. The Company expects
to reclassify approximately $61 million of pre-tax deferred losses from AOCI into net income upon settlement of the NCF pension plan, terminationwhich is expectedon schedule to be completed by the end of 2018 and2018.
the Company is in process of evaluating the impact of the termination and expected future settlement accounting on its Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



NOTE 14 – GUARANTEES
The Company has undertaken certain guarantee obligations in the ordinary course of business. The issuance of a guarantee imposes an obligation for the Company to stand ready to perform and make future payments should certain triggering events occur. Payments may be in the form of cash, financial instruments, other assets, shares of stock, or through provision of the Company’s services. The following is a discussion of the guarantees that the Company has issued at March 31,September 30, 2018. The Company has also entered into certain contracts that are similar to guarantees, but that are accounted for as derivative instruments as discussed in Note 15, “Derivative Financial Instruments.”

Letters of Credit
Letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company, generally to guarantee the performance of a client to a third party in borrowing arrangements, such as CP, bond financing, or similar transactions. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to clients but may be reduced by selling participations to third parties. The Company issues letters of credit that are classified as financial standby, performance standby, or commercial letters of credit; however, commercial letters of credit are considered guarantees of funding and are not subject to the disclosure requirements of guarantee obligations.
At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the maximum potential exposure to loss related to the Company's issued letters of credit was $2.5$3.1 billion and $2.6 billion, respectively. The Company’s outstanding letters of credit generally have a term of more than one year. Some standby letters of credit are designed to be drawn upon in the normal course of business and others are drawn upon only in circumstances of dispute or default in the underlying transaction to which the Company is not a party. In all cases, the Company is entitled to reimbursement from the client. If a letter of credit is drawn upon and reimbursement is not provided by the client, the Company may take possession of the collateral securing the letter of credit, where applicable.
The Company monitors its credit exposure under standby letters of credit in the same manner as it monitors other extensions of credit in accordance with its credit policies. Consistent with the methodologies used for all commercial borrowers, an internal assessment of the PD and loss severity in the event of default is performed. The management ofCompany's credit risk management for letters of credit leverages the risk rating process to focus greater visibility on higher risk and higher dollar letters of credit. The allowance associated with letters of credit is a component of the unfunded commitments reserve recorded in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and is included in the allowance for credit losses as disclosed in Note 7, “Allowance for Credit Losses.” Additionally, unearned fees relating to letters of credit are recorded in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The net carrying amount of unearned fees was immaterial at both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Loan Sales and Servicing
STM, a consolidated subsidiary of theThe Company originates and purchases residential mortgage loans, a portion of which are sold to outside investors in the normal course of business through a combination of whole loan sales to GSEs, Ginnie Mae, and non-
agencynon-agency investors. The Company also originates and sells certain commercial mortgage loans to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, originates FHA insured loans, and issues and sells Ginnie Mae commercial MBS secured by FHA insured loans.
When loans are sold, representations and warranties regarding certain attributes of the loans are made to third party purchasers. Subsequent to the sale, if a material underwriting deficiency or documentation defect is discovered, the Company may be obligated to repurchase the loan or to reimburse an investor for losses incurred (make whole requests), if such deficiency or defect cannot be cured by the Company within the specified period following discovery. These representations and warranties may extend through the life of the loan. In addition to representations and warranties related to loan sales, the Company makes representations and warranties that it will service the loans in accordance with investor servicing guidelines and standards, which may include (i) collection and remittance of principal and interest, (ii) administration of escrow for taxes and insurance, (iii) advancing principal, interest, taxes, insurance, and collection expenses on delinquent accounts, and (iv) loss mitigation strategies, including loan modifications and foreclosures.
The Company’s reserve for residential mortgage loan repurchases was $39 million and $40 million at March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and there were nofollowing table summarizes the changes in the Company’s reserve for residential mortgage loan repurchases during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. repurchases:
 Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 2018 2017
Balance, beginning of period
$36
 
$40
 
$39
 
$40
Repurchase provision/(benefit)1
 
 (2) 
Charge-offs, net of recoveries(1) (1) (1) (1)
Balance, end of period
$36
 
$39
 
$36
 
$39

A significant degree of judgment is used to estimate the mortgage repurchase liability as the estimation process is inherently uncertain and subject to imprecision. The Company believes that its reserve appropriately estimates incurred losses based on its current analysis and assumptions. While the mortgage repurchase reserve includes the estimated cost of settling claims related to required repurchases, the Company's estimate of losses depends on its assumptions regarding GSE and other counterparty behavior, loan performance, home prices, and other factors. The liability is recorded in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the related repurchase provision/(benefit) is recognized in Mortgage production related income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 17, "Contingencies," for additional information on current legal matters related to loan sales.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



The following table summarizes the carrying value of the Company's outstanding repurchased residential mortgage loans:
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Outstanding repurchased residential mortgage loans:
Performing LHFI
$197
 
$203

$189
 
$203
Nonperforming LHFI18
 16
17
 16
Total carrying value of outstanding repurchased residential mortgages
$215
 
$219

$206
 
$219
Residential mortgage loans sold to Ginnie Mae are insured by the FHA or are guaranteed by the VA. As servicer, the Company may elect to repurchase delinquent loans in accordance with Ginnie Mae guidelines; however, the loans continue to be insured. The Company may also indemnify the FHA and VA for
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



losses related to loans not originated in accordance with their guidelines.
Commercial Mortgage Loan Loss Share Guarantee
In connection with the acquisition of Pillar, the Company assumed a loss share obligation associated with the terms of a master loss sharing agreement with Fannie Mae for multi-family commercial mortgage loans that were sold by Pillar to Fannie Mae under Fannie Mae’s delegated underwriting and servicing program. Upon the acquisition of Pillar, the Company entered into a lender contract amendment with Fannie Mae for multi-family commercial mortgage loans that Pillar sold to Fannie Mae prior to acquisition and that the Company sold to Fannie Mae subsequent to acquisition, whereby the Company bears a risk of loss of up to one-third of the incurred losses resulting from borrower defaults. The breach of any representation or warranty related to a loan sold to Fannie Mae could increase the Company's level of risk-sharing associated with the loan. The outstanding UPB of loans sold subject to the loss share guarantee was $3.3 billion and $3.4 billion at March 31,both September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.2017. The maximum potential exposure to loss was $940$978 million and $962 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Using probability of default and severity of loss estimates, the Company's loss share liability was $12 million and $11 million at both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and is recorded in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Visa
The Company executes credit and debit transactions through Visa and MasterCard.Mastercard. The Company is a defendant, along with Visa and MasterCardMastercard (the “Card Associations”), as well as several other banks, in one of several antitrust lawsuits challenging the practices of the Card Associations (the “Litigation”). The Company entered into judgment and loss sharing agreements with Visa and certain other banks in order to apportion financial responsibilities arising from any potential adverse judgment or negotiated settlements related to the Litigation. Additionally, in connection with Visa's restructuring in 2007, shares of Visa common stock were issued to its financial institution members and the Company received its proportionate number of shares of Visa Inc. common stock, which were subsequently converted to Class B shares of Visa Inc. upon completion of Visa’s IPO in 2008. A provision of the original Visa By-Laws, which was
restated in Visa's certificate of incorporation, contains a general indemnification provision between a Visa member and Visa that explicitly provides that each member's indemnification obligation is limited to losses
arising from its own conduct and the specifically defined Litigation. While the district court approved a class action settlement of the Litigation in 2012 that settled the claims of both a damages class and an injunctive relief class, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit reversed the district court's approval of the settlement on June 30, 2016. The U.S. Supreme Court denied plaintiffs' petition for certiorari on March 27, 2017, and the case returned to the district court for further action. Since being remanded to the district court, plaintiffs have pursued two separate class actions—one class action seeking damages that names, among others, the Company as a defendant, and one class action seeking injunctive relief that does not name the Company as a defendant, but for which the Company could bear some responsibility under the judgment and loss sharing agreement described above. An agreement to resolve the claims of the damages class has been filed with the district court and is awaiting court approval.
Agreements associated with Visa's IPO have provisions that Visa will fund a litigation escrow account, established for the purpose of funding judgments in, or settlements of, the Litigation. If the escrow account is insufficient to cover the Litigation losses, then Visa will issue additional Class A shares (“loss shares”). The proceeds from the sale of the loss shares would then be deposited in the escrow account. The issuance of the loss shares will cause a dilution of Visa's Class B shares as a result of an adjustment to lower the conversion factor of the Class B shares to Class A shares. Visa U.S.A.'s members are responsible for any portion of the settlement or loss on the Litigation after the escrow account is depleted and the value of the Class B shares is fully diluted.
In May 2009, the Company sold its 3.2 million Class B shares to the Visa Counterparty and entered into a derivative with the Visa Counterparty. Under the derivative, the Visa Counterparty is compensated by the Company for any decline in the conversion factor as a result of the outcome of the Litigation. Conversely, the Company is compensated by the Visa Counterparty for any increase in the conversion factor. The amount of payments made or received under the derivative is a function of the 3.2 million shares sold to the Visa Counterparty, the change in conversion rate, and Visa’s share price. The Visa Counterparty, as a result of its ownership of the Class B shares, is impacted by dilutive adjustments to the conversion factor of the Class B shares caused by the Litigation losses. Additionally, the Company will make periodic payments based on the notional of the derivative and a fixed rate until the date on which the Litigation is settled. The fair value of the derivative is estimated based on unobservable inputs consisting of management's estimate of the probability of certain litigation scenarios and the timing of the resolution of the Litigation due in large part to the aforementioned decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. The fair value of the derivative liability was $7 million and $15 million at both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.2017, respectively. The fair value of the derivative is estimated based on the Company's expectations regarding the resolution of the Litigation. The ultimate impact to the Company could be significantly different based on the Litigation outcome.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



NOTE 15 - DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company enters into various derivative financial instruments, both in a dealer capacity to facilitate client transactions and as an end user as a risk management tool. The Company generally manages the risk associated with these derivatives within the established MRM and credit risk management frameworks. Derivatives may be used by the Company to hedge various economic or client-related exposures. In such instances, derivative positions are typically monitored using a VAR methodology, with exposures reviewed daily. Derivatives are also used as a risk management tool to hedge the Company’s balance sheet exposure to changes in identified cash flow and fair value risks, either economically or in accordance with hedge accounting provisions. The Company’s Corporate Treasury function is responsible for employing the various hedge strategies to manage these objectives. The Company enters into IRLCs on residential and commercial mortgage loans that are accounted for as freestanding derivatives. Additionally, certain contracts containing embedded derivatives are measured, in their entirety, at fair value. All derivatives, including both freestanding as well as any embedded derivatives that the Company bifurcates from the host contracts, are measured at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in Trading assets and derivative instruments and Trading liabilities and derivative instruments. The associated gains and losses are either recognized in AOCI, net of tax, or within the Consolidated Statements of Income, depending upon the use and designation of the derivatives.

Credit and Market Risk Associated with Derivative Instruments
Derivatives expose the Company to risk that the counterparty to the derivative contract does not perform as expected. The Company manages its exposure to counterparty credit risk associated with derivatives by entering into transactions with counterparties with defined exposure limits based on their credit quality and in accordance with established policies and procedures. All counterparties are reviewed regularly as part of the Company’s credit risk management practices and appropriate action is taken to adjust the exposure limits to certain counterparties as necessary. The Company’s derivative transactions are generally governed by ISDA agreements or other legally enforceable industry standard master netting agreements. In certain cases and depending on the nature of the underlying derivative transactions, bilateral collateral agreements are also utilized. Furthermore, the Company and its subsidiaries are subject to OTC derivative clearing requirements, which require certain derivatives to be cleared through central clearing houses, such as LCH and the CME. These clearing houses require the Company to post initial and variation margin to mitigate the risk of non-payment, the latter of which is received or paid daily based on the net asset or liability position of the contracts. Effective January 3, 2017, the CME amended its rulebook to legally characterize variation margin cash payments for cleared OTC derivatives as settlement rather than as collateral. Consistent with the CME's amended requirements, LCH amended its rulebook effective January 16, 2018, to legally characterize variation margin cash payments for cleared OTC derivatives as settlement rather than as collateral. As a result, in the first quarter of 2018, the Company began reducing the corresponding derivative asset and liability balances for LCH-
 
cleared OTC derivatives to reflect the settlement of those positions via the exchange of variation margin.
When the Company has more than one outstanding derivative transaction with a single counterparty, and there exists a legal right of offset with that counterparty, the Company considers its exposure to the counterparty to be the net fair value of its derivative positions with that counterparty. If the net fair value is positive, then the corresponding asset value also reflects cash collateral held. At March 31,September 30, 2018, the economic exposure of these net derivative asset positions was $510$404 million, reflecting $936$889 million of net derivative gains, adjusted for cash and other collateral of $426$485 million that the Company held in relation to these positions. At December 31, 2017, the economic exposure of net derivative asset positions was $541 million, reflecting $940 million of net derivative gains, adjusted for cash and other collateral held of $399 million.
Derivatives also expose the Company to market risk arising from the adverse effects that changes in market factors, such as interest rates, currency rates, equity prices, commodity prices, or implied volatility, may have on the value of the Company's derivatives. The Company manages this risk by establishing and monitoring limits on the types and degree of risk that may be undertaken. The Company measures its market risk exposure using a VAR methodology for derivatives designated as trading instruments. Other tools and risk measures are also used to actively manage risk associated with derivatives including scenario analysis and stress testing.
Derivative instruments are priced using observable market inputs at a mid-market valuation point and take into consideration appropriate valuation adjustments for collateral, market liquidity, and counterparty credit risk. For purposes of determining fair value adjustments to its OTC derivative positions, the Company takes into consideration the credit profile and likelihood of default by counterparties and itself, as well as its net exposure, which considers legally enforceable master netting agreements and collateral along with remaining maturities. The expected loss of each counterparty is estimated using market-based views of counterparty default probabilities observed in the single-name CDS market, when available and of sufficient liquidity. When single-name CDS market data is not available or not of sufficient liquidity, the probability of default is estimated using a combination of the Company's internal risk rating system and sector/rating based CDS data.
For purposes of estimating the Company’s own credit risk on derivative liability positions, the DVA, the Company uses probabilities of default from observable, sector/rating based CDS data. The Company adjusted the net fair value of itsthe Company's derivative contracts were adjusted by an immaterial amount for estimates of both counterparty credit risk and its own credit risk by approximately $3 million and $5 million at March 31,both September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.2017. For additional information on the Company's fair value measurements, see Note 16, "Fair Value Election and Measurement."
Currently, the industry standard master netting agreements governing the majority of the Company’s derivativesCompany's derivative transactions with counterparties contain contingencies that relatebilateral events of default and acceleration provisions related to the creditworthiness of the Bank. These contingencies, which are contained in industry standard master netting agreements, may be considered events of default.Bank and the counterparty. Should the Bank be in default under any of these provisions, the Bank’s counterparties would be
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



provisions, the Bank’s counterparties would be permitted to close out transactions with the Bank on a net basis, at amounts that would approximate the fair values of the derivatives, resulting in a single sum due by one party to the other. The counterparties would have the right to apply any collateral posted by the Bank against any net amount owed by the Bank. Additionally, certain of the Company’s derivative liability positions, totaling $934 million$1.0 billion and $1.1 billion in fair value at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, contain provisions conditioned on downgrades of the Bank’s credit rating. These provisions, if triggered, would either give rise to an ATE that permits the counterparties to close-out net and apply collateral or, where a CSA is present, require the Bank to post additional collateral.
At March 31,September 30, 2018, the Bank held senior long-term debt credit ratings of Baal/A-/A- from Moody’s, S&P, and Fitch, respectively. At March 31,September 30, 2018, ATEs have been triggered for less than $1 million in fair value liabilities. The maximum additional liability that could be triggered from ATEs was approximately $17$18 million at March 31,September 30, 2018. At March 31,September 30, 2018, $922 million$1.0 billion in fair value of derivative liabilities were subject to CSAs, against which the Bank has posted $910$918 million in collateral, primarily in the form of cash. If requested by the counterparty pursuant
Pursuant to the terms of the CSA, the Bank would be required to post additional collateral of approximately $1$2 million against these contracts if the Bank were downgraded to Baa2/BBB+. Further downgrades to Baa3/BBB and Ba1/BBB- would require the Bank to post an additional $4$3 million and $2 million of collateral.collateral, respectively. Any further downgrades below Ba1/BBB-Ba2/BB+ do not contain predetermined collateral posting levels.
Notional and Fair Value of Derivative Positions
The following tables presenttable presents the Company’s derivative positions at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The notional amounts in the tablestable are presented on a gross basis and have been classified within derivative assets or derivative liabilities based on the estimated fair value of the individual contract at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Gross positive and gross negative fair value amounts associated with respective notional amounts are presented without consideration of any netting agreements, including collateral arrangements. Net fair value derivative amounts are adjusted on an aggregate basis, where applicable, to take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements, including any cash collateral received or paid, and are recognized in Trading assets and derivative instruments or Trading liabilities and derivative instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For contracts constituting a combination of options that contain a written option and a purchased option (such as a collar), the notional amount of each option is presented separately, with the purchased notional amount generally being presented as a derivative asset and the written notional amount being presented as a derivative liability. For other contracts that contain a combination of options, the fair value is generally presented as a single value with the purchased notional amount if the combined fair value is positive, and with the written notional amount if the combined fair value is negative.Sheets.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued




March 31, 2018September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Asset Derivatives Liability Derivatives  Fair Value   Fair Value
(Dollars in millions)
Notional
 Amounts 1
 
Fair
Value
 
Notional
 Amounts 1
 
Fair
Value
Notional
 Amounts
 Asset Derivatives Liability Derivatives 
Notional
Amounts
 Asset Derivatives Liability Derivatives
Derivative instruments designated in cash flow hedging relationships 2
       
Derivative instruments designated in hedging relationshipsDerivative instruments designated in hedging relationships          
Cash flow hedges: 1
           
Interest rate contracts hedging floating rate LHFI
$9,250
 
$2
 
$2,850
 
$—

$12,900
 
$2
 
$1
 
$14,200
 
$2
 
$252
       
Derivative instruments designated in fair value hedging relationships 3
       
Subtotal12,900
 2
 1
 14,200
 2
 252
Fair value hedges: 2
           
Interest rate contracts hedging fixed rate debt4,250
 1
 2,605
 
7,705
 2
 
 5,920
 1
 58
Interest rate contracts hedging brokered time deposits30
 
 30
 
60
 
 
 60
 
 
Subtotal4,280
 1
 2,635
 
7,765
 2
 
 5,980
 1
 58
                  
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments 4
       
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments 3
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments 3
          
Interest rate contracts hedging:                  
Residential MSRs 5
15,504
 30
 19,420
 11
LHFS, IRLCs 6
3,413
 13
 3,111
 10
Residential MSRs 4
25,690
 18
 20
 42,021
 119
 119
LHFS, IRLCs 5
5,485
 15
 4
 7,590
 9
 6
LHFI
 
 175
 
183
 
 
 175
 2
 2
Trading activity 7
74,322
 708
 52,545
 870
Trading activity 6
127,059
 595
 894
 126,366
 1,066
 946
Foreign exchange rate contracts hedging loans and trading activity4,054
 133
 3,676
 121
7,418
 106
 91
 7,058
 110
 102
Credit contracts hedging:                  
LHFI
 
 585
 9
825
 
 23
 515
 
 11
Trading activity 8
1,661
 22
 1,673
 19
Equity contracts hedging trading activity 7
15,050
 2,070
 21,964
 2,372
Trading activity 7
3,869
 25
 23
 3,454
 15
 12
Equity contracts hedging trading activity 6
37,362
 2,384
 2,648
 38,907
 2,499
 2,857
Other contracts:                  
IRLCs and other 9
1,624
 18
 382
 18
IRLCs and other 8
1,886
 13
 9
 2,017
 18
 16
Commodity derivatives755
 77
 748
 75
1,678
 118
 116
 1,422
 63
 61
Subtotal116,383
 3,071
 104,279
 3,505
211,455
 3,274
 3,828
 229,525
 3,901
 4,132
           
Total derivative instruments
$129,913
 
$3,074
 
$109,764
 
$3,505

$232,120
 
$3,278
 
$3,829
 
$249,705
 
$3,904
 
$4,442
                  
Total gross derivative instruments, before netting  
$3,074
   
$3,505
Total gross derivative instruments (before netting)  
$3,278
 
$3,829
   
$3,904
 
$4,442
Less: Legally enforceable master netting agreements  (2,009)   (2,009)  (2,185) (2,185)   (2,731) (2,731)
Less: Cash collateral received/paid  (408)   (916)  (471) (946)   (371) (1,303)
Total derivative instruments, after netting  
$657
   
$580
Total derivative instruments (after netting)  
$622
 
$698
   
$802
 
$408
1 For centrally-cleared derivatives, notional amounts are presented based on the fair value of the related derivative asset or derivative liability after applying variation margin.
2 See “Cash Flow Hedges” in this Note for further discussion.
3 See “Fair Value Hedges” in this Note for further discussion.
4 See “Economic Hedging and Trading Activities” in this Note for further discussion.
5 Amount includes $2.0 billion of notional amounts related to interest rate futures. These futures contracts settle in cash daily, one day in arrears. The derivative asset or liability associated with the one day lag is included in the fair value column of this table.
6 Amount includes $330 million of notional amounts related to interest rate futures. These futures contracts settle in cash daily, one day in arrears. The derivative asset or liability associated with the one day lag is included in the fair value column of this table.
7 Amounts include $9.7 billion of notional amounts related to interest rate futures and $1.3 billion of notional amounts related to equity futures. These futures contracts settle in cash daily, one day in arrears. The derivative asset or liability associated with the one day lag is included in the fair value column of this table. Amounts also include notional amounts related to interest rate swaps hedging fixed rate debt.
8 Asset and liability amounts include $5 million and $17 million, respectively, of notional amounts from purchased and written credit risk participation agreements, whose notional is calculated as the notional of the derivative participated adjusted by the relevant RWA conversion factor.
9 Includes $49 million notional amount that is based on the 3.2 million of Visa Class B shares, the conversion ratio from Class B shares to Class A shares, and the Class A share price at the derivative inception date of May 28, 2009. This derivative was established upon the sale of Class B shares in the second quarter of 2009. See Note 14, “Guarantees” for additional information.
1
See “Cash Flow Hedging” in this Note for further discussion.
2
See “Fair Value Hedging” in this Note for further discussion.
3
See “Economic Hedging Instruments and Trading Activities” in this Note for further discussion.
4
Notional amounts include $5.6 billion and $16.6 billion related to interest rate futures at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. These futures contracts settle in cash daily, one day in arrears. The derivative asset or liability associated with the one day lag is included in the fair value column of this table.
5
Notional amounts include $302 million and $190 million related to interest rate futures at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. These futures contracts settle in cash daily, one day in arrears. The derivative asset or liability associated with the one day lag is included in the fair value column of this table.
6
Notional amounts include $4.9 billion and $9.8 billion related to interest rate futures at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and $274 million and $1.2 billion related to equity futures at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. These futures contracts settle in cash daily, one day in arrears. The derivative asset or liability associated with the one day lag is included in the fair value column of this table. Notional amounts also include amounts related to interest rate swaps hedging fixed rate debt.
7
Notional amounts include $7 million and $4 million from purchased credit risk participation agreements at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and $33 million and $11 million from written credit risk participation agreements at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. These notional amounts are calculated as the notional of the derivative participated adjusted by the relevant RWA conversion factor.
8
Notional amounts include $41 million and $49 million related to the Visa derivative liability at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. See Note 14, "Guarantees" for additional information.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued




 December 31, 2017
 Asset Derivatives Liability Derivatives
(Dollars in millions)
Notional
Amounts
 
Fair
Value
 
Notional
Amounts
 
Fair
Value
Derivative instruments designated in cash flow hedging relationships 1
       
Interest rate contracts hedging floating rate LHFI
$5,850
 
$2
 
$8,350
 
$252
        
Derivative instruments designated in fair value hedging relationships 2
       
Interest rate contracts hedging fixed rate debt1,250
 1
 4,670
 58
Interest rate contracts hedging brokered time deposits30
 
 30
 
Subtotal1,280
 1
 4,700
 58
        
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments 3
       
Interest rate contracts hedging:       
Residential MSRs 4
31,895
 119
 10,126
 119
LHFS, IRLCs 5
4,550
 9
 3,040
 6
LHFI90
 2
 85
 2
Trading activity 6
78,223
 1,066
 48,143
 946
Foreign exchange rate contracts hedging loans and trading activity3,409
 110
 3,649
 102
Credit contracts hedging:       
LHFI
 
 515
 11
Trading activity 7
1,721
 15
 1,733
 12
Equity contracts hedging trading activity 6
13,837
 2,499
 25,070
 2,857
Other contracts:       
IRLCs and other 8
1,671
 18
 346
 16
Commodity derivatives712
 63
 710
 61
Subtotal136,108
 3,901
 93,417
 4,132
Total derivative instruments
$143,238
 
$3,904
 
$106,467
 
$4,442
        
Total gross derivative instruments, before netting  
$3,904
   
$4,442
Less: Legally enforceable master netting agreements  (2,731)   (2,731)
Less: Cash collateral received/paid  (371)   (1,303)
Total derivative instruments, after netting  
$802
   
$408
1 See “Cash Flow Hedges” in this Note for further discussion.
2 See “Fair Value Hedges” in this Note for further discussion.
3 See “Economic Hedging and Trading Activities” in this Note for further discussion.
4 Amount includes $16.6 billion of notional amounts related to interest rate futures. These futures contracts settle in cash daily, one day in arrears. The derivative asset or liability associated with the one day lag is included in the fair value column of this table.
5 Amount includes $190 million of notional amounts related to interest rate futures. These futures contracts settle in cash daily, one day in arrears. The derivative asset or liability associated with the one day lag is included in the fair value column of this table.
6 Amounts include $9.8 billion of notional amounts related to interest rate futures and $1.2 billion of notional amounts related to equity futures. These futures contracts settle in cash daily, one day in arrears. The derivative asset or liability associated with the one day lag is included in the fair value column of this table. Amounts also include notional amounts related to interest rate swaps hedging fixed rate debt.
7 Asset and liability amounts include $4 million and $11 million, respectively, of notional amounts from purchased and written credit risk participation agreements, whose notional is calculated as the notional of the derivative participated adjusted by the relevant RWA conversion factor.
8 Includes $49 million notional amount that is based on the 3.2 million of Visa Class B shares, the conversion ratio from Class B shares to Class A shares, and the Class A share price at the derivative inception date of May 28, 2009. This derivative was established upon the sale of Class B shares in the second quarter of 2009. See Note 14, “Guarantees” for additional information.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Netting of Derivative Instruments
The Company has various financial assets and financial liabilities that are subject to enforceable master netting agreements or similar agreements. The Company's securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell, and securities sold under agreements to repurchase, that are subject to enforceable master netting agreements or similar agreements, are discussed in Note 3, "Federal Funds Sold and Securities Financing Activities." The Company enters into ISDA or other legally enforceable industry standard master netting agreements with derivative counterparties. Under the terms of the master netting agreements, all transactions between the Company and the counterparty constitute a single business relationship such that in the event of default, the nondefaulting party is entitled to set off claims and apply property held by that party in respect of any transaction against obligations owed. Any payments, deliveries, or other transfers may be applied against each other and netted.
 
The following tables present total gross derivative instrument assets and liabilities at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, which are adjusted to reflect the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral received or paid when calculating the net amount reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Also included in the tables are financial instrument collateral related to legally enforceable master netting agreements that represents securities collateral received or pledged and customer cash collateral held at third party custodians. These amounts are not offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets but are shown as a reduction to total derivative instrument assets and liabilities to derive net derivative assets and liabilities. These amounts are limited to the derivative asset/liability balance, and accordingly, do not include excess collateral received/pledged.
(Dollars in millions)
Gross
Amount
 
Amount
Offset
 
Net Amount
Presented in
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
 
Held/Pledged
Financial
Instruments
 
Net
Amount
Gross
Amount
 
Amount
Offset
 
Net Amount
Presented in
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
 
Held/Pledged
Financial
Instruments
 
Net
Amount
March 31, 2018         
September 30, 2018         
Derivative instrument assets:                  
Derivatives subject to master netting arrangement or similar arrangement
$2,805
 
$2,279
 
$526
 
$18
 
$508

$2,940
 
$2,525
 
$415
 
$14
 
$401
Derivatives not subject to master netting arrangement or similar arrangement17
 
 17
 
 17
14
 
 14
 
 14
Exchange traded derivatives252
 138
 114
 
 114
324
 131
 193
 
 193
Total derivative instrument assets
$3,074
 
$2,417
 
$657
1 

$18
 
$639

$3,278
 
$2,656
 
$622
1 

$14
 
$608
                  
Derivative instrument liabilities:                  
Derivatives subject to master netting arrangement or similar arrangement
$3,253
 
$2,787
 
$466
 
$34
 
$432

$3,587
 
$3,000
 
$587
 
$58
 
$529
Derivatives not subject to master netting arrangement or similar arrangement114
 
 114
 
 114
111
 
 111
 
 111
Exchange traded derivatives138
 138
 
 
 
131
 131
 
 
 
Total derivative instrument liabilities
$3,505
 
$2,925
 
$580
2 

$34
 
$546

$3,829
 
$3,131
 
$698
2 

$58
 
$640
                  
December 31, 2017                  
Derivative instrument assets:                  
Derivatives subject to master netting arrangement or similar arrangement
$3,491
 
$2,923
 
$568
 
$28
 
$540

$3,491
 
$2,923
 
$568
 
$28
 
$540
Derivatives not subject to master netting arrangement or similar arrangement18
 
 18
 
 18
18
 
 18
 
 18
Exchange traded derivatives395
 179
 216
 
 216
395
 179
 216
 
 216
Total derivative instrument assets
$3,904
 
$3,102
 
$802
1 

$28
 
$774

$3,904
 
$3,102
 
$802
1 

$28
 
$774
                  
Derivative instrument liabilities:                  
Derivatives subject to master netting arrangement or similar arrangement
$4,128
 
$3,855
 
$273
 
$27
 
$246

$4,128
 
$3,855
 
$273
 
$27
 
$246
Derivatives not subject to master netting arrangement or similar arrangement130
 
 130
 
 130
130
 
 130
 
 130
Exchange traded derivatives184
 179
 5
 
 5
184
 179
 5
 
 5
Total derivative instrument liabilities
$4,442
 
$4,034
 
$408
2 

$27
 
$381

$4,442
 
$4,034
 
$408
2 

$27
 
$381
1 At March 31,September 30, 2018, $657$622 million, net of $408$471 million offsetting cash collateral, is recognized in Trading assets and derivative instruments within the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2017, $802 million, net of $371 million offsetting cash collateral, is recognized in Trading assets and derivative instruments within the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.
2 At March 31,September 30, 2018, $580$698 million, net of $916$946 million offsetting cash collateral, is recognized in Trading liabilities and derivative instruments within the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2017, $408 million, net of $1.3 billion offsetting cash collateral, is recognized in Trading liabilities and derivative instruments within the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedging Instruments
Fair Value Hedging
The Company enters into interest rate swap agreements as part of its risk management objectives for hedging exposure to changes in fair value due to changes in interest rates. These hedging arrangements convert certain fixed rate long-term debt and CDs to floating rates. Consistent with this objective,Subsequent to the Company reflectsadoption of ASU 2017-12, changes in the accrued contractual interest onfair value of the hedging instrument attributable to the hedged item andrisk are recognized in the related swapssame income statement line as part of current period interest expense.the earnings impact from the hedged item. There were no components of derivative gains or losses excluded in the Company’s assessment of hedge effectiveness related to the fair value hedges.
Beginning January 1, 2018, the Company early adopted ASU 2017-12 and modified its measurement methodology for certain hedged items designated under fair value hedge relationships. The Company elected to perform its subsequent assessments of hedge effectiveness using a qualitative, rather than a quantitative, approach. The adoption resulted in an immaterial cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings and a basis adjustment to the related hedged items. For additional information on the Company's adoption of ASU 2017-12 and related policy updates, see Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies.”
    
Cash Flow Hedging
The Company utilizes a comprehensive risk management strategy to monitor sensitivity of earnings to movements in interest rates. Specific types of funding and principal amounts hedged are determined based on prevailing market conditions
and the shape of the yield curve. In conjunction with this strategy, the Company may employ various interest rate derivatives as risk management tools to hedge interest rate risk from recognized assets and liabilities or from forecasted transactions. The terms and notional amounts of derivatives are determined based on management’s assessment of future interest rates, as well as other factors.
The Company enters into interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedging instruments to hedge its exposure to benchmark interest rate risk associated with floating rate loans. For the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, the amount of pre-tax loss recognized in OCI on derivative instruments was $165 million.$48 million and $274 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the amount of pre-tax gain recognized in OCI on derivative instruments was $10 million and $61 million, respectively. At both March 31,September 30, 2018, andthe maturities for hedges of floating rate loans ranged from less than one year to seven years, with the weighted average being 3.1 years. At December 31, 2017, the maturities for hedges of floating rate loans ranged from less than one year to five years, with the weighted average being 3.6 years. These hedges have been highly effective in offsetting the designated risks. At March 31,September 30, 2018, $75$135 million of deferred net pre-tax losses on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges on floating rate loans recognized in AOCI are expected to be reclassified into net interest income during the next twelve months. The amount to be reclassified into income incorporates the impact from both active and terminated cash flow hedges, including the net interest income earned on the active hedges, assuming no changes in LIBOR. The Company may choose to terminate or de-designate a hedging relationship due to a change in the risk management objective for that specific hedge item, which may arise in conjunction with an overall balance sheet management strategy.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Pursuant to the adoption of ASU 2017-12, the following table presents gains and losses on derivatives in fair value and cash flow hedging relationships by contract type and by income statement line item for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018. For the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 the tableamounts presented below remains unchanged.were not conformed to the new hedge accounting guidance. The tables dotable does not disclose the financial impact of the activities that these derivative instruments are intended to hedge.

Net Interest Income  Net Interest Income 
Noninterest
Income
  
(Dollars in millions)Interest and fees on LHFI Interest on Long-term Debt Interest on Deposits TotalInterest and fees on LHFI Interest on Long-term Debt Interest on Deposits Trading Income Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018       
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018         
Interest income/(expense), including the effects of fair value and cash flow hedges
$1,549
 
($95) 
($193) 
$42
 
$1,303
         
(Loss)/gain on fair value hedging relationships:         
Interest rate contracts:         
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives
$—
 
($2) 
$—
 
$—
 
($2)
Recognized on derivatives
 (33) 
 
 (33)
Recognized on hedged items
 31
1 

 
 31
Net expense recognized on fair value hedges
$—
 
($4) 
$—
 
$—
 
($4)
         
Loss on cash flow hedging relationships:         
Interest rate contracts:         
Amount of pre-tax loss reclassified from AOCI into income
($22)
2 

$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
($22)
Net expense recognized on cash flow hedges
($22) 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
($22)
         
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018         
Interest income/(expense), including the effects of fair value and cash flow hedges
$4,424
 
($252) 
($484) 
$137
 
$3,825
         
(Loss)/gain on fair value hedging relationships:         
Interest rate contracts:         
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives
$—
 
($1) 
$—
 
$—
 
($1)
Recognized on derivatives
 (130) 
 
 (130)
Recognized on hedged items
 124
1 

 
 124
Net expense recognized on fair value hedges
$—
 
($7) 
$—
 
$—
 
($7)
         
Loss on cash flow hedging relationships:         
Interest rate contracts:         
Amount of pre-tax loss reclassified from AOCI into income
($39)
2 

$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
($39)
Net expense recognized on cash flow hedges
($39) 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
($39)
         
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017         
Interest income/(expense), including the effects of fair value and cash flow hedges
$1,398
 
($74) 
($131) 
$1,193

$1,382
 
($76) 
($111) 
$51
 
$1,246
                
Gain/(loss) on fair value hedging relationships:                
Interest rate contracts:                
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives
$—
 
$3
 
$—
 
$3

$—
 
$3
 
$—
 
$—
 
$3
Recognized on derivatives
 (72) 
 (72)
 
 
 (3) (3)
Recognized on hedged items
 69
1 

 69

 
 
 3
 3
Net income/(expense) recognized on fair value hedges
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
Net income recognized on fair value hedges
$—
 
$3
 
$—
 
$—
 
$3
                
Loss on cash flow hedging relationships:       
Gain on cash flow hedging relationships:         
Interest rate contracts:                
Amount of pre-tax loss reclassified from AOCI into income
($5)
2 

$—
 
$—


($5)
Net expense recognized on cash flow hedges
($5) 
$—
 
$—
 
($5)
Amount of pre-tax gain reclassified from AOCI into income
$13
2 

$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$13
Net income recognized on cash flow hedges
$13
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$13
         
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017         
Interest income/(expense), including the effects of fair value and cash flow hedges
$4,009
 
($216) 
($286) 
$148
 
$3,655
         
Gain/(loss) on fair value hedging relationships:         
Interest rate contracts:         
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives
$—
 
$12
 
$—
 
$—
 
$12
Recognized on derivatives
 
 
 5
 5
Recognized on hedged items
 
 
 (4) (4)
Net income recognized on fair value hedges
$—
 
$12
 
$—
 
$1
 
$13
         
Gain on cash flow hedging relationships:         
Interest rate contracts:         
Amount of pre-tax gain reclassified from AOCI into income
$81
2 

$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$81
Net income recognized on cash flow hedges
$81
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$81
1 Includes $2 million of amortization expense from de-designated fair value hedging relationships.
2 During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company also reclassified $4 million ofThese amounts include pre-tax gains from AOCI into Net interest income relatinggains/(losses) related to cash flow hedging relationships that have been terminated and arewere reclassified into earnings consistent with the pattern of net cash flows expected to be recognized.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



 Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
(Dollars in millions)Amount of Loss on Derivatives
Recognized in Income
 Amount of Gain
on Related Hedged Items
Recognized in Income
 Amount of Gain
Recognized in Income
on Hedges
(Ineffective Portion)
Derivative instruments in fair value hedging relationships:     
Interest rate contracts hedging fixed rate debt 1

($11) 
$13
 
$2
Interest rate contracts hedging brokered time deposits 1

 
 
Total
($11) 
$13
 
$2
1 Amounts are recognized in Trading income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

 Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
(Dollars in millions)
Amount of Pre-tax Loss Recognized in OCI on Derivatives
(Effective Portion)
 Amount of Pre-tax Gain
Reclassified from AOCI into Income
(Effective Portion)
 Classification of Pre-tax Gain Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
Derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships:     
Interest rate contracts hedging floating rate LHFI 1

($25) 
$23
 Interest and fees on loans held for investment
1 During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company also reclassified $18 million of pre-tax gains from AOCI into Net interest income relating to hedging relationships that have been terminated and are reclassified into earnings consistent with the pattern of net cash flows expected to be recognized.



Pursuant to the adoption of ASU 2017-12, theThe following table presents the carrying amount of hedged liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets in fair value hedging relationships and the associated cumulative basis adjustment related to the application of hedge accounting:
  Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of Hedged Liabilities  Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of Hedged Liabilities
(Dollars in millions)Carrying Amount of Hedged Liabilities Hedged Items Currently Designated Hedged Items No Longer DesignatedCarrying Amount of Hedged Liabilities Hedged Items Currently Designated Hedged Items No Longer Designated
March 31, 2018     
September 30, 2018     
Long-term debt
$5,658
 
($148) 
($41)
$6,495
 
($170) 
($73)
Interest-bearing deposits:     
Brokered time deposits29
 
 
29
 
 


Economic Hedging Instruments and Trading Activities
In addition to designated hedge accounting relationships, the Company also enters into derivatives as an end user to economically hedge risks associated with certain non-derivative and derivative instruments, along with entering into derivatives in a trading capacity with its clients.
The primary risks that the Company economically hedges are interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk, and credit risk. The Company mitigates these risks by entering into offsetting derivatives either on an individual basis or collectively on a macro basis.
The Company utilizes interest rate derivatives as economic hedges related to:
Residential MSRs. The Company hedges these instruments with a combination of interest rate derivatives, including forward and option contracts, futures, and forward rate agreements.
Residential mortgage IRLCs and LHFS. The Company hedges these instruments using forward and option contracts, futures, and forward rate agreements.
 
The Company is exposed to volatility and changes in foreign exchange rates associated with certain commercial loans. To hedge against this foreign exchange rate risk, the Company enters into foreign exchange rate contracts that provide for the future receipt and delivery of foreign currency at previously agreed-upon terms.
The Company enters into CDS to hedge credit risk associated with certain loans held within its Wholesale segment. The Company accounts for these contracts as derivatives, and accordingly, recognizes these contracts at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in Other noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Trading activity primarily includes interest rate swaps, equity derivatives, CDS, futures, options, foreign exchange rate contracts, and commodity derivatives. These derivatives are entered into in a dealer capacity to facilitate client transactions, or are utilized as a risk management tool by the Company as an end user (predominantly in certain macro-hedging strategies).

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



The impacts of derivative instruments used for economic hedging or trading purposes on the Consolidated Statements of Income are presented in the following table:
Classification of (Loss)/Gain Recognized in Income on Derivatives Amount of (Loss)/Gain Recognized in Income on Derivatives During the Three Months EndedClassification of (Loss)/Gain Recognized in Income on Derivatives Amount of (Loss)/Gain Recognized in Income on Derivatives During the Three Months Ended September 30 Amount of (Loss)/Gain Recognized in Income on Derivatives During the Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions) March 31, 2018 March 31, 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:    Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:        
Interest rate contracts hedging:            
Residential MSRsMortgage servicing related income 
($93) 
($18)Mortgage servicing related income 
($54) 
$17
 
($210) 
$41
LHFS, IRLCsMortgage production related income 46
 (15)Mortgage production related income 10
 (20) 57
 (57)
LHFIOther noninterest income 2
 
Other noninterest income 1
 
 3
 (1)
Trading activityTrading income 9
 11
Trading income 18
 11
 48
 33
Foreign exchange rate contracts hedging loans and trading activityTrading income (2) (6)Trading income 9
 (10) 49
 (43)
Credit contracts hedging:            
LHFIOther noninterest income 1
 (1)Other noninterest income (5) (1) (5) (3)
Trading activityTrading income 6
 5
Trading income 5
 8
 16
 19
Equity contracts hedging trading activityTrading income 1
 
Trading income 6
 (1) 8
 (1)
Other contracts:            
IRLCs and otherMortgage production related income,
Commercial real estate related income
 (6) 48
Mortgage production related income,
Commercial real estate related income
 19
 49
 39
 154
Commodity derivativesTrading income 
 1
Trading income 
 
 
 1
Total 
($36) 
$25
 
$9
 
$53
 
$5
 
$143

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Credit Derivative Instruments
As part of the Company's trading businesses, the Company enters into contracts that are, in form or substance, written guarantees; specifically, CDS, risk participations, and TRS. The Company accounts for these contracts as derivatives, and accordingly, records these contracts at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in Trading income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
At March 31,September 30, 2018, there were no purchased CDS contracts designated as trading instruments. At December 31, 2017, the gross notional amount of purchased CDS contracts designated as trading instruments was $5 million. The fair value of purchased CDS was immaterial at December 31, 2017.
The Company has also entered into TRS contracts on loans. The Company’s TRS business consists of matched trades, such that when the Company pays depreciation on one TRS, it receives the same amount on the matched TRS. To mitigate its credit risk, the Company typically receives initial cash collateral from the counterparty upon entering into the TRS and is entitled to additional collateral if the fair value of the underlying reference assets deteriorates. At both March 31,There were $1.9 billion and $1.7 billion of outstanding TRS notional balances at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the outstanding notional balance of TRS totaled $1.7 billion.respectively. The fair values of these TRS assets and liabilities at March 31,September 30, 2018 were $22$25 million and $19$23 million, respectively, and related cash collateral held at March 31,September 30, 2018 was $372$486 million. The fair values of the TRS assets and liabilities at December 31, 2017 were $15 million and $13 million, respectively, and related cash collateral held at December 31, 2017 was $368 million. For additional information on the Company's TRS contracts, see Note 10, "Certain Transfers of
Financial Assets and Variable Interest
Entities," as well as Note 16, "Fair Value Election and Measurement."
The Company writes risk participations, which are credit derivatives, whereby the Company has guaranteed payment to a dealer counterparty in the event the counterparty experiences a loss on a derivative, such as an interest rate swap, due to a failure to pay by the counterparty’s customer (the “obligor”) on that derivative. The Company manages its payment risk on its risk participations by monitoring the creditworthiness of the obligors, which are all corporations or partnerships, through the normal credit review process that the Company would have performed had it entered into a derivative directly with the obligors. To date, no material losses have been incurred related to the Company’s written risk participations. At March 31,September 30, 2018, the remaining terms on these risk participations generally ranged from less than one year to eight11 years, with a weighted average term on the maximum estimated exposure of 4.76.4 years. At December 31, 2017, the remaining terms on these risk participations generally ranged from less than one year to nine years, with a weighted average term on the maximum estimated exposure of 5.5 years. The Company’s maximum estimated exposure to written risk participations, as measured by projecting a maximum value of the guaranteed derivative instruments based on interest rate curve simulations and assuming 100% default by all obligors on the maximum values, was approximately $85$230 million and $55 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The fair values of the written risk participations were immaterial at both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued




NOTE 16 - FAIR VALUE ELECTION AND MEASUREMENT
The Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value, which are classified as level 1, 2, or 3 within the fair value hierarchy, as shown below, on the basis of whether the measurement employs observable or unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own assumptions, taking into account information about market participant assumptions that is readily available.
Level 1: Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets
Level 2: Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets
Level 3: Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company’s recurring fair value measurements are based on either a requirement to measure such assets and liabilities at fair value or on the Company’s election to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value. Assets and liabilities that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis include trading securities, securities AFS, and derivative financial instruments. Assets and liabilities that the Company has elected to measure at fair value on a recurring basis include its residential MSRs, trading loans, and certain LHFS, LHFI, brokered time deposits, and fixed ratelong-term debt issuances.
The Company elects to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value to better align its financial performance with the economic value of actively traded or hedged assets or liabilities. The use of fair value also enables the Company to mitigate non-economic earnings volatility caused from financial assets and liabilities being measured using different bases of accounting, as well as to more accurately portray the active and dynamic management of the Company’s balance sheet.
The Company uses various valuation techniques and assumptions in estimating fair value. The assumptions used to estimate the value of an instrument have varying degrees of
impact to the overall fair value of an asset or liability. This process involves gathering multiple sources of information, including broker quotes, values provided by pricing services, trading activity in other identical or similar securities, market indices, and pricing matrices. When observable market prices for the asset or liability are not available, the Company employs various
modeling techniques, such as discounted cash flow analyses, to estimate fair value. Models used to produce material financial reporting information are validated prior to use and following any material change in methodology. Their performance is monitored at least quarterly, and any material deterioration in model performance is escalated. This review is performed by different internal groups depending on the type of fair value asset or liability.
The Company has formal processes and controls in place to support the appropriateness of its fair value estimates. For fair values obtained from a third party, or those that include certain trader estimates of fair value, there is an independent price validation function that provides oversight for these estimates. For level 2 instruments and certain level 3 instruments, the validation generally involves evaluating pricing received from two or more third party pricing sources that are widely used by market participants. The Company evaluates this pricing information from both a qualitative and quantitative perspective and determines whether any pricing differences exceed acceptable thresholds. If thresholds are exceeded, the Company assesses differences in valuation approaches used, which may include contacting a pricing service to gain further insight into the valuation of a particular security or class of securities to resolve the pricing variance, which could include an adjustment to the price used for financial reporting purposes.
The Company classifies instruments within level 2 in the fair value hierarchy when it determines that external pricing sources estimated fair value using prices for similar instruments trading in active markets. A wide range of quoted values from pricing sources may imply a reduced level of market activity and indicate that significant adjustments to price indications have been made. In such cases, the Company evaluates whether the asset or liability should be classified as level 3.
Determining whether to classify an instrument as level 3 involves judgment and is based on a variety of subjective factors, including whether a market is inactive. A market is considered inactive if significant decreases in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability have been observed. In making this determination the Company evaluates the number of recent transactions in either the primary or secondary market, whether or not price quotations are current, the nature of market participants, the variability of price quotations, the breadth of bid/ask spreads, declines in, or the absence of, new issuances, and the availability of public information. When a market is determined to be inactive, significant adjustments may be made to price indications when estimating fair value. In making these adjustments the Company seeks to employ assumptions a market participant would use to value the asset or liability, including consideration of illiquidity in the referenced market.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present certain information regarding assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the changes in fair value for those specific financial instruments for which fair value has been elected.
March 31, 2018September 30, 2018
Fair Value Measurements    Fair Value Measurements    
(Dollars in millions)Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Netting
 Adjustments 1
 
Assets/Liabilities
at Fair Value
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Netting
 Adjustments 1
 
Assets/Liabilities
at Fair Value
Assets                  
Trading assets and derivative instruments:                  
U.S. Treasury securities
$182
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$182

$247
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$247
Federal agency securities
 238
 
 
 238

 507
 
 
 507
U.S. states and political subdivisions
 123
 
 
 123

 91
 
 
 91
MBS - agency
 699
 
 
 699

 743
 
 
 743
Corporate and other debt securities
 804
 
 
 804

 820
 
 
 820
CP
 169
 
 
 169

 408
 
 
 408
Equity securities51
 
 
 
 51
67
 
 
 
 67
Derivative instruments252
 2,805
 17
 (2,417) 657
324
 2,942
 12
 (2,656) 622
Trading loans
 2,189
 
 
 2,189

 2,171
 
 
 2,171
Total trading assets and derivative instruments485
 7,027
 17
 (2,417) 5,112
638
 7,682
 12
 (2,656) 5,676
                  
Securities AFS:                  
U.S. Treasury securities4,340
 
 
 
 4,340
4,133
 
 
 
 4,133
Federal agency securities
 249
 
 
 249

 223
 
 
 223
U.S. states and political subdivisions
 636
 
 
 636

 602
 
 
 602
MBS - agency residential
 22,513
 
 
 22,513

 22,505
 
 
 22,505
MBS - agency commercial
 2,242
 
 
 2,242

 2,602
 
 
 2,602
MBS - non-agency residential
 57
 
 
 57
MBS - non-agency commercial
 874
 
 
 874

 905
 
 
 905
ABS
 7
 
 
 7
Corporate and other debt securities
 16
 
 
 16

 14
 
 
 14
Total securities AFS 2
4,340
 26,594
 
 
 30,934
4,133
 26,851
 
 
 30,984

                  
LHFS
 1,428
 
 
 1,428

 1,822
 
 
 1,822
LHFI
 
 188
 
 188

 
 168
 
 168
Residential MSRs
 
 1,916
 
 1,916

 
 2,062
 
 2,062
Other 2
143
 
 
 
 143
Other assets 2
92
 
 
 
 92
                  
Liabilities                  
Trading liabilities and derivative instruments:                  
U.S. Treasury securities698
 
 
 
 698
742
 
 
 
 742
MBS - agency
 1
 
 
 1
Corporate and other debt securities
 453
 
 
 453

 411
 
 
 411
Equity securities5
 
 
 
 5
12
 
 
 
 12
Derivative instruments138
 3,351
 16
 (2,925) 580
132
 3,688
 9
 (3,131) 698
Total trading liabilities and derivative instruments841
 3,805
 16
 (2,925) 1,737
886
 4,099
 9
 (3,131) 1,863
                  
Brokered time deposits
 302
 
 
 302

 384
 
 
 384
Long-term debt
 209
 
 
 209

 235
 
 
 235
1 Amounts represent offsetting cash collateral received from, and paid to, the same derivative counterparties, and the impact of netting derivative assets and derivative liabilities when a legally enforceable master netting agreement or similar agreement exists. See Note 15, "Derivative Financial Instruments," for additional information.
2 Beginning January 1, 2018, the Company reclassified equity securities previously presented in Securities available for sale to Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Reclassifications have been made to previously reported amounts for comparability. See Note 9, "Other Assets," for additional information.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued






December 31, 2017December 31, 2017
Fair Value Measurements    Fair Value Measurements    
(Dollars in millions)Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Netting
 Adjustments 1
 
Assets/Liabilities
at Fair Value
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
Netting
 Adjustments 1
 
Assets/Liabilities
at Fair Value
Assets                  
Trading assets and derivative instruments:                  
U.S. Treasury securities
$157
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$157

$157
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$157
Federal agency securities
 395
 
 
 395

 395
 
 
 395
U.S. states and political subdivisions
 61
 
 
 61

 61
 
 
 61
MBS - agency
 700
 
 
 700

 700
 
 
 700
Corporate and other debt securities
 655
 
 
 655

 655
 
 
 655
CP
 118
 
 
 118

 118
 
 
 118
Equity securities56
 
 
 
 56
56
 
 
 
 56
Derivative instruments395
 3,493
 16
 (3,102) 802
395
 3,493
 16
 (3,102) 802
Trading loans
 2,149
 
 
 2,149

 2,149
 
 
 2,149
Total trading assets and derivative instruments608
 7,571
 16
 (3,102) 5,093
608
 7,571
 16
 (3,102) 5,093
                  
Securities AFS:                  
U.S. Treasury securities4,331
 
 
 
 4,331
4,331
 
 
 
 4,331
Federal agency securities
 259
 
 
 259

 259
 
 
 259
U.S. states and political subdivisions
 617
 
 
 617

 617
 
 
 617
MBS - agency residential
 22,704
 
 
 22,704

 22,704
 
 
 22,704
MBS - agency commercial
 2,086
 
 
 2,086

 2,086
 
 
 2,086
MBS - non-agency residential
 
 59
 
 59

 
 59
 
 59
MBS - non-agency commercial
 866
 
 
 866

 866
 
 
 866
ABS
 
 8
 
 8

 
 8
 
 8
Corporate and other debt securities
 12
 5
 
 17

 12
 5
 
 17
Total securities AFS 2
4,331
 26,544
 72
 
 30,947
4,331
 26,544
 72
 
 30,947
                  
LHFS
 1,577
 
 
 1,577

 1,577
 
 
 1,577
LHFI
 
 196
 
 196

 
 196
 
 196
Residential MSRs
 
 1,710
 
 1,710

 
 1,710
 
 1,710
Other 2
56
 
 
 
 56
Other assets 2
56
 
 
 
 56
                  
Liabilities                  
Trading liabilities and derivative instruments:                  
U.S. Treasury securities577
 
 
 
 577
577
 
 
 
 577
Corporate and other debt securities
 289
 
 
 289

 289
 
 
 289
Equity securities9
 
 
 
 9
9
 
 
 
 9
Derivative instruments183
 4,243
 16
 (4,034) 408
183
 4,243
 16
 (4,034) 408
Total trading liabilities and derivative instruments769
 4,532
 16
 (4,034) 1,283
769
 4,532
 16
 (4,034) 1,283
                  
Brokered time deposits
 236
 
 
 236

 236
 
 
 236
Long-term debt
 530
 
 
 530

 530
 
 
 530
1 Amounts represent offsetting cash collateral received from, and paid to, the same derivative counterparties, and the impact of netting derivative assets and derivative liabilities when a legally enforceable master netting agreement or similar agreement exists. See Note 15, "Derivative Financial Instruments," for additional information.
2 Beginning January 1, 2018, the Company reclassified equity securities previously presented in Securities available for sale to Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Reclassifications have been made to previously reported amounts for comparability. See Note 9, "Other Assets," for additional information.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



The following tables present the difference between fair value and the aggregate UPB for which the FVO has been elected for certain trading loans, LHFS, LHFI, brokered time deposits, and long-term debt instruments.
(Dollars in millions)
Fair Value at
March 31, 2018
 
Aggregate UPB at
March 31, 2018
 
Fair Value
Over/(Under)
Unpaid Principal
Fair Value at
September 30, 2018
 
Aggregate UPB at
September 30, 2018
 
Fair Value
Over/(Under)
Unpaid Principal
Assets:          
Trading loans
$2,189
 
$2,142
 
$47

$2,171
 
$2,160
 
$11
LHFS:          
Accruing1,428
 1,397
 31
1,822
 1,775
 47
LHFI:          
Accruing183
 190
 (7)162
 171
 (9)
Nonaccrual5
 7
 (2)6
 8
 (2)

Liabilities:
          
Brokered time deposits302
 304
 (2)384
 379
 5
Long-term debt209
 203
 6
235
 230
 5
          
(Dollars in millions)
Fair Value at
December 31, 2017
 
Aggregate UPB at
December 31, 2017
 

Fair Value
Over/(Under)
Unpaid Principal
Fair Value at
December 31, 2017
 
Aggregate UPB at
December 31, 2017
 

Fair Value
Over/(Under)
Unpaid Principal
Assets:          
Trading loans
$2,149
 
$2,111
 
$38

$2,149
 
$2,111
 
$38
LHFS:          
Accruing1,576
 1,533
 43
1,576
 1,533
 43
Past due 90 days or more1
 1
 
1
 1
 
LHFI:          
Accruing192
 198
 (6)192
 198
 (6)
Nonaccrual4
 6
 (2)4
 6
 (2)

Liabilities:
          
Brokered time deposits236
 233
 3
236
 233
 3
Long-term debt530
 517
 13
530
 517
 13


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



The following tables present the changechanges in fair value during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 of financial instruments for which the FVO has been elected, as well as for residential MSRs.elected. The tables do not reflect the change in fair value attributable to related economic hedges that the Company uses to mitigate market-related risks associated with the financial instruments. Generally, changes in the fair value of economic
hedges are recognized in Trading income, Mortgage production related income, Mortgage
servicing related income, Commercial real estate related income, or Other noninterest income as appropriate, and are designed to partially offset the change in fair value of the financial instruments referenced in the tables below. The Company’s economic hedging activities are deployed at both the instrument and portfolio level.

Fair Value Gain/(Loss) for the Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018 for Items Measured at Fair Value
Pursuant to Election of the FVO
Fair Value Gain/(Loss) for the Three Months Ended
September 30, 2018 for Items Measured at Fair Value
Pursuant to Election of the FVO
 
Fair Value Gain/(Loss) for the Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2018 for Items Measured at Fair Value
Pursuant to Election of the FVO
(Dollars in millions)
Trading
Income
 
Mortgage
Production
Related
Income
1
 
Mortgage
Servicing
Related
Income
 
Other
Noninterest
Income
 
Total
Changes in
Fair Values
Included in
 Earnings 2
Trading Income 
Mortgage Production Related
 Income 1
 Mortgage Servicing Related Income Other Noninterest Income 
Total Changes in Fair Values Included in Earnings 2
 
Trading
Income
 
Mortgage
Production
Related
Income
1
 
Mortgage
Servicing
Related
Income
 
Other
Noninterest
Income
 
Total
Changes in
Fair Values
Included in
 Earnings 2
Assets:                            
Trading loans
$2
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$2

$3
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$3
 
$10
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$10
LHFS
 (13) 
 
 (13)
 5
 
 
 5
 
 (3) 
 
 (3)
LHFI
 
 
 (2) (2)
 
 
 (1) (1) 
 
 
 (4) (4)
Residential MSRs
 3
 56
 
 59

 3
 (11) 
 (8) 
 7
 15
 
 22
Liabilities:                            
Brokered time deposits7
 
 
 
 7
(4) 
 
 
 (4) 6
 
 
 
 6
Long-term debt3
 
 
 
 3
1
 
 
 
 1
 6
 
 
 
 6
1 Income related to LHFS does not include income from IRLCs. For the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, income related to residential MSRs includes income recognized upon the sale of loans reported at LOCOM.
2 Changes in fair value for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 exclude accrued interest for the period then ended. Interest income or interest expense on trading loans, LHFS, LHFI, brokered time deposits, and long-term debt that have been elected to be measured at fair value are recognized in Interest income or Interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.


Fair Value Gain/(Loss) for the Three Months Ended
March 31, 2017 for Items Measured at Fair Value
Pursuant to Election of the FVO
Fair Value Gain/(Loss) for the Three Months Ended
September 30, 2017 for Items Measured at Fair Value
Pursuant to Election of the FVO
 
Fair Value Gain/(Loss) for the Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2017 for Items Measured at Fair Value
Pursuant to Election of the FVO
(Dollars in millions)Trading
Income
 
Mortgage
Production
Related
Income
1
 Mortgage
Servicing
Related
Income
 Other
Noninterest
Income
 
Total
Changes in
Fair Values
Included in
Earnings
2
Trading Income 
Mortgage Production Related
 Income 1
 Mortgage Servicing Related Income Other Noninterest Income 
Total Changes in Fair Values Included in Earnings 2
 Trading
Income
 
Mortgage
Production
Related
Income
1
 Mortgage
Servicing
Related
Income
 Other
Noninterest
Income
 
Total
Changes in
Fair Values
Included in
Earnings
2
Assets:                            
Trading loans
$2
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$2

$8
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$8
 
$16
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$16
LHFS
 12
 
 
 12

 21
 
 
 21
 
 44
 
 
 44
LHFI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1
 1
Residential MSRs
 1
 (24) 
 (23)
 1
 (70) 
 (69) 
 3
 (195) 
 (192)
Liabilities:                            
Brokered time deposits1
 
 
 
 1

 
 
 
 
 2
 
 
 
 2
Long-term debt6
 
 
 
 6
5
 
 
 
 5
 16
 
 
 
 16
1 Income related to LHFS does not include income from IRLCs. For the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017, income related to residential MSRs includes income recognized upon the sale of loans reported at LOCOM.
2 Changes in fair value for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017 exclude accrued interest for the period then ended. Interest income or interest expense on trading loans, LHFS, LHFI, brokered time deposits, and long-term debt that have been elected to be measured at fair value are recognized in Interest income or Interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.





Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



The following is a discussion of the valuation techniques and inputs used in estimating fair value for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and classified as level 1, 2, and/or 3.basis.

Trading Assets and Derivative Instruments and Investment Securities Available for Sale
Unless otherwise indicated, trading assets are priced by the trading desk and investment securities AFS are valued by an independent third party pricing service. The third party pricing service gathers relevant market data and observable inputs, such as new issue data, benchmark curves, reported trades, credit spreads, and dealer bids and offers, and integrates relevant credit information, market movements, and sector news into its matrix pricing and other market-based modeling techniques.

U.S. Treasury Securities
The Company estimates the fair value of its U.S. Treasury securities based on quoted prices observed in active markets; as such, these investments are classified as level 1.

Federal Agency Securities
The Company includes in this classification securities issued by federal agencies and GSEs. Agency securities consist of debt obligations issued by HUD, FHLB, and other agencies, as well as securities collateralized by loans that are guaranteed by the SBA, and thus, are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. For SBA instruments, the Company estimates fair value based on pricing from observable trading activity for similar securities or from a third party pricing service. Accordingly, these instruments are classified as level 2.
U.S. States and Political Subdivisions
The Company’s investments in U.S. states and political subdivisions (collectively “municipals”) include obligations of county and municipal authorities and agency bonds, which are general obligations of the municipality or are supported by a specified revenue source. Holdings are geographically dispersed, with no significant concentrations in any one state or municipality. Additionally, all AFS municipal obligations classified as level 2 are highly rated or are otherwise collateralized by securities backed by the full faith and credit of the federal government.
MBS – Agency
Agency MBS includes pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations issued by GSEs and U.S. government agencies, such as Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Ginnie Mae. Each security contains a guarantee by the issuing GSE or agency. For agency MBS, the Company estimates fair value based on pricing from observable trading activity for similar securities or from a third party pricing service; accordingly, the Company classified these instruments as level 2.
MBS – Non-agencyNon-Agency
Non-agency residential MBS includes purchased interests in third party securitizations, as well as retained interests in Company-sponsored securitizations of 2006 and 2007 vintage residential mortgages (including both prime jumbo fixed rate collateral and floating rate collateral). At the time of purchase or origination, these securities had high investment grade ratings; however, they have experienced deterioration in credit quality leading to downgrades to non-investment grade levels. The
 
Company obtains pricing for these securities from an independent pricing service. The Company evaluates third party pricing to determine the reasonableness of the information relative to changes in market data, such as any recent trades, information received from market participants and analysts, and/or changes in the underlying collateral performance. At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company classified non-agency residential MBS as level 2 and level 3, respectively.3.
Non-agency commercial MBS consists of purchased interests in third party securitizations. These interests have high investment grade ratings, and the Company obtains pricing for these securities from an independent pricing service. The Company has classified these non-agency commercial MBS as level 2, as the third party pricing service relies on observable data for similar securities in active markets.
Asset-Backed Securities
ABS classified as securities AFS includes purchased interests in third party securitizations collateralized by home equity loans. At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company classified ABS as level 2 and level 3, respectively.3.
Corporate and Other Debt Securities
Corporate debt securities are comprised predominantly of senior and subordinate debt obligations of domestic corporations and are classified as level 2. Other debt securities classified as AFS include bonds that are redeemable with the issuer at par. At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company classified other debt securities AFS as level 2 and level 3, respectively.
Commercial Paper
The Company acquires CP that is generally short-term in nature (maturity of less than 30 days) and highly rated. The Company estimates the fair value of this CP based on observable pricing from executed trades of similar instruments; as such, CP is classified as level 2.
Equity Securities
The Company estimates the fair value of its equity securities classified as trading assets based on quoted prices observed in active markets; accordingly, these investments are classified as level 1.

Derivative Instruments
The Company holds derivative instruments for both trading and risk management purposes. Level 1 derivative instruments generally include exchange-traded futures or option contracts for which pricing is readily available. The Company’s level 2 instruments are predominantly OTC swaps, options, and forwards, measured using observable market assumptions for interest rates, foreign exchange, equity, and credit. Because fair values for OTC contracts are not readily available, the Company estimates fair values using internal, but standard, valuation models. The selection of valuation models is driven by the type of contract: for option-based products, the Company uses an appropriate option pricing model such as Black-Scholes. For forward-based products, the Company’s valuation methodology is generally a discounted cash flow approach.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



The Company's derivative instruments classified as level 2 are primarily transacted in the institutional dealer market and priced with observable market assumptions at a mid-market valuation point, with appropriate valuation adjustments for liquidity and credit risk. See Note 15, “Derivative Financial Instruments, for additional information on the Company's derivative instruments.
The Company's derivative instruments classified as level 3 include IRLCs that satisfy the criteria to be treated as derivative financial instruments. The fair value of IRLCs on LHFS, while based on interest rates observable in the market, is highly dependent on the ultimate closing of the loans. These “pull-through” rates are based on the Company’s historical data and reflect the Company’s best estimate of the likelihood that a commitment will result in a closed loan. As pull-through rates increase, the fair value of IRLCs also increases. Servicing value is included in the fair value of IRLCs, and the fair value of servicing is determined by projecting cash flows, which are then discounted to estimate an expected fair value. The fair value of servicing is impacted by a variety of factors, including prepayment assumptions, discount rates, delinquency rates, contractually specified servicing fees, servicing costs, and underlying portfolio characteristics. Because these inputs are not transparent in market trades, IRLCs are considered to be level 3 assets. During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, the Company transferred $26 million and $43 million, respectively, of net IRLC assets out of level 3 as the associated loans were closed. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company transferred $6$51 million of net IRLC liabilities and $36$157 million, respectively, of net IRLC assets out of level 3, as the associated loans were closed.
    
Trading Loans
The Company engages in certain businesses whereby electing to measure loans at fair value for financial reporting aligns with the underlying business purpose. Specifically, loans included within this classification include trading loans that are (i) made or acquired in connection with the Company’s TRS business, (ii) part of the loan sales and trading business within the Company’s Wholesale segment, or (iii) backed by the SBA. See Note 10, "Certain Transfers of Financial Assets and Variable Interest Entities," and Note 15, “Derivative Financial Instruments,” for further discussion of this business. All of these loans are classified as level 2 due to the nature of market data that the Company uses to estimate fair value.
The loans made in connection with the Company’s TRS business are short-term, senior demand loans supported by a pledge agreement granting first priority security interest to the Bank in all the assets held by the borrower, a VIE with assets comprised primarily of corporate loans. While these TRS-related loans do not trade in the market, the Company believes that the par amount of the loans approximates fair value and no unobservable assumptions are used by the Company to value these loans. At both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had $1.9 billion and $1.7 billion, andrespectively, of these short-term loans outstanding, measured at fair value.
The loans from the Company’s sales and trading business are commercial and corporate leveraged loans that are either traded in the market or for which similar loans trade. The Company elected to measure these loans at fair value since they
are actively traded. For botheach of the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized an immaterial amount of gains/(losses) in the Consolidated Statements of
Income due to changes in fair value attributable to instrument-specific credit risk. The Company is able to obtain fair value estimates for substantially all of these loans through a third party valuation service that is broadly used by market participants. While most of the loans are traded in the market, the Company does not believe that trading activity qualifies the loans as level 1 instruments, as the volume and level of trading activity is subject to variability and the loans are not exchange-traded. At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, $74$65 million and $48 million, respectively, of loans related to the Company’s trading business were held in inventory.
SBA loans are similar to SBA securities discussed herein under “Federal agency securities,” except for their legal form. In both cases, the Company trades instruments that are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government as to contractual principal and interest and there is sufficient observable trading activity upon which to base the estimate of fair value. As these SBA loans are fully guaranteed, the changes in fair value are attributable to factors other than instrument-specific credit risk. At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company held $448$182 million and $368 million of SBA loans in inventory, respectively.
Loans Held for Sale and Loans Held for Investment
Residential Mortgage LHFS
The Company values certain newly-originated residential mortgage LHFS at fair value based upon defined product criteria. The Company chooses to fair value these residential mortgage LHFS to eliminate the complexities and inherent difficulties of achieving hedge accounting and to better align reported results with the underlying economic changes in value of the loans and related hedge instruments. Any origination fees are recognized within Mortgage production related income in the Consolidated Statements of Income when earned at the time of closing. The servicing value is included in the fair value of the loan and is initially recognized at the time the Company enters into IRLCs with borrowers. The Company employs derivative instruments to economically hedge changes in interest rates and the related impact on servicing value in the fair value of the loan. The mark-to-market adjustments related to LHFS and the associated economic hedges are captured in Mortgage production related income.
LHFS classified as level 2 are primarily agency loans which trade in active secondary markets and are priced using current market pricing for similar securities, adjusted for servicing, interest rate risk, and credit risk. Non-agency residential mortgage LHFS are also included in level 2.
For residential mortgages that the Company has elected to measure at fair value, the Company recognized an immaterial amount of gains/(losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Income due to changes in fair value attributable to borrower-specific credit risk for botheach of the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017. In addition to borrower-specific credit risk, there are other more significant variables that drive changes in the fair values of the loans, including interest rates and general market conditions.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Commercial Mortgage LHFS
The Company values certain commercial mortgage LHFS at fair value based upon observable current market prices for similar
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



loans. These loans are generally transferred to agencies within 90 days of origination. The Company had commitments from agencies to purchase these loans at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017; therefore, they are classified as level 2. Origination fees are recognized within Commercial real estate related income in the Consolidated Statements of Income when earned at the time of closing. To mitigate the effect of interest rate risk inherent in entering into IRLCs with borrowers, the Company enters into forward contracts with investors at the same time that it enters into IRLCs with borrowers. The mark-to-market adjustments related to commercial mortgage LHFS, IRLCs, and forward contracts are recognized in Commercial real estate related income. For commercial mortgages that the Company has elected to measure at fair value, the Company recognized no gains/(losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Income due to changes in fair value attributable to borrower-specific credit risk for botheach of the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017.
LHFI
LHFI classified as level 3 includes predominantly mortgage loans that are not marketable, largely due to the identification of loan defects. The Company chooses to measure these mortgage LHFI at fair value to better align reported results with the underlying economic changes in value of the loans and any related hedging instruments. The Company values these loans using a discounted cash flow approach based on assumptions that are generally not observable in current markets, such as prepayment speeds, default rates, loss severity rates, and discount rates. Level 3 LHFI also includes mortgage loans that are valued using collateral based pricing. Changes in the applicable housing price index since the time of the loan origination are considered and applied to the loan's collateral value. An additional discount representing the return that a buyer would require is also considered in the overall fair value.
Residential Mortgage Servicing Rights
The Company records residential MSR assets at fair value using a discounted cash flow approach. The fair values of residential MSRs are impacted by a variety of factors, including prepayment assumptions, discount rates, delinquency rates, contractually specified servicing fees, servicing costs, and underlying portfolio characteristics. The underlying assumptions and estimated values are corroborated by values received from independent third parties based on their review of the servicing portfolio, and comparisons to market transactions. Because these inputs are not transparent in market trades, residential MSRs are classified as level 3 assets. For additional information see Note 8, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets."
Other Assets
The Company estimates the fair value of its mutual fund investments and other equity securities with readily determinable fair values based on quoted prices observed in active markets; therefore, these investments are classified as level 1.

During the second quarter of 2018, the Company reclassified $22 million of nonmarketable equity securities to
 
marketable equity securities due to newly available, readily determinable fair value information observed in active markets.
Liabilities
Trading Liabilities and Derivative Instruments
Trading liabilities are comprised primarily of derivative contracts, including IRLCs that satisfy the criteria to be treated as derivative financial instruments, as well as various contracts (primarily U.S. Treasury securities, corporate and other debt securities) that the Company uses in certain of its trading businesses. The Company's valuation methodologies for these derivative contracts and securities are consistent with those discussed within the corresponding sections herein under “Trading Assets and Derivative Instruments and Investment Securities Available for Sale.”
During the second quarter of 2009, in connection with its sale of Visa Class B shares, the Company entered into a derivative contract whereby the ultimate cash payments received or paid, if any, under the contract are based on the ultimate resolution of the Litigation involving Visa. The fair value of the derivative is estimated based on the Company’s expectations regarding the ultimate resolution of that Litigation. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the derivative involve a high degree of judgment and subjectivity; accordingly, the derivative liability is classified as level 3. See Note 14, "Guarantees," for a discussion of the valuation assumptions.
Brokered Time Deposits
The Company has elected to measure certain CDs that contain embedded derivatives at fair value. This fair value election better aligns the economics of the CDs with the Company’s risk management strategies. The Company evaluated, on an instrument by instrument basis, whether a new issuance would be measured at fair value.
The Company has classified CDs measured at fair value as level 2 instruments due to the Company's ability to reasonably measure all significant inputs based on observable market variables. The Company employs a discounted cash flow approach based on observable market interest rates for the term of the CD and an estimate of the Bank's credit risk. For any embedded derivative features, the Company uses the same valuation methodologies as if the derivative were a standalone derivative, as discussed herein underin the "Derivative instruments."Instruments" section above.
Long-termLong-Term Debt
The Company has elected to measure at fair value certain fixed rate issuances of public debt that are valued by obtaining price indications from a third party pricing service and utilizing broker quotes to corroborate the reasonableness of those marks. Additionally, information from market data of recent observable trades and indications from buy side investors, if available, are taken into consideration as additional support for the value. Due to the availability of this information, the Company determined that the appropriate classification forclassifies these debt issuances isas level 2. The Company utilizes derivative instruments to convert interest rates on its fixed rate debt to floating rates. The Company elected to measure certain fixed rate debt issuances at fair value to align the accounting for the
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



debt with the accounting for offsetting derivative positions, without having to apply complex hedge accounting.
The Company has elected to measure certain debt issuances that contain embedded derivatives at fair value. This fair value election better aligns the economics of the debt with the Company’s risk management strategies. The Company evaluated, on an instrument by instrument basis, whether a new issuance would be measured at fair value. The Company has classified these instruments measured at fair value as level 2
instruments due to the Company's ability to reasonably measure all significant inputs based on observable market variables. The Company employs a discounted cash flow approach based on observable market interest rates for the term of the debt and an estimate of the Parent Company's credit risk. For any embedded derivative features, the Company uses the same valuation methodologies that would be used if the derivative were a standalone derivative, as discussed in the "Derivative Instruments" section above.


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



The valuation technique and range, including weighted average, of the unobservable inputs associated with the Company's level 3 assets and liabilities are as follows:
  Level 3 Significant Unobservable Input Assumptions
(Dollars in millions)
Fair value March 31,
September 30, 2018
 Valuation Technique Unobservable Input 
Range
(weighted average) (Weighted Average) 1
Assets       
Trading assets and derivative instruments:      
Derivative instruments, net 12

$13
 Internal model Pull through rate 36-100% (79%40-100% (82%)
 MSR value 41-19028-173 bps (120(116 bps)
LHFI183162
 Monte Carlo/Discounted cash flow Option adjusted spread 62-784 bps (181(177 bps)
Conditional prepayment rate7-244-27 CPR (13(12 CPR)
Conditional default rate0-2 CDR (0.7 CDR)
56
Collateral based pricingAppraised value
NM 23
Residential MSRs1,9162,062
 Monte Carlo/Discounted cash flow Conditional prepayment rate 6-335-30 CPR (13 CPR)
 Option adjusted spread 0-116% (4%0-113% (3%)
1 Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value of the financial instruments.
2Amount represents the net of IRLC assets and liabilities and includes the derivative liability associated with the Company's sale of Visa shares. Refer to the "Trading Liabilities and Derivative Instruments" section herein for a discussion of valuation assumptions related to the Visa derivative liability.
23 Not meaningful.
  Level 3 Significant Unobservable Input Assumptions
(Dollars in millions)
Fair value
December 31, 2017
 Valuation Technique 
Unobservable Input 1
 
Range
(weighted average)Weighted Average) 2
Assets       
Trading assets and derivative instruments:      
Derivative instruments, net 23

$—
 Internal model Pull through rate 41-100% (81%)
 MSR value 41-190 bps (113 bps)
Securities AFS:       
MBS - non-agency residential59
 Third party pricing N/A  
ABS8
 Third party pricing N/A  
Corporate and other debt securities5
 Cost N/A  
LHFI192
 Monte Carlo/Discounted cash flow Option adjusted spread 62-784 bps (215 bps)
 Conditional prepayment rate 2-34 CPR (11 CPR)
 Conditional default rate 0-5 CDR (0.7 CDR)
4
 Collateral based pricing Appraised value 
NM 34
Residential MSRs1,710
 Monte Carlo/Discounted cash flow Conditional prepayment rate 6-30 CPR (13 CPR)
 Option adjusted spread 1-125% (4%)
1 For certain assets and liabilities where the Company utilizes third party pricing, the unobservable inputs and their ranges are not reasonably available, and therefore, have been noted as not applicable ("N/A").
2 Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value of the financial instruments.
3 Amount represents the net of IRLC assets and liabilities and includes the derivative liability associated with the Company's sale of Visa shares. Refer to the "Trading Liabilities and Derivative Instruments" section herein for a discussion of valuation assumptions related to the Visa derivative liability.
34 Not meaningful.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



The following tables present a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (other than servicing rights which are disclosed in Note 8, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”). Transfers into and out
of the fair value hierarchy levels are assumed to occur at the end
of the period in which the transfer occurred. None of the transfers into or out of level 3 have been the result of using alternative valuation approaches to estimate fair values. There were no transfers between level 1 and 2 during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Fair Value Measurements
Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Fair Value Measurements
Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Dollars in millions)Beginning
Balance
January 1,
2018
 Included
in
Earnings
 OCI Purchases Sales Settlements Transfers to/from Other Balance Sheet Line Items Transfers
into
Level 3
 Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Fair Value
March 31,
2018
 
Included in
Earnings
(held at
March 31, 2018 1)
 Beginning
Balance
July 1,
2018
 Included
in
Earnings
 OCI Purchases Sales Settlements Transfers to/from Other Balance Sheet Line Items Transfers
into
Level 3
 Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Fair Value
September 30,
2018
Assets                                         
Trading assets:                                         
Derivative instruments, net
$—
 
($6)
2 

$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$1
 
$6
 
$—
 
$—
 
$1
 
$16
2 

$3
 
$18
1 

$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$8
 
($26) 
$—
 
$—
 
$3
Securities AFS:                      
MBS - non-agency residential59
 
 
 
 
 (2) 
 
 (57) 
 
 
ABS8
 
 
 
 
 (1) 
 
 (7) 
 
 
Corporate and other debt securities5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (5) 
 
 
Total securities AFS72
 


 
 
 (3) 
 
 (69) 
 
 
                                         
LHFI196
 (2)
3 

 
 
 (7) 
 1
 
 188
 (3)
3 
177
 
2 

 
 
 (9) 
 
 
 168


 
Fair Value Measurements
Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Dollars in millions)Beginning
Balance
January 1,
2018
 Included
in
Earnings
 OCI Purchases Sales Settlements Transfers to/from Other Balance Sheet Line Items Transfers
into
Level 3
 Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Fair Value
September 30,
2018
Assets                   
Trading assets:                   
Derivative instruments, net
$—
 
$36
1 

$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$10
 
($43) 
$—
 
$—
 
$3
Securities AFS:                   
MBS - non-agency residential59
 
 
 
 
 (2) 
 
 (57) 
ABS8
 
 
 
 
 (1) 
 
 (7) 
Corporate and other debt securities5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (5) 
Total securities AFS72
 


 
 
 (3) 
 
 (69) 
                    
LHFI196
 (3)
2 

 
 
 (26) 
 1
 
 168
1 Change in unrealized gains/(losses) included in earnings during the period related to financial assets still held at March 31, 2018.
2 Includes issuances, fair value changes, and expirations. Amount related to residential IRLCs is recognized in Mortgage production related income, amount related to commercial IRLCs is recognized in Commercial real estate related income, and amount related to Visa derivative liability is recognized in Other noninterest expense. Included $10 million and $7 million in earnings during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, related to changes in unrealized gains on net derivative instruments still held at September 30, 2018.
2 Amounts are generally included in Mortgage production related income; however, the mark on certain fair value loans is included in Other noninterest income. Included $0 and $4 million in earnings during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, related to changes in unrealized losses on LHFI still held at September 30, 2018.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued




 
Fair Value Measurements
Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Dollars in millions)Beginning
Balance
July 1,
2017
 Included
in
Earnings
 OCI Purchases Sales Settlements Transfers to/from Other Balance Sheet Line Items Transfers
into
Level 3
 Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Fair Value
September 30,
2017
Assets                   
Trading assets:                   
Derivative instruments, net
$4
 
$52
1 

$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$1
 
($51) 
$—
 
$—
 
$6
Securities AFS:                   
U.S. states and political subdivisions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MBS - non-agency residential67
 
 1
2 

 
 (6) 
 
 
 62
ABS9
 
 
 
 
 (1) 
 
 
 8
Corporate and other debt securities5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5
Total securities AFS81
 
 1
2 

 
 (7) 
 
 
 75
                    
Residential LHFS2
 
 
 
 (2) (1) (1) 3
 
 1
LHFI214
 
3 

 
 
 (9) 1
 
 
 206


 
Fair Value Measurements
Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Dollars in millions)Beginning
Balance
January 1,
2017
 Included
in
Earnings
 OCI Purchases Sales Settlements Transfers to/from Other Balance Sheet Line Items Transfers
into
Level 3
 Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Fair Value
September 30,
2017
Assets                   
Trading assets:                   
Derivative instruments, net
$6
 
$157
1 

$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
($157) 
$—
 
$—
 
$6
Securities AFS:                   
U.S. states and political subdivisions4
 
 
 
 
 (4) 
 
 
 
MBS - non-agency residential74
 
 1
2 

 
 (13) 
 
 
 62
ABS10
 
 
 
 
 (2) 
 
 
 8
Corporate and other debt securities5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5
Total securities AFS93
 

1
2 

 
 (19) 
 
 
 75
                    
Residential LHFS12
 
 
 
 (22) (1) (3) 17
 (2) 1
LHFI222
 1
3 

 
 
 (24) 3
 4
 
 206
1 Includes issuances, fair value changes, and expirations. Amount related to residential IRLCs is recognized in Mortgage production related income, amount related to commercial IRLCs is recognized in Commercial real estate related income, and amount related to Visa derivative liability is recognized in Other noninterest expense. Included $19 million and $17 million in earnings during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, related to changes in unrealized gains on net derivative instruments still held at September 30, 2017.
2 Amounts recognized in OCI are included in change in net unrealized gains on securities AFS, net of tax.
3 Amounts are generally included in Mortgage production related income; however, the mark on certain fair value loans is included in Other noninterest income.

 
Fair Value Measurements
Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
(Dollars in millions)Beginning
Balance
January 1,
2017
 Included
in
Earnings
 OCI Purchases Sales Settlements Transfers to/from Other Balance Sheet Line Items Transfers
into
Level 3
 Transfers
out of
Level 3
 Fair Value
March 31,
2017
 
Included in
Earnings
(held at
March 31,
2017 1)
 
Assets                      
Trading assets:                      
Derivative instruments, net
$6
 
$48
2 

$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
($1) 
($36) 
$—
 
$—
 
$17
 
$30
2 
Securities AFS:                      
U.S. states and political subdivisions4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4
 
 
MBS - non-agency residential74
 
 (1)
3 

 
 (2) 
 
 
 71
 
 
ABS10
 
 
 

 
 (1) 
 
 
 9
 
 
Corporate and other debt securities5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5
 
 
Total securities AFS93
 

(1)
3 

 
 (3) 
 
 
 89
 
 
                       
Residential LHFS12
 
 
 
 (14) 
 (2) 10
 
 6
 
 
LHFI222
 
 
 
 
 (6) 1
 4
 
 221
 
 
1 Change in unrealized gains included Included $0 and $1 million in earnings during the periodthree and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, related to financial assetschanges in unrealized gains on LHFI still held at March 31,September 30, 2017.
2 Includes issuances, fair value changes, and expirations. Amount related to residential IRLCs is recognized in Mortgage production related income and amount related to Visa derivative liability is recognized in Other noninterest expense.
3 Amounts recognized in OCI are included in change in net unrealized losses on securities AFS, net of tax.


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present gains and losses recognized on assets still held at period end, and measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017. Adjustments to fair value generally result from the application
of LOCOM, or the
measurement alternative, or through write-downs of individual assets. The tables do not reflect changes in fair value attributable to economic hedges the Company may have used to mitigate interest rate risk associated with LHFS.
  Fair Value Measurements 
(Losses)/Gains for the
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018
  Fair Value Measurements 
(Losses)/Gains for the
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2018
 
(Losses)/Gains for the
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2018
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 September 30, 2018 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
LHFS
$13
 
$—
 
$13
 
$—
 
$—

$12
 
$—
 
$12
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
LHFI48
 
 
 48
 
17
 
 
 17
 
 
OREO23
 
 
 23
 (2)22
 
 1
 21
 (3) (4)
Other assets41
 
 31
 10
 15
63
 
 44
 19
 3
 18
                    
  Fair Value Measurements 
Losses for the
Year Ended
December 31, 2017
  Fair Value Measurements 
Losses for the
Year Ended
December 31, 2017
  
(Dollars in millions)December 31, 2017 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 December 31, 2017 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 
LHFS
$13
 
$—
 
$13
 
$—
 
$—

$13
 
$—
 
$13
 
$—
 
$—
  
LHFI49
 
 
 49
 
49
 
 
 49
 
  
OREO24
 
 1
 23
 (4)24
 
 1
 23
 (4)  
Other assets53
 
 4
 49
 (43)53
 
 4
 49
 (43)  

Discussed below are the valuation techniques and inputs used in estimating fair values for assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and classified as level 2 and/or 3.
Loans Held for Sale
At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, LHFS classified as level 2 consisted of commercial loans that were valued using market prices and measured at LOCOM. There were no gains/(losses) recognized in earnings during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 or during the year ended December 31, 2017 as the charge-offs related to these loans are a component of the ALLL.

Loans Held for Investment
At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, LHFI classified as level 3 consisted primarily of consumer loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy that had not been reaffirmed by the borrower, as well as nonperforming CRE loans for which specific reserves had been recognized. Cash proceeds from the sale of the underlying collateral is the expected source of repayment for a majority of these loans. Accordingly, the fair value of these loans is derived from the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, incorporating market data if available. Due to the lack of market data for similar assets, all of these loans are classified as level 3. There were no gains/(losses) recognized during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 or during the year ended December 31, 2017, as the charge-offs related to these loans are a component of the ALLL.

OREO
OREO is measured at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell. Level 2 OREO consists primarily of residential homes, commercial properties, and vacant lots and land for which binding purchase agreements exist. Level 3 OREO consists primarily of residential homes, commercial properties, and vacant lots and land for which initial valuations are based on property-specific appraisals, broker pricing opinions, or other
 
limited, highly subjective market information. Updated value estimates are received regularly for level 3 OREO.

Other Assets
Other assets consistsconsist of equity investments, other repossessed assets, assets under operating leases where the Company is the lessor, branch properties, land held for sale, and software.
Pursuant to the adoption of ASU 2016-01 on January 1, 2018, the Company elected the measurement alternative for measuring certain equity securities without readily determinable fair values, which are adjusted based on any observable price changes in orderly transactions. These equity securities are classified as level 2 based on the valuation methodology and associated inputs. During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, the Company recognized a remeasurement gaingains of $23$7 million and $30 million on these equity securities.securities, respectively.
Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-01, equity investments were evaluated for potential impairment based on the expected remaining cash flows to be received from these assets discounted at a market rate that is commensurate with the expected risk, considering relevant company-specific valuation multiples, where applicable. Based on the valuation methodology and associated unobservable inputs, these investments are classified as level 3. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized an immaterial amount of impairment charges on its equity investments.
Other repossessed assets comprisesinclude repossessed personal property that is measured at fair value less cost to sell. These assets are classified as level 3 as their fair value is determined based on a variety of subjective, unobservable factors. There were no losses recognized in earnings by the Company on other repossessed assets during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 or during the year ended December 31, 2017, as the
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



as the impairment charges on repossessed personal property were a component of the ALLL.
The Company monitors the fair value of assets under operating leases where the Company is the lessor and recognizes impairment on the leased asset to the extent the carrying value is not recoverable and is greater than its fair value. Fair value is determined using collateral specific pricing digests, external appraisals, broker opinions, recent sales data from industry equipment dealers, and the discounted cash flows derived from the underlying lease agreement. As market data for similar assets and lease arrangements is available and used in the valuation, these assets are considered level 2. No impairment charges were recognized duringDuring each of the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 attributable to changes in the fair value of various personal property under operating leases. Duringand the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized an immaterial amount of impairment charges attributable to changes in the fair value of various personal property under operating leases.
Branch properties are classified as level 3, as their fair value is based on market comparablesproperty-specific appraisals and broker opinions. The Company recognized an immaterial amount of impairment on
 
Company recognized no impairment on branch properties during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized impairment charges of $10 million on branch properties.
Land held for sale is recorded at the lesser of carrying value or fair value less cost to sell, and is considered level 3 as its fair value is determined based on market comparablesproperty-specific appraisals and broker opinions. The Company recognized no impairment charges on land held for sale during the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized an immaterial amount of impairment charges on land held for sale.
Software consisted primarily of external software licenses and internally developed software that were impaired and for which fair value was determined using a level 3 measurement. This resulted in impairment charges of $8 million during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, and $28 million during the year ended December 31, 2017. No impairment charges were recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2018.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows:
  March 31, 2018 Fair Value Measurements September 30, 2018 Fair Value Measurements
(Dollars in millions)
Measurement
Category
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Measurement
Category
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets:                     
Cash and cash equivalentsAmortized cost 
$7,304
 
$7,304
 
$7,304
 
$—
 
$—
Amortized cost 
$7,605
 
$7,605
 
$7,605
 
$—
 
$—
Trading assets and derivative instrumentsFair value 5,112
 5,112
 485
 4,610
 17
Fair value 5,676
 5,676
 638
 5,026
 12
Securities AFSFair value 30,934
 30,934
 4,340
 26,594
 
Fair value 30,984
 30,984
 4,133
 26,851
 
LHFSFair value
1 

2,377
 2,389
 
 2,348
 41
Amortized cost 139
 142
 
 110
 32
LHFSFair value 1,822
 1,822
 
 1,822
 
Amortized cost
2 

140,924
 141,174
 
 
 141,174
Amortized cost 145,424
 144,480
 
 
 144,480
OtherAmortized cost
3 

561
 561
 143
 
 418
LHFI, netFair value 168
 168
 
 
 168
Amortized cost 545
 545
 
 
 545
Other 1
Fair value 92
 92
 92
 
 
 
Time depositsAmortized cost 13,715
 13,478
 
 13,478
 
Consumer and other time depositsAmortized cost 15,166
 14,889
 
 14,889
 
Brokered time depositsAmortized cost 662
 738
 
 738
 
Fair value 384
 384
 
 384
 
Short-term borrowingsAmortized cost 3,572
 3,572
 
 3,572
 
Amortized cost 7,940
 7,940
 
 7,940
 
Long-term debtAmortized cost
2 

10,692
 10,743
 
 9,631
 1,112
Amortized cost 14,054
 14,125
 
 12,396
 1,729
Long-term debtFair value 235
 235
 
 235
 
Fair value 1,737
 1,737
 841
 880
 16
Fair value 1,863
 1,863
 886
 968
 9
1 Certain LHFS are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value.
2 The Company elected to measure certain LHFI and fixed rate debt issuances at fair value on a recurring basis.
3 Other financial assets recorded at amortized cost consist primarily of FHLB of Atlanta stock and Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta stock. Other financial assets also includerecorded at fair value consist of mutual fund investments and other equity securities with readily determinable fair values, which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis.values.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



  December 31, 2017 Fair Value Measurements December 31, 2017 Fair Value Measurements
(Dollars in millions)Measurement Category 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3Measurement Category 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets:                     
Cash and cash equivalentsAmortized cost 
$6,912
 
$6,912
 
$6,912
 
$—
 
$—
Amortized cost 
$6,912
 
$6,912
 
$6,912
 
$—
 
$—
Trading assets and derivative instrumentsFair value 5,093
 5,093
 608
 4,469
 16
Fair value 5,093
 5,093
 608
 4,469
 16
Securities AFSFair value 30,947
 30,947
 4,331
 26,544
 72
Fair value 30,947
 30,947
 4,331
 26,544
 72
LHFSFair value
1 

2,290
 2,293
 
 2,239
 54
Amortized cost 713
 716
 
 662
 54
LHFSFair value 1,577
 1,577
 
 1,577
 
Amortized cost
2 

141,446
 141,575
 
 
 141,575
Amortized cost 141,250
 141,379
 
 
 141,379
OtherAmortized cost
3 

474
 474
 56
 
 418
LHFI, netFair value 196
 196
 
 
 196
Amortized cost 418
 418
 
 
 418
Other 1
Fair value 56
 56
 56
 
 
 
Time depositsAmortized cost 12,076
 11,906
 
 11,906
 
Consumer and other time depositsAmortized cost 12,076
 11,906
 
 11,906
 
Brokered time depositsAmortized cost 749
 725
 
 725
 
Fair value 236
 236
 
 236
 
Short-term borrowingsAmortized cost 4,781
 4,781
 
 4,781
 
Amortized cost 4,781
 4,781
 
 4,781
 
Long-term debtAmortized cost
2 

9,785
 9,892
 
 8,834
 1,058
Amortized cost 9,255
 9,362
 
 8,304
 1,058
Long-term debtFair value 530
 530
 
 530
 
Fair value 1,283
 1,283
 769
 498
 16
Fair value 1,283
 1,283
 769
 498
 16
1 Certain LHFS are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value.
2 The Company elected to measure certain LHFI and fixed rate debt issuances at fair value on a recurring basis.
3 Other financial assets recorded at amortized cost consist primarily of FHLB of Atlanta stock and Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta stock. Other financial assets also includerecorded at fair value consist of mutual fund investments and other equity securities with readily determinable fair values, which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis.values.

Unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit are not included in the table above. At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had $68.3$71.1 billion and $66.4 billion, respectively, of unfunded commercial loan commitments and letters of credit. A reasonable estimate of the fair value of these instruments is the carrying value of deferred fees plus the related unfunded commitments reserve, which was a combined $73
 
$74 million and $84 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. No active trading market exists for these instruments, and the estimated fair value does not include value associated with the borrower relationship. The Company does not estimate the fair values of consumer unfunded lending commitments which can generally be canceled by providing notice to the borrower.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



NOTE 17 – CONTINGENCIES
Litigation and Regulatory Matters
In the ordinary course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries are parties to numerous civil claims and lawsuits and subject to regulatory examinations, investigations, and requests for information. Some of these matters involve claims for substantial amounts. The Company’s experience has shown that the damages alleged by plaintiffs or claimants are often overstated, based on unsubstantiated legal theories, unsupported by facts, and/or bear no relation to the ultimate award that a court might grant. Additionally, the outcome of litigation and regulatory matters and the timing of ultimate resolution are inherently difficult to predict. These factors make it difficult for the Company to provide a meaningful estimate of the range of reasonably possible outcomes of claims in the aggregate or by individual claim. However, on a case-by-case basis, reserves are established for those legal claims in which it is probable that a loss will be incurred and the amount of such loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company's financial statements at March 31,September 30, 2018 reflect the Company's current best estimate of probable losses associated with these matters, including costs to comply with various settlement agreements, where applicable. The actual costs of resolving these claims may be substantially higher or lower than the amounts reserved.
For a limited number of legal matters in which the Company is involved, the Company is able to estimate a range of reasonably possible losses in excess of related reserves, if any. Management currently estimates these losses to range from $0 to approximately $160 million. This estimated range of reasonably possible losses represents the estimated possible losses over the life of such legal matters, which may span a currently indeterminable number of years, and is based on information available at March 31,September 30, 2018. The matters underlying the estimated range will change from time to time, and actual results may vary significantly from this estimate. Those matters for which an estimate is not possible are not included within this estimated range; therefore, this estimated range does not represent the Company’s maximum loss exposure. Based on current knowledge, it is the opinion of management that liabilities arising from legal claims in excess of the amounts currently reserved, if any, will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. However, in light of the significant uncertainties involved in these matters and the large or indeterminate damages sought in some of these matters, an adverse outcome in one or more of these matters could be material to the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows for any given reporting period.
The following is a description of certain litigation and regulatory matters:
Card Association Antitrust Litigation
The Company is a defendant, along with Visa and MasterCard,Mastercard, as well as several other banks, in several antitrust lawsuits challenging their practices. For a discussion regarding the Company’s involvement in this litigation matter, see Note 14, “Guarantees.”

 
Bickerstaff v. SunTrust Bank
This case was filed in the Fulton County State Court on July 12, 2010, and an amended complaint was filed on August 9, 2010. Plaintiff asserts that all overdraft fees charged to his account which related to debit card and ATM transactions are actually interest charges and therefore subject to the usury laws of Georgia. Plaintiff has brought claims for violations of civil and criminal usury laws, conversion, and money had and received, and purports to bring the action on behalf of all Georgia citizens who incurred such overdraft fees within the four years before the complaint was filed where the overdraft fee resulted in an interest rate being charged in excess of the usury rate. On April 8, 2013, the plaintiff filed a motion for class certification and that motion was denied but the ruling was later reversed and remanded by the Georgia Supreme Court. On October 6, 2017, the trial court granted plaintiff's motion for class certification and the Bank filed an appeal of the decision on November 3, 2017.
Mutual Funds ERISA Class Actions
Company Stock Class Action
Beginning in July 2008, the Company and certain officers, directors, and employees of the Company were named in a class action alleging that they breached their fiduciary duties under ERISA by offering the Company's common stock as an investment option in the SunTrust Banks, Inc. 401(k) Plan (the “Plan”). The plaintiffs sought to represent all current and former Plan participants who held the Company stock in their Plan accounts from May 15, 2007 to March 30, 2011 and seek to recover alleged losses these participants supposedly incurred as a result of their investment in Company stock.
This case was originally filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida but was transferred to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, Atlanta Division (the “District Court”), in November 2008. Since the filing of the case, various amended pleadings, motions, and appeals were made by the parties that ultimately resulted in the District Court granting a motion for summary judgment for certain non-fiduciary defendants and granting certain of the plaintiffs' motion for class certification. The class is defined as "All persons, other than Defendants and members of their immediate families, who were participants in or beneficiaries of the SunTrust Banks, Inc. 401(k) Savings Plan (the "Plan") at any time between May 15, 2007 and March 30, 2011, inclusive (the "Class Period") and whose accounts included investments in SunTrust common stock ("SunTrust Stock") during that time period and who sustained a loss to their account as a result of the investment in SunTrust Stock." The parties agreed to a settlement wherein the Company would pay approximately $5 million to a settlement fund in addition to other non-monetary reliefs. On March 12, 2018, the District Court preliminarily approved the settlement. The Company awaits the District Court's final approval of the settlement.
Mutual Funds Class Actions
On March 11, 2011, the Company and certain officers, directors, and employees of the Company were named in a putative class action alleging that they breached their fiduciary duties under
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



ERISA by offering certain STI Classic Mutual Funds as investment options in the Plan. The plaintiffs purport to represent all current and former Plan participants who held the STI Classic Mutual Funds in their Plan accounts from April 2002 through December 2010 and seek to recover alleged losses these Plan participants supposedly incurred as a result of their investment in the STI Classic Mutual Funds. This action is pending in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, Atlanta Division (the “District Court”). Subsequently, plaintiffs' counsel initiated a substantially similar lawsuit against the Company naming two new plaintiffs. On June 27, 2014, Brown, et al. v. SunTrust Banks, Inc., et al., another putative class action alleging breach of fiduciary duties associated with the inclusion of STI Classic Mutual Funds as investment options in the Plan, was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia but then was transferred to the District Court.
After various appeals, the cases were remanded to the District Court. On March 25, 2016, a consolidated amended complaint was filed, consolidating all of these pending actions into one case. The Company filed an answer to the consolidated amended complaint on June 6, 2016. Subsequent to the closing of fact discovery, plaintiffs filed their second amended consolidated complaint on December 19, 2017 which among other things named five new defendants. On January 2, 2018, defendants filed their answer to the second amended consolidated complaint. Defendants' motion for Partial Summary Judgmentpartial summary judgment was filed on January 12, 2018, and on January 16, 2018 the plaintiffs filed for motion for class certification. Defendants' motion for partial summary judgment was granted by the District Court on May 2, 2018, which held that all claims prior to March 11, 2005 have been dismissed as well as dismissing three individual defendants from action. On June 27, 2018, the District Court granted the plaintiffs' motion for class certification. An additional motion for partial summary judgment was filed by defendants on October 5, 2018.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Intellectual Ventures II v. SunTrust Banks, Inc. and SunTrust Bank
This action was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia on July 24, 2013. Plaintiff alleged that SunTrust violates five patents held by plaintiff in connection with SunTrust’s provision of online banking services and other systems and services. Plaintiff seeks damages for alleged patent infringement of an unspecified amount, as well as attorney’s fees and expenses. The matter was stayed on October 7, 2014 pending inter partes reviews of a number of the claims asserted against SunTrust. After completion of those reviews, plaintiff dismissed its claims regarding four of the five patents on August 1, 2017.

United States Mortgage Servicing Settlement
In the second quarter of 2014, STM and the U.S., through the DOJ, HUD, and Attorneys General for several states, reached a final settlement agreement related to the National Mortgage Servicing Settlement. The settlement agreement became effective on September 30, 2014 when the court entered the Consent Judgment. Pursuant to the settlements, STM made $50 million in cash payments, provided $500 million of consumer relief, and implemented certain mortgage servicing standards. In an August 10, 2017 report, the independent Office of Mortgage Settlement Oversight ("OMSO"), appointed to review and certify compliance with the provisions of the settlement, confirmed that STM fulfilled its consumer relief commitments of the settlement. STM's mortgage servicing standard obligations
concluded on March 31, 2018. Testing ofOn August 22, 2018, the OMSO issued its final compliance period results by an internal review group, and semi-annually byreport confirming that STM completed its obligations under the OMSO, is ongoing.settlement.

United States Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York Foreclosure Expense Investigation
In April 2013, STM began cooperating with the United States Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York (the "Southern District") in a broad-based industry investigation regarding claims for foreclosure-related expenses charged by law firms in connection with the foreclosure of loans guaranteed or insured by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, or FHA. The investigation relates to a private litigant qui tam lawsuit. On March 27, 2018, the United States Attorney's Office filed notice with the Southern District that it did not intend to intervene in the matter as to STM, and, on the same date, the qui tam matter was unsealed. On April 3, 2018, the private litigant filed an amended complaint alleging violations of the False Claims Act by various servicers, including STM.
LR Trust v. SunTrust Banks, Inc., et al.
In November 2016, the Company and certain officers and directors were named as defendants in a shareholder derivative action alleging that defendants failed to take action related to activities at issue in the National Mortgage Servicing, HAMP, and FHA Originations settlements, and certain other legal
matters or to ensure that the alleged activities in each were remedied and otherwise appropriately addressed. Plaintiff sought an award in favor of the Company for the amount of damages sustained by the Company, disgorgement of alleged benefits obtained by defendants, and enhancements to corporate governance and internal controls. On September 18, 2017, the district court dismissed this matter and on October 16, 2017, plaintiff filed an appeal. A settlement of the matter was reached in which the defendants agreed to pay $585,000 and the Company committed to certain non-monetary corporate governance activities through March 2021. Preliminary approval of the settlement was granted by the district court on September 18, 2018.

Millennium Lender Claim Trust v. STRH and SunTrust Bank, et al.
In August 2017, the Trustee of the Millennium Lender Claim Trust filed a suit in the New York State Court against STRH, SunTrust Bank, and other lenders of the $1.775 B Millennium Health LLC f/k/a Millennium Laboratories LLC (“Millennium”) syndicated loan. The Trustee alleges that the loan was actually a security and that defendants misrepresented or omitted to state material facts in the offering materials and communications provided concerning the legality of Millennium's sales, marketing, and billing practices and the known risks posed by a pending government investigation into the illegality of such practices. The Trustee brings claims for violation of the California Corporate Securities Law, the Massachusetts Uniform Securities Act, the Colorado Securities Act, and the Illinois Securities Law, as well as negligent misrepresentation and seeks rescission of sales of securities as well as unspecified rescissory damages, compensatory damages, punitive damages, interest, and attorneys' fees and costs. The defendants have removed the case to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York and the Trustee has movedTrustee's motion to remand the case back to state court.court was denied.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



NOTE 18 - BUSINESS SEGMENT REPORTING
The Company operates and measures business activity across two segments: Consumer and Wholesale,, with functional activities included in Corporate Other. The Company's business segment structure is based on the manner in which financial information is evaluated by management as well as the products and services provided or the type of client served. In the second quarter of 2018, certain business banking clients within Commercial Banking were transferred from the Wholesale segment to the Consumer segment to create greater consistency in delivering tailored solutions to business banking clients through the alignment of client coverage and client service in branches. Prior period business segment results were revised to conform with this updated business segment structure. Additionally, the transfer resulted in a reallocation of goodwill from Wholesale to Consumer, as disclosed in Note 8, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets."
The following is a description of the segments and their primary businesses at March 31,September 30, 2018.

The Consumer segment is made up of four primary businesses:
Consumer Banking provides services to individual consumers, and branch-managed small business, and business banking clients through an extensive network of traditional and in-store branches, ATMs, the internetonline banking (www.suntrust.com), mobile banking, and by telephone (1-800-SUNTRUST). Financial products and services offered to consumers and small business clients include deposits and payments, loans, and various fee-based services. Consumer Banking also serves as an entry point for clients and provides services for other businesses.
Consumer Lending offers an array of lending products to individual consumers and small business clients via the Company's Consumer Banking and PWM businesses, through the internet (www.suntrust.com and www.lightstream.com), as well as through various national offices and partnerships. Products offered include home equity lines, personal credit lines and loans, direct auto, indirect auto, student lending, credit cards, and other lending products.
PWM provides a full array of wealth management products and professional services to individual consumers and institutional clients, including loans, deposits, brokerage, professional investment advisory, and trust services to clients seeking active management of their financial resources. Institutional clients are served by the Institutional Investment Solutions business. Discount/online and full-service brokerage products are offered to individual clients through STIS. Investment advisory products and services are offered to clients by STAS, an SEC registered investment advisor. PWM also includes GFO Advisory Services, LLC, which provides family office solutions to clients and their families to help them manage and sustain wealth across multiple generations, including family meeting facilitation, consolidated reporting, expense management, specialty asset management, and business transition advice, as well as other wealth management disciplines.
Mortgage Banking offers residential mortgage products nationally through its retail and correspondent channels, the internet (www.suntrust.com), and by telephone (1-800-SUNTRUST). These products are either sold in the secondary market, primarily with servicing rights retained, or held in the Company’s loan portfolio. Mortgage Banking also services loans for other investors, in addition to loans held in the Company’s loan portfolio.
The Company plans to mergesuccessfully merged its STM and Bank legal entities in the third quarter of 2018. The Company has received conditional regulatory approval forSubsequent to the merger, whichmortgage operations have continued under the Bank’s charter. This merger will simplify the Company's organizational structure and allow it to more fully serve the needs of clients. There were no material financial impacts associated with the merger, other than the tax impacts described in Note 12, “Income Taxes.”
is subject to final approval from the appropriate regulatory authorities once certain merger transaction documents have been executed. These entities are both part of the Company's Consumer business segment, and the merged entity would remain within Consumer. Subsequent to the merger, it is anticipated that STM will conduct operations under the Bank’s name and charter. The planned merger resulted in an increase in the Company’s valuation allowance recorded for STM's state carryforwards in the first quarter of 2018, as described in Note 12, “Income Taxes.” The Company is continuing to evaluate the anticipated impacts of the merger; however, no additional material impacts are currently expected.
The Wholesale segment is made up of three primary businesses and the Treasury & Payment Solutions product group:
CIB delivers comprehensive capital markets solutions, including advisory, capital raising, and financial risk management, with the goal of serving the needs of both public and private companies in the Wholesale segment and PWM business. Investment Banking and Corporate Banking teams within CIB serve clients across the nation, offering a full suite of traditional banking and investment banking products and services to companies with annual revenues typically greater than $150 million. Investment Banking serves select industry segments including consumer and retail, energy, technology, financial services, healthcare, industrials, and media and communications. Corporate Banking serves clients across diversified industry sectors based on size, complexity, and frequency of capital markets issuance. Also managed within CIB isalso includes the EquipmentCompany's Asset Finance Group, which provides leaseoffers a full complement of asset-based financing solutions (through SunTrust Equipment Finance & Leasing).
such as securitizations, asset-based lending, equipment financing, and structured real estate arrangements.
Commercial & Business Banking offers an array of traditional banking products, including lending, cash management, and investment banking solutions via STRHCIB, to commercial clients (generally clients with revenues between $1$5 million and $250 million), including not-for-profit organizations, and governmental entities, as well ashealthcare and aging services, and auto dealer financing (floor plan inventory financing). Local teams deliver these solutions along with the Company's industry expertise to commercial clients to help them achieve smart growth.
Commercial Real Estate provides a full range of financial solutions for commercial real estate developers, owners,credit and operators, including construction, mini-perm, and permanent real estate financing,deposit services as well as tailored financingfee-based product offerings to privately held real estate companies and equity investment solutions via STRH.institutional funds operating within the office, retail, multifamily, and industrial property sectors. Commercial Real Estate also provides multi-family agency lending and servicing, as well as loan administration, advisory, and commercial mortgage brokerage services via its Agency Lending division. Additionally, Commercial Real Estate offers tailored financing and equity investment
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



solutions for community development and affordable housing projects through PillarSTCC., with particular expertise in Low Income Housing Tax Credits and New Market Tax Credits. The Institutional Property Group business targets relationships with REITs, pension fund advisors, private funds, homebuilders, and insurance companies and the Regional business focuses on private real estate owners and developers through a regional delivery structure. Commercial Real Estate alsoThe Investor Services Group offers tailored financingloan administration, special servicing, valuation, and equity investment solutions for community development and affordable housing projects through STCC, withadvisory services to third party clients.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



particular expertise in Low Income Housing Tax Credits and New Market Tax Credits.
Treasury & Payment Solutions provides business clients in the Wholesale clients segment with services required to manage their payments and receipts, combined with the ability to manage and optimize their deposits across all aspects of their business. Treasury & Payment Solutions operates all electronic and paper payment types, including card, wire transfer, ACH, check, and cash. It also provides clients the means to manage their accounts electronically online, both domestically and internationally.

Corporate Other includes management of the Company’s investment securities portfolio, long-term debt, end user derivative instruments, short-term liquidity and funding activities, balance sheet risk management, and most real estate assets. Corporate Other also includesassets, as well as the Company's functional activities such as marketing, SunTrust online, human resources, finance, ER, legal, and compliance, communications, procurement, enterprise information services, corporate real estate, and executive management.management, among others. Additionally, for all periods prior to January 1, 2018, the results of PAC were reported previously in the Wholesale segment and were reclassified to Corporate Other for enhanced comparability of the Wholesale segment results excluding PAC. See Note 2, "Acquisitions/Dispositions," toin the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information related to the sale of PAC in December 2017.
Because business segment results are presented based on management accounting practices, the transition to the consolidated results prepared under U.S. GAAP creates certain differences, which are reflected in reconciling items. Business segment reporting conventions are described below:below.
Net interest income-FTE – is reconciled from Net interest income and is grossed-up on an FTE basis to make income from tax-exempt assets comparable to other taxable
products. Segment results reflect matched maturity funds transfer pricing, which ascribes credits or charges based on the economic value or cost created by assets and liabilities of each segment. Differences between these credits and charges are captured as reconciling items. The change in this
variance is generally attributable to corporate balance sheet management strategies.
Provision for credit losses – represents net charge-offs by segment combined with an allocation to the segments for the provision attributable to each segment's quarterly change in the ALLL and unfunded commitments reserve balances.
Noninterest income – includes federal and state tax credits that are grossed-up on a pre-tax equivalent basis, related primarily to certain community development investments.
Provision for income taxes-FTE – is calculated using a blended income tax rate for each segment and includes reversals of the tax adjustments and credits described above. The difference between the calculated provision for income taxes at the segment level and the consolidated provision for income taxes is reported as reconciling items.
The segment’s financial performance is comprised of direct financial results and allocations for various corporate functions that provide management an enhanced view of the segment’s financial performance. Internal allocations include the following:
Operational costs – expenses are charged to segments based on an activity-based costing process, which also allocates residual expenses to the segments. Generally, recoveries of these costs are reported in Corporate Other.
Support and overhead costs – expenses not directly attributable to a specific segment are allocated based on various drivers (number of equivalent employees, number of PCs/laptops, net revenue, etc.). Recoveries for these allocations are reported in Corporate Other.
The application and development of management reporting methodologies is an active process and undergoes periodic enhancements. The implementation of these enhancements to the internal management reporting methodology may materially affect the results disclosed for each segment, with no impact on consolidated results. If significant changes to management reporting methodologies take place, the impact of these changes is quantified and prior period information is revised, when practicable.



Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Three Months Ended March 31, 2018Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
(Dollars in millions)Consumer Wholesale Corporate Other Reconciling
Items
 ConsolidatedConsumer Wholesale Corporate Other Reconciling
Items
 Consolidated
Balance Sheets:                  
Average LHFI
$74,093
 
$68,741
 
$90
 
($4) 
$142,920

$75,414
 
$70,485
 
$96
 
$—
 
$145,995
Average consumer and commercial deposits103,099
 56,050
 204
 (184) 159,169
111,930
 47,773
 212
 (567) 159,348
Average total assets83,716
 82,472
 35,489
 2,455
 204,132
86,112
 84,766
 35,612
 905
 207,395
Average total liabilities103,925
 61,902
 13,877
 (177) 179,527
112,879
 54,284
 16,481
 (524) 183,120
Average total equity
 
 
 24,605
 24,605

 
 
 24,275
 24,275
Statements of Income:                  
Net interest income
$961
 
$563
 
($28) 
($55) 
$1,441

$1,079
 
$550
 
($49) 
($68) 
$1,512
FTE adjustment
 20
 1
 (1) 20

 22
 1
 (1) 22
Net interest income-FTE 1
961
 583
 (27) (56) 1,461
1,079
 572
 (48) (69) 1,534
Provision/(benefit) for credit losses 2
60
 (32) 
 
 28
Net interest income after provision/(benefit) for credit losses-FTE901
 615
 (27) (56) 1,433
Provision for credit losses 2
36
 25
 
 
 61
Net interest income after provision for credit losses-FTE1,043
 547
 (48) (69) 1,473
Total noninterest income443
 371
 14
 (32) 796
445
 373
 10
 (46) 782
Total noninterest expense966
 477
 (21) (5) 1,417
994
 433
 (38) (5) 1,384
Income before provision for income taxes-FTE378
 509
 8
 (83) 812
494
 487
 
 (110) 871
Provision for income taxes-FTE 3
83
 119
 9
 (44) 167
113
 115
 (52) (59) 117
Net income including income attributable to noncontrolling interest295
 390
 (1) (39) 645
381
 372
 52
 (51) 754
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
 
 2
 
 2
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
 
 2
 
 2
Net income
$295
 
$390
 
($3) 
($39) 
$643

$381
 
$372
 
$50
 
($51) 
$752
1 Presented on a matched maturity funds transfer price basis for the segments.
2 Provision/(benefit)Provision for credit losses represents net charge-offs by segment combined with an allocation to the segments for the provision/(benefit)provision attributable to quarterly changes in the ALLL and unfunded commitment reserve balances.
3 Includes regular provision for income taxes as well as FTE income and tax credit adjustment reversals.


  Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 1, 2
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 1, 2
(Dollars in millions)Consumer Wholesale Corporate Other Reconciling
Items
 ConsolidatedConsumer Wholesale Corporate Other Reconciling
Items
 Consolidated
Balance Sheets:                  
Average LHFI
$71,147
 
$71,237
 
$1,286
 
$—
 
$143,670

$74,742
 
$68,568
 
$1,399
 
($3) 
$144,706
Average consumer and commercial deposits101,941
 56,866
 117
 (50) 158,874
109,774
 49,515
 189
 (59) 159,419
Average total assets81,265
 84,632
 35,241
 3,114
 204,252
84,345
 82,573
 36,286
 2,534
 205,738
Average total liabilities102,896
 62,512
 15,196
 (23) 180,581
110,713
 55,054
 15,406
 (8) 181,165
Average total equity
 
 
 23,671
 23,671

 
 
 24,573
 24,573
Statements of Income:                  
Net interest income
$894
 
$527
 
$26
 
($81) 
$1,366

$999
 
$511
 
($5) 
($75) 
$1,430
FTE adjustment
 34
 1
 (1) 34

 36
 1
 
 37
Net interest income-FTE 3
894
 561
 27
 (82) 1,400
999
 547
 (4) (75) 1,467
Provision for credit losses 4
88
 32
 
 (1) 119
Net interest income after provision for credit losses-FTE806
 529
 27
 (81) 1,281
Provision/(benefit) for credit losses 4
140
 (19) 
 (1) 120
Net interest income after provision/(benefit) for credit losses-FTE859
 566
 (4) (74) 1,347
Total noninterest income464
 401
 24
 (42) 847
482
 397
 19
 (52) 846
Total noninterest expense992
 479
 (2) (4) 1,465
927
 421
 48
 (5) 1,391
Income before provision for income taxes-FTE278
 451
 53
 (119) 663
414
 542
 (33) (121) 802
Provision for income taxes-FTE 5
100
 168
 (6) (69) 193
150
 201
 (18) (71) 262
Net income including income attributable to noncontrolling interest178
 283
 59
 (50) 470
264
 341
 (15) (50) 540
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
 
 2
 
 2
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
 
 2
 
 2
Net income
$178
 
$283
 
$57
 
($50) 
$468

$264
 
$341
 
($17) 
($50) 
$538
1
During the second quarter of 2018, certain of the Company's business banking clients were transferred from the Wholesale business segment to the Consumer business segment. For all periods prior to the second quarter of 2018, the corresponding financial results have been transferred to the Consumer business segment for comparability purposes.
2
During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company sold PAC, the results of which were previously reported within the Wholesale business segment. For all periods prior to January 1, 2018, PAC's financial results, including the gain on sale, have been transferred to Corporate Other for enhanced comparability of the Wholesale business segment excluding PAC.
3
Presented on a matched maturity funds transfer price basis for the segments.
4
Provision/(benefit) for credit losses represents net charge-offs by segment combined with an allocation to the segments for the provision/(benefit) attributable to quarterly changes in the ALLL and unfunded commitment reserve balances.
5
Includes regular provision for income taxes as well as FTE income and tax credit adjustment reversals.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
(Dollars in millions)Consumer Wholesale Corporate Other Reconciling
Items
 Consolidated
Balance Sheets:         
Average LHFI
$75,122
 
$69,155
 
$93
 
($2) 
$144,368
Average consumer and commercial deposits111,025
 48,259
 205
 (330) 159,159
Average total assets85,124
 83,001
 35,563
 1,682
 205,370
Average total liabilities111,928
 54,383
 15,038
 (303) 181,046
Average total equity
 
 
 24,324
 24,324
Statements of Income:         
Net interest income
$3,144
 
$1,605
 
($120) 
($189) 
$4,440
FTE adjustment
 63
 2
 
 65
Net interest income-FTE 1
3,144
 1,668
 (118) (189) 4,505
Provision for credit losses 2
101
 19
 
 1
 121
Net interest income after provision for credit losses-FTE3,043
 1,649
 (118) (190) 4,384
Total noninterest income1,349
 1,124
 50
 (115) 2,408
Total noninterest expense2,995
 1,307
 (95) (16) 4,191
Income before provision for income taxes-FTE1,397
 1,466
 27
 (289) 2,601
Provision for income taxes-FTE 3
316
 346
 (29) (156) 477
Net income including income attributable to noncontrolling interest1,081
 1,120
 56
 (133) 2,124
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
 
 7
 
 7
Net income
$1,081
 
$1,120
 
$49
 
($133) 
$2,117
1 Beginning in the second quarter of 2017, the Company realigned its business segment structure from three segments to two segments. Specifically, the Company retained the previous composition of the Wholesale Banking segment and changed the basis of presentation of the Consumer Banking and Private Wealth Management segment and Mortgage Banking segment such that those segments were combined into a single Consumer segment. Accordingly, business segment information presented for the three months ended March 31, 2017 has been revised to conform to the new business segment structure and updated internal funds transfer pricing methodology for consistent presentation.
2 During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company sold PAC, the results of which were previously reported within the Wholesale business segment. For all periods prior to January 1, 2018, PAC's financial results, including the gain on sale, have been transferred to Corporate Other for enhanced comparability of the Wholesale business segment excluding PAC.
3Presented on a matched maturity funds transfer price basis for the segments.
42 Provision for credit losses represents net charge-offs by segment combined with an allocation to the segments for the provision attributable to quarterly changes in the ALLL and unfunded commitment reserve balances.
53 Includes regular provision for income taxes as well as FTE income and tax credit adjustment reversals.


 
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 1, 2
(Dollars in millions)Consumer Wholesale Corporate Other Reconciling
Items
 Consolidated
Balance Sheets:         
Average LHFI
$73,613
 
$69,303
 
$1,362
 
($2) 
$144,276
Average consumer and commercial deposits109,301
 49,724
 149
 (29) 159,145
Average total assets83,310
 82,916
 35,903
 2,704
 204,833
Average total liabilities110,264
 55,322
 15,110
 6
 180,702
Average total equity
 
 
 24,131
 24,131
Statements of Income:         
Net interest income
$2,915
 
$1,490
 
$29
 
($235) 
$4,199
FTE adjustment
 105
 2
 
 107
Net interest income-FTE 3
2,915
 1,595
 31
 (235) 4,306
Provision for credit losses 4
310
 19
 
 1
 330
Net interest income after provision for credit losses-FTE2,605
 1,576
 31
 (236) 3,976
Total noninterest income1,427
 1,169
 59
 (135) 2,520
Total noninterest expense2,939
 1,284
 34
 (14) 4,243
Income before provision for income taxes-FTE1,093
 1,461
 56
 (357) 2,253
Provision for income taxes-FTE 5
395
 544
 (11) (215) 713
Net income including income attributable to noncontrolling interest698
 917
 67
 (142) 1,540
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
 
 7
 
 7
Net income
$698
 
$917
 
$60
 
($142) 
$1,533
1
During the second quarter of 2018, certain of the Company's business banking clients were transferred from the Wholesale business segment to the Consumer business segment. For all periods prior to the second quarter of 2018, the corresponding financial results have been transferred to the Consumer business segment for comparability purposes.
2
During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company sold PAC, the results of which were previously reported within the Wholesale business segment. For all periods prior to January 1, 2018, PAC's financial results, including the gain on sale, have been transferred to Corporate Other for enhanced comparability of the Wholesale business segment excluding PAC.
3
Presented on a matched maturity funds transfer price basis for the segments.
4
Provision for credit losses represents net charge-offs by segment combined with an allocation to the segments for the provision attributable to quarterly changes in the ALLL and unfunded commitment reserve balances.
5
Includes regular provision for income taxes as well as FTE income and tax credit adjustment reversals.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



NOTE 19 - ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
Changes in the components of AOCI, net of tax, are presented in the following table:
(Dollars in millions)Securities AFS Derivative Instruments Brokered Time Deposits Long-Term Debt Employee Benefit Plans TotalSecurities AFS Derivative Instruments Brokered Time Deposits Long-Term Debt Employee Benefit Plans Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018           
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018           
Balance, beginning of period
($519) 
($459) 
($1) 
($2) 
($698) 
($1,679)
Net unrealized losses arising during the period(178) (37) 
 
 
 (215)
Amounts reclassified to net income
 17
 
 
 3
 20
Other comprehensive (loss)/income, net of tax(178) (20) 
 
 3
 (195)
Balance, end of period
($697) 
($479) 
($1) 
($2) 
($695) 
($1,874)
           
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017           
Balance, beginning of period
($5) 
($168) 
($1) 
($7) 
($596) 
($777)
Net unrealized gains arising during the period40
 6
 
 1
 
 47
Amounts reclassified to net income
 (8) 
 
 3
 (5)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax40
 (2) 
 1
 3
 42
Balance, end of period
$35
 
($170) 
($1) 
($6) 
($593) 
($735)
           
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018           
Balance, beginning of period
($1) 
($244) 
($1) 
($4) 
($570) 
($820)
($1) 
($244) 
($1) 
($4) 
($570) 
($820)
Cumulative effect adjustment related to ASU adoption 1
30
 (56) 
 (1) (127) (154)30
 (56) 
 (1) (127) (154)
Net unrealized (losses)/gains arising during the period(424) (125) 1
 2
 (5) (551)(725) (209) 
 3
 (7) (938)
Amounts reclassified to net income(1) 1
 
 
 3
 3
(1) 30
 
 
 9
 38
Other comprehensive (loss)/income, net of tax(425) (124) 1
 2
 (2) (548)(726) (179) 
 3
 2
 (900)
Balance, end of period
($396) 
($424) 
$—
 
($3) 
($699) 
($1,522)
($697) 
($479) 
($1) 
($2) 
($695) 
($1,874)
                      
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017           
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017           
Balance, beginning of period
($62) 
($157) 
($1) 
($7) 
($594)

($821)
($62) 
($157) 
($1) 
($7) 
($594)

($821)
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period2
 (16) 
 (1) (9) (24)98
 38
 
 1
 (9) 128
Amounts reclassified to net income
 (26) 
 
 4
 (22)(1) (51) 
 
 10
 (42)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax2
 (42) 
 (1) (5) (46)97
 (13) 
 1
 1
 86
Balance, end of period
($60) 
($199) 
($1) 
($8) 
($599) 
($867)
$35
 
($170) 
($1) 
($6) 
($593) 
($735)
1 Related to the Company's adoption of ASU 2018-02 on January 1, 2018. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," for additional information.


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued



Reclassifications from AOCI to Net income, and the related tax effects, are presented in the following table:
(Dollars in millions) Three Months Ended March 31Impacted Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Income Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30 Impacted Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Income
Details About AOCI Components 2018 2017  2018 2017 2018 2017 
Securities AFS:              
Realized gains on securities AFS 
($1) 
$—
 Net securities gains
Net realized gains on securities AFS 
$—
 
$—
 
($1) 
($1) Net securities gains
Tax effect 
 
 Provision for income taxes 
 
 
 
 Provision for income taxes
 (1) 
  
 
 (1) (1) 
Derivative Instruments:              
Realized losses/(gains) on cash flow hedges 1
 (41) Interest and fees on loans held for investment
Net realized losses/(gains) on cash flow hedges 22
 (13) 39
 (81) Interest and fees on loans held for investment
Tax effect 
 15
 Provision for income taxes (5) 5
 (9) 30
 Provision for income taxes
 17
 (8) 30
 (51) 
 1
 (26)          
Employee Benefit Plans:              
Amortization of prior service credit (2) (1) Employee benefits (2) (1) (5) (4) Employee benefits
Amortization of actuarial loss 6
 6
 Employee benefits 6
 6
 17
 18
 Employee benefits
 4
 5
  4
 5
 12
 14
 
Tax effect (1) (1) Provision for income taxes (1) (2) (3) (4) Provision for income taxes
 3
 4
  3
 3
 9
 10
 
              
Total reclassifications from AOCI to net income 
$3


($22)  
$20
 
($5) 
$38
 
($42) 

Item 2.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION

Important Cautionary Statement About Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements. Statements regarding: (i) 2018 on track to be the seventh consecutive year of growth in EPS, improved efficiency, and higher capital returns; (ii) future levels of net interest margin, noninterest income, the tangible efficiency ratio, share repurchases, the net charge-offcharge-offs to total average LHFI ratio, the ALLL hurricane-related losses, capital returns, costs associated with ongoing identity protection services offered to Consumer clients,period-end LHFI ratio, the NPLs to period-end LHFI ratio, and the provision for loan losses; (iii) the pace of expansion in our capital ratios, share repurchases, and investment banking income; (ii)net interest margin; (iv) the timing of our tangible efficiency ratio goals; (iii) future economic growth and investment and their impact on lending activity; (iv)(v) continued migration towards higher cost deposit products; (v)(vi) future trends or increases in deposit costs; (vii) our access to alternative funding sources; (viii) potential acceleration of share repurchases; (ix) the possible purchase of additional, or termination of existing, interest ratesrate swaps; (x) the amount and their effect on deposit products chosen by our customers; (vi) our abilitytiming of pre-tax deferred losses that will be reclassified from AOCI into net income related to absorb costs associated with ongoing identity protection services offered to Consumer clientsthe termination and settlement of the NCF pension plan; (xi) growth opportunities in our normal course of business; (vii) continued increases in capital returns to our shareholders; (viii) plans to merge our STM and Bank entities; (ix) the asset sensitivity of our balance sheet and our exposure to interest rate risk in future periods; (x) the future success of capital markets; (xi) the estimated impact of proposed regulatory capital rules;Wholesale segment; (xii) future changes in the size and composition of the securities AFS portfolio; (xiii) future impactsour flexibility to use our securities AFS portfolio to manage our interest rate risk profile; (xiv) the estimated impact of ASUs not yet adopted; (xiv) future impactsproposed regulatory capital rules and changes in banking laws, rules, and regulations; (xv) the impact of liabilities arising from legal claims;a gradual shift in interest rates on our MVE; and (xv)(xvi) future credit ratings and outlook, are forward-looking statements. Also, any statement that does not describe historical or current facts is a forward-looking statement. These statements often include the words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “target,” “forecast,” “future,” “strategy,” “goal,” “initiative,” “plan,” “opportunity,” “potentially,” “probably,” “project,” “outlook,” or similar expressions or future conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would,” and “could.” Such statements are based upon the current beliefs and expectations of management and on information currently available to management. They speak as of the date hereof, and we do not assume any obligation to update the statements made herein or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those contained in such statements in light of new information or future events.
Forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Investors are cautioned against placing undue reliance on such statements. Actual results may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements can be found in Part I, Item 1A., "Risk Factors"“Risk Factors,” in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K and in Part II, Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2018, and also include risks discussed in this Quarterly Report and in other periodic 2018 reports that we filefiled with the SEC. Such factors include: current and future legislation and regulation could require us to change our business practices, reduce revenue, impose additional costs, or otherwise adversely affect business operations or competitiveness; we are subject to stringent capital adequacy and liquidity requirements and our failure to meet these would adversely affect our financial condition; the monetary and
fiscal policies of the federal government and its agencies could have a material adverse effect on our earnings; our financial results have been, and may continue to be, materially affected by general economic
conditions, and a deterioration of economic conditions or of the financial markets may materially adversely affect our lending and other businesses and our financial results and condition; changes in market interest rates or capital markets could adversely affect our revenue and expenses, the value of assets and obligations, and the availability and cost of capital and liquidity; interest rates on our outstanding financial instruments might be subject to change based on regulatory developments, which could adversely affect our revenue, expenses, and the value of those financial instruments; our earnings may be affected by volatility in mortgage production and servicing revenues, and by changes in carrying values of our servicing assets and mortgages held for sale due to changes in interest rates; disruptions in our ability to access global capital markets may adversely affect our capital resources and liquidity; we are subject to credit risk; we may have more credit risk and higher credit losses to the extent that our loans are concentrated by loan type, industry segment, borrower type, or location of the borrower or collateral; we rely on the mortgage secondary market and GSEs for some of our liquidity; loss of customer deposits could increase our funding costs; any reduction in our credit rating could increase the cost of our funding from the capital markets; we are subject to litigation, and our expenses related to this litigation may adversely affect our results; we may incur fines, penalties and other negative consequences from regulatory violations, possibly even inadvertent or unintentional violations; we are subject to certain risks related to originating and selling mortgages, and may be required to repurchase mortgage loans or indemnify mortgage loan purchasers as a result of breaches of representations and warranties, or borrower fraud, and this could harm our liquidity, results of operations, and financial condition; we face risks as a servicer of loans; consumers and small businesses may decide not to use banks to complete their financial transactions, which could affect net income; we have businesses other than banking which subject us to a variety of risks; negative public opinion could damage our reputation and adversely impact business and revenues; we may face more intense scrutiny of our sales, training, and incentive compensation practices; we rely on other companies to provide key components of our business infrastructure; competition in the financial services industry is intense and we could lose business or suffer margin declines as a result; we continually encounter technological change and must effectively develop and implement new technology; maintaining or increasing market share depends on market acceptance and regulatory approval of new products and services; we have in the past and may in the future pursue acquisitions, which could affect costs and from which we may not be able to realize anticipated benefits; we depend on the expertise of key personnel, and if these individuals leave or change their roles without effective replacements, operations may suffer; we may not be able to hire or retain additional qualified personnel and recruiting and

compensation costs may increase as a result of turnover, both of which may increase costs and reduce profitability and may adversely impact our ability to implement our business

strategies; our framework for managing risks may not be effective in mitigating risk and loss to us; our controls and procedures may not prevent or detect all errors or acts of fraud; we are at risk of increased losses from fraud; our operational and communications systems and infrastructure may fail or may be the subject of a breach or cyber-attack that, if successful, could adversely affect our business and disrupt business continuity; a disruption, breach, or failure in the operational systems and infrastructure of our third party vendors and other service providers, including as a result of cyber-attacks, could adversely affect our business; natural disasters and other catastrophic events could have a material adverse impact on our operations
or our financial condition and results; the soundness of other
financial institutions could adversely affect us; we depend on the accuracy and completeness of information about clients and counterparties; our accounting policies and processes are critical to how we report our financial condition and results of operation, and they require management to make estimates about matters that are uncertain; depressed market values for our stock and adverse economic conditions sustained over a period of time may require us to write down all or some portion of our goodwill; our stock price can be volatile; we might not pay dividends on our stock; our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries or other investments could affect our liquidity and ability to pay dividends; and certain banking laws and certain provisions of our articles of incorporation may have an anti-takeover effect.


INTRODUCTION
We are a leading provider of financial services, with our headquarters located in Atlanta, Georgia. We are an organization driven by our Company purpose of Lighting the Way to Financial Well-Being — helping instill a sense of confidence in the financial circumstances of clients, communities, teammates, and shareholders is at the center of everything we do. Our principal subsidiary, SunTrust Bank, offers a full line of financial services for consumers, businesses, corporations, institutions, and not-for-profit entities, both through its branches (located primarily in Florida, Georgia, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Maryland, South Carolina, and the District of Columbia) and through other digital and national delivery channels. In addition to deposit, credit, mortgage banking, and trust and investment services offered by the Bank, our other subsidiaries provide capital markets, mortgage banking, securities brokerage, investment banking, and wealth management services. We operate two business segments: Consumer and Wholesale, with functional activities included in Corporate Other. See Note 18, "Business Segment Reporting," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for a description of our business segments.
This MD&A is intended to assist readers in their analysis of the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and supplemental financial information. It should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1
of this Form 10-Q, as well as other information contained in this document and in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K. When
we refer to “SunTrust,” “the Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us” in this report, we mean SunTrust Banks, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
In thethis MD&A, consistent with SEC guidance in Industry Guide 3 that contemplates the calculation of tax exempt income on a tax equivalent basis, we present net interest income, net interest margin, total revenue, and efficiency ratios on an FTE basis. The FTE basis adjusts for the tax-favored status of net interest income from certain loans and investments using a federal tax rate of 21% for all periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018 and 35% for all periods prior to January 1, 2018, as well as state income taxes, where applicable, to increase tax-exempt interest income to a taxable-equivalent basis. We believe this measure to bethe FTE basis is the preferred industry measurement ofbasis for net interest income, net interest margin, total revenue, and efficiency ratios, and that it enhances comparability of net interest income and total revenue arising from taxable and tax-exempt sources. Additionally, we present other non-U.S. GAAP metrics to assist investors in understanding management’s view of particular financial measures, as well as to align presentation of these financial measures with peers in the industry who may also provide a similar presentation. Reconcilements for all non-U.S. GAAP measures are provided in Table 19.20.


EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
Financial Performance
WeAided by a favorable operating environment, we delivered strong47% year-over-year diluted EPS growth, reflecting ongoing efficiency improvements, solid loan growth, higher capital return, and continued strong credit quality. Our sustained performance in these areas and our momentum going into the firstfourth quarter indicate that we are on track to realize our seventh consecutive year of 2018, resulting from strong asset quality, increased net interest income,growth in EPS, improved operating efficiency, and a reduction to the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate. higher capital returns.
Total revenue for the firstthird quarter of 2018 increased slightly compared to the first quarter of 2017,was down 1% sequentially and stable year-over-year, as higher net interestlower noninterest income was largely offset by lower noninteresthigher net interest income.
Net interest income increased 4%was $1.5 billion for the third quarter of 2018, an increase of 2% sequentially and 5% relative to the first quarter of 2017 due to net interest margin expansion. Noninterest income decreased $51 million, or 6%, compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017, driven largely by lower capital markets-related income, mortgage-related income,growth in average earning assets relative to both comparative periods and client transaction-related fees, offset partially by higher other noninterest income and modest improvements in other fee categories.
net interest margin expansion year-over-year. Our net interest margin decreased one basis point sequentially and increased 1512 basis points compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017. ThisThe year-over-year increase was driven primarily by a 32 basis point increase in averagehigher earning asset yields arising from higher benchmark interest rates, higher securities AFS yields given lower premium amortization expense, and positivefavorable mix shift in the LHFI portfolio. Weand securities AFS portfolios, and lower premium amortization expense, offset partially by higher rates paid on average interest-bearing liabilities. Looking to the fourth quarter of 2018, we expect net interest margin to increase one to threebetween zero and two basis points in the second quarter of 2018 compared to the firstthird quarter of 2018, largely as a result of the September 2018 Fed Funds rate hike in March 2018.increase. See additional discussion related to revenue, noninterest income, and net interest income and margin in the "Noninterest Income" and "Net Interest Income/Margin" sections of this MD&A. Also in this MD&A, see Table 11,12, "Net Interest Income Asset Sensitivity," for an analysis of potential changes in net interest income due to instantaneous moves in benchmark interest rates.
Noninterest income decreased 6% sequentially and 8% compared to the third quarter of 2017. The sequential decrease was due primarily to lower capital markets-related income, other noninterest income, and client transaction-related fees, which was offset partially by higher commercial real estate related income and wealth management-related income. Year-over-year, the decrease in noninterest income was driven by lower mortgage and capital markets-related income as well as lower client transaction-related fees. We expect noninterest income in the fourth quarter of 2018 to increase relative to the third quarter of 2018, given our solid capital markets pipelines and seasonally higher fee income in certain categories, including mortgage servicing and commercial real estate related income.
Noninterest expense decreased $48$6 million compared to the prior quarter and $7 million, or 3%1%, compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017. The sequential decrease was driven largely by lower employee compensation and benefits, other noninterest expense, net occupancy expense, and equipment expense, offset partially by higher outside processing and software costs and marketing and customer development costs. The decrease compared to the third quarter of 2017 driven primarilywas due to reductions in most expense categories, offset largely by lower operating losseshigher outside processing and ongoing efficiency initiatives. The reductionsoftware expense in operating losses was driven by a net benefitthe current quarter as well as the favorable resolution of $10 million related to the progression of certainseveral legal matters in additionthe third quarter of 2017.
Separately, in accordance with our previously announced decision to below average fraud losses. Other noninterest expense decreased dueterminate a pension plan that we acquired as part of the NCF acquisition in 2004, we expect to elevated efficiency-related charges recognizedreclassify approximately $61 million of pre-tax deferred losses from AOCI into net income upon settlement of the pension plan in the firstfourth quarter of 2017, including higher branch closure and severance costs. In addition, our FDIC premiums have been declining over the past few quarters as a result of our improved financial position. Though our expense base has and will vary from quarter to quarter, we remain focused on managing our expenses to provide funding for investments in talent, technology, and improved product offerings.2018. See additional discussion related to noninterest expense in the "Noninterest Expense" section of this MD&A.
For the firstthird quarter of 2018, our efficiency and tangible efficiency ratios were 62.8%59.8% and 62.1%58.9%, respectively, which represent slight increases compared to 65.2%the prior quarter ratios of 59.4% and 64.6% for58.7%, and improvements compared to the same period inthird quarter of 2017 ratios of 60.1% and 59.2%, respectively. Our efficiencyGiven the progress keeps uswe have made, we are on track to meetachieve our goal of afull-year tangible efficiency ratio goal of between 60% and 61% for 2018 and below 60% by 2019. We remain focused on continuing to create capacity to invest in technology and talent given the compelling opportunities we have to invest in growth, which we believe will create the most long-term value for 2019.our clients and our shareholders. See Table 19,20, "Selected Financial Data and Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures," in this MD&A for additional information regarding, and a reconciliation of, our tangible efficiency ratio.
Overall asset quality metrics werewas strong during the third quarter and first quarternine months of 2018, evidenced by our 0.22%0.24% annualized net charge-offcharge-offs to total average LHFI ratio and 0.50%0.47% NPL to period-end LHFI ratio. In addition, our ALLL to period-end LHFI ratio (excluding loans measured at fair value) decreased four basis points sequentially due primarily to improved economic and credit conditions. These low levels reflect the
relative strength across our LHFI portfolio, particularly in C&I, CRE, and residential mortgages, though we recognize that there could be variability and normalization moving forward. Overall, weWe expect to operate within aan annualized net charge-offcharge-offs to total average LHFI ratio of between 25 and 3530 basis points for the remainderfourth quarter of 2018 and2018. Additionally, we expect the ALLL to period-end LHFI ratio to declinestabilize, which would result in a provision for loan losses that modestly if current asset quality conditions are sustained.exceeds net charge-offs, given loan growth. See additional discussion of our credit and asset quality, in the “Loans,” “Allowance for Credit Losses,” and “Nonperforming Assets” sections of this MD&A.
Average LHFI for the first quarter of 2018 totaled $142.9 billion, down $750 million compared to the first quarter of 2017,grew 1% both sequentially and year-over-year as improved lending trends continued. These increases were driven largely by the sale of PACgrowth in December 2017 as well asCRE, consumer direct, and nonguaranteed residential mortgages, offset partially by declinesa decline in averageresidential home equity products and commercial construction loans, offset in part by growth across most consumer lending categories. We believe that tax reform, client optimism, and a generally positive economic backdrop will drive increased investment and growth, which will lead to increased lending activity. Overall, we are well positioned to meet our clients' needs, whether through lending, capital markets, or other solutions.products. See additional loan discussions in the “Loans,” “Nonperforming Assets,” and "Net Interest Income/Margin" sections of this MD&A.
Average consumer and commercial deposits remained stable comparedsequentially and year-over-year. Our clients continue to the first quarter of 2017, as our clients migratedmigrate from money market accounts and demandlower-cost deposits to CDs, in part due to our targeted strategy that allows us to retain our existing depositors and NOW accounts,capture new market share, while also managing our asset sensitivity profile. We believe this is an effective strategy and we expect thethis migration towards higher cost deposit productsCDs to continue as interest rates rise. Rates paid on our interest-bearing consumer and commercial deposits increased 17 basis points compared to the firstprior quarter and the third quarter of 2017 in response to rising benchmark interest rates. Our accessrates, the move towards higher-cost deposits, and the pickup in

lending activity. We expect deposit costs to low-cost funding has enabled uscontinue to prudently manage our funding base,trend upwards, with the trajectory influenced by the absolute level of interest rates, the pace of interest rate increases, and our rate discipline on deposits resulted in approximately 20% realized interest-bearing deposit beta in the first quarter of 2018.loan growth. We remain focused on maximizing the value proposition of deposits for our clients, outside of rate paid, by meeting more of our clients’ needs through strategic investments in talent and technology.paid. Our access to alternative funding is strong should deposit growth prove to be slower than expected. See additional discussion regarding average deposits in the "Net Interest Income/Margin" and "Deposits" sectionssection of this MD&A.
In April 2018, we announced an investigation of a theft by a former employee of information from some of our contact lists. Although the investigation is ongoing, we are proactively notifying approximately 1.5 million clients that certain information, such as name, address, phone number, and certain account balances may have been exposed. The contact lists did not include personally identifying information, such as social security number, account number, PIN, user ID, password, or driver’s license information. We are working with outside experts and coordinating with law enforcement on this matter, and we have not identified significant fraudulent activity to date as a result of the potential theft. We have also heightened our monitoring of accounts and increased other related security measures. That said, we are guided by our purpose of Lighting The Way To Financial Well-Being and this applies to our clients’ information security as well. For this reason, we have offered a broad set of ongoing identity protection services to all Consumer

clients free-of-charge, and we expect to be able to absorb the modest costs for these services in our normal course of business.
Capital and Liquidity
Our capital ratios continue to be well above regulatory requirements. OurThe CET1 ratio increaseddecreased slightly to 9.84%9.60% at March 31,September 30, 2018, a 1014 basis point improvementdecline compared to December 31, 2017, driven primarily by strong growth in retained earnings,risk weighted assets, offset partially by an increase in treasury stock.retained earnings. Our Tier 1 capital and Total capital ratios declined compared to December 31, 2017, due to the impact of our previously announced redemption of all outstanding shares of Series E Preferred Stock in Marchthe first quarter of 2018. Additionally, ourOur book value and tangible book value per common share both decreased 2%remained relatively stable compared to December 31, 2017, driven primarily by aas higher accumulated other comprehensive loss was offset partiallylargely by growth in retained earnings. See additional details related to our capital in the “Capital Resources” section of this MD&A and in Note 13, "Capital," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Also see Table 19,20, "Selected Financial Data and Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures," in this MD&A for additional information regarding, and a reconciliation of, tangible book value per common share.
DuringIn June 2018, we announced capital plans in response to the firstFederal Reserve's review of and non-objection to our 2018 capital plan submitted in conjunction with the 2018 CCAR. Accordingly, during the third quarter of 2018, we increased our quarterly common stock dividend by 25% to $0.50 per common share. We also repurchased $330$500 million of our outstanding common stock as partduring the third quarter of our 2017 capital plan. In April 2018 we repurchased an additional $330 million of our common stock at market value, which completed our $1.32 billion common equity repurchases as approved by the Board in conjunction with the 2017 capital plan. Also, in April 2018 we submitted our 2018 capital plan to the Federal Reserve for review in conjunction with the 2018 CCAR, andcapital plan. At September 30, 2018, we anticipate receiving feedback in June 2018 regardinghad $1.5 billion of remaining common stock repurchase capacity available under this submission. Our strong capital position, particularlyplan. We will repurchase a minimum of $500 million of our outstanding common stock in the contextfourth quarter of our risk profile, combined with additional capital optimization, should allow us to continue to increase capital returns to our shareholders.2018. See additional details related to our capital actions and share repurchases in the “Capital Resources” section of this MD&A and in Part II, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q.
Business Segments Highlights
Consumer
Our investments across Consumer continuesLending, together with our strategic partnerships, have collectively improved our growth, returns, and diversity. Enhanced analytics, new product offerings, and increased referrals have been key contributors to deliver healthy overall businessour growth in LightStream and revenue momentum. direct consumer lending. This growth has been offset partially by declines in home equity loan balances and certain lower return portfolios such as indirect auto.
Net interest income increased $67$21 million or 7%,sequentially and $80 million compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017, resulting from solid loan growth, continued balance sheet optimization,growth and widerincreased deposit spreads. The average balance of our LHFI portfolio was stable
sequentially and increased 4%1% compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017. Noninterest income decreased 5%2% sequentially and decreased 8% compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017, due primarily to lower mortgage-related income, as a result of lower production volume and reduced gain on sale margins. income.
We are
demonstratingcontinue to demonstrate positive underlying trends within PWM, withas assets under management increasing byincreased 3% sequentially and 7% year-over-year. Wealthcompared to the third quarter of 2017 and wealth management-related noninterest income increased 3% year-over-year, slower than the growth rate in assets under management given mix shift and competition.4% year-over-year. Our value proposition for our targeted client segments is resonating in the marketplace, drivingcontinuing to drive growth in new clients and in deepening relationships with existing clients. Noninterest expense decreased $26 million, or 3%,
Our efficiency ratio was 65.3% for the third quarter of 2018, compared to 62.6% for the firstthird quarter of 2017. The increase was due primarily to the favorable resolution of a legal matter during the third quarter of 2017, aswhich resulted in a result of the actions we took in 2017 to improve our efficiency and effectiveness.$55 million discrete benefit. Our branch count is down 6%5%, which is largely enabled by our improvingincreasing digital adoption rates. rates and our broader strategy to leverage technology to enhance our efficiency. Our digital capabilities have received national recognition for online and mobile banking and we remain committed to improving our client experience through all of our delivery channels.
We are making strides in improving efficiency while still investing in technology and revenue growth opportunities. We plan to mergecompleted the merger of our STM and Bank legal entities in the third quarter of 2018. We have received conditional regulatory approval forThis merger will simplify our organizational structure, enable operational efficiencies, and allow us to more fully serve the needs of our clients irrespective of whether they began their SunTrust relationship with a mortgage or another lending or deposit product. Subsequent to the merger, which is subject to final approval from the appropriate regulatory authorities once certain merger transaction documentsmortgage operations have been executed. These entities are both part of the Consumer segment, and the merged entity would remain within Consumer and conduct operationscontinued under the Bank’s name and charter. See Note 18, “Business Segment Reporting,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for additional information.

Wholesale
Our consistent strategy within the Wholesale segment continues to drive good results. We saw solid loan growth across CIB, Commercial Banking, and Commercial Real Estate, reflecting our client's increased optimism in the economy, which has led to slightly higher utilization rates and increased mergers and acquisition activity. This growth also reflects the investments we have made to meet a broader set of client needs, particularly within Commercial Real Estate and aging services, in addition to our geographic expansion within Commercial Banking.
Total revenue decreased $8 million, or 1%,was stable compared to firstthe prior quarter and the third quarter of 2017 due primarily2017. Net interest income increased $16 million sequentially and $25 million compared to decreases in noninterest income, offset partially bythe third quarter of 2017. These increases in net interest income. Net interest income increased 4%were due primarily to the aforementioned loan growth. Noninterest income decreased $15 million sequentially and $24 million compared to the first quarter of 2017 as a result of improved spreads on deposits, offset partially by declines in loan and deposit volume. Noninterest income decreased 7%, compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017. The decrease was driven largely by lower investment banking income as a resultprimary driver of these declines in debtis the timing of certain transactions, which were pushed into the fourth quarter of 2018. Notwithstanding these declines, our underlying momentum within capital markets activityis strong, with mergers and a decreaseacquisition and equity-related income up 7% and capital market fees from Commercial Banking, Commercial Real Estate, and PWM clients up 37% year-to-date. We are still in tax credits driven by the lower effective tax rate. Overall, while market conditions can drive quarterly variability,early stages of executing this component of our strategy, but we continued to beare highly encouraged by our momentum in capital marketsprogress and believe that we are uniquely positioned to succeed in this space, given our full set of capabilities and our OneTeam approach.

Overall, while market conditions can create quarterly variability, our pipelines are strong and we continue to be optimistic about growth opportunities within Wholesale, as our differentiated business model attracts clients from new and existing markets.

Additional information related to our business segments can be found in Note 18, "Business Segment Reporting," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q, and further discussion of our business segment results for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017 can be found in the "Business Segment Results" section of this MD&A.


Consolidated Daily Average Balances, Income/Expense, and Average Yields Earned/Rates PaidConsolidated Daily Average Balances, Income/Expense, and Average Yields Earned/Rates Paid Table 1 Consolidated Daily Average Balances, Income/Expense, and Average Yields Earned/Rates Paid Table 1 
Three Months Ended (Decrease)/IncreaseThree Months Ended (Decrease)/Increase
March 31, 2018 March 31, 2017 September 30, 2018 September 30, 2017 
(Dollars in millions)
Average
Balances
 
Income/
Expense
 
Yields/
Rates
 
Average
Balances
 
Income/
Expense
 
Yields/
Rates
 
Average
Balances
 
Yields/
Rates
Average
Balances
 
Income/
Expense
 
Yields/
Rates
 
Average
Balances
 
Income/
Expense
 
Yields/
Rates
 
Average
Balances
 
Yields/
Rates
ASSETS                              
LHFI: 1
                              
C&I
$66,269
 
$588
 3.60% 
$69,076
 
$554
 3.25% 
($2,807) 0.35

$67,632
 
$659
 3.87% 
$68,277
 
$583
 3.39% 
($645) 0.48
CRE5,201
 49
 3.84
 5,038
 39
 3.18
 163
 0.66
6,418
 68
 4.19
 5,227
 47
 3.57
 1,191
 0.62
Commercial construction3,749
 40
 4.27
 4,076
 34
 3.39
 (327) 0.88
3,300
 40
 4.76
 3,918
 38
 3.86
 (618) 0.90
Residential mortgages - guaranteed637
 5
 3.12
 567
 4
 3.07
 70
 0.05
502
 3
 2.76
 512
 5
 3.57
 (10) (0.81)
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed26,863
 254
 3.79
 25,918
 247
 3.80
 945
 (0.01)27,584
 268
 3.89
 26,687
 255
 3.82
 897
 0.07
Residential home equity products10,243
 116
 4.60
 11,466
 116
 4.10
 (1,223) 0.50
9,632
 121
 4.97
 10,778
 120
 4.40
 (1,146) 0.57
Residential construction261
 3
 4.47
 385
 4
 4.04
 (124) 0.43
193
 2
 4.75
 333
 4
 4.68
 (140) 0.07
Consumer student - guaranteed6,655
 78
 4.76
 6,278
 65
 4.20
 377
 0.56
6,912
 88
 5.05
 6,535
 73
 4.44
 377
 0.61
Consumer other direct8,804
 110
 5.08
 7,819
 97
 5.02
 985
 0.06
9,726
 135
 5.49
 8,426
 104
 4.91
 1,300
 0.58
Consumer indirect12,001
 108
 3.63
 10,847
 92
 3.43
 1,154
 0.20
11,770
 114
 3.86
 11,824
 105
 3.51
 (54) 0.35
Consumer credit cards1,526
 43
 11.26
 1,369
 33
 9.79
 157
 1.47
1,573
 46
 11.71
 1,450
 37
 10.32
 123
 1.39
Nonaccrual 2
711
 4
 2.25
 831
 4
 2.03
 (120) 0.22
753
 5
 2.70
 739
 11
 5.90
 14
 (3.20)
Total LHFI142,920
 1,398
 3.97
 143,670
 1,289
 3.64
 (750) 0.33
145,995
 1,549
 4.21
 144,706
 1,382
 3.79
 1,289
 0.42
Securities AFS: 3
                              
Taxable30,849
 201
 2.61
 29,965
 180
 2.40
 884
 0.21
30,927
 207
 2.68
 30,089
 187
 2.49
 838
 0.19
Tax-exempt628
 5
 2.98
 286
 2
 3.04
 342
 (0.06)625
 5
 2.99
 504
 4
 2.99
 121
 
Total securities AFS31,477
 206
 2.62
 30,251
 182
 2.41
 1,226
 0.21
31,552
 212
 2.69
 30,593
 191
 2.49
 959
 0.20
Fed funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell1,334
 4
 1.18
 1,236
 1
 0.33
 98
 0.85
1,426
 7
 1.79
 1,189
 3
 0.89
 237
 0.90
LHFS2,025
 21
 4.12
 2,611
 24
 3.71
 (586) 0.41
2,022
 22
 4.40
 2,477
 24
 3.89
 (455) 0.51
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks25
 
 1.85
 25
 
 0.64
 
 1.21
25
 
 3.90
 25
 
 1.88
 
 2.02
Interest earning trading assets4,564
 34
 3.05
 5,188
 27
 2.09
 (624) 0.96
4,789
 39
 3.18
 5,291
 31
 2.38
 (502) 0.80
Other earning assets 3
529
 5
 3.50
 625
 5
 2.93
 (96) 0.57
535
 5
 3.79
 580
 4
 3.06
 (45) 0.73
Total earning assets182,874
 1,668
 3.70
 183,606
 1,528
 3.38
 (732) 0.32
186,344
 1,834
 3.90
 184,861
 1,635
 3.51
 1,483
 0.39
ALLL(1,726)     (1,700)     26
  (1,665)     (1,748)     (83)  
Cash and due from banks5,329
     5,556
     (227)  4,575
     5,023
     (448)  
Other assets17,256
     15,952
     1,304
  18,192
     16,501
     1,691
  
Noninterest earning trading assets and derivative instruments772
     888
     (116)  668
     948
     (280)  
Unrealized (losses)/gains on securities AFS, net(373)     (50)     (323)  (719)     153
     (872)  
Total assets
$204,132
     
$204,252
     
($120)  
$207,395
     
$205,738
     
$1,657
  
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY                              
Interest-bearing deposits:                              
NOW accounts
$46,590
 
$45
 0.39% 
$44,745
 
$23
 0.21% 
$1,845
 0.18

$45,345
 
$65
 0.57% 
$44,604
 
$37
 0.33% 
$741
 0.24
Money market accounts50,543
 48
 0.39
 54,902
 34
 0.25
 (4,359) 0.14
49,926
 73
 0.58
 53,278
 43
 0.32
 (3,352) 0.26
Savings6,587
 
 0.02
 6,415
 
 0.02
 172
 
6,658
 
 0.02
 6,535
 
 0.02
 123
 
Consumer time6,085
 13
 0.87
 5,487
 9
 0.69
 598
 0.18
6,413
 17
 1.03
 5,675
 11
 0.76
 738
 0.27
Other time7,026
 22
 1.25
 4,232
 10
 0.97
 2,794
 0.28
8,357
 33
 1.55
 5,552
 16
 1.14
 2,805
 0.41
Total interest-bearing consumer and commercial deposits116,831
 128
 0.44
 115,781
 76
 0.27
 1,050
 0.17
116,699
 188
 0.64
 115,644
 107
 0.37
 1,055
 0.27
Brokered time deposits1,006
 3
 1.35
 917
 3
 1.28
 89
 0.07
1,041
 4
 1.54
 947
 3
 1.28
 94
 0.26
Foreign deposits51
 
 1.42
 678
 1
 0.66
 (627) 0.76
172
 1
 1.94
 295
 1
 1.13
 (123) 0.81
Total interest-bearing deposits117,888
 131
 0.45
 117,376
 80
 0.28
 512
 0.17
117,912
 193
 0.65
 116,886
 111
 0.38
 1,026
 0.27
Funds purchased876
 3
 1.45
 872
 1
 0.65
 4
 0.80
1,352
 7
 1.94
 1,689
 5
 1.15
 (337) 0.79
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase1,595
 5
 1.39
 1,715
 3
 0.61
 (120) 0.78
1,638
 8
 1.85
 1,464
 4
 1.07
 174
 0.78
Interest-bearing trading liabilities1,110
 8
 2.84
 1,002
 6
 2.61
 108
 0.23
1,233
 10
 3.33
 912
 6
 2.84
 321
 0.49
Other short-term borrowings2,084
 6
 1.11
 1,753
 2
 0.49
 331
 0.62
2,259
 9
 1.57
 1,797
 3
 0.56
 462
 1.01
Long-term debt10,506
 74
 2.84
 11,563
 70
 2.45
 (1,057) 0.39
12,922
 95
 2.92
 11,204
 76
 2.70
 1,718
 0.22
Total interest-bearing liabilities134,059
 227
 0.69
 134,281
 162
 0.49
 (222) 0.20
137,316
 322
 0.93
 133,952
 205
 0.61
 3,364
 0.32
Noninterest-bearing deposits42,338
     43,093
     (755)  42,649
     43,775
     (1,126)  
Other liabilities2,499
     2,860
     (361)  2,465
     3,046
     (581)  
Noninterest-bearing trading liabilities and derivative instruments631
     347
     284
  690
     392
     298
  
Shareholders’ equity24,605
     23,671
     934
  24,275
     24,573
     (298)  
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$204,132
     
$204,252
     
($120)  
$207,395
     
$205,738
     
$1,657
  
Interest rate spread    3.01%     2.89%   0.12
    2.97%     2.90%   0.07
Net interest income 4
  
$1,441
     
$1,366
        
$1,512
     
$1,430
      
Net interest income-FTE 4, 5
  
$1,461
     
$1,400
        
$1,534
     
$1,467
      
Net interest margin 6
    3.20%     3.02%   0.18
    3.22%     3.07%   0.15
Net interest margin-FTE 5, 6
    3.24
     3.09
   0.15
    3.27
     3.15
   0.12
1 Interest income includes loan fees of $39$43 million and $45 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
2 Income on consumer and residential nonaccrual loans, if recognized, is recognized on a cash basis.
3 Beginning January 1, 2018, we began presenting certain equity securities previously presented in securitiesSecurities available for sale as otherOther earning assets. For periods prior to January 1, 2018, these equity securities have been reclassified to otherOther earning assets for comparability.  
4 Derivative instruments employed to manage our interest rate sensitivity decreased Netnet interest income by $2$22 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and increased Netnet interest income by $46$16 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017.  
5 See Table 19,20, "Selected Financial Data and Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures," in this MD&A for additional information and reconciliations of non-U.S. GAAP performance measures. Approximately 95% of the total FTE adjustment for both the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017 was attributed to C&I loans.
6 Net interest margin is calculated by dividing annualized net interest income by average total earning assets.

Consolidated Daily Average Balances, Income/Expense, and Average Yields Earned/Rates Paid (continued)
 Nine Months Ended  
 September 30, 2018 September 30, 2017 (Decrease)/Increase
(Dollars in millions)
Average
Balances
 
Income/
Expense
 
Yields/
Rates
 
Average
Balances
 
Income/
Expense
 
Yields/
Rates
 
Average
Balances
 
Yields/
Rates
ASSETS               
LHFI: 1
               
C&I
$67,042
 
$1,880
 3.75% 
$68,822
 
$1,711
 3.32% 
($1,780) 0.43
CRE5,787
 175
 4.04
 5,141
 130
 3.38
 646
 0.66
Commercial construction3,534
 120
 4.53
 4,032
 109
 3.63
 (498) 0.90
Residential mortgages - guaranteed576
 13
 3.09
 537
 13
 3.19
 39
 (0.10)
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed27,159
 780
 3.83
 26,234
 749
 3.81
 925
 0.02
Residential home equity products9,929
 356
 4.79
 11,117
 354
 4.26
 (1,188) 0.53
Residential construction223
 8
 4.81
 360
 12
 4.29
 (137) 0.52
Consumer student - guaranteed6,778
 249
 4.91
 6,426
 209
 4.36
 352
 0.55
Consumer other direct9,236
 365
 5.28
 8,100
 298
 4.92
 1,136
 0.36
Consumer indirect11,834
 330
 3.72
 11,322
 295
 3.48
 512
 0.24
Consumer credit cards1,541
 133
 11.47
 1,404
 105
 10.03
 137
 1.44
Nonaccrual 2
729
 15
 2.77
 781
 24
 4.04
 (52) (1.27)
Total LHFI144,368
 4,424
 4.10
 144,276
 4,009
 3.72
 92
 0.38
Securities AFS: 3
               
Taxable30,912
 614
 2.65
 30,037
 551
 2.45
 875
 0.20
Tax-exempt630
 14
 2.99
 380
 9
 3.01
 250
 (0.02)
Total securities AFS31,542
 628
 2.66
 30,417
 560
 2.45
 1,125
 0.21
Fed funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell1,411
 16
 1.52
 1,221
 6
 0.63
 190
 0.89
LHFS2,055
 67
 4.35
 2,436
 70
 3.82
 (381) 0.53
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks25
 1
 2.70
 25
 
 1.05
 
 1.65
Interest earning trading assets4,677
 110
 3.16
 5,204
 89
 2.27
 (527) 0.89
Other earning assets 3
529
 15
 3.75
 601
 13
 3.00
 (72) 0.75
Total earning assets184,607
 5,261
 3.81
 184,180
 4,747
 3.45
 427
 0.36
ALLL(1,691)     (1,724)     (33)  
Cash and due from banks4,706
     5,158
     (452)  
Other assets17,678
     16,235
     1,443
  
Noninterest earning trading assets and derivative instruments650
     918
     (268)  
Unrealized (losses)/gains on securities AFS, net(580)     66
     (646)  
Total assets
$205,370
     
$204,833
     
$537
  
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY               
Interest-bearing deposits:               
NOW accounts
$45,755
 
$162
 0.47% 
$44,595
 
$90
 0.27% 
$1,160
 0.20
Money market accounts50,102
 182
 0.49
 54,120
 114
 0.28
 (4,018) 0.21
Savings6,684
 1
 0.03
 6,530
 1
 0.02
 154
 0.01
Consumer time6,261
 45
 0.95
 5,573
 30
 0.72
 688
 0.23
Other time7,680
 81
 1.41
 4,830
 38
 1.06
 2,850
 0.35
Total interest-bearing consumer and commercial deposits116,482
 471
 0.54
 115,648
 273
 0.32
 834
 0.22
Brokered time deposits1,026
 11
 1.45
 931
 9
 1.28
 95
 0.17
Foreign deposits121
 2
 1.85
 563
 4
 0.86
 (442) 0.99
Total interest-bearing deposits117,629
 484
 0.55
 117,142
 286
 0.33
 487
 0.22
Funds purchased1,112
 15
 1.74
 1,242
 9
 0.97
 (130) 0.77
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase1,630
 20
 1.66
 1,583
 10
 0.85
 47
 0.81
Interest-bearing trading liabilities1,219
 28
 3.11
 968
 20
 2.70
 251
 0.41
Other short-term borrowings2,051
 22
 1.41
 1,852
 7
 0.54
 199
 0.87
Long-term debt11,635
 252
 2.89
 11,094
 216
 2.60
 541
 0.29
Total interest-bearing liabilities135,276
 821
 0.81
 133,881
 548
 0.55
 1,395
 0.26
Noninterest-bearing deposits42,677
     43,497
     (820)  
Other liabilities2,424
     2,961
     (537)  
Noninterest-bearing trading liabilities and derivative instruments669
     363
     306
  
Shareholders’ equity24,324
     24,131
     193
  
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$205,370
     
$204,833
     
$537
  
Interest rate spread    3.00%     2.90%   0.10
Net interest income 4
  
$4,440
     
$4,199
      
Net interest income-FTE 4, 5
  
$4,505
     
$4,306
      
Net interest margin 6
    3.22%     3.05%   0.17
Net interest margin-FTE 5, 6
    3.26
     3.13
   0.13
1 Interest income includes loan fees of $121 million and $135 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
2 Income on consumer and residential nonaccrual loans, if recognized, is recognized on a cash basis.
3 Beginning January 1, 2018, we began presenting certain equity securities previously presented in Securities available for sale as Other earning assets. For periods prior to January 1, 2018, these equity securities have been reclassified to Other earning assets for comparability.
4 Derivative instruments employed to manage our interest rate sensitivity decreased net interest income by $43 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and increased net interest income by $93 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
5 See Table 20, "Selected Financial Data and Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures," in this MD&A for additional information and reconciliations of non-U.S. GAAP performance measures. Approximately 95% of the total FTE adjustment for both the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was attributed to C&I loans.
6 Net interest margin is calculated by dividing annualized net interest income by average total earning assets.

NET INTEREST INCOME/MARGIN (FTE)
Third Quarter of 2018
Net interest income was $1.5 billion infor the firstthird quarter of 2018, an increase of $61$67 million, or 4%5%, compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017. Net interest margin for the first quarter of 2018 increased 1512 basis points, to 3.24%3.27%, compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017. The increase was driven by a 3239 basis point increase in average earning asset yields arising fromas a result of higher benchmark interest rates, higher securities AFS yields givenfavorable mix shift, and lower premium amortization expense, and positive mix shift in the LHFI portfolio.expense. Specifically, average LHFI yields increased 3342 basis points, driven by broad-based increases in yields across all commercialmost loan categories, as well as most consumer loan categories. In addition,while yields on securities AFS increased 2120 basis points due to lower premium amortization, higher interest rates, and shifts in the portfolio mix.points. These increases were offset partially by higher rates paid on average interest-bearing liabilities.
Rates paid on average interest-bearing liabilities increased 2032 basis points compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017, driven primarily by increases in rates paid across all deposit categories as well as rates paid on short-term borrowings and long-term debt. Compared to the first quarter of 2017, theinterest-bearing liability categories. The average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits increased 1727 basis points. points relative to the third quarter of 2017.
Looking to the secondfourth quarter of 2018, we expect net interest margin to increase one to threebetween zero and two basis points compared to the firstthird quarter of 2018, largely as a result of the September 2018 Fed Funds rate hike in March 2018.increase.
Average earning assets decreased $732 million,increased $1.5 billion, or 1%, compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017, driven primarily by a $750 million,$1.3 billion, or 1%, decreaseincrease in average LHFI due primarily to growth in consumer direct and CRE loans, as well as by a $586$959 million, or 22%3%, decreaseincrease in LHFS,average securities AFS. These increases were offset partially by a $1.1 billion decline in home equity products and decreases in other earning asset categories, led by a $624$502 million, or 12%9%, decrease in average interest earning trading assets. These decreases were offset partially byassets and a $1.2 billion,$455 million, or 4%18%, increase in average securities AFS. The decrease in average LHFI was driven largely by the sale of PAC in December 2017 as well as by declines in average home equity products and commercial construction loans. These decreases were offset largely by increases in nonguaranteed residential mortgages, consumer other direct, and consumer indirect. See the "Loans" section in this MD&A for additional discussion regarding loan activity.LHFS.
Average interest-bearing liabilities decreased $222 million,increased $3.4 billion, or 3%, compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017, due primarily to declinesincreases in money market accounts,average long-term debt, and foreign deposits, offset largely by increases across most consumer and commercial depositsdeposit categories, and other short-term borrowings. Average interest-bearing consumer and commercial deposits increased $1.1 billion, or 1%, compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017, due primarily to growth in average time accountdeposits in response to our targeted focus on CDs and NOW balances resulting
certain corporate deposits. The continued movement from continued success in deepeninglower cost deposits to CDs allows us to retain our existing depositors and growing client relationships.capture new market share, while also managing our asset sensitivity profile, and we expect this trend to continue as interest rates rise. These increases were offset largely offset by declinesa decline in money market accounts.
Average long-term debt decreased $1.1increased $1.7 billion, or 9%15%, compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017, due primarily to terminations and maturities of long-term FHLB advances in the second half of 2017, offset partially by our first quarter of 2018 issuances of $500 million of 5-year fixed rate senior notes and $750 million of 3-year fixed-tofixed-to-floating rate senior notes under the Global Bank Note program, our second quarter of 2018 issuance of $850 million of 7-year fixed rate senior notes under the Parent Company SEC shelf registration, and our third quarter of 2018 issuances of $500 million of 4-year and $500 million of 6-year fixed-to-floating rate senior notes as well as $300 million of 4-year floating rate senior notes under ourthe Global Bank Note program. The effect of these issuances was offset partially by terminations and maturities of senior notes
and long-term FHLB advances during the fourth quarter of 2017. See the "Borrowings" section of this MD&A for additional information regarding our short-term borrowings and long-term debt.
We utilize interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk. These instruments are primarily receive-fixed, pay-variable swaps that synthetically convert a portion of our commercial loan portfolio from floating rates, based on LIBOR, to fixed rates. At March 31,September 30, 2018, the outstanding notional balance of active swaps that qualified as cash flow hedges on variable rate commercial loans was $11.6$12.2 billion, compared to $12.1 billion at December 31, 2017, respectively.
In addition to the income recognized from active swaps, we recognize interest income or expense from terminated swaps that were previously designated as cash flow hedges on variable rate commercial loans. Interest expense from our commercial loan swaps was $1$22 million during the firstthird quarter of 2018, compared to income of $41$13 million during the firstthird quarter of 2017 due primarily to a decrease in the notional balance of qualifying swaps and an increase in LIBOR. As we manage our interest rate risk we may continue to purchase additional and/or terminate existing interest rate swaps.
Remaining swaps on commercial loans have maturities through 20232025 and have an average maturity of 3.63.1 years at March 31,September 30, 2018. The weighted average rate on the receive-fixed rate leg of the commercial loan swap portfolio was 1.55%1.71%, and the weighted average rate on the pay-variable leg was 1.88%2.26%, at March 31,September 30, 2018.

First Nine Months of 2018
Net interest income was $4.5 billion for the first nine months of 2018, an increase of $199 million, or 5%, compared to the first nine months of 2017. Net interest margin for the first nine months of 2018 increased 13 basis points, to 3.26%, compared to the first nine months of 2017. The increase was driven by a 38 basis point increase in average earning asset yields due to the same factors as discussed above for the third quarter of 2018.
Rates paid on average interest-bearing liabilities increased 26 basis points compared to the first nine months of 2017, driven by increases in rates paid across all interest-bearing liability categories. The average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits increased 22 basis points.
Average earning assets increased $427 million, compared to the first nine months of 2017, driven primarily by a $1.1 billion, or 4%, increase in average securities AFS, offset in part by a $527 million, or 10%, decrease in average interest earning trading assets and a $381 million, or 16%, decrease in average LHFS. See the "Loans" section in this MD&A for additional discussion regarding loan activity.
Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $1.4 billion, or 1%, compared to the first nine months of 2017, due primarily to increases across most consumer and commercial deposit categories as well as average long-term debt, offset largely by declines in money market accounts and foreign deposits. Average interest-bearing consumer and commercial deposits increased $834 million, or 1%, due primarily to the same factors as discussed above for the third quarter of 2018.


Foregone Interest
Foregone interest income from NPLs reduced net interest margin by one basis point and two basis points for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. The effect of foregone interest income from NPLs on net interest margin was less than one basis point for both the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 andSeptember 30, 2017. See additional discussion ofregarding our expectations of future
credit quality in the “Loans,” “Allowance for Credit Losses,” and “Nonperforming Assets” sections of this MD&A. In addition, Table 1 in this MD&A containcontains more detailed information regarding average balances, yields earned, rates paid, and associated impacts on net interest income.



NONINTEREST INCOME                
    Table 2
          Table 2
Three Months Ended March 31  Three Months Ended September 30   Nine Months Ended September 30  
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 
 % Change 1
2018 2017 % Change 2018 2017 % Change
Service charges on deposit accounts
$146
 
$148
 (1)%
$144
 
$154
 (6)% 
$433
 
$453
 (4)%
Other charges and fees87
 95
 (8)
Other charges and fees 1
89
 89
 
 264
 270
 (2)
Card fees81
 82
 (1)75
 86
 (13) 241
 255
 (5)
Investment banking income131
 167
 (22)
Investment banking income 1
150
 169
 (11) 453
 501
 (10)
Trading income42
 51
 (18)42
 51
 (18) 137
 148
 (7)
Trust and investment management income75
 75
 
80
 79
 1
 230
 229
 
Retail investment services72
 68
 6
74
 69
 7
 219
 208
 5
Mortgage servicing related income54
 58
 (7)43
 46
 (7) 138
 148
 (7)
Mortgage production related income36
 53
 (32)40
 61
 (34) 118
 170
 (31)
Commercial real estate related income23
 20
 15
24
 17
 41
 66
 61
 8
Net securities gains1
 
 NM

 
 
 1
 1
 
Other noninterest income48
 30
 60
21
 25
 (16) 108
 76
 42
Total noninterest income
$796
 
$847
 (6)%
$782
 
$846
 (8)% 
$2,408
 
$2,520
 (4)%
1 “NM” - Not meaningful. Those changes over 100 percent were not considered to be meaningful.

Beginning July 1, 2018, we began presenting bridge commitment fee income related to capital market transactions in Investment banking income on the Consolidated Statements of Income. For periods prior to July 1, 2018, this income was previously presented in Other charges and fees and has been reclassified to Investment banking income for comparability. Capital market bridge fee income totaled $7 million and $3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and $12 million and $21 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Noninterest income decreased $51$64 million, or 6%8%, compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017 and decreased $112 million, or 4%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. This decrease wasThese decreases were driven primarily by lower mortgage and capital markets-related income mortgage-related income, andas well as lower client transaction-related fees,fees. The decrease compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was offset partially by highera $32 million, or 42%, increase in other noninterest income and modest improvements in other fee categories.income.
Client transaction-related fees,fee income, which includeincludes service charges on deposit accounts, other charges and fees, and card fees, decreased $11$21 million, or 3%6%, compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017 and decreased $40 million, or 4%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. This decrease was due primarily toThese decreases were driven, in part, by a change in our process for recognizing card rewards expenses, which effectively resulted in four months of rewards expenses being recognized in the third quarter of 2018, as well as the impact of our January 1, 2018 adoption of the revenue recognition accounting standard, on January 1, 2018, which resulted in the netting of certain expense items that were previously recognized in noninterest expense against this income. The revenue recognition accounting standard decreased client transaction-related fee income.income by $13 million and $28 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for additional information regarding our adoption of this accounting standard.
Investment banking income decreased $36$19 million, or 22%11%, compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017 and decreased $48 million, or 10%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. ThisThe decrease compared to the third quarter of 2017 was driven primarily by lower loan syndication and investment grade bond origination activity. The decrease compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was due primarily to declinesdecreased activity in syndicated andloan syndications, leveraged finance, activitymergers and acquisitions, and investment grade bond originations. The declines compared to the record performance in theboth prior year quarter. Looking toperiods were offset partially by strong deal flow activity in equity offerings as well as the second quarterimpact of our January 1, 2018 we expectadoption of the revenue recognition accounting standard. The revenue recognition accounting standard increased investment banking income to demonstrate solid sequential quarter growth, assuming relatively stable capital market conditions.by $4 million and $13 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.
Trading income decreased $9 million, or 18%, compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017 and decreased $11 million, or 7%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. These decreases were due largely to lower fixed income sales and trading revenue.
Retail investment services income increased $4 million, or 6%, compared to the first quarter of 2017 due primarily to growth in retail brokerage managed assets.
Mortgage servicing related income decreased $4$5 million, or 7%, compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017 and increased $11 million, or 5%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. This decrease wasThese increases were driven primarily by growth in assets under management.

Mortgage servicing related income decreased $3 million, or 7%, compared to the third quarter of 2017 and decreased $10 million, or 7%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. These decreases were due to lower net hedge performance and higher servicing asset decay, in the first quarter of 2018, offset partiallylargely by higher servicing fee income. The UPB of mortgage loans in the servicing portfolio was $164.7$170.5 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018, compared to $164.5$165.3 billion at March 31,September 30, 2017.
Mortgage production related income decreased $17$21 million, or 32%34%, compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017 and decreased $52 million, or 31%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. This decrease was due to lower refinancing activity andThese decreases were driven by lower gain on sale margins during the first quarter of 2018.and reduced refinance activity as well as less favorable channel mix. Mortgage application volume decreased 9%1% and closed loan volume remained relatively stable compared to the third quarter of 2017. Compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017, both mortgage application and closed loan volume decreased 6% compared to the first quarter of 2017.3%.
Other noninterestCommercial real estate related income increased $18$7 million, or 60%41%, compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017 and increased $5 million, or 8%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. ThisThese increases were due primarily to higher transactional activity in our agency lending business as well as higher tax credit-related income from our investments in affordable housing partnerships.
Other noninterest income decreased $4 million, or 16%, compared to the third quarter of 2017 and increased $32 million, or 42%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease compared to the third quarter of 2017 was driven primarily by mark-to-market adjustments on equity investments and a decrease in net gains on the sale of leases recognized in the current quarter. The increase compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was due primarily to $16 million of mark-to-market net gains on equity investments recognized during the first nine months of 2018 as well as a $23 million remeasurement gain on an equity investment recognized in the first quarter of 2018, following our full adoption of the recognition and measurement of financial assets accounting standard on January 1, 2018. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for additional information regarding our adoption of this accounting standard.
We expect noninterest income in the fourth quarter of 2018 to increase relative to the third quarter of 2018, given our solid capital markets pipelines and seasonally higher fee income in certain categories, including mortgage servicing and commercial real estate related income.



NONINTEREST EXPENSE                
    Table 3
          Table 3
Three Months Ended March 31  Three Months Ended September 30   Nine Months Ended September 30  
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 % Change2018 2017 
% Change 1
 2018 2017 
% Change 1
Employee compensation
$707
 
$717
 (1)%
$719
 
$725
 (1)% 
$2,141
 
$2,152
 (1)%
Employee benefits146
 135
 8
76
 81
 (6) 310
 302
 3
Total personnel expenses853
 852
 
795
 806
 (1) 2,451
 2,454
 
Outside processing and software206
 205
 
234
 203
 15
 667
 612
 9
Net occupancy expense94
 92
 2
86
 94
 (9) 270
 280
 (4)
Marketing and customer development41
 42
 (2)45
 45
 
 127
 129
 (2)
Equipment expense40
 40
 
 124
 123
 1
Regulatory assessments41
 48
 (15)39
 47
 (17) 118
 143
 (17)
Equipment expense40
 39
 3
Amortization15
 13
 15
19
 22
 (14) 51
 49
 4
Operating losses6
 32
 (81)
Operating losses/(gains)18
 (34) NM
 40
 17
 NM
Other noninterest expense121
 142
 (15)108
 168
 (36) 343
 436
 (21)
Total noninterest expense
$1,417
 
$1,465
 (3)%
$1,384
 
$1,391
 (1)% 
$4,191
 
$4,243
 (1)%
1 "NM" - Not meaningful. Those changes over 100 percent were not considered to be meaningful.

Noninterest expense decreased $48$7 million, or 3%1%, compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017 and decreased $52 million, or 1%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease compared to the third quarter of 2017 was due to reductions in most expense categories, offset largely by higher outside processing and software expense in the current quarter as well as the favorable resolution of several legal matters in the third quarter of 2017. The decrease compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was driven primarilylargely by lower operating losses and other noninterest expense as well asrelated to ongoing efficiency initiatives.initiatives, offset partially by higher outside processing and software expense.
Regulatory assessments
Personnel expenses decreased $11 million, or 1%, compared to the third quarter of 2017 and decreased $3 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The $11 million decrease compared to the third quarter of 2017 was due primarily to lower compensation and benefit-related costs in the current quarter, offset partially by higher contract programming costs.
Outside processing and software expense decreased $7increased $31 million, or 15%, compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017 and increased $55 million, or 9%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. This decrease wasThese increases were driven primarily by higher software-related costs resulting from the amortization of new and upgraded technology assets.

Net occupancy expense decreased $8 million, or 9%, compared to the third quarter of 2017 and decreased $10 million, or 4%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. These decreases were driven by lease termination gains recognized in the second and third quarters of 2018.
Regulatory assessments expense decreased $8 million, or 17%, compared to the third quarter of 2017 and decreased $25 million, or 17%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. These decreases were driven by lower FDIC insurance premiums as a result of our improved financial position.earnings profile and higher levels of unsecured debt.
Amortization expense decreased $3 million, or 14%, compared to the third quarter of 2017 and increased $2 million, or 15%4%, compared to the firstnine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease compared to the third quarter of 2017. This2017 was driven by lower amortization expense on other intangible assets. The increase compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was driven by an increase in our community development investments, which are amortized over the life of the related tax credits that these investments generate. See the "Community Development
Investments" section of Note 10, "Certain Transfers of Financial Assets and Variable Interest Entities," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for additional information regarding these investments.
Operating losses decreased $26increased $52 million or 81%, compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017. This decrease was driven primarily by a net benefit of $102017 and increased $23 million relatedcompared to the progressionnine months ended September 30, 2017. These increases were due primarily to the favorable resolution of certainseveral legal matters as well as lower fraud losses.in the third quarter of 2017, which resulted in $58 million of discrete benefits.
Other noninterest expense decreased $21$60 million, or 15%36%, compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017 and decreased $93 million, or 21%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. This decrease was dueThese decreases were driven primarily by lower severance-related expenses and software writedowns in the current quarter.
Separately, in accordance with our previously announced decision to lower legal and consulting fees and lower branch closure and severance costs.
terminate a pension plan that we acquired as part of the NCF acquisition in 2004, we expect to reclassify approximately $61 million of pre-tax deferred losses from AOCI into net income upon settlement of the pension plan in the fourth quarter of 2018.


LOANS
Our disclosures about the credit quality of our loan portfolio and the related credit reserves (i) describe the nature of credit risk inherent in the loan portfolio, (ii) provide information on how we analyze and assess credit risk in arriving at an adequate and appropriate ALLL, and (iii) explain changes in the ALLL as well as reasons for those changes.
Our loan portfolio consists of two loan segments: Commercial loans and Consumer loans. Loans are assigned to these segments based on the type of borrower, purpose, and/or our underlying credit management processes. Additionally, we further disaggregate each loan segment into loan types based on common characteristics within each loan segment.
Commercial Loans
C&I loans include loans to fund business operations or activities, loans secured by owner-occupied properties, corporate credit cards, and other wholesale lending activities. Commercial loans secured by owner-occupied properties are classified as C&I loans because the primary source of loan repayment for these properties is business income and not real estate operations. CRE and Commercial construction loans include investor loans where repayment is largely dependent upon the operation, refinance, or sale of the underlying real estate.

Consumer Loans
Residential mortgages, both guaranteed (by a federal agency or GSE) and nonguaranteed, consist of loans secured by 1-4 family homes; mostly prime, first-lien loans. Residential home equity products consist of equity lines of credit and closed-end equity loans secured by residential real estate that may be in either a first lien or junior lien position. Residential construction loans include residential real estate secured owner-occupied construction-to-perm loans and lot loans.
Consumer loans also include Guaranteed student loans, Indirect loans (consisting of loans secured by automobiles, boats, and recreational vehicles), Other direct loans (consisting
primarily of unsecured loans, direct auto loans, loans secured by negotiable collateral, and private student loans), and Credit cards.
The composition of our loan portfolio is presented in Table 4:
Loan Portfolio by Types of LoansLoan Portfolio by Types of LoansTable 4
Loan Portfolio by Types of LoansTable 4
   
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Commercial loans:      
C&I 1

$66,321
 
$66,356

$68,203
 
$66,356
CRE5,352
 5,317
6,618
 5,317
Commercial construction3,651
 3,804
3,137
 3,804
Total commercial loans75,324
 75,477
Total commercial LHFI77,958
 75,477
Consumer loans:      
Residential mortgages - guaranteed611
 560
452
 560
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed 2
27,165
 27,136
28,187
 27,136
Residential home equity products10,241
 10,626
9,669
 10,626
Residential construction256
 298
197
 298
Guaranteed student6,693
 6,633
7,039
 6,633
Other direct8,941
 8,729
10,100
 8,729
Indirect11,869
 12,140
12,010
 12,140
Credit cards1,518
 1,582
1,603
 1,582
Total consumer loans 67,294
 67,704
Total consumer LHFI69,257
 67,704
LHFI
$142,618
 
$143,181

$147,215
 
$143,181
LHFS 3

$2,377
 
$2,290

$1,961
 
$2,290
1 Includes $3.6$3.8 billion and $3.7 billion of lease financing and $788$838 million and $778 million of installment loans at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
2 Includes $188$168 million and $196 million of LHFI measured at fair value at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
3 Includes $1.4$1.8 billion and $1.6 billion of LHFS measured at fair value at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.




Table 5 presents our LHFI portfolio by geography (based on the U.S. Census Bureau's classifications of U.S. regions):
         Table 5
         Table 5
March 31, 2018September 30, 2018
Commercial LHFI Consumer LHFI Total LHFICommercial LHFI Consumer LHFI Total LHFI
(Dollars in millions)Balance % of Total Commercial Balance % of Total Consumer Balance % of Total LHFIBalance % of Total Commercial Balance % of Total Consumer Balance % of Total LHFI
South region:                      
Florida
$12,636
 17% 
$13,308
 20% 
$25,944
 18%
$13,035
 17% 
$13,250
 19% 
$26,285
 18%
Georgia9,959
 13
 8,444
 13
 18,403
 13
10,519
 13
 8,485
 12
 19,004
 13
Virginia6,690
 9
 7,456
 11
 14,146
 10
6,349
 8
 7,457
 11
 13,806
 9
Maryland4,312
 6
 6,036
 9
 10,348
 7
4,317
 6
 6,148
 9
 10,465
 7
North Carolina4,584
 6
 5,314
 8
 9,898
 7
4,667
 6
 5,354
 8
 10,021
 7
Texas3,749
 5
 4,152
 6
 7,901
 6
4,166
 5
 4,512
 7
 8,678
 6
Tennessee4,173
 6
 2,944
 4
 7,117
 5
4,248
 5
 2,938
 4
 7,186
 5
South Carolina1,203
 2
 2,360
 4
 3,563
 2
1,505
 2
 2,396
 3
 3,901
 3
District of Columbia1,516
 2
 1,030
 2
 2,546
 2
1,653
 2
 1,063
 2
 2,716
 2
Other Southern states2,422
 3
 2,322
 3
 4,744
 3
2,669
 3
 2,536
 4
 5,205
 4
Total South region51,244
 68
 53,366
 79
 104,610
 73
53,128
 68
 54,139
 78
 107,267
 73
Northeast region:                      
New York4,833
 6
 1,153
 2
 5,986
 4
5,184
 7
 1,226
 2
 6,410
 4
Pennsylvania1,397
 2
 1,184
 2
 2,581
 2
1,664
 2
 1,254
 2
 2,918
 2
New Jersey1,490
 2
 694
 1
 2,184
 2
1,427
 2
 731
 1
 2,158
 1
Other Northeastern states2,527
 3
 877
 1
 3,404
 2
2,691
 3
 948
 1
 3,639
 2
Total Northeast region10,247
 14
 3,908
 6
 14,155
 10
10,966
 14
 4,159
 6
 15,125
 10
West region:                      
California4,527
 6
 3,279
 5
 7,806
 5
4,349
 6
 3,463
 5
 7,812
 5
Other Western states2,176
 3
 2,264
 3
 4,440
 3
2,466
 3
 2,588
 4
 5,054
 3
Total West region6,703
 9
 5,543
 8
 12,246
 9
6,815
 9
 6,051
 9
 12,866
 9
Midwest region:                      
Illinois1,778
 2
 952
 1
 2,730
 2
1,903
 2
 1,074
 2
 2,977
 2
Ohio835
 1
 713
 1
 1,548
 1
792
 1
 763
 1
 1,555
 1
Missouri1,034
 1
 404
 1
 1,438
 1
914
 1
 460
 1
 1,374
 1
Other Midwestern states2,175
 3
 2,334
 3
 4,509
 3
2,084
 3
 2,534
 4
 4,618
 3
Total Midwest region5,822
 8
 4,403
 7
 10,225
 7
5,693
 7
 4,831
 7
 10,524
 7
Foreign loans1,308
 2
 74
 
 1,382
 1
1,356
 2
 77
 
 1,433
 1
Total
$75,324
 100% 
$67,294
 100% 
$142,618
 100%
$77,958
 100% 
$69,257
 100% 
$147,215
 100%

 December 31, 2017
 Commercial LHFI Consumer LHFI Total LHFI
(Dollars in millions)Balance % of Total Commercial Balance % of Total Consumer Balance % of Total LHFI
South region:           
Florida
$12,792
 17% 
$13,474
 20% 
$26,266
 18%
Georgia10,250
 14
 8,462
 12
 18,712
 13
Virginia6,580
 9
 7,545
 11
 14,125
 10
Maryland4,104
 5
 6,095
 9
 10,199
 7
North Carolina4,482
 6
 5,354
 8
 9,836
 7
Texas3,954
 5
 4,122
 6
 8,076
 6
Tennessee4,101
 5
 2,985
 4
 7,086
 5
South Carolina1,155
 2
 2,385
 4
 3,540
 2
District of Columbia1,501
 2
 1,022
 2
 2,523
 2
Other Southern states2,791
 4
 2,452
 4
 5,243
 4
Total South region51,710
 69
 53,896
 80
 105,606
 74
Northeast region:           
New York4,731
 6
 1,139
 2
 5,870
 4
Pennsylvania1,458
 2
 1,189
 2
 2,647
 2
New Jersey1,327
 2
 689
 1
 2,016
 1
Other Northeastern states2,387
 3
 895
 1
 3,282
 2
Total Northeast region9,903
 13
 3,912
 6
 13,815
 10
West region:           
California4,893
 6
 3,246
 5
 8,139
 6
Other Western states2,172
 3
 2,235
 3
 4,407
 3
Total West region7,065
 9
 5,481
 8
 12,546
 9
Midwest region:           
Illinois1,637
 2
 922
 1
 2,559
 2
Ohio718
 1
 688
 1
 1,406
 1
Missouri922
 1
 395
 1
 1,317
 1
Other Midwestern states2,211
 3
 2,336
 3
 4,547
 3
Total Midwest region5,488
 7
 4,341
 6
 9,829
 7
Foreign loans1,311
 2
 74
 
 1,385
 1
Total
$75,477
 100% 
$67,704
 100% 
$143,181
 100%

Loans Held for Investment
LHFI totaled $142.6$147.2 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018, a decreasean increase of $563 million$4.0 billion from December 31, 2017, driven largely by decreasesincreases in commercial construction loans, home equity products,C&I, consumer direct, CRE, nonguaranteed residential mortgages, and consumer indirectguaranteed student loans, offset partially by growthdecreases in residential home equity products, commercial construction, and consumer other directindirect loans.
Average LHFI for the firstthird quarter of 2018 totaled $142.9$146.0 billion, down $750 millionup $1.8 billion, or 1%, compared to the firstprior quarter, of 2017, driven largelyprimarily by the sale of PACsame factors as discussed above related to the change in December 2017 as well as by declines in average home equity productsperiod end LHFI. See Table 1 and commercial construction loans, offset in part by growth across most consumer lending categories. See the "Net Interest Income/Margin" section ofin this MD&A for more detailed information regarding average loan balances.LHFI balances, yields earned, and associated impacts on net interest income.
Commercial loans decreased $153 million during the first quarter of 2018, driven by payoffs and paydowns of commercial construction loans.
Consumer loans decreased $410 million,increased $2.5 billion, or 1%3%, during the first quarternine months of 2018, driven by a $385$1.8 billion, or 3%, increase in C&I loans resulting from growth in a number of industry verticals and client segments. CRE loans also increased $1.3 billion, or 24%, driven by portfolio diversification and increased loan production, offset partially by a $667 million, or 18%, decrease in commercial construction loans due to payoffs and paydowns.
Consumer loans increased $1.6 billion during the first nine months of 2018, driven by a $1.4 billion, or 16%, increase in other direct, a $1.1 billion, or 4%, increase in nonguaranteed residential mortgages, and a $406 million, or 6%, increase in guaranteed student loans. These increases were offset partially by a $957 million, or 9%, decrease in residential home equity products and a $271$130 million, or 2%1%, decline in indirect loans. These decreases were offset partially by a $212 million, or 2%, increase in other direct loans during the first quarternine months of 2018.
At March 31,September 30, 2018, 41%40% of our residential home equity products wereproduct balance was in a first lien position and 59% were60% was in a junior lien position. For residential home equity products in a junior
lien position at September 30, 2018, we own or service 32% of the balance of loans that are senior to the home equity product.
Loans Held for Sale
LHFS increased $87decreased $329 million, or 4%14%, during the first quarternine months of 2018, driven by transfers of guaranteed student and residentialdue primarily to loan sales exceeding mortgage LHFI into LHFS.production.

Asset Quality
Our asset quality metrics were strong during the third quarter and first quarternine months of 2018, driven by economic growth and improved residential housing markets, evidenced by our low annualized net charge-offcharge-offs to total average LHFI ratio and NPL ratios.low NPLs to period-end LHFI ratio. These low levels reflect the relative strength across our LHFI portfolio, particularly in C&I, CRE, and residential mortgages, though we recognize that there could be variability and normalization moving forward. See the “Allowance for Credit Losses” and “Nonperforming Assets” sections of this MD&A for detailed information regarding our net charge-offs and NPLs.
NPAs increased $37$13 million, or 5%2%, during the first quarternine months of 2018, driven primarily by hurricane-related forbearanceC&I and the downgrade of one CRE borrower downgrades as well as the impact of hurricane-related forbearances, offset partiallylargely by charge-offs, paydowns, and the return to accrual status of certain nonperforming home equity products. At Marchboth September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2018,2017, the ratio of NPLs to period-end LHFI was 0.50%, an increase of three basis points compared to December 31, 2017.0.47%.

Early stage delinquencies were 0.68%0.74% and 0.80% of total loans at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Early stage delinquencies, excluding government-guaranteed loans, were 0.22%0.24% and 0.32% at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The reductions in early
stage delinquencies resulted primarily from improvements in consumer loans.
For the third quarter of 2018, net charge-offs totaled $88 million, compared to $73 million in the prior quarter and $78 million in the third quarter of 2017. The annualized net charge-offs to total average LHFI ratio was 0.24% and 0.21% for the third quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively, and was 0.20% for the prior quarter. For the first quarternine months of 2018 and 2017, net charge-offs totaled $79$240 million and $112$261 million, and the annualized net charge-offcharge-offs to total average LHFI ratio was 0.22% and 0.32%0.24%, respectively. The decreasedecline in net charge-offs compared to the first nine months of 2017 was driven primarily by overall asset quality improvements and lower commercial net charge-offs.
Overall, weWe expect to operate within aan annualized net charge-offcharge-offs to total average LHFI ratio of between 25 and 3530 basis points for the remainderfourth quarter of 2018 and2018. Additionally, we expect the ALLL to period-end LHFI ratio to declinestabilize, which would result in a provision for loan losses that modestly if current asset quality conditions are sustained.exceeds net charge-offs, given loan growth.


ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The allowance for credit losses consists of the ALLL and the reserve for unfunded commitments. A rollforward of our allowance for credit losses and summarized credit loss experience is shown in Table 6. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," and the "Critical Accounting Policies"
MD&A section of our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as Note 7, "Allowance for Credit Losses," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for further information regarding our ALLL accounting policy, determination, and allocation.

Summary of Credit Losses Experience    Table 6
Summary of Credit Losses Experience Table 6
Three Months Ended March 31         
Three Months Ended September 30   Nine Months Ended September 30  
(Dollars in millions)2018 2017 
% Change 4
2018 2017 
% Change 4
 2018 2017 
% Change 4
Allowance for Credit Losses                
Balance - beginning of period
$1,814
 
$1,776
 2 %
$1,722
 
$1,803
 (4)% 
$1,814
 
$1,776
 2 %
(Benefit)/provision for unfunded commitments(10) 2
 NM
(Benefit)/provision for loan losses:     
Commercial loans(16) 46
 NM
Consumer loans54
 71
 (24)
Provision/(benefit) for unfunded commitments
 1
 (100) (7) 6
 NM
Provision for loan losses:           
Commercial LHFI36
 5
 NM
 37
 89
 (58)
Consumer LHFI25
 114
 (78) 91
 235
 (61)
Total provision for loan losses38
 117
 (68)61
 119
 (49) 128
 324
 (60)
Charge-offs:    
          
Commercial loans(23) (63) (63)
Consumer loans(83) (83) 
Commercial LHFI(51) (33) 55
 (95) (122) (22)
Consumer LHFI(71) (76) (7) (234) (235) 
Total charge-offs(106) (146) (27)(122) (109) 12
 (329) (357) (8)
Recoveries:                
Commercial loans6
 13
 (54)
Consumer loans21
 21
 
Commercial LHFI9
 11
 (18) 19
 32
 (41)
Consumer LHFI25
 20
 25
 70
 64
 9
Total recoveries27
 34
 (21)34
 31
 10
 89
 96
 (7)
Net charge-offs(79) (112) (29)(88) (78) 13
 (240) (261) (8)
Balance - end of period
$1,763
 
$1,783
 (1)%
$1,695
 
$1,845
 (8)% 
$1,695
 
$1,845
 (8)%
Components:                
ALLL
$1,694
 
$1,714
 (1)%    

 
$1,623
 
$1,772
 (8)%
Unfunded commitments reserve 1
69
 69
 
    

 72
 73
 (1)
Allowance for credit losses
$1,763
 
$1,783
 (1)%

 

 

 
$1,695
 
$1,845
 (8)%
Average LHFI
$142,920
 
$143,670
 (1)%
$145,995
 
$144,706
 1 % 
$144,368
 
$144,276
  %
Period-end LHFI outstanding142,618
 143,529
 (1)      147,215
 144,264
 2
Ratios:                
ALLL to period-end LHFI 2
1.19% 1.20% (1)%      1.10% 1.23% (11)%
ALLL to NPLs 3
2.40x
 2.18x
 10
      2.35x
 2.55x
 (8)
Net charge-offs to total average LHFI (annualized)0.22% 0.32% (31)0.24% 0.21% 14
 0.22% 0.24% (8)
1 The unfunded commitments reserve is recorded in Other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
2 $188$168 million and $221$206 million of LHFI measured at fair value at March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, were excluded from period-end LHFI in the calculation, as no allowance is recorded for loans measured at fair value. We believe that this presentation more appropriately reflects the relationship between the ALLL and loans that attract an allowance.
3 $56 million and $3 million of NPLs measured at fair value at March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, were excluded from NPLs in the calculation, as no allowance is recorded for NPLs measured at fair value. We believe that this presentation more appropriately reflects the relationship between the ALLL and NPLs that attract an allowance.
4 "NM" - Not meaningful. Those changes over 100 percent were not considered to be meaningful.

Provision for Credit Losses
The total provision for credit losses includes the (benefit)/provision for loan losses and the provision/(benefit)/provision for unfunded commitments. The provision for loan losses is the result of a detailed analysis performed to estimate an appropriate and adequate ALLL. For the firstthird quarter of 2018, the total provision for loan losses decreased $79$58 million compared to the firstthird quarter of 2017, due to elevated hurricane-related reserves in the third quarter of 2017 and improved economic and credit conditions resulting in a lower ALLL. For the first nine months of 2018, the total provision for loan losses decreased $196 million compared to the same period in 2017, driven primarily by a lower ALLL and lower net charge-offs and a lower ALLL.charge-offs.
Our quarterly review processes to determine the level of reserves and provision are informed by trends in our LHFI portfolio (including historical loss experience, expected loss calculations, delinquencies, performing status, size and composition of the loan portfolio, and concentrations within the portfolio) combined with a view on economic conditions. In addition to internal credit quality metrics, the ALLL estimate is impacted by other indicators of credit risk associated with the portfolio, such as geopolitical and economic risks, and the increasing availability of credit and resultant higher levels of leverage for consumers and commercial borrowers.








 
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
ALLL by Loan SegmentALLL by Loan Segment Table 7
ALLL by Loan Segment Table 7
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
ALLL:      
Commercial loans
$1,068
 
$1,101
Consumer loans626
 634
Commercial LHFI
$1,062
 
$1,101
Consumer LHFI561
 634
Total
$1,694
 
$1,735

$1,623
 
$1,735
Segment ALLL as a % of total ALLL:
Commercial loans63% 63%
Consumer loans37
 37
Commercial LHFI65% 63%
Consumer LHFI35
 37
Total100% 100%100% 100%
Segment LHFI as a % of total LHFI:
Commercial loans53% 53%
Consumer loans47
 47
Commercial LHFI53% 53%
Consumer LHFI47
 47
Total100% 100%100% 100%

The ALLL decreased $41$112 million, or 2%6%, from December 31, 2017, to $1.7$1.6 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018. The decrease was due primarily to continued asset quality improvements, including an improved outlooka reduction in the amount of reserves held for hurricane-related losses.losses and improved economic and credit conditions, offset partially by loan growth. The ALLL to period-end LHFI ratio (excluding loans measured at fair value) decreased two11 basis points from December 31, 2017, to 1.19%1.10% at March 31,September 30, 2018. The ratio of the ALLL to NPLs (excluding NPLs measured at fair value) decreased to 2.40x2.35x at March 31,September 30, 2018, compared to 2.59x at December 31, 2017, due to a decrease in the ALLL and an increase in NPLs.


NONPERFORMING ASSETS

Table 8 presents our NPAs:
    Table 8
NPA and TDR Composition and Other Credit Data    Table 8
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 % ChangeSeptember 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 % Change
Nonaccrual loans/NPLs:     
Commercial loans:     
NPAs:     
Commercial NPLs:     
C&I
$216
 
$215
  %
$256
 
$215
 19 %
CRE46
 24
 92
43
 24
 79
Commercial construction
 1
 (100)
 1
 (100)
Total commercial NPLs262
 240
 9
299
 240
 25
Consumer loans:     
Consumer NPLs:     
Residential mortgages - nonguaranteed253
 206
 23
225
 206
 9
Residential home equity products169
 203
 (17)149
 203
 (27)
Residential construction16
 11
 45
9
 11
 (18)
Other direct8
 7
 14
7
 7
 
Indirect4
 7
 (43)6
 7
 (14)
Total consumer NPLs450
 434
 4
396
 434
 (9)
Total nonaccrual loans/NPLs 1

$712
 
$674
 6 %
$695
 
$674
 3 %
OREO 2

$59
 
$57
 4 %
$52
 
$57
 (9)%
Other repossessed assets7
 10
 (30)7
 10
 (30)
Total NPAs
$778
 
$741
 5 %
$754
 
$741
 2 %
Accruing LHFI past due 90 days or more
$1,348
 
$1,405
 (4)%
$1,482
 
$1,405
 5 %
Accruing LHFS past due 90 days or more3
 2
 50
2
 2
 
TDRs:          
Accruing restructured loans
$2,476
 
$2,468
  %
$2,327
 
$2,468
 (6)%
Nonaccruing restructured loans 1
279
 286
 (2)345
 286
 21
Ratios:          
NPLs to period-end LHFI0.50% 0.47% 6 %0.47% 0.47%  %
NPAs to period-end LHFI, OREO, and other repossessed assets0.55
 0.52
 6
0.51
 0.52
 (2)
1 Nonaccruing restructured loans are included in total nonaccrual loans/NPLs.
2 Does not include foreclosed real estate related to loans insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA. Proceeds due from the FHA and the VA are recorded as a receivable in Other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets until the property is conveyed and the funds are received. The receivable related to proceeds due from the FHA and the VA totaled $43$49 million and $45 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.


Problem loans or loans with potential weaknesses, such as nonaccrual loans, loans over 90 days past due and still accruing, and TDR loans, are disclosed in the NPA table above. Loans with known potential credit problems that may not otherwise be disclosed in this table include accruing criticized commercial loans, which are disclosed along with additional credit quality information in Note 6, “Loans,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q. At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were no known significant potential problem loans that are not otherwise disclosed. See the "Critical Accounting Policies" MD&A section of our 2017 Annual Report on MD&AForm 10-K for additional information regarding our policy on loans classified as nonaccrual.
NPAs increased $37$13 million, or 5%2%, during the first quarternine months of 2018, and the ratio of NPLs to period-end LHFI2018. The increase in NPAs was 0.50% at March 31, 2018, up three basis points from December 31, 2017. These increases were driven primarily by commercial borrower downgrades and hurricane-related forbearanceforbearances on residential mortgage loans, and the downgrade of one CRE borrower, offset partiallylargely by the return to accrual status of certain nonperforming home equity products.

 
Nonperforming Loans
NPLs at March 31,September 30, 2018 totaled $712$695 million, an increase of $38$21 million, or 6%3%, from December 31, 2017, driven primarily by an increaseincreases in C&I, CRE, and residential mortgage NPLs, offset partiallylargely by a decrease in home equity NPLs. The ratio of NPLs to period-end LHFI was 0.47% at both September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
Commercial NPLs increased $22$59 million, or 9%25%, during the first quarternine months of 2018 driven by an increaseincreases in C&I and CRE NPLs of $41 million, or 19%, and $19 million, or 79%, respectively, due primarily to the downgrade of one borrower.borrower downgrades, offset partially by charge-offs and paydowns.
Consumer NPLs increased $16decreased $38 million, or 4%9%, from December 31, 2017, driven by the return to accrual status of certain home equity products, offset partially by an increase in residential mortgage NPLs due primarily to hurricane-related forbearance, and a slight increase in residential construction NPLs, offset partially by the return to accrual status of certain home equity products.forbearances.
Interest income on consumer nonaccrual loans, if received, is recognized on a cash basis. Interest income on commercial nonaccrual loans is not generally recognized until after the principal amount has been reduced to zero. We Interest income

recognized $4 million of interest income related toon nonaccrual loans (which includes out-of-period interest for certain commercial

nonaccrual loans) during bothtotaled $5 million and $11 million for the firstthird quarter of 2018 and 2017.2017, and totaled $15 million and $24 million for the first nine months of 2018 and 2017, respectively. If all such loans had been accruing interest according to their original contractual terms, estimated interest income of $12 million and $11 million would have been recognized during bothfor the firstthird quarter of 2018 and 2017.2017, and $34 million and $33 million for the first nine months of 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Other Nonperforming Assets
OREO increased $2decreased $5 million, or 4%9%, during the first quarternine months of 2018 to $59$52 million at March 31,September 30, 2018. Sales of OREO resulted in proceeds of $15$47 million and $12$46 million during the first quarternine months of 2018 and 2017, resulting in net gains of $3$7 million and $2$8 million, respectively, inclusive of valuation reserves.
Most of our OREO properties are located in Florida, Maryland, Virginia, Maryland, and NorthSouth Carolina. Residential and commercial real estate properties comprised 91%93% and 6%4%, respectively, of total OREO at March 31,September 30, 2018, with the remainder related to land. Upon foreclosure, the values of these properties were re-evaluated and, if necessary, written down to their then-current estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell. Any further decreases in property values could result in additional losses as they are regularly revalued. See the "Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements" section within Note 16, "Fair Value Election and Measurement," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for additional information.
Gains and losses on the sale of OREO are recorded in Other noninterest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Sales of OREO and the related gains or losses are highly dependent on our disposition strategy. We are actively managing and disposing of these assets to minimize future losses and to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements.
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more are included in LHFI and LHFS, and totaled $1.5 billion and $1.4 billion at both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.2017, respectively. Of these, 97% and 98% were government-guaranteed at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Accruing LHFI past due 90 days or more decreased $57increased $77 million, or 4%5%, during the first quarternine months of 2018, driven by a $95$125 million, decreaseor 12%, increase in guaranteed student loans, offset partially by a $33$59 million, increaseor 17%, decrease in guaranteed residential mortgages.
Restructured Loans
To maximize the collection of loan balances, we evaluate troubled loans on a case-by-case basis to determine if a loan modification is appropriate. We pursue loan modifications when there is a reasonable chance that an appropriate modification would allow our client to continue servicing the debt. For loans secured by residential real estate, if the client demonstrates a loss of income such that the client cannot reasonably support a modified loan, we may pursue short sales and/or deed-in-lieu arrangements. For loans secured by income producing commercial properties, we perform an in-depth and ongoing programmatic review of a number of factors, including cash flows, loan structures, collateral values, and guarantees to identify loans within our income producing commercial loan portfolio that are most likely to experience distress.
Based on our review of the aforementioned factors and our assessment of overall risk, we evaluate the benefits of proactively initiating discussions with our clients to improve a loan’s risk profile. In some cases, we may renegotiate terms of their loans so that they have a higher likelihood of continuing to perform. To date, we have restructured loans in a variety of ways to help our clients service their debt and to mitigate the potential for additional losses. The restructuring methods offered to our clients primarily include an extension of the loan's contractual term and/or a reduction in the loan's original contractual interest rate. In limited circumstances, loan modifications that forgive contractually specified unpaid principal balances may also be offered. For residential home equity lines nearing the end of their draw period and for commercial loans, the primary restructuring method is an extension of the loan's contractual term.
Loans with modifications deemed to be economic concessions resulting from borrower financial difficulties are reported as TDRs. Accruing loans may retain accruing status at the time of restructure and the status is determined by, among other things, the nature of the restructure, the borrower's repayment history, and the borrower's repayment capacity.
Nonaccruing loans that are modified and demonstrate a sustainable history of repayment performance in accordance with their modified terms, typically six months, are usually reclassified to accruing TDR status. Generally, once a loan becomes a TDR, we expect that the loan will continue to be reported as a TDR for its remaining life, even after returning to accruing status (unless the modified rates and terms at the time of modification were available in the market at the time of the modification, or if the loan is subsequently remodified at market rates). Some restructurings may not ultimately result in the complete collection of principal and interest (as modified by the terms of the restructuring), culminating in default, which could result in additional incremental losses. These potential incremental losses are factored into our ALLL estimate. The level of re-defaults will likely be affected by future economic conditions. See Note 6, “Loans,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for additional information.
At March 31,September 30, 2018, our total TDR portfolio totaled $2.8$2.7 billion and was comprised of $2.6$2.5 billion, or 96%95%, of consumer loans (predominantly first and second lien residential mortgages and home equity lines of credit) and $119$128 million, or 4%5%, of commercial loans. Total TDRs increased $1decreased $82 million from December 31, 2017, as an $8a $141 million, increaseor 6%, decrease in accruing TDRs was offset largelypartially by a $7$59 million, or 2%21%, reductionincrease in nonaccruing TDRs.
Generally, interest income on restructured loans that have met sustained performance criteria and returned to accruing status is recognized according to the terms of the restructuring. Such recognized interest income oftotaled $26 million and $27 million was recognized for both the firstthird quarter of 2018 and 2017, .and totaled $80 million and $81 million for the first nine months of 2018 and 2017, respectively. If all such loans had been accruing interest according to their original contractual terms, estimated interest income of $30 million and $32 million for the third quarter of 2018 and $332017, and $93 million and $98 million for the first quarternine months of 2018 and 2017, respectively, would have been recognized.
For additional information regarding our restructured loans and associated accounting policies, see Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," and the "Nonperforming Assets" MD&A section in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as Note 6, “Loans,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.


SELECTED FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE
The following is a discussion of the more significant financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. For a complete discussion of our financial instruments measured at fair value and the methodologies used to estimate the fair values of our financial instruments, see Note 16, “Fair Value Election and Measurement,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.

Trading Assets and Liabilities and Derivative Instruments
Trading assets and derivative instruments increased $19$583 million, or 11%, compared to December 31, 2017. This increase was due primarily to increases in CP, corporate and other debt securities, municipalfederal agency securities, CP, trading loans, and U.S. Treasury securities, agency MBS, and municipal securities, offset largelypartially by decreasesa decrease in federal agency securities and derivative instruments. These changes were driven by
 
by normal activity in the trading portfolio product mix as we manage our business and continue to meet our clients' needs. Trading liabilities and derivative instruments increased $454$580 million, or 35%45%, compared to December 31, 2017, driven by increases in derivative instruments, U.S. Treasury securities, and corporate and other debt securities, and U.S. Treasury securities. For composition and valuation assumptions related to our trading products, as well as additional information on our derivative instruments, see Note 4, “Trading Assets and Liabilities and Derivative Instruments,” Note 15, “Derivative Financial Instruments,” and the “Trading Assets and Derivative Instruments and Investment Securities Available for Sale” section of Note 16, “Fair Value Election and Measurement,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q. Also, for a discussion of market risk associated with our trading activities, refer to the “Market Risk ManagementMarket Risk from Trading Activities” section of this MD&A.



Securities Available for Sale       
Investment Securities       
      Table 9
       
Investment Securities Portfolio Composition

      Table 9
March 31, 2018September 30, 2018
(Dollars in millions)
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Securities AFS:       
U.S. Treasury securities
$4,437
 
$—
 
$97
 
$4,340

$4,275
 
$—
 
$142
 
$4,133
Federal agency securities248
 3
 2
 249
224
 2
 3
 223
U.S. states and political subdivisions644
 5
 13
 636
621
 3
 22
 602
MBS - agency residential22,837
 146
 470
 22,513
23,112
 111
 718
 22,505
MBS - agency commercial2,320
 1
 79
 2,242
2,713
 1
 112
 2,602
MBS - non-agency residential53
 4
 
 57
MBS - non-agency commercial897
 
 23
 874
943
 
 38
 905
ABS6
 1
 
 7
Corporate and other debt securities16
 
 
 16
14
 
 
 14
Total securities AFS
$31,458
 
$160
 
$684
 
$30,934

$31,902
 
$117
 
$1,035
 
$30,984

  December 31, 2017 1
 December 31, 2017 1
(Dollars in millions)
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Securities AFS:       
U.S. Treasury securities
$4,361
 
$2
 
$32
 
$4,331

$4,361
 
$2
 
$32
 
$4,331
Federal agency securities257
 3
 1
 259
257
 3
 1
 259
U.S. states and political subdivisions618
 7
 8
 617
618
 7
 8
 617
MBS - agency residential22,616
 222
 134
 22,704
22,616
 222
 134
 22,704
MBS - agency commercial2,121
 3
 38
 2,086
2,121
 3
 38
 2,086
MBS - non-agency residential55
 4
 
 59
55
 4
 
 59
MBS - non-agency commercial862
 7
 3
 866
862
 7
 3
 866
ABS6
 2
 
 8
6
 2
 
 8
Corporate and other debt securities17
 
 
 17
17
 
 
 17
Total securities AFS
$30,913
 
$250
 
$216
 
$30,947

$30,913
 
$250
 
$216
 
$30,947
1 Beginning January 1, 2018, we reclassified equity securities previously presented in Securities available for sale to Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For periods prior to January 1, 2018, these equity securitiesReclassifications have been reclassifiedmade to Other assetspreviously reported amounts for comparability. See Note 9, "Other Assets," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for additional information.

The investment securities AFS portfolio is managed as part of our overall liquidity management and ALM process to optimize income and portfolio value over an entire interest rate cycle while mitigating the associated risks. Changes in the size and composition of the portfolio reflect our efforts to maintain a high quality, liquid portfolio, while managing our interest rate risk profile. The
amortized cost of the portfolio increased $545$989 million during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, due primarily to increased holdings of agency commercial and residential andMBS as well as non-agency commercial MBS, offset partially by decreased holdings of U.S. Treasury securities, non-agency commercialresidential MBS, and municipalfederal agency securities. The fair value of the securities AFS portfolio decreased $13increased $37 million compared to December 31,

2017, due primarily to the aforementioned increases in securities holdings, offset largely by a $558$952 million increase in net unrealized losses resulting fromassociated with increased market interest rates being higher than the securities' stated coupon rates, offset largely by the aforementioned changes in portfolio mix.rates. At March 31,September 30, 2018, the overall securities AFS portfolio was in a $524$918 million net unrealized loss position, compared to a net unrealized gain position of $34 million at December 31, 2017. The securities AFS portfolio had an effective duration of 4.74.8 years at March 31,September 30, 2018 compared to 4.5 years at December 31, 2017.
For the three months ended March 31, 2018, net
Net realized gains related to the sale of securities AFS were immaterial and for both the threenine months ended March 31, 2017 there were no net realized gains recognized. For both the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, there2017. There were no OTTI credit losses recognized in earnings.earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. For additional information on our accounting policies, composition, and valuation assumptions related to the securities AFS portfolio, see Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," to our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as Note 5, "Securities Available for Sale,"Investment Securities," Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies," and the “TradingTrading Assets and Derivative Instruments and Investment Securities Available for Sale” section of Note 16, “Fair Value Election and Measurement,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.
For the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, the average yield on the securities AFS portfolio was 2.62%2.69%, compared to 2.41%2.49% for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the average yield on the securities AFS portfolio was 2.66%, compared to 2.45% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increaseincreases in average yield waswere due primarily to higher benchmark interest rates, favorable mix shift, and lower premium amortization, higher interest rates, and shifts in portfolio mix.amortization. See additional discussion related to average yields on securities AFS in the "Net Interest Income/Margin" section of this MD&A.

The credit quality and liquidity profile of theour investment securities AFS portfolio remained strong at March 31, 2018 and, consequently, we believe that we have the flexibility to respond to changes in the economic environment and take actions as opportunities arise to manage our interest rate risk profile and balance liquidity risk against investment returns.September 30, 2018. Over the longer term, the size and composition of the investment securities AFS portfolio will reflect balance sheet trends and our overall liquidity objectives, and interest rate risk management objectives. Accordingly, the size and composition of the investment securities AFS portfolio could change over time.

BORROWINGS

Short-Term Borrowings
Short-term borrowings include funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and other short-term borrowings. Our short-term borrowings at March 31,September 30, 2018 decreased $1.2increased $3.2 billion, or 25%66%, from December 31, 2017, driven by a $1.4increases of $2.1 billion, decrease$793 million, and $227 million in other short-term borrowings, funds purchased, offset partially by a $174 million increase inand securities sold under agreements to repurchase.repurchase, respectively. The increase in other short-term borrowings was due primarily to a $2.0 billion increase in outstanding FHLB advances.

Long-Term Debt
During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, our long-term debt increased by $907 million,$4.5 billion, or 9%46%. This increase was driven by our(i) the Bank's first quarter of 2018 issuances of $500 million of 5-year fixed rate senior notes and $750 million of 3-year fixed-tofixed-to-floating rate senior notes under the Global Bank Note program, (ii) our second quarter of 2018 issuance of $850 million of 7-year fixed rate senior notes under the Parent Company SEC shelf registration, (iii) the Bank's third quarter of 2018 issuances of $500 million of 4-year and $500 million of 6-year fixed-to-floating rate senior notes as well as $300 million of 4-year floating rate senior notes under ourthe Global Bank Note program.program, and (iv) increases of $1.0 billion and $542 million in outstanding FHLB advances and direct finance leases, respectively, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Partially offsetting these issuances wereincreases was $314 million of subordinated note maturities during the first nine months of 2018.
Table 10 presents our October 2018 issuances of long-term debt under the Global Bank Note program (completed subsequent to the current quarter.reporting period).
In the second quarter of 2018, we issued $850 million of 7-year senior notes that pay a fixed annual coupon rate of 4.00% under our Parent Company SEC shelf registration. We may call these notes at any time or from time to time prior to March 1, 2025 under a "make-whole" provision, and they mature on May 1, 2025. This issuance allowed us to supplement our funding sources at a favorable borrowing rate and increase Parent Company liquidity.
Issuances Subsequent to September 30, 2018Table 10
Bank IssuancesPrincipal AmountInterest RateOptional RedemptionMaturity Date
7-year fixed rate senior notes$500 million4.050% per annumCallable either (i) on or after September 3, 2025, or (ii) on or after 180 days from October 26, 2018 and prior to September 3, 2025 under a "make-whole" provisionNovember 3, 2025
3-year fixed-to-floating rate senior notes$600 millionFixed annual rate of 3.525% until October 25, 2020 and floating rate thereafter of 3-month LIBOR plus 50 basis pointsCallable on October 26, 2020October 26, 2021
3-year floating rate senior notes$300 million3-month LIBOR plus 50 basis pointsCallable on or after October 26, 2020October 26, 2021

CAPITAL RESOURCES
Regulatory Capital
Our primary federal regulator, the Federal Reserve, measures capital adequacy within a framework that sets capital requirements relative to the risk profiles of individual banks. The framework assigns risk weights to assets and off-balance sheet risk exposures according to predefined classifications, creating a base from which to compare capital levels. We measure capital adequacy using the standardized approach to the FRB's Basel III Final Rule. Basel III capital categories are discussed below.
CET1 is limited to common equity and related surplus (net of treasury stock), retained earnings, AOCI, and common equity minority interest, subject to limitations. Certain regulatory adjustments and exclusions are made to CET1, including removal of goodwill, other intangible assets, certain DTAs, and certain defined benefit pension fund net assets. Further, banks employingnot subject to the standardized approach to Basel IIIadvanced approaches risk-based capital rules were granted a one-time permanent election to exclude AOCI from the calculation of regulatory capital. We elected to exclude AOCI from the calculation of our CET1.
Tier 1 capital includes CET1, qualified preferred equity instruments, qualifying minority interest not included in CET1, subject to limitations, and certain other regulatory deductions. Tier 2 capital includes qualifying portions of subordinated debt, trust preferred securities and minority interest not included in Tier 1 capital, ALLL up to a maximum of 1.25% of RWA, and a limited percentage of unrealized gains on equity securities. Total capital consists of Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital.
To be considered "adequately capitalized," we are subject to minimum CET1, Tier 1 capital, and Total capital ratios of 4.5%, 6%, and 8%, respectively, plus, in 2018, 2017, and 2016, CCB amounts of 1.875%, 1.25%, and 0.625%, respectively, are required to be maintained above the minimum capital ratios. The CCB will be fully phased-in at 2.5% above the minimum capital ratios on January 1, 2019. The CCB places restrictions on the amount of retained earnings that may be used for capital distributions or discretionary bonus payments as risk-based capital ratios approach their respective “adequately capitalized” minimum capital ratios plus the CCB. To be considered “well-capitalized,” Tier 1 and Total capital ratios of 6% and 10%, respectively, are required.

In April 2018, the Federal ReserveFRB issued an NPR that included proposed modifications to minimum regulatory capital requirements as well as proposed changes to assumptions used in the stress testing process. The modifications would replace the 2.5% CCB with a Stress Capital Buffer "SCB."("SCB"). The SCB is the greater of the difference between the actual CET1 ratio and the minimum forecasted CET1 ratio under a severely adverse scenario, plus four quarters of planned common stock dividends,

or 2.5%. The proposed rule is expected to be effective December 31, 2018,, based on modeling and projections performed by the Federal Reserve. If finalized, the SCB would be implemented incalculated based on the 2019 CCAR.CCAR process and be incorporated into capital requirements effective as of the fourth quarter of 2019.
We are also subject to a Tier 1 leverage ratio requirement, which measures Tier 1 capital against average total assets less certain deductions, as calculated in accordance with regulatory guidelines. The minimum leverage ratio threshold is 4% and is not subject to the CCB.
A transition period previously applied to certain capital elements and risk weighted assets, where phase-in percentages were applicable in the calculations of capital and RWA. One of the more significant transitions required by the Basel III Final Rule relates to the risk weighting applied to MSRs, which impacted the CET1 ratio during the transition period when compared to the CET1 ratio calculated on a fully phased-in basis. Specifically, the fully phased-in risk weight of MSRs would have been 250%, while the risk weight to be applied during the transition period was 100%.
In the third quarter of 2017, the OCC, FRB, and FDIC issued two NPRs in an effort to simplify certain aspects of the capital rules, a Transitions NPR and a Simplifications NPR. The Transitions NPR proposed to extend certain transition provisions in the capital rules for banks with less than $250 billion in total consolidated assets. The Transitions NPR was finalized in November 2017, andresulting in the MSR risk weight of 100% being extended indefinitely. The rule became effective on January 1, 2018. The Simplifications NPR would simplify the capital treatment for certain acquisition, development, and construction loans, mortgage servicing assets, certain deferred tax assets, investments in the capital instruments of unconsolidated financial institutions, and minority interest.
In May 2018, the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act ("the Act") was signed into law, which provides certain limited amendments to the Dodd-Frank Act as well as certain targeted modifications to other post-financial crisis regulatory requirements. While certain of the Act's provisions could impact our capital planning and strategy execution, the extent of the impact is yet to be determined given that federal banking regulators have not yet conformed current regulations to the provisions of the Act.
In September 2018, the OCC, FRB, and FDIC issued an NPR that would revise the definition of high volatility commercial real estate exposure ("HVCRE") to conform with the statutory definition of a high volatility commercial real estate acquisition, development, or construction loan, in accordance with the Act. The revised definition would exclude any loans made prior to January 1, 2015, and certain other loans currently classified as HVCRE. We are continuing to evaluate these items, however, we do not anticipate them to have a significantcurrently evaluating the impact of this NPR on our capital ratios.
In October 2018, the OCC, FRB, and FDIC issued an NPR that would establish four risk-based categories of standards for determining applicability of capital and liquidity requirements for large U.S. banking organizations. The proposal is consistent with a separate NPR issued concurrently by the FRB that would amend certain prudential standards, including standards relating to liquidity, risk management, stress testing, and single-counterparty credit limits, to reflect the risk profiles of banking organizations. We are currently evaluating the impact of these NPRs.
In October 2018, the OCC, FRB, and FDIC issued an NPR that introduced a new approach for calculating the exposure amount of derivative contracts for regulatory capital purposes, the standardized approach for counterparty credit risk ("SA-CCR"). If finalized, we would be permitted to utilize the SA-CCR in place of the current exposure methodology for determining counterparty credit risk exposures. We are currently evaluating the impact of this NPR.
Table 1011 presents the Company's Basel III regulatory capital metrics:
Regulatory Capital Metrics 1
Regulatory Capital Metrics 1
 Table 10
Regulatory Capital Metrics 1
 Table 11
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Regulatory capital:      
CET1
$17,388
 
$17,141

$17,543
 
$17,141
Tier 1 capital19,436
 19,622
19,591
 19,622
Total capital22,787
 23,028
22,791
 23,028
Assets:      
RWA
$176,630
 
$175,950

$182,729
 
$175,950
Average total assets for leverage ratio199,364
 200,141
202,786
 200,141
Risk-based ratios 2:
      
CET19.84% 9.74%9.60% 9.74%
Tier 1 capital11.00
 11.15
10.72
 11.15
Total capital12.90
 13.09
12.47
 13.09
Leverage9.75
 9.80
9.66
 9.80
Total shareholders’ equity to assets11.85
 12.21
11.43
 12.21
1 We calculated these measures based on the methodology specified by our primary regulator, which may differ from the calculations used by other financial services companies that present similar metrics.
2 Basel III capital ratios are calculated under the standardized approach using regulatory capital methodology applicable to us for each period presented, including the phase-in of transition provisions.presented.

Our CET1 ratio increaseddecreased compared to December 31, 2017, driven primarily by growth in retained earnings,risk weighted assets, offset partially by an increase in treasury stock.retained earnings. The Tier 1 capital and Total capital ratios declined compared to December 31, 2017, due to
the impact of our redemption of all outstanding shares of Series E Preferred Stock redemption in March 2018, detailed in the "Capital Actions" section below.first quarter of 2018. Specifically, we used net proceeds from our November 2017 Series H Preferred Stock issuance to redeem all 4,500 shares of our outstanding higher cost Series E Preferred Stock in the first quarter of 2018. At March 31,September 30, 2018, our capital ratios were well above current regulatory requirements. See Note13, "Capital," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding our regulatory capital adequacy requirements and metrics.

Capital Actions
We declared and paid common stock dividends of $187$603 million, or $0.40$1.30 per common share, for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, compared to $128$443 million, or $0.26$0.92 per common share, for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2017. Additionally, we declared dividends on our preferred stock of $31$81 million and $17$65 million during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Various regulations administered by federal and state bank regulatory authorities restrict the Bank's ability to distribute its retained earnings. At March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank's capacity to pay cash dividends to the Parent Company under these regulations totaled approximately $1.7$2.1 billion and $2.5 billion, respectively.
During each of the first quarterand second quarters of 2018, we repurchased $330 million of our outstanding common stock as part of our 2017 capital plan. At March 31, 2018, we had $330 million of remaining common stock repurchase capacity available under our 2017 capital plan. In April 2018, we repurchased an additional $330 million of our common stock at market value, which completed our $1.32 billion of authorized common equity repurchases as approved by the Board in conjunction with the 2017 capital plan. Also, in April
In June 2018, we submittedannounced capital plans in response to the Federal Reserve's review of and non-objection to our 2018 capital plan to the Federal Reserve for reviewsubmitted in conjunction with the 2018 CCAR,CCAR. Our 2018 capital plan includes increases in our share repurchase program and quarterly common stock dividend, while maintaining our level of preferred stock dividends. Specifically, the 2018 capital plan authorized the repurchase of up to $2.0 billion of our outstanding common stock to be completed between the third quarter of 2018 and the second quarter of 2019, as well as a 25% increase in our quarterly common stock dividend from $0.40 per share to $0.50 per share, beginning in the third quarter of 2018.
During the third quarter of 2018, we anticipate receiving feedbackrepurchased $500 million of our outstanding common stock at market value as part of this 2018 capital plan. We will repurchase a minimum of $500 million of our outstanding common stock in June 2018 regarding this submission. the fourth quarter of 2018.
See Item 5 and Note 13, "Capital," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as Part II, Item 2 in this Form 10-Q for additional information regarding our capital actions.
In March 2018, we used net proceeds from our November 2017 Series H Preferred Stock issuance to redeem all 4,500 shares of our outstanding higher cost Series E Preferred Stock.
Our strong capital position, particularly in the context of our risk profile, combined with additional capital optimization, should allow us to continue to increase capital returns to our shareholders.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
There have been no significant changes to our Critical Accounting Policies asfrom those described in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT
ThereExcept as noted below, there have been no significant changes in our Enterprise Risk Management practices asfrom those described in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
In the second quarter of 2018, we established two additional executive committees:
The Strategic Initiative Review Committee ("SIRC") was formed to further support executive level review of strategic initiatives. The SIRC is chaired by the Chief Risk Officer and is responsible for identifying constraints to business accelerations, challenging assumptions or execution strategies, and validating alignment with our purpose, risk appetite, and strategic direction.
The Technology Management Committee ("TMC") was formed to provide the Executive Council, comprised of the CEO and his direct reports, with a forum to discuss, debate, and challenge technology strategies and investments to ensure alignment of technology strategy execution across the Executive Council. The TMC is chaired by the Chief Information Officer.

Credit Risk Management
There have been no significant changes in our Credit Risk Management practices asfrom those described in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Operational Risk Management
There have been no significant changes in our Operational Risk Management practices asfrom those described in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.


Market Risk Management
Market risk refers to potential losses arising fromThere have been no significant changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices, commodity prices, and other relevant market rates or prices. Interest rate risk, defined as the exposure of net interest income and MVE to changes in interest rates, is our primary market risk and mainly arisesMarket Risk Management practices from changes in the structure and composition of our balance sheet. Variable rate loans, prior to any hedging related actions, were approximately 58% of total loans at March 31, 2018, and after giving consideration to hedging related actions, were approximately 49% of total loans. Approximately 5% of our variable rate loans at March 31, 2018 had coupon rates that were equal to a contractually specified interest rate floor. In addition to interest rate risk, we are also exposed to market riskthose described in our trading instruments measured at fair value. Our ALCO meets regularly and is responsible for reviewing our ALM and liquidity risk position2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, other than those already discussed in conformance with the established policies and limits designed to measure, monitor, and control market risk.this section.

Market Risk from Non-Trading Activities
The primary goal of interest rate risk management is to control exposure to interest rate risk within policy limits approved by the Board. These limits reflect our appetite for interest rate risk over both short-term and long-term horizons. No limit breaches occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2018.
The major sources of our non-trading interest rate risk are timing differences in the maturity and repricing characteristics of assets and liabilities, changes in the absolute level and shape of the yield curve, as well as the embedded optionality in our products and related customer behavior. We measure these risks and their impact by identifying and quantifying exposures through the use of sophisticated simulation and valuation models, which, as described in additional detail below, are employed by management to understand net interest income sensitivity and MVE sensitivity. These measures show that our interest rate risk profile is modestly asset sensitive at March 31, 2018.
MVE and net interest income sensitivity are complementary interest rate risk metrics and should be viewed together. Net interest income sensitivity captures asset and liability repricing differences for one year and is considered a shorter term measure. MVE sensitivity captures the change in the discounted net present value of all on- and off-balance sheet items and is considered a longer term measure.
Positive net interest income sensitivity in a rising rate environment indicates that over the forecast horizon of one year, asset based interest income will increase more quickly than liability based interest expense. A negative MVE sensitivity in
a rising rate environment indicates that the value of financial assets will decrease more than the value of financial liabilities.
One of the primary methods that we use to quantify and manage interest rate risk is simulation analysis, which we use to model net interest income from assets, liabilities, and derivative positions under various interest rate scenarios and balance sheet structures. We measure the sensitivity of net interest income over a one-year time horizon, as reflected in Table 11, as well as for multi-year time horizons. Key assumptions in this form of simulation analysis (and in the valuation analysis discussed below) relate to the behavior of interest rates and spreads, the changes in product balances, and the behavior of loan and deposit clients in different rate environments. This analysis incorporates several assumptions, the most significant of which relate to the repricing and behavioral fluctuations of deposits with indeterminate or non-contractual maturities.
As the future path of interest rates is not known, we use a simulation analysis to project net interest income under various and potentially extreme scenarios. These scenarios may include rapid and gradual ramping of interest rates, rate shocks, basis risk analysis, and yield curve twists. Specific strategies are also analyzed to determine their impact on net interest income levels and sensitivities.
The sensitivity analysis presented in Table 1112 is measured as a percentage change in net interest income due to instantaneous moves in benchmark interest rates. Estimated changes below are dependent upon material assumptions such as those previously discussed.described in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Net Interest Income Asset SensitivityNet Interest Income Asset SensitivityTable 11Net Interest Income Asset SensitivityTable 12
  
Estimated % Change in
Net Interest Income Over 12 Months 1
Estimated % Change in
Net Interest Income Over 12 Months 1
March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Rate Change  
+200 bps3.1% 2.4%2.0% 2.4%
+100 bps1.7% 1.4%1.1% 1.4%
-50 bps(1.1)% (1.0)%(0.8)% (1.0)%
1 Estimated % change of net interest income is reflected on a non-FTE basis.

Net interest income asset sensitivity at March 31,September 30, 2018 increaseddecreased compared to December 31, 2017, driven primarily by changes in the composition of our balance sheet and a reduction in our active notional balance of receive-fixed, pay-variable commercial loan swaps.funding profile. See additional discussion related to net interest income in the "Net Interest Income/Margin" section of this MD&A.
We also perform valuation analyses, which we use for discerning levels of risk present in the balance sheet and derivative positions that might not be taken into account in the net interest income simulation horizon. Whereas a net interest income simulation highlights exposures over a relatively short time horizon, our valuation analysis incorporates all cash flows over the estimated remaining life of all balance sheet and derivative positions.
The valuation of the balance sheet, at a point in time, is defined as the discounted present value of asset and derivative cash flows minus the discounted present value of liability cash flows, the net of which is referred to as MVE. The sensitivity of

MVE to changes in the level of interest rates is a measure of the longer-term repricing risk and embedded optionality in the balance sheet. Similar to the net interest income simulation, MVE uses instantaneous changes in rates. However, MVE values only the current balance sheet and does not incorporate originations of new/replacement business or balance sheet growth that may be used in the net interest income simulation model. As with the net interest income simulation model, assumptions about the timing and variability of balance sheet cash flows are critical in the MVE analysis. Significant MVE assumptions include those that drive prepayment speeds, expected changes in balances, and pricing of the indeterminate deposit portfolios.
At March 31,September 30, 2018, the MVE profile in Table 1213 indicates a decline in net balance sheet value due to instantaneous upward changes in rates. This MVE sensitivity is reported for both upward and downward rate shocks. 
Market Value of Equity SensitivityMarket Value of Equity SensitivityTable 12Market Value of Equity SensitivityTable 13
  
Estimated % Change in MVEEstimated % Change in MVE
March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017
Rate Change  
+200 bps(7.3)% (7.6)%(7.5)% (7.6)%
+100 bps(3.3)% (3.3)%(3.5)% (3.3)%
-50 bps1.1% 0.8%1.3% 0.8%
The changes in MVE sensitivity for downward rate shocks at March 31,September 30, 2018 increased compared to December 31, 2017, were due to changes in the compositiondriven primarily by higher absolute levels of our balance sheet as well as changes in market interest rates. While an instantaneous and severe shift in interest rates was used in this analysis to provide an estimate of exposure under these rate scenarios, we believe that a gradual shift in interest rates would have a much more modest impact.
Since MVE measures the discounted present value of cash flows over the estimated lives of instruments, the change in MVE does not directly correlate to the degree that earnings would be impacted over a shorter time horizon (i.e., the current year). Furthermore, MVE does not take into account factors such as future balance sheet growth, changes in product mix, changes in yield curve relationships, and changing product spreads that could mitigate the impact of changes in interest rates. The net interest income simulation and valuation analyses do not include
actions that management may undertake to manage this risk in response to anticipated changes in interest rates.

Market Risk from Trading Activities
We manage market risk associated with trading activities using a comprehensive risk management approach, which includes VAR metrics, stress testing, and sensitivity analyses. Risk metrics are measured and monitored on a daily basis at both the trading desk and at the aggregate portfolio level to ensure exposures are in line with our risk appetite. Our risk measurement for covered positions subject to the Market Risk Rule takes into account trading exposures resulting from interest rate risk, equity risk, foreign exchange rate risk, credit spread risk, and commodity price risk.
For trading portfolios, VAR measures the estimated maximum loss from one or more trading positions, given a
specified confidence level and time horizon. VAR results are monitored daily against established limits. For risk management purposes, our VAR calculation is based on a historical simulation and measures the potential trading losses using a one-day holding period at a one-tail, 99% confidence level. This means that, on average, trading losses could exceed VAR one out of 100 trading days or two to three times per year. Due to inherent limitations of the VAR methodology, such as the assumption that past market behavior is indicative of future market performance, VAR is only one of several tools used to manage market risk. Other tools used to actively manage market risk include scenario analysis, stress testing, profit and loss attribution, and stop loss limits.
In addition to VAR, as required by the Market Risk Rule issued by the U.S. banking regulators, we calculate Stressed VAR, which is used as a component of the total market risk capital charge. We calculate the Stressed VAR risk measure using a ten-day holding period at a one-tail, 99% confidence level and employ a historical simulation approach based on a continuous twelve-month historical window selected to reflect a period of significant financial stress for our trading portfolio. The historical period used in the selection of the stress window encompasses all recent financial crises. Our Stressed VAR calculation uses the same methodology and models as VAR, which is a requirement under the Market Risk Rule. Table 1314 presents VAR and Stressed VAR for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, as well as VAR by Risk Factor at March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017.
Value at Risk ProfileTable 13 Value at Risk Profile   Table 14 
          
Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017
VAR (1-day holding period):   VAR (1-day holding period):      
Period end
$2
 
$2

$2
 
$2
 
$2
 
$2
High2
 3
2
 3
 3
 3
Low1
 2
1
 1
 1
 1
Average2
 2
2
 2
 2
 2
Stressed VAR (10-day holding period):
Period end
$68
 
$43

$60
 
$69
 
$60
 
$69
High85
 54
81
 100
 103
 100
Low25
 22
25
 44
 25
 22
Average49
 35
55
 65
 61
 53
VAR by Risk Factor at period end (1-day holding period):
Equity risk
$2
 
$1
    
$2
 
$1
Interest rate risk1
 2
    1
 1
Credit spread risk3
 3
    2
 3
VAR total at period end (1-day diversified)2
 2
VAR total at period end (1-day diversified) 2
 2
The trading portfolio, measured in terms of VAR, is predominantly comprised of four sub-portfolios of covered positions: (i) credit trading, (ii) fixed income securities, (iii) interest rate derivatives, and (iv) equity derivatives. The trading portfolio also contains other sub-portfolios, including foreign exchange rate and commodity derivatives; however, these trading risk exposures are not material. Our covered positions result primarily from underwriting and market making services for our clients, as well as associated risk mitigating hedging activity. The trading portfolio's VAR profile, presented in Table 13,14, is influenced by a variety of factors, including the size and composition of the portfolio, market volatility, and the

correlation between different positions. Notwithstanding some changesnormal quarterly variations in the VAR associated with individual risk factors, within the underlying trading sub-portfolios, average daily VAR as well as period end VAR for the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 remained largely unchanged compared to the same periodperiods in 2017. Average Stressed VAR as well as period end Stressed VAR increased forremained within historic ranges throughout the threefirst nine months ended March 31,of 2018, compared to the same periodreflecting typical fluctuations in 2017. These increases in Stressed VAR were driven by higherportfolio composition and balance sheet usage in our credit trading portfolio, as well as higher stressed exposures associated with our equity derivatives portfolio. Nonetheless, our Stressed VAR levels remain within historical ranges.usage. The trading portfolio of covered positions did not contain any correlation trading positions or on- or off-balance sheet securitization positions during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 or 2017.
In accordance with the Market Risk Rule, we evaluate the accuracy of our VAR model through daily backtesting by
comparing aggregate daily trading gains and losses (excluding fees, commissions, reserves, net interest income, and intraday trading) from covered positions with the corresponding daily VAR-based measures generated by the model. As illustrated in the following graph, for the twelve months ended March 31, 2018, there were no firmwide VAR backtesting exceptions during this period.the twelve months ended September 30, 2018. The total number of VAR backtesting exceptions over the preceding twelve months is used to determine the multiplication factor for the VAR-based capital requirement under the Market Risk Rule. The capital multiplication factor increases from a minimum of three to a maximum of four, depending on the number of exceptions. There was no change in the capital multiplication factor over the preceding twelve months.


vara09.jpgvara15.jpg

We have valuation policies, procedures, and methodologies for all covered positions. Additionally, trading positions are reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP and are subject to independent price verification. See Note 15, "Derivative Financial Instruments," and Note 16, "Fair Value Election and Measurement," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q, as well as the "Critical Accounting Policies" MD&A section of our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K for discussion of valuation policies, procedures, and methodologies.

Model risk management: Our approach regarding the validation and evaluation of the accuracy of our internal models, external models, and associated processes, includes developmental and implementation testing as well as ongoing monitoring and
maintenance performed by the various model developers, in conjunction with model owners. Our MRMG is responsible for the independent model validation of all trading risk models. The validation typically includes evaluation of all model documentation as well as model monitoring and maintenance plans. We regularly review the performance of all trading risk models through our model monitoring and maintenance process to preemptively address emerging developments in financial markets, assess evolving modeling approaches, and to identify potential model enhancement.
Stress testing: We use a comprehensive range of stress testing techniques to help monitor risks across trading desks and to augment standard daily VAR and other risk limits reporting. The stress testing framework is designed to quantify the impact of

extreme, but plausible, stress scenarios that could lead to large unexpected losses. Our stress tests include historical repeats and simulations using hypothetical risk factor shocks. All trading positions within each applicable market risk category (interest rate risk, equity risk, foreign exchange rate risk, credit spread risk, and commodity price risk) are included in our comprehensive stress testing framework. We review stress testing scenarios on an ongoing basis and make updates as necessary to ensure that both current and emerging risks are captured appropriately.
Trading portfolio capital adequacy: We assess capital adequacy on a regular basis, which is based on estimates of our risk profile and capital positions under baseline and stressed scenarios. Scenarios consider significant risks, including credit risk, market risk, and operational risk. Our assessment of capital adequacy arising from market risk includes a review of risk arising from material portfolios of covered positions. See the “Capital Resources” section in this MD&A for additional discussion of capital adequacy.

Liquidity Risk Management
Liquidity risk is the risk of being unable, at a reasonable cost, to meet financial obligations as they come due. We manage liquidity risk consistent with our ER management practices in order to mitigate our three primary liquidity risks: (i) structural liquidity risk, (ii) market liquidity risk, and (iii) contingency liquidity risk. Structural liquidity risk arises from our maturity transformation activities and balance sheet structure, which may create differences in the timing of cash inflows and outflows. Market liquidity risk, which we also describe as refinancing or refunding risk, constitutes the risk that we could lose access to the financial markets or the cost of such access may rise to undesirable levels. Contingency liquidity risk arises from rare and severely adverse liquidity events; these events may be idiosyncratic or systemic, or a combination thereof.
We mitigate these risks utilizing a variety of tested liquidity management techniques in keeping with regulatory guidance and industry best practices. For example, we mitigate structural liquidity risk by structuring our balance sheet prudently so that we fund less liquid assets, such as loans, with stable funding sources, such as consumer and commercial deposits, long-term debt, and capital. We mitigate market liquidity risk by maintaining diverse borrowing resources to fund projected cash needs and structuring our liabilities to avoid maturity concentrations. We test contingency liquidity risk from a range of potential adverse circumstances in our contingency funding scenarios. These scenarios inform the amount of contingency liquidity sources we maintain as a liquidity buffer to ensure we can meet our obligations in a timely manner under adverse contingency liquidity events.
Governance. We maintain a comprehensive liquidity risk governance structure in keeping with regulatory guidance and industry best practices. Our Board, through the BRC, oversees liquidity risk management and establishes our liquidity risk appetite via a set of cascading risk limits. The BRC reviews and approves risk policies to establish these limits and regularly reviews reports prepared by senior management to monitor compliance with these policies. The Board charges the CEO with
determining corporate strategies in accordance with its risk appetite and the CEO is a member of our ALCO, which is the executive level committee with oversight of liquidity risk management. The ALCO regularly monitors our liquidity and compliance with liquidity risk limits, and also reviews and approves liquidity management strategies and tactics.
Management and Reporting Framework. Corporate Treasury, under the oversight of the ALCO, is responsible for managing consolidated liquidity risks we encounter in the course of our business. In so doing, Corporate Treasury develops and implements short-term and long-term liquidity management strategies, funding plans, and liquidity stress tests, and also monitors early warning indicators; all of which assist in identifying, measuring, monitoring, reporting, and managing our liquidity risks. Corporate Treasury primarily monitors and manages liquidity risk at the Parent Company and Bank levels as the non-bank subsidiaries are relatively small and ultimately rely upon the Parent Company as a source of liquidity in adverse environments. However, Corporate Treasury also monitors liquidity developments of, and maintains a regular dialogue with, our other legal entities.
MRM conducts independent oversight and governance of liquidity risk management activities. For example, MRM works with Corporate Treasury to ensure our liquidity risk management practices conform to applicable laws and regulations and evaluates key assumptions incorporated in our contingency funding scenarios.
Further, the internal audit function performs the risk assurance role for liquidity risk management. Internal audit conducts an independent assessment of the adequacy of internal controls, including procedural documentation, approval processes, reconciliations, and other mechanisms employed by liquidity risk management and MRM to ensure that liquidity risk is consistent with applicable policies, procedures, laws, and regulations.
LCR requirements under Regulation WW require large U.S. banking organizations to hold unencumbered high-quality liquid assets sufficient to withstand projected 30-day total net cash outflows, each as defined under the LCR rule. At March 31,September 30, 2018, our LCR calculated pursuant to the rule was above the 100% minimum regulatory requirement.
On December 19, 2016, the FRB published a final rule implementing public disclosure requirements for BHCs subject to the LCR that will require them to publicly disclose quantitative and qualitative information regarding their respective LCR calculations on a quarterly basis. We will be required to begin disclosing elements under this final rule for quarterly periods ending after October 1, 2018.
On May 3, 2016, the FRB, OCC, and the FDIC issued a joint proposed rule to implement the NSFR. The proposal would require large U.S. banking organizations to maintain a stable funding profile over a one-year horizon. The FRB proposed a modified NSFR requirement for BHCs with greater than $50 billion but less than $250 billion in total consolidated assets, and less than $10 billion in total on balance sheet foreign exposure. The proposed NSFR requirement seeks to (i) reduce
vulnerability to liquidity risk in financial institution funding structures and (ii) promote improved standardization in the measurement, management and disclosure of liquidity risk. The

proposed rule contains an implementation date of January 1, 2018; however, a final rule has not yet been issued.
Uses of Funds. Our primary uses of funds include the extension of loans and credit, the purchase of investment securities, working capital, and debt and capital service. The Bank borrows from the money markets using instruments such as Fed Funds, Eurodollars, and securities sold under agreements to repurchase. At March 31,September 30, 2018, the Bank retained a material cash position in its Federal Reserve account. The Parent Company also retained a material cash position in its account with the Bank in accordance with our policies and risk limits, discussed in greater detail below.
Sources of Funds. Our primary source of funds is a large, stable deposit base. Core deposits, predominantly made up of consumer and commercial deposits originated primarily from our retail branch network and Wholesale client base, are our largest and most cost-effective source of funding. Total deposits increaseddecreased to $162.4$160.4 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018, from $160.8 billion at December 31, 2017.
We also maintain access to diversified sources for both secured and unsecured wholesale funding. These uncommitted sources include Fed Funds purchased from other banks, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, FHLB advances, and Global Bank Notes. Aggregate borrowings decreasedincreased to $14.3$22.2 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018, from $14.6 billion at December 31, 2017. These additional borrowings include a mix of both secured and unsecured funding and have primarily been used to support loan growth.

As mentioned above, the Bank and Parent Company maintain programs to access the debt capital markets. The Parent Company maintains an SEC shelf registration from which it may issue senior or subordinated notes and various capital securities, such as common or preferred stock. OurIn August 2018, our Board hasapproved a new SEC shelf registration, which authorized the issuance of up to $6.0 billion of such securities, of which $6.0 billion of issuance capacity remained available at September 30, 2018. Under our previous SEC shelf registration, the Board authorized the issuance of up to $5.0 billion of such securities, under the SEC shelf registration, of which $1.7 billion of issuance capacity remained available at both March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. See the “Recent Developments” section below for a discussion ofIn April 2018, the Parent Company's issuance subsequent to March 31, 2018Company issued $850 million of 7-year fixed rate senior notes under thisour previous SEC shelf registration. See the "Capital Resources" section of this MD&A for additional information regarding our stock issuances.
The Bank maintains a Global Bank Note program under which it may issue senior or subordinated debt with various terms. In the first quarter of 2018, we issued $500 million of 5-year fixed rate senior notes and $750 million of 3-year fixed-tofixed-to-floating rate senior notes under this program. In the third quarter of 2018, we issued $500 million of 4-year and $500 million of 6-year fixed-to-floating rate senior notes as well as $300 million of 4-year floating rate senior notes under this program. At March 31,September 30, 2018, the Bank retained $34.2$32.9 billion of remaining capacity to issue notes under the Global Bank Note program. See the “Recent Developments” section below for a description of issuances subsequent to September 30, 2018 under this program.
Our issuance capacity under these Bank and Parent Company programs refers to authorization granted by our Board, which is a formal program capacity and not a commitment to purchase by any investor. Debt and equity securities issued under these programs are designed to appeal primarily to domestic and international institutional investors. Institutional investor demand for these securities depends upon numerous factors, including, but not limited to, our credit ratings, investor perception of financial market conditions, and the health of the banking sector. Therefore, our ability to access these markets in the future could be impaired for either idiosyncratic or systemic reasons.
We assess liquidity needs that may occur in both the normal course of business and during times of unusual, adverse events, considering both on and off-balance sheet arrangements and commitments that may impact liquidity in certain business environments. We have contingency funding scenarios and plans that assess liquidity needs that may arise from certain stress events such as severe economic recessions, financial market disruptions, and credit rating downgrades. In particular, a ratings downgrade could adversely impact the cost and availability of some of our liquid funding sources. Factors that affect our credit ratings include, but are not limited to, the credit risk profile of
our assets, the adequacy of our ALLL, the level and stability of our earnings, the liquidity profile of both the Bank and the Parent Company, the economic environment, and the adequacy of our capital base.
As illustrated in Table 14,15, at March 31,September 30, 2018, S&P has assigned a “Positive” outlook on our credit rating, while both Moody’s and Fitch maintained “Stable” outlooks. Future credit rating downgrades are possible, although not currently anticipated given these “Positive” and “Stable” credit rating outlooks.
Credit Ratings and OutlookTable 1415
 March 31,September 30, 2018
 Moody’s S&P Fitch
SunTrust Banks, Inc.:     
Senior debtBaa1 BBB+ A-
Preferred stockBaa3 BB+ BB
      
SunTrust Bank:     
Long-term depositsA1 A- A
Short-term depositsP-1 A-2 F1
Senior debtBaal A- A-
OutlookStable Positive Stable
Our investment securities portfolio is a use of funds and we manage the portfolio primarily as a store of liquidity that is managed as part of our overall liquidity management and ALM process to optimize income and portfolio value, maintaining the majority of our securities in liquid and high-grade asset classes, such as agency MBS, agency debt, and U.S. Treasury securities; nearly all of these securities qualify as high-quality liquid assets under the U.S. LCR Final Rule. At March 31,September 30, 2018, our securities AFS portfolio contained $27.0$27.4 billion of unencumbered high-quality, liquid securities at market value.
As mentioned above, we evaluate contingency funding scenarios to anticipate and manage the likely impact of impaired capital markets access and other adverse liquidity circumstances. Our contingency plans also provide for continuous monitoring of net borrowed funds dependence and available sources of contingency liquidity. These contingency liquidity sources include available cash reserves, the ability to sell, pledge, or borrow against unencumbered securities in our investment portfolio, the capacity to borrow from the FHLB system or the Federal Reserve discount window, and the ability to sell or securitize certain loan portfolios. Table 1516 presents period end and average balances of our contingency liquidity sources for the firstthird quarters of 2018 and 2017. These sources exceed our contingency liquidity needs as measured in our contingency funding scenarios.

Contingency Liquidity SourcesContingency Liquidity Sources     Table 15
Contingency Liquidity Sources     Table 16
        
As of Average for the Three Months Ended ¹ As of Average for the Three Months Ended ¹ 
(Dollars in billions)March 31, 2018 March 31, 2017 March 31, 2018 March 31, 2017September 30, 2018 September 30, 2017 September 30, 2018 September 30, 2017
Excess reserves
$3.6
 
$4.7
 
$3.0
 
$3.3

$3.8
 
$4.5
 
$2.4
 
$2.8
Free and liquid investment portfolio securities27.0
 26.9
 27.3
 27.4
27.4
 27.4
 27.4
 27.8
Unused FHLB borrowing capacity25.5
 22.4
 23.9
 20.7
24.2
 24.5
 25.3
 23.2
Unused discount window borrowing capacity17.6
 17.0
 18.0
 17.2
19.8
 17.8
 19.4
 17.8
Total
$73.7
 
$71.0
 
$72.2
 
$68.6

$75.2
 
$74.2
 
$74.5
 
$71.6
1 Average based upon month-end data, except excess reserves, which is based upon a daily average.

Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Stock. We previously acquired capital stock in the FHLB of Atlanta as a precondition for becoming a member of that institution. As a member, we are able to take advantage of competitively priced advances as a wholesale funding source and to access grants and low-cost loans for affordable housing and community development projects, among other benefits. At both March 31,September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, we held a total of $15$142 million of capital stock in the FHLB of Atlanta.Atlanta, an increase of $127 million compared to December 31, 2017 due to an increase in short-term FHLB advances over the same period. For botheach of the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, we recognized an immaterial amount of dividends related to FHLB capital stock.
Similarly, to remain a member of the Federal Reserve System, we are required to hold a certain amount of capital stock, determined as either a percentage of the Bank’s capital or as a percentage of total deposit liabilities. At both March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we held $403 million of Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta stock. For both the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, we recognized an immaterial amount of dividends related to Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta stock. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we recognized dividends related to Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta stock of $9 million and $7 million, respectively.

Parent Company Liquidity. Our primary measure of Parent Company liquidity is the length of time the Parent Company can meet its existing and forecasted obligations using its cash resources. We measure and manage this metric using forecasts from both normal and adverse conditions. Under adverse conditions, we measure how long the Parent Company can meet its capital and debt service obligations after experiencing material attrition of short-term unsecured funding and without the support of dividends from the Bank or access to the capital markets. In accordance with these risk limits established by ALCO and the Board, we manage the Parent Company’s liquidity by structuring its net maturity schedule to minimize the amount of debt maturing within a short period of time. A majority of the Parent Company’s liabilities are long-term in nature, coming from the proceeds of issuances of our capital securities and long-term senior and subordinated notes. See the “Borrowings” section of this MD&A, as well as Note 11, “Borrowings and Contractual Commitments,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information regarding our debt.
We manage the Parent Company to maintain most of its liquid assets in cash and securities that it can quickly convert into cash. Unlike the Bank, it is not typical for the Parent Company to maintain a material investment portfolio of publicly traded securities. We manage the Parent Company cash balance
to provide sufficient liquidity to fund all forecasted obligations (primarily debt and capital service) for an extended period of months in accordance with our risk limits.
The primary uses of Parent Company liquidity include debt service, dividends on capital instruments, the periodic purchase of investment securities, loans to our subsidiaries, and common share repurchases. See further details of the authorized common share repurchases in the “Capital Resources” section of this MD&A and in Part II, Item 2, “Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds” in this Form 10-Q. We fund corporate dividends with Parent Company cash, the primary sources of which are dividends from our banking subsidiary and proceeds from the issuance of debt and
capital securities. We are subject to both state and federal banking regulations that limit our ability to pay common stock dividends in certain circumstances.

Recent Developments. In October 2018, the second quarter of 2018, weBank issued $850$500 million of 7-year fixed rate senior notes, that pay a fixed annual coupon$600 million of 3-year fixed-to-floating rate senior notes, and $300 million of 4.00%3-year floating rate senior notes under our Parent Company SEC shelf registration. We may callGlobal Bank Note program. Similar to our debt issuances in the first nine months of 2018, these notes at any time or from time to time prior to March 1, 2025 under a "make-whole" provision, and they mature on May 1, 2025. This issuanceissuances allowed us to supplement our funding sources at a favorable borrowing rate and increase Parent Company liquidity.pay down other borrowings. See Table 10 in “Borrowings” for additional details regarding debt issuances we completed subsequent to September 30, 2018.
Other Liquidity Considerations. As presented in Table 16,17, we had an aggregate potential obligation of $89.8$92.5 billion to our clients in unused lines of credit at March 31,September 30, 2018. Commitments to extend credit are arrangements to lend to clients who have complied with predetermined contractual obligations. We also had $2.6$3.2 billion in letters of credit outstanding at March 31,September 30, 2018, most of which are standby letters of credit, which require that we provide funding if certain future events occur. Approximately $229$196 million of these letters supportedwere available to support variable rate demand obligations at March 31,September 30, 2018. Unused commercial lines of credit increased since December 31, 2017, driven by increased production, offset slightly by a decreasean increase in overall utilization rates.commercial line of credit commitments during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Residential mortgage commitments also increased since December 31, 2017, due primarily to higherdriven by the increase in IRLC volume outpacing the increase in closed loan volume during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018. Additionally, unused CRE lines of credit decreasedincreased since December 31, 2017, driven primarily by increased utilizationan increase in CRE line of existing CRE lines of credit.credit commitments during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.


Unfunded Lending CommitmentsUnfunded Lending Commitments     Table 16
Unfunded Lending Commitments     Table 17
As of Average for the Three Months EndedAs of Average for��the Three Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 March 31, 2018 March 31, 2017September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 September 30, 2018 September 30, 2017
Unused lines of credit:              
Commercial
$61,819
 
$59,625
 
$60,722
 
$58,365

$63,400
 
$59,625
 
$62,728
 
$57,807
Residential mortgage commitments 1
3,378
 3,036
 3,207
 4,415
3,777
 3,036
 3,810
 4,268
Home equity lines10,173
 10,086
 10,130
 10,345
10,200
 10,086
 10,165
 10,159
CRE 2
3,887
 4,139
 4,013
 4,484
4,534
 4,139
 4,263
 3,953
Credit card10,582
 10,533
 10,557
 9,942
10,601
 10,533
 10,602
 10,338
Total unused lines of credit
$89,839
 
$87,419
 
$88,629
 
$87,551

$92,512
 
$87,419
 
$91,568
 
$86,525
              
Letters of credit:              
Financial standby
$2,427
 
$2,453
 
$2,440
 
$2,720

$3,041
 
$2,453
 
$2,912
 
$2,722
Performance standby120
 125
 122
 130
101
 125
 101
 121
Commercial15
 14
 15
 14
37
 14
 34
 14
Total letters of credit
$2,562
 
$2,592
 
$2,577
 
$2,864

$3,179
 
$2,592
 
$3,047
 
$2,857
1 Includes residential mortgage IRLCs with notional balances of $1.8$1.6 billion and $1.7 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
2 Includes commercial mortgage IRLCs and other commitments with notional balances of $193$262 million and $240 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
Other Market Risk
Except as discussed below, there have been no other significant changes to other market risk as described in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We measure our residential MSRs at fair value on a recurring basis and hedge the risk associated with changes in fair value. Residential MSRs totaled $1.9$2.1 billion and $1.7 billion at March 31,September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and are managed and monitored as part of a comprehensive risk governance process, which includes established risk limits.
We originated residential MSRs with fair values at the time of origination of $76$100 million and $96$250 million during the first quarter ofthree and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and $90 million and $252 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. Additionally, we purchased residential MSRs with a fair value of approximately $74$14 million and $89 million during the first quarter of 2018.three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. No residential MSRs were purchased during the first quarter ofthree and nine months ended September 30, 2017.
We recognized a mark-to-market increasedecrease in the fair value of theour residential MSR portfolioMSRs of $56$10 million and a decreasean increase of $23$15 million during the first quarterthree and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and decreases of 2018$70 million and $195 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. Changes in fair value include the decay resulting from the realization of monthly net servicing cash flows. We recognized net losses related to residential MSRs, inclusive of fair value changes and related hedges, of $53$64 million and $43$184 million duringfor the first quarter ofthree and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and $54 million and $153 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. Compared to the prior year quarter,periods, the increase in net losses related to residential MSRs was primarily driven by higher decay combined with a decrease inlower net hedge performance in the current period.periods. Higher decay was driven by an increase in residential MSR asset value as well as an increase in the size of the servicing portfolio, offset partially
by a decrease in payoff volume. All other servicing rights, which include commercial mortgage and consumer indirect loan servicing rights, are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis, and therefore, are not subject to the same market risks associated with residential MSRs.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
In the ordinary course of business we engage in certain activities that are not reflected in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, generally referred to as "off-balance sheet arrangements." These activities involve transactions with unconsolidated VIEs as well as other arrangements, such as commitments and guarantees, to meet the financing needs of our clients and to support ongoing operations. Additional information regarding these types of activities is included in the "Liquidity Risk Management" section of this MD&A, Note 10, "Certain Transfers of Financial Assets and Variable Interest Entities"Entities," and Note 14, "Guarantees," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q, as well as in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Contractual Obligations
In the normal course of business, we enter into certain contractual obligations, including obligations to make future payments on our borrowings, partnership investments, and lease arrangements, as well as commitments to lend to clients and to fund capital expenditures and service contracts.
Except for changes in unfunded lending commitments (presented in Table 1617 within the "Liquidity Risk Management"
section of this MD&A), borrowings (presented in the "Borrowings" section of this MD&A), and pension and other postretirement benefit plans (disclosed in Note 13, "Employee Benefit Plans," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q), there have been no material changes in our contractual obligations from those disclosed in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.




BUSINESS SEGMENTS
See Note 18, "Business Segment Reporting," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for a description of our business segments, basis of presentation, internal management
 
reporting methodologies, and additional information. Table 1718 presents net income for our reportable business segments:

Net Income by Business Segment  Table 17
      Table 18
          
Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in millions)2018 
  2017 1
2018 
  2017 1, 2
 2018 
  2017 1, 2
Consumer
$295
 
$178

$381
 
$264
 
$1,081
 
$698
Wholesale390
 283
372
 341
 1,120
 917
          
Corporate Other(3) 57
50
 (17) 49
 60
Reconciling Items 2
(39) (50)
Reconciling Items 3
(51) (50) (133) (142)
Total Corporate Other(42) 7
(1) (67) (84) (82)
Consolidated Net Income
$643
 
$468

$752
 
$538
 
$2,117
 
$1,533
1
During the second quarter of 2018, certain business banking clients were transferred from the Wholesale business segment to the Consumer business segment. For all periods prior to the second quarter of 2018, the corresponding financial results have been transferred to the Consumer business segment for comparability purposes.
2
During the fourth quarter of 2017, we sold PAC, the results of which were previously reported within the Wholesale business segment. For all periods prior to January 1, 2018, PAC's financial results, including the gain on sale, have been transferred to Corporate Other for enhanced comparability of the Wholesale business segment excluding PAC.
3
Reflects differences between net income reported for each business segment using management accounting practices and U.S. GAAP. Prior period information has been restated to reflect changes in internal reporting methodology. See additional information in Note 18, "Business Segment Reporting," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.
1 During the fourth quarter of 2017, we sold PAC, the results of which were previously reported within the Wholesale business segment. For all periods prior to January 1, 2018, PAC's financial results, including the gain on sale, have been transferred to Corporate Other for enhanced comparability of the Wholesale business segment excluding PAC.
2 Reflects differences between net income reported for each business segment using management accounting practices and U.S. GAAP. Prior period information has been restated to reflect changes in internal reporting methodology. See additional information in Note 18, "Business Segment Reporting," to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.


Table 1819 presents average LHFI and average deposits for our reportable business segments:
Average LHFI and Deposits by Business SegmentAverage LHFI and Deposits by Business Segment   Table 18
Average LHFI and Deposits by Business Segment     Table 19
 
Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30
Average LHFI Average Consumer
and Commercial Deposits
Average LHFI Average Consumer
and Commercial Deposits
(Dollars in millions)2018 
  2017 1
 2018 
  2017 1
2018 
  2017 1, 2
 2018 
  2017 1, 2
Consumer
$74,093
 
$71,147
 
$103,099
 
$101,941

$75,414
 
$74,742
 
$111,930
 
$109,774
Wholesale68,741
 71,237
 56,050
 56,866
70,485
 68,568
 47,773
 49,515
Corporate Other86
 1,286
 20
 67
96
 1,396
 (355) 130

 Nine Months Ended September 30
 Average LHFI Average Consumer
and Commercial Deposits
(Dollars in millions)2018 
  2017 1, 2
 2018 
  2017 1, 2
Consumer
$75,122
 
$73,613
 
$111,025
 
$109,301
Wholesale69,155
 69,303
 48,259
 49,724
Corporate Other91
 1,360
 (125) 120
1
During the second quarter of 2018, certain business banking clients were transferred from the Wholesale business segment to the Consumer business segment. For all periods prior to the second quarter of 2018, the corresponding financial results have been transferred to the Consumer business segment for comparability purposes.
2
During the fourth quarter of 2017, we sold PAC, the assets and liabilities of which were previously reported within the Wholesale business segment. For all periods prior to January 1, 2018, PAC's assets and liabilities, including loans and deposits, have been transferred to Corporate Other for enhanced comparability of the Wholesale business segment excluding PAC.



BUSINESS SEGMENT RESULTS
ThreeNine Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2018 versus ThreeNine Months Ended March 31,September 30, 2017
Consumer
Consumer reported net income of $295 million$1.1 billion for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, an increase of $117$383 million, or 66%55%, compared to the same period in 2017. The increase was driven primarily by higher net interest income and lower provisionprovisions for credit losses noninterest expense, and provision for income taxes, offset partially by lower noninterest income.income and higher noninterest expense.
Net interest income was $961 million,$3.1 billion, an increase of $67$229 million, or 7%8%, compared to the same period in 2017, driven primarily by improved spreads on deposit spreads and LHFI growth.balances. Net interest income related to deposits increased $68$235 million, or 13%14%, driven by ana 25 basis point increase in deposit spreads and a $1.2$1.7 billion, or 1%2%, increase in average deposit balances. Net interest income on earning assets decreased $3related to LHFI increased $8 million, or 1%, driven primarily by lower mortgage LHFS balances. Net interest income related toa $1.5 billion, or 2%, increase in average LHFI increased $4 million, or 1%,balances, offset partially by a three basis point decrease in loan spreads. Consumer loan growth was driven by increases in yieldsresidential mortgages, consumer direct, indirect, and growth across most consumer loan balances.guaranteed student loans, offset partially by declines in home equity products.
Provision for credit losses was $60$101 million, a decrease of $28$209 million, or 32%67%, compared to the same period in 2017. The decrease was driven by lower net charge-offs, and improved credit quality.quality, and the release of hurricane-related ALLL reserves.
Total noninterest income was $443 million,$1.3 billion, a decrease of $21$78 million, or 5%, compared to the same period in 2017. The decrease was driven primarily by lower mortgage production related income and lower client transaction-related fee income (which includes service charges on deposit accounts, other charges and fees, and card fees), offset partially by increases in retail investment services and other noninterest income. The decline in client transaction-related fee income was due primarily to the impact of our adoption of the revenue recognition accounting standard on January 1, 2018 and by a change in our process for recognizing card rewards expenses, which resulted in four months of rewards expenses being recognized in card fee income in the third quarter of 2018.
Total noninterest expense was $966 million, a decrease$3.0 billion, an increase of $26$56 million, or 3%2%, compared to the same period in 2017. The decreaseincrease was driven largelyprimarily by higher outside processing and software costs due to investments in technology and favorable developments with certain legal matters lower branch network-related activities, and lower fraud losses.in the third quarter of 2017, offset partially by revenue recognition accounting impacts in the current period.
Wholesale
Wholesale reported net income of $390 million$1.1 billion for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, an increase of $107$203 million, or 38%22%, compared to the same period in 2017. The increase was due to higher net interest income and lower provision for credit losses, provision for income taxes, and higher net interest income, offset partially by lower noninterest income.income and higher noninterest expense.
Net interest income was $583 million,$1.7 billion, an increase of $22$73 million, or 4%5%, compared to the same period in 2017, driven primarily by improved spreads on both depositsdeposit and equity spreads, offset partially by declines in loan and deposit volume. Net interest income related to deposits increased $32$84 million, or 14%15%, as a
result of improved spreads, offset partially by decreased deposit volumes. Average deposit balances decreased $816 million,$1.5 billion, or 1%3%, as a result of decreases in money market accounts and non-interest-bearing commercial DDAs, offset partially by increases in interest-bearing transaction accountscommercial DDAs and business CD products. Net interest income related to LHFI decreased $19$44 million, or 6%5%, as a result of lower tax exempt loan volume and spreads. Thelease spreads, which were specifically impacted by the 2017 Tax Act specifically impacted tax
exempt loan and lease spreads, accounting for $15 million of the $19 million year-over-year decline in net interest income related to LHFI. Average loans decreased $2.5 billion, or 4%, primarily in C&I loans.. Net interest income related to equity increased $14$40 million, or 31%32%, due to higher equity balances and spreads.
Provision for credit losses was a benefit of $32$19 million, a decrease of $64 millionstable compared to the same period in 2017. The decrease was due to lower loan volumes and continued improvement in overall Wholesale credit quality.
Total noninterest income was $371 million,$1.1 billion, a decrease of $30$45 million, or 7%4%, compared to the same period in 2017. The decrease was driven largely by lower investment banking income, which decreased $36$32 million, or 22%7%, as a result of declines in debt capital markets activitylower syndication and a $10high yield bond fees. The gross-up of tax credits decreased $21 million, or 27%17%, decrease in tax credits driven by the lower effective tax rate for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018. Commercial credit related income was down $10 million, or 4%, as a result of lower bridge commitment fees and service charges, which were down $5 million, or 4%. These decreases were offset partially by a $23$30 million of remeasurement gaingains on an equity investment following our adoption of the recognition and measurement of financial assets accounting standard on January 1, 2018.2018 and a $4 million, or 3%, increase in trading income resulting from higher client-related derivative activity.
Total noninterest expense was $477$1.3 billion, an increase of $23 million, a decrease of $2 millionor 2%, compared to the same period in 2017. The decreaseincrease was due to lower headcount and incentive related compensation and lower functional support expense, offset partially by higher investment banking transaction expenses related to the impact of adoptingour adoption of the revenue recognition accounting standard on January 1, 2018, higher functional support expense, and higher amortization expense associated with STCC tax credit investments.investments, offset partially by lower headcount and incentive related compensation.
Corporate Other
Corporate Other net income was a net loss of $3$49 million for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, a decrease of $60$11 million, or 18%, compared to the same period in 2017. The decrease in net income was due primarily to lower net interest income.
Net interest income was a net expense of $27$118 million, a decrease of $54$149 million compared to the same period in 2017. The decrease was driven by lower commercial loan-related swap income due to higher benchmark interest rates, as well as the sale of PAC in December 2017.rates. Average long-term debt decreased $1.4 billion,remained stable and average short-term borrowings increased $316 million, or 13%15%, driven by balance sheet management activities.
Total noninterest income was $14$50 million, a decrease of $10$9 million, or 42%15%, compared to the same period in 2017. The decrease was duedriven primarily to lower tradingby a decline in capital markets related income, and other noninterest income.which decreased $15 million, or 82%, offset partially by a mark-to-market net gain of $9 million recognized on an equity investment for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Total noninterest expense was a benefit of $21$95 million for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018. The benefit increased $19$129 million compared to the same period in 2017 as a resultdue primarily to higher recoveries of lower internal expense allocations during the current period.


Selected Financial Data and Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures  Table 19
Selected Financial Data and Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures   Table 20
(Dollars in millions and shares in thousands, except per share data)        
Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
Selected Financial Data2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017
Summary of Operations:          
Interest income
$1,668
 
$1,528

$1,834
 
$1,635
 
$5,261
 
$4,747
Interest expense227
 162
322
 205
 821
 548
Net interest income1,441
 1,366
1,512
 1,430
 4,440
 4,199
Provision for credit losses28
 119
61
 120
 121
 330
Net interest income after provision for credit losses1,413
 1,247
1,451
 1,310
 4,319
 3,869
Noninterest income796
 847
782
 846
 2,408
 2,520
Noninterest expense1,417
 1,465
1,384
 1,391
 4,191
 4,243
Income before provision for income taxes792
 629
849
 765
 2,536
 2,146
Provision for income taxes147
 159
95
 225
 412
 606
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest2
 2
2
 2
 7
 7
Net income
$643
 
$468

$752
 
$538
 
$2,117
 
$1,533
Net income available to common shareholders
$612
 
$451

$726
 
$512
 
$2,036
 
$1,468
Net interest income-FTE 1

$1,461
 
$1,400

$1,534
 
$1,467
 
$4,505
 
$4,306
Total revenue2,237
 2,213
2,294
 2,276
 6,848
 6,719
Total revenue-FTE 1
2,257
 2,247
2,316
 2,313
 6,913
 6,826
Net income per average common share:          
Diluted
$1.29
 
$0.91

$1.56
 
$1.06
 
$4.34
 
$3.00
Basic1.31
 0.92
1.58
 1.07
 4.38
 3.04
Dividends declared per common share0.40
 0.26
0.50
 0.40
 1.30
 0.92
Book value per common share47.14
 45.62
    48.00
 47.16
Tangible book value per common share 2
33.97
 33.05
    34.51
 34.34
Market capitalization31,959
 26,860
    30,632
 28,451
Market price per common share:   
Market price per common share (NYSE trading symbol “STI”):       
High
$73.37
 
$61.69

$75.08
 
$60.04
 
$75.08
 
$61.69
Low64.32
 52.71
65.82
 51.96
 64.32
 51.96
Close68.04
 55.30
66.79
 59.77
 66.79
 59.77
Selected Average Balances:          
Total assets
$204,132
 
$204,252

$207,395
 
$205,738
 
$205,370
 
$204,833
Earning assets182,874
 183,606
186,344
 184,861
 184,607
 184,180
LHFI142,920
 143,670
145,995
 144,706
 144,368
 144,276
Intangible assets including residential MSRs8,244
 8,026
8,396
 8,009
 8,332
 8,019
Residential MSRs1,833
 1,604
1,987
 1,589
 1,922
 1,599
Consumer and commercial deposits159,169
 158,874
159,348
 159,419
 159,159
 159,145
Preferred stock2,390
 1,225
2,025
 1,975
 2,145
 1,643
Total shareholders’ equity24,605
 23,671
24,275
 24,573
 24,324
 24,131
Average common shares - diluted473,620
 496,002
464,164
 483,640
 469,006
 489,176
Average common shares - basic468,723
 490,091
460,252
 478,258
 464,804
 483,711
Financial Ratios (Annualized):          
ROA1.28% 0.93%1.44% 1.04% 1.38% 1.00%
ROE11.23
 8.19
13.01
 9.03
 12.33
 8.77
ROTCE 3
15.60
 11.28
18.06
 12.45
 17.14
 12.09
Net interest margin3.20
 3.02
3.22
 3.07
 3.22
 3.05
Net interest margin-FTE 1
3.24
 3.09
3.27
 3.15
 3.26
 3.13
Efficiency ratio 4
63.35
 66.20
60.34
 61.12
 61.20
 63.16
Efficiency ratio-FTE 1, 4
62.77
 65.19
59.76
 60.14
 60.62
 62.17
Tangible efficiency ratio-FTE 1, 4, 5
62.11
 64.60
58.94
 59.21
 59.89
 61.44
Total average shareholders’ equity to total average assets12.05
 11.59
11.71
 11.94
 11.84
 11.78
Tangible common equity to tangible assets 6
8.04
 8.06
    7.72
 8.10
Common dividend payout ratio30.6
 28.3
    31.6
 37.2

Selected Financial Data and Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures (continued)
       
Selected Financial Data (continued)Three Months Ended March 31 Nine Months Ended September 30
Capital Ratios at period end 7:
2018 2017 2018 2017
CET19.84% 9.69% 9.60% 9.62%
Tier 1 capital11.00
 10.40
 10.72
 10.74
Total capital12.90
 12.37
 12.47
 12.69
Leverage9.75
 9.08
 9.66
 9.50

          
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)Three Months Ended March 31Three Months Ended September 30 Nine Months Ended September 30
Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures2018 20172018 2017 2018 2017
Net interest margin3.20 % 3.02 %3.22 % 3.07 % 3.22 % 3.05 %
Impact of FTE adjustment0.04
 0.07
0.05
 0.08
 0.04
 0.08
Net interest margin-FTE 1
3.24 % 3.09 %3.27 % 3.15 % 3.26 % 3.13 %
          
Efficiency ratio 4
63.35 % 66.20 %60.34 % 61.12 % 61.20 % 63.16 %
Impact of FTE adjustment(0.58) (1.01)(0.58) (0.98) (0.58) (0.99)
Efficiency ratio-FTE 1, 4
62.77
 65.19
59.76
 60.14
 60.62
 62.17
Impact of excluding amortization related to intangible assets and certain tax credits(0.66) (0.59)(0.82) (0.93) (0.73) (0.73)
Tangible efficiency ratio-FTE 1, 4, 5
62.11 % 64.60 %58.94 % 59.21 % 59.89 % 61.44 %
          
ROE11.23 % 8.19 %13.01 % 9.03 % 12.33 % 8.77 %
Impact of removing average intangible assets other than residential MSRs and other servicing rights from average common shareholders' equity, and removing related pre-tax amortization expense from net income available to common shareholders4.37
 3.09
5.05
 3.42
 4.81
 3.32
ROTCE 3
15.60% 11.28%18.06% 12.45% 17.14% 12.09%
          
Net interest income
$1,441
 
$1,366

$1,512
 
$1,430
 
$4,440
 
$4,199
FTE adjustment20
 34
22
 37
 65
 107
Net interest income-FTE 1
1,461
 1,400
1,534
 1,467
 4,505
 4,306
Noninterest income796
 847
782
 846
 2,408
 2,520
Total revenue-FTE 1

$2,257
 
$2,247

$2,316
 
$2,313
 
$6,913
 
$6,826
          
          
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)March 31, 2018 March 31, 2017    September 30, 2018 September 30, 2017
Total shareholders’ equity
$24,269
 
$23,484
    
$24,139
 
$24,522
Goodwill, net of deferred taxes 8
(6,172) (6,086)    (6,171) (6,084)
Other intangible assets (including residential MSRs and other servicing rights)(1,996) (1,729)    (2,140) (1,706)
Residential MSRs and other servicing rights1,981
 1,711
    2,126
 1,690
Tangible equity 6
18,082
 17,380
    17,954
 18,422
Noncontrolling interest(101) (101)    (101) (101)
Preferred stock(2,025) (1,225)    (2,025) (1,975)
Tangible common equity 6

$15,956
 
$16,054
    
$15,828
 
$16,346
          
Total assets
$204,885
 
$205,642
    
$211,276
 
$208,252
Goodwill(6,331) (6,338)    (6,331) (6,338)
Other intangible assets (including residential MSRs and other servicing rights)(1,996) (1,729)    (2,140) (1,706)
Residential MSRs and other servicing rights1,981
 1,711
    2,126
 1,690
Tangible assets
$198,539
 
$199,286
    
$204,931
 
$201,898
Tangible common equity to tangible assets 6
8.04 % 8.06 %    7.72 % 8.10 %
Tangible book value per common share 2

$33.97
 
$33.05
    
$34.51
 
$34.34

Selected Financial Data and Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures (continued)
(Dollars in millions)
Reconciliation of PPNR9
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
Income before provision for income taxes
$792
Provision for credit losses28
Less:
Net securities gains1
PPNR
$819
Selected Financial Data and Reconcilement of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures (continued)  
    
(Dollars in millions)   
Reconciliation of PPNR 9
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Income before provision for income taxes
$849
 
$2,536
Provision for credit losses61
 121
Less:   
Net securities gains
 1
PPNR
$910
 
$2,656

1 We present net interest income-FTE, total revenue-FTE, net interest margin-FTE, efficiency ratio-FTE, and tangible efficiency ratio-FTE on a fully taxable-equivalent ("FTE") basis. The FTE basis adjusts for the tax-favored status of net interest income from certain loans and investments using a federal tax rate of 21% for all periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018 and 35% for all periods prior to January 1, 2018, as well as state income taxes, where applicable, to increase tax-exempt interest income to a taxable-equivalent basis. We believe the FTE basis is the preferred industry measurement basis for these measures and that it enhances comparability of net interest income and total revenue arising from taxable and tax-exempt sources. Total revenue-FTE is calculated as net interest income-FTE plus noninterest income. Net interest margin-FTE is calculated by dividing annualized net interest income-FTE by average total earning assets.
2 We present tangible book value per common share, which removes the after-tax impact of purchase accounting intangible assets, noncontrolling interest, and preferred stock from shareholders' equity. We believe this measure is useful to investors because, by removing the amount of intangible assets that result from merger and acquisition activity, and removing the amounts of noncontrolling interest and preferred stock that do not represent our common shareholders' equity, it allows investors to more easily compare our capital position to other companies in the industry.
3 
We present ROTCE, which removes the after-tax impact of purchase accounting intangible assets from average common shareholders' equity and removes the related intangible asset amortization from net income available to common shareholders. We believe this measure is useful to investors because, by removing the amount of intangible assets that result from merger and acquisition activity and related pre-tax amortization expense (the level of which may vary from company to company), it allows investors to more easily compare our ROTCE to other companies in the industry who present a similar measure. We also believe that removing these items provides a more relevant measure of our return on common shareholders' equity. This measure is utilized by management to assess our profitability.
4 Efficiency ratio is computed by dividing noninterest expense by total revenue. Efficiency ratio-FTE is computed by dividing noninterest expense by total revenue-FTE.
5 We present tangible efficiency ratio-FTE, which excludes amortization related to intangible assets and certain tax credits. We believe this measure is useful to investors because, by removing the impact of amortization (the level of which may vary from company to company), it allows investors to more easily compare our efficiency to other companies in the industry. This measure is utilized by management to assess our efficiency and that of our lines of business.
6 We present certain capital information on a tangible basis, including the ratio of tangible common equity to tangible assets, tangible equity, and tangible common equity, which removes the after-tax impact of purchase accounting intangible assets. We believe these measures are useful to investors because, by removing the amount of intangible assets that result from merger and acquisition activity (the level of which may vary from company to company), it allows investors to more easily compare our capital position to other companies in the industry. These measures are utilized by management to analyze capital adequacy.
7 Basel III capital ratios are calculated under the standardized approach using regulatory capital methodology applicable to us for each period presented, includingpresented. Refer to the phase-in"Capital Resources" section of transition provisions.this MD&A for additional regulatory capital information.
8 Net of deferred taxes of $159$160 million and $252$254 million at March 31,September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
9 We present the reconciliation of PPNR because it is a performance metric utilized by management and in certain of our compensation plans. PPNR impacts the level of awards if certain thresholds are met. We believe this measure is useful to investors because it allows investors to compare our PPNR to other companies in the industry who present a similar measure.



Item 3.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
See the “Enterprise Risk Management” section of thein Part I, Item 2, MD&A, in this Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.



Item 4.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company's management conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its CEO and CFO, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) at March 31,September 30, 2018. The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based upon the evaluation, the CEO and CFO
 
concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at March 31,September 30, 2018.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted several new accounting standards and implemented relevant changes to its control activities and processes to monitor and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting. There were no other changes to the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Refer to the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.




PART II - OTHER INFORMATION


Item 1.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company and its subsidiaries are parties to numerous claims and lawsuits arising in the normal course of its business activities, some of which involve claims for substantial amounts. Although the ultimate outcome of these suits cannot be ascertained at this time, it is the opinion of management that none of these matters, when resolved, will have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition. For additional information, see Note 17, “Contingencies,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.


Item 1A.RISK FACTORS
The risks described in this report and in the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known, or that the Company currently deems to be immaterial, also may adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition, or future results. In addition to the other information set forth in this report, factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” in the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K and in Part II, Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” in the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2018, which could materially affect the Company's business, financial condition, or future results, should be carefully considered.
 
Additionally, we update the “Risk Factors” sectionsections contained in the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2018 by replacing the existing risk factors, “Our controls and procedures may not prevent or detect all errors or acts of fraud,” “We are at risk of increased losses from fraud,” andfactor,Our operational and communications systems and infrastructure may fail or may be the subject of a breach or cyber-attack that, if successful, could adversely affect our business and disrupt business continuity,” with the following three risk factors:factor:
Our controls and procedures may not prevent or detect all errors or acts of fraud.
Our controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accurately accumulated and communicated to management, and recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. We believe that any disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met, due to certain inherent limitations. These limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty, that alternative reasoned judgments can be drawn, and that breakdowns can occur because of an error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, whether within or outside of the Company, by collusion of two or more


such people or by an unauthorized override of the controls. Accordingly, because of the inherent limitations in our control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected, which could result in a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting and/or the restatement of previously filed financial statements.

We are at risk of increased losses from fraud.
Criminals committing fraud increasingly are using more sophisticated techniques, and in some cases, are a part of larger criminal rings, which allow them to be more effective.
Fraudulent activity has taken many forms and escalates as more tools for accessing financial services emerge, such as real-time payments. Fraud schemes, including occurrences of employee fraud, information theft, or other malfeasance, are broad and continuously evolving and include such things as debit card/credit card fraud, check fraud, mechanical devices attached to ATM machines, social engineering and phishing attacks to obtain personal information, or impersonation of our clients through the use of falsified or stolen credentials. See the “Executive Overview” section of the MD&A in this Form 10-Q for additional information regarding a theft by a former employee of information from some of our contact lists. Additionally, an individual or business entity may properly identify themselves, yet seek to establish a business relationship for the purpose of perpetrating fraud. An emerging type of fraud even involves the creation of synthetic identification in which fraudsters “create” individuals for the purpose of perpetrating fraud. Further, in addition to fraud committed against us, we may suffer losses as a result of fraudulent activity committed against third parties. Increased deployment of technologies, such as chip card technology, defray and reduce aspects of fraud; however, criminals are turning to other sources to steal personally identifiable information, such as unaffiliated healthcare providers and government entities, in order to impersonate the consumer to commit fraud. Many of these data compromises have been widely reported in the media. Further, as a result of the increased sophistication of fraud activity, we have increased our spending on systems, resources, and controls to detect and prevent fraud, as well as increased spending to provide certain credit monitoring and identity theft protection services to our Consumer clients. This will result in continued ongoing investments in the future.

Our operational and communications systems and infrastructure may fail or may be the subject of a breach or cyber-attack that, if successful, could adversely affect our business and disrupt business continuity.
We depend on our ability to process, record, and monitor a large number of client transactions and to communicate with clients and other institutions on a continuous basis. As client, industry, public, and regulatory expectations regarding operational and information security have increased, our operational systems and infrastructure continue to be safeguarded and monitored for potential failures, disruptions, and breakdowns, whether as a result of events beyond our control or otherwise.
Our business, financial, accounting, data processing, or other operating systems and facilities may stop operating
properly or become disabled or damaged as a result of a number of factors, including events that are wholly or partially beyond our control. For example, there could be sudden increases in client transaction volume; electrical or telecommunications


outages; natural disasters such as earthquakes, tornadoes, floods, and hurricanes; disease pandemics; events arising from local or larger scale political or social matters, including terrorist acts; occurrences of employee error, fraud, theft, or malfeasance; disruptions caused by technology implementation, including hardware deployment and software updates; and, as described below, cyber-attacks.
Although we have business continuity plans and other safeguards in place, our operations and communications may be adversely affected by significant and widespread disruption to our systems and infrastructure that support our businesses and clients. While we continue to evolve and modify our business continuity plans, there can be no assurance in an escalating threat environment that they will be effective in avoiding disruption and business impacts. Our insurance may not be adequate to compensate us for all resulting losses, and the cost to obtain adequate coverage may increase for us or the industry.
Security risks for financial institutions such as ours have dramatically increased in recent years in part because of the proliferation of new technologies, the use of the internet and telecommunications technologies to conduct financial transactions, and the increased sophistication, resources, and activities of hackers, terrorists, activists, industrial spies, insider bad actors, organized crime, and other external parties, including nation state actors. In addition, to access our products and services, clients may use devices or software that are beyond our control environment, which may provide additional avenues for attackers to gain access to confidential information. Although we have information security procedures and controls in place, our technologies, systems, networks, and clients' devices and software may become the target of cyber-attacks, information security breaches, or information theft that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss, change, or destruction of our or our clients' confidential, proprietary and other information (including personal identifying information of individuals), or otherwise disrupt our or our clients' or other third parties' business operations. Other U.S. financial institutions and financial service companies have
reported breaches in the security of their websites or other systems, including attempts to shut down access to their networks and systems in an attempt to extract compensation from them to regain control. Financial institutions, including SunTrust, have experienced distributed denial-of-service attacks, a sophisticated and targeted attack intended to disable or degrade internet service or to sabotage systems.
We and others in our industry are regularly the subject of attempts by attackers to gain unauthorized access to our networks, systems, and data, or to obtain, change, or destroy confidential data (including personal identifying information of individuals) through a variety of means, including computer viruses, malware, and phishing. In the future, theseThese attacks may result in unauthorized individuals obtaining access to our confidential information or that of our clients, or otherwise accessing, damaging, or disrupting our systems or infrastructure.
We are continuously developing and enhancing our controls, processes, and practices designed to protect our systems, computers, software, data, and networks from attack, damage,


or unauthorized access. This continued development and enhancement will require us to expend additional resources, including to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities that may be detected. Despite our ongoing investments in security resources, talent, and business practices, we are unable to assure that any security measures will be effective.
If our systems and infrastructure were to be breached, damaged, or disrupted, or if we were to experience a loss of our
confidential information or that of our clients, we could be subject to serious negative consequences, including disruption of our operations, damage to our reputation, a loss of trust in us on the part of our clients, vendors or other counterparties, client attrition, reimbursement or other costs, increased compliance costs, significant litigation exposure and legal liability, or regulatory fines, penalties or intervention. Any of these could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, our financial condition, and/or our share price.





Item 2.UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
(a) None.
(b) None.
(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities:
    Table 20    Table 21
Common Stock 1
 Common Stock 1, 2
Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share 
Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs
 
Approximate Dollar Value
of Equity that May Yet Be
Purchased Under the Plans
or Programs at Period End
(in millions)
Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share 
Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs
 
Approximate Dollar Value
of Equity that May Yet Be
Purchased Under the Plans
or Programs at Period End
(in millions)
January 1 - 314,550,359
 $68.03 4,550,359
 $3504,550,359
 $68.03 4,550,359
 $350
February 1 - 28287,254
   71.08 287,254
   330287,254
   71.08 287,254
   330
March 1 - 31
  
   330
  
   330
Total during first quarter of 20184,837,613
 $68.22 4,837,613
 $3304,837,613
 68.22 4,837,613
   330
    
April 1 - 304,910,576
   67.20 4,910,576
 
May 1 - 31
  
 
June 1 - 30
  
 
Total during second quarter of 20184,910,576
   67.20 4,910,576
 
    
July 1 - 314,487,600
   69.90 4,487,600
   1,686
August 1 - 312,556,079
   72.88 2,556,079
   1,500
September 1 - 30
  
   1,500
Total during third quarter of 20187,043,679
   70.99 7,043,679
   1,500
    
Total year-to-date 201816,791,868
 $69.08 16,791,868
 $1,500
1 The principal market in which SunTrust common stock is traded is the NYSE (trading symbol “STI”).
2 During the three and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2018, no shares of SunTrust common stock were surrendered by participants in SunTrust's employee stock option plans, where participants may pay the exercise price upon exercise of SunTrust stock options by surrendering shares of SunTrust common stock that the participant already owns. SunTrust considers any such shares surrendered by participants in SunTrust's employee stock option plans to be repurchased pursuant to the authority and terms of the applicable stock option plan rather than pursuant to publicly announced share repurchase programs.

On June 28, 2017,2018, the Company announced that the Federal Reserve had no objections to the repurchase of up to $1.32$2.0 billion of the Company's outstanding common stock to be completed between July 1, 20172018 and June 30, 2018,2019, as part of the Company's 20172018 capital plan submitted in connection with the 20172018 CCAR.
During the firstthird quarter of 2018, the Company repurchased $330$500 million of its outstanding common stock at market value as part of this publicly announced 20172018 capital plan. At March 31,September 30, 2018, the Company had $330 million$1.5 billion of remaining common stock repurchase capacity available under its 20172018 capital plan (reflected in the table above). In April 2018, the Company repurchased an additional $330 million of its common stock at market value, which completed its $1.32 billion of common equity repurchases as approved by the Board in conjunction with the 2017 capital plan.
At March 31,September 30, 2018, a total of 2.2 million387,950 Series A and B warrants to purchase the Company's common stock remained
outstanding. The Series A and B warrants have expiration dates of December 31, 2018 and November 14, 2018, respectively.
As previously announced,
In the first quarter of 2018, the Company redeemed all 4,500 issued and outstanding shares of its Series E Preferred Stock on March 15, 2018 in accordance with the terms of the Series E Preferred Stock. The Company did not repurchase any shares of its Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, Series F Preferred Stock, Series G Preferred Stock, or Series H Preferred Stock during the first quarternine months of 2018, and at September 30, 2018, there was no unused Board authority to repurchase any shares of Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, Series F Preferred Stock, Series G Preferred Stock, or Series H Preferred Stock.
Refer to the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Company's equity securities.



Item 3.DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.


Item 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.


Item 5.OTHER INFORMATION
(a) None.
(b) Effective October 15, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company approved and adopted an amendment and restatement of the Company's Bylaws (as so amended and restated, the "Bylaws") to implement proxy access and make certain other changes. A new Section 4 has been added to Article II of the Bylaws to permit a shareholder, or a group of up to twenty shareholders, owning three percent or more of the Company’s outstanding common stock continuously for at least three years, to nominate and include in the Company’s annual meeting proxy materials director nominees constituting up to the greater of two individuals or twenty percent of the Board, provided that the shareholder(s) and the nominee(s) satisfy the requirements specified in the Bylaws. The proxy access provision will first be available to shareholders in connection with the Company’s 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. The foregoing summary is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the full text of the Bylaws, which are included as Exhibit 3.2 to this Form 10-Q.


Item 6.EXHIBITS
Exhibit Number Description  
3.1 
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, restated effective January 20, 2009, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 22, 2009, as further amended by (i) Articles of Amendment dated December 13, 2012, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 and 4.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 20, 2012, (ii) the Articles of Amendment dated November 6, 2014, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 and 4.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 7, 2014, (iii) the Articles of Amendment dated May 2, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 2, 2017, and (iv) the Articles of Amendment dated November 13, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 14, 2017.

 *
     
 
Bylaws of the Registrant, as amended and restated on August 11, 2015,October 15, 2018, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the registrant's QuarterlyCurrent Report on Form 10-Q8-K filed August 13, 2015.
*
10.1
SunTrust Banks, Inc. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan, incorporated by reference to Appendix B to Registrant's definitive Proxy Statement filed March 9,October 15, 2018.
 *
Form of Non-employee Director Restricted Stock Award Agreement, under 2018 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan.
**
Form of Performance-Vested Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, under 2018 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan, Type I.
**
Form of Performance-Vested Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, under 2018 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan, Type II.
**
Form of Time-Vested Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, under 2018 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan, Type I.
**
Form of Time-Vested Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, under 2018 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan, Type II.
**
Form of Time-Vested Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, under 2018 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan, Type III.
**
Form of Time-Vested Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, under 2018 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan, Type IV.
**
     
 
Certification of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 **
     
 
Certification of Corporate Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 **
     
 
Certification of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 **
     
 
Certification of Corporate Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 **
     
101.1 Interactive Data File. **

*incorporated by reference
**filed herewith

  
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
   SUNTRUST BANKS, INC.
   (Registrant)
    
Date:May 4,November 2, 2018 
By: /s/ R. Ryan Richards
   
R. Ryan Richards,
Senior Vice President and Controller
(on behalf of the registrant and as Principal Accounting Officer)
    



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