UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
    ý QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended: September 23, 2016October 1, 2017
or
¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Number: 001-14543
____________________________________ 
tbia04.jpg
TrueBlue, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
______________________________________ 
 
Washington 91-1287341
(State of incorporation) (IRSI.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
  
1015 A Street, Tacoma, Washington 98402
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:(253) 383-9101
______________________________________ 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each className of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock no par valueThe New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d)15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.        Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of large“large accelerated filer, accelerated filer” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and smaller reporting company“emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerxAccelerated filer¨ Non-accelerated filer¨(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company¨Emerging growth company¨  

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No ý
As of October 10, 2016,16, 2017, there were 42,478,59641,361,507 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

 


Table of Contents

TrueBlue, Inc.
Table of Contents
  
  
Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
  
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 5.
Item 6.
  







 
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
TRUEBLUE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except par value data)
(unaudited)
September 23,
2016
 December 25,
2015
(in thousands, except par value data)October 1,
2017
January 1,
2017
ASSETS    
Current assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents$24,781
 $29,781
$35,055
$34,970
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $5,210 and $5,902364,618
 461,476
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $5,741 and $5,160380,473
352,606
Prepaid expenses, deposits and other current assets22,280
 23,553
18,923
21,373
Income tax receivable24,157
 28,155
5,945
18,854
Total current assets435,836
 542,965
440,396
427,803
Property and equipment, net59,898
 57,530
63,079
63,998
Restricted cash and investments212,968
 188,412
244,173
231,193
Deferred income taxes, net4,374
 
1,037
6,770
Goodwill225,905
 268,495
226,771
224,223
Intangible assets, net131,828
 153,859
109,963
125,671
Other assets, net53,299
 48,181
46,931
50,787
Total assets$1,124,108
 $1,259,442
$1,132,350
$1,130,445
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY    
Current liabilities:    
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses$67,868
 $69,727
$67,364
$66,758
Accrued wages and benefits83,841
 86,070
79,607
79,782
Current portion of workers' compensation claims reserve68,131
 69,308
Current portion of workers’ compensation claims reserve76,406
79,126
Contingent consideration19,800
 

21,600
Current portion of long-term debt23,422
2,267
Other current liabilities3,787
 2,871
1,408
1,602
Total current liabilities243,427
 227,976
248,207
251,135
Workers’ compensation claims reserve, less current portion210,087
 196,972
202,929
198,225
Long-term debt, less current portion137,111
 243,397
111,408
135,362
Deferred income taxes, net
 19,499
Other long-term liabilities21,008
 36,025
26,033
20,544
Total liabilities611,633
 723,869
588,577
605,266
    
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 5)
    
Shareholders’ equity:    
Preferred stock, $0.131 par value, 20,000 shares authorized; No shares issued and outstanding
 


Common stock, no par value, 100,000 shares authorized; 42,481 and 42,024 shares issued and outstanding
1
 1
Common stock, no par value, 100,000 shares authorized; 41,339 and 42,171 shares issued and outstanding1
1
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(9,726) (14,013)(6,880)(11,433)
Retained earnings522,200
 549,585
550,652
536,611
Total shareholders’ equity512,475
 535,573
543,773
525,179
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$1,124,108
 $1,259,442
$1,132,350
$1,130,445
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

 
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TRUEBLUE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)
Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks endedThirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
September 23, 2016 September 25, 2015 September 23,
2016
 September 25,
2015
(in thousands, except per share data)\October 1,
2017
September 23,
2016
 October 1,
2017
September 23,
2016
Revenue from services$697,097
 $683,918
 $2,015,689
 $1,884,947
$660,780
$697,097
 $1,839,146
$2,015,689
Cost of services518,702
 515,051
 1,516,858
 1,434,278
488,761
518,702
 1,372,418
1,516,858
Gross profit178,395
 168,867
 498,831
 450,669
172,019
178,395

466,728
498,831
Selling, general and administrative expenses134,679
 125,117
 401,090
 354,569
Selling, general and administrative expense131,552
134,679
 378,150
401,090
Depreciation and amortization11,690
 10,498
 34,673
 31,415
11,189
11,690
 34,650
34,673
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge4,275
 
 103,544
 

4,275
 
103,544
Income (loss) from operations27,751

33,252

(40,476)
64,685
29,278
27,751

53,928
(40,476)
Interest expense(1,721) (933) (5,430) (2,980)(1,365)(1,721) (3,893)(5,430)
Interest and other income854
 567
 2,657
 1,878
1,146
854
 3,903
2,657
Interest and other expense, net(867) (366) (2,773) (1,102)
Interest and other income (expense), net(219)(867)
10
(2,773)
Income (loss) before tax expense26,884
 32,886
 (43,249) 63,583
29,059
26,884

53,938
(43,249)
Income tax expense (benefit)3,455
 12,796
 (9,911) 20,504
7,838
3,455
 14,909
(9,911)
Net income (loss)$23,429
 $20,090
 $(33,338) $43,079
$21,221
$23,429

$39,029
$(33,338)
          
Net income (loss) per common share:          
Basic$0.56
 $0.49
 $(0.80) $1.05
$0.52
$0.56
 $0.94
$(0.80)
Diluted$0.56
 $0.48
 $(0.80) $1.04
$0.51
$0.56
 $0.94
$(0.80)
          
Weighted average shares outstanding:          
Basic41,762
 41,296
 41,651
 41,189
41,046
41,762
 41,420
41,651
Diluted42,056
 41,620
 41,651
 41,546
41,276
42,056
 41,671
41,651
          
Other comprehensive income (loss):       
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax$1,247
 $(881) $3,341
 $(1,706)
Other comprehensive income:   
Foreign currency translation adjustment$1,143
$1,247
 $3,483
$3,341
Unrealized gain on investments, net of tax784
 (835) 946
 (281)424
784
 1,070
946
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax2,031
 (1,716) 4,287
 (1,987)
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax1,567
2,031

4,553
4,287
Comprehensive income (loss)$25,460
 $18,374
 $(29,051) $41,092
$22,788
$25,460

$43,582
$(29,051)
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

 
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TRUEBLUE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Thirty-nine weeks endedThirty-nine weeks ended
September 23, 2016 September 25, 2015
(in thousands)October 1,
2017
September 23,
2016
Cash flows from operating activities:    
Net income (loss)$(33,338) $43,079
$39,029
$(33,338)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash from operating activities:   
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
Depreciation and amortization34,673
 31,415
34,650
34,673
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge103,544
 

103,544
Provision for doubtful accounts6,361
 4,483
6,321
6,361
Stock-based compensation7,443
 8,283
6,161
7,443
Deferred income taxes(23,874) (6,029)4,890
(23,874)
Other operating activities5,603
 20
2,563
5,603
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:   
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisition of business: 
Accounts receivable102,722
 (6,597)(34,198)102,722
Income tax receivable4,018
 9,673
12,788
4,018
Other assets(3,563) (3,685)6,306
(3,563)
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses(3,764) 17,453
(784)(3,764)
Accrued wages and benefits(3,254) 10,315
(176)(3,254)
Workers’ compensation claims reserve11,938
 10,024
1,985
11,938
Other liabilities4,740
 1,883
1,086
4,740
Net cash provided by operating activities213,249
 120,317
80,621
213,249
   
Cash flows from investing activities:    
Capital expenditures(17,766) (12,590)(16,303)(17,766)
Acquisition of business(71,863) 

(71,863)
Sales and maturities of marketable securities
 1,500
Change in restricted cash and cash equivalents732
 13,070
8,623
732
Purchases of restricted investments(35,940) (38,818)(36,015)(35,940)
Maturities of restricted investments12,273
 11,047
15,042
12,273
Net cash used in investing activities(112,564) (25,791)(28,653)(112,564)
   
Cash flows from financing activities:    
Purchases and retirement of common stock(29,371)
Net proceeds from stock option exercises and employee stock purchase plans1,183
 1,164
1,179
1,183
Common stock repurchases for taxes upon vesting of restricted stock(2,692) (3,725)(2,956)(2,692)
Net change in revolving credit facility(104,586) (85,994)
Net change in Revolving Credit Facility(1,099)(104,586)
Payments on debt(1,700) (1,700)(1,700)(1,700)
Payment of contingent consideration at acquisition date fair value(18,300)
Other20
 1,134

20
Net cash used in financing activities(107,775) (89,121)(52,247)(107,775)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents2,090
 (1,839)364
2,090
Net change in cash and cash equivalents(5,000) 3,566
85
(5,000)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period29,781
 19,666
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period$24,781
 $23,232
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period34,970
29,781
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$35,055
$24,781
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: 
Cash paid (received) during the period for: 
Interest$2,612
$3,071
Income taxes(2,972)8,801
Non-cash transactions: 
Property, plant, and equipment purchased but not yet paid2,863
2,244
Non-cash acquisition adjustments
3,783
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

 
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

TRUEBLUE, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE 1:SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Financial statement preparation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements (“financial statements”) of TrueBlue, Inc. (the "Company," "TrueBlue," "we," "us,"“Company,” “TrueBlue,” “we,” “us,” and "our"“our”) are prepared in accordance with U.S.accounting principles generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures usually found in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. The financial statements reflect all adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary to fairly state the financial statements for the interim periods presented. We follow the same accounting policies for preparing both quarterly and annual financial statements.

These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 25, 2015.January 1, 2017. The results of operations for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016,October 1, 2017, are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or for any other fiscal period.

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets

We evaluate goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis as of the first day of our second fiscal quarter, and more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate impairment may exist. These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the business climate,operating performance indicators, competition, customer engagement, legal factors, or sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit. We monitor the existence of potential impairment indicators throughout the fiscal year.
Based on our annual goodwill impairment test performed as of the first day of our second fiscal quarter, all reporting units’ fair values were substantially in excess of their respective carrying values. We consider a reporting unit’s fair value to be substantially in excess of its carrying value at a 20% premium or greater. Accordingly, no impairment loss was recognized for the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017. Based on our test performed in the prior year, we recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $65.9 million for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016.

We performed our annual indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment test as of the first day of our second fiscal quarter and determined that the estimated fair values exceeded the carrying amounts for both of our indefinite-lived trade names. Accordingly, no impairment loss was recognized for the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017. Based on our test performed in the prior year, we recorded an impairment charge of $4.5 million for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016.

Acquired intangible assets and other long-lived assets

We generally record acquired intangible assets that have finite useful lives, such as customer relationships and trade names/trademarks, in connection with business combinations. We review intangible assets that have finite useful lives and other long-lived assets whenever an event or change in circumstances indicates that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. Based on our review there was no impairment loss recognized for the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017. In the prior year, we recorded an impairment to our acquired trade names/trademarks intangible assets of $4.3 million during the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016, and also recorded an impairment to our customer relationships intangible assets of $28.9 million during the first half of fiscal 2016.

Stock repurchases

During the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017, we repurchased the remaining $13.9 million available under our $75.0 million share repurchase program. Under this program we repurchased and retired 4.8 million shares of our common stock at an average share price of $15.52, which excludes commissions. On September 15, 2017, our Board of Directors authorized a $100 million share repurchase program of our outstanding common stock. The share repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock and does not have an expiration date. There have been no repurchases under this new program during the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Recently adopted accounting standards

Effective December 26, 2015, we early adoptedIn January 2017, the accounting standardFinancial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating the requirement to perform a Step 2 impairment test to compute the implied fair value of goodwill. Instead, companies will only compare the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value (Step 1) and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized may not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that simplifiedreporting unit. Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the balance sheet disclosurecarrying amount of deferred income taxes retrospectively to all periods presented.the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. This guidance requires deferred tax liabilities and assets to be classified as non-current in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Theamended guidance is effective for annualfiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and may be applied either prospectively to all deferred tax liabilities and assets2019, with early adoption permitted for interim or retrospectively to all periods presented.annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. We early adopted this guidance for our fiscal 2017 annual impairment test. The adoption of thisthe new standard did not have a materialany impact to our consolidated financial statements.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In May 2017, the FASB issued guidance to provide clarity and reduce diversity in practice when accounting for a change to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards. The objective is to reduce the scope of transactions that would require modification accounting. Disclosure requirements remain unchanged. This amended guidance is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017 (Q1 2018 for TrueBlue), with early adoption permitted. We plan to adopt this guidance on the effective date and do not expect the adoption to have a material impact on our financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued guidance to amend the presentation of restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. The standard requires restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. This amended guidance is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017 (Q1 2018 for TrueBlue), with early adoption permitted. We plan to adopt this guidance on the effective date. Changes in restricted cash and cash equivalents recorded in cash flows from investing were $8.6 million and $0.7 million for the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017 and September 23, 2016, respectively.

In October 2016, FASB issued guidance on the accounting for income tax effects of intercompany sales or transfers of assets other than inventory. The guidance requires entities to recognize the income tax impact of an intra-entity sale or transfer of an asset other than inventory when the sale or transfer occurs, rather than when the asset has been sold to an outside party. This guidance is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017 (Q1 2018 for TrueBlue), with early adoption permitted. The guidance will require a modified retrospective application with a cumulative catch-up adjustment to opening retained earnings. We plan to adopt this guidance on the effective date and do not expect the adoption to have a material impact on our financial statements.

In August 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB")FASB issued an accounting standards updateguidance relating to how certain cash receipts and cash payments should be presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The update is intended to reduce the existing diversity in practice. The amended guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017 (Q1 2018 for TrueBlue), with early adoption permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The adoption of the amendment should be applied using the retrospective transition method, if practicable. We intendplan to early adopt this amendment in Q1 2017guidance on the effective date and do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued guidance on accounting for credit losses on financial instruments. This guidance sets forth a current expected credit loss model, which requires measurement of all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost and some off-balance sheet exposures, as well as trade account receivables. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 (Q1 2020 for TrueBlue) with early adoption permitted no sooner than Q1 2019. A modified retrospective approach is required for all investments, except debt securities for which an other-than-temporary impairment had been recognized prior to the effective date, which will require a prospective transition approach. We plan to adopt this guidance on the effective date and are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued guidance to improve employee share-based payment accounting. The simplifications include income tax consequences, classification of awards as equity or liabilities, and classification within the statement of cash flows. This guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016 (Q1 2017 for TrueBlue), and early adoption is permitted. We plan to adopt the guidance on the effective date. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance on lease accounting. The new guidance will continue to classify leases as either finance or operating and will result in the lessee recognizing a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability on its balance sheet with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the statement of income. This guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018 (Q1 2019 for TrueBlue), and early adoption is permitted. A modified

 
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)


retrospective approach is required for all leases existing or entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the consolidated financial statements. We plan to adopt the guidance on the effective date. We are currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements and expect that, upon adoption, a majority of our operating lease commitments will be recognized on our consolidated balance sheetsConsolidated Balance Sheets as operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets upon adoption.assets. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on the pattern of expense recognition in our consolidated statementConsolidated Statements of operationsOperations and comprehensive income (loss).Comprehensive Income.

In January 2016, the FASB issued guidance on the accounting for equity investments, financial liabilities under the fair value option, and the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. The guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017 (Q1 2018 for TrueBlue). Early adoption of the amendments in the guidance is not permitted, with limited exceptions, and should be applied by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. We plan to adopt the guidance on the effective date. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
 
In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance outlining a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers, thatwhich supersedes the current revenue recognition guidance. This guidance requires an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance requires enhanced disclosures, including revenue recognition policies to identify performance obligations to customers and significant judgments in measurement and recognition. The guidance also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments as well as assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. The guidance provides two methods of initial adoption: retrospective for all periods presented (full retrospective), or through a cumulative adjustment in the year of adoption. In March 2016,adoption (modified retrospective). Since the issuance of the original standard, the FASB has issued additionalseveral other subsequent updates including the following: 1) clarification of the implementation guidance providing clarification on principal versus agent considerations included withinconsiderations; 2) further guidance on identifying performance obligations in a contract as well as clarifications on the new revenue recognition guidance. licensing implementation guidance; and 3) additional guidance and practical expedients in response to identified implementation issues. The effective date is for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017 (Q1 2018 for TrueBlue). We have not determinedexpect to adopt the guidance using the modified retrospective approach.

We established a cross-functional implementation team consisting of representatives from our business segments and various departments. We utilized a bottoms-up approach to analyze the impact this guidanceof the standard on our various revenue streams by reviewing our current contracts with customers, accounting policies, and business practices to identify potential differences that would result from applying the requirements of the new standard. We are in the process of making appropriate changes to our business processes, and controls to support recognition and disclosure under the new standard. We are substantially complete with our evaluation of the potential impact that adopting the new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements or the transition method we will use to adopt the guidance. However, the implementation team has begun the assessmentstatements. Revenue from substantially all of our customer contracts. Other than expanded disclosures,contracts with customers will continue to be recognized over time as services are rendered. We do not anticipate the impactsadoption of the revised accountingthis guidance to the results of operations of the Company cannot be determined until our assessment is complete.

NOTE 2:     ACQUISITIONS

2016 Acquisition

We account for our business acquisitions using the purchase method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. The fair value of the net assets acquired and the results of the acquired business are included in the financial statements from the acquisition date forward. We are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and results of operations during the reporting period. Estimates are used in accounting for, among other things, the fair value of acquired net operating assets, property and equipment, intangible assets, useful lives of property and equipment, and amortizable lives for acquired intangible assets. Any excess of the purchase consideration over the identified fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired is recognized as goodwill. All acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred and recorded in Selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). We estimate the preliminary fair value of acquired assets and liabilities as of the date of acquisition based on information available at that time. The valuation of these tangible and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities is subject to further management review and may change between the preliminary allocation and the final allocation. Any changes to these estimates maywill have a material impact on our operating results or financial condition.reporting other than expanded disclosures.

Effective January 4, 2016, we acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities ofOther accounting standards that have been issued by the recruitment process outsourcing ("RPO") business of Aon Hewitt forFASB or other standards-setting bodies that do not require adoption until a cash purchase price of $71.9 million, net of the preliminary working capital adjustment. We amendedfuture date are not expected to have a material impact on our existing credit facility to temporarily increase the borrowing capacity by $30.0 million, which was used to fund the acquisition. The RPO business of Aon Hewitt broadens our PeopleScout RPO services and has been substantially integrated into our PeopleScout service line, which is part of our Managed Services reportable segment.financial statements upon adoption.

Subsequent events

We incurred acquisitionevaluated events and integration-related costs of $4.7 million in connection withtransactions occurring after the acquisition ofbalance sheet date through the RPO business of Aon Hewitt, which are included in Selling, generaldate the financial statements were issued, and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Cash flows from operating activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the thirty-nine weeks ended weeks ended September 23, 2016.


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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)


The purchase price allocation for this acquisition is preliminary. We will finalize our working capital adjustment with the sellers and our purchase accounting during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016.

The following table reflects our preliminary allocation of the purchase price (in thousands):
 Purchase Price Allocation
Cash purchase price, net of working capital adjustment$71,863
  
Purchase price allocated as follows: 
Accounts receivable$12,272
Prepaid expenses, deposits and other current assets281
Customer relationships (1)34,900
Technologies400
  Total assets acquired47,853
  
Accrued wages and benefits (1)1,025
Other long-term liabilities (1)456
  Total liabilities assumed1,481
  
Net identifiable assets acquired46,372
Goodwill (2)25,491
Total consideration allocated$71,863

(1)The preliminary purchase price allocation was adjusted for changes resulting in a net reduction in goodwill of $0.5 million.
(2)Goodwill represents the expected synergies with our existing business, the acquired assembled workforce, potential new customers, and future cash flows after the acquisition of the RPO business of Aon Hewitt. Goodwill is deductible for income tax purposes over 15 years as of January 4, 2016.

Intangible assets include identifiable intangible assets for customer relationships and developed technologies. We estimated the fair value of the acquired identifiable intangible assets, which areidentified no other events that were subject to amortization, using the income approach for customer relationships and the cost approach for developed technologies. No residual value is estimated for any of the intangible assets.

The following table sets forth the components of identifiable intangible assets and their estimated useful lives as of January 4, 2016 (in thousands, except for estimated useful lives, in years):
 Estimated Fair Value Estimated Useful Lives in Years
Customer relationships$34,900
 9.0
Technologies400
 3.0
Total acquired identifiable intangible assets$35,300
  

The acquired assets and assumed liabilities of the RPO business of Aon Hewitt are included on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 23, 2016, and the results of its operations and cash flows are reported on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the period from January 4, 2016 to September 23, 2016.

The amount of revenue from the RPO business of Aon Hewitt included in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) was $49.4 million for the period from the acquisition date to September 23, 2016. The acquired operations have been substantially integrated with our existing PeopleScout operations. The nature of the customers and the services provided by PeopleScout and the former RPO business of Aon Hewitt are now the same. Accordingly, subsequent to merging our operations, it is not possible to segregate and to reasonably estimate the operating expenses related exclusively to the former RPO business of Aon Hewitt.

recognition or disclosure.

 
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)


The acquisition of the RPO business of Aon Hewitt was not material to our consolidated results of operations and as such, pro forma financial information was not required.

2015 Acquisition

Effective December 1, 2015, we acquired SIMOS Insourcing Solutions Corporation ("SIMOS"), an Atlanta-based provider of on-premise workforce management solutions for a cash purchase price of $66.6 million, net of the final working capital adjustment, which was funded by our existing credit facility. An additional cash payment between zero and $22.5 million of contingent consideration is payable in mid-2017, depending on SIMOS achieving a fiscal 2016 earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization target ("EBITDA target"). Actual results must be in excess of 87.5% of the EBITDA target before any amount is earned. The final undiscounted fair value of the contingent consideration as of the acquisition date was determined to be $21.1 million. Using a risk adjusted weighted average cost of capital of 10.0%, the present value of the contingent consideration was estimated to be $18.3 million, as of the acquisition date. The contingent consideration liability was based on a probability weighted fair value measurement using unobservable inputs (Level 3) which rely on management's estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the liability. The valuation is judgmental in nature and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions in forecasting fiscal 2016 results. SIMOS broadens our Staff Management on-premise contingent staffing solution, which is part of our Staffing Services reportable segment. As of September 23, 2016, the present value of the contingent consideration was estimated to be $19.8 million. Refer to Note 3: Fair Value Measurement for further details regarding the contingent consideration estimate.

The following table reflects our final allocation of the purchase price (in thousands):
 Purchase Price Allocation
Purchase price: 
Cash purchase price, net of working capital adjustment$66,603
Contingent consideration18,300
Total consideration$84,903
  
Purchase price allocated as follows: 
Accounts receivable (1)$19,207
Prepaid expenses, deposits and other current assets461
Property and equipment464
Customer relationships39,000
Trade name/trademarks800
Technologies100
Restricted cash4,277
Other non-current assets2,439
  Total assets acquired66,748
  
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses3,741
Accrued wages and benefits4,075
Workers' compensation liability8,520
  Total liabilities assumed16,336
  
Net identifiable assets acquired50,412
Goodwill (2)34,491
Total consideration allocated$84,903

(1)The gross contractual amount of accounts receivable was $19.3 million of which $0.1 million was estimated to be uncollectible.
(2)Goodwill represents the expected synergies with our existing business, the acquired assembled workforce, potential new customers, and future cash flows after the acquisition of SIMOS. Goodwill is deductible for income tax purposes over 15 years as of December 1, 2015.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)



Intangible assets include identifiable intangible assets for customer relationships, trade name/trademarks, and developed technologies. We estimated the fair value of the acquired identifiable intangible assets, which are subject to amortization, using the income approach for customer relationships and trade name/trademarks, and the cost approach for developed technologies. The following table sets forth the components of identifiable intangible assets and their estimated useful lives as of December 1, 2015 (in thousands, except for estimated useful lives, in years):
 Estimated Fair Value Estimated Useful Lives in Years
Customer relationships$39,000
 9.0
Trade name/trademarks800
 3.0
Technologies100
 2.0
Total acquired identifiable intangible assets$39,900
  
NOTE 3:2:FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following (in thousands):following:
September 23, 2016October 1, 2017
Total Fair Value Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(in thousands)Total Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial assets:        
Cash and cash equivalents (1)$24,781
 $24,781
 $
 $
$35,055
$35,055
$
$
Restricted cash and cash equivalents (1)48,273
 48,273
 
 
59,788
59,788


Other restricted assets (2)15,884
 15,884
 
 
21,115
21,115


Restricted investments classified as held-to-maturity152,563
 
 152,563
 
165,053

165,053

       
Financial liabilities:       
Contingent consideration (3)19,800
 
 
 19,800
December 25, 2015January 1, 2017
Total Fair Value Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(in thousands)Total Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial assets:        
Cash and cash equivalents (1)$29,781
 $29,781
 $
 $
$34,970
$34,970
$
$
Restricted cash and cash equivalents (1)49,680
 49,680
 
 
67,751
67,751


Other restricted assets (2)11,944
 11,944
 
 
16,925
16,925


Restricted investments classified as held to maturity128,245
 
 128,245
 
Restricted investments classified as held-to-maturity145,953

145,953

        
Financial liabilities:        
Contingent consideration (3)19,300
 
 
 19,300
21,600


21,600

(1)Cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents consist of money market funds, deposits, and investments with original maturities of three months or less.
(2)Other restricted assets primarily consist of deferred compensation plan accounts, which are comprised of mutual funds classified as available-for-sale securities.
(3)
The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration associated with the acquisition of SIMOS Insourcing Solutions Corporation (“SIMOS”), which was estimated using a probability-adjusted discounted cash flow model. Refer to Note 2: Acquisitions for further details regarding the SIMOS acquisition.


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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)


The following table presents the change in the estimated fair value of our liability for contingent consideration measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016, as follows (in thousands):October 1, 2017:
(in thousands) 
Fair value measurement at beginning of period $19,300
$21,600
Contingent consideration liability adjustment recorded for final purchase price valuation (1,000)
Final purchase price valuation 18,300
Accretion on contingent consideration 1,500
900
Payment of contingent consideration(22,500)
Fair value measurement at end of period $19,800
$
Our estimated liability forDuring the second quarter of 2017, we paid $22.5 million relating to the contingent consideration represents potential payments of additional consideration for theassociated with our acquisition of SIMOS, which is payable in June 2017 if certain defined performance goals are achieved by the end of December 2016. Changes in theSIMOS. The purchase price fair value of the contingent consideration are recordedof $18.3 million is reflected in Selling, generalcash flows used in financing activities and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statementsremaining balance of Operations$4.2 million is recognized in cash flows used in operating activities as a decrease in Other assets and Comprehensive Income (Loss).liabilities.

The preliminary achievement of the defined performance milestone occurred in the fourth quarter of 2016; however, the final determination was subject to a verification period through the payout date in the second quarter of 2017. Amortization of the present value discount iswas recorded in Interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). As of September 23, 2016, the contingent consideration liability was payable within one year and therefore classified as current on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 25, 2015, the contingent consideration liability was included in Other long-term liabilities.

There were no material transfers between Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the thirty-nine weeks ended weeks endedOctober 1, 2017 or September 23, 2016 or September 25, 2015.2016.

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
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We measure certain non-financial assets on a non-recurring basis, including goodwill and certain intangible assets. As a result of those measurements, we recognized impairment charges of $103.5 million during the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016, as follows (in thousands):
 September 23, 2016  
 Total Fair Value 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 Total Impairment Loss
Goodwill$42,629
 $
 $
 $42,629
 $(65,869)
Customer relationships11,100
 
 
 11,100
 (28,900)
Trade names/trademarks3,600
 
 
 3,600
 (8,775)
Total$57,329
       $(103,544)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Goodwill, finite-lived customer relationships and trade names/trademarks intangible assets, and indefinite-lived intangible trade names/trademarks intangible assets with a total carrying value of $160.8 million were written down to their fair value of $57.3 million, resulting in an impairment charge of $103.5 million, which was recorded in earnings for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016. Refer to Note 6: Goodwill and Intangible Assets for additional details on the impairment charges and valuation methodologies.

NOTE 4:3:RESTRICTED CASH AND INVESTMENTS

Restricted cash and investments consist principally of collateral that has been provided or pledged to insurance carriers for workers'workers’ compensation and state workers'workers’ compensation programs. Our insurance carriers and certain state workers'workers’ compensation programs require us to collateralize a portion of our workers'workers’ compensation obligation. The collateral typically takes the form of cash and cash equivalents and highly rated investment grade securities, primarily in municipal debt securities, corporate debt securities, and asset-backed securities. The majority of our collateral obligations are held in a trust at the Bank of New York Mellon ("Trust"(“Trust”). Our investments have not resulted in any other-than-temporary impairments.impairments for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017.
The following is a summary of our restricted cash and investments (in thousands):investments:
September 23,
2016
 December 25,
2015
(in thousands)October 1,
2017
January 1,
2017
Cash collateral held by insurance carriers$27,172
 $23,634
$29,122
$34,910
Cash and cash equivalents held in Trust21,101
 26,046
30,666
32,841
Investments held in Trust148,811
 126,788
163,270
146,517
Other (1)15,884
 11,944
21,115
16,925
Total restricted cash and investments$212,968
 $188,412
$244,173
$231,193

(1)Primarily consists of deferred compensation plan accounts, which are comprised of mutual funds classified as available-for-sale securities.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)


The following tables present fair value disclosures for our held-to-maturity investments, which are carried at amortized cost (in thousands):cost:
September 23, 2016October 1, 2017
Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gain Gross Unrealized Loss Fair Value
(in thousands)Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainGross Unrealized LossFair Value
Municipal debt securities$72,776
 $2,186
 $(37) $74,925
$76,373
$1,561
$(233)$77,701
Corporate debt securities69,552
 1,510
 (13) 71,049
81,395
572
(166)81,801
Agency mortgage-backed securities6,483
 107
 (1) 6,589
4,502
36
(13)4,525
U.S. government and agency securities1,000
26

1,026
$148,811
 $3,803
 $(51) $152,563
$163,270
$2,195
$(412)$165,053
December 25, 2015January 1, 2017
Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gain Gross Unrealized Loss Fair Value
(in thousands)Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainGross Unrealized LossFair Value
Municipal debt securities$67,948
 $1,345
 $(4) $69,289
$71,618
$443
$(865)$71,196
Corporate debt securities50,462
 226
 (152) 50,536
68,934
212
(352)68,794
Agency mortgage-backed securities8,378
 73
 (31) 8,420
5,965
30
(32)5,963
$126,788
 $1,644
 $(187) $128,245
$146,517
$685
$(1,249)$145,953
The amortized cost and fair value by contractual maturity of our held-to-maturity investments are as follows (in thousands):follows:
September 23, 2016October 1, 2017
Amortized Cost Fair Value
(in thousands)Amortized CostFair Value
Due in one year or less$14,051
 $14,092
$16,796
$16,816
Due after one year through five years76,590
 77,854
83,156
83,764
Due after five years through ten years58,170
 60,617
63,318
64,473
$148,811
 $152,563
$163,270
$165,053
Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because the issuers of certain debt securities have the right to call or prepay their obligations without penalty. We have no significant concentrations of counterparties in our held-to-maturity investment portfolio.

 
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)


NOTE 5:PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Property and equipment are stated at cost and consist of the following (in thousands):
 September 23,
2016
 December 25,
2015
Buildings and land$32,810
 $32,258
Computers and software132,505
 126,003
Furniture and equipment10,019
 12,362
Construction in progress14,291
 4,757
Gross property and equipment189,625
 175,380
Less accumulated depreciation(129,727) (117,850)
Property and equipment, net$59,898
 $57,530
Capitalized software costs, net of accumulated depreciation, were $16.9 million and $24.6 million as of September 23, 2016 and December 25, 2015, respectively, excluding amounts in Construction in progress. Construction in progress consists primarily of purchased and internally-developed software.

Depreciation expense of property and equipment totaled $5.4 million and $5.9 million for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016 and September 25, 2015, respectively. Depreciation expense of property and equipment totaled $15.5 million and $17.1 million for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016 and September 25, 2015, respectively.
NOTE 6:GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill

The following table reflects goodwill at September 23, 2016 and December 25, 2015 (in thousands):
 Staffing Services Managed Services Total Company
Balance at December 25, 2015     
Goodwill before impairment$210,281
 $104,424
 $314,705
Accumulated impairment loss(46,210) 
 (46,210)
Goodwill, net164,071
 104,424
 268,495
      
Acquired goodwill and other (1)(3,831) 25,491
 21,660
Impairment loss(50,700) (15,169) (65,869)
Foreign currency translation
 1,619
 1,619
      
Balance at September 23, 2016     
Goodwill before impairment206,450
 131,534
 337,984
Accumulated impairment loss(96,910) (15,169) (112,079)
Goodwill, net$109,540
 $116,365
 $225,905

(1) Effective January 4, 2016, we acquired the RPO business of Aon Hewitt, which has been substantially integrated into our PeopleScout service line, and is part of our Managed Services reportable segment. Accordingly, the goodwill associated with the acquisition has been assigned to our Managed Services reportable segment based on our preliminary purchase price allocation. For additional information see Note 2:Acquisitions. Effective December 1, 2015, we acquired SIMOS, which is part of our Staffing Services reportable segment. The amount presented includes year-to-date adjustments to the preliminary SIMOS purchase accounting for goodwill.

Intangible assets

The following table presents our purchased finite-lived intangible assets (in thousands):
 September 23, 2016 December 25, 2015
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
Finite-lived intangible assets (1):           
Customer relationships (2)$167,090
 $(51,210) $115,880
 $161,376
 $(36,846) $124,530
Trade names/trademarks (3)5,191
 (4,046) 1,145
 5,179
 (3,447) 1,732
Non-compete agreements1,800
 (1,427) 373
 1,800
 (1,177) 623
Technologies17,343
 (8,913) 8,430
 17,310
 (6,536) 10,774
Total finite-lived intangible assets$191,424
 $(65,596) $125,828
 $185,665
 $(48,006) $137,659

(1)Excludes assets that are fully amortized.
(2)Balance at September 23, 2016, is net of impairment loss of $28.9 million.
(3)Balance at September 23, 2016, is net of impairment loss of $4.3 million.

Finite-lived intangible assets include customer relationships and technologies of $34.9 million and $0.4 million, respectively, based on our preliminary purchase price allocation relating to our acquisition of the RPO business of Aon Hewitt. Refer to Note 2: Acquisitions, for additional information regarding this acquisition.

Amortization expense of our finite-lived intangible assets was $6.3 million and $19.2 million for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016, respectively, and $4.6 million and $14.3 million for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended September 25, 2015, respectively.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)


The following table provides the estimated future amortization of finite-lived intangible assets as of September 23, 2016 (in thousands):
Remainder of 2016$5,719
201721,217
201819,919
201917,409
202015,691
Thereafter45,873
Total future amortization$125,828
We also held indefinite-lived trade names/trademarks of $6.0 million and $16.2 million as of September 23, 2016 and December 25, 2015, respectively. We began amortizing $5.7 million of previously indefinite-lived trade names over their remaining estimated useful lives of three years, which commenced as of December 26, 2015, leaving a balance of $10.5 million. The balance at September 23, 2016 is net of an impairment charge of $4.5 million.

Impairments

We evaluate goodwill annually for impairment at the reporting unit level and whenever circumstances occur indicating that goodwill might be impaired. These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the business climate, operating performance indicators, competition, loss of customers, or sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit. We monitor the existence of potential impairment indicators throughout the fiscal year.

Annual impairment test
The impairment test involves comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. We consider our service lines to be our reporting units for goodwill impairment testing. Our service lines are Labor Ready, Spartan Staffing, CLP Resources, PlaneTechs, Centerline, Staff Management | SMX, SIMOS, PeopleScout, hrX, and Staff Management | SMX (MSP). Fair value reflects the price that a market participant would be willing to pay in a potential sale of the reporting unit. If the fair value exceeds carrying value, we conclude that no goodwill impairment has occurred. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, a second step is required to measure the possible goodwill impairment loss. The second step includes hypothetically valuing the tangible and intangible assets and liabilities of the reporting unit as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. The implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill is compared to the carrying value of that goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit's goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill, we recognize an impairment loss in an amount equal to the excess, not to exceed the carrying value.

Determining the fair value of a reporting unit is judgmental in nature and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions to evaluate the impact of operating and macroeconomic changes on each reporting unit. The fair value of each reporting unit is estimated using a combination of a discounted cash flow methodology and the market valuation approach using publicly traded company multiples in similar businesses. This analysis required significant judgments, including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term rate of growth for our business, estimation of the useful life over which cash flows will occur, and determination of our weighted average cost of capital, which is risk-adjusted to reflect the specific risk profile of the reporting unit being tested. The weighted average cost of capital used in our most recent annual impairment test was risk-adjusted to reflect the specific risk profile of the reporting units and ranged from 12% to 17%. The combined fair values for all reporting units were then reconciled to our aggregate market value of our shares of common stock on the date of valuation, while considering a reasonable control premium.

We performed our annual goodwill impairment analysis as of the first day of our fiscal second quarter of 2016 and recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $65.9 million for the thirteen weeks ended June 24, 2016 with respect to the Staff Management | SMX, PlaneTechs, and hrX reporting units as follows:

Staff Management | SMX (Exclusive recruitment and on-premise management of a facility's contingent industrial workforce) In April 2016, we were notified by our largest customer, Amazon, and reported in our first quarter Form 10-Q of fiscal year 2016 its plans to reduce the use of contingent labor and realign its contingent labor vendors for warehousing. Amazon announced it would be reducing the use of our services for its warehouse fulfillment centers in the United States and focusing our services on its planned expansion of distribution service sites to a national network for delivery direct to the customer. Amazon represented approximately $354 million, or 13.1%, of total company revenues for the fiscal year ended December 25, 2015,

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)


and $106 million, or 8.0%, of total company revenues for the twenty-six weeks ended June 24, 2016, and $125 million, or 10.4%, for the comparable period in the prior year. We estimated that the change in scope of our services would decrease revenues for the second half of 2016 by approximately $125 million, compared to the prior year. As a result, we lowered our future expectations, which triggered a goodwill impairment of $33.7 million.

PlaneTechs (Skilled mechanics and technicians to the aviation and transportation industries) - Year-to-date revenues have declined in excess of 30% compared to the prior year as significant projects have been completed for a major aviation customer and its supply chain. There currently are no significant projects in the pipeline. PlaneTechs has been diversifying from providing services to one primary customer without offsetting growth in the broader aviation and transportation marketplace. As a result of significantly underperforming against current year expectations and increased future uncertainty, we lowered our future expectations, which triggered a goodwill impairment of $17.0 million.

hrX - (Outsourced recruitment of permanent employees on behalf of clients) - Sales of this service line include our internally developed applicant tracking software (“ATS”). Actual stand-alone ATS sales and service were $3.4 million for fiscal 2015 and have recently declined. ATS sales and prospects have underperformed against our expectations. As a result of underperforming against our current year expectations and increased future uncertainty in customer demand, we lowered our future expectations, which triggered a goodwill impairment of $15.2 million.

We generally record acquired intangible assets that have finite useful lives, such as customer relationships, in connection with business combinations. We review intangible assets that have finite useful lives and other long-lived assets whenever an event or change in circumstances indicates that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. Factors considered important that could result in an impairment review include, but are not limited to, significant underperformance relative to historical or planned operating results, or significant changes in business strategies. We estimate the recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to the future undiscounted cash flows that we expect the asset to generate. An impairment loss is recognized when the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset plus net proceeds expected from disposition of the asset (if any) are less than the carrying value of the asset. When an impairment loss is recognized, the carrying amount of the asset is reduced to its estimated fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or other valuation techniques. With the change in scope of services by Staff Management | SMX to our largest customer, we lowered our future expectations, which was the primary trigger of an impairment to our acquired customer relationships intangible asset of $28.9 million. Considerable management judgment was necessary to determine key assumptions, including projected revenue and an appropriate discount rate of 13%. Actual future results could vary from our estimates.

We have indefinite-lived intangible assets related to our Staff Management | SMX and PeopleScout trade names. We test our trade names/trademarks annually for impairment and when indications of potential impairment exist. We utilize the relief from royalty method to determine the fair value of our trade names. If the carrying value exceeds the fair value, we recognize an impairment loss in an amount equal to the excess. We used a royalty rate of 10% and a discount rate of 17% in our valuation. Considerable management judgment is necessary to determine key assumptions, including projected revenue, royalty rates, and appropriate discount rates. With the change in scope of services to our largest customer, we have lowered our future expectations, which was the primary trigger of an impairment to the acquired trade name of Staff Management | SMX of $4.5 million.

Interim impairment test

In August 2016, we were notified by Amazon that it will no longer be using our contingent labor services to help expand its delivery stations to distribute and deliver its products directly to its customers. As a result, we expect minimal, if any, revenue activity in Q4 2016 and beyond for Amazon's delivery stations business. We plan to continue to service Amazon's Canadian fulfillment centers. The loss of providing contingent labor services to expand Amazon's delivery stations was deemed to be a triggering event for purposes of assessing goodwill and the customer relationship definite-lived intangible asset for impairment during the third quarter of 2016. Accordingly, we performed a goodwill impairment test for our Staff Management | SMX reporting unit using a blended income and market approach. Considerable management judgment was necessary to determine key assumptions, including estimated future revenues and discount rate. We estimated future Amazon revenues of approximately $30 million for 2017 and modest growth rates thereafter. We used a higher discount rate of 25% for Amazon due to the uncertainties associated with this customer, which resulted in a blended discount rate of 15% for Staff Management | SMX.

Determining the fair value of our Staff Management | SMX reporting unit is judgmental in nature and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions to evaluate the impact of recent changes. The fair value of this reporting unit is estimated using a combination of a discounted cash flow methodology and the market valuation approach using publicly traded company multiples in similar businesses. This analysis required significant judgments, including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term rate of growth for our business, estimation of the useful life over which cash

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)


flows will occur, and determination of our weighted average cost of capital, which is risk-adjusted to reflect the specific risk profile of this reporting unit.

The estimated fair value of our Staff Management | SMX reporting unit was in excess of its carrying value by 20%. This reporting unit also continues to include limited services to Amazon. As such, we believe this reporting unit carries more risk of future impairment when compared to our other reporting units. Should Amazon discontinue the use of our services entirely and the rest of Staff Management | SMX continues to perform in line with management's current expectations and valuation assumptions, this would not result in a goodwill impairment, however it would reduce the excess estimated fair value of this reporting unit over its carrying value to less than 20%. The Staff Management | SMX reporting unit has goodwill of $10.6 million as of September 23, 2016. We will continue to closely monitor the operational performance of the Staff Management | SMX reporting unit as it relates to goodwill impairment.

Spartan and CLP Resources: In the third quarter of fiscal 2016, we finalized the changes to the organizational and reporting structure of our Labor Ready, Spartan Staffing, and CLP Resources service lines. The combined service lines were re-branded as PeopleReady. As a result, we have combined these service lines into one and have recognized an impairment charge of $4.3 million for the remaining net book value of the Spartan and CLP Resources trade name/trademarks intangible assets as of September 23, 2016.
NOTE 7:4:WORKERS’ COMPENSATION INSURANCE AND RESERVES

We provide workers’ compensation insurance for our temporary and permanent employees. The majority of our current workers’ compensation insurance policies cover claims for a particular event above a $2.0 million deductible limit, on a “per occurrence” basis. This results in our being substantially self-insured.
For workers’ compensation claims originating in Washington, North Dakota, Ohio, Wyoming, Canada, and Puerto Rico (our “monopolistic jurisdictions”), we pay workers’ compensation insurance premiums and obtain full coverage under government-administered programs (with the exception of our Labor Ready service line in the state of Ohio where we have a self-insured policy). Accordingly, because we are not the primary obligor, our financial statements do not reflect the liability for workers’ compensation claims in these monopolistic jurisdictions. Our workers’ compensation reserve is established using estimates of the future cost of claims and related expenses that have been reported but not settled, as well as those that have been incurred but not reported.
Our workers’ compensation reserve for claims below the deductible limit is discounted to its estimated net present value using discount rates based on average returns of “risk-free” U.S. Treasury instruments available during the year in which the liability was incurred. The weighted average discount rate was 1.7%1.6% at October 1, 2017 and 1.8% at September 23, 2016 and December 25, 2015, respectively.January 1, 2017. Payments made against self-insured claims are made over a weighted average period of approximately 54.5 years at September 23, 2016.October 1, 2017.
The table below presents a reconciliation of the undiscounted workers’ compensation reserve to the discounted workers'workers’ compensation reserve for the periods presented as follows (in thousands):
September 23,
2016
 December 25,
2015
(in thousands)October 1,
2017
January 1,
2017
Undiscounted workers’ compensation reserve$296,599
 $284,306
$295,969
$292,169
Less discount on workers' compensation reserve18,381
 18,026
Less discount on workers’ compensation reserve16,634
14,818
Workers' compensation reserve, net of discount278,218
 266,280
279,335
277,351
Less current portion68,131
 69,308
76,406
79,126
Long-term portion$210,087
 $196,972
$202,929
$198,225
Payments made against self-insured claims were $55.6$48.2 million and $51.8$55.6 million for the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017 and September 23, 2016, and September 25, 2015, respectively.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)


Our workers’ compensation reserve includes estimated expenses related to claims above our self-insured limits (“excess claims”), and we record a corresponding receivable for the insurance coverage on excess claims based on the contractual policy agreements we have with insurance carriers. We discount this reserve and corresponding receivable to its estimated net present value using the discount rates based on average returns of “risk-free” U.S. Treasury instruments available during the year in which the liability was incurred. The claim payments are made and the corresponding reimbursements from our insurance carriers are received over an estimated weighted average period of approximately 1615 years. The discounted workers’ compensation reserve for excess claims was $55.6$50.7 million and $49.0$52.9 million as of September 23, 2016October 1, 2017 and December 25, 2015,January 1, 2017, respectively. The discounted receivables from insurance companies, net of valuation allowance, were $51.6$45.7 million and $45.2$48.9 million as of September 23, 2016October 1, 2017 and December 25, 2015,January 1, 2017, respectively, and are included in Other assets, net on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Management evaluates the adequacy of the workers’ compensation reserves in conjunction with an independent quarterly actuarial assessment. Factors considered in establishing and adjusting these reserves include, among other things:
changes in medical and time loss (“indemnity”) costs;
changes in mix between medical only and indemnity claims;
regulatory and legislative developments impacting benefits and settlement requirements;
type and location of work performed;
impact of safety initiatives; and
positive or adverse development of claims.
Workers’ compensation expense consists primarily of changes in self-insurance reserves net of changes in discount, monopolistic jurisdictions’ premiums, insurance premiums, and other miscellaneous expenses. Workers’ compensation expense of $23.4$22.1 million and $24.7$23.4 million was recorded in Cost of services for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017 and September 23, 2016, and September 25, 2015, respectively. Workers’ compensation expense of $72.1$64.2 million and $69.1$72.1 million was recorded in Cost of services for the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017 and September 23, 2016, and September 25, 2015, respectively.
NOTE 8:LONG-TERM DEBT

The components of our borrowings were as follows (in thousands):

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)


  September 23,
2016
 December 25,
2015
Revolving Credit Facility $113,500
 $218,086
Term Loan 25,878
 27,578
Total debt 139,378
 245,664
Less current portion 2,267
 2,267
Long-term debt, less current portion $137,111
 $243,397

Revolving credit facility

Effective June 30, 2014, we entered into a Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement for a secured revolving credit facility of $300.0 million with Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, HSBC and PNC Capital Markets LLC ("Revolving Credit Facility") in connection with our acquisition of Seaton. The Revolving Credit Facility, which matures June 30, 2019, amended and restated our previous credit facility.

The maximum amount we can borrow under the Revolving Credit Facility is subject to certain borrowing limits. Specifically, we are limited to the sum of 90% of our eligible billed accounts receivable, plus 85% of our eligible unbilled accounts receivable limited to 15% of all our eligible receivables, plus the value of our Tacoma headquarters office building. The real estate lending limit is $17.4 million, and is reduced quarterly by $0.4 million. As of September 23, 2016, the Tacoma headquarters office building liquidation value totaled $14.0 million. The borrowing limit is further reduced by the sum of a reserve in an amount equal to the payroll and payroll taxes for our temporary employees for one payroll cycle and certain other reserves, if deemed applicable. Each borrowing has a stated maturity of 90 days or less. At September 23, 2016, $272.9 million was available under the Revolving Credit Facility, $113.5 million was utilized as a draw on the facility, and $4.8 million was utilized by outstanding standby letters of credit, leaving $154.6 million available for additional borrowings. The letters of credit are primarily used to collateralize a portion of our workers' compensation obligation.

On January 4, 2016, in connection with the acquisition of the RPO business of Aon Hewitt, we entered into a Third Amendment ("Amendment") to our Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated June 30, 2014. The Amendment provided for a temporary $30.0 million increase to our existing $300.0 million revolving line of credit, for a total of $330.0 million. The temporary increase expired in $10.0 million increments on April 1, May 1, and June 1 of 2016.

The Amendment also reduced the minimum excess liquidity requirement from $37.5 million to $10.0 million, which increased to $19.3 million, $28.6 million, and $37.5 million on April 1, May 1, and June 1 of 2016, respectively. Excess liquidity is an amount equal to the unused borrowing capacity under the Revolving Credit Facility plus certain unrestricted cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities. We are required to satisfy a fixed charge coverage ratio in the event we do not meet the excess liquidity requirement. The additional amount available to borrow at September 23, 2016 was $154.6 million and the amount of cash and cash equivalents under control agreements was $19.7 million, for a total of $174.3 million, which was well in excess of the $37.5 million liquidity requirement in effect on September 23, 2016. We are currently in compliance with all covenants related to the Revolving Credit Facility.

Under the terms of the Revolving Credit Facility, we pay a variable rate of interest on funds borrowed that is based on London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus an applicable spread between 1.25% and 2.00%. Alternatively, at our option, we may pay interest based upon a base rate plus an applicable spread between 0.25% and 1.00%. The applicable spread is determined by certain liquidity to debt ratios. The base rate is the greater of the prime rate (as announced by Bank of America), the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, or the one-month LIBOR rate plus 1.00%. At September 23, 2016, the applicable spread on LIBOR was 1.75% and the applicable spread on the base rate was 0.625%. As of September 23, 2016, the weighted average interest rate on outstanding borrowings was 2.38%.

A fee of 0.375% is applied against the Revolving Credit Facility's unused borrowing capacity when utilization is less than 25%, or 0.25% when utilization is greater than or equal to 25%. Letters of credit are priced at the margin in effect for LIBOR loans, plus a fronting fee of 0.125%.

Obligations under the Revolving Credit Facility are guaranteed by TrueBlue and material U.S. domestic subsidiaries, and are secured by a pledge of substantially all of the assets of TrueBlue and material U.S. domestic subsidiaries. The Revolving Credit Facility has variable rate interest and approximates fair value as of September 23, 2016 and December 25, 2015.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)


Term loan agreement
On February 4, 2013, we entered into an unsecured Term Loan Agreement (“Term Loan”) with Synovus Bank in the principal amount of $34.0 million. The Term Loan has a five-year maturity with fixed monthly principal payments, which total $2.3 million annually based on a loan amortization term of 15 years. Interest accrues at the one-month LIBOR index rate plus an applicable spread of 1.50%, which is paid in addition to the principal payments. At our discretion, we may elect to extend the term of the Term Loan by five consecutive one-year extensions. At September 23, 2016, the interest rate for the Term Loan was 2.02%.
At September 23, 2016 and December 25, 2015, the remaining balance of the Term Loan was $25.9 million and $27.6 million, respectively, of which $2.3 million is current and is included in Other current liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Term Loan has variable rate interest and approximates fair value as of September 23, 2016 and December 25, 2015.
Our obligations under the Term Loan may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an event of default under the Term Loan, which includes customary events of default, as well as cross-defaults related to indebtedness under our Revolving Credit Facility and other Term Loan specific defaults. The Term Loan contains customary negative covenants applicable to the Company and our subsidiaries such as indebtedness, certain dispositions of property, the imposition of restrictions on payments under the Term Loan, and other Term Loan specific covenants. We are currently in compliance with all covenants related to the Term Loan.
NOTE 9:5:COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Workers’ compensation commitments
Our insurance carriers and certain state workers’ compensation programs require us to collateralize a portion of our workers’ compensation obligation, for which they become responsible should we become insolvent. The collateral typically takes the form of cash and cash equivalents, highly rated investment grade debt securities, letters of credit, and/or surety bonds. On a regular basis these entities assess the amount of collateral they will require from us relative to our workers' compensation obligation. The majority of our collateral obligations are held in the Trust.
We have provided our insurance carriers and certain states with commitments in the form and amounts listed below (in thousands):below:
September 23,
2016
 December 25,
2015
Cash collateral held by workers' compensation insurance carriers$26,532
 $23,133
(in thousands)October 1,
2017
January 1,
2017
Cash collateral held by workers’ compensation insurance carriers$28,343
$28,066
Cash and cash equivalents held in Trust21,101
 26,046
30,666
32,841
Investments held in Trust148,811
 126,788
163,270
146,517
Letters of credit (1)4,520
 4,520
7,748
7,982
Surety bonds (2)19,327
 17,946
19,524
20,440
Total collateral commitments$220,291
 $198,433
$249,551
$235,846

(1)We have agreements with certain financial institutions to issue letters of credit as collateral.
(2)Our surety bonds are issued by independent insurance companies on our behalf and bear annual fees based on a percentage of the bond, which are determined by each independent surety carrier. These fees do not exceed 2.0% of the bond amount, subject to a minimum charge. The terms of these bonds are subject to review and renewal every one to four years and most bonds can be canceled by the sureties with as little as 60 days' notice.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The terms of these bonds are subject to review and renewal every one to four years and most bonds can be canceled by the sureties with as little as 60 days’ notice.

Legal contingencies and developments
We are involved in various proceedings arising in the normal course of conducting business. We believe the liabilities included in our financial statements reflect the probable loss that can be reasonably estimated. The resolution of those proceedings is not expected to have a material effect on our results of operations or financial condition.
NOTE 10:STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

We record stock-based compensation expense for restricted and unrestricted stock awards, performance share units, and shares purchased under an employee stock purchase plan.
Our 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan, effective May 11, 2016 (“Incentive Plan"), provides for the issuance or delivery of up to 1.54 million shares of our common stock over the full term of the Incentive Plan.


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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)


Restricted and unrestricted stock awards and performance share units
Under the Incentive Plan, restricted stock awards are granted to executive officers and key employees and vest annually over three or four years. Unrestricted stock awards granted to our Board of Directors vest immediately. Restricted and unrestricted stock-based compensation expense is calculated based on the grant-date market value. We recognize compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, net of estimated forfeitures.
Performance share units have been granted to executive officers and certain key employees. Vesting of the performance share units is contingent upon the achievement of revenue and profitability growth goals at the end of each three-year performance period. Each performance share unit is equivalent to one share of common stock. Compensation expense is calculated based on the grant-date market value of our stock and is recognized ratably over the performance period for the performance share units which are expected to vest. Our estimate of the performance units expected to vest is reviewed and adjusted as appropriate each quarter.

Restricted and unrestricted stock awards and performance share units activity for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016, was as follows (shares in thousands):
 Shares Weighted- average grant-date price
Non-vested at beginning of period1,218
 $22.63
Granted577
 $21.58
Vested(473) $20.75
Forfeited(87) $21.42
Non-vested at the end of the period1,235
 $22.84
As of September 23, 2016, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested restricted stock was approximately $11.4 million, which is estimated to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.6 years. As of September 23, 2016, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to performance share units was approximately $3.4 million, which is estimated to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) reserves for purchase 1.0 million shares of common stock. The plan allows eligible employees to contribute up to 10% of their earnings toward the monthly purchase of the Company's common stock. The employee's purchase price is 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of shares on either the first day or the last day of each month. We consider our ESPP to be a component of our stock-based compensation and accordingly we recognize compensation expense over the requisite service period for stock purchases made under the plan. The requisite service period begins on the enrollment date and ends on the purchase date, the duration of which is one month.

During the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016 and September 25, 2015, participants purchased approximately 65,000 and 49,000 shares from the plan, for cash proceeds of $1.2 million and $1.0 million, respectively.
Stock-based compensation expense
Total stock-based compensation expense, which is included in Selling, general and administrative expenses on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss), was $1.4 million and $2.5 million for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016 and September 25, 2015, respectively, and $7.4 million and $8.3 million for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016 and September 25, 2015, respectively.
NOTE 11:DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLANS

We offer both qualified and non-qualified defined contribution plans to eligible employees. Participating employees may elect to defer and contribute a portion of their eligible compensation. The plans offer discretionary matching contributions. The liability for the non-qualified plans was $17.2 million and $12.9 million as of September 23, 2016 and December 25, 2015, respectively. The current and non-current portion of the deferred compensation liability is included in Other current liabilities and Other long-term liabilities, respectively, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, and is largely offset by restricted investments recorded in Restricted cash and investments on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)


NOTE 12:6:INCOME TAXES

Our tax provision or benefit from income taxes for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if our estimated tax rate changes we make a cumulative adjustment. Our quarterly tax provision and our quarterly estimate of our annual effective tax rate are subject to variation due to several factors, including variability in accurately predicting our pre-tax and taxable income and loss and the mix of jurisdictions to which they relate,by jurisdiction, tax credits, audit developments, changes in law, regulations and administrative practices, and relative changes of expenses or losses for which tax benefits are not recognized. Additionally, our effective tax rate can be more or less volatile based on the amount of pre-tax income. For example, the impact of discrete items, tax credits, and non-deductible expenses on our effective tax rate is greater when our pre-tax income is lower. Except as required under U.S. tax law, we do not provide for U.S. taxes on undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries since we consider those earnings to be permanently invested outside of the U.S.

Our effective tax rate for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016October 1, 2017 was 22.9%27.6%. The principal difference between the statutory federal income tax rate of 35.0% and our effective income tax rate of 22.9% results primarily from non-deductible goodwill impairment and the estimated 2016 federal Work Opportunity Tax Credit ("WOTC"). In December of 2015, WOTC was restored through 2019 as a result of the Protecting AmericansCredit. This tax credit is designed to encourage employers to hire workers from Tax Hikes Act of 2015. We recognized $5.6 million of discrete tax benefits from prior year WOTC. We also recognized $17.7 million of discrete tax detriment from non-deductible goodwill impairment.certain targeted groups with higher than average unemployment rates. Other differences between the statutory federal income tax rate of 35.0% and our effective tax rate of 22.9% result from state and foreign income taxes, and certain non-deductible expenses.

Our effectiveexpenses, tax rate on earnings for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 25, 2015, was 32.2%. The principal difference between the statutory federal incomeexempt interest, and tax rateeffects of 35.0% and our effective income tax rate of 32.2% results from estimated WOTC earned in 2015 from 2014 hires. WOTC had expired for 2015 hires. We also recognized $3.7 million of discrete tax benefits from prior year WOTC and California Enterprise Zone tax credits. Other differences between the statutory federal income tax rate of 35.0% result from state and foreign income taxes and certain non-deductible expenses.
As of September 23, 2016 and December 25, 2015, we had gross unrecognized tax benefits of $2.2 million recorded in accordance with current accounting guidance on uncertain tax positions.share based compensation.
NOTE 13:7:NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

Diluted common shares were calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):follows:
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
 September 23, 2016
September 25, 2015 September 23,
2016
 September 25,
2015
Net income (loss)$23,429
 $20,090
 $(33,338) $43,079
        
Weighted average number of common shares used in basic net income (loss) per common share41,762
 41,296
 41,651
 41,189
Dilutive effect of non-vested restricted stock294
 324
 
 357
Weighted average number of common shares used in diluted net income (loss) per common share42,056
 41,620
 41,651
 41,546
Net income (loss) per common share:       
Basic$0.56
 $0.49
 $(0.80) $1.05
Diluted$0.56
 $0.48
 $(0.80) $1.04
        
Anti-dilutive shares302
 91
 521
 227
Basic net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares and potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares include the dilutive effects of vested and non-vested restricted stock, performance share units, and shares issued under the employee stock purchase plan, except where their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
(in thousands, except per share amounts)October 1,
2017
September 23,
2016
 October 1,
2017
September 23,
2016
Net income (loss)$21,221
$23,429
 $39,029
$(33,338)
      
Weighted average number of common shares used in basic net income (loss) per common share41,046
41,762
 41,420
41,651
Dilutive effect of non-vested restricted stock230
294
 251

Weighted average number of common shares used in diluted net income (loss) per common share41,276
42,056

41,671
41,651
Net income (loss) per common share:     
Basic$0.52
$0.56
 $0.94
$(0.80)
Diluted$0.51
$0.56
 $0.94
$(0.80)
      
Anti-dilutive shares354
302
 388
521

 
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)


Anti-dilutive shares primarily include non-vested restricted stock, and performance share units for which the sum of the assumed proceeds, including unrecognized compensation expense, exceeds the average stock price during the periods presented.
NOTE 14:8:ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

Accumulated other comprehensive loss is reflected as a net decrease to shareholders’ equity. Changes in the balance of each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss during the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016reporting periods were as follows (in thousands):follows:
 Foreign currency translation adjustment Unrealized gain (loss) on investments (1) Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Balance at beginning of period$(13,514) $(499) $(14,013)
Current-period other comprehensive income3,341
 946
 4,287
Balance at end of period$(10,173) $447
 $(9,726)
 Thirteen weeks ended
 October 1, 2017September 23, 2016
(in thousands)Balance at beginning of periodCurrent period other comprehensive incomeBalance at end of period Balance at beginning of periodCurrent period other comprehensive incomeBalance at end of period
Foreign currency translation adjustment$(9,344)$1,143
$(8,201) $(11,420)$1,247
$(10,173)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments (1)897
424
1,321
 (337)784
447
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax$(8,447)$1,567
$(6,880) $(11,757)$2,031
$(9,726)
 Thirty-nine weeks ended
 October 1, 2017September 23, 2016
(in thousands)Balance at beginning of periodCurrent period other comprehensive incomeBalance at end of period Balance at beginning of periodCurrent period other comprehensive incomeBalance at end of period
Foreign currency translation adjustment$(11,684)$3,483
$(8,201) $(13,514)$3,341
$(10,173)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments (1)251
1,070
1,321
 (499)946
447
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax$(11,433)$4,553
$(6,880) $(14,013)$4,287
$(9,726)

(1)Consists of deferred compensation plan accounts, which are comprised of mutual funds classified as available-for-sale securities. The tax impact on unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities was de minimis for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017 and September 23, 2016.2016, respectively.

There were no material reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss during the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017 or September 23, 2016, nor during the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017 or September 23, 2016.
NOTE 15:SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information (in thousands):
 Thirty-nine weeks ended
 September 23, 2016 September 25, 2015
Cash paid during the period for:   
Interest$3,071
 $2,651
Income taxes$8,801
 $16,401
As of September 23, 2016 and September 25, 2015, we had acquired $2.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of property and equipment on account that was not yet paid. We finalized our fair value assessment of our acquisition of SIMOS and have recorded net year-to-date non-cash adjustments to the preliminary SIMOS purchase accounting of $3.8 million, with corresponding adjustments to goodwill. These are considered non-cash investing items.
NOTE 16:9:SEGMENT INFORMATION

Our operating segments are based onCommencing in the organizationalfourth quarter of 2016, we changed our internal reporting structure for which financial results are regularly evaluated by theto better align our operations with customer needs and how our chief operating decision maker, our Chief Executive Officer, currently evaluates financial results to determine resource allocation and assess performance. As a result of this change, our former Staffing Services reportable segment has been separated into two reportable segments, PeopleReady and PeopleManagement, and our former Managed Services reportable segment has been renamed PeopleScout. In addition, we changed our methodology for allocating certain corporate costs to our segments, which decreased our corporate unallocated expenses. The prior year amounts have been recast to reflect this change for consistency purposes.
Our service lines, which are our operating segments. Effective January 4, 2016,segments, and our PeopleScout service line acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of the RPO business of Aon Hewitt, which expands our RPO service offering. The RPO business of Aon Hewitt has been substantially integrated into our PeopleScout service line, which is part of our Managed Services reportable segment. Effective December 1, 2015, we acquired SIMOS, which broadens our Staff Management On-premise contingent staffing solution and is part of our Staffing Services reportable segment.

Our reportable segments are described below:

Our Staffing ServicesPeopleReady reportable segment provides temporaryblue-collar contingent staffing through the PeopleReady service line. PeopleReady provides on-demand and skilled labor in the retail, manufacturing, warehousing, logistics, energy, construction, hospitality, and other industries.
Our PeopleManagement reportable segment provides primarily on-premise contingent staffing and on-premise management of those contingent staffing services through the following service lines:operating segments, which we aggregated into one reportable segment in accordance with U.S. GAAP:
Labor ReadyStaff Management | SMX: On-demand general labor;Exclusive recruitment and on-premise management of a facility’s contingent industrial workforce;
Spartan StaffingSIMOS Insourcing Solutions: Skilled manufacturingOn-premise management and logistics labor;
CLP Resources: Skilled trades for commercial, industrial, and energy construction as well as building and plant maintenance;
PlaneTechs: Skilled mechanics and technicians to the aviation and transportation industries;
Centerline Drivers: Temporary and dedicated drivers to the transportation and recruitment of warehouse/distribution industries;operations;

 
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)


Staff Management | SMX: Centerline DriversExclusive recruitment: Recruitment and management of temporary and dedicated drivers to the transportation and distribution industries; and
PlaneTechs: Recruitment and on-premise management of a facility's contingent industrial workforce;skilled mechanics and technicians to the aviation and transportation industries.
SIMOSOur : On-premise management and recruitment of a facility's contingent industrial workforce.PeopleScout

Our Managed Services reportable segment provides high-volume permanent employee recruitment process outsourcing and management of outsourced labor service providers through the following service lines:operating segments, which we aggregated into one reportable segment in accordance with U.S. GAAP:
PeopleScout: Outsourced recruitment of permanent employees on behalf of clients; and
Staff Management | SMX (MSP)PeopleScout MSP: Management of multiple third party staffing vendors on behalf of clients.

We have two primary measures of segment performance: revenue from services and income from operations. Income from operations for each segment earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“Segment EBITDA”). Segment EBITDA includes net sales to third parties, related cost of sales, selling, general and operatingadministrative expenses, and goodwill and intangible impairment charges directly attributable to the segment. Costs excluded fromreportable segment income from operations include varioustogether with certain allocated corporate general and administrative expenses, depreciationexpenses. Segment EBITDA excludes unallocated corporate general and amortization expense, and interest and other expense, net. administrative expenses.

The following table presents a reconciliation of segment revenue from services to total company revenue:
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
(in thousands)October 1,
2017
September 23,
2016
 October 1,
2017
September 23,
2016
Revenue from services:     
PeopleReady$414,995
$435,783
 $1,118,331
$1,198,067
PeopleManagement196,835
216,834
 581,408
682,605
PeopleScout48,950
44,480
 139,407
135,017
Total Company$660,780
$697,097

$1,839,146
$2,015,689

The following table presents a reconciliation of Segment EBITDA to income (loss) before tax expense:
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
(in thousands)October 1,
2017
September 23,
2016
 October 1,
2017
September 23,
2016
Segment EBITDA (1):     
PeopleReady$28,572
$34,100
 $57,448
$75,198
PeopleManagement6,940
3,520
 18,759
(70,218)
PeopleScout10,277
8,358
 29,071
12,527
 45,789
45,978
 105,278
17,507
Corporate unallocated(5,322)(6,537) (16,700)(23,310)
Depreciation and amortization(11,189)(11,690) (34,650)(34,673)
Income (loss) from operations29,278
27,751
 53,928
(40,476)
Interest and other income (expense), net(219)(867) 10
(2,773)
Income (loss) before tax expense$29,059
$26,884
 $53,938
$(43,249)

(1)Segment EBITDA was previously referred to as segment income (loss) from operations. This change had no impact on the amounts reported.

Asset information by reportable segment is not presented since we do not manage our segments on a balance sheet basis. There are no material internal revenue transactions between our reporting segments.

Revenue from services and income from operations associated with our segments were as follows (in thousands):
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
 September 23,
2016
 September 25,
2015
 September 23,
2016
 September 25,
2015
Revenue from services       
Staffing Services$652,617
 $656,619
 $1,880,730
 $1,807,434
Managed Services44,480
 27,299
 134,959
 77,513
Total Company$697,097
 $683,918
 $2,015,689
 $1,884,947
        
Income (loss) from operations       
Staffing Services$38,720
 $50,290
 $8,472
 $113,353
Managed Services9,260
 3,175
 15,155
 10,979
Depreciation and amortization(11,690) (10,498) (34,673) (31,415)
Corporate unallocated(8,539) (9,715) (29,430) (28,232)
Total Company27,751
 33,252
 (40,476) 64,685
Interest and other expense, net(867) (366) (2,773) (1,102)
Income (loss) before tax expense$26,884
 $32,886
 $(43,249) $63,583

In the second quarter of fiscal 2016, we finalized the changes to the organizational and reporting structure of our PeopleScout and hrX service lines. As a result, we have combined these service lines and they no longer represent separate operating units. At the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2016, we finalized the changes to the organizational and reporting structure of our Labor Ready, Spartan Staffing, and CLP Resources service lines. The combined service lines were re-branded as PeopleReady. As a result, we have combined these service lines and they no longer represent separate operating units.
NOTE 17:SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

We evaluated events and transactions occurring after the balance sheet date through the date the financial statements were issued, and identified no other events that were subject to recognition or disclosure.




 
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Item 2.MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
COMMENT ON FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements in this report,Form 10-Q, other than purely historical information, including estimates, projections, statements relating to our business plans, objectives and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward-looking statements may appear throughout this report, including the following sections: “Management’s Discussion and Analysis,” and “Risk Factors.” Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, and future events and circumstances could differ significantly from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements. Actual events or results may differ materially. These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words “believe,” “project,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “strategy,” “future,” “opportunity,” “goal,” “plan,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties, which may cause actual results to differ materially from thethose expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. We describestatements, including the risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from such forward-looking statementsdescribed in “Risk Factors” (Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q), “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” (Part I, Item 3)3 of this Form 10-Q), and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis” (Part I, Item 2)2 of this Form 10-Q). We undertake no obligationduty to update or revise publicly any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this report or to conform such statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations, whether because of new information, future events, or otherwise.
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of TrueBlue. Our MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 25, 2015, and our subsequently filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. The MD&A is designed to provide the reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and certain other factors that may affect future results.

MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2017. MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our financial statements and the accompanying notes to our financial statements.
OVERVIEW

TrueBlue, Inc. (the "Company,"“Company,” “TrueBlue,” “we,” “us,” and “our”) is a leading provider of specialized workforce solutions helping clientsthat help our customers create growth, improve growthefficiency, and performance by providing staffing, recruitment process outsourcing, and managed service provider solutions.increase reliability. Our workforce solutions meet clients'customers’ needs for a reliable, efficient workforce in a wide variety of industries. Through

We report our workforcebusiness as three distinct segments: PeopleReady, PeopleManagement, and PeopleScout. See Note 9: Segment Information, to our Consolidated Financial Statements found in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for additional details of our service lines and reportable segments.

segmentscroppeda05.jpg

PeopleReadyis our branch-based blue-collar industrial staffing service. PeopleReady provides a wide range of staffing solutions we helpfor contingent, on-demand, general and skilled labor to a broad range of industries that include retail, manufacturing, warehousing, logistics, energy, construction, hospitality, and others. PeopleReady helped approximately 130,000122,000 businesses in 2016 to be more productive andby providing easy access to dependable contingent labor. Additionally, we connect approximately 840,000connected over 414,000 people towith work each year. We are headquartered in Tacoma, Washington.
Revenue grew to $697.1 million for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016, a 1.9% increase compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to the following:

Effective December 1, 2015, we acquired SIMOS Insourcing Solutions (“SIMOS”), a leading provider of on-premise workforce management solutions. SIMOS specializes in helping clients streamline warehouse/distribution operations to meet the growing demand for online commerce and supply chain solutions. SIMOS expands our existing services for on-premise staffing and management of a facility's contingent workforce. SIMOS contributed $39.6 million in revenue, or 5.8% of our revenue growth for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016.

Effective January 4, 2016, we acquired the recruitment process outsourcing ("RPO") business of Aon Hewitt, a leading provider of RPO services. The acquired operations expand and complement our PeopleScout services and will be fully integrated with this service line in 2016. The RPO businessAt the end of Aon Hewitt contributed $15.9 million in revenue, or 2.3%the third quarter of our revenue growth for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016.fiscal 2017, we had a network of 628 branches across all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and Canada.

Excluding revenue from acquisitions, organic revenue declined by approximately 6.2% for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016, as compared to the prior year. The decline in organic revenue was primarily due to Amazon, our largest customer, substantially in-sourcing the recruitment and management of contingent labor for its warehouse fulfillment centers and distribution sites in the United States. Excluding this customer, organic revenue declined by 3.0%.

Revenue trends further softened throughout the current quarter and continue to be mixed across geographies and industries. Modest revenue growth for our small to medium-sized customers was offset by declining revenue trends for our larger national customers. Growth in residential construction and hospitality industries was more than offset by declines in retail, transportation, manufacturing, and service-based industries.

 
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PeopleManagement predominantly encompasses our on-site placement and management services and provides a wide range of workforce management solutions for blue-collar, contingent, on-premise staffing and management of a facility’s workforce. We use distinct brands to market our PeopleManagement contingent workforce solutions and operate as Staff Management | SMX (“Staff Management”), SIMOS Insourcing Solutions (“SIMOS”), PlaneTechs, and Centerline Drivers. Staff Management specializes in exclusive recruitment and on-premise management of a facility’s contingent industrial workforce. SIMOS specializes in exclusive recruitment and on-premise management of warehouse/distribution operations to meet the growing demand for e-commerce and scalable supply chain solutions. PlaneTechs specializes in recruitment and on-premise management of temporary skilled mechanics and technicians to the aviation and transportation industries. Centerline Drivers specializes in dedicated and temporary truck drivers to the transportation and distribution industries. PeopleManagement helped approximately 900 businesses in 2016 to be more productive by providing easy access to dependable blue-collar contingent workforce solutions. Additionally, we connected over 133,000 people with work in 2016. At the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2017, we had 233 on-premise locations at customers’ facilities.

PeopleScout provides outsourced recruitment for permanent employees for all major industries and jobs. Our dedicated recruitment process outsourcing service delivery teams work as an integrated partner with our clients in providing end-to-end talent acquisition services from sourcing candidates to on-boarding employees. In 2016, PeopleScout placed over 268,000 individuals into permanent jobs with 200 clients. Our PeopleScout segment also includes a management service provider business, which provides clients with improved quality and spend management of their contingent labor vendors.

Third Quarter of Fiscal 2017 Highlights

Revenue from services

Total company revenue declined to $661 million for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017, a 5.2% decrease compared to the same period in the prior year due primarily to lower volumes for staffing services within our PeopleReady business and with our former largest customer, Amazon, in our PeopleManagement business. Excluding this customer, total company revenue declined 2.4% from the same period in the prior year.

We saw improvement in our year-over-year monthly revenue trends for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017. We exited the third quarter of fiscal 2017 with a year-over-year decline of 2.5% for the fiscal month of September 2017, as compared to exiting the second quarter of fiscal 2017 with a year-over-year decline of 8.7% for the fiscal month of June 2017. The improving monthly results were due to better underlying trends across all of our segments.

PeopleReady revenue from services

PeopleReady staffing services declined to $415 million for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017, a 4.8% decrease compared to the same period in the prior year. The decline was primarily due to weakness in residential construction and manufacturing. However, this decline was partially offset by an increase in revenue of approximately 1% related to the recent hurricanes and improvements in our service-based, hospitality, and retail businesses.

We saw improvement to our year-over-year monthly revenue trends for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017. We exited the third quarter of fiscal 2017 with a year-over-year decline of 1.0% for the fiscal month of September 2017, as compared to exiting the second quarter of fiscal 2017 with a year-over-year decline of 8.9% for the fiscal month of June 2017. The improving year-over-year monthly results were due to better underlying trends across all of the industries we serve, except manufacturing.

Wage growth has accelerated due to various minimum wage increases and a need for higher wages to attract talent in tight labor markets. We have increased bill rates for the higher wages, payroll burdens, and our traditional mark-up. While we believe our pricing strategy is the right long-term decision, these actions impact our revenue trends in the near term.

PeopleReady performance continues to be impacted by temporary disruptions from operational changes related to our consolidation of Labor Ready, CLP Resources, and Spartan Staffing into one specialized workforce solutions service in order to create a more seamless experience for our customers to access all of our blue-color contingent on-demand general and skilled labor service offerings. We are actively working to complete the transition.

PeopleManagement revenue from services

PeopleManagementrevenue declined to $197 million for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017, a 9.2% decrease compared to the same period in the prior year. Revenue from our former largest customer declined by $20 million or 64.3% to $11 million

 
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for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017, compared to the prior year period. Excluding this customer, PeopleManagement delivered growth of 0.3% for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017. This customer substantially insourced the recruitment and management of contingent labor for their warehouse fulfillment centers and distribution sites in the United States, commencing in the second quarter of fiscal 2016. Excluding this customer, revenue trends improved with modest increases in demand from existing and new customers supporting e-commerce.

PeopleScout revenue from services
PeopleScoutrevenue grew to $49 million for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017, a 10.0% increase compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily driven by new client wins and expanding our scope of services with existing clients.

Gross profit

Total company gross profit as a percentage of revenue for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016,October 1, 2017 was 25.6%26.0%, compared to 24.7% for25.6% in the same period in the prior year. The increase of 0.9% was primarily due to favorable mix with less revenue from our former largest customer, which carries a lower gross margin than the impact of the acquired SIMOS and Aon Hewitt RPO businesses of 0.4%, which carried higher gross margins in comparison to our blended company average, and additional efficiency gains in the positive impactsourcing and recruiting activities of a revenue mix change of 0.5%. We continue to experience resistance from our customers to accept price increases caused by increasing minimum wages and benefits in a sluggish economy and higher contingent worker wages in a tightening labor market. However, these costs have largely been passed through in higher bill rates.PeopleScout as growth has accelerated.

Selling, general and administrative

Total company selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses increasedexpense decreased by $9.6$3 million to $134.7$132 million for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016,October 1, 2017, compared to the same period in 2015.the prior year. The increase includes expenses relatedprior year SG&A expense included approximately $3 million in costs incurred to exit the acquired operations of SIMOS and the RPOdelivery business of Aon Hewitt of approximately $10.4 million,our former largest customer and certain other realignment costs as well as incremental integration costs of $1.4$1 million to fully integrate the RPO business of Aon Hewitt into the PeopleScout service lineline. Excluding these costs, SG&A expense increased for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017, compared to the same period in the currentprior year. SIMOS was acquired effective December 1, 2015The increase is due primarily to the hurricane related damage and the RPO business of Aon Hewitt was acquired effective January 4, 2016. Excluding the impact of these acquisitions,costs to mobilize resources for increased demand for staffing services. Total company SG&A expenses decreased by $2.2 million. The decrease included approximately $3.4 million in costs incurred to exit the delivery business of Amazon and certain other realignment costs.
SG&A expensesexpense as a percentage of revenue increased to 19.3%19.9% for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016,October 1, 2017, from 18.3% for19.3% in the same period in 2015. Excluding the 0.2% of cost relatedprior year, largely due to the integration of the RPO business of Aon Hewitt and 0.5% of cost incurred to exit the delivery business of Amazon and certain other realignment costs, SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 18.6%. The organic revenue decline slightly outpaced the decline in operating expenses.revenue outpacing the decline in expense. With the current year slowdowndecline in growth,revenues, we put in place cost control programs commencing in the first quarter of 2016prior year, which continued in the current year, and expanded those programs in subsequent quarters. We have reduced costs in line with our plans. We will continue to closely monitor and manage our SG&A costs in the current environment.
costs.

Income from operations was $27.8 million for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016, compared to income from operations of $33.3 million for the same period in 2015. Included in the operating results for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016 is a non-cash intangible trade name impairment charge to operating expense of $4.3 million. The impairment was driven by a change to our branding in connection with the consolidation of our retail branch network under a common brand name. Excluding the impairment charge, net

Total company income from operations was $32.1$29 million, or 4.6%4.4% as a percent of revenue, for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016,October 1, 2017, compared to 4.9% for$28 million, or 4.0% in the same period in 2015. Income from operationsthe prior year. The prior year included incremental integration costsa goodwill and intangible impairment charge of $1.4 million to fully integrate$4 million. Excluding the RPO business of Aon Hewitt into the PeopleScout service line in the currentprior year as well as approximately $3.4 million in costs incurred to exit the delivery business of Amazon and certain other realignment costs. Excluding these costs,impairment charge, income from operations was $36.9 million, or 5.3% as a percent of revenue was 4.6% or a decline of 0.2%. This decline was primarily due to the decline in revenue outpacing improved gross profit and the decline in SG&A expenses.

Net income

Net income was $21 million, or $0.51 per diluted share for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016.
OurOctober 1, 2017, compared to $23 million, or $0.56 per diluted share in the same period in the prior year. The decline was impacted by increased effective tax rate on earnings for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016 was 12.9%October 1, 2017 as compared to 38.9% for the same period in 2015.the prior year. Our effective tax rate for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017 was 27.0% compared to 12.9% in the same period in the prior year. A significant driver of fluctuations in our effective income tax rate is the WorkWorker Opportunity Tax Credit (“WOTC”("WOTC") program. WOTC is designed to encourage employers to hire workers from certain disadvantaged targeted categories with higher unemployment rates and reduce our income taxes.rates. WOTC had not been renewed for 2015 hires as of the third quarter ofprogram benefits were higher than anticipated in the prior year. WOTC was restored retroactivelyyear due to January 1,additional credits from 2013 through 2015 and through December 31, 2019, as a result of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2015 signed into law on December 18, 2015.wages.
Net income was $23.4 million, or $0.56 per diluted share for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016, compared to $20.1 million, or $0.48 per diluted share for the same period in 2015.
Additional highlights

We believe we are taking the right steps to preserve our operating margin and produce long-term growth for shareholders. We also believe we are in a strong financial position financially to fund working capital needs for growth opportunities. As of September 23, 2016,October 1, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents of $24.8$35 million and $154.6$118 million available under the Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Facility.Agreement for a secured revolving credit facility ("Revolving Credit Facility") for total liquidity of $153 million.

During the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017, we repurchased the remaining $14 million available under our prior share repurchase program. The total shares repurchased under our prior repurchase program was 4.8 million shares at an average price

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per share of $15.52, which excludes commissions. On September 15, 2017, our Board of Directors authorized a $100 million share repurchase program of our outstanding common stock. The share repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock and does not have an expiration date. There have been no repurchases under this new program during the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Total company results
The following table presents selected financial data:
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
(in thousands, except percentages and per share amounts)October 1,
2017
% of revenueSeptember 23,
2016
% of revenue October 1,
2017
% of revenueSeptember 23,
2016
% of revenue
Revenue from services$660,780
 $697,097
  $1,839,146
 $2,015,689
 
Total revenue growth (decline) %(5.2)% 1.9%  (8.8)% 6.9% 
          
Gross profit$172,019
26.0%$178,395
25.6% $466,728
25.4%$498,831
24.7 %
Selling, general and administrative expense131,552
19.9%134,679
19.3% 378,150
20.6%401,090
19.9 %
Depreciation and amortization11,189
1.7%11,690
1.7% 34,650
1.9%34,673
1.7 %
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge
 4,275
0.6% 
 103,544
5.1 %
Income (loss) from operations29,278
4.4%27,751
4.0% 53,928
2.9%(40,476)(2.0)%
Interest and other income (expense), net(219) (867)  10
 (2,773) 
Income (loss) before tax expense29,059
 26,884
  53,938


(43,249) 
Income tax expense (benefit)7,838
 3,455
  14,909
 (9,911) 
Net income (loss)$21,221
3.2%$23,429
3.4% $39,029
2.1%$(33,338)(1.7)%
Net income (loss) per diluted share$0.51
 $0.56
  $0.94
 $(0.80) 

Revenue from services

Revenue from services by reportable segment was as follows:
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
(in thousands, except percentages)October 1,
2017
Decline %Segment % of TotalSeptember 23,
2016
Segment % of Total October 1,
2017
Decline %Segment % of TotalSeptember 23,
2016
Segment % of Total
Revenue from services:           
PeopleReady$414,995
(4.8)%62.8%$435,783
62.5% $1,118,331
(6.7)%60.8%$1,198,067
59.4%
PeopleManagement196,835
(9.2)%29.8%216,834
31.1% 581,408
(14.8)%31.6%682,605
33.9%
PeopleScout48,950
10.0 %7.4%44,480
6.4% 139,407
3.3 %7.6%135,017
6.7%
          Total Company$660,780
(5.2)%100.0%$697,097
100.0% $1,839,146
(8.8)%100.0%$2,015,689
100.0%

Total company revenue declined to $661 million for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017, a 5.2% decrease compared to the same period in the prior year. Total company revenue declined to $1.8 billion for the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017, an 8.8% decrease compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease is primarily due to lower volumes for staffing services within our PeopleReady business and with our former largest customer, Amazon. Excluding this customer, total company revenue declined 2.4% for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017 and 3.6% for the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017.

We saw improvement in our year-over-year monthly revenue trends for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017. We exited the third quarter of fiscal 2017 with a year-over-year decline of 2.5% for the fiscal month of September 2017, as compared to exiting the second quarter of fiscal 2017 with a year-over-year decline of 8.7% for the fiscal month of June 2017. The improving monthly results were due to better underlying trends across all of our segments.

PeopleReady
PeopleReadyrevenue declined to $415 million for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017, a 4.8% decrease compared to the same period in the prior year. Revenue declined to $1.1 billion for the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017, a 6.7% decrease compared to the same period in the prior year. The decline was primarily due to weakness in residential construction and manufacturing.

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However, this decline was partially offset by an increase in revenue of approximately 1% related to the recent hurricanes and improvements in our service-based, hospitality, and retail businesses.
We saw improvement to our year-over-year monthly revenue trends for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017. We exited the third quarter of fiscal 2017 with a year-over-year decline of 1.0% for the fiscal month of September 2017, as compared to exiting the second quarter of fiscal 2017 with a year-over-year decline of 8.9% for the fiscal month of June 2017. The improving year-over-year monthly results were due to better underlying trends across all of the industries we serve, except manufacturing.

Wage growth has accelerated due to various minimum wage increases and a need for higher wages to attract talent in tight labor markets. We have increased bill rates for the higher wages, payroll burdens, and our traditional mark-up. While we believe our pricing strategy is the right long-term decision, these actions impact our revenue trends in the near term.

PeopleReady performance continues to be impacted by temporary disruptions from operational changes related to our consolidation of Labor Ready, CLP Resources, and Spartan Staffing into one specialized workforce solutions service in order to create a more seamless experience for our customers to access all of our blue-color contingent on-demand general and skilled labor service offerings. We are actively working to complete the transition.

PeopleManagement

PeopleManagementrevenue declined to $197 million for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017, a 9.2% decrease compared to the same period in the prior year. Revenue from our former largest customer declined by $20 million or 64.3% to $11 million for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017, compared to the prior year period. Excluding this customer, PeopleManagement delivered growth of 0.3% for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017. This customer substantially insourced the recruitment and management of contingent labor for their warehouse fulfillment centers and distribution sites in the United States, commencing in the second quarter of fiscal 2016. Excluding this customer, revenue trends improved with modest increases in demand from existing and new customers supporting e-commerce.

Revenue declined to $581 million for the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017, a 14.8% decrease compared to the same period in the prior year. Revenue from our former largest customer declined by $108 million, or 78.6% for the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017, compared to the prior year period. Excluding this customer, PeopleManagement delivered growth of 1.3% for the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017.

PeopleScout
PeopleScoutrevenue grew to $49 million for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017, a 10.0% increase compared to the same period in the prior year. PeopleScout revenue grew to $139 million for the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017, a 3.3% increase compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily driven by new client wins and expanding our scope of services with existing clients.

Gross profit
Gross profit was as follows:
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
(in thousands, except percentages)October 1, 2017September 23, 2016 October 1, 2017September 23, 2016
Gross profit$172,019
$178,395
 $466,728
$498,831
Percentage of revenue26.0%25.6% 25.4%24.7%

Total company gross profit as a percentage of revenue for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017 was 26.0%, compared to 25.6% in the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily due to favorable mix with less revenue from our former largest customer, which carries a lower gross margin than the blended average, and additional efficiency gains in the sourcing and recruiting activities of PeopleScout as growth has accelerated.
Total company gross profit as a percentage of revenue for the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017 was 25.4%, compared to 24.7% in the same period in the prior year. The increase of 0.7% was primarily due to favorable mix with less revenue from our former largest customer, which carries a lower gross margin than the blended average, and additional efficiency gains in the sourcing and recruiting activities of PeopleScout as growth has accelerated.


 
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONSSelling, general and administrative expense
Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expense was as follows:
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
(in thousands, except percentages)October 1, 2017September 23, 2016 October 1, 2017September 23, 2016
Selling, general and administrative expense$131,552
$134,679
 $378,150
$401,090
Percentage of revenue19.9%19.3% 20.6%19.9%

Total company results
selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expense decreased by $3 million to $132 million for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017, compared to the same period in the prior year. The following table presents selected financial data (prior year SG&A expense included approximately $3 million in thousands, except percentagescosts incurred to exit the delivery business of our former largest customer and per share amounts):
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
 September 23,
2016
 % of revenue September 25,
2015
 % of revenue September 23,
2016
 % of revenue September 25,
2015
 % of revenue
Revenue from services$697,097
   $683,918
   $2,015,689
   $1,884,947
  
Total revenue growth %1.9%   8.0%   6.9%   27.1%  
                
Gross profit$178,395
 25.6% $168,867
 24.7% $498,831
 24.7 % $450,669
 23.9%
Selling, general and administrative expenses134,679
 19.3% 125,117
 18.3% 401,090
 19.9 % 354,569
 18.8%
Depreciation and amortization11,690
 1.7% 10,498
 1.5% 34,673
 1.7 % 31,415
 1.7%
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge4,275
 0.6% 
   103,544
 5.1 % 
  
Income (loss) from operations27,751
 4.0% 33,252
 4.9% (40,476) (2.0)% 64,685
 3.4%
Interest and other expense, net(867)   (366)   (2,773)   (1,102)  
Income (loss) before tax expense26,884
   32,886




(43,249)



63,583
  
Income tax expense (benefit)3,455
   12,796
   (9,911)   20,504
  
Net income (loss)$23,429
 3.4% $20,090
 2.9% $(33,338) (1.7)% $43,079
 2.3%
Net income (loss) per diluted share$0.56
   $0.48
   $(0.80)   $1.04
  

Effective December 1, 2015, we acquired SIMOS, a leading providercertain other realignment costs as well as incremental integration costs of on-premise workforce management solutions. SIMOS specializes in helping clients streamline warehouse/distribution operations$1 million to meet the growing demand for online commerce and supply chain solutions. SIMOS will expand our existing services for on-premise staffing and management of a facility's contingent workforce. Effective January 4, 2016, we acquiredfully integrate the RPO business of Aon Hewitt a leading provider of RPO services. The acquired operations expand and complement ourinto the PeopleScout services and will be fully integrated with this service line in 2016. Our year-over-year trends for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016, compared to the same periods in the prior year, are significantly impacted by the acquisitions of SIMOS and the RPO business of Aon Hewitt.
Revenue from services
Revenue from services was as follows (in thousands, except percentages):
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
 September 23,
2016
 September 25,
2015
 September 23,
2016

September 25,
2015
Revenue from services$697,097
 $683,918
 $2,015,689
 $1,884,947
Total revenue growth %1.9% 8.0% 6.9% 27.1%
Thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016
Revenue grew to $697.1 millionline. Excluding these costs, SG&A increased for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016,October 1, 2017, compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase is due primarily to hurricane related damage and costs to mobilize resources for increased demand for staffing services. Total company SG&A expense as a 1.9% increasepercentage of revenue increased to 19.9% for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017, from 19.3% in the same period in the prior year, largely due to the decline in revenue outpacing the decline in expense. With the decline in revenues, we put in place cost control programs commencing in the prior year, which continued in the current year, and have reduced costs in line with our plans. We will continue to monitor and manage our SG&A costs.

Total company SG&A expense decreased by $23 million to $378 million for the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017, compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to the following:
The acquisitions of SIMOS contributed $39.6 millioncontinued progress in revenue, or 5.8%managing costs. Total company SG&A expense as a percentage of revenue growth and the acquisition of the RPO business of Aon Hewitt contributed $15.9 million in revenue, or 2.3% of our revenue growthincreased to 20.6% for the thirteenthirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016.
Excluding revenueOctober 1, 2017, from acquisitions, organic revenue declined by approximately 6.2% for19.9% in the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016, as compared tosame period in the prior year. The rate at which revenue declines outpaced the decline in organic revenueoperating expenses has slowed with the success of our cost reduction programs.

Goodwill and Intangible Asset Impairment Charge
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge was as follows:
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
(in thousands, except percentages)October 1, 2017September 23, 2016 October 1, 2017September 23, 2016
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge$
$4,275
 $
$103,544
Percentage of revenue 0.6%  5.1%

The goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge in the prior year was primarily driven by a change in the scope of services with our former largest customer and other changes in our outlook reflecting changes to economic and industry conditions.

Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization was as follows:
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
(in thousands, except percentages)October 1, 2017September 23, 2016 October 1, 2017September 23, 2016
Depreciation and amortization$11,189
$11,690
 $34,650
$34,673
Percentage of revenue1.7%1.7% 1.9%1.7%
Increased depreciation due to Amazon,investments designed to further improve our largest customer, substantially in-sourcing its recruitmentefficiency and management ofeffectiveness in recruiting and retaining our contingent laborworkers, and attracting and retaining customers was partially offset by a decline in amortization for its warehouse fulfillment centersthe thirteen and distribution sitesthirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017, respectively, due to the intangible asset impairment in the United States. Excluding this customer, organic revenue declined by 3.0%.

prior year.

 
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Revenue trends further softened throughout the current quarter and continue to be mixed across geographies and industries. Modest revenue growth for our small to medium-sized customers was offset by declining revenue trends for our larger national customers. Growth in residential construction and hospitality industries was more than offset by declines in retail, transportation, manufacturing, and service-based industries.
Thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016
Revenue grew to $2,015.7 million for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016, a 6.9% increase compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to the acquisitions of SIMOS and the RPO business of Aon Hewitt. SIMOS contributed $112.5 million in revenue, or 6.0% of our revenue growth and the RPO business of Aon Hewitt contributed $49.4 million in revenue, or 2.6% of our revenue growth for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016.

Excluding revenue from acquisitions, organic revenue declined by approximately 1.7% for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016, as compared to the prior year. This was especially pronounced for our large national customers. Our largest customer, Amazon is reducing its use of contingent labor for its warehouse fulfillment centers and distribution sites throughout the United States and is substantially in-sourcing its recruitment and management of contingent labor for its warehousing and distribution. Organic revenue growth excluding Amazon increased by approximately 0.7%.

Revenue trends were mixed across geographies and industries. The decline in organic revenue growth from our national customers was partially offset by stronger growth for our small to medium sized customers. Growth in residential construction and hospitality industries was more than offset by declines in retail, transportation, manufacturing, and service-based industries. Caution over the sluggish economy persists across many of the industries we serve.
Gross profit
Gross profit was as follows (in thousands, except percentages):
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
 September 23,
2016
 September 25,
2015
 September 23,
2016
 September 25,
2015
Gross profit$178,395
 $168,867
 $498,831
 $450,669
Percentage of revenue25.6% 24.7% 24.7% 23.9%

Gross profit represents revenue from services less direct costs of services, which consist of payroll, payroll taxes, workers' compensation costs, and reimbursable costs.
Thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016
Gross profit as a percentage of revenue for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016, was 25.6% compared to 24.7% for the same period in the prior year. The increase of 0.9% was due to the impact of the acquired SIMOS and Aon Hewitt RPO businesses of 0.4%, which carried higher gross margins in comparison to our blended company average, and the positive impact of a revenue mix change of 0.5%. We continue to experience resistance from our customers to accept price increases caused by increasing minimum wages and benefits in a sluggish economy and higher contingent worker wages in a tightening labor market. However, these costs have largely been passed through in higher bill rates.
Thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016
Gross profit as a percentage of revenue for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016, was 24.7% compared to 23.9% for the same period in the prior year. The increase of 0.8% was primarily due to the impact of the acquired SIMOS and Aon Hewitt RPO businesses of 0.7%, which carried higher gross margins than our blended company average, as well as the positive impact of a revenue mix change, offset by gross margin compression due to resistance from our customers to accept price increases for increasing minimum wages and benefits in a sluggish economy and higher contingent worker wages in a tightening labor market. Through disciplined pricing we have made continuous progress throughout the current year in reducing gross margin compression and passing these costs through in higher bill rates.
Workers’ compensation expense as a percentage of revenue was 3.6% for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016 compared to 3.7% for the same period in the prior year. Our efforts to actively manage the safety of our temporary workers with our safety programs and control increasing costs with our network of workers' compensation service providers have had a positive impact and have created favorable adjustments to our workers’ compensation liabilities recorded in prior periods. Continued favorable adjustments to our workers' compensation liabilities are dependent on our ability to continue to lower accident rates and claim costs.

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However, in line with our expectations, we are experiencing diminishing favorable adjustments to our workers' compensation liabilities as the opportunity for significant reduction to frequency and severity of accident rates diminishes.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
 September 23,
2016
 September 25,
2015
 September 23,
2016
 September 25,
2015
Selling, general and administrative expenses$134,679
 $125,117
 $401,090
 $354,569
Percentage of revenue19.3% 18.3% 19.9% 18.8%

Thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016

SG&A expenses increased by $9.6 million to $134.7 million for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016, compared to the same period in 2015. The increase includes expenses related to the acquired operations of SIMOS and the RPO business of Aon Hewitt of approximately $10.4 million as well as incremental integration costs of $1.4 million to fully integrate the RPO business of Aon Hewitt into the PeopleScout service line in the current year. Excluding the impact of these acquisitions, SG&A expenses decreased by $2.2 million. The decrease includes $3.4 million in costs incurred to exit the delivery business of Amazon and certain other realignment costs.

SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 19.3% for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016, from 18.3% for the same period in 2015. Excluding the 0.2% of cost related to the integration of the RPO business of Aon Hewitt and 0.5% of cost incurred to exit the delivery business of Amazon and certain other realignment costs, SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 18.6%. The organic revenue decline slightly outpaced the decline in operating expenses. With the current year slowdown in growth, we put in place cost control programs in prior quarters. We have reduced costs in line with our plans. We will continue to closely monitor and manage our SG&A costs in the current environment.

Thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016

SG&A expenses increased by $46.5 million to $401.1 million for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016, compared to the same period in 2015. The increase includes expenses related to the acquired operations of SIMOS and the RPO business of Aon Hewitt of approximately $29.7 million, as well as an increase in acquisition and integration costs of approximately $1.0 million. Excluding the impact of these acquisitions, SG&A expenses increased by $15.8 million. The increase includes $3.4 million in costs incurred to exit the delivery business of Amazon and certain other realignment costs. The remaining increase of approximately $12.4 million was due primarily to investments made in selling and recruiting resources for our blue-collar staffing services in the prior year to fuel continued growth. With the current year slowdown in growth, these investments were curtailed and cost control programs commenced in the first quarter of 2016 and expanded in subsequent quarters to reduce costs. We have reduced SG&A costs in line with our plans. We will continue to closely monitor and manage our SG&A costs in the current environment of sluggish revenue growth.

SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 19.9% for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016 from 18.8% for the same period in 2015. The cost control programs which commenced in the first quarter and expanded in subsequent quarters have progressively reduced SG&A expenses as a percent of sales throughout the period. However, continued organic revenue declines outpaced the decline in operating expenses.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
 September 23,
2016
 September 25,
2015
 September 23,
2016
 September 25,
2015
Depreciation and amortization$11,690
 $10,498
 $34,673
 $31,415
Percentage of revenue1.7% 1.5% 1.7% 1.7%

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Depreciation and amortization increased $1.2 million to $11.7 million for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016, and $3.3 million to $34.7 million for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016, primarily due to the amortization of acquired finite-lived intangible assets in connection with the acquisition of SIMOS, which was acquired effective December 1, 2015, and the RPO business of Aon Hewitt, which was acquired effective January 4, 2016. We continue to make investments in common systems for our retail branch network service lines which are being consolidated as well as other projects that are primarily designed to further digitize our business and improve our efficiency and effectiveness in recruiting, retaining our temporary workers, and attracting and retaining our customers.
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
 September 23,
2016
 September 25,
2015
 September 23,
2016
 September 25,
2015
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge$4,275
 $
 $103,544
 $
Percentage of revenue0.6% 
 5.1% 

Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge of $4.3 million for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016 is a non-cash intangible trade name impairment charge driven by a change to our branding in connection with the consolidation of our retail branch network service lines of Labor Ready, Spartan Staffing and CLP Resources under the PeopleReady brand name. Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016, further includes a non-cash goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge of $99.3 million recognized in the second quarter of 2016. See Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates for further discussion.
A summary of the goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges by service line are as follows (in thousands):
 Customer relationships Trade name/trademarks Goodwill Total
Staff Management | SMX$28,900
 $4,500
 $33,700
 $67,100
PlaneTechs
 
 17,000
 17,000
hrX
 
 15,169
 15,169
Spartan Staffing and CLP Resources
 4,275
 
 4,275
Total non-cash impairment charges$28,900
 $8,775
 $65,869
 $103,544
Income taxes
The income tax expense (benefit) and the effective income tax rate were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):follows:
Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks endedThirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
September 23,
2016
 September 25,
2015
 September 23,
2016
 September 25,
2015
(in thousands, except percentages)October 1, 2017September 23, 2016 October 1, 2017September 23, 2016
Income tax expense (benefit)$3,455
 $12,796
 $(9,911) $20,504
$7,838
$3,455
 $14,909
$(9,911)
Effective income tax rate12.9% 38.9% 22.9% 32.2%27.0%12.9% 27.6%22.9%

Our tax provision or benefit from income taxes for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if our estimated tax rate changes, we make a cumulative adjustment. Our quarterly tax provision and our quarterly estimate of our annual effective tax rate are subject to variation due to several factors, including variability in accurately predicting our pre-tax and taxable income and loss and the mix of jurisdictions to which they relate, tax credits, audit developments, changes in law, regulations and administrative practices, and relative changes of expenses or losses for which tax benefits are not recognized. Additionally, our effective tax rate can be more or less volatile based on the amount of pre-tax income. For example, the impact of discrete items, tax credits and non-deductible expenses on our effective tax rate is greater when our pre-tax income is lower. Except as required under U.S. federal income tax law, we do not provide for U.S. federal income taxes on undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries sincebecause we consider those earnings to be permanently invested outside of the U.S.United States.

A significant driver of fluctuations in our effective income tax rate is the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (“WOTC”). WOTC is designed to encourage hiring of workers from certain disadvantaged targeted categories, and is generally calculated as a percentage of wages

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over a twelve month period up to worker maximum by targeted category. Based on historical results and business trends, we estimate the amount of WOTC we expect to earn related to wages of the current year. However, the estimate is subject to variation because 1) a small percentage of our workers qualify for one or more of the many targeted categories; 2) the targeted categories are subject to different incentive credit rates and limitations; 3) credits fluctuate depending on economic conditions and qualified worker retention periods; and 4) state and federal offices oftencan delay their credit certification processing from a few months to several years and have inconsistent certification rates. We recognize additional prior year hiring credits if credits in excess of original estimates have been certified by government offices. WOTC was restored through December 31, 2019, as a result of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2015, signed into law on December 18, 2015.

Our effective tax rate for the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017 and September 23, 2016 was 27.6% and 22.9%, which includes a goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge. Excluding this impairment charge, our effective tax rate would have been 17.4%, as compared to 32.2% for the same period in 2015, primarily because WOTC was restored. WOTC was retroactively restored from January 1, 2015 through December 31, 2019 as a result of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2015, signed into law on December 18, 2015.respectively. We recognized discrete tax benefits from prior yearyear(s) hiring credits of $5.6$0.9 million for the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017, compared to $3.7$5.6 million for the same period in the prior year.

Changes to our effective tax rate as a result of hiring credits, impairment, and share based compensation were as follows:
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
 September 23,
2016
 September 25,
2015
 September 23,
2016
 September 25,
2015
Effective income tax rate without hiring credits or goodwill impairment39.0 % 40.9 % 41.3 % 40.1 %
Hiring credits estimate from current year wages 
(14.0) (2.0) (14.0) (2.0)
Effective income tax rate before prior year adjustments25.0
 38.9
 27.3
 38.1
Additional hiring credits from prior year wages(12.1) 
 (9.9) (5.9)
Goodwill impairment impact
 
 5.5
 
Effective income tax rate with hiring credits12.9 % 38.9 % 22.9 % 32.2 %

 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
 October 1, 2017September 23, 2016 October 1, 2017September 23, 2016
Effective income tax rate without adjustments below38.6 %39.0 % 39.2 %41.3 %
Hiring credits estimate from current year wages 
(10.2)(14.0) (10.2)(14.0)
Additional hiring credits from prior year wages(1.4)(12.1) (1.7)(9.9)
Tax effect of share based compensation

 0.3

Goodwill and intangible asset impairment impact

 
5.5
Effective income tax rate27.0 %12.9 %
27.6 %22.9 %
Segment resultsperformance

Our service lines areWe realigned our operating segments. Effective December 1, 2015, we acquired SIMOS, a leading provider of on-premise workforce management solutions. SIMOS will expand our existing services for on-premise staffing and management of a facility's contingent workforce. Effective January 4, 2016, we acquiredreporting structure in the RPO business of Aon Hewitt, a leading provider of recruitment process outsourcing services. The acquired operations expand and complement our PeopleScout services and will be fully integrated with this service line in 2016.

In the secondfourth quarter of fiscal 2016 we finalized changes to the organizationalstreamline our operations and reporting structure ofmake it easier for our PeopleScoutcustomers to leverage our total workforce solution by using both our contingent work and hrX service lines. As a result, we combined these service lines under the trade name PeopleScout, which is part ofpermanent placement services. We now report our business as three distinct segments. Our former Staffing Services reportable segment was separated into two reportable segments, PeopleReady and PeopleManagement, and our former Managed Services reportable segment was renamed PeopleScout. In addition, we changed our methodology for allocating certain corporate costs to our segments, which decreased our corporate unallocated expenses. The prior year amounts have been recast to reflect this change for consistency.

A primary measure of segment performance, evaluated by our chief operating decision maker, to determine resource allocation and no longer report them as separate reporting units. Additionally, we are transitioningassess performance is segment earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“Segment EBITDA”). Segment EBITDA includes net sales to third parties, related cost of sales, selling, general and administrative expenses, and goodwill and intangible impairment charges directly attributable to the organizationalreportable segment together with certain allocated corporate general and reporting structure as we consolidate our Labor Ready, Spartan Staffing,administrative expenses. Segment EBITDA excludes unallocated corporate general and CLP Resources retail branch network service lines for blue collar contingent labor into one service line with common leadership, sales, recruiting, service and systems. The consolidated service line has been re-branded as PeopleReady, which remains part of our Staffing Services reportable segment.administrative expenses. See Note 16:9: Segment

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Information, to our Consolidated Financial Statements found in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for additional details of our service lines and reportable segments.segments, as well as a reconciliation of Segment EBITDA to income (loss) before tax expense.

Segment EBITDA should not be considered a measure of financial performance in isolation or as an alternative to net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.

PeopleReadysegment performance was as follows:
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
(in thousands, except for percentages)October 1, 2017September 23, 2016 October 1, 2017September 23, 2016
Revenue from services$414,995
$435,783
 $1,118,331
$1,198,067
Segment EBITDA28,572
34,100
 57,448
75,198
Percentage of revenue6.9%7.8% 5.1%6.3%

PeopleReady Segment EBITDA decreased to $29 million, or 6.9% of revenue for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017, compared to $34 million, or 7.8% of revenue in the same period in the prior year. PeopleReady Segment EBITDA decreased to $57 million, or 5.1% of revenue for the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017, compared to $75 million, or 6.3% of revenue in the same period in the prior year. The revenue decline outpaced the cost control programs primarily due to the de-leveraging effect associated with the fixed costs in a branch network. Through disciplined pricing, we have passed through our normal mark-up on the increased costs for minimum wages, payroll taxes and benefits together with higher contingent worker wages in a tightening labor market. With the decline in revenue, we put in place cost control programs commencing in the prior year, which continue in the current year, and have reduced SG&A costs in line with our plans. We will continue to monitor and manage our SG&A costs.

PeopleManagementsegment performance was as follows:
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
(in thousands, except for percentages)October 1, 2017September 23, 2016 October 1, 2017September 23, 2016
Revenue from services$196,835
$216,834
 $581,408
$682,605
Segment EBITDA6,940
3,520
 18,759
(70,218)
Percentage of revenue3.5%1.6% 3.2%(10.3)%

PeopleManagement Segment EBITDA increased to $7 million, or 3.5% of revenue for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017, compared to $4 million, or 1.6% of revenue in the same period in the prior year primarily due to a more favorable mix of less revenue from our former largest customer, which carried a lower gross margin than our blended average, and the results of a cost reduction program. Revenue from our former largest customer declined by $20 million, or 64.3% to $11 million for the thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017, from the same period in the prior year.

PeopleManagement Segment EBITDA increased to $19 million, or 3.2% of revenue for the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017, compared to a loss of $70 million, or 10.3% of revenue in the same period in the prior year. The loss of $70 million for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016 included a goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge of $84 million primarily driven by a change in the scope of services with our former largest customer. Excluding the goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge, Segment EBITDA as a percentage of revenue improved by 1.2% for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016. This improvement in Segment EBITDA as a percent of revenue was primarily due to a more favorable mix of less revenue from our former largest customer which carried a lower gross margin than our blended average, and the results of a cost reduction program. Revenue from our former largest customer declined by $108 million, or 78.6% to $29 million for the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017, from the same period in the prior year.

PeopleScoutsegment performance was as follows:
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
(in thousands, except for percentages)October 1, 2017September 23, 2016 October 1, 2017September 23, 2016
Revenue from services$48,950
$44,480
 $139,407
$135,017
Segment EBITDA10,277
8,358
 29,071
12,527
Percentage of revenue21.0%18.8% 20.9%9.3%


 
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Revenue from services and income from operations associated with our segments were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
 September 23, 2016 September 25, 2015 September 23, 2016 September 25, 2015
Revenue from services  Revenue growth %   Revenue growth %   Revenue growth %   Revenue growth %
Staffing Services$652,617
 (0.6)% $656,619
 7.9% $1,880,730
 4.1% $1,807,434
 24.0%
Managed Services44,480
 62.9% 27,299
 10.0% 134,959
 74.1% 77,513
 212.3%
Total Company$697,097
 1.9% $683,918
 8.0% $2,015,689
 6.9% $1,884,947
 27.1%
                
Income (loss) from operations  % of revenue   % of revenue   % of revenue   % of revenue
Staffing Services$38,720
 5.9% $50,290
 7.7% $8,472
 0.5% $113,353
 6.3%
Managed Services9,260
 20.8% 3,175
 11.6% 15,155
 11.2% 10,979
 14.2%
Depreciation and amortization(11,690)   (10,498)   (34,673)   (31,415)  
Corporate unallocated(8,539)   (9,715)   (29,430)   (28,232)  
Total Company27,751
 4.0% 33,252
 4.9% (40,476) (2.0)% 64,685
 3.4%
Interest and other expense, net(867)   (366)   (2,773)   (1,102)  
Income (loss) before tax expense$26,884
   $32,886
   $(43,249)   $63,583
  

Revenue from services

Staffing Services Revenue

The following table reconciles Staffing Services segment revenues to changes in organic revenue (in thousands, except percentages):
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
 September 23, 2016 September 25, 2015 September 23, 2016 September 25, 2015
 Revenue from services % of Total % Change Revenue from services % of Total Revenue from services % of Total % Change Revenue from services % of Total
Staffing Services Revenue$652,617
 100.0% (0.6)% $656,619
 100.0% $1,880,730
 100.0% 4.1 % $1,807,434
 100.0%
SIMOS Revenue39,610
 6.1% 6.0 % 
 % 112,543
 6.0% 6.3 % 
 %
Organic Revenue$613,007
 93.9% (6.6)% $656,619
 100.0% $1,768,187
 94.0% (2.2)% $1,807,434
 100.0%

Staffing Services revenue declined for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016 and grew for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016. Staffing Services revenue was impacted by the SIMOS acquisition, which contributed 6.0% and 6.3% to our change in revenue for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016, respectively.

Excluding the SIMOS acquisition, organic revenue declined by 6.6% and 2.2% for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016, respectively, as compared to the respective prior year periods. The decline in organic revenue was primarily due to Amazon, our largest customer. Amazon is reducing its use of contingent labor for its warehouse fulfillment centers and distribution sites throughout the United States and is substantially in-sourcing its recruitment and management of contingent labor for its warehousing and distribution. Organic revenue growth, excluding Amazon, declined by approximately 3.3% for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016, and increased by 0.2% for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016, as compared to the respective prior year periods.

Revenue trends further softened throughout the current quarter and continue to be mixed across all the geographies and industries we serve. Modest revenue growth for our small to medium-sized customers was offset by declining revenue trends for our larger national customers. Growth in residential construction and hospitality industries was more than offset by declines in retail, transportation, manufacturing, and service-based industries.


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Managed Services Revenue

The following table reconciles Managed Services segment revenuesPeopleScout Segment EBITDA increased to changes in organic revenue (in thousands):
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
 September 23, 2016 September 25, 2015 September 23, 2016 September 25, 2015
 Revenue from services % of Total % Change Revenue from services % of Total Revenue from services % of Total % Change Revenue from services % of Total
Managed Services$44,480
 100.0% 62.9% $27,299
 100.0% $134,959
 100.0% 74.1% $77,513
 100.0%
RPO business of Aon Hewitt15,863
 35.7% 58.1% 
 % 49,410
 36.6% 63.7% 
 %
Organic Revenue$28,617
 64.3% 4.8% $27,299
 100.0% $85,549
 63.4% 10.4% $77,513
 100.0%

Managed Services revenue growth was primarily due to the acquisition of the RPO business of Aon Hewitt on January 4, 2016, which contributed 58.1% and 63.7% of our revenue growth for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016, respectively.

Excluding the acquisition of the RPO business of Aon Hewitt, organic revenue grew by 4.8% and 10.4% for the thirteen and thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016, respectively, as compared to the respective prior year periods. The organic revenue growth was driven primarily by winning new customers from our pipeline. Our pipeline of opportunities remains strong. Revenue growth from new customers was partially offset by softening demand from existing customers and their caution around increasing permanent employees in a sluggish economy.

Income from Operations

Staffing Services Income from Operations

The following table presents our Staffing Services segment operating income with and without acquisition and goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges for ease of comparability as follows (in thousands):
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
 September 23, 2016 September 25, 2015 September 23, 2016 September 25, 2015
 Income from operations % of revenue % Change Income from operations Income from operations % of revenue % Change Income from operations
Staffing Services$38,720
 5.9% (23.0)% $50,290
 $8,472
 0.5% (92.5)% $113,353
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge4,275
 0.7%   
 88,375
 4.7%   
Staffing Services excluding impairment charge42,995
 6.6% (14.5)% 50,290
 96,847
 5.1% (14.6)% $113,353

Thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016

Staffing Services income from operations declined to $38.7$10 million, or 5.9%21.0% of revenue for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016 from $50.3October 1, 2017, compared to $8 million, or 7.7%18.8% of revenue for the comparablesame period in the prior year period. Income from operations included a non-cashyear. The improved performance is due primarily to new client wins and expanding the scope of services with existing clients together with efficiency gains in the sourcing and recruiting activities.

PeopleScout Segment EBITDA grew to $29 million, or 20.9% of revenue for the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017, compared to $13 million, or 9.3% of revenue for the same period in the prior year. The increases were primarily due to the goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge of $4.3$15 million forin the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016 for the write down of trade names, which was driven by a change to our branding in connection with the consolidation of our retail branch network under a common brand name.
prior period. Excluding the impairment charge, income from operations declined to 6.6% of revenue for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016 compared to 7.7% of revenue for the comparable prior year period. In addition, income from operations included approximately $3.4 million in costs incurred to exit the delivery business of Amazon and certain other realignment costs. Excluding these costs, income from operations was 7.1% as a percent of revenue for the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016. With the current year slowdown in growth, we put in place cost control programs in prior quarters. We have reduced costs in line with our plans. However, continued organic revenue declines outpaced the decline in operating expenses. We will continue to closely monitor and manage our SG&A costs in the current environment to preserve operating income margin.

Thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016

Staffing Services income from operations of $8.5 million, or 0.5% of revenue for the thirty nine weeks ended September 23, 2016 from $113.4 million, or 6.3% of revenue for the comparable prior year period. Income from operations included a non-cash goodwill

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and intangible asset impairment charge, Segment EBITDA as a percentage of $88.4 millionrevenue was 20.5% for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016. The goodwillimproved performance is due primarily to new client wins and intangible asset impairment charge in connection with our annual impairment test, was primarily driven by a change inexpanding the scope of services with Amazon reportedexisting clients together with efficiency gains in April 2016, for our Staff Management | SMX service line, as well as other changes in our future outlook, which reflect recent economic and industry conditions for our PlaneTechs service line. See Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates for further discussion.

Excluding the goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge, income from operations declined to 5.1% of revenue for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016 compared to 6.3% for the comparable prior year period. With the current year slowdown in revenue growth we curtailed investments made in sellingsourcing and recruiting resources for our blue-collar staffing services in the prior year to fuel continued revenue growth experienced in the prior year. In addition, cost control programs commenced in the first quarter and expanded in subsequent quarters. We have reduced SG&A costs in line with our plans and have generated progressively improving operating income margins during the course of the year. We will continue to closely monitor and manage our SG&A costs in the current environment of sluggish revenue growth.

Managed Services Income from Operations

The following table presents our Managed Services segment operating income with and without goodwill and intangible asset impairment for ease of comparability as follows (in thousands):
 Thirteen weeks ended Thirty-nine weeks ended
 September 23, 2016 September 25, 2015 September 23, 2016 September 25, 2015
 Income from operations % of revenue % Change Income from operations Income from operations % of revenue % Change Income from operations
Managed Services$9,260
 20.8% 191.7% $3,175
 $15,155
 11.2% 38.0% $10,979
Goodwill impairment charge
     
 15,169
 11.2%   
Managed services excluding impairment charge$9,260
 20.8% 191.7% $3,175
 $30,324
 22.5% 176.2% $10,979
Managed Services income from operations of $15.2 million for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016, is net of a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $15.2 million recorded in operating expenses in our second fiscal quarter of 2016, in connection with our annual impairment test. The impairment was primarily driven by changes in our future outlook, which reflects recent economic and industry conditions for the hrX service line. See Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates for further discussion.
Excluding the goodwill impairment charge, the increase to income from operations is primarily due to the acquired RPO business of Aon Hewitt and organic revenue growth. The RPO business of Aon Hewitt has been substantially integrated with PeopleScout. The integration will be fully completed during 2016.

activities.
Future outlookFUTURE OUTLOOK
We have limited visibility into future demand for our services. However, we believe there is value in providing highlights of our expectations for future financial performance. The following highlights represent our expectations regarding operating trends for the remainder of fiscal year 2016 and for fiscal 2017. These expectations are subject to revision as our business changes with the overall economy.
Our top priority remainsRevenue has declined during the first three quarters of 2017 primarily due to produce solid organicthe decrease in revenue from our former largest customer and gross profit growthweakness in the residential construction, manufacturing, and leverage our cost structure to increase operating income as a percentage of revenue. However, growth slowed throughout fiscal 2016various other service industries in many of the geographies we serve. Within our staffing businesses, wage growth has accelerated due to various minimum wage increases and industries we serve and gross margin, excluding the favorable impact of acquisitions and sales mix, has been under pressure. We expect further pressure on gross margin into fiscal 2017 with continued customer sensitivitya need for higher wages to price increases for increasing minimum wages, benefitsattract talent in a sluggish economy, and higher contingent worker wages in a tighteningtight labor market. Through disciplined pricing we have made continuous progress throughout the current year to pass through higher costs needed to recruit candidates and regulatory costs.markets. We have alsoincreased bill rates to compensate for the higher wages, payroll burdens, and our traditional mark-up. While we believe our pricing strategy is the right long-term decision, these actions impact our revenue trends in the near term. Additionally, we implemented cost reduction programs in the first quarter,prior year which we expanded during subsequent quarterscontinued in the current year to address revenue declines and preserve operating margin. However, we could see additional pressure on organic revenue trends and expect continued pressure on gross margin as customers look for cost reductions duewithout sacrificing strategic initiatives to tepid economic conditions.drive future growth. We will continue to closely monitor and manage our SG&A costs.
In April 2016,We have re-aligned our business around three distinct segments: PeopleReady, PeopleManagement, and PeopleScout. By simplifying our specialized service offerings and clarifying our branding structure, we were notifiedhave laid the foundation for expanding our cross-selling efforts. PeopleReady performance continues to be impacted by Amazontemporary disruptions from operational changes related to our consolidation of its intentLabor Ready, CLP Resources, and Spartan Staffing into one specialized workforce solutions service in order to reduce its usecreate a more seamless experience for our customers to access all of our blue-color contingent on-demand general and skilled labor for its larger warehouse fulfillment centersservice offerings. We are actively working to complete the transition. We are also sharpening our focus on strategic accounts, developing comprehensive account plans, and building institutional capacity to ingrain cross-selling as part of the TrueBlue culture. These efforts are well underway and we believe will drive favorable results.
Our productivity based solutions within our PeopleManagement segment specialize in the United States and realign the use of its contingent labor vendors. In August 2016, we were further notified by Amazon that it will no longer be using our contingent labor services to help expand its delivery stations to distribute and deliver products directly to customers. As a result, we expect minimal, if any revenue activity in Q4 2016 and beyond for Amazon's delivery stations business. We plan to continue to service Amazon's Canadian fulfillment centers. Amazon is substantially in-sourcing itsexclusive recruitment and on-premise management of contingent labor serviceswarehouse/distribution operations to meet the growing demand for distribution. Amazon is our largest

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customere-commerce and represented $354 million, or 13.1% of total company revenues for fiscal 2015 and $138 million, or 6.8% and $180 million, or 9.6% of total Company revenues for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016 and September 25, 2015, respectively. Management estimates revenues of approximately $30 million for the remainder of 2016.    
The acquisition of SIMOS provides new capabilities that enhance the value proposition of the on-premise staffing business of our Staff Management service line. The SIMOSscalable supply chain solutions. This business model is based on a productivity-based pricing model where the customer outsources a complete work cell to SIMOS. Throughus and through a combination of process redesign and best practices, SIMOS is able towe increase the efficiency of a customer'scustomer’s contingent workforce and align the cost of the workforce with the level of demand within a customer'scustomer’s business. We believe this adds an appealing solution to certain parts of our existing on-premise business as well as opportunities in the broader marketplace. This acquisition is outperforming management's initial expectations.We believe that productivity based solutions will continue to deliver growth with its compelling value proposition.
PeopleScout is a recognized industry leader of RPO services, which are in the early stages of their adoption cycles. The acquisition of the RPO business of Aon Hewitt positions PeopleScout as the leading provider of RPO solutions and accelerates our global RPO strategy. The acquisition added new services and capabilities to better meet our objective of providing customers with talent and flexible workforce solutions they need to enhance business performance. This acquisition is on-pace to exceed management's initial expectations. We expect continued organic growth with a differentiated service that leverages innovative technology for high-volume, scalable sourcing and dedicated client service teams for connecting the best talent to work opportunity, reducing the cost of hiring, and delivering a better outcome for the customer.client. Additionally, we are focused on growth through the disciplined pursuit of international acquisitions to improve win rates on multi-continent deals.
We are committed to technology innovation that makes it easier for our customers to do business with us and easier to connect people towith work. We continue making investments in our online tools and our mobile applicationsapplication ("JobStack") to improve access, speed, and ease of connecting our customers and workers. We began the rollout of the JobStack worker application ("app") earlier this year. The worker functionality is now live in approximately 450 branches, or about 70% of our overall PeopleReady branch network. We began piloting the onboarding of clients to the JobStack client app at the end of Q2 2017 and are receiving positive feedback. We expect these investmentsJobStack will increase the competitive differentiation of our services, expand our reach into new demographics, improve the efficiency of ourboth service delivery and work-order fill rates, and ultimately reduce our dependence on local branches to find contingent associatestemporary workers and connect them with work.
We are transitioning our organizational and reporting structure as we consolidate our Labor Ready, Spartan Staffing, and CLP Resources retail branch network service lines for blue collar contingent labor into one service line with common leadership, sales, recruiting, service, and systems, which will be completed during 2017. The consolidated service line has been re-branded as PeopleReady. We believe this will significantly improve access for our customers in all geographies and industries to our general labor, semi-skilled and skilled contingent labor as well as access for our contingent workers to additional opportunities for work. We believe this will make it substantially easier for both our customers and workers to do business with us and enhance our growth.
The dynamics in the marketplace have been changing and businesses have come to expect our service capability to broaden in each and every brand. Customers want our services to deliver an increasingly wide range of talent. We’re streamlining our brands to ensure that our services expand to meet customer needs, our customers and the workforce we place and manage each day do not miss a beat, and our customers find it easier to do business with us and are ultimately able to rely on us for even more services.
Fiscal 2016 will include a 53rd week that will fall in the fourth quarter. The company's fiscal fourth quarter of 2016 will include a 14th week and the company plans to change its week-ending date from Friday to the following Sunday to better align its week-ending date with that of its customers. This will result in our year-end being the Sunday closest to December 31st every year, with our 2016 fiscal year-end occurring on January 1, 2017.


 
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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS



LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The following discussion highlights our cash flow activities for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016 and September 25, 2015.LIQUIDITY

Cash flows from operating activities
Our cash flows from operating activities were as follows (in thousands):follows:
Thirty-nine weeks endedThirty-nine weeks ended
September 23,
2016
 September 25,
2015
(in thousands)October 1, 2017September 23, 2016
Net income (loss)$(33,338) $43,079
$39,029
$(33,338)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash from operating activities:    
Depreciation and amortization34,673
 31,415
34,650
34,673
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge103,544
 

103,544
Provision for doubtful accounts6,361
 4,483
6,321
6,361
Stock-based compensation7,443
 8,283
6,161
7,443
Deferred income taxes(23,874) (6,029)4,890
(23,874)
Other operating activities5,603
 20
2,563
5,603
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:   
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisition of business: 
Accounts receivable102,722
 (6,597)(34,198)102,722
Income tax receivable4,018
 9,673
12,788
4,018
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses(3,764) 17,453
(784)(3,764)
Accrued wages and benefits(3,254) 10,315
(176)(3,254)
Workers' compensation claims reserve11,938
 10,024
1,985
11,938
Other assets and liabilities1,177
 (1,802)7,392
1,177
Net cash provided by operating activities$213,249
 $120,317
$80,621
$213,249
Net cash provided by operating activities was $213.2$81 million for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016,October 1, 2017, compared to $120.3$213 million for the same period in 2015.  
Net loss of $33.3 million for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016, includes a non-cash goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge of $82.2 million, net of tax. Excluding this charge, net income would have been $48.9 million.prior year.  
The goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge of $103.5$104 million in the prior year was primarily driven by a change in the scope of services with Amazonour former largest customer and the impact of $67.1 million, as well as other changes in our future outlook reflecting recentchanges to economic and industry conditions of $32.2 million. See Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates for further discussion.which lowered future expectations. In addition, it includes a $4.3$4.3 million trade name impairment charge in connection with the consolidation of our retail branch network under a common brand name.
Depreciation and amortization increased over 2015 to $34.7 million primarily due to the amortization of acquired finite-lived intangible assets in connection with the acquisitions of SIMOS and the RPO business of Aon Hewitt.
The change to deferred income taxes is due primarily to the goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge.
The changecharge in accounts receivable is primarily driven by lower revenue growth, slower seasonable build, and improved collections, as compared tothe comparable period in the prior year.
Income taxAccounts receivable followed normal season patterns through the third quarter of 2017 by increasing from the beginning of the year. Our business experiences seasonal fluctuations. Demand for our PeopleReady services is higher during the second and third quarters of the year with demand peaking in the third quarter. In addition, days sales outstanding increased due to revenue mix and slowed collections. Accounts receivable for the comparable prior year period declined primarily due primarily to additional Work Opportunity Tax Credit ("WOTC") refunds realized. Income taxes were reduceda decline in revenue and associated receivables from our former largest customer. The record fourth quarter of fiscal 2015 and seasonal de-leveraging that followed was in large part due to this customer who substantially insourced their recruitment and management of contingent labor for their warehouse fulfillment centers and distribution sites in the United States commencing in the second quarter of fiscal 2016. Revenues from our former largest customer declined by WOTC program benefits. $140 million between the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015 and the third quarter of fiscal 2016. Revenues from our former largest customer declined by $22 million between the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016 and the third quarter of fiscal 2017.
The Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2015, was signed into law on December 18, 2015, retroactively restoring the WOTC program for all of 2015 through 2019. This tax credit is designed to encourage employers to hire workers from certain targeted groups with higher than average unemployment rates.
Accountsdecline in accounts payable and other accrued expenses decreasedis primarily due to volume of activity fromcost control programs together with normal seasonal patterns and timing of payments.
The decrease was significantly more than that of the comparable perioddecline in the prior yearaccrued wages and benefits is primarily due to a record peak in our normal seasonal patterns and accelerated vendor payments to facilitate the transitionlower volume of the acquired Seaton operationsactivity from revenue declines, which require reductions in the fourth quarter of 2015.flex workforce to align with client volume changes.
Generally, our workers’ compensation claims reserve for estimated claims increases as contingent labor services increase and decreases as contingent labor services decline.

 
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Accrued wages and benefits decreased primarily due to reductions in the flex workforce to align with client volume changes.
Generally, our workers' compensation claims reserve for estimated claims increases as temporary labor services increase and decreases as temporary labor services decline. During the current periodsecond quarter of 2017, we paid $23 million relating to the contingent consideration associated with our workers' compensation claims reserve increasedacquisition of SIMOS. The payment included $18 million related to the final purchase price fair value, which is reflected in cash flows used in financing activities. The remaining balance of $4 million is recognized in cash flows used in operating activities as the delivery of temporary labor services increased,a decrease in Other assets and was partially offset by claim payments.liabilities.

Cash flows from investing activities
Our cash flows from investing activities were as follows (in thousands):follows:
Thirty-nine weeks endedThirty-nine weeks ended
September 23,
2016
 September 25,
2015
(in thousands)October 1, 2017September 23, 2016
Capital expenditures$(17,766) $(12,590)$(16,303)$(17,766)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired(71,863) 
Sales and maturities of marketable securities
 1,500
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired
(71,863)
Change in restricted cash and investments(22,935) (14,701)(12,350)(22,935)
Net cash used in investing activities$(112,564) $(25,791)$(28,653)$(112,564)
Cash flowsNet cash used in investing activities were $112.6was $29 million for the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017, compared to $113 million for the same period in the prior year.
Cash used in investing activities of $72 million for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016, compared to $25.8 million for the same period in 2015.
Cash used in investing activities of $71.9 million in 2016, was for the acquisition of the RPO business of Aon Hewitt, effective January 4, 2016.
Restricted cash and investments consists primarily of collateral that has been provided or pledged to insurance carriers and state workers’ compensation programs. The change in restricted cash and investments increased to $22.9 million. This increaseused in investing activities was primarily due to an increasea decrease in collateral requirements paid to our workers'workers’ compensation insurance providers.providers due to a decline in contingent labor services, as well as the timing of collateral payments.

Cash flows from financing activities

Our cash flows from financing activities were as follows (in thousands):follows:
Thirty-nine weeks endedThirty-nine weeks ended
September 23,
2016
 September 25,
2015
(in thousands)October 1, 2017September 23, 2016
Purchases and retirement of common stock$(29,371)$
Net proceeds from stock option exercises and employee stock purchase plans$1,183
 $1,164
1,179
1,183
Common stock repurchases for taxes upon vesting of restricted stock(2,692) (3,725)(2,956)(2,692)
Net change in revolving credit facility(104,586) (85,994)
Net change in Revolving Credit Facility(1,099)(104,586)
Payments on debt and other liabilities(1,700) (1,700)(1,700)(1,700)
Payment of contingent consideration at acquisition date fair value(18,300)
Other20
 1,134

20
Net cash used in financing activities$(107,775) $(89,121)$(52,247)$(107,775)
Cash flows
Net cash used in financing activities were $107.8was $52 million for the thirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016,October 1, 2017, compared to $89.1$108 million for the same period in 2015.the prior year

Purchases and retirement of common stock totaled $29 million under our prior share repurchase program during the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017. On September 15, 2017, our Board of Directors authorized a new $100 million share repurchase program of our outstanding common stock. The share repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock and does not have an expiration date. There have been no repurchases under this new program through the period ending October 1, 2017.

Payment of $23 million related to contingent consideration during the thirty-nine weeks ended October 1, 2017 was made in connection with the acquisition of SIMOS. The total contingent consideration payment included $18 million related to the final purchase price fair value, which is reflected in cash flows used in financing activities. The remaining balance of $4 million is recognized in cash flows used in operating activities as a decrease in Other assets and liabilities.


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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS



The net change in revolving credit facility activities arethe Revolving Credit Facility in the prior year is due to repayments on our Revolving Credit Facility. See Note 8: Long-term Debt, to our Consolidated Financial Statements found in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for details of our Revolving Credit Facility.
repayments.

Future outlook

Our cash-generating capability provides us with financial flexibility in meeting our operating and investing needs. Our current financial position is highlighted as follows:

Our Revolving Credit Facility of up to a maximum of $300.0$300 million expires on June 30, 2019. The Revolving Credit Facility is an asset backed facility, which is secured by a pledge of substantially all of the assets of TrueBlue, Inc. and material U.S.

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domestic subsidiaries. The additional amount available to borrow at September 23, 2016,October 1, 2017 was $154.6$118 million. We believe the Revolving Credit Facility provides adequate borrowing availability.

We had cash and cash equivalents of $24.8$35 million at September 23, 2016. We expect to continue to apply excess cash towards the outstanding balance on our Revolving Credit Facility.October 1, 2017.

The majority of our workers’ compensation payments are made from restricted cash rather than cash from operations. At September 23, 2016,October 1, 2017, we had restricted cash and investments totaling $213.0$244 million.

We believe that cash provided from operations and our capital resources will be adequate to meet our cash requirements for the foreseeable future.
CAPITAL RESOURCES

Revolving credit facility

Effective June 30, 2014, we entered into a Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement for a secured revolving credit facility of $300 million with Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, HSBC and PNC Capital resources
Markets LLC ("Revolving Credit Facility"). The Revolving Credit Facility,
See Note 8: Long-term Debt, which matures June 30, 2019, amended and restated our previous credit facility. The maximum amount we can borrow under the Revolving Credit Facility is subject to our Consolidated Financial Statements found in Item 1certain borrowing limits. Specifically, we are limited to the sum of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for details90% of our eligible billed accounts receivable, plus 85% of our eligible unbilled accounts receivable limited to 15% of all our eligible receivables, plus the value of our Tacoma headquarters office building.The borrowing limit is further reduced by the sum of a reserve in an amount equal to the payroll and payroll taxes for our temporary employees for one payroll cycle and certain other reserves, if deemed applicable. The additional amount available to borrow at October 1, 2017 was $118 million. We are currently in compliance with all covenants related to the Revolving Credit Facility.

Restricted Cashcash and Investmentsinvestments

Restricted cash and investments consist principally of collateral that has been provided or pledged to insurance carriers for workers'workers’ compensation and state workers'workers’ compensation programs. Our insurance carriers and certain state workers'workers’ compensation programs require us to collateralize a portion of our workers'workers’ compensation obligation. We have agreements with certain financial institutions that allow us to restrict cash and cash equivalents and investments for the purpose of providing collateral instruments to our insurance carriers to satisfy workers'workers’ compensation claims. At September 23, 2016,October 1, 2017, we had restricted cash and investments totaling $213.0$244 million. The majority of our collateral obligations are held in a trust at the Bank of New York Mellon ("Trust"). See Note 43:: Restricted Cash and Investments, to our Consolidated Financial Statements found in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for details of our Restricted Cashrestricted cash and Investments.investments.
We established investment policy directives for the Trust with the first priority to preserve capital, second to ensure sufficient liquidity to pay workers'workers’ compensation claims, secondthird to maintaindiversify the investment portfolio, and ensure a high degree of liquidity, and thirdfourth to maximize after-tax returns. Trust investments must meet minimum acceptable quality standards. The primary investments include U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. agency debentures, U.S. agency mortgages, corporate securities, and municipal securities. For those investments rated by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations the minimum ratings at time of purchase are:
 S&PMoody'sFitch
Short-term ratingA-1/SP-1P-1/MIG-1F-1
Long-term ratingAA-A2A

 
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A3
A-
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS



Workers’ compensation insurance, collateral and claims reserves
Workers'
Workers’ compensation insurance

We provide workers’ compensation insurance for our temporary and permanent employees. The majority of our current workers’ compensation insurance policies cover claims for a particular event above a $2.0$2 million deductible limit, on a “per occurrence” basis and accordingly, we are substantially self-insured.
For workers’ compensation claims originating in Washington, North Dakota, Ohio, Wyoming, Canada and Puerto Rico (our “monopolistic jurisdictions”), we pay workers’ compensation insurance premiums and obtain full coverage under government-administered programs (with the exception of our Labor ReadyPeopleReady service linelines in the state of Ohio where we have a self-insured policy). Accordingly, because we are not the primary obligor, our financial statements do not reflect the liability for workers’ compensation claims in these monopolistic jurisdictions.
Workers'
Workers’ compensation collateral

Our insurance carriers and certain state workers’ compensation programs require us to collateralize a portion of our workers’ compensation obligation, for which they become responsible should we become insolvent. The collateral typically takes the form of cash and cash-backed instruments, highly rated investment grade securities, letters of credit, and/or surety bonds. On a regular basis, these entities assess the amount of collateral they will require from us relative to our workers’ compensation obligation.

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Such amounts can increase or decrease independent of our assessments and reserves. We generally anticipate that our collateral commitments will continue to grow as we grow our business. We pay our premiums and deposit our collateral in installments. The majority of the restricted cash and investments collateralizing our self-insured workers'workers’ compensation policies are held in the Trust.
Our total collateral commitments were made up of the following components for the fiscal period end dates presented (in thousands):presented:
September 23, 2016 December 25, 2015
Cash collateral held by workers' compensation insurance carriers$26,532
 $23,133
(in thousands)October 1, 2017January 1, 2017
Cash collateral held by workers’ compensation insurance carriers$28,343
$28,066
Cash and cash equivalents held in Trust21,101
 26,046
30,666
32,841
Investments held in Trust148,811
 126,788
163,270
146,517
Letters of credit (1)4,520
 4,520
7,748
7,982
Surety bonds (2)19,327
 17,946
19,524
20,440
Total collateral commitments$220,291
 $198,433
$249,551
$235,846
(1)We have agreements with certain financial institutions to issue letters of credit as collateral.
(2)Our surety bonds are issued by independent insurance companies on our behalf and bear annual fees based on a percentage of the bond, which is determined by each independent surety carrier. These fees do not exceed 2.0% of the bond amount, subject to a minimum charge. The terms of these bonds are subject to review and renewal every one to four years and most bonds can be canceled by the sureties with as little as 60 days'days’ notice.

Workers'Workers’ compensation reserve

The following table provides a reconciliation of our collateral commitments to our workers’ compensation reserve as of the fiscal period end dates presented (in thousands):presented:
September 23, 2016 December 25, 2015
(in thousands)October 1, 2017January 1, 2017
Total workers’ compensation reserve$278,218
 $266,280
$279,335
$277,351
Add back discount on workers' compensation reserve (1)18,381
 18,026
Add back discount on workers’ compensation reserve (1)16,634
14,818
Less excess claims reserve (2)(55,648) (49,026)(50,655)(52,930)
Reimbursable payments to insurance provider (3)5,188
 10,610
14,736
10,193
Less portion of workers' compensation not requiring collateral (4)(25,848) (47,457)
Less portion of workers’ compensation not requiring collateral (4)(10,499)(13,586)
Total collateral commitments$220,291
 $198,433
$249,551
$235,846
(1)Our workers’ compensation reserves are discounted to their estimated net present value while our collateral commitments are based on the gross, undiscounted reserve.
(2)Excess claims reserve includes the estimated obligation for claims above our deductible limits. These are the responsibility of the insurance carriers against which there are no collateral requirements.

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS



(3)This amount is included in restricted cash and represents a timing difference between claim payments made by our insurance carrier and the reimbursement from cash held in the Trust. When claims are paid by our carrier, the amount is removed from the workers'workers’ compensation reserve but not removed from collateral until reimbursed to the carrier.
(4)Represents deductible and self-insured reserves where collateral is not required.
Our workers’ compensation reserve is established using estimates of the future cost of claims and related expenses, which are discounted to their estimated net present value. We discount our workers'workers’ compensation liability as we believe the estimated future cash outflows are readily determinable. The discounted workers’ compensation claims reserve was $278.2 million at September 23, 2016.
Our workers'workers’ compensation reserve for deductible and self-insured claims is established using estimates of the future cost of claims and related expenses that have been reported but not settled, as well as those that have been incurred but not reported. Reserves are estimated for claims incurred in the current year, as well as claims incurred during prior years.
Management evaluates the adequacy of the workers’ compensation reserves in conjunction with an independent quarterly actuarial assessment. Factors considered in establishing and adjusting these reserves include, among other things:
changes in medical and time loss (“indemnity”) costs;
changes in mix between medical only and indemnity claims;
regulatory and legislative developments impacting benefits and settlement requirements;

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type and location of work performed;
the impact of safety initiatives; and
positive or adverse development of claims.
Our workers’ compensation claims reserves are discounted to their estimated net present value using discount rates based on returns of “risk-free” U.S. Treasury instruments with maturities comparable to the weighted average lives of our workers’ compensation claims. At September 23, 2016,October 1, 2017, the weighted average discount rate was 1.7%1.6%. The claim payments are made over an estimated weighted average period of approximately 54.5 years.
Our workers’ compensation reserves include estimated expenses related to claims above our self-insured limits (“excess claims”), and a corresponding receivable for the insurance coverage on excess claims based on the contractual policy agreements we have with insurance carriers. We discount this reserve and corresponding receivable to its estimated net present value using the discount rates based on average returns of “risk-free” U.S. Treasury instruments available during the year in which the liability was incurred. At September 23, 2016,October 1, 2017, the weighted average rate was 2.1%2.4%. The claim payments are made and the corresponding reimbursements from our insurance carriers are received over an estimated weighted average period of approximately 1615 years. The discounted workers’ compensation reserve for excess claims and the corresponding receivable for the insurance on excess claims were $55.6$51 million and $49.0$53 million as of September 23, 2016October 1, 2017 and December 25, 2015,January 1, 2017, respectively.

Certain workers’ compensation insurance companies with which we formerly did business are in liquidation and have failed to pay a number of excess claims to date. We have recorded a valuation allowance against substantially all of the insurance receivables from the insurance companies in liquidation.

We continue to actively manage workers’ compensation expense through the safety of our temporary workers with our safety programs and actively control costs with our network of service providers. These actions have had a positive impact creating favorable adjustments to workers’ compensation liabilities recorded in prior periods. Continued favorable adjustments to our workers'workers’ compensation liabilities are dependent on our ability to continue to aggressively lower accident rates and costs of our claims. We expect diminishing favorable adjustments to our workers'workers’ compensation liabilities as the opportunity for significant reduction to frequency and severity of accident rates diminishes.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND COMMITMENTS

There have been no material changes during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, outside of the ordinary course of our business, to the contractual obligations specified in the table of contractual obligations included in Part II, “Item 7. Management’sItem 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 25, 2015.January 1, 2017.


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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS



SUMMARY OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Our critical accounting estimates are discussed in Part II, “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations; Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 25, 2015.January 1, 2017. The following has been updated to reflect the results of our annual goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment analysis.

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets

We evaluate goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis as of the first day of our second fiscal quarter, and more frequently if an event occurswhenever events or circumstances changemake it more likely than not that would indicatean impairment may exist.have occurred. These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition, customer engagement, or sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit. We monitor the existence of potential impairment indicators throughout the fiscal year.

Goodwill

Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in business combinations. If necessary, we reassign goodwill using a relative fair value allocation approach. We test for goodwill impairment at the reporting unit level. We consider our service lines to be our reporting units for goodwill impairment testing. Our service lines are Labor Ready, Spartan Staffing, CLP Resources,PeopleReady, PlaneTechs, Centerline Drivers, Staff Management, | SMX, SIMOS, PeopleScout, hrX, and Staff Management (MSP).PeopleScout MSP. The impairment test involves comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. Fair value reflects the price a market participant would be willing to pay in a potential sale of the reporting unit. If the

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fair value exceeds carrying value, we conclude that no goodwill impairment has occurred. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, a second step is required to measure possible goodwill impairment loss. The second step includes hypothetically valuing the tangible and intangible assets and liabilities of the reporting unit as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. The implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is compared to the carrying value of that goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill, we recognize an impairment loss in an amount equal to the excess, not to exceed the carrying value.

Annual Impairment Testvalue of the goodwill.

Determining the fair value of a reporting unit involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions to evaluate the impact of operational and macroeconomic changes on each reporting unit. The fair value of each reporting unit is estimated using ana weighted average of the income and market valuation approaches. The income approach and applies a fair value methodology based on discounted cash flows. This analysis requires significant estimates and judgments, including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term rate of growth for our business, estimation of the useful life over which cash flows will occur, and determination of our weighted average cost of capital, which is risk-adjusted to reflect the specific risk profile of the reporting unit being tested. Our weighted average cost of capital for our most recent annual impairment test was risk-adjusted to reflect the specific risk profile of the reporting units and ranged from 12%11.5% to 17%12.0%. We also apply a market approach, which identifies similar publicly traded companies and develops a correlation, referred to as a multiple, to apply to the operating results of the reporting units. The primary market multiples to which we compare are revenue and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. The income and market approaches were equally weighted in our most recent annual impairment test. These combined fair values are reconciled to our aggregate market value of our shares of common stock outstanding on the date of valuation, resulting in a reasonable control premium. We base fair value estimates on assumptions we believe to be reasonable but that are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. Actual future results may differ from those estimates. We consider a reporting unit’s fair value to be substantially in excess of its carrying value at a 20% premium or greater.

We performed our annual goodwill impairment analysis and recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $65.9 million with respect to the Staff Management | SMX, PlaneTechs, and hrX reporting units as follows:

Staff Management | SMX - The service line provides exclusive recruitment and on-premise management of a facility’s contingent workforce and represents approximately 28% of total annual company revenue for our fiscal year 2015. In April 2016, we were notified by our largest customer, Amazon, and reported in our first quarter Form 10-Q of fiscal 2016 its plans to reduce the use of contingent labor and realign its contingent labor vendors for warehousing. Amazon announced it would be reducing the use of our services for its warehouse fulfillment centers in the United States and focusing our services on its planned expansion of distribution service sites to a national network for delivery direct to the customer. Amazon represented approximately $354 million, or 13.1%, of total company revenues for the fiscal year ended December 25, 2015 and $106 million, or 8.0%, of total company revenues for the twenty-six weeks ended June 24, 2016, and $125 million, or 10.4%, for the comparable period in the prior year. We estimated that the change in scope of our services would decrease revenues for the remainder of 2016 by approximately $125 million, compared to the prior year. As a result, we lowered our future expectations, which triggered a goodwill impairment of $33.7 million.

PlaneTechs - This service line provides skilled mechanics and technicians primarily to the aviation industry representing approximately 3% of total annual company revenue for fiscal 2015. Year to date revenues have declined in excess of 30% compared to the prior year as significant projects have completed for a major aviation customer and their supply chain. There are no significant projects in the pipeline. PlaneTechs has been transitioning from providing services to one primary customer without offsetting growth in the broader aviation and transportation marketplace. As a result of significantly underperforming against current year expectations and increased future uncertainty, we lowered our future expectations, which triggered a goodwill impairment of $17.0 million.

hrX - This service line provides recruitment process outsourcing (“RPO”) services to the Australian market and sales of our internally developed applicant tracking software (“ATS”) representing on a combined basis less than 1% of total annual company revenue for fiscal 2015. Actual stand-alone ATS sales and service were $3.4 million for fiscal 2015 and have recently declined. ATS sales and prospects have underperformed against our expectations. As a result of under performing against our current year expectations and increased future uncertainty in customer demand, we lowered our future expectations, which triggered a goodwill impairment of $15.2 million.

Based on our annual goodwill impairment analysis we determined that SIMOS and PeopleScouttest performed as of the first day of our second quarter of fiscal 2017, all reporting units’ fair values were not substantially in excess of their respective carrying values.


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The estimated fair value of Accordingly, no impairment loss was recognized. Based on our test performed in the SIMOS reporting unit was in excess of its carrying value by approximately 9% as of the assessment date, which is primarily due to the proximity of the goodwill impairment assessment date to the recent acquisition date of SIMOS on December 1, 2015. The SIMOS reporting unit has goodwill of $34.5 million. A discount rate of 13% was used in calculating the fair value of this reporting unit. In the event that the discount rate increases by 1%, or the forecasted revenue growth rate declines by approximately 3%, or gross margin as a percentage of revenue declines by approximately 1%, the carrying value of the reporting unit would exceed its fair value. Should any one of these events occur,prior year, we would be required to measure for possible goodwill impairment. We will continue to monitor the operational performance of this newly acquired reporting unit as it relates to goodwill impairment.

The estimated fair value of the PeopleScout reporting unit was in excess of its carrying value by approximately 12% as of the assessment date. The PeopleScout reporting unit has goodwill of $103.6 million. A discount rate of 12% was used in calculating the fair value of this reporting unit. In the event that the discount rate increases by 1%, or the forecasted revenue growth rate declines by approximately 2%, or gross margin as a percentage of revenue declines by approximately 1%, the carrying value of the reporting unit would exceed its fair value. Should any one of these events occur, we would be required to measure for possible goodwill impairment. We will continue to monitor the operational performance of this newly acquired reporting unit as it relates to goodwill impairment.

In the second quarter of fiscal 2016, we finalized the changes to the organizational and reporting structure of our PeopleScout and hrX service lines. As a result, we have combined these service lines and they no longer represent separate operating units.

Interim Impairment Test

In August 2016, we were notified by Amazon that it will no longer be using our contingent labor services to help expand its delivery stations to distribute and deliver its products directly to its customers. As a result, we expect minimal, if any, revenue activity in Q4 2016 and beyond for Amazon's delivery stations business. We plan to continue to service Amazon's Canadian fulfillment centers. The loss of providing contingent labor services to expand Amazon's delivery stations was deemed to be a triggering event for purposes of assessing goodwill and the customer relationship definite-lived intangible asset for impairment during the third quarter of 2016. Accordingly we performedrecorded a goodwill impairment test for our Staff Management | SMX reporting unit using a blended income and market approach. Considerable management judgment was necessary to determine key assumptions, including estimated future revenues and discount rate. We estimated future Amazon revenues of approximately $30 million for 2017 and modest growth rates thereafter. We used a higher discount rate of 25% for Amazon due to the uncertainties associated with this customer which resulted in a blended discount rate of 15% for Staff Management | SMX.

Determining the fair value of our Staff Management | SMX reporting unit is judgmental in nature and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions to evaluate the impact of recent changes. The fair value of this reporting unit is estimated using a combination of a discounted cash flow methodology and the market valuation approach using publicly traded company multiples in similar businesses. This analysis required significant judgments, including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term rate of growth for our business, estimation of the useful life over which cash flows will occur, and determination of our weighted average cost of capital, which is risk-adjusted to reflect the specific risk profile of this reporting unit.

The estimated fair value of our Staff Management | SMX reporting unit was in excess of its carrying value by 20%. This reporting unit also continues to include limited services to Amazon. As such, we believe this reporting unit carries more risk of future impairment when compared to our other reporting units. In the event the forecasted gross margin as a percentage of revenue declines by less than 1% or the discount rate increases by approximately 6%, the carrying value of our Staff Management | SMX reporting unit would exceed its fair value. In that event, we would be required to measure for possible goodwill impairment. Should Amazon discontinue the use of our services entirely and the rest of Staff Management | SMX continues to perform in line with management's current expectations and valuation assumptions, this would not result in a goodwill impairment, however it would reduce the excess estimated fair value of this reporting unit over its carrying value to be less than 20%. The Staff Management | SMX reporting unit has goodwill of $10.6 million as of September 23, 2016. We will continue to closely monitor the operational performance of the Staff Management | SMX reporting unit as it relates to goodwill impairment.

At the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2016, we finalized the changes to the organizational and reporting structure of our Labor Ready, Spartan Staffing, and CLP Resources service lines. The combined service lines were re-branded as PeopleReady. As a result, we have combined these service lines into one and have recognized an impairment charge of $4.3$66 million for the remaining net book value of the Spartan and CLP Resources trade name/trademarks intangible assets as ofthirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016.


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Indefinite-lived intangible assets

We have indefinite-lived intangible assets related to our Staff Management | SMX and PeopleScout trade names. We test our trade names annually for impairment, and when indicationsindicators of potential impairment exist. We utilize the relief from royalty method to determine the fair value of each of our trade names. If the carrying value exceeds the fair value, we recognize an impairment loss in an amount equal to the excess, not to exceed the carrying value. Management uses considerable judgment to determine key assumptions, including projected revenue, royalty rates, and appropriate discount rates.

We performed our annual indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment test as of the first day of our second quarter of fiscal quarter2017 and determined that the estimated fair values exceeded the carrying amounts for both of the PeopleScout reporting unitour indefinite-lived trade name and accordinglynames. Accordingly, no impairment loss was recognized. WithBased on our test performed in the change in scope of services to Amazon, our largest customer, Staff Management | SMX reporting unit's estimated fair value did not exceed its carrying value and accordingly,prior year, we recognizedrecorded an impairment losscharge of $4.5$5 million infor the thirteenthirty-nine weeks ended June 24,September 23, 2016.


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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS



Acquired Intangible Assetsintangible assets and Other Long-Lived Assetsother long-lived assets

We generally record acquired intangible assets that have finite useful lives, such as customer relationships, in connection with business combinations. We review intangible assets that have finite useful lives and other long-lived assets whenever an event or change in circumstances indicates that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. Factors considered important that could result in an impairment review include, but are not limited to, significant underperformance relative to historical or planned operating results, or significant changes in business strategies. We estimate the recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to the future undiscounted cash flows that we expect the asset to generate. An impairment loss is recognized when the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset plus net proceeds expected from disposition of the asset (if any) are less than the carrying value of the asset. When an impairment loss is recognized, the carrying amount of the asset is reduced to its estimated fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or other valuation techniques. WithBased on our review in the change in scope of services by Staff Management | SMX to our largest customer, Amazon,prior year, we have lowered our future expectations, which was the primary trigger ofrecorded an impairment to our acquired trade names/trademarks intangible assets of $4 million during the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016, and also recorded an impairment to our customer relationships intangible assetassets of $28.9 million. Considerable management judgment was necessary to determine key assumptions, including projected revenue and an appropriate discount rate$29 million during the first half of 13%. Actual future results could vary from our estimates.2016.
NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
See Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Item 3.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk are discussed in Part II, Item 7A, "Quantitative“Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 25, 2015.January 1, 2017.
Item 4.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that material information required to be disclosed in our periodic reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission'sSEC’s rules and forms. Our disclosure controls and procedures are also designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO")principal executive officer and our Chief Financial Officer ("CFO")principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

WeDuring the third quarter of fiscal 2017, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEOChief Executive Officer and CFO,our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of theour disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our CEOChief Executive Officer and CFOChief Financial Officer concluded that as of September 23, 2016, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.were effective, as of October 1, 2017.

During the fiscal quarter ended September 23, 2016, thereThere were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during our most recently completed fiscal quarter that materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect internal control over financial reporting.


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The certifications required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 are filed as exhibits 31.1 and 31.2, respectively, to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

 
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.    
Item 1.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See Note 9:5: Commitments and Contingencies, to our Consolidated Financial Statements found in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Item 1A.RISK FACTORS
Investing in our securities involves risk. The following risk factors and all other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be considered in evaluating our future prospects. If any of the events described below occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, or access to the capital markets could be materially and adversely affected.
Our workforce solutions and services are significantly affected by fluctuations in general economic conditions.
The demand for workforce solutions and services is highly dependent upon the state of the economy and upon the workforce needs of our customers, which creates uncertainty and volatility. As economic activity slows, companies tend to reduce their use of contingenttemporary workers and reduce their recruitment of new employees. Significant declines in demand of any region or specific industry in which we have a major presence may severely reduce the demand for our services and thereby significantly decrease our revenues and profits. Deterioration in economic conditions or the financial or credit markets could also have an adverse impactsimpact on our customers'customers’ ability to pay for services we have already provided.
It is difficult for us to forecast future demand for our services due to the inherent uncertainty in forecasting the direction and strength of economic cycles and the project nature of our staffing assignments. The uncertainty can be exacerbated by volatile economic conditions, which may cause clients to reduce or defer projects for which they utilize our services. The negative impact to our business can occur before a decline in economic activity is seen in the broader economy. When it is difficult for us to accurately forecast future demand, we may not be able to determine the optimal level of personnel and investment necessary to profitably take advantage of growth opportunities.
OurWe may be unable to attract sufficient qualified candidates to meet the needs of our customers.
We compete to meet our customers’ needs for workforce solutions and, servicestherefore, we must continually attract qualified candidates to fill positions. Attracting qualified candidates depends on factors such as desirability of the assignment, location, and the associated wages and other benefits. We have in the past experienced shortages of qualified candidates and we may experience such shortages in the future. Further, if there is a shortage, the cost to employ or recruit these individuals could increase. If we are unable to pass those costs through to our customers, it could materially and adversely affect our business. Organized labor periodically engages in efforts to represent various groups of our temporary workers. If we are subject to unreasonable collective bargaining agreements or work disruptions, our business could be adversely affected.
Our workforce solutions are subject to extensive government regulation and the imposition of additional regulations that could materially harm our future earnings.
Our workforce solutions and services are subject to extensive regulation. The cost to comply, and any inability to comply with government regulation, could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results. Increased government regulation of the workplace or of the employer-employee relationship, or judicial or administrative proceedings related to such regulation, could materially harm our business.
Our temporary staffing services employ contingenttemporary workers. The wage rates we pay to temporary workers are based on many factors including government mandated minimum wage requirements, payroll taxes, and benefits. If we are not able to increase the fees charged to customers to absorb any increased costs related to government mandated minimum wages, payroll-related taxes, andor benefits, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
We offer our temporary workers in the United States government mandated health insurance in compliance with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively, the “ACA”). Because the final requirements, regulations, and interpretations of the ACA may change, the ultimate financial effect of the ACA is not yet known, and changes in these requirements and interpretations could increase or change our costs. In addition, because of the uncertainty surrounding a potential repeal or replacement of the ACA, we cannot predict with any certainty the likely impact of the ACA’s repeal or the adoption of any other health care reform legislation on our financial condition or operating results. Whether or not there is a change in health care legislation in the U.S., there is likely to be significant disruption to the health care

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market in the future, and the costs of our health care expenditures may increase. If we are unable to comply with such additional changes to the ACA, or any future health care legislation in the U.S., or sufficiently raise the rates we charge our customers to cover any additional costs, such increases in costs could materially harm our business.
We may incur employment related claims and costs that could materially harm our business.
We are in the business of employing people and placing them in the workplaces of other businesses. We incur a risk of liability for claims for personal injury, wage and hour violations, immigration, discrimination, harassment, and other liabilities arising from the actions of our customers andand/or temporary workers. Some or all of these claims may give rise to negative publicity, and/litigation, settlements, or litigation, including class action litigation. Ainvestigations. We may incur costs, charges or other material adverse impactimpacts on our financial statements could occur for the period in which the effect of an unfavorable final outcome becomes probable and can be reasonably estimated.
We maintain insurance with respect to certainsome potential claims and costs.costs with deductibles. We cannot be certain that our insurance will be available, or if available, will be in sufficient amount or scope to cover all claims that may be asserted against us. Should the ultimate judgments or settlements exceed our insurance coverage, they could have a material effect on our business. We cannot be certain we will be

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able to obtain appropriate types or levels of insurance in the future, that adequate replacement policies will be available on acceptable terms, or at all, or that the companies from which we have obtained insurance will be able to pay claims we make under such policies.
We are dependent on workers'workers’ compensation insurance coverage at commercially reasonable terms. Unexpected changes in claim trends on our workers'workers’ compensation may negatively impact our financial condition.
Our temporary staffing services employ contingent workers for which we provide workers'workers’ compensation insurance. Our workers'workers’ compensation insurance policies are renewed annually. The majority of our insurance policies are with AIG. Our insurance carriers require us to collateralize a significant portion of our workers'workers’ compensation obligation. The majority of collateral is held in trust by a third-party for the payment of these claims. The loss or decline in value of the collateral could require us to seek additional sources of capital to pay our workers'workers’ compensation claims. We cannot be certain we will be able to obtain appropriate types or levels of insurance in the future or that adequate replacement policies will be available on acceptable terms. As our business grows or if our financial results deteriorate, the amount of collateral required will likely increase and the timing of providing collateral could be accelerated. Resources to meet these requirements may not be available. The loss of our workers'workers’ compensation insurance coverage would prevent us from doingoperating as a staffing services business in the majority of our markets. Further, we cannot be certain that our current and former insurance carriers will be able to pay claims we make under such policies.
We self-insure, or otherwise bear financial responsibility for, a significant portion of expected losses under our workers'workers’ compensation program. Unexpected changes in claim trends, including the severity and frequency of claims, changes in state laws regarding benefit levels and allowable claims, actuarial estimates, or medical cost inflation, could result in costs that are significantly different than initially reported. There can be no assurance that we will be able to increase the fees charged to our customers in a timely manner and in a sufficient amount to cover increased costs as a result of any changes in claims-related liabilities.
We actively manage the safety of our temporary workers with our safety programs and actively control costs with our network of workers’ compensation related service providers. These activities have had a positive impact creating favorable adjustments to workers’ compensation liabilities recorded in prior periods. The benefit of these adjustments has been declining and there can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to reduce accident rates and control costs to produce these results in the future.
We operate in a highly competitive industry and may be unable to retain customers or market share.
Our industry is highly competitive and rapidly innovating, with low barriers to entry. Our competition includes large, well-financed competitors, small local competitors, internet-based companies, and mobile-enabled solutions providing a variety of flexible workforce solutions. We expect the increased use of internet-based and mobile technology will attract additional technology-oriented companies and resources to the staffing industry. Our customers may demand technological changes in the development or implementation of our services. We face extensive pricing pressure and must continue to invest in new technology and industry developments while we innovate changes in the way we do business in order to remain relevant to our customers. Therefore, there can be no assurance that we will be able to retain customers or market share in the future, nor can there be any assurance that we will, in light of competitive pressures, be able to remain profitable or maintain our current profit margins.
Our level of debt and restrictions in our credit agreement could negatively affect our operations and limit our liquidity and our ability to react to changes in the economy.
Extensions of credit under our Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement as amended ("Revolving Credit Facility") are permitted based on a borrowing base, which is an agreed percentage of eligible accounts receivable and an agreed percentage of the appraised value of our Tacoma headquarters building, less required reserves and other adjustments. If the amount

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or quality of our accounts receivable deteriorates, then our ability to borrow under the Revolving Credit Facility will be directly affected. Our lenders can impose additional conditions which may reduce the amounts available to us under the Revolving Credit Facility.
Our principal sources of liquidity are funds generated from operating activities, available cash and cash equivalents, and borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility. We must have sufficient sources of liquidity to meet our working capital requirements, fund our workers'workers’ compensation collateral requirements, service our outstanding indebtedness, and finance investment opportunities. Without sufficient liquidity, we could be forced to curtail our operations or we may not be able to pursue promising business opportunities.
Our Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan Agreement contain restrictive covenants that require us to maintain certain financial conditions. Our failure to comply with these restrictive covenants could result in an event of default, which, if not cured or waived, could result in our being required to repay these borrowings before their due date. We may not have sufficient funds on hand to repay these loans, and if we are forced to refinance these borrowings on less favorable terms, or are unable to refinance at all, our results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected by increased costs and rates.
Our increased debt levels could have significant consequences for the operation of our business including: requiring us to dedicate a significant portion of our cash flow from operations to servicing our debt rather than using it for our operations; limiting our ability to obtain additional debt financing for future working capital, capital expenditures, or other corporate purposes; limiting our ability to take advantage of significant business opportunities, such as acquisition opportunities; limiting our ability to react to changes in market or industry conditions; and putting us at a disadvantage compared to competitors with less debt.
Acquisitions and new business initiatives may have an adverse effect on our business.
We expect to continue making acquisitions and entering into new business initiatives as part of our business strategy. This strategy may be impeded, however, if we cannot identify suitable acquisition candidates or new business initiatives, or if acquisition candidates are not available under acceptable terms. Future acquisitions could result in incurring additional debt, and contingent

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liabilities, an increase in interest expense, amortization expense, and charges related to integration costs. New business initiative can be distracting to our management and disruptive to our operations, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Acquisitions and new business initiatives, including initiatives outside of our workforce solutions business, could involve significant unanticipated challenges and risks, including that they may not advance our business strategy, we may not realize our anticipated return on our investment, we may experience difficulty in implementing initiatives or integrating acquired operations, or management's attention may be diverted from our other business. These events could cause material harm to our business, operating results, or financial condition.
If our acquired intangible assets become impaired we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings.
We regularly review acquired intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. We test goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually. Factors that may be considered a change in circumstances, indicating that the carrying value of the intangible assets may not be recoverable, include: macroeconomic conditions, such as deterioration in general economic conditions; industry and market considerations, such as deterioration in the environment in which we operate; cost factors, such as increases in labor or other costs that have a negative effect on earnings and cash flows; our financial performance, such as negative or declining cash flows or a decline in actual or planned revenue or earnings compared with actual and projected results of relevant prior periods; and other relevant entity-specific events, such as changes in management, key personnel, strategy, or customers, and sustained decreases in share price. We may be required to record a significant charge in our financial statements during the period in which we determine an impairment of our acquired intangible assets has occurred, negatively impacting our financial results.
We operate in a highly competitive industry and may be unable to retain customers or market share.
Our industry is highly competitive and rapidly innovating, with low barrier to entry. Our competitors include large, well-financed competitors, small local competitors, and internet-based companies providing a variety of flexible workforce solutions. We face extensive pricing pressure and must continue to innovate changes in the way we do business in order to remain relevant to our customers. Therefore, there can be no assurance that we will be able to retain customers or market share in the future. Nor can there be any assurance that we will, in light of competitive pressures, be able to remain profitable or maintain our current profit margins.
The loss of, or substantial decline in revenue from, a major customer could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, profitability, and liquidity.
We experience revenue concentration with large customers. Generally our contracts do not contain guarantees of minimum duration, revenue levels, or profitability and our customers may terminate their contracts or materially reduce their requested levels of service at any time. The loss of, or reduced demand for our services related tofrom, major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, customer concentration exposes us to concentrated credit risk, as a significant portion of our accounts receivable may be from a small number of customers.
Our management information systems may not perform as anticipated and our system, operations and facilities are vulnerable to damage and interruption.
The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on proprietary and third-party management information systems, mobile device technology and related services, and other technology which may not yield the intended results. Our systems may experience problems with functionality and associated delays. The failure of our systems to perform as we anticipateanticipated could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue and increased overhead costs, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. We occasionally modify, retire, and change our systems, and these transactionstransitions can be disruptive, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Our primary computer systems, headquarters, support facilities, and operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from power outages, computer and telecommunications failures, computer viruses, employee errors, security breaches, natural disasters, and catastrophic events, and errors in usage by our employees.events. Failure of our systems to performor facilities may require significant additional capital and management resources to resolve, causing material harm to our business.
A data breach, or improper disclosure of, or access to, our confidential and/or proprietary information or our employees'employees’ or customers'customers’ information could materially harm our business.
Our business involves the use, storage, and transmission of information about applicants, candidates, contingenttemporary workers, our employees, and customers. Our contingenttemporary workers and employees may have access or exposure to confidential information about applicants, candidates, contingenttemporary workers, other employees, and customers. We and our third-party vendors have established policies and procedures to help protect the security and privacy of this information. The secure use, storage, and transmission of this information is critical to our business operations. We have experienced cyber-attacks, computer viruses, social engineering schemes, and other means of unauthorized access to our systems. The security controls over sensitive or confidential information and other practices we and our third-party vendors follow may not prevent the improper access to, disclosure of, or loss of such

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information. Failure to protect the integrity and security of such confidential and/or proprietary information could expose us to regulatory fines, litigation, contractual liability, damage to our reputation, and increased compliance costs.

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Acquisitions and new business initiatives may have an adverse effect on our business.
We expect to continue making acquisitions, adjusting the composition of our business lines, and entering into new business initiatives as part of our business strategy. This strategy may be impeded, however, if we cannot identify suitable acquisition candidates or new business initiatives, or if acquisition candidates are not available under acceptable terms. Future acquisitions could result in incurring additional debt and contingent liabilities, an increase in interest expense, amortization expense, and charges related to integration costs. New business initiatives and changes in the composition of our business mix can be distracting to our management and disruptive to our operations, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Acquisitions and new business initiatives, including initiatives outside of our workforce solutions business, could involve significant unanticipated challenges and risks including not advancing our business strategy, not realizing our anticipated return on our investment, experiencing difficulty in implementing initiatives or integrating acquired operations, or directing management’s attention from our other businesses. These events could cause material harm to our business, operating results, or financial condition.
Our results of operations could materially deteriorate if we fail to attract, develop and retain qualified employees.
Our performance is dependent on attracting and retaining qualified employees who are able to meet the needs of our customers. We believe our competitive advantage is providing unique solutions for each individual customer, which requires us to have trained and engaged employees. Our success depends upon our ability to attract, develop, and retain a sufficient number of qualified employees, including management, sales, recruiting, service, and administrative personnel. The turnover rate in the employment services industry is high, and qualified individuals of the requisite caliber and number needed to fill these positions may be in short supply. Our inability to recruit, train, and motivate a sufficient number of qualified individuals may delay or affect the speed and quality of our strategy execution and planned growth. Delayed expansion, significant increases in employee turnover rates, or significant increases in labor costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We may be unable to attract sufficient qualified candidates to meet the needs of our customers.
We compete to meet our customers' needs for workforce solutions and services and we must continually attract qualified candidates to fill positions. Attracting qualified candidates depends on factors such as desirability of the assignment, location, and the associated wages and other benefits. We have in the past experienced shortages of qualified candidates and we may experience such shortages in the future. Further, if there is a shortage, the cost to employ these individuals could increase. If we are unable to pass those costs through to our customers, it could materially and adversely affect our business. Organized labor periodically engages in efforts to represent various groups of our contingent workers. If we are subject to unreasonable collective bargaining agreements or work disruptions, our business could be adversely affected.
We may have additional tax liabilities that exceed our estimates.
We are subject to federal taxes and a multitude of state and local taxes in the United States and taxes in foreign jurisdictions. We face uncertainty surrounding any potential reform of the U.S. tax code or a reduction in tax credits which we utilize, and we cannot predict with any certainty the likely impact of such a reform on our financial condition or operating results. In the ordinary course of our business, there are transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. We are regularly subject to audit by tax authorities. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of tax audits and any related litigation could be materially different from our historical tax provisions and accruals. The results of an audit or litigation could materially harm our business. The taxing authorities of the jurisdictionjurisdictions in which we operate may challenge our methodologies for valuing intercompany arrangements or may change their laws, which could increase our worldwide effective tax rate and harm our financial position and results of operations.
Failure to maintain adequate financial and management processes and controls could lead to errors in our financial reporting.
If our management is unable to certify the effectiveness of our internal controls, including those of our third party vendors, or if our independent registered public accounting firm cannot render an opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, or if material weaknesses in our internal controls are identified, we could be subject to regulatory scrutiny and a loss of public confidence. In addition, if we do not maintain adequate financial and management personnel, processes, and controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial performance on a timely basis, which could cause our stock price to fall.
Outsourcing certain aspects of our business could result in disruption and increased costs.
We have outsourced certain aspects of our business to third-party vendors that subject us to risks including disruptions in our business and increased costs. For example, we have engaged third parties to host and manage certain aspects of our data center, information and technology infrastructure, mobile texting, and electronic pay solutions, to provide certain back office support activities, and to support business process outsourcing for our customers. Accordingly, we are subject to the risks associated with the vendors'vendors’ ability to provide these services tothat meet our needs. If the cost of these services is more than expected, or if we or the vendors are unable to adequately protect our data and information is lost, or if our ability to deliver our services is interrupted, then our business and results of operations may be negatively impacted.
If our acquired intangible assets become impaired we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings.
We regularly review acquired intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. We test goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually. Factors that may be considered a change in circumstances, indicating that the carrying value of the intangible assets may not be recoverable,

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include: macroeconomic conditions, such as deterioration in general economic conditions; industry and market considerations, such as deterioration in the environment in which we operate; cost factors, such as increases in labor or other costs that have a negative effect on earnings and cash flows; our financial performance, such as negative or declining cash flows or a decline in actual or planned revenue or earnings compared with actual and projected results of relevant prior periods; other relevant entity-specific events, such as changes in management, key personnel, strategy, or customers; and sustained decreases in share price. We may be required to record a significant charge in our financial statements during the period in which we determine an impairment of our acquired intangible assets has occurred, therefore negatively impacting our financial results.
Foreign currency fluctuations may have a material adverse effect on our operating results.
We report our results of operations in United States dollars. The majority of our revenues are generated in the United States. Our international operations are denominated in currencies other than the United States dollar, and unfavorable fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could have an adverse effect on our reported financial results. Increases or decreases in the value of the United States dollar against other major currencies could affect our revenues, operating profit, and the value of balance sheet items denominated in foreign currencies. Our exposure to foreign currencies in particular the Australian dollar, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flow, and/or results of operations. Furthermore, the volatility of currencies may impact year-over-year comparability.

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Item 2.UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The table below includes repurchases of our common stock pursuant to publicly announced plans or programs and those not made pursuant to publicly announced plans or programs during the thirteen weeks ended September 23, 2016.October 1, 2017.
Period
Total number
of shares
purchased (1)
 
Weighted
average price
paid per
share (2)
 
Total number of shares
purchased as part of
publicly announced plans
or programs
 
Maximum number of shares (or
approximate dollar value) that
may yet be purchased under
plans or programs at period
end (3)
06/25/2016 through 07/22/201614,631
 
$19.17
 
 $35.2 million
07/23/2016 through 08/19/20161,798
 
$22.32
 
 $35.2 million
08/20/2016 through 09/23/20162,337
 
$21.90
 
 $35.2 million
Total18,766
 

 
  
Period
Total number
of shares
purchased (1)
Weighted
average price
paid per
share (2)
Total number of shares
purchased as part of
publicly announced plans
or programs (3)
Maximum number of shares (or
approximate dollar value) that
may yet be purchased under
plans or programs at period
end (4)
07/03/2017 through 07/30/201779

$27.90

$13.9 million
07/31/2017 through 09/03/20171,598

$22.20
444,440
$5.0 million
09/04/2017 through 10/01/20172,179

$20.55
237,413
$100.0 million
Total3,856

$21.38
681,853
 

(1)During the thirteenthirty-nine weeks ended September 23, 2016,October 1, 2017, we purchased 18,7663,856 shares in order to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations upon the vesting of restricted stock.stock awards and performance share units. These shares were not acquired pursuant to any publicly announced purchase plan or program.
(2)Weighted average price paid per share does not include any adjustments for commissions.
(3)OurThe weighted average price per share for the shares repurchased under our prior share repurchase program during the period was $20.30.
(4)In September 2017, we repurchased the remaining $13.9 million available under our $75.0 million share repurchase program. On September 15, 2017, our Board of Directors authorized a $75.0$100 million share repurchase program in July 2011 thatof our outstanding common stock. The share repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock and does not have an expiration date. As of September 23, 2016, $35.2 million remains available for repurchase of our common stockThere have been no repurchases under this new program during the current authorization.thirteen weeks ended October 1, 2017.
Item 5.OTHER INFORMATION

Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws

On October 30, 2017, the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of TrueBlue, Inc. (the “Company”) adopted Amended and Restated Bylaws (the “Bylaws”) of the Company. The Bylaws were effective immediately and amend the Company’s preexisting bylaws to, among other things:
clarify the Board’s right to postpone, reschedule or cancel previously scheduled annual meetings of shareholders;
provide for additional disclosure and other requirements for advance notices of director nominations and shareholder proposals;
specify the powers of the chairman of a shareholder meeting over the conduct of such meeting;

specify the requirements for written and electronic notice under the Bylaws.

The foregoing description of the Bylaws is not complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the Bylaws, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 3.4 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and incorporated by reference herein.

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Item 6.6EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number
Exhibit DescriptionFiled Herewith
31.1X
 
X
   
X
   
X
   
101.INSXBRL Instance Document.
   
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
   
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
   
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
   
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
   
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.


 
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
  TrueBlue, Inc.  
     
  /s/ Steven C. Cooper10/24/201630/2017 
  SignatureDate         
 By:Steven C. Cooper, Director and Chief Executive Officer  
     
  /s/ Derrek L. Gafford10/24/201630/2017 
  SignatureDate         
 By:
Derrek L. Gafford, Chief Financial Officer and
Executive Vice President
  
     
  /s/ Norman H. Frey10/24/201630/2017 
  SignatureDate         
 By:Norman H. Frey, Chief Accounting Officer and
Senior Vice President
  


 
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