UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~March~~December 31, 2022

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File No. 0-18492

DLH HOLDINGS CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

New Jersey

22-1899798

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

3565 Piedmont Road,

Building 3,

Suite 700

30305

Atlanta,

Georgia

(Zip code)

(Address of principal executive offices)

(770) 554-3545

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	DLHC	Nasdaq	Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filero

☐

Accelerated filero

☒

Non-accelerated filer

☐x

Smaller Reporting Company

☒

Emerging Growth Company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ý

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: ~~12,796,888~~13,756,969 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, were outstanding as of ~~April 29, 2022.~~February 8, 2023.

DLH HOLDINGS CORP.

FORM 10-Q

Table of Contents


			Page No.
Part I — Financial Information			3
Item 1. Financial Statements			3
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three ~~and six~~months ended ~~March~~ Decem ~~31,~~ber ~~202~~2 ~~and 202~~3 1 , 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited)			3
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of ~~March~~December 31, ~~202~~2 2022 (Unaudited) and September 30, ~~2021~~2022			4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~March~~December ~~31, 202~~2 ~~and 202~~3 1 , 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited)			5
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~March~~December ~~31, 202~~2 ~~and 202~~3 1 , 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited)			6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)			7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			2021
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk			3132
Item 4. Controls and Procedures			32
Part II — Other Information			3233
Item 1. Legal Proceedings			3233
Item 1A. Risk Factors			3233
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			3234
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities			3334
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures			3334
Item 5. Other Information			3335
Item 6. Exhibits			3436
Signatures			3537

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM I: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DLH HOLDINGS CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)


		(unaudited)				(unaudited)					(unaudited)
		Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended					Three Months Ended
		March 31,				March 31,					December 31,
		2022		2021		2022		2021			2022		2021
Revenue	Revenue	$	108,699	$	61,506	$	261,500	$	119,358	Revenue	$	72,738	$	152,801
Cost of operations:	Cost of operations:									Cost of operations:
Contract costs	Contract costs	88,831		48,722		221,517		94,727		Contract costs	57,256		132,686
General and administrative costs	General and administrative costs	7,733		6,135		14,644		12,285		General and administrative costs	7,424		6,911

Corporate development costs										Corporate development costs	1,735		—
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	1,881		2,029		3,866		4,091		Depreciation and amortization	2,402		1,985
Total operating costs	Total operating costs	98,445		56,886		240,027		111,103		Total operating costs	68,817		141,582
Income from operations	Income from operations	10,254		4,620		21,473		8,255		Income from operations	3,921		11,219
Interest expense, net		554		1,004		1,226		2,084
Income before income taxes		9,700		3,616		20,247		6,171
Income tax expense		2,522		1,049		5,265		1,790
Interest expense										Interest expense	1,830		672
Income before provision for income taxes										Income before provision for income taxes	2,091		10,547
Provision for income taxes										Provision for income taxes	544		2,743
Net income	Net income	$	7,178	$	2,567	$	14,982	$	4,381	Net income	$	1,547	$	7,804

Net income per share - basic	Net income per share - basic	$	0.56	$	0.20	$	1.17	$	0.35	Net income per share - basic	$	0.12	$	0.61
Net income per share - diluted	Net income per share - diluted	$	0.50	$	0.19	$	1.04	$	0.32	Net income per share - diluted	$	0.11	$	0.55

Weighted average common stock outstanding	Weighted average common stock outstanding									Weighted average common stock outstanding
Basic	Basic	12,778		12,544		12,763		12,521		Basic	13,306		12,749
Diluted	Diluted	14,442		13,570		14,368		13,568		Diluted	14,276		14,295

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

DLH HOLDINGS CORP.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except par value of shares)


		March 31, 2022		September 30, 2021			December 31, 2022		September 30, 2022
		(unaudited)					(unaudited)
ASSETS	ASSETS					ASSETS
Current assets:	Current assets:					Current assets:
Cash	Cash	$	359	$	24,051	Cash	$	1,364	$	228
Accounts receivable	Accounts receivable	62,152		33,447		Accounts receivable	65,178		40,496

Other current assets	Other current assets	3,599		4,265		Other current assets	3,249		2,878
Total current assets	Total current assets	66,110		61,763		Total current assets	69,791		43,602
Equipment and improvements, net	Equipment and improvements, net	1,427		1,912		Equipment and improvements, net	1,875		1,704
Operating lease right-of-use assets	Operating lease right-of-use assets	17,999		19,919		Operating lease right-of-use assets	19,595		16,851

Goodwill	Goodwill	65,643		65,643		Goodwill	139,277		65,643
Intangible assets, net	Intangible assets, net	44,177		47,469		Intangible assets, net	136,729		40,884

Other long-term assets	Other long-term assets	398		464		Other long-term assets	61		328
Total assets	Total assets	$	195,754	$	197,170	Total assets	$	367,328	$	169,012

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY					LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:	Current liabilities:					Current liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities - current						Operating lease liabilities - current	$	3,379	$	2,235
Accrued payroll						Accrued payroll	16,540		9,444

Operating lease liabilities - current		$	2,216	$	2,261
Debt obligations - current, net of deferred financing costs						Debt obligations - current, net of deferred financing costs	28,505		—

Accrued payroll		12,464		9,125
Deferred revenue		—		22,273
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other current liabilities		44,317		32,717
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities						Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	32,711		26,862
Total current liabilities	Total current liabilities	58,997		66,376		Total current liabilities	81,135		38,541
Long-term liabilities:	Long-term liabilities:					Long-term liabilities:
Deferred taxes, net	Deferred taxes, net	1,176		1,176		Deferred taxes, net	1,521		1,534
Operating lease liabilities - long-term	Operating lease liabilities - long-term	17,582		19,374		Operating lease liabilities - long-term	18,221		16,461
Debt obligations - long-term, net of deferred financing costs	Debt obligations - long-term, net of deferred financing costs	35,638		44,636		Debt obligations - long-term, net of deferred financing costs	165,942		20,416

Total long-term liabilities	Total long-term liabilities	54,396		65,186		Total long-term liabilities	185,684		38,411
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	113,393		131,562		Total liabilities	266,819		76,952

Shareholders' equity:	Shareholders' equity:					Shareholders' equity:

Common stock, $0.001 par value; authorized 40,000 shares; issued and outstanding 12,794 and 12,714 at March 31, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively		13		13
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 40,000 shares authorized; 13,757 and 13,047 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022, respectively						Common stock, $0.001 par value; 40,000 shares authorized; 13,757 and 13,047 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022, respectively	14		13
Additional paid-in capital	Additional paid-in capital	89,664		87,893		Additional paid-in capital	97,958		91,057

Accumulated deficit		(7,316)		(22,298)
Retained earnings						Retained earnings	2,537		990

Total shareholders’ equity	Total shareholders’ equity	82,361		65,608		Total shareholders’ equity	100,509		92,060
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	195,754	$	197,170	Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	367,328	$	169,012

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

DLH HOLDINGS CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(unaudited)
Six Months Ended
March 31,
2022 2021
Operating activities
Net income $ 14,982 $ 4,381
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 3,866 4,091
Amortization of deferred financing costs charged to interest expense 319 413
Stock-based compensation expense 1,309 844
Deferred taxes, net — 1,512
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable (28,705) (9,134)
Other current assets 666 30
Accrued payroll 3,339 1,401
Deferred revenue (22,273) —
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other current liabilities 11,600 2,245
Other long-term assets and liabilities 82 336
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities (14,815) 6,119
Investing activities
Business acquisition adjustment, net of cash acquired — 59
Purchase of equipment and improvements (89) (53)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (89) 6
Financing activities
Proceeds from debt obligations 13,500 18,950
Repayment of debt obligations (22,750) (26,200)
Payment of deferred financing costs — (43)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of options and warrants 462 231
Net cash used in financing activities (8,788) (7,062)
Net change in cash (23,692) (937)
Cash at beginning of period 24,051 1,357
Cash at end of period $ 359 $ 420
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid during the period for interest $ 896 $ 1,639
Cash paid during the period for income taxes $ 3,482 $ 184
F


	(unaudited)
	Three Months Ended
	December 31,
		2022		2021
Operating activities
Net income		$	1,547	$	7,804
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		2,402		1,985


Amortization of deferred financing costs charged to interest expense		276		151

Stock-based compensation expense		552		500

Deferred taxes, net		(13)		—

Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable		780		(13,396)
Other current assets		994		(632)

Accrued payroll		347		1,851
Deferred revenue		—		(12,125)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		1,075		(2,335)
Other long-term assets and liabilities		13		42
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		7,973		(16,155)
Investing activities
Business acquisition, net of cash acquired		(179,958)		—
Purchase of equipment and improvements		(384)		—
Net cash used in investing activities		(180,342)		—
Financing activities

Proceeds from debt obligations		200,703		6,000
Repayments of debt obligations		(19,327)		(9,875)

Payments of deferred financing costs		(7,221)		—


Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of options and warrants		—		200
Payment of tax obligations resulting from net exercise of stock options		(650)		—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		173,505		(3,675)

Net change in cash		1,136		(19,830)
Cash - beginning of period		228		24,051
Cash - end of period		$	1,364	$	4,221

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid during the period for interest		$	339	$	513
Cash paid during the period for income taxes		$	5	$	—

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activity
Common stock surrendered for the exercise of stock options		$	238	$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

DLH HOLDINGS CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

(In thousands)

(unaudited)


		Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated Deficit				Total Shareholders' Equity				Common Stock								Additional Paid-In Capital	Retained Earnings									Total Shareholders' Equity
(unaudited)	(unaudited)	Shares	Amount								(unaudited)		Shares				Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings								Total Shareholders' Equity
Six Months Ended March 31, 2022
Balance at September 30, 2021		12,714	$	13		$	87,893		$	(22,298)			$	65,608

Expense related to director restricted stock units		—	—			324			—				324
Expense related to employee stock-based compensation		—	—			985			—				985
Exercise of stock options		26	—			262			—				262

Exercise of stock warrants		54	—			200			—				200
Net income		—	—			—			14,982				14,982
Balance at March 31, 2022		12,794	$	13		$	89,664		$	(7,316)			$	82,361
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Balance at December 31, 2021		12,768	$	13		$	88,593		$	(14,494)			$	74,112

Three Months Ended December 31, 2022															Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
Balance at September 30, 2022															Balance at September 30, 2022			13,047				$	13				$	91,057				$	990				$	92,060
Issuance of common stock in business combination															Issuance of common stock in business combination			527		1					6,999					—					7,000
Expense related to director restricted stock units	Expense related to director restricted stock units	—	—			162			—				162		Expense related to director restricted stock units			—		—					180					—					180

Expense related to employee stock-based compensation	Expense related to employee stock-based compensation	—	—			647			—				647		Expense related to employee stock-based compensation			—		—					372					—					372
Exercise of stock options	Exercise of stock options	26	—			262			—				262		Exercise of stock options			250		—					—					—					—

Common stock surrendered for the exercise of stock options															Common stock surrendered for the exercise of stock options			(67)		—					(650)					—					(650)
Net income	Net income	—	—			—			7,178				7,178		Net income			—		—					—					1,547					1,547
Balance at March 31, 2022		12,794	$	13		$	89,664		$	(7,316)			$	82,361
Balance at December 31, 2022															Balance at December 31, 2022			13,757		$	14				$	97,958				$	2,537				$	100,509

Common Stock Additional
Paid-In
Capital Accumulated
Deficit Total Shareholders' Equity
(unaudited) Shares Amount
Six Months Ended March 31, 2021
Balance at September 30, 2020 12,404 $ 12 $ 85,868 $ (32,443) $ 53,437
Expense related to director restricted stock units 78 — 232 — 232
Expense related to employee stock-based compensation — — 612 — 612
Exercise of stock options 63 1 230 — 231
Net income — — — 4,381 4,381
Balance at March 31, 2021 12,545 $ 13 $ 86,942 $ (28,062) $ 58,893
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Balance at December 31, 2020 12,544 $ 13 $ 86,551 $ (30,629) $ 55,935
Expense related to director restricted stock units — — 116 — 116
Expense related to employee stock-based compensation — — 270 — 270
Exercise of stock options 1 — 5 — 5
Net income — — — 2,567 2,567
Balance at March 31, 2021 12,545 $ 13 $ 86,942 $ (28,062) $ 58,893


	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Total Shareholders' Equity
(unaudited)	Shares	Amount











Three Months Ended December 31, 2021
Balance at September 30, 2021	12,714	$	13		$	87,893		$	(22,298)		$	65,608

Expense related to director restricted stock units	—	—			162			—			162
Expense related to employee stock-based compensation	—	—			338			—			338



Exercise of stock warrants	54	—			200			—			200
Net income	—	—			—			7,804			7,804
Balance at December 31, 2021	12,768	$	13		$	88,593		$	(14,494)		$	74,112

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

DLH HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

~~March~~December 31, 2022

1. Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of DLH Holdings Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (together with its subsidiaries, "DLH" or the "Company" and also referred to as "we," "us" and "our"). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with ~~U.S.~~United States generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

In management's opinion, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the period ended ~~March~~December 31, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending September 30, ~~2022~~2023 or any future period. Amounts as of and for the ~~periods~~three months ended ~~March~~December 31, 2022 and ~~March~~December 31, 2021 are unaudited. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December ~~6, 2021.~~5, 2022.

2. ~~Business Overview~~

The Company is a full-service provider of technology-enabled health and human services, providing solutions to 3 market focus areas: Defense and Veterans' Health Solutions, Human Solutions and Services, and Public Health and Life Sciences. The Company delivers domain-specific expertise, industry best-practices and innovations to customers across these markets leveraging 7 core competencies: secure data analytics, clinical trials and laboratory services, case management, performance evaluation, system modernization, operational logistics and readiness, and strategic digital communications. The Company manages its operations from its principal executive offices in Atlanta, Georgia, and we have a complementary headquarters office in Silver Spring, Maryland. The Company employs over 2,300 skilled employees workin~~g in more than~~ ~~30 locations throughout the United States and 1 location overseas.~~

~~At present, the Company derives 99% of its revenue from agencies of the Federal government, primarily as a prime contractor but also as a subcontractor to other Federal prime contractors.~~

A major customer is defined as a customer from whom we derive at least 10% of our revenues. Our largest customers are the Department of Veteran Affairs ("VA"), the Department of Health and Human Services ("HHS"), the Department of Homeland Security ("DHS"), and the Department of Defense ("DoD"). Our contracts with the state of Alaska were task orders awarded under our Federal Emergency Management Agency ("FEMA") contract vehicle within DHS. The following table summarizes the revenues by customer for the six months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively:

Six Months Ended
March 31,
2022 2021
(in thousands) Revenue Percent of total revenue Revenue Percent of total revenue
Department of Homeland Security $ 131,306 50.2 % $ 339 0.3 %
Department of Veterans Affairs 58,926 22.5 % 55,513 46.5 %
Department of Health and Human Services 50,710 19.4 % 43,503 36.4 %
Department of Defense 16,955 6.5 % 14,502 12.2 %
Other customers with less than 10% share of total revenue 3,603 1.4 % 5,501 4.6 %
Total Revenue $ 261,500 100.0 % $ 119,358 100.0 %

~~3. New Accounting Pronouncements~~

In March 2020 and January 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting” and ASU No. 2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope,” respectively (collectively, “Topic 848”). Topic 848 provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The optional expedients and exceptions provided by Topic 848 can be applied for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently assessing the impact of electing this standard on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and does not expect the impact to be material.

4. Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with ~~accounting principles generally accepted in the United States~~GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, ~~and~~the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting ~~period. Significant~~periods. The most significant of these estimates ~~include valuation~~and assumptions relate to estimating revenues and costs including overhead and its allocation, estimating progress toward the completion of ~~goodwill~~performance obligations, assessing fair value of acquired assets and liabilities accounted for through business acquisitions, valuing and determining the amortization periods for long-lived intangible assets, interest rate swaps, stock-based compensation, right-of-use assets and ~~lease~~leases liabilities, ~~valuation allowances established against accounts receivable~~ and ~~deferred tax assets, and measurement of~~ loss development on ~~workers’~~workers' compensation claims. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis and base our estimates on historical experience, current and expected future outcomes, third-party evaluations, and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities as well as identifying and assessing the accounting treatment with respect to commitments and contingencies. We revise material accounting estimates if changes occur, such as more experience is acquired, additional information is obtained, or there is new information on which an estimate was or can be based. Actual results could differ from those estimates. ~~In particular,~~

Revenue

The Company's revenues from contracts with customers are derived from offerings that include technology-enabled business process outsourcing, program management solutions, and public health research and analytics, substantially within the U.S. government and its agencies, and to a ~~material reduction~~lesser extent, subcontractors. The Company has various types of contracts including time-and-materials contracts, cost-reimbursable contracts, and firm-fixed-price contracts.

We consider a contract with a customer to exist when there is a commitment by both parties (customer and Company), payment terms are determinable, there is commercial substance, and collectability is probably in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") No. 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("Topic 606").

We recognize revenue over time when there is a continuous transfer of control to our customer as performance obligations are satisfied. For our U.S. government contracts, this continuous transfer of control to the ~~fair value~~customer is transferred over time and revenue is recognized based on the extent of ~~goodwill could~~progress toward completion of the performance obligation. We consider control to transfer when we have a ~~material adverse effect on~~right to payment. In some instances, the ~~Company’s financial position~~Company commences providing services prior to formal approval to begin work from the customer. The Company considers these factors, the risks associated with commencing work, and ~~results~~legal enforceability in determining whether a contract exists under Topic 606.

Contract modification can occur throughout the life of ~~operations.~~the contract and can affect the transaction price, extend the period of performance, adjust funding, or create new performance obligations. We ~~account for~~review each modification to assess the impact of these

contract changes to determine if it should be treated as part of the original performance obligation or as a separate contract. Contract modifications impact performance obligations when the modification either creates new or changes the existing enforceable rights and obligations. The effect of a contract modification on the transaction price and our measure of progress for the performance obligation to which it relates is recognized as an adjustment to revenue and profit cumulatively. Furthermore, a significant change in ~~accounting estimate during~~one or more estimates could affect the profitability of our contracts. We recognize adjustments in estimated profit on contracts in the period identified.

For service contracts, we satisfy our performance obligations as services are rendered. We use cost-based input and time-based output methods to measure progress based on the contract type.

•Time and material - We bill the customer per labor hour and per material, and revenue is recognized in ~~which~~ the ~~change occurs.~~amount invoiced as the amount corresponds directly to the value of our performance to date. Revenue is recognized to the extent of billable rates times hours delivered plus materials and other reimbursable costs incurred.

•Cost reimbursable - We record reimbursable costs as incurred, including an estimated share of the contractual fee earned.

•Firm fixed price - We recognize revenue over time using a straight-line measure of progress or percentage of completion method whereby progress toward completion is based on a comparison of actual costs incurred to total estimated costs to be incurred over the contract terms.

Contract costs generally include direct costs such as labor, materials, subcontract costs, and indirect costs identifiable with or allocable to a specific contract. Costs are expensed as incurred and include an estimate of the contractual fees earned. Contract costs incurred for U.S. government contracts, including indirect costs, are subject to audit and adjustment by various government audit agencies. Historically, our adjustments have not been material.

Contract assets - Amounts are invoiced as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms. In part, revenue recognition occurs before we have the right to bill, resulting in contract assets. These contract assets are reported within Accounts receivable, net on our consolidated balance sheets and are invoiced in accordance with payment terms defined in each contract. Period end balances will vary from period to period due to agreed-upon contractual terms.

Contract liabilities - Amounts are a result of billings in excess of costs incurred or prepayment for services to be rendered.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of the Company's cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, contract assets, contract liabilities, accrued expenses, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The ~~face~~fair values of the Company's debt instruments ~~approximated~~approximate fair value because the underlying interest rates approximate market rates that the Company could obtain for similar instruments at the balance sheet dates.

Long-lived Assets

Our long-lived assets include equipment and improvements, intangible assets, right-of-use assets, and goodwill. The Company continues to review long-lived assets for possible impairment or loss of value at least annually, or more frequently upon the occurrence of an event or when circumstances indicate that a reporting unit's carrying amount is greater than its fair value.

Equipment and improvements are recorded at cost. Depreciation and amortization are provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful asset lives (3 to 7 years) and the shorter of the initial lease term or estimated useful life for leasehold improvements. Maintenance and repair costs are expensed as incurred.

Intangible assets (other than goodwill) are originally recorded at fair value and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of 10 years. Maintenance and repair costs are expensed as incurred.

Right-of-use assets are measured at the present value of future minimum lease payments, including all probable renewals, plus lease payments made to the lessor before or at lease commencement and indirect costs paid, less incentives received. Our right-of-use assets include long-term leases for facilities and equipment and are amortized over their respective lease terms.

Lease Liabilities

The Company has leases for facilities and office equipment. Our lease liabilities are recognized as the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term. Our lease payments consist of fixed and in-substance fixed amounts attributable to the use of the underlying asset over the lease term. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index rate or are not in-substance fixed payments are excluded in the measurement of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities and are expensed in the period incurred. The incremental borrowing rate on our secured term loan is used in determining the present value of future minimum lease payments. Some of our lease agreements include options to extend the lease term or terminate the lease. These options are accounted for in our right-of-use assets and lease liabilities when it is reasonably certain that the Company will extend the lease term or terminate the lease. The Company does not have any finance leases.

Goodwill

~~At September 30, 2021, we performed~~The Company reviews goodwill for impairment on an annual basis and on a ~~goodwill impairment evaluation on~~quarterly basis the ~~year-end carrying value~~company assesses the impact of ~~approximately $65.6 million. We performed a qualitative assessment of factors~~any macroeconomic changes that may impact the business conditions to determine ~~whether it was necessary~~if these changes have any adverse impact to perform the goodwill impairment test. Based on the results of the work performed, the Company has concluded that no impairment loss was warranted at September 30, 2021. For the six months ended March 31, 2022, the Company determined that no change in business conditions occurred which would have a material adverse effect on the valuation of goodwill. ~~Our assessment incorporated effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, which is not expected to have a meaningful impact on our financial results.~~ Notwithstanding this evaluation, factors including non-renewal of a major contract or other substantial changes in business conditions could have a material adverse effect on the valuation of goodwill in future periods and the resulting charge could be material to future periods’ results of operations. The Company determined that no change in business conditions occurred which would have a material adverse effect on the valuation of goodwill.

Provision for Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities, using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are reflected on the consolidated balance ~~sheet~~sheets when it is determined that it is more likely than not that the asset will be realized. This guidance also requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. We account for uncertain tax positions by recognizing the financial statement effects of a tax position only when, based upon the technical merits, it is ~~"more-likely-than-not"~~more-likely-than-not that the position will be sustained upon examination. We had no uncertain tax positions at either ~~March~~December 31, 2022 or September 30, ~~2021.~~2022. We report interest and penalties as a component of provision for income ~~tax expense.~~taxes. During the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~March~~December 31, 2022 and ~~March~~December 31, 2021, we recognized no interest and no penalties related to income taxes.

Stock-based ~~Equity~~ Compensation

The Company uses the fair value-based method for stock-based ~~equity~~ compensation. Options issued are designated as either an incentive stock option or a non-statutory stock option. No option may be granted with a term of more than 10 years from the date of grant. Option awards may depend on achievement of certain performance measures determined by the Compensation Committee of our Board. Shares issued upon option exercise are newly issued common shares. All awards to employees and non-employees are recorded at fair value on the date of the grant and expensed over the period of vesting. The Company uses a Monte Carlo ~~binomial option pricing models, as appropriate~~method to estimate the fair value of each stock option at the date of grant. Any consideration paid by the option holders to purchase shares is credited to common stock.

~~Cash~~Compensation Expense

Compensation expense for the portion of equity awards for which the requisite service has not been rendered is recognized as the requisite service is rendered. The compensation expense for that portion of awards has been based on the grant-date fair value of those awards as calculated for recognition purposes under applicable guidance. For options that vest based on the Company’s common stock achieving and maintaining defined market prices, the Company values the awards with a Monte Carlo method that utilizes various probability factors and other criterion in establishing fair value of the grant. The related compensation expense is recognized over the service period.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. We maintain cash balances ~~of $0.4 million and $24.1 million at March 31, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively,~~ at financial institutions that are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ~~(“FDIC”~~("FDIC") up to $250,000. Deposits held with financial institutions may exceed the $250,000 limit.

Accounts Receivable

Receivables include amounts billed and currently due from customers where the right to consideration is unconditional and amounts unbilled. Both billed and unbilled amounts are non-interest bearing, unsecured, and recognized at an estimated realizable value that includes costs and fees, and are generally expected to be billed and received within a single year. We evaluate our receivables on a quarterly basis and determine whether an allowance is appropriate based on specific collection issues. No allowance for doubtful accounts was deemed necessary at either December 31, 2022 or September 30, 2022.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common stock outstanding and restricted stock grants that vested or are likely to vest during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of basic common shares outstanding, adjusted to reflect potentially dilutive securities. Diluted earnings per share is calculated using the treasury stock method.

Treasury Stock

The Company periodically purchases its own common stock that is traded on public markets as part of announced stock repurchase programs. The repurchased common stock is classified as treasury stock on the consolidated balance sheets and held at cost. As of December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022, the Company did not hold any treasury stock.

Preferred Stock

Our certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of "blank check" preferred stock with designations, rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by our board of directors up to an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of ~~March~~December 31, 2022 and September 30, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company ~~had~~has not issued any preferred stock.

Interest Rate Swap

The Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk associated with its ~~variable-rate~~variable debt. The Company's objective in using these interest rate derivatives is to manage its exposure to interest rate movements and reduce volatility of interest expense. The gains and losses due to changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap agreements completely offset changes in the fair value of the hedged portion of the underlying debt. Offsetting changes in fair value of both the interest rate swaps and the hedged portion of the underlying debt ~~both~~ are recognized in interest expense in the ~~Consolidated Statements~~consolidated statements of ~~Operations.~~operations. The Company does not hold or issue any derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Risks & Uncertainties

Management ~~continues to evaluate~~evaluates the impact of global markets and economic factors on our industry and the ~~COVID-19 pandemic on the Company, primarily through the introduction of additional regulations and restrictions. While it is reasonably possible that the virus could have a negative effect~~potential for adverse effects on the Company's consolidated financial position and its operations. As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, there was no indication of any global or economic impacts to our industry.

3. New Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020 and January 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-04, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting” and ASU No. 2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope,” respectively (collectively, “Topic 848”). Topic 848 provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. In December 2022, FASB issued ASU 2022-06 "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848" which defers the end date for electing the relief provided in Topic 848 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. In the first quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company adopted the optional expedients and exceptions provided in Topic 848. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

4. Business Combinations

Acquisition of Grove Resource Solutions, LLC

On December 8, 2022, the Company acquired 100% of the equity interests of Grove Resource Solution, LLC ("GRSi") for a net preliminary purchase price of $185.1 million, inclusive of the preliminary working capital adjustment. The acquisition was financed through a combination of:

•borrowings of $178.1 million under the Company’s amended and restated credit facility; and

•common stock issued of approximately 0.5 million shares, which were valued at $7.0 million in the aggregate, based on the 20-day volume-adjusted average price of its common stock.

The acquisition of GRSi was consistent with the Company’s growth strategy, as it provided contract diversification, addition of key capabilities and increased presence in the military health market. The estimated goodwill derived from this transaction is primarily due to these attributes.

We have used the acquisition method of accounting for this transaction, whereby the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recognized based upon their estimated fair values at the acquisition date.

The preliminary purchase price for GRSi was $188.5 million adjusted to reflect acquired cash, assumed liabilities and preliminary net working capital adjustments.

The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants by the parties. Subject to certain limitations and conditions, the seller and the equity holders of the seller do not have indemnity obligation for damages resulting from breaches or inaccuracies of the representations, warranties, and covenants of the seller, GRSI and the equity holders as set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The Purchase Agreement also provided for the establishment of an escrow account in order to satisfy (i) any downward adjustment of the purchase price base on GRSI's net working capital at the closing and (ii) certain specified indemnification obligations of the seller and equity holders that may arise following the closing. The escrow account is funded by an aggregate amount of approximately $4.3 million and the stock consideration. A representations and warranties insurance policy has been purchased by the Company in connection with the Purchase Agreement, under which the Company may seek recourse for breaches of the representations and warranties of the seller, GRSI and the equity holders. The representations and warranties insurance policy is subject to certain customary exclusions and a deductible.

In accordance with ASU 2017-01, the Company evaluated the transaction as an acquisition of a business. We are still assessing the acquisition price to the fair value of the assets and liabilities of GRSi at the acquisition date. We are awaiting the fair values of the intangibles assets from the third party valuation firm. The preliminary purchase price and its allocation are shown below and are subject to change once the valuation is complete. Based on the unaudited financial statements of GRSi on December 8, 2022, we accounted for the total acquisition consideration and allocation of fair value to the related assets and liabilities on a preliminary basis as follows (in thousands):


Preliminary purchase price for GRSi	$	188,458



Purchase price allocation:
Cash	747
Accounts receivable	25,468
Other current assets	1,354
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(2,449)
Payroll liabilities	(7,827)
Other current liabilities	(325)
Equipment and improvements, net	463
Other long-term assets and liabilities	(611)
Intangible assets	98,004
Total identifiable net assets acquired	114,824

Goodwill	73,634

All operating units are aggregated into a single reportable segment. The acquisition of GRSi did not create an additional reportable segment as all operations report to a single Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM), serve a similar customer base, and provide similar services within a common regulatory environment. The goodwill represents intellectual capital and the acquired workforce, of which both do not qualify as a separate intangible asset. The tax deductible goodwill is in the process of being calculated.

During the three months ended December 31, 2022 following the completion of the acquisition, GRSi contributed approximately $6.9 million of revenue and $0.3 million of income from operations.

The following table presents certain results for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 as though the acquisition of GRSi had occurred on October 1, 2021. The unaudited pro forma information is presented for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of our results if the acquisition had taken place on that date. The pro forma information was prepared by combining our reported historical results with the historical results of ~~its operations, we expect that~~GRSi for the pre-acquisition periods. In addition, the reported historical amounts were adjusted for the following items, net of associated tax effects:

•The impact ~~to be largely mitigated~~of recording GRSi's intangible asset amortization.

•The impact of interest expense for the new credit facility.

•The removal of legacy GRSi director's fees.

•The removal of transaction costs for the acquisition incurred by ~~the nature of our work and our ability to modify performance to accommodate those restrictions.~~GRSi.


	(in thousands)
	Three Months Ended
	December 31,
Pro forma results	2022		2021
Revenue	$	99,823	$	178,854

Net income (loss)	$	2,181	$	6,857

Number of shares outstanding - basic	13,306		12,749
Number of shares outstanding - diluted	14,276		14,295

Basic earnings per share (loss)	$0.16		$0.54
Diluted earnings per share (loss)	$0.15		$0.48

5. Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue over time when there is a continuous transfer of control to our customer. For our U.S. government contracts, this continuous transfer of control to the customer is supported by clauses in the contract that allow the U.S. government to unilaterally terminate the contract for convenience, pay us for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit and take control of any work in process. When control is transferred over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. For services contracts, we satisfy our performance obligations as services are rendered. We use cost-based input and time-based output methods to measure progress.

Contract costs include labor, material, and allocable indirect expenses. For time-and-material contracts, we bill the customer per labor hour and per material, and revenue is recognized in the amount invoiced since the amount corresponds directly to the value of our performance to date. We consider control to transfer when we have a present right to payment. Essentially, all of our contracts satisfy their performance obligations over time. Contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements. Contract modifications impact performance obligations when the modification either creates new or changes the existing enforceable rights and obligations. The effect of a contract modification on the transaction price and our measure of progress for the performance obligation to which it relates is recognized as an adjustment to revenue and profit cumulatively. Furthermore, a significant change in one or more estimates could affect the profitability of our contracts. We recognize adjustments in estimated profit on contracts in the period identified.

For time-and-materials contracts, revenue is recognized to the extent of billable rates times hours delivered plus materials and other reimbursable costs incurred. Revenue for cost-reimbursable contracts is recorded as reimbursable costs are incurred, including an estimated share of the applicable contractual fees earned. For firm-fixed-price contracts, the consideration received for our performance is set at a predetermined price. Revenue for our firm-fixed-price contracts is recognized over time using a straight-line measure of progress or using the percentage-of-completion method whereby progress toward completion is based on a comparison of actual costs incurred to total estimated costs to be incurred over the contract term. Contract costs are expensed as incurred. Estimated losses are recognized when identified.

~~Contract assets~~ - Amounts are invoiced as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms. In part, revenue recognition occurs before we have the right to bill, resulting in contract assets. These contract assets are reported within receivables on our consolidated balance sheets and are invoiced in accordance with payment terms defined in each contract. Period end balances will vary from period to period due to agreed-upon contractual terms.

~~Contract liabilities~~ ~~- Amounts are a result of billings in excess of costs incurred.~~

The following table summarizes the contract balances recognized on the Company's consolidated balance sheets as follows (in thousands):

March 31, September 30,
Ref 2022 2021
Contract assets $ 19,321 $ 7,307
Contract liabilities (a) $ 200 $ 22,473

~~Ref (a): Contract liabilities are primarily due to contract start up funding provided under a contract awarded at the end of fiscal year 2021, which were performed by March 31, 2022.~~



	December 31,		September 30,
	2022		2022

Contract assets	$	10,740	$	7,682
Contract liabilities	$	509	$	—

Disaggregation of ~~revenue~~Revenue from ~~contracts~~Contracts with ~~customers~~Customers

We disaggregate our revenue from contracts with customers by customer, contract type, as well as whether the Company acts as prime contractor or subcontractor. We believe these categories best depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The following series of tables present our revenue disaggregated by these categories:

Revenue by customer for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 as follows (in thousands):

Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
March 31, March 31,
2022 2021 2022 2021
Department of Homeland Security $ 39,978 $ 167 $ 131,306 $ 339
Department of Veterans Affairs 30,733 27,871 58,926 55,513
Department of Health and Human Services 27,584 23,341 50,710 43,503
Department of Defense 8,460 7,522 16,955 14,502
Other 1,944 2,605 3,603 5,501
Total Revenue $ 108,699 $ 61,506 $ 261,500 $ 119,358





	2022		2021
Department of Veterans Affairs	$	33,708	$	28,193
Department of Health and Human Services	27,305		23,126
Department of Defense	10,263		8,495
Department of Homeland Security	167		91,328
Other	1,295		1,659
Total	$	72,738	$	152,801

Revenue by contract type for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 as follows (in thousands):

Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
March 31, March 31,
2022 2021 2022 2021
Time and Materials $ 85,860 $ 46,508 $ 218,400 $ 90,702
Cost Reimbursable 12,275 12,005 22,385 23,726
Firm Fixed Price 10,564 2,993 20,715 4,930
Total Revenue $ 108,699 $ 61,506 $ 261,500 $ 119,358





	2022		2021
Time and Materials	$	48,991	$	132,540
Cost Reimbursable	12,580		10,110
Firm Fixed Price	11,167		10,151
Total	$	72,738	$	152,801

Revenue by whether the Company acts as a prime contractor or a subcontractor for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 as follows (in thousands):


		Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
		March 31,				March 31,
		2022		2021		2022		2021			2022		2021
Prime Contractor	Prime Contractor	$	100,012	$	53,888	$	246,119	$	105,652	Prime Contractor	$	67,981	$	146,107
Subcontractor	Subcontractor	8,687		7,618		15,381		13,706		Subcontractor	4,757		6,694
Total Revenue		$	108,699	$	61,506	$	261,500	$	119,358
Total										Total	$	72,738	$	152,801

6. Leases

~~We have leases for facilities and office equipment. Our~~The following table summarizes lease ~~liabilities are recognized as thepresent value of the future minimum lease payments~~over the lease term. Our right-of-use assets are recognized as the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term plus lease payments made to the lessor before or at lease commencement less unamortized lease incentives and the balance remaining in deferred rent liability under ASC 840. Our lease payments consist of fixed and in-substance fixed amounts attributable to the use of the underlying asset over the lease term. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index rate or are not in-substance fixed payments are excluded in the measurement of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities and are expensed in the period incurred. The incremental borrowing ratebalances presented on our credit facility was used in determining the present value of future minimum lease payments. Some of our lease agreements include options to extend the lease term or terminate the lease. These options are accounted for in our right-of-use assets and lease liabilities when it is reasonably certain that the Company will extend the lease term or terminate the lease. The Company does not have any finance leases. consolidated balance sheets as follows (in thousands):


	December 31,		September 30,
	2022		2022
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	19,595	$	16,851

Operating lease liabilities, current	$	3,379	$	2,235
Operating lease liabilities - long-term	18,221		16,461
Total operating lease liabilities	$	21,600	$	18,696

As of ~~March~~December 31, 2022, operating leases for facilities and equipment have remaining lease terms of ~~0.7~~0.1 to ~~9.0~~8.3 years.

~~The following table summarizes lease balances in our consolidated balance sheets at March~~For the three months ended December 31, 2022 and ~~September 30,~~ 2021, total lease costs for our operating leases as follows (in thousands):

March 31, September 30,
2022 2021
Operating lease right-of-use assets $ 17,999 $ 19,919
Operating lease liabilities, current $ 2,216 $ 2,261
Operating lease liabilities - long-term 17,582 19,374
Total operating lease liabilities $ 19,798 $ 21,635





	2022		2021
Operating	$	947	$	952
Short-term	43		27
Variable	31		18
Sublease income (a)	(71)		(69)
Total lease costs	$	950	$	928

(a) The Company subleases a portion of 1one of its leased facilities. The sublease is classified as an operating lease with respect to the underlying asset. The sublease term is 5 years and includes 2two additional 1-year term extension options.

~~For the three and six months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, total lease costs for our operating leases are as follows (in thousands):~~

Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
March 31, March 31,
2022 2021 2022 2021
Operating $ 863 $ 890 $ 1,815 $ 1,860
Short-term 25 42 52 71
Variable 27 25 45 30
Sublease income (50) (92) (119) (187)
Total lease costs $ 865 $ 865 $ 1,793 $ 1,774

1213

The Company's future minimum lease payments as of ~~March~~December 31, 2022 ~~are~~ as ~~follows:~~follows (in thousands):


For the Fiscal Year Ending September 30,	For the Fiscal Year Ending September 30,	(in thousands)		For the Fiscal Year Ending September 30,
2022 (remaining)		$	1,682
2023		3,299
2023 (remaining)				2023 (remaining)	$	3,455
2024	2024	3,156		2024	4,568
2025	2025	2,995		2025	3,884
2026	2026	3,092		2026	3,656
2027				2027	2,582
Thereafter	Thereafter	11,000		Thereafter	8,513
Total future lease payments	Total future lease payments	25,224		Total future lease payments	26,658
Less: imputed interest	Less: imputed interest	(5,426)		Less: imputed interest	(5,058)
Present value of future minimum lease payments	Present value of future minimum lease payments	19,798		Present value of future minimum lease payments	21,600
Less: current portion of operating lease liabilities	Less: current portion of operating lease liabilities	(2,216)		Less: current portion of operating lease liabilities	(3,379)
Long-term operating lease liabilities	Long-term operating lease liabilities	$	17,582	Long-term operating lease liabilities	$	18,221

At ~~March~~December 31, 2022, the weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate are ~~7.9~~6.6 years and 6%6.38%, respectively. The calculation of the weighted-average discount rate was determined based on borrowing terms from our ~~senior credit facility.~~secured term loan.

Other information related to our leases isfor the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 as ~~follows:~~follows (in thousands):

Six Months Ended
March 31,
2022 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities $ 1,729 $ 1,667




	2022		2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities	$	1,022	$	905


Lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets	$	3,541	$	—

7. Supporting Financial Information

Accounts receivable

(in thousands)
March 31, September 30,
2022 2021
Billed receivables $ 42,831 $ 26,140
Contract assets 19,321 7,307
Total accounts receivable $ 62,152 $ 33,447

The following table summarizes accounts receivable presented on our consolidated balance sheets as follows (in thousands):

Accounts receivable are non-interest bearing, unsecured and carried at net realizable value. We evaluate our receivables on a quarterly basis and determine whether an allowance is appropriate based on specific collection issues. No allowance for doubtful accounts was deemed necessary at either March 31, 2022 or September 30, 2021.



	December 31,		September 30,
	2022		2022
Billed receivables	$	54,438	$	32,814
Contract assets	10,740		7,682
Allowance for doubtful accounts	—		—
Accounts receivable	$	65,178	$	40,496

~~Other current assets~~

(in thousands)
March 31, September 30,
2022 2021
Prepaid insurance and benefits $ 180 $ 655
Other receivables 1,147 995
Other prepaid expenses 2,272 2,615
Other current assets $ 3,599 $ 4,265

1314

Other current assets

The following table summarizes other current assets presented on our consolidated balance sheets as follows (in thousands):



	December 31,		September 30,
	2022		2022
Prepaid insurance and benefits	$	601	$	737
Other receivables	922		945
Prepaid licenses and other expenses	1,726		1,196

Other current assets	$	3,249	$	2,878

Equipment and improvements, net

(in thousands)
March 31, September 30,
Ref 2022 2021
Furniture and equipment $ 958 $ 958
Computer equipment 1,329 1,262
Computer software 4,375 4,353
Leasehold improvements 1,595 1,595
Total equipment and improvements 8,257 8,168
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (a) (6,830) (6,256)
Equipment and improvements, net $ 1,427 $ 1,912

The following table summarizes equipment and improvements, net presented on our consolidated balance sheets as follows (in thousands):

~~Ref (a):~~



	December 31,		September 30,
	2022		2022
Furniture and equipment	$	893	$	893
Computer equipment	2,730		2,316
Computer software	4,407		4,407
Leasehold improvements	1,614		1,614
Total equipment and improvements	9,644		9,230
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(7,769)		(7,526)
Equipment and improvements, net	$	1,875	$	1,704

Depreciation expense was $0.2 million and ~~$0.4~~$0.3 million for the three months ended ~~March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $0.6 million and $0.8 million, for the six months ended March~~December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Intangible assets

(in thousands)
March 31, September 30,
Ref 2022 2021
Intangible assets (a)
Customer contracts and related customer relationships $ 62,281 $ 62,281
Covenants not to compete 522 522
Trade name 3,051 3,051
Total intangible assets 65,854 65,854
Less accumulated amortization
Customer contracts and related customer relationships (20,492) (17,378)
Covenants not to compete (290) (264)
Trade name (895) (743)
Total accumulated amortization (21,677) (18,385)
Intangible assets, net $ 44,177 $ 47,469

The following table summarizes intangible assets, net presented on our consolidated balance sheets as follows (in thousands):

Ref (a): Intangible assets (other than goodwill) are subject to amortization. These intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of 10 years. The total amount of amortization



	December 31,		September 30,
	2022		2022
Intangible assets
Customer contracts and related customer relationships	$	150,187	$	62,281
Covenants not to compete	637		522
Trade name	13,034		3,051

Total intangible assets	163,858		65,854
Less: accumulated amortization
Customer contracts and related customer relationships	(25,622)		(23,606)
Covenants not to compete	(330)		(316)
Trade name	(1,177)		(1,048)
Total accumulated amortization	(27,129)		(24,970)
Intangible assets, net	$	136,729	$	40,884

Amortization expense was $2.2 million and $1.6 million for the three months ended ~~March 31, 2022 and 2021 and $3.3 million for the six months ended March~~December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Estimated amortization expense for the following fiscal years ending September 30: (in thousands)
2022 (remaining) $ 3,293
2023 6,585
2024 6,585
2025 6,585
2026 5,851
Thereafter 15,278
Total amortization expense $ 44,177

1415

As of December 31, 2022, the estimated amortization expense per fiscal year as follows (in thousands):

~~Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other current liabilities~~

(in thousands)
March 31, September 30,
2022 2021
Accounts payable $ 27,300 $ 16,684
Accrued benefits 4,257 2,916
Accrued bonus and incentive compensation 1,800 2,381
Accrued workers' compensation insurance 5,100 7,014
Other accrued expenses 5,860 3,722
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other current liabilities $ 44,317 $ 32,717


2023 (remaining)	$	12,218
2024	16,214
2025	16,214
2026	15,479
2027	14,451
Thereafter	62,153

Total amortization expense	$	136,729

~~Debt obligations~~

(in thousands)
March 31, September 30,
Ref 2022 2021
Bank term loan $ 37,500 $ 46,750
Less: unamortized deferred financing costs (1,862) (2,114)
Long-term portion of bank debt obligations, net of deferred financing costs (a) $ 35,638 $ 44,636
Goodwill

~~Ref (a): As~~The change in the carrying amount of ~~March~~goodwill for the three months ended December 31, 2022 as follows (in thousands):



Balance at September 30, 2022	$	65,643
Preliminary increase from GRSi acquisition (a)	73,634
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	139,277

Ref (a) The Company is currently assessing the valuation of the GRSi acquisition to make the final purchase price adjustments which may impact the final carrying value of Goodwill. The balance provided is an estimate and ~~September 30, 2021, we had no outstanding balance~~subject to revision. Please refer to Note 4 for more information.

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

The following table summarizes accounts payable and accrued liabilities presented on our ~~revolving line of credit~~consolidated balance sheets as follows (in thousands):



	December 31,		September 30,
	2022		2022
Accounts payable	$	16,489	$	11,886
Accrued benefits (a)	3,108		3,857
Accrued bonus and incentive compensation	916		3,625
Accrued workers' compensation insurance	2,795		4,880
Accrued fringe (b)	1,099		775
Accrued interest payable	1,088		—
Accrued purchase price adjustment	3,379		—
Other accrued expenses	3,837		1,839
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	32,711	$	26,862

(a) Includes employee insurance plans and ~~have satisfied mandatory principal payments covering~~other related benefits.

(b) Includes the 401(k) plan and other fringe benefits.

Debt obligations

The following ~~twelve months.~~table summarizes debt obligations presented on our consolidated balance sheets as follows (in thousands):



	December 31,		September 30,
	2022		2022
Secured revolving line of credit	$	16,939	$	—
Secured term loan	186,438		22,000
Less: unamortized deferred financing costs	(8,930)		(1,584)
Net bank debt obligations	194,447		20,416
Less: current portion of debt obligations, net of deferred financing costs	(28,505)		—
Long-term portion of debt obligations, net of deferred financing costs	$	165,942	$	20,416

Interest ~~income (expense)~~

Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
March 31, March 31,
(in thousands) Ref 2022 2021 2022 2021
Interest expense (a) $ (386) $ (801) $ (907) $ (1,671)
Amortization of deferred financing costs (b) (168) (203) (319) (413)
Interest expense, net $ (554) $ (1,004) $ (1,226) $ (2,084)
expense

~~Ref~~ The following table summarizes interest expense presented on our consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 as follows (in thousands):





	2022		2021
Interest expense (a)	$	1,554	$	521
Amortization of deferred financing costs (b)	276		151



Interest expense	$	1,830	$	672

(a): Interest expense on ~~borrowing~~borrowing.

~~Ref~~ (b): Amortization of expenses related to secured term loan and secured revolving line of ~~credit~~credit.

8. Credit Facilities

A summary of our ~~loan facility~~credit facilities as of ~~March~~December 31, 2022 isand September 30, 2022 as ~~follows:~~follows (in millions):

~~($ in thousands)~~

~~As of March 31, 2022~~

~~Lender~~

~~Arrangement~~

~~Loan Balance~~

~~Interest~~

~~Maturity Date~~

~~First National Bank of Pennsylvania ("FNB")~~

~~Secured term loan (a)~~

~~37,500~~

~~LIBOR* + 2.5%~~

~~09/30/2025~~

~~First National Bank of Pennsylvania ("FNB")~~

~~Secured revolving line of credit (b)~~

—

~~LIBOR* + 2.5%~~

~~09/30/2025~~

December 31, 2022

September 30, 2022

Arrangement

Loan Balance

Interest

Arrangement

Loan Balance

Interest

Secured term loan (a) due December 8, 2027

186.4

SOFR* + 4.2%

Secured term loan due September 30, 2025

22.0

LIBOR + 2.5%

Secured revolving line of credit (b) due December 8, 2027

16.9

SOFR* + 4.2%

Secured Revolving line of Credit due September 20, 2025

—

LIBOR + 2.5%

*~~LIBOR rate~~Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") as of ~~March~~December 31, 2022 was ~~0.46%. As of March 31, 2022, our LIBOR rate is subject to a minimum floor of 0.5%~~4.23%.

(a) Represents the principal amounts payable on our term loan, which is secured by liens on substantially all of the assets of the Company. The principal of the term loan is payable in quarterly installments with the remaining balance due on ~~September 30, 2025.~~December 8, 2027.

The Credit Agreement requires compliance with a number of financial covenants and contains restrictions on our ability to engage in certain transactions. Among other matters, we must comply with limitations on the following: granting liens; incurring other indebtedness; maintenance of assets; investments in other entities and extensions of credit; mergers and consolidations; and changes in nature of business. The loan agreement also requires us to comply with certain quarterly financial covenants including: (i) a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.25 to 1.00, and (ii) a ~~Funded Indebtedness to Adjusted EBITDA~~total leverage ratio not exceeding the ratio of ~~3.75:~~4.50:1.0 to ~~2.75:~~2.00:1.0 through maturity. ~~Adjusted EBITDA~~The total leverage ratio is calculated by dividing the Company's total interest-bearing debt by net income adjusted to exclude (i) interest and

other expenses, (ii) provision for or benefit from income taxes, if any, (iii) depreciation and amortization, and (iv) non-cash charges, losses or expenses, including stock-based compensation, and (v) non-recurring charges, losses or expenses to include transaction and non-cash equity expense. ~~The term loan has an interest rate spread range from 2.5% to 4.5% depending on the funded indebtedness to adjusted EBITDA ratio.~~ We are in compliance with all loan covenants and restrictions.

We are required to pay quarterly amortization payments, which commenced in December ~~2020.~~2022. The annual amortization amounts are ~~$7.0 million each for fiscal years 2021 and 2022, $8.75~~$14.25 million each for fiscal years 2023 ~~through~~and 2024, $19.0 million each for fiscal years 2025 and 2026, and $23.75 million for fiscal year 2027, with the remaining unpaid loan balance due at maturity in ~~September 2025.~~December 2027. The quarterly payments are equal installments. The Company made ~~voluntary prepayments~~a mandatory prepayment of ~~term debt of approximately $5.4~~$3.6 million during the quarter ended ~~March~~December 31, 2022 bringing the ~~total amount paid~~outstanding principal balance on the secured term loan to ~~$32.5~~$186.4 million. We have satisfied mandatory principal amortization until ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024.~~2023.

In addition to quarterly payments of the outstanding indebtedness, the loan agreement also requires annual payments of a percentage of excess cash flow, as defined in the loan agreement. The loan agreement states that an excess cash flow recapture payment must be made equal to (a) 75% of the excess cash flow for the immediately preceding fiscal year in which ~~indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA~~the total leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 2.50:1.0; (b) 50% of the excess cash flow for the immediately preceding fiscal year in which the ~~funded indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA Ratio~~total leverage ratio is less than 2.50:1.0 but greater than or equal to 1.5:1.0; or (c) 0% of the excess cash flow for the immediately preceding fiscal year in which the ~~funded indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA Ratio~~total leverage ratio is less than 1.5:1.0. In addition, the Company must make additional mandatory prepayment of amounts outstanding based on proceeds received from asset sales and sales of certain ~~equity securities or other~~ indebtedness. For additional information regarding the schedule of future payment obligations, please refer to Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies.

On September 30, 2019, we executed a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap with First National Bank ("FNB") as ~~counter party.~~counter-party. The notional amount in the floating-to-fixed interest rate swap as of ~~March~~December 31, 2022 is ~~$22.8~~$16.2 million and matures in 2024. The remaining outstanding balance of our term loan is subject to interest rate fluctuations. On the notional amount, the Company pays a base fixed rate of 1.61%, plus applicable credit spread. As a result, for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~March~~December 31, 2022, interest expense has been ~~increased~~decreased by approximately ~~$0.2~~$0.1 million.

(b) The secured revolving line of credit has a ceiling of up to ~~$25.0~~$70.0 million; as of ~~March~~December 31, 2022 we had unused borrowing capacity of ~~$23.0~~$31.2 million, ~~which~~which is net of outstanding letters of credit. Borrowing on the line of credit is secured by liens on substantially all of the assets of the Company. The Company accessed funds from the revolving credit facility during the quarter, but had noan outstanding balance at ~~March~~December 31, ~~2022.~~2022 of $16.9 million.

The Company's total borrowing availability, based on eligible accounts ~~receivables~~receivable at ~~March~~December 31, 2022, was ~~$25.0~~$70.0 million. As part of the revolving credit facility, the lenders agreed to a sublimit of $5 million for letters of credit for the account of the Company, subject to applicable procedures.

The revolving line of credit has a maturity date of ~~September 30, 2025~~December 8, 2027 and is subject to loan covenants as described above. The Company is fully compliant with those covenants.

9. Stock-Based Compensation and Equity Grants

Stock-based compensation expense

Options issued under equity incentive plans were designated as either incentive stock or non-statutory stock options. No option is granted with a term of more than 10 years from the date of grant. Exercisability of option awards may depend on achievement of certain performance measures determined by the Compensation Committee of our Board. Shares issued upon option exercise are newly issued shares. As of ~~March~~December 31, 2022, there were 1.4 million ~~options~~shares available for ~~grant.~~grant under the 2016 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan.

Stock-based compensation expense, shown in the table below, is recorded in general and administrative expenses included in our ~~Consolidated Statements~~consolidated statements of ~~Operations:~~

Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
Ref March 31, March 31,
(in thousands) 2022 2021 2022 2021
DLH employees (a) $ 647 $ 270 $ 985 $ 612
Non-employee directors (b) 162 116 324 232
Total stock option expense $ 809 $ 386 $ 1,309 $ 844
operations for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 as follows (in thousands):

~~Ref~~





	2022		2021
DLH employees (a)	$	372	$	338
Non-employee directors (b)	180		162
Total stock option expense	$	552	$	500

(a): Included in this amount are equity grants of restricted stock units to ~~Named~~ Executive Officers, ~~("NEO"),~~ which were issued in accordance with the DLH long-term incentive compensation policy in this fiscal year, and stock option grants to ~~NEO~~executive officers and ~~non-NEO~~non-executive company employees. The restricted stock units totaled ~~161,485~~140,404 and 147,431 restricted stock units issued and outstanding at ~~March~~December 31, ~~2022.~~2022 and 2021, respectively.

~~Ref~~ (b): Equity grants of restricted stock units were made in accordance with DLH compensation policy for non-employee directors and a total of 58,517 and 53,510 restricted stock units were issued and outstanding at ~~March~~December 31, ~~2022.~~2022 and 2021, respectively.

Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense

Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense is presented in the table below for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 as follows (in thousands):

~~March 31,~~

~~Ref~~

~~2022~~

~~Unrecognized expense for DLH employees~~

~~(a)~~

~~5,982~~

~~Unrecognized expense for non-employee directors~~

~~324~~

~~Total unrecognized expense~~

~~6,306~~




	2022		2021
Unrecognized expense for DLH employees (a)	$	4,750	$	5,592
Unrecognized expense for non-employee directors	538		486
Total unrecognized expense	$	5,288	$	6,078

~~Ref~~ (a): The remaining compensation expense is recognized as the requisite service is rendered. The compensation expense for that portion of awards has been based on the grant-date fair value of those awards as calculated for recognition purposes under applicable guidance. For options that vest based on the Company's common stock achieving and maintaining defined market prices, the Company values the awards with a Monte Carlo binomial model that utilizes various probability factors and other criterion in establishing fair value of the grant. The related compensation expense is recognized over the derived service period determined in the valuation. On a weighted average basis, ~~this~~the unrecognized expense for the three months ended December 31, 2022 is expected to be recognized within the next ~~4.39~~3.70 years.

Stock option activity for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~March~~December 31, 2022

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table below represents the total pretax intrinsic value (i.e., the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the period and the exercise price, times the number of shares) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their in the money options on those dates. This amount will change based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock.


				(in years)
				Weighted
		Weighted		Average	(in thousands)
	(in thousands)	Average		Remaining	Aggregate
	Number of	Exercise		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Shares	Price		Term	Value




Options outstanding, September 30, 2022	2,392	$	7.05	5.40	$	13,566
Exercised	(250)	0.95		—	—

Cancelled	(25)	8.96		—	—
Options outstanding, December 31, 2022	2,117	$	7.74	5.78	$	9,913

(in years)
Weighted
Weighted Average (in thousands)
(in thousands) Average Remaining Aggregate
Number of Exercise Contractual Intrinsic
Shares Price Term Value
Options outstanding, September 30, 2021 2,374 $ 5.60 5.6 $ 15,899
Exercised (26) $ 10.08 — —
Granted 250 $ 16.01 — $ —
Options outstanding, March 31, 2022 2,598 $ 6.56 5.5 $ 32,159

Stock options shares outstanding, vested and unvested for the periods ended ~~(in~~as follows (shares in thousands):

Number of Shares
March 31, September 30,
Ref 2022 2021
Vested and exercisable (a) 2,348 1,662
Unvested (b) 250 712
Options outstanding 2,598 2,374

~~Ref~~



	December 31,	September 30,
	2022	2022
Vested and exercisable (a)	1,892	2,117
Unvested (b)	225	275
Options outstanding	2,117	2,392

(a)~~: Weighted~~ The weighted average exercise price of vested and exercisable shares was ~~$5.55~~$6.74 and ~~$3.91~~$5.86 at ~~March~~December 31, 2022 and September 30, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. Aggregate intrinsic value was approximately ~~$31.4~~$9.9 million and ~~$13.9~~$13.6 million at ~~March~~December 31, 2022 and September 30, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. ~~Weighted~~The weighted average contractual term remaining was ~~5.1~~5.4 years and ~~4.0~~4.9 years at ~~March~~December 31, 2022 and September 30, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

~~Ref~~ (b): Certain awards vest upon satisfaction of certain performance criteria.

10. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and restricted stock grants that vested or are likely to vest during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of basic common shares outstanding, adjusted to reflect potentially dilutive securities. Diluted earnings per share is calculated using the treasury stock method.

(In thousands)
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
March 31, March 31,
2022 2021 2022 2021
Numerator:
Net income $ 7,178 $ 2,567 $ 14,982 $ 4,381
Denominator:
Denominator for basic net income per share - weighted-average outstanding shares 12,778 12,544 12,763 12,521
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options and restricted stock 1,664 1,026 1,605 1,047
Denominator for diluted net income per share - weighted-average outstanding shares 14,442 13,570 14,368 13,568
Net income per share - basic $ 0.56 $ 0.20 $ 1.17 $ 0.35
Net income per share - diluted $ 0.50 $ 0.19 $ 1.04 $ 0.32

Earnings per share information is presented in the table below for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 as follows (in thousands except for per share amounts):





	2022		2021
Numerator:
Net income	$	1,547	$	7,804
Denominator:
Denominator for basic net income per share - weighted-average outstanding shares	13,306		12,749
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options and restricted stock	970		1,546
Denominator for diluted net income per share - weighted-average outstanding shares	14,276		14,295

Net income per share - basic	$	0.12	$	0.61
Net income per share - diluted	$	0.11	$	0.55

11. Commitments and Contingencies

Contractual obligations as of ~~March~~December 31, 2022 as follows (in thousands):


				Payments Due Per Fiscal Year															Payments Due Per Fiscal Year
				(Remaining)															(Remaining)
		Total		2022		2023		2024		2025		2026		Thereafter			Total		2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		Thereafter
Debt obligations	Debt obligations	$	37,500	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	37,500	$	—	$	—	Debt obligations	$	203,377	$	18,544	$	23,333	$	19,000	$	19,000	$	23,750	$	99,750
Facility operating leases	Facility operating leases	25,047		1,640		3,216		3,104		2,995		3,092		11,000		Facility operating leases	26,544		3,393		4,516		3,884		3,656		2,582		8,513
Equipment operating leases	Equipment operating leases	177		42		83		52		—		—		—		Equipment operating leases	114		62		52		—		—		—		—
Total contractual obligations	Total contractual obligations	$	62,724	$	1,682	$	3,299	$	3,156	$	40,495	$	3,092	$	11,000	Total contractual obligations	$	230,035	$	21,999	$	27,901	$	22,884	$	22,656	$	26,332	$	108,263

~~Worker's~~

Workers' Compensation

We accrue ~~worker's~~workers' compensation expense based on claims submitted, applying actuarial loss development factors to estimate the costs incurred but not yet recorded. Our accrued liability for claims development as of ~~March~~December 31, 2022 and September 30, ~~2021~~2022 was ~~$5.1~~$3.6 million and ~~$7.0~~$4.9 million, respectively.

Legal Proceedings

As a commercial enterprise and employer, the Company is subject to various claims and legal actions in the ordinary course of business. These matters can include professional liability, workers’ compensation, tax, payroll and employee-related matters, other commercial disputes arising in the course of its business, and inquiries and investigations by governmental agencies regarding our employment practices or other matters. The Company is not aware of any pending or threatened litigation that it believes is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

12. Related Party Transactions

The Company has determined that ~~as of March 31, 2022 and September 30, 2021 and~~ for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~March~~December 31, 2022 there were no significant related party transactions that have occurred which require disclosure through the date that these consolidated financial statements were issued.

ITEM 2: MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

~~Forward Looking~~Forward-Looking and Cautionary Statements

You should read the following discussion in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, ~~2021,~~2022, and in other reports we have subsequently filed with the SEC. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain statements that are forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Certain statements contained in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Any statements that refer to expectations, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances or that are not statements of historical fact (including without limitation statements to the effect that the Company or its management “believes”, “expects”, “anticipates”, “plans”, “intends” and similar expressions) should be considered ~~forward looking~~forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties which could cause actual events or DLH’s actual results to differ materially from those indicated by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this report include, among others, statements regarding benefits of the acquisition, estimates of future revenues, operating income, earnings, earnings per share, backlog, and cash flows. These statements reflect our belief and assumptions as to future events that may not prove to be accurate. Our actual results may differ materially from such forward-looking statements made in this report due to a variety of factors, including: the ~~ongoing impact~~continuation of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) ~~pandemic,~~, including the measures to reduce its spread, and its impact on the economy and demand for our services, which are uncertain, cannot be predicted, and may precipitate or exacerbate other risks and uncertainties; the ~~risk that we will not realize~~failure to achieve the anticipated benefits of ~~an acquisition;~~our acquisition of GRSi or any future acquisition (including anticipated future financial operating performance and results); the diversion of management’s attention from normal daily operations of the business and the challenges of managing larger and more widespread operations resulting from our recent acquisition; the ~~acquisition;~~inability to retain employees and customers; contract awards in connection with re-competes for present business and/or competition for new business; our ability to manage our increased debt obligations; compliance with ~~new~~ bank financial and other covenants; changes in client budgetary priorities; government contract procurement (such as bid and award protests, small business set asides, loss of work due to organizational conflicts of interest, etc.) and termination risks; the ability to successfully integrate the operations of GRSi or any future acquisitions; the impact of inflation and higher interest ~~rates on our cost structure;~~rates; and other risks described in our SEC filings. For a discussion of such risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements, see “Risk Factors” in the Company’s periodic reports filed with the SEC, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, ~~2021,~~2022, as well as interim quarterly filings thereafter. The forward-looking statements contained herein are not historical facts, but rather are based on current expectations, estimates, assumptions and projections about our industry and business. Such forward-looking statements are made as of the date hereof and may become outdated over time. The Company does not assume any responsibility for updating forward-looking statements.

Business and Markets Overview

DLH ~~Holdings Corp. is a provider of technology-enabled business process outsourcing~~enhances public health and ~~program management~~national security readiness missions through science, technology, cyber, and engineering solutions and ~~public health research and analytics offerings.~~services. We are primarily focused on improving and better deploying large-scale federal health and human service initiatives. The Company derives 99% of its revenue from agencies of the Federal government, providing services to several agencies including the Department of Veteran Affairs ("VA"), Department of Health and Human Services ("HHS"), ~~and the~~ Department of Defense ("DoD"), and Department of Homeland Security, ("DHS"). ~~Incorporated in New Jersey in 1969,~~The following table summarizes revenue by customer for the ~~Company contracts with its government customers through its subsidiaries.~~three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 as follows (in thousands and percent):

~~In recent years,~~





	2022				2021
	Revenue		Percent of total revenue		Revenue		Percent of total revenue

Department of Veterans Affairs	$	33,708	46.4	%	$	28,193	18.5	%
Department of Health and Human Services	27,305		37.5	%	23,126		15.1	%
Department of Defense	10,263		14.1	%	8,495		5.6	%
Department of Homeland Security	167		0.2	%	91,328		59.8	%
Other customers with less than 10% share of total revenue	1,295		1.8	%	1,659		1.0	%
Total revenue	$	72,738	100.0	%	$	152,801	100.0	%

We provide solutions to three market focus areas: Defense and Veteran Health Solutions, Human Solutions and Services, and Public Health and Life Sciences. We deliver domain-specific expertise, industry best-practices and innovations to customers across these markets leveraging seven core competencies: secure data analytics, clinical trials and laboratory services, case management, performance evaluation, system modernization, operational logistics and readiness, and strategic digital communications. The Company manages its operations from its principal executive office in Atlanta, Georgia, and we have ~~successfully completed acquisitions~~a complementary headquarters office in Silver Spring, Maryland. The Company employs over 3,200 skilled employees working throughout the United States and one location overseas.

Acquisitions

On December 8, 2022, we acquired Grove Resource Solutions, LLC. ("GRSi") to increase future organic growth, diversify our customer base, and to expand into adjacent markets. ~~On June 7, 2019 we acquired Social & Scientific Systems, Inc.~~GRSi provides research and development, systems engineering and integration, and digital transformations solutions to federal agencies, notably the National Institutes of Health ("~~S3"~~NIH"), U.S. Navy and ~~on September 30, 2020, we acquired Irving Burton Associates, LLC ("IBA").~~

~~Our business offerings are aligned~~U.S. Marine Corp. For further information, refer to ~~three market focus areas within~~Note 4 of the ~~federal health services market space.~~

•~~Defense and Veteran Health Solutions;~~

•~~Human Services and Solutions;~~

•~~Public Health and Life Sciences;~~accompanying notes to our consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this report.

~~The following table summarizes the revenues by market for the six months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively:~~

Six Months Ended
March 31,
2022 2021
(in thousands) Revenue Percent of total revenue Revenue Percent of total revenue
Human Services and Solutions $ 149,320 57.1 % $ 16,306 13.7 %
Defense and Veteran Health Solutions 75,881 29.0 % 70,442 59.0 %
Public Health and Life Sciences 36,299 13.9 % 32,610 27.3 %
Total Revenue $ 261,500 100.0 % $ 119,358 100.0 %

~~Position and Distribution of Services and Solutions in Our Markets~~

~~The markets in which we compete and the manner in which we are positioned within them are characterized by a number of features including, but not limited to:~~

•~~specialized credentials and licenses held by a substantial component of our employee base;~~

•~~prime contractor position in contracts representing 94% of our revenue for the six months ended March 31, 2022;~~

•~~strong past performance record, as evidenced by our VA customer scoring among the highest in overall satisfaction in the J.D. Power National Pharmacy Study over recent years; and~~

•~~targeted expansion in critical national priority markets with Federal budget stability and strong bipartisan support~~Major Contracts

We operate primarily through prime contracts awarded by the government through competitive bidding processes. We have a diverse mix of contract vehicles with various agencies of the United ~~States Government,~~State government, which supports our overall corporate growth strategy. Our revenue for the six months ended March 31, 2022 is distributed to time and materials contracts (84%), cost reimbursable contracts (9%) and firm fixed price contracts (7%). We provide services under Indefinite Duration, Indefinite Quantity ("IDIQ") and government wide acquisition contracts, such as General Services Administration ("GSA") schedule contracts. The Company currently holds multiple GSA schedule contracts under which we provide services that constitute a significant percentage of our total revenue. These Federal contract schedules are renewed on a recurring basis for a multi-year ~~period.~~

~~Major Customers~~

A major customer is defined as a customer from whom we derive at least 10% of our revenues. The following table summarizes the revenues by customer for the six months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively:

~~Major Contracts~~periods.

The revenue attributable to the VA was derived from 16 separate contracts covering the Company's performance of pharmacy and logistics services in support of the VA's Consolidated Mail Outpatient Pharmacy ("CMOP") program.

•Nine contracts for pharmacy services, which represent revenues of approximately ~~$32.7~~$19.2 million and ~~$31.8~~$15.6 million for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~March~~December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, are currently operating under a bridge contract through October ~~2022. The remaining seven~~2023.

•Seven contracts for logistics services, which represent approximately ~~$26.2~~$14.5 million and ~~$23.7~~$12.6 million of revenues for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~March~~December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, are currently operating under a bridge contract through November ~~2022.~~ 2023.

The ~~government~~VA has ~~neither indicated nor announced its future~~issued a request for proposal for healthcare logistics and pharmacy services for each CMOP location. The procurement ~~strategy with respect to these contracts. Due to the time required to conduct~~was set-aside for a ~~procurement process, we expect these contracts~~service-disabled veteran owned small business ("SDVOSB") to be ~~further extended.~~solicited as the prime contractor. DLH maintains relationships with SDVOSB partners. Should the new contracts for performance of these services be awarded to a partner of DLH, the Company expects to continue to perform a significant amount of the contract’s volume of business as a subcontractor. Should the VA conclude that an award to an SDVOSB prime contractor is not in the best interest

of the government, they may reissue a solicitation in an unrestricted competition. DLH believes that its service excellence over many years on the program would provide an advantage in an unrestricted competition.

The Company's contract with HHS in support of its Head Start program generated ~~$15.7~~$9.1 million and ~~$13.4~~$6.8 million of its revenue for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~March~~December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. This contract has a period of performance through April 2025.

As previously announced, we were awarded two short-term task orders under a FEMA contract to provide support for states seeking temporary medical staffing support and COVID-19 related community testing, vaccination and therapy. Those contracts generated $130.9 million of revenue for the six months ended March 31, 2022. The contract to support COVID-19 related community testing, vaccination and therapy ended on December 31, 2021. The contract to provide temporary medical staffing support completed on March 20, 2022. We do not expect significant impact to our financial performance for the remainder of the fiscal year as activity on the projects will be limited to close-out activities.

We remain dependent upon the continuation of our relationships with the VA and HHS. Our results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition would be materially adversely affected if we were unable to continue our relationship with either of these customers, if we were to lose any of our material current contracts, or if the amount of services we provide to them was to be materially reduced.

Backlog

~~Backlog represents total estimated contract value~~

At December 31, 2022, our backlog was approximately $942.7 million, of ~~predominantly multi-year government~~which $164.0 million was funded backlog. At September 30, 2022, our backlog was approximately $482.5 million, of which $98.9 million was funded backlog.

We define backlog as our estimate of remaining future revenue from existing signed contracts, assuming the exercise of all options relating to such contracts and will vary depending upon the timing of new/renewal contract awards. Backlog is based upon customer commitments that the Company believes to be firm over the remaining performance period of our contracts. The value of multi-client, competitiveincluding executed task orders issued under Indefinite ~~Delivery/~~Quantity/Indefinite ~~Quantity~~Delivery ("IDIQ") ~~contract awards is included in backlog computation only when a task order is awarded~~contracts or if the contract is a single award IDIQ contract.

We define funded backlog as the portion of backlog for which funding is appropriated and allocated to the contract by the customer and authorized for payment by the customer, once specified work is completed. Funded backlog does not include the full contract value as Congress often appropriates funding for contracts on a yearly or quarterly basis.

Circumstances and events may cause changes in the amount of our backlog and funded backlog, including the execution of new contracts, extension of existing contracts, non-renewal or completion of current contracts, early termination, and adjustments to estimates. Changes in funded backlog may be affected by the funding cycles of the government. While no assurances can be given that existing contracts will result in earned revenue in any future period, or at all, ~~the Company’s~~our major customers have historically exercised their contractual renewal options. ~~At March 31, 2022, our total backlog was approximately $554.7 million compared to $651.5 million as of September 30, 2021.~~

Backlog value is quantified from management's judgment and assumptions about the volume of services based on past volume trends and current planning developed with customers. Our backlog may consist of both funded and unfunded amounts under existing contracts including option periods. At March 31, 2022, our funded backlog was approximately $82.4 million, and our unfunded backlog was $472.3 million.

~~Forward Looking~~

Forward-Looking Business Trends

Our mission is to expand our position as a trusted provider of technology-enabled healthcare and public health services, medical logistics, and readiness enhancement services to active duty personnel, veterans, and civilian populations and communities. Our primary focus within the defense agency markets include military service members' and veterans' requirements for telehealth services, behavioral healthcare, medication therapy management, process management, clinical systems support, and healthcare delivery. Our primary focus within the civilian agency markets includes healthcare and social programs delivery and readiness. These include compliance monitoring on large scale programs, technology-enabled program management, consulting, and digital communications solutions ensuring that education, health, and social standards are being achieved within underserved and at-risk populations. We believe these business development priorities will position the Company to expand within top national priority programs and funded areas.

COVID-19 impact

We are exposed to and impacted by macroeconomic factors and U.S. government policies. Current general economic conditions, while improving, may continue to ~~be highly volatile~~experience volatility due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in both market size contractions due to economic slowdowns and government restrictions on movement during the height of the pandemic. ~~While~~We are monitoring the ~~rollout~~evolving situation related to COVID-19, and we continue to work with our stakeholders to assess further possible implications to our business. We intend to continue with employee safety measures to ensure that we can continue our operations and take other actions where appropriate to mitigate other adverse consequences. Although we cannot currently predict the overall impact of ~~vaccines has positively correlated to an improvement in macroeconomic indicators,~~COVID-19, the ~~lifting of various public health constraints, and a reduction of many restrictions on economic activity, there continues to be significant uncertainty as to~~longer the ~~effects~~duration of the ~~pandemic~~event, the more likely it is that it could have an adverse effect on ~~the economy, which may impact~~ our business, financial position, results of operations, billable expenses, and/or cash ~~flows in future periods. We~~flows. However, we have seen continued demand for the services we provide under our current contract portfolio as the services we provide are largely deemed essential. Although we have also been successful in winning new contracts tied to the need to support public health initiatives in response to the pandemic, as the public health situation improves, there may be fewer such opportunities in the future.

General uncertainty related to the pandemic, the long-term efficacy of vaccines and the spread of new variants, may nonetheless cause reduced demand for certain services we provide, particularly if it results in a recessionary economic environment or the spending priorities of the U.S. government shift in ways adverse to our business focus. Our ability to continue to operate without any significant negative impacts will in part depend on our continued ability to protect our employees. We have endeavored to follow recommended actions of government and health authorities to protect our employees and have been able to broadly maintain our operations. Further, we have partnered with our clients to adopt particular measures to protect our employees at distribution centers, and we have been and expect to continue to execute on the remainder of our contracts through remote and teleworking arrangements. We continue to monitor the evolving situation related to the COVID-19 pandemic and intend to continue to work with government authorities and other stakeholders to assess further potential implications to us, continue with employee safety measures to ensure that we are able to continue our operations during the pandemic, and take other actions where appropriate to mitigate other adverse consequences. However, uncertainty resulting from the pandemic could result in an unforeseen disruption to our operations (for example a closure of a key distribution facility) that may not be fully mitigated. To date we have experienced continuity in the majority of our work for our government clients. While there have been postponements of events and challenges around some project work requiring travel, overall, our government clients have continued to require our services. We are unable to predict whether, and to what extent, this trend will continue. It would be reasonable to expect some restriction of certain client activities due to COVID-19.

For the ~~quarter~~three months ended ~~March~~December 31, 2022, the COVID-19 pandemic ~~had an effect on our~~did not have a material impact to revenues and operating ~~results as we experienced significant revenue growth~~income.

Further, due ~~to the new task orders awarded under a FEMA contract for which we assisted Alaska in its COVID-19 response efforts. Due~~ to our ability to continue to perform on our contract portfolio and generate cash flow, we do not presently expect nor have experienced liquidity constraints related to COVID-19. We are presently in compliance with all covenants in our secured term loan and have access to a secured revolving line of credit to meet any short-term cash needs that cannot be funded by operations. As such, mandatory demands on our cash flow remain low. Further, we have not observed any material impairments of our assets or a significant change in the fair value of our assets due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Federal budget outlook for ~~2022~~2023

On ~~March 15,~~December 29, 2022, ~~funding measures were passed by Congress and~~the President signed byinto law the ~~President,~~Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 to fund the ~~federal~~Federal government for the remainder of the Federal government's 2023 fiscal year. Our ~~customer's~~customers' missions have received broad support from the legislative and executive branches of the ~~federal~~Federal government. As such, we do not anticipate or expect any significant changes to our operations.

In addition, budget deficits and the growing U.S. national debt increase pressure on the U.S. government to reduce federal spending across all federal agencies. Presently, there is significant uncertainty about the size and timing of those reductions and the actions that Congress would pursue in order to resolve them.Current and future budget restrictions and other efforts to reduce U.S. government spending could cause clients to reduce or delay funding for orders for services or invest appropriated funds on a less consistent or rapid basis or not at all, particularly in light of current uncertainty around Congressional efforts to craft a long-term agreement on the U.S. government's ability to incur indebtedness in excess of its current limits.

Industry consolidation among federal government contractors

There has been active consolidation and a strong increase in merger and acquisition activity among federal government contractors over the past few years that we expect to continue, fueled by public companies leveraging strong balance sheets. Companies often look to acquisitions that augment core capabilities, contracts, customers, market differentiators, stability, cost synergies, and higher margin and revenue streams.

Potential impact of Federal Contractual set-aside Laws and Regulations:

The Federal government has an overall goal of 23% of prime contracts flowing through small businesses. As previously reported, various agencies within the federal government have policies that support small business goals, including the adoption of the “Rule of Two” by the VA, which provides that the agency shall award contracts by restricting competition for the contract to service-disabled or other veteran owned businesses. To restrict competition pursuant to this rule, the contracting officer must reasonably expect that at least two of these businesses, which are capable of delivering the services, will submit offers and that the award can be made at a fair and reasonable price that offers best value to the United States. When two qualifying small businesses cannot be identified, the VA may proceed to award contracts following a full and open bid process.

The Company believes that its past performance in this market and track record of success provide a competitive advantage. However, the effect of set-aside provisions may limit our ability to compete for prime contractor positions on programs that we recompete or that we have targeted for growth. In these cases, the Company may elect to join a team with an eligible contractor as prime in support of such small businesses for specific pursuits that align with our core markets and corporate growth strategy.

2324

Results of Operations ~~for~~

For the ~~three months ended March~~Three Months Ended December 31, 2022 ~~and~~as Compared to the Three Months Ended December 31, 2021

The following table summarizes, for the periods indicated, consolidated statements of operations data expressed in dollars in thousands except for per share amounts, and as a percentage of ~~revenue:~~revenue as follows (in thousands and percent):


		Three Months Ended											Three Months Ended
Consolidated Statements of Operations:	Consolidated Statements of Operations:	March 31, 2022				March 31, 2021				Change		Consolidated Statements of Operations:	December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021				Change
Revenue	Revenue	$	108,699	100.0	%	$	61,506	100.0	%	$	47,193	Revenue	$	72,738	100.0	%	$	152,801	100.0	%	$	(80,063)
Cost of operations:	Cost of operations:											Cost of operations:
Contract costs	Contract costs	88,831		81.8	%	48,722		79.2	%	40,109		Contract costs	57,256		78.7	%	132,686		86.9	%	(75,430)
General and administrative costs	General and administrative costs	7,733		7.1	%	6,135		10.0	%	1,598		General and administrative costs	7,424		10.2	%	6,911		4.5	%	513

Corporate development costs												Corporate development costs	1,735		2.4	%	—		—	%	1,735
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	1,881		1.7	%	2,029		3.3	%	(148)		Depreciation and amortization	2,402		3.3	%	1,985		1.3	%	417
Total operating costs	Total operating costs	98,445		90.6	%	56,886		92.5	%	41,559		Total operating costs	68,817		94.6	%	141,582		92.7	%	(72,765)
Income from operations	Income from operations	10,254		9.4	%	4,620		7.5	%	5,634		Income from operations	3,921		5.4	%	11,219		7.3	%	(7,298)
Interest expense, net		554		0.5	%	1,004		1.6	%	(450)
Income before income taxes		9,700		8.9	%	3,616		5.9	%	6,084
Income tax expense		2,522		2.3	%	1,049		1.7	%	1,473
Interest expense												Interest expense	1,830		2.5	%	672		0.4	%	1,158
Income before provision for income taxes												Income before provision for income taxes	2,091		2.9	%	10,547		6.9	%	(8,456)
Provision for income taxes												Provision for income taxes	544		0.8	%	2,743		1.8	%	(2,199)
Net income	Net income	$	7,178	6.6	%	$	2,567	4.2	%	$	4,611	Net income	$	1,547	2.1	%	$	7,804	5.1	%	$	(6,257)
Net income per share - basic	Net income per share - basic	$	0.56			$	0.20			$	0.36	Net income per share - basic	$	0.12			$	0.61			$	(0.49)
Net income per share - diluted	Net income per share - diluted	$	0.50			$	0.19			$	0.31	Net income per share - diluted	$	0.11			$	0.55			$	(0.44)

The following factors have affected our operating results for the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 as compared to the first quarter of our 2022 fiscal year:

•During the quarter ended December 31, 2022, we acquired GRSi. From the date of this acquisition, we have received the benefit of additional revenue, as well as incurred additional operating costs. In addition, we amended and restated our credit facility to fund the acquisition of GRSi and the cost of servicing this debt has resulted in an increase in our interest expense.

•Our results of operations for the quarter ended December 31, 2021 included revenues of approximately $91.1 million derived from the two task orders awarded under a FEMA contact to support the State of Alaska in its response to the COVID-19 pandemic. These task orders were completed during the quarter ended March 31, 2022 and there was no comparable revenue contribution from this work during the 2022 period.

Due to these developments, in the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section below, we have included a discussion of our adjusted financial performance to present our financial performance for the quarters ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 without the impacts of the GRSi acquisition and the FEMA task orders.

Revenue

Revenue for the three months ended ~~March~~December 31, 2022 was ~~$108.7~~$72.7 million, ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~$47.2~~$80.1 million or ~~76.7%~~52.4% over the prior year period. The ~~increase~~decrease in revenue is primarily due ~~primarily~~ to the ~~medical staffing~~$91.1 million revenue contribution in the quarter ended December 31, 2021 from two task ~~order~~orders awarded under a FEMA contract to support Alaska with its response to ~~COVID-19. The revenue contribution from that task order was $39.1 million with~~COVID-19 in the ~~remaining revenue volume~~first quarter of ~~$0.7 million being derived from close-out activities on~~fiscal 2022. These tasks orders were completed during the task order to support community testing, vaccination and therapy. The growth from the remaining contract portfolio was primarily due to additional contracts awarded in late fiscal 2021 and increased volume on existing contracts.quarter ended March 31, 2022.

Cost of Operations

Contract costs primarily include the costs associated with providing services to our customers. These costs are generally comprised of direct labor and associated fringe benefit costs, subcontract cost, other direct costs, and the related management and infrastructure costs. For the three months ended ~~March~~December 31, 2022, contract costs ~~increased~~decreased by approximately ~~$40.1~~$75.4 million, principally due to the direct costs incurred during the prior year period associated with the ~~medical staffing~~two task ~~order~~orders awarded under a FEMA contract to support Alaska with its response to ~~COVID-19.~~COVID-19 in the first quarter of fiscal 2021.

General and administrative costs are for those employees not directly providing services to our customers, to include but not limited to executive management, bid and proposal, accounting, and human resources. These costs increased as compared to the prior fiscal year period by ~~$1.6~~$0.5 million, primarily due to ~~increased stock compensation expense from recently awarded employee option grants, business~~the inclusion of GRSi. Corporate development ~~cost,~~costs in 2022 were due to the GRSi acquisition and ~~cost to support the execution of the FEMA task orders. As a percent of revenue, general~~include due diligence costs, such as legal and ~~administrative costs decreased from reflecting improved operating leverage derived from an expanded business base.~~accounting fees.

For the three months ended ~~March~~December 31, 2022, depreciation and amortization costs were approximately $0.2 million and ~~$1.6~~$2.2 million, respectively, as compared to approximately ~~$0.4~~$0.3 million and $1.6 million for the prior fiscal year period. The increase in amortization of $0.6 million was principally due to the acquired definite-lived intangible assets of GRSi.

Interest Expense ~~net~~

Interest expense ~~net,~~ includes items such as interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs on debt obligations.

For the three months ended ~~March~~December 31, 2022 and 2021, interest expense was approximately ~~$0.6~~$1.8 million and ~~$1.0~~$0.7 million, respectively. The ~~decrease~~increase in interest expense was primarily due to the ~~decreased balance on our term loan.~~borrowing required to finance the GRSi acquisition.

Provision for Income ~~Tax Expense~~

Taxes

For the three months ended ~~March~~December 31, 2022 and 2021, DLH recorded a ~~$2.5~~$0.5 million and ~~$1.0~~$2.7 million provision for tax expense, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended ~~March~~December 31, 2022 and 2021 was 26% and ~~29%~~26%, respectively.

~~Results of Operations for the six months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021~~

~~The following table summarizes, for the periods indicated, consolidated statements of operations data expressed in dollars in thousands except for per share amounts, and as a percentage of revenue:~~

Six Months Ended Change
Consolidated Statements of Operations: March 31, 2022 March 31, 2021 $
Revenue $ 261,500 100.0 % $ 119,358 100.0 % $ 142,142
Cost of Operations:
Contract Costs 221,517 84.7 % 94,727 79.4 % 126,790
General and administrative expenses 14,644 5.6 % 12,285 10.3 % 2,359
Depreciation and amortization 3,866 1.5 % 4,091 3.4 % (225)
Total operating costs 240,027 91.8 % 111,103 93.1 % 128,924
Income from operations 21,473 8.2 % 8,255 6.9 % 13,218
Interest 1,226 0.5 % 2,084 1.7 % (858)
Income before income taxes 20,247 7.7 % 6,171 5.2 % 14,076
Income tax expense, net 5,265 2.0 % 1,790 1.5 % 3,475
Net income $ 14,982 5.7 % $ 4,381 3.7 % $ 10,601
Net income per share - basic $ 1.17 $ 0.35 $ 0.82
Net income per share - diluted $ 1.04 $ 0.32 $ 0.72

~~Revenue~~

Revenue for the six months ended March 31, 2022 was $261.5 million, an increase of $142.1 million or 119.1% over the prior year period. The increase in revenue is due primarily to the two task orders awarded under a FEMA contract to support Alaska with its response to COVID-19. The revenue contribution from those task orders was $130.9 million. The growth from the remaining contract portfolio was due to additional contracts awarded in late fiscal 2021 and increased volume on existing contracts.

~~Cost of Operations~~

Contract costs primarily include the costs associated with providing services to our customers. These costs are generally comprised of direct labor and associated fringe benefit costs, subcontract cost, other direct costs, and the related management and infrastructure costs. For the six months ended March 31, 2022, contract costs increased by approximately $126.8 million principally due to the direct costs associated with the two task orders awarded under a FEMA contract to support Alaska with its response to COVID-19.

General and administrative costs are for those employees not directly providing services to our customers, to include but not limited to executive management, bid and proposal, accounting, and human resources. These costs increased by approximately $2.4 million from the same period in the prior fiscal year. As a percent of revenue, general and administrative costs decreased from reflecting improved operating leverage derived from an expanded business base.

For the six months ended March 31, 2022, depreciation and amortization costs were approximately $0.6 million and $3.3 million, respectively, as compared to approximately $0.8 million and $3.3 million for the prior fiscal year period.

~~Interest Expense, net~~

Interest expense, net, includes interest expense on the Company's term loan and amortization of deferred financing costs on debt obligations. For the six months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, interest expense, net was approximately $1.2 million and $2.1 million, respectively. The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to the decreased balance on our term loan.

~~Income Tax Expense~~

For the six months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, DLH recorded a $5.3 million and $1.8 million provision for tax expense, respectively. The effective tax rate for the six months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was 26% and 29%, respectively.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The Company uses Earnings Before Interest Taxes Depreciation and Amortization ("EBITDA") and EBITDA Margin on Revenue as a supplemental non-GAAP ~~measure~~measures of ~~our~~ performance. ~~DLH defines~~We define EBITDA as net income excluding (i) interest expense, (ii) provision for or benefit from income taxes ~~if any,~~ and (iii) depreciation and amortization.

~~On a non-GAAP basis, Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation, and Amortization ("EBITDA")~~ EBITDA Margin on Revenue is EBITDA for the ~~three and six months ended March 31, 2022 was approximately $12.1 million and $25.3 million, respectively. The increase of approximately $5.5 million and $13.0 million from~~measurement period divided by revenue for the same periods in the prior fiscal year was principally due to the two task orders awarded under a FEMA contract to support Alaska with its response to COVID-19. Those contracts contributed a significant percentage of the growth we experienced for the period, reflecting stronger margins than initially anticipated. The increased margins were achieved by effectively staffing the projects with internal resources, rather than subcontractors, where appropriate. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, EBITDA from the remaining contract portfolio was essentially flat, notwithstanding our increased revenue from that contract portfolio, principally due to our planned investment in human capital management and business development as we continue to build and strengthen our sustaining business.period.

The Company is presenting additional non-GAAP measures to describe the impact on its financial performance from the acquisition of GRSi for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and the two short-term FEMA task orders ~~on its financial performance~~ for the ~~six~~three months ended ~~March~~December 31, ~~2022.~~2021. The measures presented are ~~revenue, operating income, net income, diluted earnings per share,~~Adjusted Revenue, Adjusted Operating Income, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share, Adjusted EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA ~~for our enterprise contract portfolio less~~Margin on Adjusted Revenue. In calculating these measures, we have removed the ~~respective performance on~~contribution from GRSi, including the corporate and incremental borrowing costs associated with completing the acquisition, as well as the FEMA task orders. These resulting measures present the ~~remaining contract portfolio's~~ quarterly financial performance compared to results delivered in the prior year period. Definitions of these additional non-GAAP measures are set forth ~~in the footnotes to the reconciliation table~~ below.

We prepare these additional non-GAAP measures to eliminate the impact of items that we do not consider indicative of ongoing operating performance due to their inherent unusual or extraordinary nature. These non-GAAP measures of ~~our~~ performance are used by management to conduct and evaluate its business during its ~~regular~~ review of operating results for the periods presented. Management and ~~our~~the Company's Board utilize these non-GAAP measures to make decisions about the use of ~~our~~the Company's resources, analyze performance between periods, develop internal projections and measure ~~management's~~management performance. We believe that these non-GAAP measures are useful to investors in evaluating ~~our~~the Company's ongoing operating and financial results and understanding how such results compare with ~~our~~the Company's historical performance. ~~By providing this non-GAAP measure as a supplement to GAAP information, we believe this enhances investors understanding of our business and results of operations.~~

~~Reconciliation of~~These supplemental performance measurements may vary from and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures by other companies in our industry. Adjusted Revenue, Adjusted Operating Income, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, EBITDA Margin on Revenue, and Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Adjusted Revenue are not recognized measurements under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, ~~net income~~and when analyzing our performance investors should (i) evaluate each adjustment in our reconciliation to ~~EBITDA, a~~the nearest GAAP financial measures and (ii) use the aforementioned non-GAAP ~~measure:~~

Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
March 31, March 31,
(in thousands) 2022 2021 Change 2022 2021 Change
Net income $ 7,178 $ 2,567 $ 4,611 $ 14,982 $ 4,381 $ 10,601
(i) Interest expense, net 554 1,004 (450) 1,226 2,084 (858)
(ii) Provision for taxes 2,522 1,049 1,473 5,265 1,790 3,475
(iii) Depreciation and amortization 1,881 2,029 (148) 3,866 4,091 (225)
EBITDA $ 12,135 $ 6,649 $ 5,486 $ 25,339 $ 12,346 $ 12,993

measures in addition to, and not as an alternative to, revenue,

~~Reconciliation of GAAP revenue,~~ operating income, net income or diluted EPS, as measures of operating results, each as defined under GAAP. We have defined these non-GAAP measures as follows:

“Adjusted Revenue” represents revenue less the contribution to revenue from the short term FEMA task orders and the contribution to revenue from GRSi for the period following the closing of the acquisition.

“Adjusted Operating Income” represents operating income less the contribution from GRSi, including the corporate and incremental borrowing costs associated with completing the acquisition, as well as the FEMA task orders.

“Adjusted Net Income” represents net income less the contribution from GRSi, including the corporate and incremental borrowing costs associated with completing the acquisition, as well as the FEMA task orders.

“Adjusted Diluted EPS” represents diluted EPS calculated using Adjusted Net Income as opposed to net income.

“Adjusted EBITDA” represents net income before income taxes, interest, depreciation and amortization and the contribution from GRSi, including the corporate and incremental borrowing costs associated with completing the acquisition, as well as the FEMA task orders. “Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Adjusted Revenue” is calculated as Adjusted EBITDA divided by Adjusted Revenue.

Below is a reconciliation of Adjusted Revenue, Adjusted Operating Income, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted diluted earnings per share, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, EBITDA Margin on Revenue and ~~non-GAAP~~Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Adjusted Revenue reported for the three ~~and six~~ months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 compared to the ~~same metrics~~most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP as follows (in thousands except for ~~our contract portfolio less the FEMA task orders:~~per share amounts):

Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
March 31, March 31,
(in thousands) Ref 2022 2021 Change 2022 2021 Change
Revenue
Total enterprise $ 108,699 $ 61,506 $ 47,193 $ 261,500 $ 119,358 $ 142,142
Less: FEMA task orders to support Alaska (a) 39,764 — 39,764 130,889 — 130,889
Remaining contract portfolio (a) $ 68,935 $ 61,506 $ 7,429 $ 130,611 $ 119,358 $ 11,253
Operating income
Total enterprise $ 10,254 $ 4,620 $ 5,634 $ 21,473 $ 8,255 $ 13,218
Less: FEMA task orders to support Alaska (b) 5,525 — 5,525 11,871 — 11,871
Remaining contract portfolio (b) $ 4,729 $ 4,620 $ 109 $ 9,602 $ 8,255 $ 1,347
Net income
Total enterprise $ 7,178 $ 2,567 $ 4,611 $ 14,982 $ 4,381 $ 10,601
Less: FEMA task orders to support Alaska (c) 4,089 — 4,089 8,785 — 8,785
Remaining contract portfolio (c) $ 3,089 $ 2,567 $ 522 $ 6,197 $ 4,381 $ 1,816
Diluted earnings per share
Total enterprise $ 0.50 $ 0.19 $ 0.31 $ 1.04 $ 0.32 $ 0.72
Less: FEMA task orders to support Alaska (d) 0.28 — 0.28 0.61 — 0.61
Remaining contract portfolio (d) $ 0.22 $ 0.19 $ 0.03 $ 0.43 $ 0.32 $ 0.11
EBITDA
Total enterprise $ 12,135 $ 6,649 $ 5,486 $ 25,339 $ 12,346 $ 12,993
Less: FEMA task orders to support Alaska (e) 5,525 — 5,525 11,871 — 11,871
Remaining contract portfolio (e) $ 6,610 $ 6,649 $ (39) $ 13,468 $ 12,346 $ 1,122




	2022		2021		Change
Adjusted Revenue
Revenue	$	72,738	$	152,801	$	(80,063)
Less: acquired revenue (a)	6,878		—		6,878
Less: FEMA task orders to support Alaska (b)	—		91,125		(91,125)
Adjusted Revenue	$	65,860	$	61,676	$	4,184

Adjusted Operating Income
Operating Income	$	3,921	$	11,219	$	(7,298)
Corporate development costs (c)	1,735		—		1,735
Less: acquired operating income (a)	346		—		346
Less: FEMA task orders to support Alaska (b)	—		6,346		(6,346)
Adjusted Operating Income	$	5,310	$	4,873	$	437

Adjusted Net Income
Net income	$	1,547	$	7,804	$	(6,257)
Corporate development costs (c)	1,735		—		1,735
Incremental financing costs (d)	1,352		—		1,352
Less: acquired operating income (a)	346		—		346
Less: FEMA task orders to support Alaska (b)	—		6,346		(6,346)
Adjustments for tax effect (e)	(713)		1,650		(2,363)
Adjusted Net Income	$	3,575	$	3,108	$	467

Adjusted Diluted earnings per share
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding	14,276		14,295		(19)
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.11	$	0.55	$	(0.44)
Adjusted net income per diluted share	$	0.25	$	0.22	$	0.03

EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, EBITDA Margin on Revenue & Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Adjusted Revenue
Net Income	$	1,547	$	7,804	$	(6,257)
Depreciation and amortization	2,402		1,985		417
Interest expense	1,830		672		1,158
Provision for income taxes	544		2,743		(2,199)
EBITDA	$	6,323	$	13,204	$	(6,881)
Corporate development costs (c)	1,735		$	—	1,735
Less: acquired EBITDA (f)	$	858	$	—	858
Less: FEMA task order to support Alaska (b)	$	—	$	6,346	(6,346)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	7,200	$	6,858	$	342
Net income margin on Revenue	2.1%		5.1%
EBITDA Margin on Revenue	8.7%		8.6%
Adjusted EBITDA Margin on Adjusted Revenue	10.9%		11.1%

~~Ref~~ (a): ~~Revenue~~Represents the operating results for GRSi following the ~~Company’s remaining~~closing of the acquisition on December 8, 2022 to December 31, 2022 Operating income for GRSi is derived by subtracting from the revenue attributable to GRSi following the closing of the acquisition during the three months ended December 31, 2022 of $6.9 million the following amounts associated with GRSi: contract ~~portfolio less~~costs of $5.4 million, general & administrative costs of $0.6 million, amortization expense of $0.5 million.

(b): Represents the operating results for the FEMA task orders ~~represents our consolidated revenues less~~during the ~~revenues generated from the FEMA task orders.~~

Ref (b): Operating income attributable to the remaining contract portfolio less the FEMA task orders represents the Company’s consolidated operating income, determined in accordance with GAAP, less the operating income derived from the FEMA task orders.during three months ended December 31, 2021. Operating income for the FEMA task orders is derived by subtracting from the revenue attributable to such task orders during the three months ended ~~March~~December 31, ~~2022~~2021 of ~~$39.8~~$91.1 million the following amounts associated with such task orders: contract costs of ~~$33.7~~$84.2 million and general & administrative costs of $0.6 million. Similarly, for the six months ended March 31, 2022 operating income for the FEMA task orders is derived by subtracting from the revenue attributable to the tasks orders of $130.9 million the following amounts associated with such task orders: contract costs $117.9 million and general & administrative costs of $1.1 million. Operating income for the remaining contract portfolio for the three and six months ended March 31, 2022 represents the Company’s consolidated operating income for such period less the operating income attributable to the FEMA task orders for such period.

~~Ref~~ (c): ~~Net income attributable~~Represents corporate development costs we incurred to complete the remaining contract portfolio less the FEMA task orders represents the Company’s consolidated net income, determined in accordance with GAAP, less the net income derived from the FEMA task orders. Net income for the FEMA task orders is derived by subtracting from the revenue attributable to such task orders during the three months ended March 31, 2022 of $39.8 million the following amounts associated with such task orders: contractGRSi transaction. These costs ~~of $33.7 million, general & administrative costs of $0.6 million,~~primarily include legal counsel, financial due diligence, customer market analysis and income tax expense of $1.4 million. Similarly, for the six months ended March 31, 2022 net income for the FEMA task orders is derived by subtracting from the revenue attributable to the tasks orders of $130.9 million the following amounts associated with such task orders: contract costs $117.9 million, general & administrative costs of $1.1 million,representation and tax expense of $3.1 million. Net income for the remaining contract portfolio for the three and six months ended March 31, 2022 represents the Company’s consolidated net income for such period less the net income attributable to the FEMA task orders for such period.warranty insurance premiums.

~~Ref~~ (d): ~~Diluted earnings per share (diluted EPS) for~~Incremental interest expense incurred following the ~~FEMA task orders is calculated using~~completion of the net income attributable to such task orders as opposed to GAAP net income. Diluted EPS for the remaining contract portfolio (total contract portfolio excluding the FEMA task orders) is calculated by subtracting the diluted EPS for the FEMA task orders from the Company's total diluted EPS.GRSi acquisition on December 8, 2022.

~~Ref~~ (e): ~~EBITDA attributable to~~Reflects the ~~FEMA tasks orders~~tax effect of ~~$5.5 million~~adjustments at the effective tax rate of 26%, which approximates our blended federal and ~~$11.9 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2022, respectively, is arrived at through the same calculation as~~state tax rates.

(f): Reflects operating income ~~as there are not any~~of GRSi following the closing of the acquisition of $0.4 million and depreciation and amortization ~~costs attributable to the FEMA tasks orders. EBITDA for the remaining contract portfolio is calculated by subtracting the EBITDA attributable to the FEMA task orders from the Company’s total EBITDA.~~expense of $0.5 million.

Liquidity and capital management

As of ~~March~~December 31, 2022, the Company's immediate sources of liquidity include cash generated from operations, accounts receivable, and access to its secured revolving line of credit facility. This credit facility provides us with access of up to ~~$25~~$70.0 million, subject to certain conditions including eligible accounts receivable. As of ~~March~~December 31, 2022, we have ~~$25.0~~$31.2 million of available borrowing capacity on the revolving line of credit and ~~do not~~ have an outstanding ~~balance.~~balance of $16.9 million.

The Company's present operating liabilities are largely predictable and consist of vendor and payroll related obligations. Our current investment and financing obligations are adequately covered by cash generated from profitable operations and planned operating cash flow should be sufficient to support the Company's operations for twelve months from issuance of these consolidated financial statements.

A summary of the change in cash is presented below for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 as follows (in thousands):

Six Months Ended
March 31,
2022 2021
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities $ (14,815) $ 6,119
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (89) 6
Net cash used in financing activities (8,788) (7,062)
Net change in cash $ (23,692) $ (937)

For the six months ended March 31, 2022, the Company used $14.8 million in cash flows from operations. The decrease of operating cash was primarily a result of performance of the deferred contract obligations of $22.2 million, for which an advance payment was received in fiscal 2021, and contract completion activities on the FEMA task orders. Fiscal year to date, accounts receivable have increased by $28.7 million, including $13.6 million related to the FEMA contracts, for which the cash flow impact is largely offset by corresponding subcontractor accruals. Both the receivable and corresponding payables on the FEMA contracts have been largely settled subsequent to quarter end. The remaining increase in accounts receivable is related to normal fluctuations in the timing of customer payments and to growth in the overall business volume.





	2022		2021
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	7,973	$	(16,155)
Net cash used in investing activities	(180,342)		—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	173,505		(3,675)
Net change in cash	$	1,136	$	(19,830)

~~Capital~~The cash used in investing activity was primarily due to the acquisition of GRSi and the purchase of capital assets ~~of $0.1 million were~~ purchased during the ~~six~~three months ended ~~March~~December 31, 2022. Cash ~~used in~~provided by financing activities was ~~$8.8~~$173.5 million during the ~~six~~three months ended ~~March~~December 31, ~~2022.~~2022 and were deployed to finance the GRSi acquisition. We intend to continue using cash to make debt prepayments in future quarters subject to available cash.

Sources of cash

As of ~~March~~December 31, 2022, our immediate sources of liquidity include cash of approximately ~~$0.4~~$1.4 million, accounts receivable, and access to our secured revolving line of credit facility. This credit facility provides us with access of up to ~~$25.0~~$70.0 million, subject to certain conditions including eligible accounts receivable. As of ~~March~~December 31, 2022, we had unused borrowing capacity of ~~$23.0~~ $31.2 million, which is net of outstanding letters of credit. The Company's present operating liabilities are largely predictable and consist of vendor and payroll related obligations. We believe that our current investment and financing obligations are adequately covered by cash generated from profitable operations and that planned operating cash flow should be sufficient to support our operations for twelve months from the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements.

~~Material Cash Requirements from Contractual Obligations~~

Credit ~~Facility~~Facilities

A summary of our ~~secured loan facility~~credit facilities for the period ended ~~March~~December 31, 2022 is as ~~follows:~~follows (in millions):

~~(in thousands)~~

Arrangement

Loan Balance

Interest*

Maturity Date

Secured term loan ~~$70 million~~ (a) due December 8, 2027

~~37,500~~186.4

LIBOR*SOFR* + ~~2.5%~~4.2%

~~September 30, 2025~~December 8, 2027

Secured revolving line of credit ~~$25 million ceiling~~ (b) due December 8, 2027

—16.9

LIBOR*SOFR* + ~~2.5%~~4.2%

~~September 30, 2025~~December 8, 2027

*~~LIBOR rate~~SOFR as of ~~March~~December 31, 2022 was ~~0.46%~~4.23%. ~~The credit facility has an interest rate spread range from 2.5% to 4.5% depending on the funded indebtedness to adjusted EBITDA ratio.~~

(b) The secured revolving line of credit has a ceiling of up to ~~$25.0~~$70.0 million and a maturity date of ~~September 30, 2025.~~December 8, 2027. The Company has accessed funds from the revolving credit facility during the quarter ~~but~~and has noa balance outstanding at ~~March~~December 31, ~~2022.~~2022 of $16.9 million.

The ~~Term Loan~~secured term loan and ~~Revolving Credit Facility~~secured revolving line of credit are secured by liens on substantially all of the assets of the Company. The provisions of ~~the Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility~~our credit facilities are fully described in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.

~~Leases~~

As of March 31, 2022, our liabilities under our facility and equipment leases totaled $25.0 million and $0.2 million, respectively. These balances represent our contractual obligation to make future payments on our leases, discounted to reflect our cost of borrowing. The majority of these leases are for real estate. See ~~Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements~~ ~~for information regarding our leases as of March 31, 2022.~~

~~Tabular Summary of~~ Contractual Obligations as of ~~March~~December 31, 2022


				Payments Due by Period											Payments Due by Period
				Next 12		2-3		4-5		More than 5					Next 12		2-3		4-5		More than 5
(in thousands)	(in thousands)	Total		Months		Years		Years		Years		(in thousands)	Total		Months		Years		Years		Years
Debt obligations	Debt obligations	$	37,500	$	—	$	3,375	$	34,125	$	—	Debt obligations	$	203,377	$	31,189	$	34,438	$	137,750	$	—
Facility operating leases	Facility operating leases	25,047		3,262		6,175		5,951		9,659		Facility operating leases	26,544		4,578		8,116		5,910		7,940
Equipment operating leases	Equipment operating leases	177		83		94		—		—		Equipment operating leases	114		83		31		—		—
Total Contractual Obligations		$	62,724	$	3,345	$	9,644	$	40,076	$	9,659
Total contractual obligations												Total contractual obligations	$	230,035	$	35,850	$	42,585	$	143,660	$	7,940

~~Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements~~

~~The Company did not have any material off-balance sheet arrangements subsequent to, or upon the filing of our consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report as defined under SEC rules.~~

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates include valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, ~~interest rate swaps,~~ stock-based compensation, ~~right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, valuation allowances established against deferred tax assets,~~ and measurement of loss development on workers' compensation claims. In addition, the Company estimates overhead charges and allocates such charges throughout the year. Actual results could differ from those estimates. ~~In particular, a material reduction in the fair value of goodwill would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.~~ For a detailed discussion on the application of these and other accounting policies, you should review the discussion under the caption Significant Accounting Policies in Note 42 of the notes to our ~~Consolidated Financial Statements~~consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this ~~report on Form 10-Q.~~report.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue over time when there is a continuous transfer of control to our customer. For our U.S. government contracts, this continuous transfer of control to the customer is supported by clauses in the contract that allow the U.S. government to unilaterally terminate the contract for convenience, pay us for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit, and take control of any work in process. When control is transferred over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. For services contracts, we satisfy our performance obligations as services are rendered. We use cost-based input and time-based output methods to measure progress.

For ~~time-and-materials~~time and materials contracts, revenue is recognized to the extent of billable rates times hours delivered plus materials and other reimbursable costs incurred. Revenue for ~~cost-reimbursable~~cost reimbursable contracts is recorded as reimbursable costs are incurred, including an estimated share of the applicable contractual fees earned. For ~~firm-fixed-price~~firm fixed price contracts, the consideration received for our performance is set at a predetermined price. Revenue for our ~~firm-fixed-price~~firm fixed price contracts is recognized over time using a straight-line measure of progress or using the percentage-of-completion method whereby progress toward completion is based on a comparison of actual costs incurred to total estimated costs to be incurred over the contract term. Contract costs are expensed as incurred. Estimated losses are recognized when identified.

Refer to Note 5 of the accompanying notes to our ~~Consolidated Financial Statements~~consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this report.

Long-lived Assets

Our long-lived assets include equipment and improvements, right-of-use assets, intangible assets, and goodwill. The Company continues to review its long-lived assets for possible impairment or loss of value at least annually or more frequently upon the occurrence of an event or when circumstances indicate that a reporting unit’s carrying amount is greater than its fair value.

Equipment and improvements are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful asset lives (3 to 7 years) and the shorter of the initial lease term or estimated useful life for leasehold improvements.

Costs incurred to place the asset in service are capitalized and costs incurred after implementation are expensed. Amortization expense is recorded when the software is placed in service on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software.

Right-of-use assets are measured at the present value of future minimum lease payments, including all probable renewals, plus lease payments made to the lessor before or at lease commencement and indirect costs, less incentives received. Our right-of-use assets include long-term leases for facilities and equipment and are amortized over their respective lease terms.

Intangible assets are originally recorded at fair value and amortized on a straight-line basis over their assessed useful lives. The assessed useful lives of the assets are 10 years.

Goodwill

The Company continues to review its goodwill for possible impairment or loss of value at least annually or more frequently upon the occurrence of an event or when circumstances indicate that a reporting unit’s carrying amount is greater than its fair value. Based on the results of the work performed, the Company has concluded that no impairment loss was warranted, as no change in business conditions occurred which would have a material adverse effect on the valuation of goodwill.

Our assessment incorporated effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, which did not have a meaningful impact on our financial results. Notwithstanding this evaluation, factors including non-renewal of a major contract or other substantial changes in business conditions could have a material adverse effect on the valuation of goodwill in future periods and the resulting charge could be material to future periods’ results of operations.

Provision for Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the liability method, whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities, using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are reflected on the consolidated balance sheet when it is determined that it is more likely than not that the asset will be realized. This guidance also requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company ~~believes it~~ has ~~adequate sources of taxable income to~~ fully ~~utilize~~utilized its net operating loss ~~carryforwards before their expiration. The Company recorded no valuation allowance.~~carryforwards.

Stock-based Equity Compensation

The Company uses the fair value-based method for stock-based compensation. Options issued are designated as either an incentive stock or a non-statutory stock option. No option may be granted with a term of more than 10 years from the date of grant. Option awards may depend on achievement of certain performance measures determined by the Compensation Committee of our Board. Shares issued upon option exercise are newly issued common shares. All awards to employees and non-employees are recorded at fair value on the date of the grant and expensed over the period of vesting. The Company uses a Monte Carlo ~~binomial and Black Scholes option pricing models~~method to estimate the fair value of each stock option at the date of grant. Any consideration paid by the option holders to purchase shares is credited to capital stock.

~~New Accounting Pronouncements~~

~~A discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements is described in~~ ~~Note 3~~ ~~of the accompanying Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements contained elsewhere in this report, and we incorporate such discussion by reference.~~

ITEM 3: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Except as described elsewhere in this report, the Company has not engaged in trading practices in securities or other financial instruments and therefore does not have any material exposure to interest rate risk, foreign currency exchange rate risk, commodity price risk or other similar risks, which might otherwise result from such practices. The Company has limited foreign operations and therefore is not materially subject to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, commodity prices or other market rates or prices from market sensitive instruments. On September 30, 2019, we executed a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap with FNB as ~~counter party.~~counter-party. The notional amount in the floating-to-fixed interest rate swap is ~~$22.8~~$16.2 million for the current quarter and the remaining outstanding balance of our secured term loan is subject to interest rate fluctuations. Following the close of the quarter, we entered into an additional floating-to-fixed interest rate swap. The notional amount of the interest rate swap increased to $112.2 million with the remaining balance of debt subject to floating interest rates. The fixed rate is 4.10% plus applicable credit spread and the swap matures in 2026.

We have determined that a 1.0% increase to ~~the LIBOR rate~~SOFR would impact our interest expense by ~~less than $0.2~~approximately $0.9 million per year. As of ~~March~~December 31, 2022, the interest rate on the floating interest rate debt was ~~2.96%~~8.43%.

ITEM 4: CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our CEO and President and Chief Financial Officer, ~~after evaluating~~evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange ~~Act)~~Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this ~~report, have concluded that, based~~report. Based on the evaluation of these controls and procedures, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (i) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and President and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, including our CEO and President and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected. Our management, however, believes our disclosure controls and procedures are in fact effective to provide reasonable assurance that the objectives of the control system are met.

Changes in Internal ~~Controls~~Control over Financial Reporting

~~There~~With the exception of the matter described below there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange ~~Act)~~Act of 1934) identified in connection with the evaluation of our internal ~~control~~controls that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended ~~March~~December 31, 2022, that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

In December 2022, we acquired Grove Resource Solutions, LLC and are in the process of integrating this business into our existing control environment.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1: LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

ITEM 1A: RISK FACTORS

Our operating results and financial condition have varied in the past and may in the future vary significantly depending on a number of factors. In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in the “Risk Factors” section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 and in our other reports filed with the SEC concerning the risks associated with our business, financial condition and results of operations. These factors, among others, could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity and cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in statements made in this report and presented elsewhere by management from time to time. The risks we have identified in our reports are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. See Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022. Other than as described ~~in this report,~~below, we believe that there have been no material changes from the risk factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022.

Risks related to our acquisition of GRSi

Our indebtedness following the completion of the GRSi acquisition is significant and could adversely affect our business and our ability to meet our obligations. In connection with the GRSi acquisition, we incurred significant additional indebtedness. Our new indebtedness contains financial or other covenants that limit our operational flexibility. In addition, the increased indebtedness of the Company following the GRSi acquisition could adversely affect us in a number of other ways, including:

•causing us to be less able to take advantage of business opportunities, such as other acquisition opportunities, and to react to changes in market or industry conditions;

•increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic, industry, or competitive developments;

•affecting our ability to pay or refinance debts as they become due during adverse economic, financial market, and industry conditions;

•requiring us to use a larger portion of cash flow for debt service, reducing funds available for other purposes;

•decreasing our profitability and/or cash flow;

•causing us to be disadvantaged compared to competitors with less leverage; and

•limiting our ability to borrow additional funds in the future to fund working capital, capital expenditures, and other general corporate purposes.

We may experience difficulties in integrating our operations with those of GRSi and realizing the expected benefits of these acquisitions. Although we currently anticipate that the GRSi acquisition will be accretive to earnings per share in fiscal 2024, this expectation is based on assumptions about our business and preliminary estimates, which may change materially. The benefits of the acquisition will depend, in part, on our ability to successfully combine the businesses of DLH and GRSi and realize the anticipated benefits, including business opportunities and growth prospects from combining our businesses. We may not achieve these objectives within the anticipated time frame or may never realize these benefits and the value of our common stock may be harmed. The acquisition involves the integration of GRSi’s business with our existing business, which is expected to be a costly and time-consuming process. The integration may result in material challenges, including, without limitation:

•Our management might have its attention diverted from ongoing business concerns while trying to integrate these operations, and we could experience performance shortfalls as a result of the devotion of management’s attention to the integration efforts.

•The integration process could take longer than anticipated and could result in the loss of key employees, the disruption of each company’s ongoing businesses, tax costs or inefficiencies, or inconsistencies in standards, controls, information technology systems, procedures and policies, any of which could materially adversely affect our ability to maintain relationships with customers, employees or other third parties, or our ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of the transactions, and could harm our financial performance.

•We could encounter unanticipated issues in integrating information technology, communications and other systems that could harm our financial performance.

•If we are unable to successfully or timely integrate our operations with those of GRSi, we may incur unanticipated liabilities and be unable to realize the revenue growth, synergies, and other anticipated benefits resulting from the acquisition, and our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

In connection with the acquisition, we may be required to take write-downs or write-offs, restructuring and impairment, or other charges that could negatively affect our business, assets, liabilities, prospects, outlook, financial condition, and results of operations. Although we have conducted extensive due diligence on GRSi in connection with the acquisition, we cannot assure that this diligence revealed all material issues that may be present, that it would be possible to uncover all material issues through customary due diligence, or that factors outside of our control will not later arise. We have also purchased representations and warranties insurance in connection with the acquisition, but there is no assurance that those policies will cover any losses we might experience from breaches of the sellers’ representations and warranties or otherwise arising from the acquisition. Even if our due diligence successfully identifies certain risks, unexpected risks may arise and previously known risks may materialize in a manner not consistent with our preliminary risk analysis. Further, as a result of the acquisition, purchase accounting, and the proposed operation of the combined company after closing, we may be required to take write-offs or write-downs, restructuring and impairment or other charges that could negatively affect business, assets, liabilities, prospects, outlook, financial condition and results of operations after closing of the acquisition.

ITEM 2: UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

During the period covered by this report, the Company did not issue any securities that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except as has been reported in previous filings with the SEC or as set forth elsewhere herein.

32Registrant Repurchases of Securities

In November 2022, in connection with exercise of employee stock options, a holder of options surrendered to the company a total of 67,208 shares of our common stock already owned by the holder in consideration of the payment of the exercise price of such options and related tax obligations. Such event is reflected on the table below.



					($ in thousands)
Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased As Part of Publicly Announced Programs	Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan or Program


November 2022	67,208	$	13.02	—	—

ITEM 3: DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4: MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5: OTHER INFORMATION

None.

3335

ITEM 6: EXHIBITS

Exhibits to this report which have previously been filed with the Commission are incorporated by reference to the document referenced in the following table. ~~The exhibits designated with a number sign (#) indicate a management contract or compensation plan or arrangement.~~

~~Exhibit~~

~~Incorporated by Reference~~

~~Filed~~

~~Number~~

~~Exhibit Description~~

~~Form~~

~~Dated~~

~~Exhibit~~

~~Herewith~~

~~31.1~~

~~Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a) or 17 CFR 240.15d-14(a)~~

~~31.2~~

~~Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a) or 17 CFR 240.15d-14(a)~~

~~Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(b) or 17 CFR 240.15d-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code~~

~~101~~

The following financial information from the DLH Holdings Corp. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2022, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language) and filed electronically herewith: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and, (iv) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~104~~

~~Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)~~

Exhibit

Incorporated by Reference

Filed

Number

Exhibit Description

Form

Dated

Exhibit

Herewith

2.1

Equity Purchase Agreement among DLH Holdings Corp., Grove Resource Solutions, LLC, the Equityholders, Omega D and D Corporation, and the Representative of the Equityholders.

8-K

12/14/2022

2.1

10.1

Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement among DLH Holdings Corp., DLH Solutions, Inc., Danya International, LLC, Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Irving Burton Associates, LLC, Grove Resource Solutions, LLC, First National Bank of Pennsylvania, as Administrative Agent and other lenders party thereto

8-K

12/14/2022

10.1

31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a) or 17 CFR 240.15d-14(a)

31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a) or 17 CFR 240.15d-14(a)

Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(b) or 17 CFR 240.15d-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code

101.0

The following financial information from the DLH Holdings Corp. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2022, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language) and filed electronically herewith: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and, (iv) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

104.0

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

3436

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


	DLH HOLDINGS CORP.






	By:	/s/ Kathryn M. JohnBull
		Kathryn M. JohnBull
		Chief Financial Officer
		(On behalf of the registrant and as Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Date: ~~May 4, 2022~~February 8, 2023

3537



		Number of Shares
		March 31,	September 30,
	Ref	2022	2021
Vested and exercisable	(a)	2,348	1,662
Unvested	(b)	250	712
Options outstanding		2,598	2,374