UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 FORM 10-Q
 
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
For the quarterly period ended February 29,August 31, 2020.
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
For the transition period from [            ] to [            ].
Commission File No. 001-09195
KB HOME
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware95-3666267
(State of incorporation)(IRS employer identification number)
10990 Wilshire Boulevard
Los Angeles, California 90024
(310) 231-4000
(Address and telephone number of principal executive offices) 
Securities registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) 
Name of each exchange
on which registered
Common Stock (par value $1.00 per share) KBH New York Stock Exchange
Rights to Purchase Series A Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock 
 New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated FilerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting company
  Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes    No  
There were 90,448,22890,544,338 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $1.00 per share, outstanding on February 29,August 31, 2020. The registrant’s grantor stock ownership trust held an additional 7,317,336 shares of the registrant’s common stock on that date.



KB HOME
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
 
 
Page
Number
 
  
 
  
Consolidated Statements of Operations -
Three Months and Nine Months Ended February 29,August 31, 2020 and February 28, 2019
  
Consolidated Balance Sheets -
February 29,August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019
  
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows -
ThreeNine Months Ended February 29,August 31, 2020 and February 28, 2019
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  

PART I.    FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.Financial Statements

KB HOME
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts – Unaudited)
 

 Three Months Ended Three Months Ended August 31, Nine Months Ended August 31,
 February 29, 2020 February 28, 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019
Total revenues $1,075,935
 $811,483
 $999,013
 $1,160,786
 $2,988,918
 $2,994,072
Homebuilding:            
Revenues $1,072,382
 $808,788
 $995,148
 $1,156,855
 $2,977,810
 $2,984,314
Construction and land costs (886,053) (670,855) (798,495) (943,754) (2,429,001) (2,458,353)
Selling, general and administrative expenses (126,134) (106,594) (107,710) (127,626) (348,082) (357,048)
Operating income 60,195
 31,339
 88,943
 85,475
 200,727
 168,913
Interest income 935
 1,105
 786
 201
 2,163
 1,745
Equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures 1,905
 (406) 1,922
 (384) 11,981
 (1,159)
Homebuilding pretax income 63,035
 32,038
 91,651
 85,292
 214,871
 169,499
Financial services:            
Revenues 3,553
 2,695
 3,865
 3,931
 11,108
 9,758
Expenses (962) (1,024) (1,056) (1,003) (2,901) (3,067)
Equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures 3,222
 802
 6,855
 3,716
 14,874
 7,018
Financial services pretax income 5,813
 2,473
 9,664
 6,644
 23,081
 13,709
Total pretax income 68,848
 34,511
 101,315
 91,936
 237,952
 183,208
Income tax expense (9,100) (4,500) (22,900) (23,800) (47,800) (37,600)
Net income $59,748
 $30,011
 $78,415
 $68,136
 $190,152
 $145,608
Earnings per share:            
Basic $.66
 $.34
 $.86
 $.77
 $2.09
 $1.65
Diluted $.63
 $.31
 $.83
 $.73
 $2.02
 $1.55
Weighted average shares outstanding:            
Basic 89,842
 86,972
 90,535
 88,262
 90,292
 87,630
Diluted 94,205
 96,962
 94,105
 92,842
 93,788
 94,032
Cash dividends declared per common share $.090
 $.025
See accompanying notes.

KB HOME
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In Thousands – Unaudited)
 

February 29,
2020
 November 30,
2019
August 31,
2020
 November 30,
2019
Assets      
Homebuilding:      
Cash and cash equivalents$429,706
 $453,814
$722,033
 $453,814
Receivables297,215
 249,055
269,651
 249,055
Inventories3,728,616
 3,704,602
3,671,129
 3,704,602
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures57,147
 57,038
48,821
 57,038
Property and equipment, net64,453
 65,043
64,619
 65,043
Deferred tax assets, net312,166
 364,493
241,171
 364,493
Other assets129,719
 83,041
125,242
 83,041
5,019,022
 4,977,086
5,142,666
 4,977,086
Financial services33,812
 38,396
34,761
 38,396
Total assets$5,052,834
 $5,015,482
$5,177,427
 $5,015,482
      
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity      
Homebuilding:      
Accounts payable$236,981
 $262,772
$231,821
 $262,772
Accrued expenses and other liabilities621,558
 618,783
630,529
 618,783
Notes payable1,749,148
 1,748,747
1,747,704
 1,748,747
2,607,687
 2,630,302
2,610,054
 2,630,302
Financial services2,043
 2,058
2,065
 2,058
Stockholders’ equity:      
Common stock122,291
 121,593
122,370
 121,593
Paid-in capital803,420
 793,954
810,915
 793,954
Retained earnings2,211,851
 2,157,183
2,326,060
 2,157,183
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(17,149) (15,506)(17,149) (15,506)
Grantor stock ownership trust, at cost(79,359) (82,758)(79,359) (82,758)
Treasury stock, at cost(597,950) (591,344)(597,529) (591,344)
Total stockholders’ equity2,443,104
 2,383,122
2,565,308
 2,383,122
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$5,052,834
 $5,015,482
$5,177,427
 $5,015,482
See accompanying notes.

KB HOME
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In Thousands – Unaudited)
 
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended August 31,
February 29, 2020 February 28, 20192020 2019
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net income$59,748
 $30,011
$190,152
 $145,608
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:   
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:   
Equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures(5,127) (396)(26,855) (5,859)
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated joint ventures8,150
 2,400
29,384
 6,450
Amortization of discounts, premiums and issuance costs613
 1,468
1,862
 3,500
Depreciation and amortization7,316
 6,446
21,583
 19,825
Deferred income taxes8,500
 4,501
40,200
 35,701
Stock-based compensation4,950
 4,152
12,767
 14,479
Inventory impairments and land option contract abandonments5,672
 3,555
16,939
 13,143
Changes in assets and liabilities:      
Receivables(4,195) (19,495)62,839
 2,788
Inventories(17,941) (154,083)46,567
 (389,461)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities(60,996) (70,057)(62,419) 4,965
Other, net(16,556) (6,712)(3,808) (3,283)
Net cash used in operating activities(9,866) (198,210)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities329,211
 (152,144)
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures(1,668) (2,527)(6,048) (7,656)
Return of investments in unconsolidated joint ventures500
 5,001
8,816
 5,001
Proceeds from sale of building
 5,804
0
 5,804
Purchases of property and equipment, net(6,671) (10,025)(21,154) (32,211)
Net cash used in investing activities(7,839) (1,747)(18,386) (29,062)
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Proceeds from issuance of debt
 405,250
0
 405,250
Payment of debt issuance costs
 (5,209)0
 (5,209)
Repayment of senior notes
 (230,000)0
 (630,000)
Borrowings under revolving credit facility
 140,000
0
 460,000
Repayments under revolving credit facility
 (140,000)0
 (410,000)
Payments on mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans
 (28,020)(20,314) (32,149)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans8,226
 832
8,404
 18,729
Tax payments associated with stock-based compensation awards(6,219) (3,342)(6,219) (3,345)
Payments of cash dividends(8,233) (2,266)(24,428) (12,352)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(6,226) 137,245
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents(23,931) (62,712)
Net cash used in financing activities(42,557) (209,076)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents268,268
 (390,282)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period454,858
 575,119
454,858
 575,119
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$430,927
 $512,407
$723,126
 $184,837
See accompanying notes.



KB HOME
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


1.Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted.
In ourthe opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals)adjustments) necessary to present fairly our consolidated financial position as of February 29,August 31, 2020, the results of our consolidated operations for the three months and nine months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 and February 28, 2019, and our consolidated cash flows for the threenine months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 and February 28, 2019. The results of our consolidated operations for the three months and nine months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year due to seasonal variations in operating results and other factors. The consolidated balance sheet at November 30, 2019 has been taken from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended November 30, 2019, which are contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for that period.
Unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms “we,” “our,” and “us” used in this report refer to KB Home, a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Consolidated Financial Statements. The outbreak of the 2019 coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”), which was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, and the related responses by public health and governmental authorities to contain and combat its outbreak and spread (“COVID-19 control responses”) severely impacted the global and national economies, the housing market and our business during our second quarter. Operationally, we temporarily closed our sales centers, model homes and design studios to the public in mid-March and shifted to virtual sales tools and appointment-only personalized home sales processes, where permitted. These steps, along with the negative prevailing business conditions due to the pandemic and restrictive COVID-19 control responses, moderated our order pace significantly in the second quarter. In addition, home purchase cancellations increased considerably, largely reflecting our proactive efforts to assure a backlog of qualified homebuyers amid the pandemic-induced economic downturn. These two factors contributed to a sizable reduction in our 2020 second quarter net orders, and we entered the third quarter with the number of homes in backlog at the beginning of the quarter (“beginning backlog”) down 14% year over year. Further, our construction activities were restricted in many jurisdictions, and completely shut down in some of them, and together with the reduced availability or capacity of some municipal and private services necessary to build and deliver homes, we experienced home delivery delays during most of the second quarter, which tempered our revenues for that period.
Since the easing of public health restrictions in our served markets beginning in May 2020, all of our communities have been open to walk-in traffic, following appropriate safety protocols and applicable public health guidelines, and our net orders started to rebound, improving significantly each month on a year-over-year basis as the third quarter progressed. This positive momentum resulted in our net orders for the 2020 third quarter increasing to their highest level of any quarter since 2007. Although housing market conditions in the 2020 third quarter improved significantly from the prior quarter, our deliveries and revenues for the period were tempered primarily by the negative impact that COVID-19 and the related COVID-19 control responses had on our 2020 second quarter.
While we limited our land investments during the 2020 second quarter and most of the 2020 third quarter to preserve cash and liquidity due to the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, given the sustained strong housing demand in the third quarter, we have resumed land acquisition and development activities. In the 2020 second quarter, we also curtailed our overhead expenditures, partly through workforce realignment and reductions. As a result, our selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended August 31, 2020 include severance charges of $6.7 million that we recorded in the 2020 second quarter. Our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto in this report reflect the foregoing course of unprecedented events and the actions we took in the early stages of the pandemic.
Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.these estimates, particularly given the significant social and economic disruptions and uncertainties associated with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the COVID-19 control responses, and such differences may be material.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. We consider all highly liquid short-term investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Our cash equivalents totaled $244.5$594.5 million at February 29,August 31, 2020 and $302.5 million at November 30, 2019. At February 29,August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019, the majority of our cash and cash equivalents werewas invested in interest-bearing bank deposit accounts and money market funds.accounts.
Comprehensive Income. Our comprehensive income was $59.7$78.4 million for the three months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 and $30.0$68.1 million for the three months ended February 28,August 31, 2019. For the nine months ended August 31, 2020 and 2019, our comprehensive income was $190.2 million and $145.6 million, respectively. Our comprehensive income for each of the three-month and nine-month periods ended February 29,August 31, 2020 and February 28, 2019 was equal to our net income for the respective periods.
Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements. In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”), which requires leases with original lease terms of more than 12 months to be recorded on the balance sheet. On December 1, 2019, we adopted ASU 2016-02 and its related amendments (collectively, “ASC 842”) using the modified retrospective method. Results for reporting periods beginning December 1, 2019 and after are presented under ASC 842, while results for prior reporting periods have not been adjusted and continue to be presented under the accounting guidance in effect for those periods. We elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which allowed us to carry forward our original assessment of (1) whether contracts are or contain leases, (2) lease classification and (3) initial direct costs. We also elected the practical expedient that allows lessees the option to account for lease and non-lease components together as a single component for all classes of underlying assets. The adoption of ASC 842 resulted in our recording lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities of $31.2 million on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 1, 2019. Lease right-of-use assets are classified within other assets on our consolidated balance sheet, and lease liabilities are classified within accrued expenses and other liabilities. At the December 1, 2019 adoption date, we also recorded a cumulative effect adjustment to increase beginning retained earnings by $1.5 million, net of tax, to recognize a previously deferred gain on our sale and leaseback of an office building in 2019. The adoption of ASC 842 did not materially impact our consolidated statements of operations or consolidated cash flows. Further information regarding our leases is provided in Note 13 – Leases.
In February 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-02, “Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income” (“ASU 2018-02”), which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”), and requires certain disclosures about stranded tax effects. We adopted ASU 2018-02 effective December 1, 2019 and elected to reclassify the income tax

effects of the TCJA from accumulated other comprehensive loss to retained earnings, which resulted in an increase of $1.6 million to both retained earnings and accumulated other comprehensive loss, with no impact on total stockholders’ equity. Amounts for prior reporting periods have not been adjusted and continue to be presented under the accounting guidance in effect for those periods.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted. In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”), which changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments from an incurred loss approach to a new expected credit loss methodology. ASU 2016-13 is effective for us beginning December 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted.2020. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this guidance on our consolidated financial statements.
In December 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes” (“ASU 2019-12”), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes, eliminates certain exceptions within Accounting Standards Codification Topic 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”), and clarifies certain aspects of ASC 740 to promote consistency among reporting entities.  ASU 2019-12 is effective for us beginning December 1, 2022,2021, with early adoption permitted. Most amendments within ASU 2019-12 are required to be applied on a prospective basis, while certain amendments must be applied on a retrospective or modified retrospective basis.  We are currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting thethis guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

2.Segment Information
We have identified 5 operating reporting segments, comprised of 4 homebuilding reporting segments and 1 financial services reporting segment. As of February 29,August 31, 2020, our homebuilding reporting segments conducted ongoing operations in the following states:states to the extent permitted by applicable public health orders as part of their respective COVID-19 control responses:
West Coast: California and Washington
Southwest: Arizona and Nevada
Central: Colorado and Texas
Southeast: Florida and North Carolina
Our homebuilding reporting segments are engaged in the acquisition and development of land primarily for residential purposes and offer a wide variety of homes that are designed to appeal to first-time, first move-up and active adult homebuyers. Our homebuilding operations generate most of their revenues from the delivery of completed homes to homebuyers. They also earn revenues from the sale of land.
Our financial services reporting segment offers property and casualty insurance and, in certain instances, earthquake, flood and personal property insurance to our homebuyers in the same markets as our homebuilding reporting segments, and provides title services in the majority of our markets located within our Southwest, Central and Southeast homebuilding reporting segments. Our financial services reporting segment earns revenues primarily from insurance commissions and from the provision of title services.
We offer mortgage banking services, including residential consumer mortgage loan (“mortgage loan”) originations, to our homebuyers indirectly through KBHS Home Loans, LLC (“KBHS”), an unconsolidated joint venture we formed with Stearns Ventures, LLC (“Stearns”). We and Stearns each have a 50.0% ownership interest, with Stearns providing management oversight of KBHS’ operations. The financial services reporting segment is separately reported in our consolidated financial statements.
Our reporting segments follow the same accounting policies used for our consolidated financial statements. The results of each reporting segment are not necessarily indicative of the results that would have occurred had the segment been an independent, stand-alone entity during the periods presented, nor are they indicative of the results to be expected in future periods.

The following tables present financial information relating to our homebuilding reporting segments (in thousands):
Three Months EndedThree Months Ended August 31, Nine Months Ended August 31,
February 29, 2020 February 28, 20192020 2019 2020 2019
Revenues:          
West Coast$484,497
 $305,810
$379,025
 $497,654
 $1,195,404
 $1,194,728
Southwest191,318
 157,656
223,096
 180,238
 589,665
 522,721
Central283,513
 241,592
297,022
 326,058
 864,728
 874,730
Southeast113,054
 103,730
96,005
 152,905
 328,013
 392,135
Total$1,072,382
 $808,788
$995,148
 $1,156,855
 $2,977,810
 $2,984,314
          
Pretax income (loss):          
West Coast$34,029
 $17,916
$34,353
 $43,775
 $96,202
 $86,480
Southwest32,112
 22,072
39,295
 26,366
 96,298
 76,433
Central22,678
 18,583
35,422
 34,417
 84,996
 80,199
Southeast2,630
 (545)5,986
 5,272
 15,245
 5,316
Corporate and other(28,414) (25,988)(23,405) (24,538) (77,870) (78,929)
Total$63,035
 $32,038
$91,651
 $85,292
 $214,871
 $169,499


 Three Months Ended August 31, Nine Months Ended August 31,
 2020 2019 2020 2019
Inventory impairment and land option contract abandonment charges:       
West Coast$5,546
 $5,065
 $10,610
 $12,148
Southwest0
 126
 171
 408
Central1,084
 0
 5,520
 366
Southeast258
 60
 638
 221
Total$6,888
 $5,251
 $16,939
 $13,143

Inventory impairment and land option contract abandonment charges:   
West Coast$4,392
 $3,251
Southwest171
 59
Central984
 245
Southeast125
 
Total$5,672
 $3,555

February 29,
2020
 November 30,
2019
August 31,
2020
 November 30,
2019
Assets:      
West Coast$1,936,066
 $1,925,192
$1,916,237
 $1,925,192
Southwest732,656
 674,310
699,777
 674,310
Central1,045,352
 1,035,563
977,535
 1,035,563
Southeast438,274
 441,451
417,349
 441,451
Corporate and other866,674
 900,570
1,131,768
 900,570
Total$5,019,022
 $4,977,086
$5,142,666
 $4,977,086



3.Financial Services
The following tables present financial information relating to our financial services reporting segment (in thousands):
Three Months EndedThree Months Ended August 31, Nine Months Ended August 31,
February 29, 2020 February 28, 20192020 2019 2020 2019
Revenues          
Insurance commissions$1,953
 $1,472
$2,150
 $2,224
 $6,133
 $5,342
Title services1,600
 1,217
1,715
 1,707
 4,975
 4,410
Interest income
 6
0
 0
 0
 6
Total3,553
 2,695
3,865
 3,931
 11,108
 9,758
Expenses          
General and administrative(962) (1,024)(1,056) (1,003) (2,901) (3,067)
Operating income2,591
 1,671
2,809
 2,928
 8,207
 6,691
Equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures3,222
 802
6,855
 3,716
 14,874
 7,018
Pretax income$5,813
 $2,473
$9,664
 $6,644
 $23,081
 $13,709


February 29,
2020
 November 30,
2019
August 31,
2020
 November 30,
2019
Assets      
Cash and cash equivalents$1,221
 $1,044
$1,093
 $1,044
Receivables1,589
 2,232
1,414
 2,232
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures9,446
 14,374
10,298
 14,374
Other assets (a)21,556
 20,746
21,956
 20,746
Total assets$33,812
 $38,396
$34,761
 $38,396
Liabilities      
Accounts payable and accrued expenses$2,043
 $2,058
$2,065
 $2,058
Total liabilities$2,043
 $2,058
$2,065
 $2,058

(a)Other assets at February 29,August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019 included $21.1$21.6 million and $20.6 million, respectively, of contract assets for estimated future renewal commissions related to then-existing insurance policies.
4.Earnings Per Share
Basic and diluted earnings per share were calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 Three Months Ended Three Months Ended August 31, Nine Months Ended August 31,
 February 29, 2020 February 28, 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019
Numerator:            
Net income $59,748
 $30,011
 $78,415
 $68,136
 $190,152
 $145,608
Less: Distributed earnings allocated to nonvested restricted stock (44) (14) (42) (48) (129) (76)
Less: Undistributed earnings allocated to nonvested restricted stock (281) (176) (360) (365) (875) (825)
Numerator for basic earnings per share 59,423
 29,821
 78,013
 67,723
 189,148
 144,707
Effect of dilutive securities:        
Interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs associated with convertible senior notes, net of taxes 0
 0
 0
 541
Add: Undistributed earnings allocated to nonvested restricted stock 360
 365
 875
 825
Less: Undistributed earnings reallocated to nonvested restricted stock (346) (354) (843) (769)
Numerator for diluted earnings per share $78,027
 $67,734
 $189,180
 $145,304
        
Denominator:        
Weighted average shares outstanding — basic 90,535
 88,262
 90,292
 87,630
Effect of dilutive securities:        
Share-based payments 3,570
 4,580
 3,496
 4,501
Convertible senior notes 0
 0
 0
 1,901
Weighted average shares outstanding — diluted 94,105
 92,842
 93,788
 94,032
Basic earnings per share $.86
 $.77
 $2.09
 $1.65
Diluted earnings per share $.83
 $.73
 $2.02
 $1.55


  Three Months Ended
  February 29, 2020 February 28, 2019
Effect of dilutive securities:    
Interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs associated with convertible senior notes, net of taxes 
 541
Add: Undistributed earnings allocated to nonvested restricted stock 281
 176
Less: Undistributed earnings reallocated to nonvested restricted stock (268) (158)
Numerator for diluted earnings per share $59,436
 $30,380
     
Denominator:    
Weighted average shares outstanding — basic 89,842
 86,972
Effect of dilutive securities:    
Share-based payments 4,363
 4,202
Convertible senior notes 
 5,788
Weighted average shares outstanding — diluted 94,205
 96,962
Basic earnings per share $.66
 $.34
Diluted earnings per share $.63
 $.31

We compute earnings per share using the two-class method, which is an allocation of earnings between the holders of common stock and a company’s participating security holders. Our outstanding nonvested shares of restricted stock contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends and, therefore, are considered participating securities for purposes of computing earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. We had no other participating securities at February 29,August 31, 2020 or February 28, 2019.
For the three monthsthree-month and nine-month periods ended February 29,August 31, 2020, 0 outstanding stock options were excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation. For the three-month periodand nine-month periods ended February 28,August 31, 2019, outstanding stock options to purchase .8.6 million shares of our common stock were excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation because the effect of their inclusion would be antidilutive. The diluted earnings per share calculation for the threenine months ended February 28,August 31, 2019 included the dilutive effect of the $230.0 million in aggregate principal amount of our 1.375% convertible senior notes due 2019 (“1.375% Convertible Senior Notes due 2019”) based on the number of days they were outstanding during the period. We repaid these notes at their February 1, 2019 maturity.
Contingently issuable shares associated with outstanding performance-based restricted stock units (each, a “PSU”) were not included in the basic earnings per share calculations for the periods presented as the applicable vesting conditions had not been satisfied.
5.Receivables
Receivables consisted of the following (in thousands):
February 29,
2020
 November 30,
2019
August 31,
2020
 November 30,
2019
Due from utility companies, improvement districts and municipalities$129,234
 $128,047
$122,472
 $128,047
Recoveries related to self-insurance and other legal claims77,217
 80,729
69,694
 80,729
Income taxes receivable44,304
 
39,311
 0
Refundable deposits and bonds11,494
 10,925
9,419
 10,925
Other43,317
 37,846
36,439
 37,846
Subtotal305,566
 257,547
277,335
 257,547
Allowance for doubtful accounts(8,351) (8,492)(7,684) (8,492)
Total$297,215
 $249,055
$269,651
 $249,055

6.Inventories
Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):
February 29,
2020
 November 30,
2019
August 31,
2020
 November 30,
2019
Homes completed or under construction$1,306,344
 $1,340,412
$1,316,467
 $1,340,412
Land under development2,271,073
 2,213,713
2,234,992
 2,213,713
Land held for future development or sale (a)151,199
 150,477
119,670
 150,477
Total$3,728,616
 $3,704,602
$3,671,129
 $3,704,602

(a)    Land held for sale totaled $21.3$1.3 million at February 29,August 31, 2020 and $19.3 million at November 30, 2019.
Interest is capitalized to inventories while the related communities or land parcels are being actively developed and until homes are completed or the land is available for immediate sale. Capitalized interest is amortized to construction and land costs as the related inventories are delivered to homebuyers or land buyers (as applicable). For land held for future development or sale, applicable interest is expensed as incurred.

Our interest costs were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months EndedThree Months Ended August 31, Nine Months Ended August 31,
February 29, 2020 February 28, 20192020 2019 2020 2019
Capitalized interest at beginning of period$195,738
 $209,129
$194,434
 $212,160
 $195,738
 $209,129
Interest incurred30,962
 34,788
31,054
 36,024
 93,071
 107,356
Interest amortized to construction and land costs (a)(34,575) (30,547)(30,628) (38,558) (93,949) (106,859)
Capitalized interest at end of period (b)$192,125
 $213,370
$194,860
 $209,626
 $194,860
 $209,626

(a)Interest amortized to construction and land costs for the three months and nine months ended February 28,August 31, 2020 included $.4 million related to land sales during the periods. Interest amortized to construction and land costs for the nine months ended August 31, 2019 included $.6 million related to land sales during the period. There was 0no such interest amortized for the three months ended February 29, 2020.August 31, 2019.
(b)Capitalized interest amounts reflect the gross amount of capitalized interest, as inventory impairment charges recognized, if any, are not generally allocated to specific components of inventory.
7.Inventory Impairments and Land Option Contract Abandonments
Each community or land parcel in our owned inventory is assessed on a quarterly basis to determine if indicators of potential impairment exist. We record an inventory impairment charge on a community or land parcel that is active or held for future development when indicators of potential impairment exist and the carrying value of the real estate asset is greater than the undiscounted future net cash flows the asset is expected to generate. These real estate assets are written down to fair value, which is primarily determined based on the estimated future net cash flows discounted for inherent risk associated with each such asset, or other valuation techniques. We record an inventory impairment charge on land held for sale when the carrying value of a land parcel is greater than its fair value. These real estate assets are written down to fair value, less associated costs to sell. The estimated fair values of such assets are generally based on bona fide letters of intent from outside parties, executed sales contracts, broker quotes or similar information.
When an indicator of potential impairment is identified for a community or land parcel, we test the asset for recoverability by comparing the carrying value of the asset to the undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. The undiscounted future net cash flows are impacted by then-current conditions and trends in the market in which the asset is located as well as factors known to us at the time the cash flows are calculated. These factors may include recent trends in our orders, backlog, cancellation rates and volume of homes delivered, as well as our expectations related to the following: product offerings; market supply and demand, including estimated average selling prices and related price appreciation; and land development, home construction and overhead costs to be incurred and related cost inflation. With respect to the three months ended August 31, 2020, these expectations considered that our net orders, ending backlog and cancellation rates for the 2020 third quarter improved from both the year-earlier quarter and the 2020 second quarter when the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and related COVID-19 control responses in our served markets caused a significant contraction in economic activity and adversely affected our ability to conduct normal operations, as described in Note 1 – Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies. Our impairment assessments also considered that while the number of homes delivered in the 2020 third quarter decreased from the year-earlier quarter, the average selling price of those homes increased slightly and our housing gross profit margin improved significantly over the same period. Moreover, the average selling price of our net orders generated during the 2020 third quarter increased from the year-earlier period. Taken together, and notwithstanding the significant disruptions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic during the 2020 second quarter, our inventory assessments as of August 31, 2020 determined that market conditions for each of our assets in inventory where impairment indicators were identified were expected to be sufficiently stable, with a solid net order pace and a steady average selling price for the remainder of 2020 and into 2021 relative to the performance in recent quarters, to support such assets’ recoverability. Our inventory is assessed for potential impairment on a quarterly basis, and the assumptions used are reviewed and adjusted, as necessary, to reflect the market conditions and trends and our expectations at the time each assessment is performed.
We evaluated 1322 and 1831 communities or land parcels for recoverability at February 29,during the nine months ended August 31, 2020 and February 28, 2019, respectively, including certain communities or land parcels previously held for future development that were reactivated as part of our ongoing efforts to improve asset efficiency. The carrying values of the communities or land parcels evaluated were $116.3$191.8 million at February 29,August 31, 2020 and $96.2$219.2 million at February 28,August 31, 2019. Some of the communities or land parcels evaluated during the nine months ended August 31, 2020 and 2019 were evaluated in more than one quarterly period. Communities or land parcels evaluated for recoverability in more than one quarterly period were counted only once for each

nine-month period. In addition, we evaluated land held for future development for recoverability during the nine months ended August 31, 2020 and 2019.
Based on the results of our evaluations, we recognized inventory impairment charges of $5.1$6.5 million for the three months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 and $3.2$11.6 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2020. For the three months and nine months ended February 28, 2019.August 31, 2019, we recognized inventory impairment charges of $4.8 million and $11.5 million, respectively. The impairment charges for the three monthsthree-month and nine-month periods ended February 29,August 31, 2020 and February 28, 2019 reflected our decisions to make changes in our operational

strategies aimed at more quickly monetizing our investment in certain communities by accelerating the overall pace for selling, building and delivering homes therein, including communities on land previously held for future development.
The following table summarizes significant quantitative unobservable inputs we utilized in our fair value measurements with respect to the impaired communities written down to fair value during the periods presented:
Three Months Ended
Unobservable Input (a)February 29, 2020February 28, 2019
Average selling price$302,700 - $915,500$1,045,400
Deliveries per month1 - 41
Discount rate17% - 18%17%
  Three Months Ended August 31, Nine Months Ended August 31,
Unobservable Input (a) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Average selling price $301,600 - $1,010,100 $325,300 - $957,200 $301,600 - $1,010,100 $315,000 - $1,045,400
Deliveries per month 2 2 - 4 1 - 4 1 - 4
Discount rate 17% - 18% 17% 17% - 18% 17%

(a)The ranges of inputs used in each period primarily reflect differences between the housing markets where each impacted community is located, rather than fluctuations in prevailing market conditions.
As of February 29,August 31, 2020, the aggregate carrying value of our inventory that had been impacted by inventory impairment charges was $106.5$89.4 million, representing 1816 communities and various other land parcels. As of November 30, 2019, the aggregate carrying value of our inventory that had been impacted by inventory impairment charges was $115.6 million, representing 19 communities and various other land parcels.
Our inventory controlled under land option contracts and other similar contracts is assessed on a quarterly basis to determine whether it continues to meet our investment return standards. When a decision is made not to exercise certain land option contracts and other similar contracts due to market conditions and/or changes in our marketing strategy, we write off the related inventory costs, including non-refundable deposits and unrecoverable pre-acquisition costs. Based on the results of our assessments, we recognized land option contract abandonment charges of $.6 million for the three months ended February 29, 2020 and $.4 million for the three months ended February 28, 2019.August 31, 2020 and $5.4 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2020. For the three-month and nine-month periods ended August 31, 2019, we recognized land option contract abandonment charges of $.4 million and $1.7 million, respectively.
DueIf conditions in our served markets are or are expected to be adversely affected for a prolonged period due to the COVID-19 control responses or otherwise, we may determine through our community and land parcel evaluations in future quarters that we need to take impairment charges, and such charges could be material. In addition, due to the judgment and assumptions applied in our inventory impairment and land option contract abandonment assessment processes, particularly as to land held for future development, it is possible that actual results could differ substantially from those estimated.
8.Variable Interest Entities
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. We participate in joint ventures from time to time that conduct land acquisition, land development and/or other homebuilding activities in various markets where our homebuilding operations are located. Our investments in these joint ventures may create a variable interest in a variable interest entity (“VIE”), depending on the contractual terms of the arrangement. We analyze our joint ventures under the variable interest model to determine whether they are VIEs and, if so, whether we are the primary beneficiary. Based on our analyses, we determined that 1 of our joint ventures at February 29,August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019 was a VIE, but we were not the primary beneficiary of the VIE. Therefore, all of our joint ventures at February 29,August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019 were unconsolidated and accounted for under the equity method because we did not have a controlling financial interest.
Land Option Contracts and Other Similar Contracts. In the ordinary course of our business, we enter into land option contracts and other similar contracts with third parties and unconsolidated entities to acquire rights to land for the construction of homes. Under these contracts, we typically make a specified option payment or earnest money deposit in consideration for the right to purchase land in the future, usually at a predetermined price. We analyze each of our land option contracts and other similar contracts under the variable interest model to determine whether the land seller is a VIE and, if so, whether we are the primary

beneficiary. Although we do not have legal title to the underlying land, we are required to consolidate a VIE if we are the primary beneficiary. As a result of our analyses, we determined that as of February 29,August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019, we were not the primary beneficiary of any VIEs from which we have acquired rights to land under land option contracts and other similar contracts. We perform ongoing reassessments of whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE.
The following table presents a summary of our interests in land option contracts and other similar contracts (in thousands):

February 29, 2020 November 30, 2019August 31, 2020 November 30, 2019
Cash
Deposits
 
Aggregate
Purchase Price
 
Cash
Deposits
 
Aggregate
Purchase Price
Cash
Deposits
 
Aggregate
Purchase Price
 
Cash
Deposits
 
Aggregate
Purchase Price
Unconsolidated VIEs$34,070
 $793,439
 $34,595
 $823,427
$25,856
 $844,801
 $34,595
 $823,427
Other land option contracts and other similar contracts41,536
 599,426
 40,591
 600,092
39,171
 511,796
 40,591
 600,092
Total$75,606
 $1,392,865
 $75,186
 $1,423,519
$65,027
 $1,356,597
 $75,186
 $1,423,519

In addition to the cash deposits presented in the table above, our exposure to loss related to our land option contracts and other similar contracts with third parties and unconsolidated entities consisted of pre-acquisition costs of $32.028.8 million at February 29,August 31, 2020 and $32.8 million at November 30, 2019. These pre-acquisition costs and cash deposits were included in inventories in our consolidated balance sheets.
For land option contracts and other similar contracts where the land seller entity is not required to be consolidated under the variable interest model, we consider whether such contracts should be accounted for as financing arrangements. Land option contracts and other similar contracts that may be considered financing arrangements include those we enter into with third-party land financiers or developers in conjunction with such third parties acquiring a specific land parcel(s) on our behalf, at our direction, and those with other landowners where we or our designee make improvements to the optioned land parcel(s) during the applicable option period. For these land option contracts and other similar contracts, we record the remaining purchase price of the associated land parcel(s) in inventories in our consolidated balance sheets with a corresponding financing obligation if we determine that we are effectively compelled to exercise the option to purchase the land parcel(s). As a result of our evaluations of land option contracts and other similar contracts for financing arrangements, we recorded inventories in our consolidated balance sheets, with a corresponding increase to accrued expenses and other liabilities, of $20.917.2 million at February 29,August 31, 2020 and $12.2 million at November 30, 2019.
9.Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
We have investments in unconsolidated joint ventures that conduct land acquisition, land development and/or other homebuilding activities in various markets where our homebuilding operations are located. We and our unconsolidated joint venture partners make initial and/or ongoing capital contributions to these unconsolidated joint ventures, typically on a pro rata basis, according to our respective equity interests. The obligations to make capital contributions are governed by each such unconsolidated joint venture’s respective operating agreement and related governing documents.
The following table presents combined condensed information from the statements of operations of our unconsolidated joint ventures (in thousands):
Three Months EndedThree Months Ended August 31, Nine Months Ended August 31,
February 29, 2020 February 28, 20192020 2019 2020 2019
Revenues$27,547
 $12,192
$21,473
 $5,729
 $115,893
 $21,707
Construction and land costs(21,543) (12,220)(15,960) (5,686) (84,228) (21,704)
Other expense, net(2,107) (628)(1,606) (708) (7,455) (1,946)
Income (loss)$3,897
 $(656)$3,907
 $(665) $24,210
 $(1,943)

The higher combined revenues and income for the three months and nine months ended February 29,August 31, 2020, as compared to the year-earlier period,periods, mainly reflected homes delivered from an unconsolidated joint venture in California. In the three months and nine months ended February 28,August 31, 2019, our unconsolidated joint ventures did not deliver any homes.

The following table presents combined condensed balance sheet information for our unconsolidated joint ventures (in thousands):

February 29,
2020
 November 30,
2019
August 31,
2020
 November 30,
2019
Assets      
Cash$38,454
 $23,965
$35,674
 $23,965
Inventories126,240
 139,536
71,911
 139,536
Other assets730
 792
713
 792
Total assets$165,424
 $164,293
$108,298
 $164,293
      
Liabilities and equity      
Accounts payable and other liabilities$13,352
 $13,282
$12,073
 $13,282
Notes payable (a)39,463
 40,672
0
 40,672
Equity112,609
 110,339
96,225
 110,339
Total liabilities and equity$165,424
 $164,293
$108,298
 $164,293

(a)As of both February 29,August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019, we had investments in 5 unconsolidated joint ventures,ventures. At November 30, 2019, 1 of whichour unconsolidated joint ventures had a construction loan agreement with a third-party lender to finance its land development activities. The outstanding debt iswas secured by the underlying property and related project assets and iswas non-recourse to us. All of the outstanding secured debt at February 29, 2020 is scheduled to maturewas repaid in February 2021. However, the loan agreement provides for a one-year extension beyond this date.April 2020. None of our other unconsolidated joint ventures had outstanding debt at February 29, 2020 or November 30, 2019.August 31, 2020.
We and our partner in the unconsolidated joint venture that has the above-noted outstanding construction loan agreement at February 29, 2020 provide certain guarantees and indemnities to the lender, including a guaranty to complete the construction of improvements for the project; a guaranty against losses the lender suffers due to certain bad acts or failures to act by the unconsolidated joint venture or its partners; and an indemnity of the lender from environmental issues. Our actual responsibility under the foregoing guaranty and indemnity obligations is limited to our pro rata interest in the unconsolidated joint venture. We do not have a guaranty or any other obligation to repay or to support the value of the collateral underlying the outstanding secured debt. However, various financial and non-financial covenants apply with respect to the outstanding secured debt and the related guaranty and indemnity obligations, and a failure to comply with such covenants could result in a default and cause the lender to seek to enforce such guaranty and indemnity obligations, if and as may be applicable. We do not believe that our existing exposure under our guaranty and indemnity obligations related to the outstanding secured debt is material to our consolidated financial statements.
10.Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
 February 29,
2020
 November 30,
2019
 August 31,
2020
 November 30,
2019
Computer software and equipment $28,114
 $27,091
 $31,901
 $27,091
Model furnishings and sales office improvements 84,624
 82,117
 80,642
 82,117
Leasehold improvements, office furniture and equipment 16,686
 16,173
 17,167
 16,173
Subtotal 129,424
 125,381
 129,710
 125,381
Less accumulated depreciation (64,971) (60,338) (65,091) (60,338)
Total $64,453
 $65,043
 $64,619
 $65,043



11.Other Assets
Other assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
February 29,
2020
 November 30,
2019
August 31,
2020
 November 30,
2019
Cash surrender value and benefit receivable from corporate-owned life insurance contracts$74,010
 $73,849
$73,310
 $73,849
Lease right-of-use assets32,036
 
32,992
 0
Prepaid expenses20,637
 5,944
16,328
 5,944
Debt issuance costs associated with unsecured revolving credit facility, net3,036
 3,248
2,612
 3,248
Total$129,719
 $83,041
$125,242
 $83,041


12.Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
February 29,
2020
 November 30,
2019
August 31,
2020
 November 30,
2019
Self-insurance and other legal liabilities$231,299
 $229,483
$225,775
 $229,483
Employee compensation and related benefits114,379
 163,646
136,003
 163,646
Warranty liability90,213
 88,839
94,347
 88,839
Accrued interest payable36,435
 32,507
36,051
 32,507
Lease liabilities34,525
 0
Inventory-related obligations (a)34,130
 26,264
29,491
 26,264
Lease liabilities33,538
 
Customer deposits32,888
 22,382
21,360
 22,382
Real estate and business taxes11,870
 14,872
14,967
 14,872
Other36,806
 40,790
38,010
 40,790
Total$621,558
 $618,783
$630,529
 $618,783

(a)Represents liabilities for financing arrangements discussed in Note 8 – Variable Interest Entities, as well as liabilities for fixed or determinable amounts associated with tax increment financing entity (“TIFE”) assessments. As homes are delivered, our obligation to pay the remaining TIFE assessments associated with each underlying lot is transferred to the homebuyer. As such, these assessment obligations will be paid by us only to the extent we do not deliver homes on applicable lots before the related TIFE obligations mature.
13.Leases
We lease certain property and equipment for use in our operations. We recognize lease expense for these leases generally on a straight-line basis over the lease term and combine lease and non-lease components for all leases. Lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recorded on our consolidated balance sheets for leases with an expected term at the commencement date of more than 12 months. Some of our leases include one or more renewal options, the exercise of which is generally at our discretion. Such options are excluded from our calculationsthe expected term of the lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities untilunless we determine it is reasonably certain the option will be exercised. Lease liabilities are equal to the present value of the remaining lease payments while the amount of lease right-of-use assets is based on the lease liabilities, subject to adjustment, such as for lease incentives. Our leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit interest rate; therefore, we estimate our incremental borrowing rate to calculate the present value of remaining lease payments. In determining our incremental borrowing rate, we considered the lease term, market interest rates, current interest rates on our senior notes and the effects of collateralization. Our lease population at February 29,August 31, 2020 was comprised of operating leases where we are the lessee, primarily real estate leases for our corporate office, division offices and design studios, as well as certain equipment leases. Our lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
Lease expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations and includes costs for leases with terms of more than 12 months as well as short-term leases with terms of 12 months or less. For

the three months ended February 29,August 31, 2020, our total lease expense was $5.0$4.2 million, which included short-term lease costs of $2.1$1.1 million. For the nine months ended August 31, 2020, our total lease expense was $13.6 million, which included short-term lease costs of $4.8 million. Variable lease costs and external sublease income for the three monthsthree-month and nine-month periods ended February 29,August 31, 2020 were immaterial.
The following table presents our lease right-of-use assets, and lease liabilities as of February 29, 2020 and other information about our leases for the three months ended February 29, 2020weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate (incremental borrowing rate) used in calculating the lease liabilities (dollars in thousands):
Lease right-of-use assets (a)  $32,388
Lease liabilities (b)  33,918
Lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities

  3,640
Non-cash operating lease expense  
Cash payments on lease liabilities  2,743
Weighted-average remaining lease term  5.0 years
Weighted-average discount rate (incremental borrowing rate)  5.1%

   August 31,
2020
Lease right-of-use assets (a)  $33,291
Lease liabilities (b)  34,849
Weighted-average remaining lease term  4.5 years
Weighted-average discount rate (incremental borrowing rate)  5.1%

(a)Represents lease right-of-use assets of $32.0$33.0 million within our homebuilding operations and $.4$.3 million within our financial services operations.
(b)Represents lease liabilities of $33.5$34.5 million within our homebuilding operations and $.4$.3 million within our financial services operations.
The following table presents additional information about our leases (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
August 31, 2020
 
Nine Months Ended
August 31, 2020
Lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities$2,977
 $9,045
Cash payments on lease liabilities2,831
 8,468

As of February 29,August 31, 2020, the future minimum lease payments required under our leases are as follows (in thousands):
Years Ending November 30,    
2020 $7,826
 $2,737
2021 8,342
 10,178
2022 7,058
 8,921
2023 5,234
 6,704
2024 4,289
 4,637
Thereafter 5,875
 6,099
Total lease payments 38,624
 39,276
Less: Interest (4,706) (4,427)
Present value of lease liabilities $33,918
 $34,849

14.Income Taxes
Income Tax Expense. Our income tax expense and effective tax rates were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Three Months EndedThree Months Ended August 31, Nine Months Ended August 31,
February 29, 2020 February 28, 20192020 2019 2020 2019
Income tax expense$9,100
 $4,500
$22,900
 $23,800
 $47,800
 $37,600
Effective tax rate13.2% 13.0%22.6% 25.9% 20.1% 20.5%

Our income tax expense and effective tax rate for the three months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 included the favorable effectseffect of $5.6 million of excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation and $4.0$3.1 million of federal energy tax credits that we earned from building energy-efficient homes.homes, partially offset by $1.2 million of non-deductible executive compensation expense under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m). Our income tax expense and effective tax rate for the three months ended February 28,August 31, 2019 reflected $1.4 million of non-deductible executive compensation expense.
Our income tax expense and effective tax rate for the nine months ended August 31, 2020 included the favorable impactseffects of $10.1 million of federal energy tax credits that we earned from building energy-efficient homes and $5.6 million of excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation, partially offset by $3.2 million of non-deductible executive compensation expense. For the nine months ended August 31, 2019, our income tax expense and effective tax rate included the favorable effects of $4.3 million of federal energy tax credits, a $3.3 million reversal of a deferred tax asset valuation allowance related to refundable alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) credits and $2.0$2.9 million of excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation, which were partly offset by $.8$2.6 million of other items.

non-deductible executive compensation expense.
The federal energy tax credits for the three months and nine months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 resulted from legislation enacted in December 2019, which among other things, extended the availability of a business tax credit for building new energy-efficientenergy-

efficient homes through December 31, 2020. Prior to this legislation, the tax credit expired on December 31, 2017. This extension is expected to benefit our income tax provision in future periods.
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was enacted to provide economic and other relief as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among other things, the CARES Act provides various income and payroll tax provisions that we do not expect to have a material impact on our income tax expense or effective tax rate for 2020. The CARES Act also accelerated the timetable for AMT credit refunds. As a result, in the 2020 second quarter, we filed a superseding 2019 federal income tax return claiming an additional refund of $39.3 million of AMT credits and reclassified this amount from deferred tax assets to receivables. These credits were in addition to the $43.3 million of AMT tax credits that we reclassified from deferred tax assets to receivables in the 2020 first quarter when we filed a preliminary 2019 federal income tax return. We received the $43.3 million AMT credit refund in the 2020 third quarter.
In June 2020, California enacted tax legislation that approved the suspension of California net operating loss deductions for tax years 2020, 2021 and 2022. The suspension of California net operating loss deductions did not have an impact on our income tax expense for the three months or nine months ended August 31, 2020.
Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowance. We evaluate our deferred tax assets quarterly to determine if adjustments to our valuation allowance are required based on the consideration of all available positive and negative evidence using a “more likely than not” standard with respect to whether deferred tax assets will be realized. Our evaluation considers, among other factors, our historical operating results, our expectation of future profitability, the duration of the applicable statutory carryforward periods, and conditions in the housing market and the broader economy. The ultimate realization of our deferred tax assets depends primarily on our ability to generate future taxable income during the periods in which the related deferred tax assets become deductible. The value of our deferred tax assets depends on applicable income tax rates.
Our deferred tax assets of $331.4$260.5 million as of February 29,August 31, 2020 and $383.7 million as of November 30, 2019 were both partly offset by valuation allowances of $19.3 million and $19.2 million.million, respectively. Our deferred tax assets as of February 29,August 31, 2020 reflected the reclassification of $43.3above-mentioned AMT credit reclassifications totaling $82.6 million of alternative minimum tax credits from deferred tax assets to receivables due toin the filing of our 2019 federal income tax return claiming a refund of these credits.2020 first and second quarters. The deferred tax asset valuation allowances as of February 29,August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019 were primarily related to certain state net operating losses that had not met the “more likely than not” realization standard at those dates. As a result of an adjustment to our state net operating losses, we increased the valuation allowance by $.1 million in the 2020 third quarter. Based on the evaluation of our deferred tax assets as of February 29,August 31, 2020, we determined that most of our deferred tax assets would be realized. Therefore, other than the slight increase mentioned above, 0 adjustments to our deferred tax valuation allowance were needed for the threenine months ended February 29,August 31, 2020.
We will continue to evaluate both the positive and negative evidence on a quarterly basis in determining the need for a valuation allowance with respect to our deferred tax assets. The accounting for deferred tax assets is based upon estimates of future results. Changes in positive and negative evidence, including differences between estimated and actual results, could result in changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets that could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Changes in existing federal and state tax laws and corporate income tax rates could also affect actual tax results and the realization of deferred tax assets over time.
Unrecognized Tax Benefits. As of February 29,August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019, we had 0 gross unrecognized tax benefits. The fiscal years ending 20162017 and later remain open to federal examinations, while 2015 and later remain open to state examinations.
15.Notes Payable
Notes payable consisted of the following (in thousands):
February 29,
2020
 November 30,
2019
August 31,
2020
 November 30,
2019
Mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans$7,889
 $7,889
$5,620
 $7,889
7.00% Senior notes due December 15, 2021448,375
 448,164
448,807
 448,164
7.50% Senior notes due September 15, 2022348,408
 348,267
348,697
 348,267
7.625% Senior notes due May 15, 2023351,633
 351,748
351,400
 351,748
6.875% Senior notes due June 15, 2027296,471
 296,379
296,660
 296,379
4.80% Senior notes due November 15, 2029296,372
 296,300
296,520
 296,300
Total$1,749,148
 $1,748,747
$1,747,704
 $1,748,747


The carrying amounts of our senior notes listed above are net of unamortized debt issuance costs, premiums and discounts, which totaled $8.7$7.9 million at February 29,August 31, 2020 and $9.1 million at November 30, 2019.
Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility. We have an $800.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility with various banks (“Credit Facility”) that will mature on October 7, 2023. The Credit Facility contains an uncommitted accordion feature under which its aggregate principal amount of available loans can be increased to a maximum of $1.00 billion under certain conditions, including obtaining additional bank commitments. The Credit Facility also contains a sublimit of $250.0 million for the issuance of letters of credit. Interest on amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility is payable at least quarterly in arrears at a rate based on either a Eurodollar or a base rate, plus a spread that depends on our consolidated leverage ratio (“Leverage Ratio”), as defined under the Credit Facility. The Credit Facility also requires the payment of a commitment fee at a per

annum rate ranging from .20% to .35% of the unused commitment, based on our Leverage Ratio. Under the terms of the Credit Facility, we are required, among other things, to maintain compliance with various covenants, including financial covenants relating to our consolidated tangible net worth, Leverage Ratio, and either a consolidated interest coverage ratio (“Interest Coverage Ratio”) or minimum level of liquidity, each as defined therein. The amount of the Credit Facility available for cash borrowings or the issuance of letters of credit depends on the total cash borrowings and letters of credit outstanding under the Credit Facility and the maximum available amount under the terms of the Credit Facility. As of February 29,August 31, 2020, we had 0 cash borrowings and $12.4 million of letters of credit outstanding under the Credit Facility. Therefore, as of February 29,August 31, 2020, we had $787.6 million available for cash borrowings under the Credit Facility, with up to $237.6 million of that amount available for the issuance of letters of credit.
Letter of Credit Facility. We have an unsecured letter of credit agreement with a financial institution (“LOC Facility”). Under the LOC Facility, which expires on February 13, 2022, we may issue up to $50.0 million of letters of credit. We maintain the LOC Facility to obtain letters of credit from time to time in the ordinary course of operating our business. As of February 29,August 31, 2020, we had $33.4$29.3 million of letters of credit outstanding under the LOC Facility. We had $15.8 million letters of credit outstanding under the LOC Facility as of November 30, 2019.
Mortgages and Land Contracts Due to Land Sellers and Other Loans. As of February 29,August 31, 2020, inventories having a carrying value of $30.8$49.2 million were pledged to collateralize mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans.
Shelf Registration. On July 9, 2020, we filed an automatically effective universal shelf registration statement (“2020 Shelf Registration”) with the SEC. The 2020 Shelf Registration registers the offering of securities that we may issue from time to time in amounts to be determined. Issuances of securities under our 2020 Shelf Registration require the filing of a prospectus supplement identifying the amount and terms of the securities to be issued. Our ability to issue securities is subject to market conditions and, with respect to debt securities, other factors impacting our borrowing capacity. The 2020 Shelf Registration replaced our previously effective universal shelf registration statement filed with the SEC on July 14, 2017. We have not made any offerings of securities under the 2020 Shelf Registration.
Senior Notes. All of the senior notes outstanding at February 29,August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019 represent senior unsecured obligations that are guaranteed by certain of our subsidiaries and rank equally in right of payment with all of our and our guarantor subsidiaries’ existing unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. Interest on each of these senior notes is payable semi-annually.
The indenture governing our senior notes does not contain any financial covenants. Subject to specified exceptions, the indenture contains certain restrictive covenants that, among other things, limit our ability to incur secured indebtedness, or engage in sale and leaseback transactions involving property above a certain specified value. In addition, the indenture contains certain limitations related to mergers, consolidations, and sales of assets.
As of February 29,August 31, 2020, we were in compliance with the applicable terms of all our covenants and other requirements under the Credit Facility, the senior notes, the indenture, and the mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans. Our ability to access the Credit Facility for cash borrowings and letters of credit and our ability to secure future debt financing depend, in part, on our ability to remain in such compliance.
As of February 29,August 31, 2020, principal payments on senior notes, mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans are due during each year ending November 30 as follows: 2020 – $7.9$4.6 million; 2021 – $0;$1.0 million; 2022 – $800.0 million; 2023 – $350.0 million; 2024 – $0; and thereafter – $600.0 million.
16.Fair Value Disclosures
Fair value measurements of assets and liabilities are categorized based on the following hierarchy:

Level 1 Fair value determined based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 Fair value determined using significant observable inputs, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities or quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data, by correlation or other means.
Level 3 Fair value determined using significant unobservable inputs, such as pricing models, discounted cash flows, or similar techniques.

Fair value measurements are used for inventories on a nonrecurring basis when events and circumstances indicate that their carrying value is not recoverable. The following table presents the fair value hierarchy and our assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis for the threenine months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 and the year ended November 30, 2019 (in thousands): 

 February 29, 2020 November 30, 2019 August 31, 2020 November 30, 2019
Description Fair Value Hierarchy Pre-Impairment Value Inventory Impairment Charges Fair Value (a) Pre-Impairment Value Inventory Impairment Charges Fair Value (a) Fair Value Hierarchy Pre-Impairment Value Inventory Impairment Charges Fair Value (a) Pre-Impairment Value Inventory Impairment Charges Fair Value (a)
Inventories Level 3 $14,394
 $(5,105) $9,289
 $41,160
 $(14,031) $27,129
 Level 3 $28,598
 $(11,589) $17,009
 $41,160
 $(14,031) $27,129
(a)Amounts represent the aggregate fair value for real estate assets impacted by inventory impairment charges during the applicable period as of the date that the fair value measurements were made. The carrying value for these real estate assets may have subsequently increased or decreased from the fair value reflected due to activity that has occurred since the measurement date.
The fair values for inventories that were determined using Level 3 inputs were based on the estimated future net cash flows discounted for inherent risk associated with each underlying asset.
The following table presents the fair value hierarchy, carrying valuesvalue and estimated fair valuesvalue of our financial instruments, except those for which the carrying values approximate fair values (in thousands):
  February 29, 2020 November 30, 2019   August 31, 2020 November 30, 2019
Fair Value
Hierarchy
 
Carrying
Value (a)
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Carrying
Value (a)
 
Estimated
Fair Value
Description 
Fair Value
Hierarchy
 
Carrying
Value (a)
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Carrying
Value (a)
 
Estimated
Fair Value
Financial Liabilities:                
Senior notesLevel 2 $1,741,259
 $1,936,250
 $1,740,858
 $1,921,563
 Level 2 $1,742,084
 $1,912,750
 $1,740,858
 $1,921,563

(a)The carrying values for the senior notes include unamortized debt issuance costs. Debt issuance costs are not factored into the estimated fair values of these notes.
The fair values of our senior notes are generally estimated based on quoted market prices for these instruments.
The carrying values reported for cash and cash equivalents, and mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans approximate fair values. The carrying value of corporate-owned life insurance is based on the cash surrender value of the policies and, accordingly, approximates fair value.
17.Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments and contingencies include typical obligations of homebuilders for the completion of contracts and those incurred in the ordinary course of business.
Warranty. We provide a limited warranty on all of our homes. The specific terms and conditions of our limited warranty program vary depending upon the markets in which we do business. We generally provide a structural warranty of 10 years, a warranty on electrical, heating, cooling, plumbing and certain other building systems each varying from two years to five years based on geographic market and state law, and a warranty of one year for other components of the home. Our limited warranty program is ordinarily how we respond to and account for homeowners’ requests to local division offices seeking repairs of certain conditions or defects, including claims where we could have liability under applicable state statutes or tort law for a defective condition in or damages to a home. Our warranty liability covers our costs of repairs associated with

homeowner claims made under our limited warranty program. These claims are generally made directly by a homeowner and involve their individual home.
We estimate the costs that may be incurred under each limited warranty and record a liability in the amount of such costs at the time the revenue associated with the sale of each home is recognized. Our primary assumption in estimating the amounts we accrue for warranty costs is that historical claims experience is a strong indicator of future claims experience. Factors that affect our warranty liability include the number of homes delivered, historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims, and cost per claim. We periodically assess the adequacy of our accrued warranty liability, which is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets, and adjust the amount as necessary based on our assessment. Our assessment includes the review of our actual warranty costs incurred to identify trends and changes in our warranty claims experience, and considers our home construction quality and customer service initiatives and outside events. While we believe the warranty liability currently reflected in our consolidated balance sheets to be adequate, unanticipated changes or developments in the legal environment, local weather, land or environmental conditions, quality of materials or methods used in the construction of homes or customer service practices and/or our warranty claims experience could have a significant impact on our actual warranty costs in future periods and such amounts could differ significantly from our current estimates.

The changes in our warranty liability were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months EndedThree Months Ended August 31, Nine Months Ended August 31,
February 29, 2020 February 28, 20192020 2019 2020 2019
Balance at beginning of period$88,839
 $82,490
$92,844
 $83,030
 $88,839
 $82,490
Warranties issued8,363
 6,294
6,326
 9,067
 21,960
 23,500
Payments(6,989) (4,593)(4,823) (5,925) (16,452) (17,018)
Adjustments0
 0
 0
 (2,800)
Balance at end of period$90,213
 $84,191
$94,347
 $86,172
 $94,347
 $86,172

Guarantees. In the normal course of our business, we issue certain representations, warranties and guarantees related to our home sales and land sales. Based on historical experience, we do not believe any potential liability with respect to these representations, warranties or guarantees would be material to our consolidated financial statements.
Self-Insurance. We maintain, and require the majority of our independent subcontractors to maintain, general liability insurance (including construction defect and bodily injury coverage) and workers’ compensation insurance. These insurance policies protect us against a portion of our risk of loss from claims related to our homebuilding activities, subject to certain self-insured retentions, deductibles and other coverage limits. We also maintain certain other insurance policies. In Arizona, California, Colorado and Nevada, our subcontractors’ general liability insurance primarily takes the form of a wrap-up policy under a program where eligible independent subcontractors are enrolled as insureds on each community. Enrolled subcontractors contribute toward the cost of the insurance and agree to pay a contractual amount in the future if there is a claim related to their work. To the extent provided under the wrap-up program, we absorb the enrolled subcontractors’ general liability associated with the work performed on our homes within the applicable community as part of our overall general liability insurance and our self-insurance.
We self-insure a portion of our overall risk through the use of a captive insurance subsidiary, which provides coverage for our exposure to construction defect, bodily injury and property damage claims and related litigation or regulatory actions, up to certain limits. Our self-insurance liability generally covers the costs of settlements and/or repairs, if any, as well as our costs to defend and resolve the following types of claims:
Construction defect: Construction defect claims, which represent the largest component of our self-insurance liability, typically originate through a legal or regulatory process rather than directly by a homeowner and involve the alleged occurrence of a condition affecting 2 or more homes within the same community, or they involve a common area or homeowners association property within a community. These claims typically involve higher costs to resolve than individual homeowner warranty claims, and the rate of claims is highly variable.
Bodily injury: Bodily injury claims typically involve individuals (other than our employees) who claim they were injured while on our property or as a result of our operations.
Property damage: Property damage claims generally involve claims by third parties for alleged damage to real or personal property as a result of our operations. Such claims may occasionally include those made against us by owners of property located near our communities.

Our self-insurance liability at each reporting date represents the estimated costs of reported claims, claims incurred but not yet reported, and claim adjustment expenses. The amount of our self-insurance liability is based on an analysis performed by a third-party actuary that uses our historical claim and expense data, as well as industry data to estimate these overall costs. Key assumptions used in developing these estimates include claim frequencies, severities and resolution patterns, which can occur over an extended period of time. These estimates are subject to variability due to the length of time between the delivery of a home to a homebuyer and when a construction defect claim is made, and the ultimate resolution of such claim; uncertainties regarding such claims relative to our markets and the types of product we build; and legal or regulatory actions and/or interpretations, among other factors. Due to the degree of judgment involved and the potential for variability in these underlying assumptions, our actual future costs could differ from those estimated. In addition, changes in the frequency and severity of reported claims and the estimates to resolve claims can impact the trends and assumptions used in the actuarial analysis, which could be material to our consolidated financial statements. Though state regulations vary, construction defect claims are reported and resolved over a long period of time, which can extend for 10 years or more. As a result, the majority of the estimated self-insurance liability based on the actuarial analysis relates to claims incurred but not yet reported. Therefore, adjustments related to individual existing claims generally do not significantly impact the overall estimated liability.

Adjustments to our liabilities related to homes delivered in prior years are recorded in the period in which a change in our estimate occurs.
Our self-insurance liability is presented on a gross basis for all periods without consideration of insurance recoveries and amounts we have paid on behalf of and expect to recover from other parties, if any. Estimated probable insurance and other recoveries of $50.8$51.0 million and $50.6 million are included in receivables in our consolidated balance sheets at February 29,August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019, respectively. These self-insurance recoveries are principally based on actuarially determined amounts and depend on various factors, including, among other things, the above-described claim cost estimates, our insurance policy coverage limits for the applicable policy year(s), historical third-party recovery rates, insurance industry practices, the regulatory environment and legal precedent, and are subject to a high degree of variability from period to period. Because of the inherent uncertainty and variability in these assumptions, our actual insurance recoveries could differ significantly from amounts currently estimated.
The changes in our self-insurance liability were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months EndedThree Months Ended August 31, Nine Months Ended August 31,
February 29, 2020 February 28, 20192020 2019 2020 2019
Balance at beginning of period$177,765
 $176,841
$178,081
 $170,978
 $177,765
 $176,841
Self-insurance expense (a)4,634
 3,747
3,545
 4,802
 9,522
 12,844
Payments (b)(918) (2,726)2,483
 (5,162) (3,178) (19,067)
Balance at end of period$181,481
 $177,862
$184,109
 $170,618
 $184,109
 $170,618
(a)These expenses are included in selling, general and administrative expenses and are largely offset by contributions from subcontractors participating in the wrap-up policy.
(b)Includes net changes in estimated probable insurance and other recoveries, which are recorded in receivables, to present our self-insurance liability on a gross basis. The amount for the three months ended August 31, 2020 reflects an increase in the actuarially estimated probable insurance and other recoveries that exceeded the payments made.
For most of our claims, there is no interaction between our warranty liability and self-insurance liability. Typically, if a matter is identified at its outset as either a warranty or self-insurance claim, it remains as such through its resolution. However, there can be instances of interaction between the liabilities, such as where individual homeowners in a community separately request warranty repairs to their homes to address a similar condition or issue and subsequently join together to initiate, or potentially initiate, a legal process with respect to that condition or issue and/or the repair work we have undertaken. In these instances, the claims and related repair work generally are initially covered by our warranty liability, and the costs associated with resolving the legal matter (including any additional repair work) are covered by our self-insurance liability.
The payments we make in connection with claims and related repair work, whether covered within our warranty liability and/or our self-insurance liability, may be recovered from our insurers to the extent such payments exceed the self-insured retentions or deductibles under our general liability insurance policies. Also, in certain instances, in the course of resolving a claim, we pay amounts in advance of and/or on behalf of a subcontractor(s) or their insurer(s) and believe we will be reimbursed for such payments. Estimates of all such amounts, if any, are recorded as receivables in our consolidated balance sheets when any such recovery is considered probable.

Florida Chapter 558 Actions (Individual and Homeowner Association Claims). We and certain of our subcontractors have received a growing number of claims from attorneys on behalf of individual owners of our homes and/or homeowners’ associations that allege, pursuant to Chapter 558 of the Florida Statutes, various construction defects, with most relating to stucco and water-intrusion issues. The claims primarily involve homes in our Jacksonville, Orlando, and Tampa operations. Under Chapter 558, homeowners must serve written notice of a construction defect(s) and provide the served construction and/or design contractor(s) with an opportunity to respond to the noticed issue(s) before they can file a lawsuit. Although we have resolved many of these claims without litigation, and a number of others have been resolved with applicable subcontractors or their insurers covering the related costs, as of February 29,August 31, 2020, we had approximately 480583 outstanding noticed claims, and some are scheduled for trial over the next few quarters and beyond. In addition, some of our subcontractors’ insurers in some of these cases have informed us of their inability to continue to pay claims-related costs. At February 29,August 31, 2020, we had an accrual for our estimated probable loss for these matters and a receivable for estimated probable insurance recoveries. While it is reasonably possible that our loss could exceed the amount accrued and our recoveries could be less than the amount recorded, at this time, we are unable to estimate the total amount of the loss in excess of the accrued amount and/or associated with a shortfall in the recoveries that is reasonably possible.

Townhome Community Construction Defect Claims. In the 2016 fourth quarter, we received claims from a homeowners association alleging there were construction defects, primarily involving roofing and stucco issues, at a completed townhome community in Northern California totaling approximately $25.0 million. We, along with our outside consultants, have continued to investigate these allegations and we currently expect it may take additional quarters to fully evaluate them. At February 29,August 31, 2020, we had an accrual for our estimated probable loss in this matter and a receivable for estimated probable insurance recoveries that reflected the status of our investigation to such date. At this stage of our investigation into these allegations, it is reasonably possible that our loss could exceed the amount accrued by an estimated range of $0 to $8.0$5.0 million. Our investigation will also involve identifying potentially responsible parties, including insurers, to pay for or perform any necessary repairs. We are in discussions with the homeowners association regarding the claims and their resolution.
Performance Bonds and Letters of Credit. We are often required to provide to various municipalities and other government agencies performance bonds and/or letters of credit to secure the completion of our projects and/or in support of obligations to build community improvements such as roads, sewers, water systems and other utilities, and to support similar development activities by certain of our unconsolidated joint ventures. At February 29,August 31, 2020, we had $817.5$818.0 million of performance bonds and $45.8$41.7 million of letters of credit outstanding. At November 30, 2019, we had $793.9 million of performance bonds and $34.7 million of letters of credit outstanding. If any such performance bonds or letters of credit are called, we would be obligated to reimburse the issuer of the performance bond or letter of credit. We do not believe that a material amount of any currently outstanding performance bonds or letters of credit will be called. Performance bonds do not have stated expiration dates. Rather, we are released from the performance bonds as the underlying performance is completed. The expiration dates of some letters of credit issued in connection with community improvements coincide with the expected completion dates of the related projects or obligations. Most letters of credit, however, are issued with an initial term of one year and are typically extended on a year-to-year basis until the related performance obligations are completed.
Land Option Contracts and Other Similar Contracts. In the ordinary course of our business, we enter into land option contracts and other similar contracts to acquire rights to land for the construction of homes. At February 29,August 31, 2020, we had total cash deposits of $75.6$65.0 million to purchase land having an aggregate purchase price of $1.39$1.36 billion. Our land option contracts and other similar contracts generally do not contain provisions requiring our specific performance.
18.Legal Matters
We are involved in litigation and regulatory proceedings incidental to our business that are in various procedural stages. We believe that the accruals we have recorded for probable and reasonably estimable losses with respect to these proceedings are adequate and that, as of February 29,August 31, 2020, it was not reasonably possible that an additional material loss had been incurred in an amount in excess of the estimated amounts already recognized or disclosed in our consolidated financial statements. We evaluate our accruals for litigation and regulatory proceedings at least quarterly and, as appropriate, adjust them to reflect (a) the facts and circumstances known to us at the time, including information regarding negotiations, settlements, rulings and other relevant events and developments; (b) the advice and analyses of counsel; and (c) the assumptions and judgment of management. Similar factors and considerations are used in establishing new accruals for proceedings as to which losses have become probable and reasonably estimable at the time an evaluation is made. Our accruals for litigation and regulatory proceedings are presented on a gross basis without consideration of recoveries and amounts we have paid on behalf of and expect to recover from other parties, if any. Estimates of recoveries and amounts we have paid on behalf of and expect to recover from other parties, if any, are recorded as receivables when such recoveries are considered probable. Based on our experience, we believe that the amounts that may be claimed or alleged against us in these proceedings are not a meaningful indicator of our potential liability. The outcome of any of these proceedings, including the defense and other litigation-related

costs and expenses we may incur, however, is inherently uncertain and could differ significantly from the estimate reflected in a related accrual, if made. Therefore, it is possible that the ultimate outcome of any proceeding, if in excess of a related accrual or if an accrual had not been made, could be material to our consolidated financial statements.

19.Stockholders’ Equity
A summary of changes in stockholders’ equity is presented below (in thousands):
Three Months Ended August 31, 2020 and 2019
Number of Shares              
Common
Stock
 
Grantor
Stock
Ownership
Trust
 
Treasury
Stock
 Common Stock Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss 
Grantor Stock
Ownership Trust
 Treasury Stock Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at May 31, 2020122,370
 (7,317) (24,526) $122,370
 $806,700
 $2,255,742
 $(17,149) $(79,359) $(597,950) $2,490,354
Net income
 
 
 
 
 78,415
 
 
 
 78,415
Dividends on common stock
 
 
 
 
 (8,097) 
 
 
 (8,097)
Employee stock options/other0
 
 17
 0
 (421) 
 
 
 421
 0
Stock-based compensation
 
 
 
 4,636
 
 
 
 
 4,636
Balance at August 31, 2020122,370
 (7,317) (24,509) $122,370
 $810,915
 $2,326,060
 $(17,149) $(79,359) $(597,529) $2,565,308
                   
Balance at May 31, 2019120,350
 (7,860) (24,264) $120,350
 $775,693
 $1,981,795
 $(9,565) $(85,246) $(587,817) $2,195,210
Net income
 
 
 
 
 68,136
 
 
 
 68,136
Dividends on common stock
 
 
 
 
 (7,897) 
 
 
 (7,897)
Employee stock options/other173
 
 
 173
 2,094
 
 
 
 
 2,267
Stock-based compensation
 
 
 
 4,513
 
 
 
 
 4,513
Balance at August 31, 2019120,523
 (7,860) (24,264) $120,523
 $782,300
 $2,042,034
 $(9,565) $(85,246) $(587,817) $2,262,229
                   
Three Months Ended February 29, 2020 and February 28, 2019Nine Months Ended August 31, 2020 and 2019
Number of Shares              Number of Shares              
Common
Stock
 
Grantor
Stock
Ownership
Trust
 
Treasury
Stock
 Common Stock Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss 
Grantor Stock
Ownership Trust
 Treasury Stock Total Stockholders’ Equity
Common
Stock
 
Grantor
Stock
Ownership
Trust
 
Treasury
Stock
 Common Stock Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss 
Grantor Stock
Ownership Trust
 Treasury Stock Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at November 30, 2019121,593
 (7,631) (24,356) $121,593
 $793,954
 $2,157,183
 $(15,506) $(82,758) $(591,344) $2,383,122
121,593
 (7,631) (24,356) $121,593
 $793,954
 $2,157,183
 $(15,506) $(82,758) $(591,344) $2,383,122
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASC 842
 
 
 
 
 1,510
 
 
 
 1,510

 
 
 
 
 1,510
 
 
 
 1,510
Reclassification of stranded tax effects (ASU 2018-02)
 
 
 
 
 1,643
 (1,643) 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 1,643
 (1,643) 
 
 
Net income
 
 
 
 
 59,748
 
 
 
 59,748

 
 
 
 
 190,152
 
 
 
 190,152
Dividends on common stock
 
 
 
 
 (8,233) 
 
 
 (8,233)
 
 
 
 
 (24,428) 
 
 
 (24,428)
Employee stock options/other698
 
 
 698
 7,528
 
 
 
 
 8,226
709
 
 17
 709
 7,274
 
 
 
 421
 8,404
Stock awards
 314
 (15) 
 (3,012) 
 
 3,399
 (387) 
68
 314
 (15) 68
 (3,080) 
 
 3,399
 (387) 0
Stock-based compensation
 
 
 
 4,950
 
 
 
 
 4,950

 
 
 
 12,767
 
 
 
 
 12,767
Tax payments associated with stock-based compensation awards
 
 (155) 
 
 
 
 
 (6,219) (6,219)
 
 (155) 
 
 
 
 
 (6,219) (6,219)
Balance at February 29, 2020122,291
 (7,317) (24,526) $122,291
 $803,420
 $2,211,851
 $(17,149) $(79,359) $(597,950) $2,443,104
Balance at August 31, 2020122,370
 (7,317) (24,509) $122,370
 $810,915
 $2,326,060
 $(17,149) $(79,359) $(597,529) $2,565,308
                                      
Balance at November 30, 2018119,196
 (8,157) (24,113) $119,196
 $753,570
 $1,897,168
 $(9,565) $(88,472) $(584,397) $2,087,500
119,196
 (8,157) (24,113) $119,196
 $753,570
 $1,897,168
 $(9,565) $(88,472) $(584,397) $2,087,500
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASC 606
 
 
 
 
 11,610
 
 
 
 11,610

 
 
 
 
 11,610
 
 
 
 11,610
Net income
 
 
 
 
 30,011
 
 
 
 30,011

 
 
 
 
 145,608
 
 
 
 145,608
Dividends on common stock
 
 
 
 
 (2,266) 
 
 
 (2,266)
 
 
 
 
 (12,352) 
 
 
 (12,352)
Employee stock options/other62
 
 
 62
 770
 
 
 
 
 832
1,271
 
 
 1,271
 17,458
 
 
 
 
 18,729
Stock awards
 297
 (4) 
 (3,151) 
 
 3,226
 (75) 
56
 297
 (4) 56
 (3,207) 
 
 3,226
 (75) 0
Stock-based compensation
 
 
 
 4,152
 
 
 
 
 4,152

 
 
 
 14,479
 
 
 
 
 14,479
Tax payments associated with stock-based compensation awards
 
 (147) 
 
 
 
 
 (3,342) (3,342)
 
 (147) 
 
 
 
 
 (3,345) (3,345)
Balance at February 28, 2019119,258
 (7,860) (24,264) $119,258
 $755,341
 $1,936,523
 $(9,565) $(85,246) $(587,814) $2,128,497
Balance at August 31, 2019120,523
 (7,860) (24,264) $120,523
 $782,300
 $2,042,034
 $(9,565) $(85,246) $(587,817) $2,262,229
                   


On February 20, 2020, the management development and compensation committee of our board of directors approved the payout of 313,246 shares of our common stock in connection with the vesting of PSUs that were granted to certain employees on October 6, 2016. The shares paid out under the PSUs reflected our achievement of certain performance measures that were based on cumulative earnings per share, average return on invested capital, and revenue growth relative to a peer group of high-production public homebuilding companies over the three-year period from December 1, 2016 through November 30, 2019. Of the shares of common stock paid out, 155,307 shares or $6.2 million, were purchased by us in the 2020 first quarter to satisfy the recipients’ withholding taxes on the vesting of the PSUs. The shares purchased were not considered repurchases under the authorizations described below.
As of February 29,August 31, 2020, we were authorized to repurchase 2,193,947 shares of our common stock under a board of directors approved share repurchase program. We did not repurchase any of our common stock under this program in the threenine months ended February 29,August 31, 2020.
Unrelated to the share repurchase program, our board of directors authorized in 2014 the repurchase of not more than 680,000 shares of our outstanding common stock, and also authorized potential future grants of up to 680,000 stock payment awards under the KB Home 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (“2014 Plan”), in each case solely as necessary for director elections in respect of outstanding stock appreciation rights awards granted under our Non-Employee Directors Compensation Plan. The 2014 Plan was amended in April 2016. As of February 29,August 31, 2020, we have not repurchased any shares and no stock payment awards have been granted under the 2014 Plan, as amended, pursuant to the respective board of directors’ authorizations.
During each of the three-month periodperiods ended February 29,August 31, 2020 our board of directors declared, and we paid, a quarterly cash dividend of $.090 per share of common stock. During the three-month period ended February 28, 2019, our board of directors declared, and we paid, a quarterly cash dividenddividends on our common stock of $.025$.09 per share. Quarterly cash dividends declared and paid during the nine-month periods ended August 31, 2020 and 2019 totaled $.27 per share and $.14 per share of common stock.stock, respectively. Subsequent to the end of the 2020 third quarter, on October 8, 2020, our board of directors approved an increase in the quarterly cash dividend on our common stock to $.15 per share from $.09 per share, and declared the next quarterly dividend, at the new rate, payable on November 26, 2020 to stockholders of record on November 12, 2020.

20.Stock-Based Compensation
Stock Options. We estimate the grant-date fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The following table summarizes stock option transactions for the threenine months ended February 29,August 31, 2020:
Options 
Weighted
Average Exercise
Price
Options 
Weighted
Average Exercise
Price
Options outstanding at beginning of period4,163,481
 $13.00
4,163,481
 $13.00
Granted
 
0
 0
Exercised(698,372) 11.78
(708,372) 11.77
Cancelled(6,000) 45.16
(6,000) 45.16
Options outstanding at end of period3,459,109
 $13.20
3,449,109
 $13.20
Options exercisable at end of period3,459,109
 $13.20
3,449,109
 $13.20

We have not granted any new stock option awards since 2016. As of February 29,August 31, 2020, stock options outstanding and stock options exercisable each had a weighted average remaining contractual life of 4.43.9 years. At February 29,August 31, 2020, there was 0 unrecognized compensation expense related to stock option awards as all of these awards were fully vested. For the three-month periodand nine-month periods ended February 29,August 31, 2020, there was 0 stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options. For the three monthsthree-month and nine-month periods ended February 28,August 31, 2019, stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options was nominal. Stock options outstanding and stock options exercisable each had an aggregate intrinsic value of $67.1$77.8 million at February 29,August 31, 2020. (The intrinsic value of a stock option is the amount by which the market value of a share of the underlying common stock exceeds the exercise price of the stock option.)
Other Stock-Based Awards. From time to time, we grant restricted stock and PSUs to various employees as a compensation benefit. We recognized total compensation expense of $5.04.6 million and $4.1$4.5 million for the three months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 and February 28, 2019, respectively, related to restricted stock and PSUs. For the nine months ended August 31, 2020 and 2019, we recognized total compensation expense of $12.7 million and $14.4 million, respectively, related to restricted stock and PSUs.

21.Supplemental Disclosure to Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
The following are supplemental disclosures to the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended August 31,
February 29, 2020 February 28, 20192020 2019
Summary of cash and cash equivalents at end of period:      
Homebuilding$429,706
 $511,690
$722,033
 $183,794
Financial services1,221
 717
1,093
 1,043
Total$430,927
 $512,407
$723,126
 $184,837
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:      
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized$(3,928) $(15,318)$(3,544) $(13,311)
Income taxes paid139
 113
8,436
 3,962
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash activities:      
Reclassification of federal tax refund from deferred tax assets to receivables$43,322
 $
$82,617
 $0
Increase in operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities due to adoption of ASC 84231,199
 
31,199
 
Inventories acquired through seller financing18,045
 8,967
Increase (decrease) in consolidated inventories not owned8,781
 (16,262)4,992
 (20,048)
Increase in inventories due to distributions of land and land development from an unconsolidated joint venture2,964
 1,946
6,996
 6,288
Decrease in inventories due to adoption of ASC 606
 (35,288)
 (35,288)
Increase in property and equipment, net due to adoption of ASC 606
 31,194

 31,194


22.Supplemental Guarantor Information
Our obligations to pay principal, premium, if any, and interest on the senior notes and borrowings, if any, under the Credit Facility are guaranteed on a joint and several basis by certain of our subsidiaries (“Guarantor Subsidiaries”). The guarantees are full and unconditional, and the Guarantor Subsidiaries are 100% owned by us. Pursuant to the terms of the indenture governing the senior notes and the terms of the Credit Facility, if any of the Guarantor Subsidiaries ceases to be a “significant subsidiary” as defined by Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X using a 5% rather than a 10% threshold (provided that the assets of our non-guarantor subsidiaries do not in the aggregate exceed 10% of an adjusted measure of our consolidated total assets), it will be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged from its guaranty of the senior notes and the Credit Facility so long as all guarantees by such Guarantor Subsidiary of any other of our or our subsidiaries’ indebtedness are terminated at or prior to the time of such release. We have determined that separate, full financial statements of the Guarantor Subsidiaries would not be material to investors and, accordingly, supplemental financial information for the Guarantor Subsidiaries is presented.
The supplemental financial information for all periods presented below reflects the relevant subsidiaries that were Guarantor Subsidiaries as of February 29,August 31, 2020.

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations (in thousands)
Three Months Ended February 29, 2020Three Months Ended August 31, 2020
KB Home
Corporate
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Total
KB Home
Corporate
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Total
Total revenues$
 $992,545
 $83,390
 $
 $1,075,935
$0
 $908,657
 $90,356
 $0
 $999,013
Homebuilding:                  
Revenues$
 $992,545
 $79,837
 $
 $1,072,382
$0
 $908,657
 $86,491
 $0
 $995,148
Construction and land costs
 (815,558) (70,495) 
 (886,053)0
 (725,215) (73,280) 0
 (798,495)
Selling, general and administrative expenses(27,650) (93,012) (5,472) 
 (126,134)(22,699) (80,978) (4,033) 0
 (107,710)
Operating income (loss)(27,650) 83,975
 3,870
 
 60,195
(22,699) 102,464
 9,178
 0
 88,943
Interest income884
 
 51
 
 935
784
 0
 2
 0
 786
Interest expense(29,555) 
 (1,407) 30,962
 
(29,552) (15) (1,487) 31,054
 0
Intercompany interest80,580
 (45,836) (3,782) (30,962) 
78,222
 (43,112) (4,056) (31,054) 0
Equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures
 1,905
 
 
 1,905
0
 1,922
 0
 0
 1,922
Homebuilding pretax income (loss)24,259
 40,044
 (1,268) 
 63,035
Homebuilding pretax income26,755
 61,259
 3,637
 0
 91,651
Financial services pretax income
 
 5,813
 
 5,813
0
 0
 9,664
 0
 9,664
Total pretax income24,259
 40,044
 4,545
 
 68,848
26,755
 61,259
 13,301
 0
 101,315
Income tax expense(3,100) (5,100) (900) 
 (9,100)(6,700) (13,300) (2,900) 0
 (22,900)
Equity in net income of subsidiaries38,589
 
 
 (38,589) 
58,360
 0
 0
 (58,360) 0
Net income$59,748
 $34,944
 $3,645
 $(38,589) $59,748
$78,415
 $47,959
 $10,401
 $(58,360) $78,415
                  

 Three Months Ended August 31, 2019
 
KB Home
Corporate
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Total
Total revenues$0
 $1,061,698
 $99,088
 $0
 $1,160,786
Homebuilding:         
Revenues$0
 $1,061,698
 $95,157
 $0
 $1,156,855
Construction and land costs0
 (859,733) (84,021) 0
 (943,754)
Selling, general and administrative expenses(23,619) (95,376) (8,631) 0
 (127,626)
Operating income (loss)(23,619) 106,589
 2,505
 0
 85,475
Interest income140
 20
 41
 0
 201
Interest expense(34,488) (175) (1,361) 36,024
 0
Intercompany interest84,880
 (45,826) (3,030) (36,024) 0
Equity in loss of unconsolidated joint ventures0
 (384) 0
 0
 (384)
Homebuilding pretax income (loss)26,913
 60,224
 (1,845) 0
 85,292
Financial services pretax income0
 0
 6,644
 0
 6,644
Total pretax income26,913
 60,224
 4,799
 0
 91,936
Income tax expense(6,900) (14,900) (2,000) 0
 (23,800)
Equity in net income of subsidiaries48,123
 0
 0
 (48,123) 0
Net income$68,136
 $45,324
 $2,799
 $(48,123) $68,136
          


 Three Months Ended February 28, 2019
 
KB Home
Corporate
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Total
Total revenues$
 $744,453
 $67,030
 $
 $811,483
Homebuilding:         
Revenues$
 $744,453
 $64,335
 $
 $808,788
Construction and land costs
 (611,041) (59,814) 
 (670,855)
Selling, general and administrative expenses(25,382) (75,540) (5,672) 
 (106,594)
Operating income (loss)(25,382) 57,872
 (1,151) 
 31,339
Interest income1,014
 
 91
 
 1,105
Interest expense(33,195) (321) (1,272) 34,788
 
Intercompany interest77,972
 (41,738) (1,446) (34,788) 
Equity in loss of unconsolidated joint ventures
 (406) 
 
 (406)
Homebuilding pretax income (loss)20,409
 15,407
 (3,778) 
 32,038
Financial services pretax income
 
 2,473
 
 2,473
Total pretax income (loss)20,409
 15,407
 (1,305) 
 34,511
Income tax expense(700) (3,400) (400) 
 (4,500)
Equity in net income of subsidiaries10,302
 
 
 (10,302) 
Net income (loss)$30,011
 $12,007
 $(1,705) $(10,302) $30,011
          

 Nine Months Ended August 31, 2020
 
KB Home
Corporate
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Total
Total revenues$0
 $2,735,339
 $253,579
 $0
 $2,988,918
Homebuilding:         
Revenues$0
 $2,735,339
 $242,471
 $0
 $2,977,810
Construction and land costs0
 (2,218,683) (210,318) 0
 (2,429,001)
Selling, general and administrative expenses(75,129) (257,460) (15,493) 0
 (348,082)
Operating income (loss)(75,129) 259,196
 16,660
 0
 200,727
Interest income2,075
 12
 76
 0
 2,163
Interest expense(88,648) (73) (4,350) 93,071
 0
Intercompany interest238,780
 (133,637) (12,072) (93,071) 0
Equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures0
 11,981
 0
 0
 11,981
Homebuilding pretax income77,078
 137,479
 314
 0
 214,871
Financial services pretax income0
 0
 23,081
 0
 23,081
Total pretax income77,078
 137,479
 23,395
 0
 237,952
Income tax expense(16,500) (26,200) (5,100) 0
 (47,800)
Equity in net income of subsidiaries129,574
 0
 0
 (129,574) 0
Net income$190,152
 $111,279
 $18,295
 $(129,574) $190,152
          
 Nine Months Ended August 31, 2019
 
KB Home
Corporate
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Total
Total revenues$0
 $2,739,096
 $254,976
 $0
 $2,994,072
Homebuilding:         
Revenues$0
 $2,739,096
 $245,218
 $0
 $2,984,314
Construction and land costs0
 (2,226,829) (231,524) 0
 (2,458,353)
Selling, general and administrative expenses(76,507) (268,506) (12,035) 0
 (357,048)
Operating income (loss)(76,507) 243,761
 1,659
 0
 168,913
Interest income1,549
 20
 176
 0
 1,745
Interest expense(102,763) (630) (3,963) 107,356
 0
Intercompany interest245,090
 (130,142) (7,592) (107,356) 0
Equity in loss of unconsolidated joint ventures0
 (1,159) 0
 0
 (1,159)
Homebuilding pretax income (loss)67,369
 111,850
 (9,720) 0
 169,499
Financial services pretax income0
 0
 13,709
 0
 13,709
Total pretax income67,369
 111,850
 3,989
 0
 183,208
Income tax expense(10,400) (21,300) (5,900) 0
 (37,600)
Equity in net income of subsidiaries88,639
 0
 0
 (88,639) 0
Net income (loss)$145,608
 $90,550
 $(1,911) $(88,639) $145,608
          


Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets (in thousands)
February 29, 2020August 31, 2020
KB Home
Corporate
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Total
KB Home
Corporate
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Total
Assets                  
Homebuilding:                  
Cash and cash equivalents$309,983
 $92,853
 $26,870
 $
 $429,706
$649,859
 $43,395
 $28,779
 $0
 $722,033
Receivables44,583
 184,288
 68,344
 
 297,215
39,475
 166,454
 63,722
 0
 269,651
Inventories
 3,391,612
 337,004
 
 3,728,616
0
 3,340,657
 330,472
 0
 3,671,129
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures
 57,147
 
 
 57,147
0
 48,821
 0
 0
 48,821
Property and equipment, net25,185
 36,047
 3,221
 
 64,453
29,066
 32,337
 3,216
 0
 64,619
Deferred tax assets, net93,510
 203,661
 14,995
 
 312,166
83,027
 159,543
 (1,399) 0
 241,171
Other assets102,826
 19,198
 7,695
 
 129,719
95,964
 22,625
 6,653
 0
 125,242
576,087
 3,984,806
 458,129
 
 5,019,022
897,391
 3,813,832
 431,443
 0
 5,142,666
Financial services
 
 33,812
 
 33,812
0
 0
 34,761
 0
 34,761
Intercompany receivables3,630,262
 
 196,703
 (3,826,965) 
3,486,621
 0
 213,647
 (3,700,268) 0
Investments in subsidiaries162,105
 
 
 (162,105) 
129,869
 0
 0
 (129,869) 0
Total assets$4,368,454
 $3,984,806
 $688,644
 $(3,989,070) $5,052,834
$4,513,881
 $3,813,832
 $679,851
 $(3,830,137) $5,177,427
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity                  
Homebuilding:                  
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities$137,855
 $429,680
 $291,004
 $
 $858,539
$143,912
 $434,064
 $284,374
 $0
 $862,350
Notes payable1,716,149
 7,889
 25,110
 
 1,749,148
1,716,974
 5,620
 25,110
 0
 1,747,704
1,854,004
 437,569
 316,114
 
 2,607,687
1,860,886
 439,684
 309,484
 0
 2,610,054
Financial services
 
 2,043
 
 2,043
0
 0
 2,065
 0
 2,065
Intercompany payables71,346
 3,507,195
 248,424
 (3,826,965) 
87,687
 3,312,907
 299,674
 (3,700,268) 0
Stockholders’ equity2,443,104
 40,042
 122,063
 (162,105) 2,443,104
2,565,308
 61,241
 68,628
 (129,869) 2,565,308
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$4,368,454
 $3,984,806
 $688,644
 $(3,989,070) $5,052,834
$4,513,881
 $3,813,832
 $679,851
 $(3,830,137) $5,177,427



November 30, 2019November 30, 2019
KB Home
Corporate
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Total
KB Home
Corporate
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Total
Assets                  
Homebuilding:                  
Cash and cash equivalents$357,966
 $65,434
 $30,414
 $
 $453,814
$357,966
 $65,434
 $30,414
 $0
 $453,814
Receivables1,934
 181,047
 66,074
 
 249,055
1,934
 181,047
 66,074
 0
 249,055
Inventories
 3,400,307
 304,295
 
 3,704,602
0
 3,400,307
 304,295
 0
 3,704,602
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures
 57,038
 
 
 57,038
0
 57,038
 0
 0
 57,038
Property and equipment, net24,250
 37,539
 3,254
 
 65,043
24,250
 37,539
 3,254
 0
 65,043
Deferred tax assets, net96,301
 237,877
 30,315
 
 364,493
96,301
 237,877
 30,315
 0
 364,493
Other assets78,686
 2,666
 1,689
 
 83,041
78,686
 2,666
 1,689
 0
 83,041
559,137
 3,981,908
 436,041
 
 4,977,086
559,137
 3,981,908
 436,041
 0
 4,977,086
Financial services
 
 38,396
 
 38,396
0
 0
 38,396
 0
 38,396
Intercompany receivables3,624,081
 
 186,022
 (3,810,103) 
3,624,081
 0
 186,022
 (3,810,103) 0
Investments in subsidiaries115,753
 
 
 (115,753) 
115,753
 0
 0
 (115,753) 0
Total assets$4,298,971
 $3,981,908
 $660,459
 $(3,925,856) $5,015,482
$4,298,971
 $3,981,908
 $660,459
 $(3,925,856) $5,015,482
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity                  
Homebuilding:                  
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities$139,137
 $453,929
 $288,489
 $
 $881,555
$139,137
 $453,929
 $288,489
 $0
 $881,555
Notes payable1,715,748
 7,889
 25,110
 
 1,748,747
1,715,748
 7,889
 25,110
 0
 1,748,747
1,854,885
 461,818
 313,599
 
 2,630,302
1,854,885
 461,818
 313,599
 0
 2,630,302
Financial services
 
 2,058
 
 2,058
0
 0
 2,058
 0
 2,058
Intercompany payables60,964
 3,520,090
 229,049
 (3,810,103) 
60,964
 3,520,090
 229,049
 (3,810,103) 0
Stockholders’ equity2,383,122
 
 115,753
 (115,753) 2,383,122
2,383,122
 0
 115,753
 (115,753) 2,383,122
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$4,298,971
 $3,981,908
 $660,459
 $(3,925,856) $5,015,482
$4,298,971
 $3,981,908
 $660,459
 $(3,925,856) $5,015,482




Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands)
Three Months Ended February 29, 2020Nine Months Ended August 31, 2020
KB Home
Corporate
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Total
KB Home
Corporate
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Total
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(21,949) $31,705
 $(19,622) $
 $(9,866)
Net cash provided by operating activities$62,684
 $253,483
 $13,044
 $0
 $329,211
Cash flows from investing activities:                  
Contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures
 (1,668) 
 
 (1,668)0
 (6,048) 0
 0
 (6,048)
Return of investments in unconsolidated joint ventures
 500
 
 
 500
0
 8,816
 0
 0
 8,816
Purchases of property and equipment, net(1,048) (4,432) (1,191) 
 (6,671)(5,148) (12,344) (3,662) 0
 (21,154)
Intercompany(18,760) 
 
 18,760
 
256,600
 0
 0
 (256,600) 0
Net cash used in investing activities(19,808) (5,600) (1,191) 18,760
 (7,839)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities251,452
 (9,576) (3,662) (256,600) (18,386)
Cash flows from financing activities:                  
Payments on mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans0
 (20,314) 0
 0
 (20,314)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans8,226
 
 
 
 8,226
8,404
 0
 0
 0
 8,404
Tax payments associated with stock-based compensation awards(6,219) 
 
 
 (6,219)(6,219) 0
 0
 0
 (6,219)
Payments of cash dividends(8,233) 
 
 
 (8,233)(24,428) 0
 0
 0
 (24,428)
Intercompany
 1,314
 17,446
 (18,760) 
0
 (245,632) (10,968) 256,600
 0
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(6,226) 1,314
 17,446
 (18,760) (6,226)
Net cash used in financing activities(22,243) (265,946) (10,968) 256,600
 (42,557)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(47,983) 27,419
 (3,367) 
 (23,931)291,893
 (22,039) (1,586) 0
 268,268
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period357,966
 65,434
 31,458
 
 454,858
357,966
 65,434
 31,458
 0
 454,858
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$309,983
 $92,853
 $28,091
 $
 $430,927
$649,859
 $43,395
 $29,872
 $0
 $723,126


Three Months Ended February 28, 2019Nine Months Ended August 31, 2019
KB Home
Corporate
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Total
KB Home
Corporate
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 Total
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$13,062
 $(337,286) $126,014
 $
 $(198,210)$92,935
 $(335,428) $90,349
 $0
 $(152,144)
Cash flows from investing activities:                  
Contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures
 (2,527) 
 
 (2,527)0
 (7,656) 0
 0
 (7,656)
Return of investments in unconsolidated joint ventures
 5,001
 
 
 5,001
0
 5,001
 0
 0
 5,001
Proceeds from sale of building
 5,804
 
 
 5,804
0
 5,804
 0
 0
 5,804
Purchases of property and equipment, net(2,068) (2,032) (5,925) 
 (10,025)(4,728) (18,252) (9,231) 0
 (32,211)
Intercompany(190,765) 
 
 190,765
 
(274,010) 0
 0
 274,010
 0
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities(192,833) 6,246
 (5,925) 190,765
 (1,747)
Net cash used in investing activities(278,738) (15,103) (9,231) 274,010
 (29,062)
Cash flows from financing activities:                  
Proceeds from issuance of debt405,250
 
 
 
 405,250
405,250
 0
 0
 0
 405,250
Payment of debt issuance costs(5,209) 
 
 
 (5,209)(5,209) 0
 0
 0
 (5,209)
Repayment of senior notes(230,000) 
 
 
 (230,000)(630,000) 0
 0
 0
 (630,000)
Borrowings under revolving credit facility140,000
 
 
 
 140,000
460,000
 0
 0
 0
 460,000
Repayments under revolving credit facility(140,000) 
 
 
 (140,000)(410,000) 0
 0
 0
 (410,000)
Payments on mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans
 (28,020) 
 
 (28,020)0
 (32,149) 0
 0
 (32,149)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans832
 
 
 
 832
18,729
 0
 0
 0
 18,729
Tax payments associated with stock-based compensation awards(3,342) 
 
 
 (3,342)(3,345) 0
 0
 0
 (3,345)
Payments of cash dividends(2,266) 
 
 
 (2,266)(12,352) 0
 0
 0
 (12,352)
Intercompany
 325,137
 (134,372) (190,765) 
0
 372,454
 (98,444) (274,010) 0
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities165,265
 297,117
 (134,372) (190,765) 137,245
(176,927) 340,305
 (98,444) (274,010) (209,076)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents(14,506) (33,923) (14,283) 
 (62,712)(362,730) (10,226) (17,326) 0
 (390,282)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period429,977
 114,269
 30,873
 
 575,119
429,977
 114,269
 30,873
 0
 575,119
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$415,471
 $80,346
 $16,590
 $
 $512,407
$67,247
 $104,043
 $13,547
 $0
 $184,837

23.Subsequent Event
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization characterized the outbreak of the coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 as a global pandemic and recommended containment and mitigation measures. On March 13, 2020, the United States declared a national emergency concerning the outbreak, and several states and municipalities have declared public health emergencies. Along with these declarations, there have been extraordinary and wide-ranging actions taken by international, federal, state and local public health and governmental authorities to contain and combat the outbreak and spread of COVID-19 in regions across the United States and the world, including quarantines, and “stay-at-home” orders and similar mandates for many individuals to substantially restrict daily activities and for many businesses to curtail or cease normal operations.
In response to these steps, in mid-March, we temporarily closed our sales centers, model homes and design studios to the general public. During this time, we have shifted to an appointment-only personalized home sales process where permitted, following recommended distancing and other health and safety protocols when meeting in person with a customer, and we

are leveraging our virtual sales tools to give customers the ability to shop for a new KB home from their mobile device or personal computer. Combined with our limiting construction operations largely to authorized activities and a reduction in the availability, capacity and efficiency of municipal and private services necessary to the progress of land development, homebuilding, completing mortgage loans and delivering homes, which in each case has varied by market depending on the scope of the restrictions local authorities have established, these appropriate measures have tempered our sales pace and delayed home deliveries in the latter part of March and through the date of this report. Although we are uncertain of the potential full magnitude or duration of the business and economic impacts from the unprecedented public health effort to contain and combat the spread of COVID-19, which include, among other things, significant volatility in financial markets and a sharp decrease in the value of equity securities, including our common stock, we expect this situation will have a negative impact on our consolidated financial statements in the second quarter and in later periods of 2020 that may be material, but cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.
Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Results of Operations
OVERVIEW
Revenues are generated from our homebuilding and financial services operations. The following table presents a summary of our consolidated results of operations (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):
Three Months EndedThree Months Ended August 31, Nine Months Ended August 31,
February 29, 2020 February 28, 2019 Variance2020 2019 Variance 2020 2019 Variance
Revenues:                
Homebuilding$1,072,382
 $808,788
 33 %$995,148
 $1,156,855
 (14) % $2,977,810
 $2,984,314
  %
Financial services3,553
 2,695
 32
3,865
 3,931
 (2) 11,108
 9,758
 14
Total revenues$1,075,935
 $811,483
 33 %$999,013
 $1,160,786
 (14) % $2,988,918
 $2,994,072
  %
Pretax income:                
Homebuilding$63,035
 $32,038
 97 %$91,651
 $85,292
 7 % $214,871
 $169,499
 27 %
Financial services5,813
 2,473
 135
9,664
 6,644
 45
 23,081
 13,709
 68
Total pretax income68,848
 34,511
 99
101,315
 91,936
 10
 237,952
 183,208
 30
Income tax expense(9,100) (4,500) (102)(22,900) (23,800) 4
 (47,800) (37,600) (27)
Net income$59,748
 $30,011
 99 %$78,415
 $68,136
 15 % $190,152
 $145,608
 31 %
Basic earnings per share$.66
 $.34
 94 %$.86
 $.77
 12 % $2.09
 $1.65
 27 %
Diluted earnings per share$.63
 $.31
 103 %$.83
 $.73
 14 % $2.02
 $1.55
 30 %

HousingDuring the first nine months of 2020, we, like many companies worldwide, experienced significant variability in market conditions were generally healthy throughstarting in mid-March that produced stark differences in our results between the three months ended February 29, 2020,first, second and we continued to execute on our long-standing, customer-centric operating strategy. Among other things, this strategy focuses on giving our customers the ability to personalize their homes at prices that are affordable relative to local median household income levels in order to appeal to a wide array of consumers, primarily first-time homebuyers, as well as to move-up and active adult homebuyers. In thethird quarters. Our 2020 first quarter approximately 57%was particularly strong, as we generated the highest revenues, net orders, ending backlog and ending backlog value for any first quarter since 2007 and increased our net income 99% year over year.
In mid-March 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, and related COVID-19 control responses in our served markets, including quarantines, “stay-at-home” orders and similar mandates for many individuals to substantially restrict daily activities and for many businesses to curtail or cease normal operations, severely impacted the global and national economies, the housing market and our business during our second quarter. The combination of an unprecedented steep drop in employment and economic activity in March that caused the United States to enter into a recession, which continues up to the date of this report; significant stock market and secondary mortgage market volatility; ongoing uncertainty about the virulence of COVID-19 and the availability of generally effective therapeutics or a vaccine; and weakened consumer confidence drastically decreased demand for new homes (including homes ordered in the first quarter) for most of our 2020 second quarter. Operationally, we temporarily closed our sales centers, model homes deliveredand design studios to the public and shifted to virtual sales tools and appointment-only personalized home sales processes, where permitted. These steps along with the negative prevailing business conditions due to the pandemic and restrictive COVID-19 control responses moderated our order pace significantly. In addition, home purchase cancellations increased considerably, largely reflecting our proactive efforts to assure a backlog of qualified homebuyers amid the pandemic-induced economic downturn. These two factors contributed to a sizable reduction in our 2020 second quarter net orders, and we entered the third quarter with the number of homes in beginning backlog down 14% year over year. Further, our construction activities were restricted in many jurisdictions, and completely shut down in some of them, and together with the reduced availability or capacity of some municipal and private services necessary to first-time homebuyers, comparedbuild and deliver homes, we experienced home delivery delays during most of the second quarter, which tempered our revenues for the period.
Since the easing of public health restrictions in our served markets beginning in May 2020, all of our communities have been open to approximately 52%walk-in traffic, following appropriate safety protocols and applicable public health guidelines. We have also continued to engage with customers using our robust virtual selling capability, including enhanced online tools such as virtual home tours, interactive floor plans, live chats with sales counselors and online consultations with our design studios. Reflecting the shift in operating conditions, our net orders began to rebound significantly in May 2020 following a low point in April 2020, and the upward trajectory continued into the 2020 third quarter and accelerated as the quarter progressed. This positive momentum resulted in our net orders

for the 2020 third quarter increasing to their highest level of any quarter since 2007. Although housing market conditions in the year-earlier2020 third quarter improved significantly from the prior quarter, our deliveries and revenues for the period were tempered primarily by the negative impact that COVID-19 and the related COVID-19 control responses had on our 2020 second quarter.
While we limited our land investments during the second quarter and most of the third quarter to preserve cash and liquidity due to the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, given the sustained strong housing demand in the 2020 third quarter, we have resumed land acquisition and development activities to bolster our lot pipeline and support community growth in the future.
Although the trajectory and strength of the current recovery remains uncertain, and we are seeing some building material cost pressures, particularly with respect to lumber, that could negatively impact our margins in the 2020 fourth quarter and future periods, and the recovery could be slowed or reversed by a number of factors, including a possible widespread resurgence in COVID-19 infections combined with the seasonal flu and others discussed below under Part II, Item 1A – Risk Factors, we believe we are well-positioned to operate effectively through the present environment.
Financial and Operational Highlights.
WithinReflecting the above-described impact from the COVID-19 pandemic and related COVID-19 control responses during our homebuilding operations,2020 second quarter, housing revenues for the 2020 firstthird quarter grewdecreased 15% from the year-earlier quarter reflectingdue to a 28% increase16% decline in the number of homes delivered to 2,752 and2,545, partly offset by a 5% riseslight increase in the overall average selling price of those homes to $389,500.$384,700. Homebuilding operating income for the current quarterthree months ended August 31, 2020 increased 92%4% year over year to $60.2 million, and,$88.9 million. At the same time, homebuilding operating income as a percentage of related revenues improved 170150 basis points to 5.6%8.9%. Excluding inventory-related charges of $6.9 million in the current quarter and $5.3 million in the year-earlier quarter, this metric improved 180 basis points to 9.6%. Our housing gross profits for the quarter increaseddecreased compared to the year-earlier period, mainly due to higherlower housing revenues, andpartly offset by a 30-basis140-basis point increaseimprovement in our housing gross profit margin to 17.4%19.9%.
The year-over-year increase in our housing gross profit margin in the 2020 third quarter primarily reflected improved operating leverage due to higher housing revenues, anda mix shift of homes delivered, lower relative amortization of previously capitalized interest, partially offset by a shiftworkforce realignment and reductions in the mix2020 second quarter in response to the significant negative impact from the pandemic on our business, and a favorable pricing environment that enabled us to increase selling prices in many of homes

delivered.our communities during the period. Our selling, general and administrative expense ratio improved 16010 basis points to 11.8%11.0% of housing revenues, mainly as a result of increasedprimarily due to our targeted actions, including workforce reductions in the 2020 second quarter, to reduce overhead costs, partly offset by reduced operating leverage due to higherfrom lower housing revenues in the quarter.revenues.
The following table presents information concerning our net orders, cancellation rates, ending backlog and community count for the three-month and nine-month periods ended February 29,August 31, 2020 and February 28, 2019 (dollars in thousands):
 Three Months Ended Three Months Ended August 31, Nine Months Ended August 31,
 February 29, 2020 February 28, 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019
Net orders 3,495
 2,675
 4,214
 3,325
 9,467
 10,064
Net order value (a) $1,382,654
 $1,022,087
 $1,643,760
 $1,276,242
 $3,714,858
 $3,831,017
Cancellation rates (b) 14% 20% 17% 20% 23% 18%
Ending backlog — homes 5,821
 4,631
 6,749
 6,230
 6,749
 6,230
Ending backlog — value $2,124,551
 $1,658,284
 $2,567,664
 $2,296,797
 $2,567,664
 $2,296,797
Ending community count 250
 248
 232
 254
 232
 254
Average community count 251
 244
 238
 255
 244
 249
(a)Net order value represents the potential future housing revenues associated with net orders generated during the period, as well as homebuyer selections of lot and product premiums and design studio options and upgrades for homes in backlog during the same period.
(b)Cancellation rates represent the total number of contracts for new homes cancelled during a period divided by the total (gross) orders for new homes generated during the same period.
Net Orders. ForWith housing market conditions strengthening in the three months ended February 29, 2020 third quarter as discussed above, net orders from our homebuilding operations increased 31%27% from the year-earlier period due to a 3% expansion of our overall average community count andtheir highest third-quarter level since 2005, reflecting an increase in monthly net orders per community to 4.65.9 from 3.7. 4.3 in the year-earlier period, partly offset by a decrease in our average community count. Our net order comparisons improved significantly as the quarter progressed, with monthly net orders up 11% in June, 23% in July and 50% in August, each on a year-over-year basis. This higher net order pace was fueled by the combination

of historically low mortgage interest rates, a limited supply of resale inventory, an underproduction of new homes over the past decade, favorable demographic trends, and consumers’ desire to own a single-family home. We believe our Built-to-Order Model, which provides personalization and choice, also was a key factor that contributed to our strong 2020 third quarter net orders.
The value of our 2020 first quarter net orders for the three months ended August 31, 2020 rose 35%29% from the year-earlier quarterperiod as a result of the growth in net orders and ana 2% increase in the overall average selling price of those orders. The year-over-year increase in net orders and overall net order value reflected improvements in all four of our homebuilding reporting segments, with net order value increases ranging from 5%2% in our Southeast segment to 51%34% in our SouthwestWest Coast segment. In our SouthwestWest Coast segment, net order value rose due to a 44%39% increase in net orders, primarily due toreflecting the segment’s higher monthly net orders per community, andpartly offset by a 5% increase4% decrease in the average selling price of those orders. In our Southeast segment, the year-over-year improvement in net order value reflected 3%5% growth in net orders as a result of the segment’s higher monthly net orders per community, andpartly offset by a slight increase3% decrease in the average selling price of those orders. Our cancellation rate as a percentage of gross orders for the three months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 improved from the year-earlier quarter.
While our year-over-year net order comparison improved in the 2020 third quarter, the year-over-year decrease in our 2020 second quarter net orders is expected to reduce our deliveries and revenues for the 2020 fourth quarter and full year compared to the corresponding year-earlier periods.
Backlog. The number of homes in our backlog at February 29,August 31, 2020 increased 26%8% from February 28, 2019.August 31, 2019, mainly due to the substantial increase in our net orders during the 2020 third quarter, as our beginning backlog was down 14% year over year. The potential future housing revenues in our backlog at February 29,August 31, 2020 grew 28%rose 12% from the prior-year period, reflecting both the higher number of homes in our backlog and a slight3% increase in the overall average selling price of those homes. The increases in the number of homes in backlog and our backlog value reflected growth in each of our four homebuilding reporting segments.
Community Count. We use the term “community count” to refer to the number of communities with at least five homes/lots left to sell at the end of a reporting period. Our average community count for the 2020 firstthird quarter grew 3%declined 7% from the year-earlier period, reflecting increasesdecreases of 21%19% in our Southwest homebuilding reporting segment, 4% in our Central segment and 16% in our Southeast segment, partly offset by an increase of 4% in our West Coast homebuilding reporting segment and 3% in our Southwest segment that were partly offset by decreases of 5% and 4% in our Central and Southeast segments, respectively.segment. Our ending community count rose slightlywas down 9% from the prior-year quarter. The year-over-year increasesdecreases in our overall average and ending community counts primarily reflected the close-out of communities earlier than planned due to our accelerated net order pace, a decline in the number of active communities that were previously classified as land held for future development, our moderated investments in land development in the 2020 second and land development we have made over the past several quarters.
COVID-19 Impact. While we produced strong resultsthird quarters, and delays in our 2020 first quarter, and mortgage interest rates fell, the significant and wide-ranging response of international, federal, state and local public health and governmental authoritiescommunity openings due in part to the COVID-19 pandemic in regions across the United States and the world, including quarantines, and “stay-at-home” orders and similar mandates for many individuals to substantially restrict daily activities and for many businesses to curtail or cease normal operations, and the volatile economic, business and financial market conditions resulting therefrom, are expected to negatively impact our consolidated financial statements in the second quarter and in later periods of 2020. Although we are uncertain of the potential full magnitude or duration of the business and economic impacts from the unprecedented public health efforts to contain and combat the spread of COVID-19, we could experience material declines in our net orders, homes delivered, average selling prices, revenues, cash flow and/or profitability in one or more periods in 2020 (in addition to the second quarter) compared to thepandemic.

corresponding prior-year periods and compared to our expectations at the beginning of our 2020 fiscal year. Further discussion of the potential impacts on our business from the COVID-19 pandemic is provided below under Part II, Item 1A – Risk Factors.
HOMEBUILDING
The following table presents a summary of certain financial and operational data for our homebuilding operations (dollars in thousands, except average selling price):
Three Months EndedThree Months Ended August 31, Nine Months Ended August 31,
February 29, 2020 February 28, 20192020 2019 2020 2019
Revenues:          
Housing$1,071,810
 $798,171
$979,113
 $1,152,618
 $2,960,901
 $2,968,588
Land572
 10,617
16,035
 4,237
 16,909
 15,726
Total1,072,382
 808,788
995,148
 1,156,855
 2,977,810
 2,984,314
Costs and expenses:          
Construction and land costs          
Housing(885,481) (661,328)(784,427) (939,538) (2,414,059) (2,443,937)
Land(572) (9,527)(14,068) (4,216) (14,942) (14,416)
Total(886,053) (670,855)(798,495) (943,754) (2,429,001) (2,458,353)
Selling, general and administrative expenses(126,134) (106,594)(107,710) (127,626) (348,082) (357,048)
Total(1,012,187) (777,449)(906,205) (1,071,380) (2,777,083) (2,815,401)
Operating income$60,195
 $31,339
$88,943
 $85,475
 $200,727
 $168,913
Homes delivered2,752
 2,152
Average selling price$389,500
 $370,900
Housing gross profit margin as a percentage of housing revenues17.4% 17.1%
Housing gross profit margin excluding inventory-related charges as a percentage of housing revenues17.9% 17.6%
Adjusted housing gross profit margin as a percentage of housing revenues21.1% 21.3%
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of housing revenues11.8% 13.4%
Operating income as a percentage of homebuilding revenues5.6% 3.9%
       

 Three Months Ended August 31, Nine Months Ended August 31,
 2020 2019 2020 2019
Homes delivered2,545
 3,022
 7,796
 7,942
Average selling price$384,700
 $381,400
 $379,800
 $373,800
Housing gross profit margin as a percentage of housing revenues19.9% 18.5% 18.5% 17.7%
Housing gross profit margin excluding inventory-related charges as a percentage of housing revenues20.6% 18.9% 19.0% 18.1%
Adjusted housing gross profit margin as a percentage of housing revenues23.7% 22.3% 22.2% 21.7%
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of housing revenues11.0% 11.1% 11.8% 12.0%
Operating income as a percentage of homebuilding revenues8.9% 7.4% 6.7% 5.7%
For reporting purposes, we organize our homebuilding operations into four segments — West Coast, Southwest, Central and Southeast. As of February 29,August 31, 2020, our homebuilding reporting segments consisted of ongoing operations located in the following states:states to the extent permitted by applicable public health orders as part of their respective COVID-19 control responses: West Coast — California and Washington; Southwest — Arizona and Nevada; Central — Colorado and Texas; and Southeast — Florida and North Carolina. The following tables present homes delivered, net orders, cancellation rates as a percentage of gross orders, net order value, average community count and ending backlog (number of homes and value) by homebuilding reporting segment (dollars in thousands):
  Three Months Ended August 31,
  Homes Delivered Net Orders Cancellation Rates
Segment 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019
West Coast 626
 838
 1,329
 957
 12% 20 %
Southwest 628
 566
 857
 706
 13
 14
Central 958
 1,098
 1,469
 1,132
 22
 22
Southeast 333
 520
 559
 530
 19
 22
Total 2,545
 3,022
 4,214
 3,325
 17% 20 %
             
             
  Net Order Value Average Community Count
Segment 2020 2019 Variance 2020 2019 Variance
West Coast $761,742
 $570,531
 34 % 74
 71
 4 %
Southwest 285,917
 219,930
 30
 35
 43
 (19)
Central 438,697
 331,635
 32
 88
 92
 (4)
Southeast 157,404
 154,146
 2
 41
 49
 (16)
Total $1,643,760
 $1,276,242
 29 % 238
 255
 (7) %
  
 
 
     

 Nine Months Ended August 31,
 Homes Delivered Net Orders Cancellation Rates
Segment 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019
West Coast 2,005
 2,015
 2,863
 2,797
 18% 18 %
Southwest 1,783
 1,615
 1,927
 2,007
 21
 13
Central 2,881
 2,989
 3,405
 3,556
 24
 20
Southeast 1,127
 1,323
 1,272
 1,704
 29
 20
Total 7,796
 7,942
 9,467
 10,064
 23% 18 %
 Three Months Ended            
 Homes Delivered Net Orders Cancellation Rates Net Order Value Average Community Count
Segment February 29, 2020 February 28, 2019 February 29, 2020 February 28, 2019 February 29, 2020 February 28, 2019 2020 2019 Variance 2020 2019 Variance
West Coast 794
 497
 979
 699
 11% 20 % $1,685,094
 $1,655,423
 2 % 74
 66
 12 %
Southwest 603
 483
 765
 533
 11
 13
 642,601
 632,498
 2
 37
 41
 (10)
Central 968
 824
 1,217
 926
 16
 24
 1,024,623
 1,054,203
 (3) 89
 93
 (4)
Southeast 387
 348
 534
 517
 18
 20
 362,540
 488,893
 (26) 44
 49
 (10)
Total 2,752
 2,152
 3,495
 2,675
 14% 20 % $3,714,858
 $3,831,017
 (3) % 244
 249
 (2) %
                        
             August 31,
 Net Order Value Average Community Count Backlog – Homes Backlog – Value
Segment February 29, 2020 February 28, 2019 Variance February 29, 2020 February 28, 2019 Variance 2020 2019 Variance 2020 2019 Variance
West Coast $598,416
 $420,461
 42% 74
 61
 21 % 1,901
 1,497
 27 % $1,088,096
 $883,765
 23 %
Southwest 257,220
 170,839
 51
 39
 38
 3
 1,382
 1,318
 5
 458,681
 412,391
 11
Central 373,481
 284,266
 31
 90
 95
 (5) 2,512
 2,281
 10
 750,831
 674,614
 11
Southeast 153,537
 146,521
 5
 48
 50
 (4) 954
 1,134
 (16) 270,056
 326,027
 (17)
Total $1,382,654
 $1,022,087
 35% 251
 244
 3 % 6,749
 6,230
 8 % $2,567,664
 $2,296,797
 12 %
            
 February 29, 2020 and February 28, 2019
 Backlog – Homes Backlog – Value
Segment February 29, 2020 February 28, 2019 Variance February 29, 2020 February 28, 2019 Variance
West Coast 1,228
 917
 34% $712,218
 $533,076
 34 %
Southwest 1,400
 976
 43
 456,024
 315,797
 44
Central 2,237
 1,816
 23
 680,904
 537,351
 27
Southeast 956
 922
 4
 275,405
 272,060
 1
Total 5,821
 4,631
 26% $2,124,551
 $1,658,284
 28 %
Revenues. Homebuilding revenues for the three months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 rose 33%decreased 14% from the year-earlier period due to an increasea decline in housing revenues, partly offset by a decreasean increase in land sale revenues.
Housing revenues for the three months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 grew 34%declined 15% year over year, reflecting a 28% increase16% decrease in the number of homes delivered, andpartly offset by a 5%slight increase in the overall average selling price of those homes. The growthDeliveries for the quarter were tempered primarily by the negative impacts associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and related COVID-19 control responses, including a 14% year-over-year decrease in the number of homes deliveredin our beginning backlog for the 2020 firstthird quarter, primarily reflected our higher backlog at the beginning of the period (“beginning backlog”), which was up 24% compared to the year-earlier period. The increase in the overall average selling price of homes delivered was mainly due to community and geographic mix shifts, with a higher proportion of homes delivered from our West Coast homebuilding reporting segment.as discussed above under “Overview.”
Land sale revenues for the quarter ended February 29,August 31, 2020 decreased 95% fromtotaled $16.0 million, compared to $4.2 million in the year-earlier period to $.6 million.quarter. Generally, land sale revenues fluctuate with our decisions to maintain or decrease our land ownership position in certain markets based upon the volume of our holdings, our business strategy, the strength and number of developers and other land buyers in particular markets at given points in time, the availability of opportunities to sell land at acceptable prices and prevailing market conditions.
Homebuilding revenues for the nine months ended August 31, 2020 were relatively even with the corresponding period of 2019, primarily due to housing revenues remaining essentially flat, as a 2% decrease in the number of homes delivered was mostly offset by a 2% rise in the overall average selling price to $379,800.
Land sale revenues totaled $16.9 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2020 and $15.7 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2019, reflecting the factors discussed above with respect to our 2020 third quarter land sale revenues.
Operating Income. Our homebuilding operating income for the three months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 increased 92%4% from the year-earlier period. Homebuilding operating income for the 2020 firstthird quarter included total inventory-related charges of $5.7$6.9 million, compared to $3.6$5.3 million in the 2019 third quarter. As a percentage of homebuilding revenues, our homebuilding operating income

for the three months ended August 31, 2020 increased 150 basis points year over year to 8.9%. Excluding inventory-related charges, our homebuilding operating income margin improved 180 basis points to 9.6% for the 2020 third quarter compared to 7.8% for the year-earlier quarter.
For the nine months ended August 31, 2020, our homebuilding operating income increased 19% from the corresponding 2019 period. Homebuilding operating income for the first quarter.nine months of 2020 included total inventory-related charges of $16.9 million and severance charges of $6.7 million. The severance charges were associated with workforce reductions made during the 2020 second quarter, as discussed above under “Overview,” and were estimated at implementation to yield annualized savings of approximately $40 million allocated between construction and land costs and selling, general and administrative expenses. In the nine months ended August 31, 2019, homebuilding operating income included $13.1 million of inventory-related charges. As a percentage of homebuilding revenues, our homebuilding operating income for the threenine months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 increased 170improved 100 basis points year over year to 5.6%6.7%. Excluding inventory-related charges for both periods and the above-mentioned severance charges in the 2020 period, our homebuilding operating income margin improved 140 basis points to 7.5% for the nine months ended August 31, 2020 from 6.1% for the 2020 first quarter compared to 4.3% for the year-earlier quarter.

nine months ended August 31, 2019.
The year-over-year increasechange in our homebuilding operating income for the three months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 primarilylargely reflected lower selling, general and administrative expenses and higher housing grossland sale profits, partly offset by higherlower housing gross profits. For the nine months ended August 31, 2020, the year-over-year growth in our homebuilding operating income was primarily due to an increase in housing gross profits and a decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses.
Housing gross profits of $186.3$194.7 million for the three months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 grew 36%declined 9% from $136.8$213.1 million for the year-earlier period, reflecting increasesa decrease in housing revenues, andpartly offset by an increase in our housing gross profit margin. Our housing gross profit margin for the 2020 firstthird quarter rose 30140 basis points year over year to 17.4% primarily19.9%, mainly as a result of a shift in the mix of homes delivered and a favorable impacts of improved operating leverage due to higher housing revenuespricing environment (approximately 70110 basis points) and; lower amortization of previously capitalized interest as a percentage of housing revenues (approximately 5030 basis points); and workforce realignment and reductions (approximately 30 basis points). These items were partly offset by higher construction and land costsan increase in inventory-related charges (approximately 9030 basis points), primarily reflecting a shift in the mix of homes delivered..
We incur interest principally from our borrowings to finance land acquisitions, land development, home construction and other operating and capital needs. Interest incurred totaled $31.0$31.1 million for the three months ended February 29,August 31, 2020, decreasing from $34.8$36.0 million for the year-earlier period, mainly due to our lower average debt level. All interest incurred during the three-month periods ended February 29,August 31, 2020 and February 28, 2019 was capitalized due to the average amount of our inventory qualifying for interest capitalization exceeding our average debt level for each period. As a result, we had no interest expense for these periods.
Interest amortized to construction and land costs associated with housing operations was $34.6$30.2 million and $30.0$38.6 million for the three-month periods ended February 29,August 31, 2020 and February 28, 2019, respectively. As a percentage of housing revenues, the amortization of previously capitalized interest associated with housing operations was 3.2%3.1% and 3.7%3.4% for the three months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 and February 28, 2019, respectively.
Excluding the amortization of previously capitalized interest associated with housing operations and the above-mentioned inventory-related charges infor the three months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 and February 28, 2019, our adjusted housing gross profit margin decreased 20increased 140 basis points from the year-earlier quarter to 21.1%23.7%. The calculation of adjusted housing gross profit margin, which we believe provides a clearer measure of the performance of our business, is described below under “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the 2020 firstthird quarter rose 18%decreased 16% from the year-earlier quarter, mainly due to the higherlower volume of homes delivered and increased marketing expensesour targeted actions, including the above-mentioned workforce reductions, to support new community openings.reduce overhead costs. As a percentage of housing revenues, our selling, general and administrative expenses improved 16010 basis points, largely as a result of increasedreflecting the lower expenses, partly offset by decreased operating leverage due to higherlower housing revenues as compared to the year-earlier quarter.
Land sales generated profits of $2.0 million for the three months ended August 31, 2020, compared to a nominal amount for the year-earlier period.
Our housing gross profits of $546.8 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2020 increased from $524.7 million for the year-earlier period. Housing gross profits for the first nine months of 2020 included $16.9 million of inventory-related charges, compared to $13.1 million of such charges in the year-earlier period. Our housing gross profit margin of 18.5% for the nine months ended August 31, 2020 increased 80 basis points year over year, primarily due to a decrease in construction and land costs, and lower amortization of previously capitalized interest as a percentage of housing revenues.
For the nine months ended August 31, 2020, interest incurred decreased to $93.1 million from $107.4 million for the year-earlier period, primarily due to our lower average debt level. All interest incurred during the nine-month periods ended August 31, 2020

and 2019 was capitalized as the average amount of our inventory qualifying for interest capitalization was higher than our average debt level for the period.
Interest amortized to construction and land costs associated with housing operations was $93.5 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2020, compared to $106.3 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2019. As a percentage of housing revenues, the amortization of previously capitalized interest associated with housing operations was 3.2% and 3.6% for the nine months ended August 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Excluding the amortization of previously capitalized interest associated with housing operations and the above-mentioned inventory-related charges in the nine months ended August 31, 2020 and 2019, our adjusted housing gross profit margin increased 50 basis points from the year-earlier period to 22.2%.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended August 31, 2020 decreased to $348.1 million from $357.0 million for the year-earlier period, primarily reflecting the lower number of homes delivered and our targeted actions to reduce overhead costs, partly offset by the above-mentioned severance charges of $6.7 million we recorded in the 2020 second quarter. As a percentage of housing revenues, selling, general and administrative expenses improved 20 basis points from the prior-year period to 11.8%.
Land sales generated profits of $2.0 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2020, compared to $5.5 million for the year-earlier period.
Interest Income. Interest income, which is generated from short-term investments, totaled $.9$.8 million for the three months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 and $1.1$.2 million for the three months ended February 28,August 31, 2019. For the nine-month periods ended August 31, 2020 and 2019, our interest income totaled $2.2 million and $1.7 million, respectively. Generally, increases and decreases in interest income are attributable to changes in the interest-bearing average balances of short-term investments and fluctuations in interest rates.
Equity in Income (Loss) of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. Our equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures was $1.9 million for the three months ended February 29,August 31, 2020, compared to equity in loss of unconsolidated joint ventures of $.4 million for the three months ended February 28,August 31, 2019. For the nine months ended August 31, 2020, our equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures was $12.0 million, compared to equity in loss of unconsolidated joint ventures of $1.2 million for the corresponding 2019 period. The improved results in both periods of 2020 primarily reflected 2017 homes and 90 homes delivered from an unconsolidated joint venture in California during the three months and nine months ended August 31, 2020, first quarter,respectively, compared to no homes delivered from unconsolidated joint ventures in the year-earlier quarter.corresponding 2019 periods.
Further information regarding our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures is provided in Note 9 – Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
This report contains information about our adjusted housing gross profit margin and ratio of net debt to capital, neither of which is calculated in accordance with GAAP. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures are relevant and useful to investors in understanding our operations and the leverage employed in our operations, and may be helpful in comparing us with other companies in the homebuilding industry to the extent they provide similar information. However, because they are not calculated in accordance with GAAP, these non-GAAP financial measures may not be completely comparable to other companies in the homebuilding industry and, thus, should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to operating performance and/or financial measures prescribed by GAAP. Rather, these non-GAAP financial measures should be used to supplement their respective most directly comparable GAAP financial measures in order to provide a greater understanding of the factors and trends affecting our operations.
Adjusted Housing Gross Profit Margin. The following table reconciles our housing gross profit margin calculated in accordance with GAAP to the non-GAAP financial measure of our adjusted housing gross profit margin (dollars in thousands):

Three Months EndedThree Months Ended August 31, Nine Months Ended August 31,
February 29, 2020 February 28, 20192020 2019 2020 2019
Housing revenues$1,071,810
 $798,171
$979,113
 $1,152,618
 $2,960,901
 $2,968,588
Housing construction and land costs(885,481) (661,328)(784,427) (939,538) (2,414,059) (2,443,937)
Housing gross profits186,329
 136,843
194,686
 213,080
 546,842
 524,651
Add: Inventory-related charges (a)5,672
 3,555
6,888
 5,251
 16,939
 13,143
Housing gross profits excluding inventory-related charges192,001
 140,398
201,574
 218,331
 563,781
 537,794
Add: Amortization of previously capitalized interest (b)34,575
 29,986
30,186
 38,558
 93,507
 106,260
Adjusted housing gross profits$226,576
 $170,384
$231,760
 $256,889
 $657,288
 $644,054
Housing gross profit margin as a percentage of housing revenues17.4% 17.1%19.9% 18.5% 18.5% 17.7%
Housing gross profit margin excluding inventory-related charges as a percentage of housing revenues17.9% 17.6%20.6% 18.9% 19.0% 18.1%
Adjusted housing gross profit margin as a percentage of housing revenues21.1% 21.3%23.7% 22.3% 22.2% 21.7%
(a)Represents inventory impairment and land option contract abandonment charges associated with housing operations.
(b)Represents the amortization of previously capitalized interest associated with housing operations.
Adjusted housing gross profit margin is a non-GAAP financial measure, which we calculate by dividing housing revenues less housing construction and land costs excluding (1) housing inventory impairment and land option contract abandonment charges (as applicable) recorded during a given period and (2) amortization of previously capitalized interest associated with housing operations, by housing revenues. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is housing gross profit margin. We believe adjusted housing gross profit margin is a relevant and useful financial measure to investors in evaluating our performance as it measures the gross profits we generated specifically on the homes delivered during a given period. This non-GAAP financial measure isolates the impact that the housing inventory impairment and land option contract abandonment charges, and the amortization of previously capitalized interest associated with housing operations, have on housing gross profit margins, and allows investors to make comparisons with our competitors that adjust housing gross profit margins in a similar manner. We also believe investors will find adjusted housing gross profit margin relevant and useful because it represents a profitability measure that may be compared to a prior period without regard to variability of housing inventory impairment and land option contract abandonment charges, and amortization of previously capitalized interest associated with housing operations. This financial measure assists us in making strategic decisions regarding community location and product mix, product pricing and construction pace.
Ratio of Net Debt to Capital. The following table reconciles our ratio of debt to capital calculated in accordance with GAAP to the non-GAAP financial measure of our ratio of net debt to capital (dollars in thousands):
February 29,
2020
 November 30,
2019
August 31,
2020
 November 30,
2019
Notes payable$1,749,148
 $1,748,747
$1,747,704
 $1,748,747
Stockholders’ equity2,443,104
 2,383,122
2,565,308
 2,383,122
Total capital$4,192,252
 $4,131,869
$4,313,012
 $4,131,869
Ratio of debt to capital41.7% 42.3%40.5% 42.3%
      
Notes payable$1,749,148
 $1,748,747
$1,747,704
 $1,748,747
Less: Cash and cash equivalents(429,706) (453,814)(722,033) (453,814)
Net debt1,319,442
 1,294,933
1,025,671
 1,294,933
Stockholders’ equity2,443,104
 2,383,122
2,565,308
 2,383,122
Total capital$3,762,546
 $3,678,055
$3,590,979
 $3,678,055
Ratio of net debt to capital35.1% 35.2%28.6% 35.2%

The ratio of net debt to capital is a non-GAAP financial measure, which we calculate by dividing notes payable, net of homebuilding cash and cash equivalents, by capital (notes payable, net of homebuilding cash and cash equivalents, plus stockholders’ equity). The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is the ratio of debt to capital. We believe the ratio of net debt to capital is a relevant and useful financial measure to investors in understanding the degree of leverage employed in our operations.
HOMEBUILDING REPORTING SEGMENTS
Below is a discussion of the financial results of each of our homebuilding reporting segments. Further information regarding these segments, including their pretax income (loss), is included in Note 2 – Segment Information in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report. The difference between each homebuilding reporting segment’s operating income (loss) and pretax income (loss) is generally due to the equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures and/or interest income and expense.
The financial results for each of our homebuilding reporting segments for the three months and nine months ended August 31, 2020 were negatively affected by the impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic, as discussed above under “Overview.” In three of our four homebuilding reporting segments, we delivered fewer homes in the 2020 third quarter compared to the corresponding year-earlier quarter largely as a result of our lower beginning backlog, as discussed above under “Homebuilding – Revenues.”
West Coast. The following table presents financial information related to our West Coast segment for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands, except average selling price):
Three Months EndedThree Months Ended August 31, Nine Months Ended August 31,
February 29, 2020 February 28, 2019 Variance2020 2019 Variance 2020 2019 Variance
Revenues$484,497
 $305,810
 58  %$379,025
 $497,654
 (24) % $1,195,404
 $1,194,728
 
Construction and land costs(416,657) (259,013) (61)(318,272) (414,914) 23
 (1,017,383) (1,009,032) (1)
Selling, general and administrative expenses(35,854) (28,721) (25)(28,424) (38,744) 27
 (94,197) (98,647) 5
Operating income$31,986
 $18,076
 77  %$32,329
 $43,996
 (27) % $83,824
 $87,049
 (4) %
                
Homes delivered794
 497
 60  %626
 838
 (25) % 2,005
 2,015
 
Average selling price$610,200
 $607,500
 
$605,400
 $588,800
 3  % $596,200
 $588,700
 1  %
Housing gross profit margin14.0% 15.5% (150)bps16.0% 16.8% (80)bps 14.9% 15.7% (80)bps
This segment’s revenues for the three months ended February 29, 2020 were generated solely from housing operations. Revenues for the threeand nine months ended February 28,August 31, 2020 and 2019 were generated from both housing operations and land sales. Housing revenues for the 2020 firstthird quarter increased 60%declined 23% year over year to $379.0 million from $301.9$493.4 million, mainly due toreflecting a lower number of homes delivered, partly offset by an increase in the average selling price of those homes. For the nine months ended August 31, 2020, housing revenues rose to $1.20 billion from $1.19 billion due to a slight increase in the average selling price of homes delivered as the number of homes delivered.delivered was essentially even with the year-earlier period. The year-over-year growthincrease in the numberaverage selling price of homes delivered for the three months and nine months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 was primarily due to a 46% year-over-year increase in the numberproduct and geographic mix shifts of homes in beginning backlog as well as homes delivered from our recently-established Seattle operations, which had no deliveries in the 2019 first quarter.delivered.
Operating income for the three months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 increaseddeclined from the year-earlier period, due to higherreflecting a decrease in housing gross profits, partly offset by higherlower selling, general and administrative expenses. The year-over-year growthdecrease in housing gross profits reflected an increase inlower housing revenues that was partly offset byand a decrease in thelower housing gross profit margin. The decline in the housing gross profit margin was primarily due todriven by an increase in constructioninventory-related charges and land costs as a percentage of housing revenues mainly as a result of a mix shift of homes delivered. These cost increases were partly offset by improved operating leverage due to higher housing revenues. Inventory-related charges totaled $4.4$5.5 million in the 2020 firstthird quarter, compared to $3.3$5.1 million in the year-earlier quarter. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of housing revenues for the 2020 firstthird quarter improved from the year-earlier quarter largely due to increasedour targeted actions to reduce overhead costs and lower legal fees in the current period, partly offset by reduced operating leverage as a result of higherlower housing revenues.
For the nine months ended August 31, 2020, operating income decreased 4% from the year-earlier period reflecting lower housing gross profits, partly offset by lower selling, general and administrative expenses. The year-over-year decline in housing gross profits was primarily due to a decrease in the housing gross profit margin as a result of a mix shift of homes delivered, partly offset by a decrease in inventory-related charges and lower relative amortization of previously capitalized interest. Inventory-related charges impacting the housing gross profit margin totaled $10.6 million and $12.1 million for the nine-month periods ended August 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of housing revenues for the nine months ended August 31, 2020 improved from the corresponding 2019 period primarily due to overhead cost reductions and lower legal fees in the current period.

Southwest. The following table presents financial information related to our Southwest segment for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands, except average selling price):
 Three Months Ended
 February 29, 2020 February 28, 2019 Variance
Revenues$191,318
 $157,656
 21  %
Construction and land costs(142,899) (121,218) (18)
Selling, general and administrative expenses(16,169) (14,120) (15)
Operating income$32,250
 $22,318
 45  %
      

Three Months EndedThree Months Ended August 31, Nine Months Ended August 31,
February 29, 2020 February 28, 2019 Variance2020 2019 Variance 2020 2019 Variance
Revenues$223,096
 $180,238
 24  % $589,665
 $522,721
 13  %
Construction and land costs(167,572) (137,635) (22) (444,213) (399,445) (11)
Selling, general and administrative expenses(16,128) (16,078) 
 (48,760) (46,257) (5)
Operating income$39,396
 $26,525
 49  % $96,692
 $77,019
 26  %
           
Homes delivered603
 483
 25  %628
 566
 11  % 1,783
 1,615
 10  %
Average selling price$316,400
 $326,400
 (3) %$330,700
 $318,400
 4  % $321,700
 $323,700
 (1) %
Housing gross profit margin25.4% 23.1% 230bps25.8% 23.6% 220bps 25.0% 23.6% 140bps
This segment’s revenues for the three-month periodand nine-month periods ended February 29,August 31, 2020 were from both housing operations and land sales. For the three months and nine months ended February 28,August 31, 2019, revenues were generated solely from housing operations. Housing revenues for the three months ended August 31, 2020 first quarter increased 21%15% year over year to $190.8$207.7 million, due to increases in both the number of homes delivered and the average selling price of those homes. The increase in the number of homes delivered was mainly due to higher net orders in the 2020 third quarter, as the beginning backlog in this segment was down 2% from the year-earlier quarter. The year-over-year rise in the average selling price for the three months ended August 31, 2020 primarily reflected a shift in product and geographic mix as well as a favorable pricing environment in this segment. For the nine months ended August 31, 2020, housing revenues rose 10% year over year to $573.5 million, reflecting an increase in the number of homes delivered, partially offset by a slight decrease in the average selling price of those homes. The growth in the number of homes delivered primarily reflected a larger beginning backlog, which was up 34% compared to the year-earlier period. The year-over-year decrease in the average selling price for the three months ended February 29, 2020 was primarily due to product and geographic mix shifts of homes delivered.
Operating income for the three months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 increased from the corresponding 2019 period due to higher housing gross profits as selling, general and administrative expenses remained flat. The year-over-year increase in housing gross profits primarily reflected higher housing revenues and a higher housing gross profit margin compared with the year-earlier period. The housing gross profit margin for the three months ended August 31, 2020 reflected increased operating leverage due to higher housing revenues, a shift in the mix of homes delivered, a favorable pricing environment, and lower relative amortization of previously capitalized interest. Land sales generated profits of $2.0 million for the three months ended August 31, 2020. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of housing revenues for the 2020 third quarter improved from the corresponding 2019 quarter mainly as a result of increased operating leverage due to higher housing revenues, overhead cost reductions, legal recoveries in the current quarter, and higher marketing expenses in the year-earlier quarter to support new community openings.
For the nine months ended August 31, 2020, operating income increased from the corresponding 2019 period due to higher housing gross profits, partly offset by higher selling, general and administrative expenses. The increase in housingHousing gross profits primarily reflected growth infor the first nine months of 2020 increased from the year-earlier period mainly due to higher housing revenues and an increase in thea higher housing gross profit margin. The improvement in the housing gross profit margin was mainlyprimarily due to lower relative amortization of previously capitalized interest, a decreasepartly offset by favorable warranty adjustments in construction and land costs as a percentagethe first nine months of housing revenues, and increased operating leverage due to higher housing revenues.2019. Land sales generated profits of $2.0 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2020. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of housing revenues for the 2020 first quarternine months of 2020 improved from the corresponding 2019 quarter, mainly as a result of increased operating leverage dueperiod primarily for the reasons described above with respect to higher housing revenues, partly offset by increased marketing costs.the three months ended August 31, 2020.
Central. The following table presents financial information related to our Central segment for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands, except average selling price):
Three Months EndedThree Months Ended August 31, Nine Months Ended August 31,
February 29, 2020 February 28, 2019 Variance2020 2019 Variance 2020 2019 Variance
Revenues$283,513
 $241,592
 17  %$297,022
 $326,058
 (9) % $864,728
 $874,730
 (1) %
Construction and land costs(229,123) (198,104) (16)(232,269) (259,195) 10
 (688,683) (705,641) 2
Selling, general and administrative expenses(31,712) (24,905) (27)(29,331) (32,446) 10
 (91,061) (88,890) (2)
Operating income$22,678
 $18,583
 22  %$35,422
 $34,417
 3  % $84,984
 $80,199
 6  %
                
Homes delivered968
 824
 17  %
Average selling price$292,900
 $285,000
 3  %
Housing gross profit margin19.2% 18.1% 110bps

 Three Months Ended August 31, Nine Months Ended August 31,
 2020 2019 Variance 2020 2019 Variance
Homes delivered958
 1,098
 (13) % 2,881
 2,989
 (4) %
Average selling price$310,000
 $297,000
 4  % $300,100
 $290,200
 3  %
Housing gross profit margin21.8% 20.5% 130bps 20.4% 19.3% 110bps
This segment’s revenues for the three months and nine months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 and the three months ended August 31, 2019 were generated solely from housing operations. Revenues for the three-month periodnine months ended February 28,August 31, 2019 were generated from both housing operations and land sales. Housing revenues for the 2020 firstthird quarter increased 21%declined 9% from $234.8 million for the year-earlier quarter, reflecting increasesa decrease in both the number of homes delivered, andpartly offset by an increase the average selling price of those homes. For the nine months ended August 31, 2020, housing revenues decreased slightly from $867.5 million in the year-earlier period, reflecting a decline in the number of homes delivered, largely offset by an increase in the average selling price of those homes. The growth in the number of homes delivered primarily reflected a larger beginning backlog, which was up 16% as compared to the year-earlier period. The year-over-year increaseincreases in the average selling priceprices for three-month periodand nine-month periods ended February 29,August 31, 2020 waswere due to shifts in the product and geographic mix of homes delivered.
Operating income for the three months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 roseincreased slightly from the year-earlier period, mainly due to lower selling, general and administrative expenses, partly offset by a decrease in housing gross profits. The year-over-year decrease in housing gross profits reflected a decline in housing revenues, partially offset by an increase in the housing gross profit margin. The housing gross profit margin increased mainly as a result of a shift in the mix of homes delivered, a favorable pricing environment and workforce reductions, partially offset by higher inventory-related charges and reduced operating leverage due to lower housing revenues. Inventory-related charges impacting the housing gross profit margin for the three months ended August 31, 2020 were $1.1 million. There were no inventory-related charges in the prior-year quarter. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of housing revenues for the 2020 third quarter improved from the year-earlier quarter mainly as a result of overhead cost reductions, partly offset by reduced operating leverage from lower housing revenues.
For the nine months ended August 31, 2020, operating income increased 6% from the year-earlier period mainly due to an increase in housing gross profits, partly offset by higher selling, general and administrative expenses. Housingexpenses and the absence of land sale profits in the current period. The increase in housing gross profits increased primarilywas mainly due to growtha higher gross profit margin, partly offset by a slight decrease in housing revenues and an increase in the housing gross profit margin.revenues. The housing gross profit margin increase mainly resulted from a decrease in construction and land costs as a percentage of housing revenues, improved operating leverageincreased primarily due to highera shift in the mix of homes delivered and a favorable pricing environment, partly offset by an increase in inventory-related charges. Inventory-related charges impacting the housing revenues,gross profit margin for the nine months ended August 31, 2020 and lower amortization2019 were $5.5 million and $.4 million, respectively. Land sales generated profits of previously capitalized interest.$1.8 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2019. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of housing revenues for the 2020 first quarternine months of 2020 increased from the year-earlier quarter, mainlycorresponding 2019 period, reflecting higher overhead costs, partly offset by increaseddecreased operating leverage due to higherlower housing revenues.

Southeast. The following table presents financial information related to our Southeast segment for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands, except average selling price):
Three Months EndedThree Months Ended August 31, Nine Months Ended August 31,
February 29, 2020 February 28, 2019 Variance2020 2019 Variance 2020 2019 Variance
Revenues$113,054
 $103,730
 9  %$96,005
 $152,905
 (37) % $328,013
 $392,135
 (16) %
Construction and land costs(95,610) (90,778) (5)(78,851) (129,998) 39
 (273,772) (338,636) 19
Selling, general and administrative expenses(14,814) (13,497) (10)(11,168) (17,634) 37
 (38,995) (48,182) 19
Operating income (loss)$2,630
 $(545) (a)
Operating income$5,986
 $5,273
 14  % $15,246
 $5,317
 187  %
                
Homes delivered387
 348
 11  %333
 520
 (36) % 1,127
 1,323
 (15) %
Average selling price$292,000
 $298,100
 (2) %$286,500
 $294,000
 (3) % $290,500
 $296,400
 (2) %
Housing gross profit margin15.4% 12.5% 290bps18.0% 15.0% 300bps 16.6% 13.6% 300bps
(a)Percentage not meaningful.
This segment’s revenues for the three-month periodand nine-month periods ended February 29,August 31, 2020 were generated from housing operations and nominal land sales. Revenues for the three months and nine months ended February 28,August 31, 2019 were generated solely from housing operations. The year-over-year increasedecline in housing revenues for the three months and nine months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 reflected an increasedecreases in both the number of homes delivered partly offset by a decrease inand the average selling price of those homes. The growth in the number of homes delivered primarily reflected a larger beginning backlog, which was up 7% compared to the year-earlier period. The year-over-year

decrease in the average selling price for the three months and nine months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 was mainly due to shifts in the product and geographic mix of homes delivered, with a lower proportion of homes delivered from higher-priced communities.
Operating income for the three months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 increased compared to an operating loss forfrom the year-earlier period mainly due to growtha decrease in housing gross profits, partially offset by higher selling, general and administrative expenses.expenses, partly offset by lower housing gross profits. The year-over-year growthdecrease in housing gross profits reflected increasesa decline in both housing revenues, andpartly offset by an increase in the housing gross profit margin. The housing gross profit margin increased primarily due to lower construction and land costs as a percentageshift in the mix of housing revenues,homes delivered and lower relative amortization of previously capitalized interest.interest, partly offset by reduced operating leverage due to lower housing revenues. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of housing revenues for the 2020 firstthird quarter were essentiallyincreased from the sameyear-earlier period, primarily due to decreased operating leverage as a result of lower housing revenues, partly offset by our overhead reduction efforts and favorable legal settlements.
For the nine months ended August 31, 2020, operating income grew from the prior-year period due to a decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses and slightly higher housing gross profits. Housing gross profits increased due to an increase in the housing gross profit margin that was mostly offset by a decline in housing revenues. The housing gross profit margin increased for the reasons described above for the three months ended August 31, 2020. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of housing revenues improved in the first nine months of 2020 from the year-earlier period.period primarily for the reasons described above with respect to the three months ended August 31, 2020.
FINANCIAL SERVICES REPORTING SEGMENT
The following table presents a summary of selected financial and operational data for our financial services reporting segment (dollars in thousands):
 Three Months Ended
 February 29, 2020 February 28, 2019
Revenues$3,553
 $2,695
Expenses(962) (1,024)
Equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures3,222
 802
Pretax income$5,813
 $2,473
    
Total originations:   
Loans1,764
 1,209
Principal$558,537
 $339,264
Percentage of homebuyers using KBHS71% 64%
Average FICO score722
 718
    

Three Months EndedThree Months Ended August 31, Nine Months Ended August 31,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Revenues$3,865
 $3,931
 $11,108
 $9,758
Expenses(1,056) (1,003) (2,901) (3,067)
Equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures6,855
 3,716
 14,874
 7,018
Pretax income$9,664
 $6,644
 $23,081
 $13,709
       
Total originations:       
Loans1,808
 1,938
 5,287
 4,826
Principal$621,674
 $573,017
 $1,723,216
 $1,393,088
Percentage of homebuyers using KBHS79% 72% 75% 69%
Average FICO score725
 721
 722
 719
February 29, 2020 February 28, 2019       
Loans sold:          
Loans sold to Stearns2,289
 1,161
1,936
 1,590
 5,985
 4,147
Principal$700,037
 $333,353
$618,770
 $467,700
 $1,877,463
 $1,198,346
Loans sold to third parties72
 244
26
 258
 219
 732
Principal$23,299
 $62,355
$9,157
 $65,892
 $71,160
 $189,432
Revenues. Financial services revenues for the three-month periodthree months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 increasedwere essentially even with the year-earlier period. For the nine months ended August 31, 2020, financial services revenues rose from the year-earliercorresponding period of 2019 due to increases in both title services revenues and insurance commissions.
Expenses. General and administrative expenses for the three months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 decreasedincreased slightly from the threeyear-earlier period. For the nine months ended February 28,August 31, 2020, general and administrative expenses decreased slightly from corresponding period of 2019.
Equity in Income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. The equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures increased on a year-over-year basis in the three-month period ended February 29,August 31, 2020 primarily due to an increase in the principal amount of loan originations and improved margins, partly offset by a 28% increase16% decline in the number of homes we delivered anddelivered. For the nine-month period ended August 31, 2020, the year-over-year increase reflected a substantial increase in the percentage of homebuyers using KBHS.KBHS, partly offset by a 2% decrease in the number of homes we delivered.

INCOME TAXES
Income Tax Expense. Our income tax expense and effective tax rates were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Three Months EndedThree Months Ended August 31, Nine Months Ended August 31,
February 29, 2020 February 28, 20192020 2019 2020 2019
Income tax expense$9,100
 $4,500
$22,900
 $23,800
 $47,800
 $37,600
Effective tax rate13.2% 13.0%22.6% 25.9% 20.1% 20.5%
Our income tax expense and effective tax rate for the three months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 included the favorable effectseffect of $5.6 million of excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation and $4.0$3.1 million of federal energy tax credits that we earned from building energy-efficient homes.homes, partially offset by $1.2 million of non-deductible executive compensation expense under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m). Our income tax expense and effective tax rate for the three months ended February 28,August 31, 2019 reflected $1.4 million of non-deductible executive compensation expense.
Our income tax expense and effective tax rate for the nine months ended August 31, 2020 included the favorable impactseffects of $10.1 million of federal energy tax credits that we earned from building energy-efficient homes and $5.6 million of excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation, partially offset by $3.2 million of non-deductible executive compensation expense. For the nine months ended August 31, 2019, our income tax expense and effective tax rate included the favorable effects of $4.3 million of federal energy tax credits, a $3.3 million reversal of a deferred tax asset valuation allowance related to refundable AMT credits and $2.0$2.9 million of excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation, which were partly offset by $.8$2.6 million of other items.non-deductible executive compensation expense.
The federal energy tax credits for the three months and nine months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 resulted from legislation enacted in December 2019, which among other things, extended the availability of a business tax credit for building new energy-efficient homes through December 31, 2020. Prior to this legislation, the tax credit expired on December 31, 2017. This extension is expected to benefit our income tax provision in future periods.
In June 2020, California enacted tax legislation that approved the suspension of California net operating loss deductions for tax years 2020, 2021 and 2022. The suspension of California net operating loss deductions did not have an impact on our income tax expense for the three months or nine months ended August 31, 2020.
Further information regarding our income taxes is provided in Note 14 – Income Taxes in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview. We have funded our homebuilding and financial services activities over the last several years with:
internally generated cash flows;
public issuances of debt securities;
borrowings under the Credit Facility;
land option contracts and other similar contracts and seller notes;
public issuances of our common stock; and
letters of credit and performance bonds.
We manage our use of cash in the operation of our business to support the execution of our primary strategic goals. Over the past several years, we have primarily used cash for:
land acquisition and land development;
home construction;

operating expenses;
principal and interest payments on notes payable; and
repayments of borrowings under the Credit Facility.
In response to the economic disruption and uncertainty resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, as described above under “Overview,” in the 2020 second quarter and most of the 2020 third quarter, we proceeded in a carefully targeted manner with investments in land and land development. This is expected to reduce the growth or, as in the 2020 second and third quarters, cause a decline in our lot count and the volume of homes delivered in the 2020 fourth quarter.
Our investments in land and land development increased 5%decreased 15% to $405.0 million$1.04 billion for the threenine months ended February 29,August 31, 2020,, compared to $384.2 million$1.22 billion for the prior-year period. Approximately 48%46% of our total investments in the threenine months ended February 29,August 31, 2020

related to land acquisition, compared to approximately 49%40% in the year-earlier period. While we made strategic investments in land and land development in each of our homebuilding reporting segments during the first threenine months of 2020 and 2019, approximately 49%51% and 50%54%, respectively, of these investments for each period were made in our West Coast homebuilding reporting segment. Due to the impacts and uncertainties resulting from the public health and governmental efforts to contain the spread of COVID-19, as noted above under “Overview,” we plan to curtail our investments in land and land development in the 2020 second quarter and likely beyond. In this regard, we are discussing with certain land sellers delaying the acquisition of land, and we are activating more targeted development phases of land we own to align with expected slower sales and construction paces. These actions are expected to reduce the growth, and may cause a decline, of our lot count and the volume of homes delivered in the 2020 second quarter and future periods.
The following table presents the number of lots we owned or controlled under land option contracts and other similar contracts and the carrying value of inventory by homebuilding reporting segment (dollars in thousands):
 February 29, 2020 November 30, 2019 Variance August 31, 2020 November 30, 2019 Variance
Segment Lots $ Lots $ Lots $ Lots $ Lots $ Lots $
West Coast 15,010
 $1,751,958
 15,186
 $1,795,088
 (176) $(43,130) 15,352
 $1,795,106
 15,186
 $1,795,088
 166
 $18
Southwest 11,459
 680,161
 11,191
 629,811
 268
 50,350
 10,450
 646,929
 11,191
 629,811
 (741) 17,118
Central 24,472
 900,013
 25,871
 889,179
 (1,399) 10,834
 22,527
 843,490
 25,871
 889,179
 (3,344) (45,689)
Southeast 12,293
 396,484
 12,662
 390,524
 (369) 5,960
 11,949
 385,604
 12,662
 390,524
 (713) (4,920)
Total 63,234
 $3,728,616
 64,910
 $3,704,602
 (1,676) $24,014
 60,278
 $3,671,129
 64,910
 $3,704,602
 (4,632) $(33,473)
The carrying value of lots we owned or controlled under land option contracts and other similar contracts at February 29,August 31, 2020 increaseddecreased slightly from November 30, 2019. Over the same period, the number of lots decreased 3%7% mainly due to fewera lower number of lots under land option contracts and other similar contracts with refundable deposits, reflecting ordinary course fluctuationfluctuations in the number of such contracts. The number of lots in inventory as of February 29,August 31, 2020 included 6,6957,802 lots under contract where the associated deposits were refundable at our discretion, compared to 9,212 of such lots at November 30, 2019. Our lots controlled under land under contractoption contracts and other similar contracts as a percentage of total lots was 38%37% at February 29,August 31, 2020 and 41% at November 30, 2019. Generally, this percentage fluctuates with our decisions to control (or abandon) lots under land option contracts and other similar contracts or to purchase (or sell owned) lots based on available opportunities and our investment return standards.
Liquidity. The table below summarizes our total cash and cash equivalents, and total liquidity (in thousands):
 February 29,
2020
 November 30,
2019
 August 31,
2020
 November 30,
2019
Total cash and cash equivalents $429,706
 $453,814
 $722,033
 $453,814
Credit Facility commitment 800,000
 800,000
 800,000
 800,000
Borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facility 
 
 
 
Letters of credit outstanding under the Credit Facility (12,429) (18,884) (12,429) (18,884)
Credit Facility availability 787,571
 781,116
 787,571
 781,116
Total liquidity $1,217,277
 $1,234,930
 $1,509,604
 $1,234,930
OurThe majority of our cash equivalents at February 29,August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019 were invested in interest-bearing bank deposit accounts and money market funds.accounts.

Capital Resources. Our notes payable consisted of the following (in thousands):
February 29,
2020
 November 30,
2019
 VarianceAugust 31,
2020
 November 30,
2019
 Variance
Mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans$7,889
 $7,889
 $
$5,620
 $7,889
 $(2,269)
Senior notes1,741,259
 1,740,858
 401
1,742,084
 1,740,858
 1,226
Total$1,749,148
 $1,748,747
 $401
$1,747,704
 $1,748,747
 $(1,043)
Our financial leverage, as measured by the ratio of debt to capital, was 41.7%40.5% at February 29,August 31, 2020, compared to 42.3% at November 30, 2019. Our ratio of net debt to capital (a calculation that is described above under “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”) at February 29,August 31, 2020 was 35.1%28.6%, compared to 35.2% at November 30, 2019. Our next scheduled debt maturity is on December 15, 2021, when $450.0 million in aggregate principal amount of our 7.00% senior notes become due.
LOC Facility. We had $33.4$29.3 million and $15.8 million of letters of credit outstanding under the LOC Facility at February 29,August 31, 2020 and November 30, 2019, respectively. Further information regarding our LOC Facility is provided in Note 15 – Notes Payable in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.

Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility. We have an $800.0 million Credit Facility that will mature on October 7, 2023. The amount of the Credit Facility available for cash borrowings and the issuance of letters of credit depends on the total cash borrowings and letters of credit outstanding under the Credit Facility and the maximum available amount under the terms of the Credit Facility. As of February 29,August 31, 2020, we had no cash borrowings and $12.4 million of letters of credit outstanding under the Credit Facility. Therefore, as of February 29,August 31, 2020, we had $787.6 million available for cash borrowings under the Credit Facility, with up to $237.6 million of that amount available for the issuance of additional letters of credit. The Credit Facility is further described in Note 15 – Notes Payable in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.
There have been no changes to the terms of the Credit Facility during the threenine months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 from those disclosed in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2019.
The covenants and other requirements under the Credit Facility represent the most restrictive covenants that we are subject to with respect to our notes payable. The following table summarizes the financial covenants and other requirements under the Credit Facility, and our actual levels or ratios (as applicable) with respect to those covenants and other requirements, in each case as of February 29,August 31, 2020:
Financial Covenants and Other Requirements Covenant Requirement Actual Covenant Requirement Actual
Consolidated tangible net worth >$1.67 billion $2.44 billion >$1.74 billion $2.57 billion
Leverage Ratio <.650 .418 <.650 .406
Interest Coverage Ratio (a) >1.500 4.340 >1.500 4.717
Minimum liquidity (a) >$137.2 million $429.7 million >$126.6 million $722.0 million
Investments in joint ventures and non-guarantor subsidiaries <$593.4 million $179.2 million <$617.9 million $117.4 million
Borrowing base in excess of borrowing base indebtedness (as defined)  n/a $1.29 billion  n/a $1.55 billion
(a)Under the terms of the Credit Facility, we are required to maintain either a minimum Interest Coverage Ratio or a minimum level of liquidity, but not both. As of February 29,August 31, 2020, we met both the Interest Coverage Ratio and the minimum liquidity requirements.
The indenture governing our senior notes does not contain any financial covenants. Subject to specified exceptions, the indenture contains certain restrictive covenants that, among other things, limit our ability to incur secured indebtedness, or engage in sale and leaseback transactions involving property above a certain specified value. In addition, the indenture contains certain limitations related to mergers, consolidations, and sales of assets.
Our obligations to pay principal, premium, if any, and interest under our senior notes and borrowings, if any, under the Credit Facility are guaranteed on a joint and several basis by the Guarantor Subsidiaries. The guarantees are full and unconditional, and the Guarantor Subsidiaries are 100% owned by us. We may also cause other subsidiaries of ours to become Guarantor Subsidiaries if we believe it to be in our or the relevant subsidiary’s best interests. Condensed consolidating financial information for our subsidiaries considered to be Guarantor Subsidiaries is provided in Note 22 – Supplemental Guarantor Information in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.

As of February 29,August 31, 2020, we were in compliance with the applicable terms of all our covenants and other requirements under the Credit Facility, the senior notes, the indenture, and the mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans. Our ability to access the Credit Facility for cash borrowings and letters of credit and our ability to secure future debt financing depend, in part, on our ability to remain in such compliance. There are no agreements that restrict our payment of dividends other than the Credit Facility, which would restrict our payment of dividends (other than common stock dividends) if a default under the Credit Facility exists at the time of any such payment, or if any such payment would result in such a default (other than dividends paid within 60 days after declaration, if there was no default at the time of declaration).
Depending on available terms, we finance certain land acquisitions with purchase-money financing from land sellers or with other forms of financing from third parties. At February 29,August 31, 2020, we had outstanding mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans payable in connection with such financing of $7.9$5.6 million, secured primarily by the underlying property, which had an aggregate carrying value of $30.8$49.2 million.
Credit Ratings. Our credit ratings are periodically reviewed by rating agencies. In January 2020, Standard and Poor’s Financial Services upgraded our credit rating to BB from BB-, and changed the rating outlook to stable from positive.

Consolidated Cash Flows. The following table presents a summary of net cash provided by (used in) our operating, investing and financing activities (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended August 31,
February 29, 2020 February 28, 20192020 2019
Net cash provided by (used in):      
Operating activities$(9,866) $(198,210)$329,211
 $(152,144)
Investing activities(7,839) (1,747)(18,386) (29,062)
Financing activities(6,226) 137,245
(42,557) (209,076)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents$(23,931) $(62,712)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$268,268
 $(390,282)
Operating Activities. Generally, our net operating cash flows fluctuate primarily based on changes in our inventories and our profitability. Our net cash usedprovided by operating activities for the threenine months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 primarily reflected net income of $190.2 million, a $62.8 million decrease in receivables and a $46.6 million decrease in inventories, partly offset by a net decrease in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities of $61.0 million, net cash of $17.9 million used for investments in inventories and an increase in receivables of $4.2 million, partly offset by net income of $59.7$62.4 million. In the threenine months ended February 28,August 31, 2019, our net cash used by operating activities mainly reflected net cash of $154.1$389.5 million used for investments in inventories, partly offset by net income of $145.6 million, a net decreaseincrease in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities of $70.1$5.0 million and a net increasedecrease in receivables of $19.5 million, partly offset by net income of $30.0$2.8 million.
Investing Activities. In the threenine months ended February 29,August 31, 2020, our uses of cash included $6.7$21.2 million for net purchases of property and equipment and $1.7$6.0 million for contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures. These uses of cash were partially offset by a $.5$8.8 million return of investments in unconsolidated joint ventures. In the threenine months ended February 28,August 31, 2019, the net cash used for investing activities reflected $10.0$32.2 million for net purchases of property and equipment and $2.5$7.7 million for contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures. These uses of cash were partially offset by $5.8 million of proceeds from the sale of a building and a $5.0 million return of investments in unconsolidated joint ventures.
Financing Activities. The year-over-year change in net cash used in financing activities was mainly due to the financing transactions we completed in the 2019 first quarter,nine months of 2019, including our concurrent public offerings of senior notes and our repayment of certain senior notes. In the threenine months ended February 29,August 31, 2020, net cash was used for dividend payments on our common stock of $8.2$24.4 million, payments on mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans of $20.3 million and tax payments associated with stock-based compensation awards of $6.2 million. The cash used was partially offset by $8.2$8.4 million of issuances of common stock under employee stock plans. In the threenine months ended February 28,August 31, 2019, net cash was used for the repayment of $630.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 1.375% Convertible Senior Notes due 2019 and 4.75% senior notes due 2019, payments on mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans of $32.1 million, dividend payments on our common stock of $12.4 million, and tax payments associated with stock-based compensation awards of $3.3 million. The cash used was partially offset by cash provided by our concurrent public offerings of $300.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.875% senior notes due 2027 and an additional $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of our existing series of 7.625% senior notes due 2023, $50.0 million of net borrowings under the Credit Facility, and $.8$18.7 million of issuances of common stock under employee stock plans. The cash provided was partly offset by cash used for our repayment of $230.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 1.375% Convertible Senior Notes due 2019, payments on mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans of $28.0 million, tax payments associated with stock-based compensation awards of $3.3 million, and dividend payments on our common stock of $2.3 million.
During each of the three-month periodperiods ended February 29,August 31, 2020 our board of directors declared, and we paid, a cash dividend of $.090 per share on our common stock. During the three-month period ended February 28, 2019, our board of directors declared, and we paid, a quarterly cash dividenddividends on our common stock of $.025$.09 per share. Quarterly cash dividends declared and paid on our common stock during the nine-month periods ended August 31, 2020 and 2019 totaled $.27 per share of common stock.and $.14 per share, respectively. The declaration and payment of future cash dividends on

our common stock, whether at current levels or at all, are at the discretion of our board of directors and depend upon, among other things, our expected future earnings, cash flows, capital requirements, access to external financing, debt structure and any adjustments thereto, operational and financial investment strategy and general financial condition, as well as general business conditions. Subsequent to the end of the 2020 third quarter, on October 8, 2020, our board of directors approved an increase in the quarterly cash dividend on our common stock to $.15 per share from $.09 per share, and declared the next quarterly dividend, at the new rate, payable on November 26, 2020 to stockholders of record on November 12, 2020.
Shelf Registration. On July 9, 2020, we filed the 2020 Shelf Registration with the SEC. The 2020 Shelf Registration registers the offering of securities that we may issue from time to time in amounts to be determined. Issuances of securities under our 2020 Shelf Registration require the filing of a prospectus supplement identifying the amount and terms of the securities to be issued. Our ability to issue securities is subject to market conditions and, with respect to debt securities, other factors impacting our borrowing capacity. The 2020 Shelf Registration replaced our previously effective universal shelf registration statement filed with the SEC on July 14, 2017. We have not made any offerings of securities under the 2020 Shelf Registration.

While the unprecedented public health and governmental efforts to contain the spread of COVID-19 have created significant uncertainty as to general economic and housing market conditions for the remainder of 2020 and beyond, as of the date of this report, we believe we have adequate capital resources and sufficient access to external financing sources to satisfy our current and reasonably anticipated requirements for funds to conduct our operations and meet other needs in the ordinary course of our business. While weWe have had no cash borrowings under the Credit Facility in our 2020 fiscal year through the date of this report, forreport. For the remainder of 2020, we expect to use or redeploy our cash resources or cash borrowings under the Credit Facility to support our business within the context of prevailing market conditions, which, given recent developments in the second quarter-to-date period,ongoing uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, could rapidly and materially deteriorate or otherwise change. During this time, we may also engage in capital markets, bank loan, project debt or other financial transactions, including the repurchase of debt or equity securities or potential new issuances of debt or equity securities to support our business needs. The amounts involved in these transactions, if any, may be material. In addition, as necessary or desirable, we may adjust or amend the terms of and/or expand the capacity of the Credit Facility or the LOC Facility, or enter into additional letter of credit facilities, or other similar facility arrangements, in each case with the same or other financial institutions, or allow any such facilities to mature or expire. However, with the uncertainty surrounding COVID-19, our ability to engage in such transactions may be constrained by volatile or tight economic, capital, credit and/or financial market conditions, as well as moderated investor and/or lender interest or capacity and/or our liquidity, leverage and net worth, and we can provide no assurance as to successfully completing, the costs of, or the operational limitations arising from any one or series of such transactions. Further discussion of the potential impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic on our capital resources and liquidity is provided below under Part II, Item 1A – Risk Factors.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. As discussed in Note 9 – Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report, we have investments in unconsolidated joint ventures in various markets where our homebuilding operations are located. At February 29, 2020 and November 30, 2019, one of our unconsolidated joint ventures had outstanding secured debt totaling $39.5 million and $40.7 million respectively, under a construction loan agreement with a third-party lender to finance its land development activities. The outstanding debt iswas secured by the underlying property and related project assets and iswas non-recourse to us. All of the outstanding secured debt is scheduled to maturewas repaid in February 2021. However, the loan agreement provides for a one-year extension beyond this date.2020. None of our other unconsolidated joint ventures had outstanding debt at February 29, 2020 or November 30, 2019. While we and our partner in the unconsolidated joint venture that has the outstanding construction loan agreement at February 29, 2020 provide certain guarantees and indemnities to the lender, we do not have a guaranty or any other obligation to repay or to support the value of the collateral underlying the outstanding secured debt. We do not believe that our existing exposure under our guaranty and indemnity obligations related to the outstanding secured debt is material to our consolidated financial statements.August 31, 2020.
Land Option Contracts and Other Similar Contracts. As discussed in Note 8 – Variable Interest Entities in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report, in the ordinary course of our business, we enter into land option contracts and other similar contracts with third parties and unconsolidated entities to acquire rights to land for the construction of homes. Our land option contracts and other similar contracts generally do not contain provisions requiring our specific performance. Our decision to exercise a particular land option contract or other similar contract depends on the results of our due diligence reviews and ongoing market and project feasibility analysis that we conduct after entering into such a contract. In some cases, our decision to exercise a land option contract or other similar contract may be conditioned on the land seller obtaining necessary entitlements, such as zoning rights and environmental and development approvals, and/or physically developing the underlying land by a pre-determined date. We typically have the ability not to exercise our rights to the underlying land for any reason and forfeit our deposits without further penalty or obligation to the sellers. If we were to acquire all of the land we had under land option contracts and other similar contracts at February 29,August 31, 2020, we estimate the remaining purchase price to be paid during each year ending November 30 would be as follows: 2020 – $811.4$393.8 million; 2021 – $271.9$473.2 million; 2022 – $83.6$207.2 million; 2023 – $60.1$99.1 million; 2024 – $45.7$42.6 million; and thereafter – $44.6$75.7 million.
Contractual Obligations. There have been no significant changes in our contractual obligations from those reported in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2019.

Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires the use of judgment in the application of accounting policies and estimates of uncertain matters. There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates during the threenine months ended February 29,August 31, 2020 from those disclosed in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2019.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent accounting pronouncements are discussed in Note 1 – Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.

Outlook
We are encouraged by the resilience of the housing market and the significant increase in demand over the past several months. Subsequent to the end of the third quarter, demand remained strong, with our net orders for the first five weeks of the 2020 fourth quarter up 39% from the corresponding period of 2019, and the cancellation rate for the period improving to 12% from 19%. While we believe long-termlimited our land investments during the second quarter and most of the third quarter to preserve cash and liquidity due to the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, given the sustained strong housing market fundamentals remain positive, including low interest ratesdemand, we have resumed land acquisition and a relatively constrained supplydevelopment activities to bolster our lot pipeline and support community growth in 2021 and beyond. Although the trajectory and strength of homes available for sale,the current recovery remains uncertain, and we expectare seeing some building material cost pressures, particularly with respect to lumber, that overall economic conditionscould negatively impact our margins in the United States will2020 fourth quarter and future periods, and the recovery could be negatively impactedslowed or reversed by a number of factors, including a possible widespread resurgence in COVID-19 infections combined with the spread of COVID-19,seasonal flu and others discussed below under Part II, Item 1A – Risk Factors, we believe we are well-positioned to operate effectively through the present operating environment. Our present outlook for the fourth quarter and full-year 2020 and full-year 2021 is as discussed above under “Overview,” though the magnitude and duration of any such impact is unknown and highly uncertain. In light of this uncertainty, we have withdrawn guidance for our follows:
2020 fiscal year. In addition, if conditionsFourth Quarter
We expect to generate housing revenues in the overall housing market or in a specific market or submarket worsenrange of $1.05 billion to $1.15 billion, compared to $1.54 billion in the future beyondyear-earlier quarter, and anticipate our current expectations, if future changesaverage selling price to be approximately $415,000 representing an increase of 6% compared to the year-earlier period.
We expect our housing gross profit margin to be in the range of 20.0% to 20.4%, assuming no inventory-related charges, compared to 19.9% for the corresponding 2019 quarter.
We expect our business strategy significantly affect any key assumptions usedselling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of housing revenues to be in the range of 10.8% to 11.2%. The 2019 fourth quarter ratio was 9.1%.
We expect our projectionshomebuilding operating income margin, excluding inventory-related charges, to range from 9.0% to 9.4%, compared to 10.7% for the prior year quarter.
We expect an effective tax rate of future cash flows, or if there are material changesapproximately 24%.
We expect our average community count to decline in anythe mid- to high single-digit percentage range from the 2019 fourth quarter.
2020 Full Year
The following 2020 full year outlook is based on the mid-point of our outlook for the other items we consider2020 fourth quarter:
We expect our housing revenues to be approximately $4.06 billion, compared to $4.51 billion in assessing recoverability, we may recognize2019, and anticipate our average selling price to be approximately $389,000, representing an increase of approximately 2% compared to 2019.
We expect our housing gross profit margin to be approximately 19.4%, assuming no inventory-related charges, versus 18.7% for 2019.
We expect our selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of housing revenues to be approximately 11.4%, excluding the severance charges recorded in future periodsthe second quarter, compared to 11.0% in the prior year.
We expect our homebuilding operating income margin, assuming no inventory-related charges and excluding the above-mentioned severance charges, to be approximately 8.0%, compared to 7.7% for inventory impairments or land option contract abandonments, or both, related2019.
We expect an effective tax rate of roughly 21%.
We expect our average community count to be down by a low single-digit percentage compared to 2019.
2021 Full Year
We expect our current inventory assets. Any such charges couldhousing revenues to be materialin the range of $5.1 billion to $5.5 billion.
We expect our consolidated financial statements.average community count to be flat compared to 2020.
While weWe have had no cash borrowings under the Credit Facility in our 2020 fiscal year through the date of this report, forreport. For the remainder of 2020, we expect to use or redeploy our cash resources orand any cash borrowings under the Credit Facility to support our business within the context of prevailing market conditions, which given recent developments in the second quarter-to-date period, could rapidly and materially deteriorate or otherwise change. During this time, we may also engage in capital markets, bank loan, project debt or other financial transactions, including the repurchase of debt or equity securities or potential new issuances of debt or equity securities to support our business needs. The amounts involved in these transactions, if any, may

be material. In addition, our future performance and the strategies we implement (and adjust or refine as necessary or appropriate) will depend significantly on prevailing economic and capital, credit and financial market conditions and on the public health, political and regulatory environment (including in regards to housing and mortgage loan financing policies), among other factors.
Forward-Looking Statements
Investors are cautioned that certain statements contained in this report, as well as some statements by us in periodic press releases and other public disclosures and some oral statements by us to securities analysts, stockholders and others during presentations, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Act”). Statements that are predictive in nature, that depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, or that include words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “estimate,” “hope,” and similar expressions constitute forward-looking statements. In addition, any statements that we may make or provide concerning future financial or operating performance (including without limitation future revenues, community count, homes delivered, net orders, selling prices, sales pace per new community, expenses, expense ratios, housing gross profits, housing gross profit margins, earnings or earnings per share, or growth or growth rates), future market conditions, future interest rates, and other economic conditions, ongoing business strategies or prospects, future dividends and changes in dividend levels, the value of our backlog (including amounts that we expect to realize upon delivery of homes included in our backlog and the timing of those deliveries), the value of our net orders, potential future asset acquisitions and the impact of completed acquisitions, future share issuances or repurchases, future debt issuances, repurchases or redemptions and other possible future actions are also forward-looking statements as defined by the Act. Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and projections about future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions about our operations, economic and market factors, and the homebuilding industry, among other things. These statements are not guarantees of future performance, and we have no specific policy or intention to update these statements. In addition, forward-looking and other statements in this report and in other public or oral disclosures that express or contain opinions, views or assumptions about market or economic conditions; the success, performance, effectiveness and/or relative positioning of our strategies, initiatives or operational activities; and other matters, may be based in whole or in part on general observations of our management, limited or anecdotal evidence and/or business or industry experience without in-depth or any particular empirical investigation, inquiry or analysis.
Actual events and results may differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in forward-looking statements due to a number of factors. The most important risk factors that could cause our actual performance and future events and actions to differ materially from such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following:

general economic, employment and business conditions;conditions, generally and during the current recession;
population growth, household formations and demographic trends;
conditions in the capital, credit and financial markets;
our ability to access external financing sources and raise capital through the issuance of common stock, debt or other securities, and/or project financing, on favorable terms;
the execution of any share repurchases pursuant to our board of directors’ authorization;
material and trade costs and availability;availability, particularly lumber;
changes in interest rates;
our debt level, including our ratio of debt to capital, and our ability to adjust our debt level and maturity schedule;
our compliance with the terms of the Credit Facility;
volatility in the market price of our common stock;
weak or declining consumer confidence, either generally or specifically with respect to purchasing homes;
competition from other sellers of new and resale homes;
weather events, significant natural disasters and other climate and environmental factors;
any failure of lawmakers to agree on a budget or appropriation legislation to fund the federal government’s operations, and financial markets’ and businesses’ reactions to that failure;
government actions, policies, programs and regulations directed at or affecting the housing market (including the CARES Act relief provisions for outstanding mortgage loans, tax benefits associated with purchasing and owning a home, and the standards, fees and size limits applicable to the purchase or insuring of mortgage loans by government-sponsored enterprises and government agencies), the homebuilding industry, or construction activities;

changes in existing tax laws or enacted corporate income tax rates, including those resulting from regulatory guidance and interpretations issued with respect to thereto;
changes in U.S. trade policies, including the imposition of tariffs and duties on homebuilding materials and products, and related trade disputes with and retaliatory measures taken by other countries;
the adoption of new or amended financial accounting standards and the guidance and/or interpretations with respect thereto;
the availability and cost of land in desirable areas and our ability to timely develop acquired land parcels and open new home communities;
our warranty claims experience with respect to homes previously delivered and actual warranty costs incurred;
costs and/or charges arising from regulatory compliance requirements or from legal, arbitral or regulatory proceedings, investigations, claims or settlements, including unfavorable outcomes in any such matters resulting in actual or potential monetary damage awards, penalties, fines or other direct or indirect payments, or injunctions, consent decrees or other voluntary or involuntary restrictions or adjustments to our business operations or practices that are beyond our current expectations and/or accruals;
our ability to use/realize the net deferred tax assets we have generated;
our ability to successfully implement our current and planned strategies and initiatives related to our product, geographic and market positioning, gaining share and scale in our served markets and in entering into new markets;
our operational and investment concentration in markets in California;
consumer interest in our new home communities and products, particularly from first-time homebuyers and higher-income consumers;
our ability to generate orders and convert our backlog of orders to home deliveries and revenues, particularly in key markets in California;
our ability to successfully implement our business strategies and achieve any associated financial and operational targets and objectives;

income tax expense volatility associated with stock-based compensation;
the ability of our homebuyers to obtain residential mortgage loans and mortgage banking services;
the performance of mortgage lenders to our homebuyers;
the performance of KBHS;
information technology failures and data security breaches;
an epidemic or pandemic (such as the outbreak and worldwide spread of COVID-19), and the control response measures that international, federal, state and local governments, agencies, law enforcement and/or health authorities implement to address it, which may (as with COVID-19) precipitate or exacerbate one or more of the above-mentioned and/or other risks, and significantly disrupt or prevent us from operating our business in the ordinary course for an extended period;
a continuation of widespread protests and civil unrest related to efforts to institute law enforcement and other social and political reforms, and the impacts of implementing or failing to implement any such reforms; and
other events outside of our control.
Please see our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2019 and other filings with the SEC for a further discussion of these and other risks and uncertainties applicable to our business.
Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There have been no material changes in our market risk since November 30, 2019. For additional information regarding our market risk, refer to the “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2019.
     
Item 4.Controls and Procedures
We have established disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information we are required to disclose in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and

reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“Principal Executive Officer”) and Chief Financial Officer (“Principal Financial Officer”), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Under the supervision and with the participation of senior management, including our Principal Executive Officer and our Principal Financial Officer, we evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of February 29,August 31, 2020.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended February 29,August 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.Legal Proceedings
For a discussion of our legal proceedings, see Note 18 – Legal Matters in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
Except as set forth below, as of the date of this report, there have been no material changes to the risk factors we previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2019.
Our business could be materially and adversely disrupted by an epidemic or pandemic (such as the present outbreak and worldwide spread of COVID-19), or similar public threat, or fear of such an event, and the control response measures that international, federal, state and local governments, agencies, law enforcement and/or health authorities implement to address it.
An epidemic, pandemic or similar serious public health issue, and the measures undertaken by governmental authorities to address it, could significantly disrupt or prevent us from operating our business in the ordinary course for an extended period, and thereby, and/or along with any associated economic and/or social instability or distress, have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial statements.
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization characterized the outbreak of COVID-19 as a global pandemic and recommended containment and mitigation measures. On March 13, 2020, the United States declared a national emergency

concerning the outbreak, and several states and municipalities have declared public health emergencies. Along with these declarations, there have been extraordinary and wide-ranging actions taken by international, federal, state and local public health and governmental authorities to contain and combat the outbreak and spread of COVID-19 in regions across the United States and the world, including quarantines, and “stay-at-home” orders and similar mandates for many individuals to substantially restrict daily activities and for many businesses to curtail or cease normal operations.
In response to these steps, in mid-March, we temporarily closed our sales centers, model homes and design studios to the general public. During this time, we havepublic, shifted to an appointment-only personalized home sales process and prioritized our warranty service activities to respond to emergency repair requests, and otherwise on a by-exception basis, in each case as and where permitted and following recommended distancing and other health and safety protocols when meeting in person with a customer, and we are leveragingcustomer. We also leveraged our virtual sales tools to give customers the ability to shop for a new KB home from their mobile device or personal computer. In addition, we shifted our corporate and division office functions to work remotely. Combined withWe limited our limiting construction operations largely to authorized activities with increased safety measures and experienced a reduction in the availability, capacity and efficiency of municipal and private services necessary to the progress of developing land, development, homebuilding,building homes, completing mortgage loans and delivering homes, which in each case has varied by market depending on the scope of the restrictions local authorities have established, theseestablished. These appropriate measures have tempered our sales pace and delayed home deliveries in the latter part of March and through the date of this report.
Conditions started to improve in late May as state and local governments in our served markets began relaxing the public health restrictions described above and we began to gradually take steps to effectively resume nearly all of our operations. We also prioritizedhave reopened our sales centers, model homes and design studios to the general public, continued to engage with customers using our robust virtual selling capability, including enhanced online tools such as virtual home tours, interactive floor plans, live chats with sales counselors and online consultations with our design studios, and largely resumed providing construction and warranty service activities to respond to emergency repair requests, and otherwise on a by-exception basis. We are uncertain ofservices. However, the potential full magnitude or duration of the business and economic impacts from the unprecedented public health effort to contain and combat the spread of COVID-19, which include, among other things, a recession, high unemployment levels, and significant volatility in financial markets and a sharp decrease in the value of equity securities, including our common stock.stock, have

produced ongoing uncertainty about the overall operating environment going forward. In addition, we can provide no assurance as to whether the COVID-19 public health effort will be intensified to such an extent, particularly in response to any resurgence in infections combined with the seasonal flu, that we will not be able to conduct any business operations in certain of our served markets or at all for an indefinite period. Certain of our served markets have recently seen an increase in COVID-19 cases, and some of the relaxed COVID-19 control responses have been re-instituted.
Our business could also be negatively impacted over the medium-to-longer term if the disruptions related to COVID-19 decrease consumer confidence generally or with respect to purchasing a home; cause civil unrest; unrest, similar to what arose at the end of May related to efforts to institute law enforcement and other social and political reforms and which may also affect our business in the short and/or medium-to-longer term; precipitate a prolonged economic downturn and/or an extended rise in unemployment or tempering of wage growth, any of which couldwould lower demand for our products;products as occurred in our 2020 second quarter; impair our ability to sell and build homes in a typical manner, as occurred in our 2020 second quarter, or at all,all; generate revenues and cash flows, and/or access the Credit Facility or the capital or lending markets (or significantly increase the costs of doing so), as may be necessary to sustain our business; increase the costs or decrease the supply of building materials, and we are seeing some cost pressures, particularly with respect to lumber, that could negatively impact our margins in the 2020 fourth quarter and future periods, or the availability of subcontractors, employees and other talent, including as a result of infections or medically necessary or recommended self-quarantining, which we have experienced to a limited extent in a few locations, or governmental mandates to direct production activities to support public health efforts; and/or result in our recognizing charges in future periods, which may be material, for inventory impairments or land option contract abandonments, or both, related to our current inventory assets. The inherent uncertainty surrounding COVID-19, due in part to rapidly changing governmental directives, public health challenges and progress, and market reactions thereto, also makes it more challenging for our management to estimate the future performance of our business and develop or adjust strategies to generate growth or achieve our initial or any revised objectives for 2020.growth.
Should the adverse impacts described above (or others that are currently unknown) occur, whether individually or collectively, we would expect to experience, among other things, decreases in our net orders, homes delivered, average selling prices, revenues and profitability, as we have in the first few weeks ofdid during our 2020 second quarter, and such impacts could be material to our consolidated financial statements in the secondfourth quarter and beyond. In addition, should the COVID-19 public health effort intensify to such an extent that we cannot operate in most or all of our served markets, we could generate few or no orders and deliver few, if any homes during the applicable period, which could be prolonged. Along with a potentialan increase in cancellations of home purchase contracts, if there are prolonged government restrictions on our business and our customers, and/or an extended economic recession, we could be unable to produce revenues and cash flows sufficient to conduct our business; meet the terms of our covenants and other requirements under the Credit Facility, our senior notes and the related indenture, and/or mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans; service our outstanding debt; or pay any dividends to our stockholders. Such a circumstance could, among other things, exhaust our available liquidity (and ability to access liquidity sources) and/or trigger an acceleration to pay a significant portion or all of our then-outstanding debt obligations, which we may be unable to do.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The following table summarizes our purchases of our own equity securities during the three months ended February 29, 2020:

Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
December 1-31 
 $
 
 2,193,947
January 1-31 
 
 
 2,193,947
February 1-29 155,307
 40.04
 
 2,193,947
Total 155,307
 $40.04
 
  
In May 2018, our board of directors authorized us to repurchase a total of up to 4,000,000 shares of our outstanding common stock.  In 2018, we repurchased 1,806,053 shares of our common stock pursuant to this authorization, at a total cost of $35.0 million. As of November 30, 2019, we had 2,193,947 shares authorized for repurchase. During the three months ended February 29,August 31, 2020, no shares were repurchased pursuant to this authorization.
The shares purchased during the three months ended February 29, 2020 were previously issued shares delivered to us by employees to satisfy withholding taxes on the vesting of PSUs. These transactions are not considered repurchases under the board of directors’ authorization.

Item 6.    Exhibits 
Exhibits  
   
   
31.1 
   
31.2 
   
32.1 
   
32.2 
   
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101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
   
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101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
   
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101).

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 

 
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Registrant
 




DatedApril 1,October 8, 2020 By:/s/ JEFF J. KAMINSKI
    
Jeff J. Kaminski
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
 







DatedApril 1,October 8, 2020 By:/s/ WILLIAM R. HOLLINGER
    
William R. Hollinger
Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)

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