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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(X)    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended: September 30, 20172020
ORor
( )    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ___________ to ___________


Commission File Number: 0-15386

CERNER CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
CERNER CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
cern-20200930_g1.jpg
43-1196944
(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification
Number)
No.)
2800 Rockcreek Parkway
2800 Rockcreek Parkway
North Kansas City, MO
MO64117
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
(816)
(816) 221-1024
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per shareCERNThe Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes     No
Yes [X]     No [  ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes [X]    No [  ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer [X]    Accelerated filer [  ]Filer Accelerated Filer Non-accelerated filer [  ] (do not check if smaller reporting company)Filer Smaller reporting company [  ]Reporting Company Emerging growth company [  ]Growth Company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes [  ]    No [X]
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
ClassOutstanding at October 21, 2020
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share306,589,898 shares



Table of Contents
CERNER CORPORATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part I.Financial Information:
ClassItem 1.Financial Statements:Outstanding at October 19, 2017
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share332,414,896 shares

CERNER CORPORATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part I.Financial Information:
Item 1.Financial Statements:
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Part II.Other Information:
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 6.
Signatures





Table of Contents
Part I. Financial Information


Item 1. Financial Statements


CERNER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of September 30, 20172020 (unaudited) and December 31, 201628, 2019

(In thousands, except share data)2017 2016(In thousands, except share data)20202019
   
Assets   Assets
Current assets:   Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$573,054
 $170,861
Cash and cash equivalents$419,154 $441,843 
Short-term investments278,996
 185,588
Short-term investments473,323 99,931 
Receivables, net1,020,707
 944,943
Receivables, net1,219,227 1,139,595 
Inventory15,687
 14,740
Inventory15,768 23,182 
Prepaid expenses and other343,060
 303,229
Prepaid expenses and other397,487 392,073 
Total current assets2,231,504
 1,619,361
Total current assets2,524,959 2,096,624 
   
Property and equipment, net1,587,035
 1,552,524
Property and equipment, net1,867,600 1,858,772 
Right-of-use assetsRight-of-use assets109,659 123,155 
Software development costs, net802,874
 719,209
Software development costs, net991,649 939,859 
Goodwill851,961
 844,200
Goodwill907,105 883,158 
Intangible assets, net501,299
 566,047
Intangible assets, net330,837 364,439 
Long-term investments112,401
 109,374
Long-term investments423,315 419,419 
Other assets145,182
 219,248
Other assets205,688 209,196 
   
Total assets$6,232,256
 $5,629,963
Total assets$7,360,812 $6,894,622 
   
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity   
Liabilities and Shareholders' EquityLiabilities and Shareholders' Equity
   
Current liabilities:   Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$204,323
 $238,134
Accounts payable$256,449 $273,440 
Current installments of long-term debt and capital lease obligations13,988
 26,197
Deferred revenue327,622
 311,839
Deferred revenue320,294 360,025 
Accrued payroll and tax withholdings202,640
 211,554
Accrued payroll and tax withholdings328,663 245,843 
Other accrued expenses58,292
 57,677
Other current liabilitiesOther current liabilities196,170 148,140 
Total current liabilities806,865
 845,401
Total current liabilities1,101,576 1,027,448 
   
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations521,016
 537,552
Deferred income taxes and other liabilities327,340
 306,263
Deferred revenue13,032
 12,800
Long-term debtLong-term debt1,336,018 1,038,382 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes391,790 377,657 
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities125,141 133,807 
Total liabilities1,668,253
 1,702,016
Total liabilities2,954,525 2,577,294 
   
Shareholders’ Equity:   
Common stock, $.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 356,765,307 shares issued at September 30, 2017 and 353,731,237 shares issued at December 31, 20163,568
 3,537
Shareholders' Equity:Shareholders' Equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 372,272,953 shares issued at September 30, 2020 and 367,634,796 shares issued at December 28, 2019Common stock, $0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 372,272,953 shares issued at September 30, 2020 and 367,634,796 shares issued at December 28, 20193,723 3,676 
Additional paid-in capital1,345,022
 1,230,913
Additional paid-in capital2,196,127 1,905,171 
Retained earnings4,602,208
 4,094,327
Retained earnings6,402,220 5,934,909 
Treasury stock, 24,452,763 shares at September 30, 2017 and 24,089,737 shares at December 31, 2016(1,314,054) (1,290,665)
Treasury stock, 65,919,144 shares at September 30, 2020 and 56,723,546 shares at December 28, 2019Treasury stock, 65,919,144 shares at September 30, 2020 and 56,723,546 shares at December 28, 2019(4,057,768)(3,407,768)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net(72,741) (110,165)Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net(138,015)(118,660)
Total shareholders’ equity4,564,003
 3,927,947
Total shareholders' equityTotal shareholders' equity4,406,287 4,317,328 
   
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$6,232,256
 $5,629,963
Total liabilities and shareholders' equityTotal liabilities and shareholders' equity$7,360,812 $6,894,622 


See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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CERNER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
For the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 20172020 and October 1, 2016September 28, 2019
(unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
(In thousands, except per share data)2017 2016 2017 2016(In thousands, except per share data)2020201920202019
       
Revenues:       
System sales$324,021
 $301,252
 $991,685
 $913,710
Support, maintenance and services927,829
 861,085
 2,763,483
 2,561,474
Reimbursed travel24,157
 22,220
 73,319
 63,470
       
Total revenues1,276,007
 1,184,557
 3,828,487
 3,538,654
RevenuesRevenues$1,368,673 $1,429,428 $4,110,763 $4,250,366 
Costs and expenses:       Costs and expenses:
Cost of system sales105,200
 93,275
 322,884
 296,336
Cost of support, maintenance and services73,547
 67,475
 228,757
 204,313
Cost of reimbursed travel24,157
 22,220
 73,319
 63,470
Costs of revenueCosts of revenue231,889 271,778 698,268 793,655 
Sales and client service564,621
 512,671
 1,688,208
 1,534,763
Sales and client service625,402 707,743 1,907,138 2,026,825 
Software development (Includes amortization of $44,358 and $126,346 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively; and $35,552 and $102,429 for the three and nine months ended October 1, 2016, respectively)153,834
 136,755
 442,570
 405,451
Software development (Includes amortization of $61,578 and $183,786 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively; and $56,786 and $169,036 for the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019, respectively)Software development (Includes amortization of $61,578 and $183,786 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively; and $56,786 and $169,036 for the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019, respectively)186,826 187,526 551,101 548,934 
General and administrative84,178
 87,071
 263,203
 267,232
General and administrative116,816 152,321 391,000 398,305 
Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles22,564
 22,865
 68,126
 68,104
Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles12,789 21,283 43,031 64,809 
       
Total costs and expenses1,028,101
 942,332
 3,087,067
 2,839,669
Total costs and expenses1,173,722 1,340,651 3,590,538 3,832,528 
       
Gain on sale of businessesGain on sale of businesses216,869 216,869 
Operating earnings247,906
 242,225
 741,420
 698,985
Operating earnings411,820 88,777 737,094 417,838 
       
Other income (expense), net2,509
 (417) 4,054
 3,734
Other income, netOther income, net48,020 13,535 78,247 44,973 
       
Earnings before income taxes250,415
 241,808
 745,474
 702,719
Earnings before income taxes459,840 102,312 815,341 462,811 
Income taxes(72,991) (71,829) (215,154) (215,926)Income taxes(103,164)(20,377)(176,758)(87,688)
       
Net earnings$177,424
 $169,979
 $530,320
 $486,793
Net earnings$356,676 $81,935 $638,583 $375,123 
       
Basic earnings per share$0.53
 $0.50
 $1.60
 $1.44
Basic earnings per share$1.17 $0.26 $2.08 $1.17 
Diluted earnings per share$0.52
 $0.49
 $1.57
 $1.41
Diluted earnings per share$1.16 $0.26 $2.07 $1.16 
Basic weighted average shares outstanding331,993
 338,684
 331,319
 338,675
Basic weighted average shares outstanding305,759 315,876 306,759 320,282 
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding338,780
 344,817
 337,946
 344,917
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding308,366 319,113 309,124 323,361 
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).



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CERNER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 20172020 and October 1, 2016September 28, 2019
(unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
(In thousands)2017 2016 2017 2016(In thousands)2020201920202019
       
Net earnings$177,424
 $169,979
 $530,320
 $486,793
Net earnings$356,676 $81,935 $638,583 $375,123 
Foreign currency translation adjustment and other (net of taxes (benefit) of $(100) and $991 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017; and $1,282 and $3,437 for the three and nine months ended October 1, 2016)10,806
 (2,085) 37,369
 (8,557)
Unrealized holding gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments (net of taxes (benefit) of $(1) and $34 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017; and $(188) and $101 for the three and nine months ended October 1, 2016)(2) (308) 55
 164
Foreign currency translation adjustment and other (net of taxes (benefit) of $351 and $688 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020; and $(409) and $(413) for the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019, respectively)Foreign currency translation adjustment and other (net of taxes (benefit) of $351 and $688 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020; and $(409) and $(413) for the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019, respectively)9,611 (11,679)(1,738)(9,458)
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedge (net of taxes (benefit) of $745 and $(5,937) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020; and $(1,327) and $(5,396) for the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019, respectively)Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedge (net of taxes (benefit) of $745 and $(5,937) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020; and $(1,327) and $(5,396) for the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019, respectively)2,265 (4,037)(18,050)(16,407)
Unrealized holding gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments (net of taxes (benefit) of $(73) and $142 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020; and $5 and $286 for the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019, respectively)Unrealized holding gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments (net of taxes (benefit) of $(73) and $142 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020; and $5 and $286 for the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019, respectively)(220)14 433 867 
       
Comprehensive income$188,228
 $167,586
 $567,744
 $478,400
Comprehensive income$368,332 $66,233 $619,228 $350,125 


See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).



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CERNER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the nine months endedSeptember 30, 20172020 and October 1, 2016September 28, 2019
(unaudited)
 Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)20202019
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net earnings$638,583 $375,123 
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization518,987 509,559 
Share-based compensation expense110,500 73,421 
Provision for deferred income taxes21,554 22,793 
Gain on sale of businesses(216,869)
Investment gains(75,834)(24,231)
Changes in assets and liabilities (net of businesses acquired):
Receivables, net(78,695)24,558 
Inventory8,206 1,877 
Prepaid expenses and other(36,664)(75,191)
Accounts payable(60,808)(3,346)
Accrued income taxes33,005 (795)
Deferred revenue(32,071)(89,400)
Other accrued liabilities94,151 61,156 
Net cash provided by operating activities924,045 875,524 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Capital purchases(238,053)(388,588)
Capitalized software development costs(224,710)(211,284)
Purchases of investments(511,378)(317,979)
Sales and maturities of investments213,309 507,258 
Purchase of other intangibles(29,698)(25,794)
Sale of businesses229,471 
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired(35,766)
Net cash used in investing activities(596,825)(436,387)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Long-term debt issuance300,000 600,000 
Repayment of long-term debt(2,500)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options202,680 188,474 
Payments to taxing authorities in connection with shares directly withheld from associates(22,623)(14,994)
Treasury stock purchases(650,000)(1,020,542)
Dividends paid(166,277)(57,293)
Other(6,807)(8,450)
Net cash used in financing activities(345,527)(312,805)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(4,382)(4,028)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(22,689)122,304 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period441,843 374,126 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$419,154 $496,430 
 Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)2017 2016
    
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:   
Net earnings$530,320
 $486,793
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:   
Depreciation and amortization425,241
 371,385
Share-based compensation expense59,217
 56,896
Provision for deferred income taxes36,667
 (25,922)
Changes in assets and liabilities (net of businesses acquired):   
Receivables, net(19,080) 43,699
Inventory(909) (5,590)
Prepaid expenses and other(11,908) (33,801)
Accounts payable(12,651) (19,566)
Accrued income taxes1,984
 53,393
Deferred revenue12,749
 (1,780)
Other accrued liabilities(62,865) (17,809)
    
Net cash provided by operating activities958,765
 907,698
    
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:   
Capital purchases(262,372) (327,861)
Capitalized software development costs(210,033) (228,803)
Purchases of investments(337,010) (387,809)
Sales and maturities of investments237,912
 262,100
Purchase of other intangibles(22,186) (13,222)
    
Net cash used in investing activities(593,689) (695,595)
    
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:   
Proceeds from exercise of stock options61,688
 60,486
Payments to taxing authorities in connection with shares directly withheld from associates(7,989) (38,122)
Treasury stock purchases(23,389) (200,075)
Contingent consideration payments for acquisition of businesses(2,671) (2,074)
    
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities27,639

(179,785)
    
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents9,478
 (2,943)
    
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents402,193
 29,375
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period170,861
 402,122
    
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$573,054
 $431,497
    
Summary of acquisition transactions:   
Fair value of tangible assets acquired$
 $(10,200)
Fair value of intangible assets acquired
 (25,000)
Fair value of goodwill
 46,940
Less: Fair value of liabilities assumed
 (11,740)
    
Net cash used$
 $

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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CERNER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 28, 2019
(unaudited)
Common StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalRetained EarningsTreasury StockAccumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net
(In thousands)SharesAmount
Balance at December 28, 2019367,635 $3,676 $1,905,171 $5,934,909 $(3,407,768)$(118,660)
Exercise of stock options and vests of restricted shares and share units2,543 26 114,050 — — — 
Employee share-based compensation expense— — 35,031 — — — 
Cumulative effect of accounting change (ASU 2016-13)— — — (4,606)— — 
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — (40,703)
Treasury stock purchases— — — — (650,000)— 
Cash dividends declared ($0.18 per share)— — — (55,206)— — 
Net earnings— — — 147,159 — — 
Balance at March 31, 2020370,178 3,702 2,054,252 6,022,256 (4,057,768)(159,363)
Exercise of stock options and vests of restricted shares and share units1,009 10 28,540 — — — 
Employee share-based compensation expense— — 37,549 — — — 
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — 9,692 
Cash dividends declared ($0.18 per share)— — — (55,602)— — 
Net earnings— — — 134,748 — — 
Balance at June 30, 2020371,187 3,712 2,120,341 6,101,402 (4,057,768)$(149,671)
Exercise of stock options and vests of restricted shares and share units1,086 11 37,866 — — — 
Employee share-based compensation expense— — 37,920 — — — 
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — 11,656 
Cash dividends declared ($0.18 per share)— — — (55,858)— — 
Net earnings— — — 356,676 — — 
Balance at September 30, 2020372,273 $3,723 $2,196,127 $6,402,220 $(4,057,768)$(138,015)

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
















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CERNER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (continued)
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 28, 2019
(unaudited)
Common StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalRetained EarningsTreasury StockAccumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net
(In thousands)SharesAmount
Balance at December 29, 2018362,213 $3,622 $1,559,562 $5,576,525 $(2,107,768)$(103,552)
Exercise of stock options and vests of restricted shares and share units706 11,716 — — — 
Employee share-based compensation expense— — 19,860 — — — 
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — 2,958 
Net earnings— — — 166,219 — — 
Balance at March 30, 2019362,919 3,629 1,591,138 5,742,744 (2,107,768)(100,594)
Exercise of stock options and vests of restricted shares and share units1,777 18 108,045 — — — 
Employee share-based compensation expense— — 23,024 — — — 
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — (12,254)
Treasury stock purchases— — — — (600,000)— 
Cash dividends declared ($0.18 per share)— — — (57,682)— — 
Net earnings— — — 126,969 — — 
Balance at June 29, 2019364,696 3,647 1,722,207 5,812,031 (2,707,768)(112,848)
Exercise of stock options and vests of restricted shares and share units1,505 15 54,195 — — — 
Employee share-based compensation expense— — 30,537 — — — 
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — (15,702)
Treasury stock purchases— — — — (400,000)— 
Cash dividends declared ($0.18 per share)— — — (56,982)— — 
Net earnings— — — 81,935 — — 
Balance at September 28, 2019366,201 $3,662 $1,806,939 $5,836,984 $(3,107,768)$(128,550)

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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CERNER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
 
(1) Interim Statement Presentation


Basis of Presentation


The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by Cerner Corporation ("Cerner," the "Company," "we," "us" or "our") without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in our latest annual report on Form 10-K.
In management’smanagement's opinion, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. Our interim results as presented in this Form 10-Q are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the entire year.


The condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared using GAAP. These principles require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates.


Fiscal Period End


OurPrior to fiscal year 2020, our third fiscal quarter endsended on the Saturday closest to September 30. The 2017third quarter and 2016year-to-date periods for 2019 presented herein consisted of 91 days and 273 days, respectively, and ended on September 28, 2019.

In December 2019, our Board of Directors approved the change of our fiscal year to a calendar year, commencing with fiscal year 2020. Accordingly, the third quartersquarter and year-to-date periods for 2020 presented herein consisted of 92 days and 277 days, respectively, and ended on September 30, 2017 and October 1, 2016, respectively. 2020.

All references to yearsperiods in these notes to condensed consolidated financial statements represent the respective three or nine months endedperiods described above ending on such dates,September 30, 2020 and September 28, 2019, unless otherwise noted.


Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information
 Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)20202019
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest (including amounts capitalized of $12,040 and $12,575, respectively)$31,661 $20,756 
Income taxes, net of refunds78,519 65,171 
Non-cash items:
Lease liabilities recorded upon the commencement of operating leases24,499 23,129 
Capital purchases17,395 7,600 

CARES Act

Cash flows from operating activities for the first nine months of 2020 include the impact of $56 million of certain federal payroll taxes related to pay cycles in the second and third quarters of 2020, for which we have deferred remittance to the taxing authority as permitted under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act"). We expect to continue to defer the remittance of such payroll taxes for the remainder of 2020, as permitted by the CARES Act, for which the remittances to the taxing authority are to be paid in equal amounts at the end of 2021 and 2022, respectively. At September 30, 2020, these deferred remittances are included in "Accrued payroll and tax withholdings" in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
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Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 20172020


Share-Based Compensation.Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. In March 2016,the first quarter of 2020, we adopted new guidance regarding impairment assessment for certain financial assets. Refer to Notes (3) and (4) for further details.

Collaborative Arrangements. In November 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation2018-18, Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 718)808): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. ASU 2016-09 impacts several aspectsClarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606, which clarifies when transactions between participants in a collaborative arrangement are within the scope of the accountingFASB's recent revenue standard (Topic 606). Such guidance clarifies revenue recognition and financial statement presentation for share-based payment award transactions including: (1) accounting and cash flow classification for excess tax benefits and deficiencies, (2) forfeitures, and (3) tax withholding requirements and cash flow classification.between collaboration participants. We adopted ASU 2016-09 was effective for the Company2018-18 in the first quarter of 2017. This new2020. Such guidance impacts our condensed consolidated financial statements as follows:

Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-09, when associates exercised stock options, or upon the vesting of restricted stock awards, we recognized any related excess tax benefits or deficiencies (the difference between the deduction for tax purposes and the cumulative compensation cost recognized in the consolidated financial statements) in additional paid-in capital ("APIC"). During the three and nine months ended October 1, 2016, we recognized net excess tax benefits in APIC of $37 million and $48 million, respectively.

Under the new guidance, all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies are recognized as a component of income tax expense. They are not estimated when determining the annual estimated effective tax rate; instead, they are recorded as discrete items in the reporting period they occur. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recognized $5 million and $22 million, respectively, of net excess tax benefits as discrete items, which are included in income taxes in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. These net excess tax benefits recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, resulted in favorable impacts to diluted earnings per share of $0.01 and $0.06, respectively.

This provision of the new guidance may have a significant impact on our future income tax expense, including increased variability in our quarterly effective tax rates. The impact will be dependent on a number of factors, including the price of our common stock, grant activity under our stock and equity plans, and the timing of option exercises by our associates. This provision of the new guidance was required to be applied prospectively. Prior periods have not been retrospectively adjusted.

We utilize the treasury stock method for calculating diluted earnings per share. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-09, this method assumed that any net excess tax benefits generated from the hypothetical exercise of dilutive options were used to repurchase outstanding shares. Assumed share repurchases for net excess tax benefits included in our calculation of diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended October 1, 2016 were 2.1 million shares and 2.0 million shares respectively.

Under the new guidance, excess tax benefits generated from the hypothetical exercise of dilutive options are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share. Therefore, the denominator in our diluted earnings per share calculation has increased (comparatively). We estimate that this provision of the new guidance will reduce our calculation of diluted earnings per share by approximately $0.01 to $0.02 for our fiscal year ended December 30, 2017. This provision of the new guidance was required to be applied prospectively. Prior periods have not been retrospectively adjusted.

Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-09, we presented net excess tax benefits in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows as a cash inflow from financing activities. Under the new guidance, net excess tax benefits are presented within operating activities. We have elected to apply this provision of the new guidance retrospectively. Prior periods have been retrospectively adjusted.

Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-09, we presented cash payments to taxing authorities in connection with shares directly withheld from associates upon the exercise of stock options, or upon the vesting of restricted stock awards, to meet statutory tax withholding requirements (employee withholdings) as a cash outflow from operating activities. Under the new guidance, such payments are presented within financing activities. This provision of the new guidance was required to be applied retrospectively. Prior periods have been retrospectively adjusted.

Under the new guidance, an entity is permitted to make an entity-wide accounting policy election (at adoption) either to estimate the number of forfeitures expected to occur or to account for forfeitures as a reduction to compensation cost when they occur. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-09, we did not change our policy of estimating participant forfeitures as a part of our calculations of share-based compensation cost.

Income Taxes. In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory, which provides new guidance regarding whenhave an entity should recognize the income tax consequences of certain intra-entity asset transfers. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-16, U.S. GAAP prohibited entities from recognizing the income tax consequences of intercompany asset transfers, including transfers of intellectual property. The seller deferred any net tax effect, and the buyer was prohibited from recognizing a deferred tax asset on the difference between the newly created tax basis of the asset in its tax jurisdiction and its financial statement carrying amount as reported in the consolidated financial statements. ASU 2016-16 requires entities to recognize these tax consequences in the period in which the transfer takes place, with the exception of inventory transfers.

ASU 2016-16 is effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2018, with early adoption permitted in the first quarter of 2017. The standard requires the use of the modified retrospective (cumulative effect) transition approach. The Company adopted the standard early, in the first quarter of 2017. In connection with such adoption, we recorded a cumulative effect adjustment reducing prepaid expenses and other, other assets, and retained earnings within our condensed consolidated balance sheets by $8 million, $14 million, and $22 million, respectively. This cumulative effect adjustment includes recognition of the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory that occurred prior to the adoption date. Prior periods were not retrospectively adjusted.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Revenue Recognition. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. ASU 2014-09 will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP. The new standard introduces a five-step process to be followed in determining the amount and timing of revenue recognition. It also provides guidance on accounting for costs incurred to obtain or fulfill contracts with customers, and establishes disclosure requirements which are more extensive than those required under existing U.S. GAAP.

The FASB has issued the following amendments to ASU 2014-09 from August 2015 through September 2017:
ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date
ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Consideration (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)
ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing
ASU 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients
ASU 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers
ASU 2017-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Leases (Topic 840), and Leases (Topic 842): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to the Staff Announcement at the July 20, 2017 EITF Meeting and Rescission of Prior SEC Staff Announcements and Observer Comments
Such amendments provide supplemental and clarifying guidance, as well as amend the effective date of the new standard.
ASU 2014-09, as amended, is effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2018, with early adoption permitted in the first quarter of 2017. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or modified retrospective (cumulative effect) transition method.
In 2015, we formed a cross-functional implementation team and began our analysis of this new guidance. Such analysis includes assessment of the impact of the new guidance on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, as well as related impacts on processes, accounting systems, and internal controls. Based on our analysis to-date, we have reached the following tentative conclusions regarding this new guidance and how we expect it to impact our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures:
We will adopt this new guidance effective with our first quarter of 2018.
We will use the cumulative effect transition method. Such method provides that the cumulative effect from prior periods upon applying the new guidance is recognized in our consolidated balance sheets as of the date of adoption, including an adjustment to retained earnings. Prior periods will not be retrospectively adjusted.
We believe substantially all of our revenue falls within the scope of ASU 2014-09, as amended; substantially all of our revenue is contractual.
Generally, our subscription and content fees revenue is recognized ratably over the respective contract terms ("over time"). Upon adoption of the new guidance, we expect to recognize a license component of certain subscription and content fees revenue upon delivery to the customer ("point in time") and a non-license component (i.e. support) of such revenues over the respective contract terms ("over time"). At the date of adoption of this new guidance, we expect to record a cumulative adjustment to our consolidated balance sheet, including an adjustment to retained earnings, to adjust for the impact of certain prior period subscription and content fees revenue, as calculated under the new guidance.
For certain of our arrangements, revenue for software, implementation services and, in certain cases, support services for which vendor specific objective evidence (VSOE) of fair value cannot be established are accounted for as a single unit of accounting. If VSOE of fair value cannot be established for both the implementation services and the support services, the entire arrangement fee is recognized ratably ("over time") over the period during which the implementation services are expected to be performed or the support period, whichever is longer, beginning with delivery of the software, provided that all other revenue recognition criteria are met. Upon adoption of the new guidance, the concept of VSOE of fair value is eliminated. Consideration for an arrangement is allocated to performance obligations based on stand-alone selling price or an estimate of stand-alone selling price. With this change, we expect to be able to allocate consideration to the various elements within arrangements currently accounted for as a single unit of accounting. Such revenue will then be recognized as each performance obligation is delivered (i.e. "point in time" for software) or as provided to the customer (i.e. "over time" for implementation services and support services). At the date of adoption of this new guidance, we expect to record a cumulative adjustment to our consolidated balance sheet, including an adjustment to retained earnings, to adjust for the impact

of certain software, implementation services, and support services delivered in prior periods, as calculated under the new guidance.
We have determined the only significant incremental costs incurred to obtain contracts with customers within the scope of ASU 2014-09, as amended, are sales commissions paid to associates. Under current U.S. GAAP, we recognize sales commissions as earned, and record such amounts as a component of total costs and expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. We recognized sales commission expense of $44 million, $45 million and $35 million in the 2016, 2015, and 2014 annual periods, respectively. Under the new guidance, we expect to record sales commissions as an asset, and amortize to expense over the related contract performance period. At the date of adoption of this new guidance, we expect to record an asset in our consolidated balance sheets for the amount of unamortized sales commissions for prior periods, as calculated under the new guidance. Such amount will subsequently be amortized to expense over the remaining performance periods of the related contracts with remaining performance obligations. We currently estimate the amount of this asset to approximate $80 million. Such estimate is preliminary and subject to change as we finalize our implementation process.
In connection with the expected cumulative adjustments described above, we also expect to record a cumulative adjustment to our consolidated balance sheet, including an adjustment to retained earnings, for the related impact on deferred income taxes from such adjustments.
Our analysis and evaluation of the new standard will continue through the effective date in the first quarter of 2018. A significant amount of work remains due to the complexity of revenue recognition within our industry, the increased number of judgments and estimates required by this new guidance, and the volume of our contract portfolio which must be examined. We must quantify all impacts of this new guidance, including the topics discussed above, which may be material to our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. We must also implement any necessary changes/modifications to processes, accounting systems, and internal controls.

Financial Instruments. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. Such guidance will impact how we account for our investments reported under the cost method of accounting as follows:

Equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) will be required to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net earnings. However, an entity may choose to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer.

The impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values will require a qualitative assessment to identify impairment. When a qualitative assessment indicates that impairment exists, an entity is required to measure the investment at fair value.

ASU 2016-01 is effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2018, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-01 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, and we have determined that we will not early adopt.disclosures.


Leases.Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Reference Rate Reform. In February 2016,March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 842)848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which introduces a new model that requires most leasesprovides optional financial reporting alternatives to be reported onreduce the balance sheetcost and aligns manycomplexity associated with the accounting for contracts and hedging relationships affected by reference rate reform, such as the upcoming discontinuance of the underlying principlesLondon Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"). The accommodations within ASU 2020-04 may be applied prospectively from the beginning of the new lessor model with those in the new revenue recognition standard. The standard requires the use of the modified retrospective (cumulative effect) transition approach. ASU 2016-02 is effective for the Company in theour 2020 first quarter of 2019, with early adoption permitted.through December 31, 2022. We are currently evaluating the effect that ASU 2016-02 will2020-04 may have on our consolidated financial statementscontracts that reference LIBOR, specifically, our Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (as amended, the "Credit Agreement") and related disclosures, andinterest rate swap. As of the date of this filing, we dohave not elected to apply any of the provisions of this standard.

(2) Revenue Recognition

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables present revenues disaggregated by our business models:

Three Months Ended
20202019
(In thousands)Domestic
Segment
International
Segment
TotalDomestic
Segment
International
Segment
Total
Licensed software$159,327 $12,367 $171,694 $144,599 $9,934 $154,533 
Technology resale45,217 1,896 47,113 65,103 5,072 70,175 
Subscriptions87,878 5,529 93,407 85,230 6,674 91,904 
Professional services433,127 46,768 479,895 446,562 60,893 507,455 
Managed services280,827 31,017 311,844 272,933 29,502 302,435 
Support and maintenance219,682 40,296 259,978 227,131 50,163 277,294 
Reimbursed travel4,711 31 4,742 23,705 1,927 25,632 
Total revenues$1,230,769 $137,904 $1,368,673 $1,265,263 $164,165 $1,429,428 

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Nine Months Ended
20202019
(In thousands)Domestic SegmentInternational SegmentTotalDomestic SegmentInternational SegmentTotal
Licensed software$444,774 $37,114 $481,888 $466,105 $40,018 $506,123 
Technology resale126,042 14,675 140,717 169,112 17,338 186,450 
Subscriptions260,095 19,749 279,844 246,505 19,460 265,965 
Professional services1,295,759 156,564 1,452,323 1,313,701 169,500 1,483,201 
Managed services836,242 92,114 928,356 818,818 85,661 904,479 
Support and maintenance663,399 144,296 807,695 679,214 151,454 830,668 
Reimbursed travel19,086 854 19,940 68,750 4,730 73,480 
Total revenues$3,645,397 $465,366 $4,110,763 $3,762,205 $488,161 $4,250,366 


The following tables present our revenues disaggregated by timing of revenue recognition:

Three Months Ended
20202019
(In thousands)Domestic
Segment
International
Segment
TotalDomestic
Segment
International
Segment
Total
Revenue recognized over time$1,143,515 $132,891 $1,276,406 $1,143,470 $155,017 $1,298,487 
Revenue recognized at a point in time87,254 5,013 92,267 121,793 9,148 130,941 
Total revenues$1,230,769 $137,904 $1,368,673 $1,265,263 $164,165 $1,429,428 

Nine Months Ended
20202019
(In thousands)Domestic SegmentInternational SegmentTotalDomestic SegmentInternational SegmentTotal
Revenue recognized over time$3,410,827 $437,791 $3,848,618 $3,403,965 $445,320 $3,849,285 
Revenue recognized at a point in time234,570 27,575 262,145 358,240 42,841 401,081 
Total revenues$3,645,397 $465,366 $4,110,763 $3,762,205 $488,161 $4,250,366 

Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligations

As of September 30, 2020, the aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) for executed contracts approximates $13.01 billion of which we expect to early adopt.recognize approximately 30% of the revenue over the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter.


Contract Liabilities

Customer payments received in advance of satisfaction of the related performance obligations are deferred as contract liabilities. Such amounts are classified in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as "Deferred revenue". During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized $306 million of revenues that were included in our contract liability balance at the beginning of such period.

Significant Customers

A certain customer within our Domestic segment comprised 19% and 12% of our consolidated revenues for the third quarters of 2020 and 2019, respectively; and 17% and 11% for the first nine months of 2020 and 2019, respectively. Amounts due from this same customer comprised 14% of client receivables as of September 30, 2020.

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(3) Receivables

A summary of net receivables is as follows:
(In thousands)September 30, 2020December 28, 2019
Client receivables$1,370,394 $1,245,670 
Less: Provision for expected credit losses151,167 106,075 
Total receivables, net$1,219,227 $1,139,595 

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of our provision for expected credit losses is as follows:

(In thousands)
Provision for expected credit losses - balance at December 28, 2019$106,075 
Cumulative effect of accounting change (ASU 2016-13)4,606 
Additions charged to costs and expenses54,636 
Deductions(14,150)
Provision for expected credit losses - balance at September 30, 2020$151,167 

During the first nine months of 2020 and 2019, we received total client cash collections of $4.09 billion and $4.23 billion, respectively.

Expected Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which provides a new guidance regarding the measurement and recognition of credit impairment model for certain financial assets.assets that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Such guidance will impactimpacts how we determine our allowance for estimated uncollectible receivables and evaluate our available-for-sale investments for impairment. ASU 2016-13 is effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2020, with early adoption permitted in the first quarter of 2019. We are currently evaluating the effect that ASU 2016-13 will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, and we have not determined if we will early adopt.

Callable Debt Securities. In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities, which shortens the amortization period for certain investments in callable debt securities purchased at a premium by requiring the premium be amortized to the earliest call date. Such guidance will impact how premiums are amortized on our available-for-sale investments. ASU 2017-08 is effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2019, with early adoption permitted.client receivables. The standard requires the use of the modified retrospective (cumulative effect) transition approach. approach as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance was effective, which for the Company was the first quarter of 2020. Under this transition method, the cumulative effect from prior periods upon applying this new guidance was recognized in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 29, 2019. We did not recast comparative periods.

A summary of such cumulative effect adjustment is as follows:
(In thousands)Increase/(Decrease)
Receivables, net$(4,606)
Retained earnings(4,606)

The cumulative effect adjustment is the result of providing an allowance on unbilled client receivables, for which we have an unconditional right to invoice and receive payment in the future.

Our estimates of expected credit losses for client receivables at both December 29, 2019 and September 30, 2020, were primarily based on historical credit loss experience and adjustments for certain asset-specific risk characteristics (i.e. known client financial hardship or bankruptcy). Exposure to credit losses may increase if our clients are adversely affected by changes in healthcare laws, reimbursement or payor models; economic pressures or uncertainty associated with local or global economic recessions; disruption associated with the COVID-19 pandemic; or other client-specific factors. Although we have historically not experienced significant credit losses, it is possible that there could be an adverse impact from potential adjustments to the carrying amount of client receivables as clients' cash flows are impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and related economic uncertainty, which may be material.

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(4) Investments

Available-for-sale investments at September 30, 2020 were as follows:
(In thousands)Adjusted CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds$56,855 $— $— $56,855 
Time deposits19,676 — — 19,676 
Commercial Paper1,600 — — 1,600 
Government and corporate bonds1,150 — — 1,150 
Total cash equivalents79,281 — — 79,281 
Short-term investments:
Time deposits21,248 — — 21,248 
Commercial paper259,000 22 (7)259,015 
Government and corporate bonds192,536 559 (35)193,060 
Total short-term investments472,784 581 (42)473,323 
Long-term investments:
Government and corporate bonds91,605 180 (78)91,707 
Total available-for-sale investments$643,670 $761 $(120)$644,311 

Available-for-sale investments at December 28, 2019 were as follows:
(In thousands)Adjusted CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds$185,666 $— $— $185,666 
Time deposits64,286 — — 64,286 
Total cash equivalents249,952 — — 249,952 
Short-term investments:
Time deposits2,506 — — 2,506 
Government and corporate bonds83,272 52 (11)83,313 
Total short-term investments85,778 52 (11)85,819 
Long-term investments:
Government and corporate bonds96,186 91 (67)96,210 
Total available-for-sale investments$431,916 $143 $(78)$431,981 

We sold available-for-sale investments for proceeds of $5 million and $181 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 28, 2019, respectively, resulting in insignificant gains/losses in each period.

Other Investments

At September 30, 2020 and December 28, 2019, we had investments in equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values of $320 million and $314 million, respectively, accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic ("ASC") 321, Investments-Equity Securities. Such investments are included in "Long-term investments" in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We did not record any changes in the measurement of such investments during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 28, 2019, respectively.

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At June 30, 2020 and December 28, 2019, we had investments in equity securities with readily determinable fair values of $41 million and $14 million, respectively, accounted for in accordance with ASC 321. Such investments were included in "Short-term investments" in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the measurement of such investments favorably impacted "Other income, net" by $49 million and $76 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and $9 million for both the three and nine months ended September 28, 2019. In August 2020, we sold these investments for cash proceeds of $90 million.

At September 30, 2020 and December 28, 2019, we had investments in equity securities reported under the equity method of accounting of $11 million and $9 million, respectively. Such investments are included in "Long-term investments" in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Impairment Assessment

We adopted ASU 2016-13 in the first quarter of 2020, which made certain amendments to the model used to assess available-for-sale debt securities for impairment. Such guidance provides that an available-for-sale debt security is impaired if the fair value of the security is less than its amortized cost basis. A determination is made whether the decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis has resulted from a credit loss or other factors, such as market liquidity or changes in interest rates. Impairment related to credit losses is recognized in net earnings, whereas impairment related to other factors is recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we did not recognize any impairment on our available-for-sale debt securities through net earnings.

(5) Long-term Debt

The following is a summary of indebtedness outstanding:
(In thousands)September 30, 2020December 28, 2019
Credit agreement loans due May 5, 2024$600,000 $600,000 
Senior notes:
Series 2020-A due March 11, 2030300,000 
Series 2015-A due February 15, 2022225,000 225,000 
Series 2015-B due February 14, 2025200,000 200,000 
Other11,662 14,162 
Total indebtedness1,336,662 1,039,162 
Less: debt issuance costs(644)(780)
Long-term debt$1,336,018 $1,038,382 

Credit Agreement

As of September 30, 2020, the interest rate on revolving credit loans outstanding under our Credit Agreement was 0.95% based on LIBOR plus the applicable spread.

We are currently evaluatingexposed to market risk from fluctuations in the effect that ASU 2017-08 will havevariable interest rates on outstanding indebtedness under our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, andCredit Agreement. In order to manage this exposure, we have not determined ifentered into an interest rate swap agreement to hedge the variability of cash flows associated with such interest obligations. The interest rate swap is designated as a cash flow hedge, which effectively fixes the interest rate on the hedged indebtedness under our Credit Agreement at 3.06%. At September 30, 2020 and December 28, 2019, this swap was in a net liability position with an aggregate fair value of $41 million and $17 million, respectively; which is presented in our condensed consolidated balance sheets in "Other current liabilities".

Series 2020-A Senior Notes

In March 2020, we will early adopt.issued $300 million aggregate principal amount of 2.50% senior unsecured Series 2020-A notes (the "Series 2020-A Notes") due March 11, 2030, pursuant to a Master Note Agreement we entered into in November 2019, and subsequently amended on October 8, 2020 (collectively and as amended, the "2019 Shelf Agreement"). Interest on

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(2)the Series 2020-A Notes is payable semiannually on each March 11 and September 11, commencing September 11, 2020, and the principal balance is due at maturity. The Company may prepay at any time all, or any part of, the outstanding principal amount of the Series 2020-A Notes, subject to the payment of a make-whole amount. The Series 2020-A Notes are subject to the terms of the 2019 Shelf Agreement, which contains customary events of default and covenants related to limitations on indebtedness and transactions with affiliates and the maintenance of certain financial ratios. As of the date of this filing, $1.50 billion remains available for sale under the 2019 Shelf Agreement, which is uncommitted and subject to participation by the purchasers.

(6) Fair Value Measurements


We determine fair value measurements used in our consolidated financial statements based upon the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (2) an entity’sentity's own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:
 
Level 1 – Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity has the ability to access.
Level 2 – Valuations based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 – Valuations based on inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.


The following table details our financial assetsinvestments in available-for-sale debt securities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2017:2020:

(In thousands)    (In thousands)Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 Fair Value Measurements Using
Description Balance Sheet Classification Level 1 Level 2 Level 3DescriptionBalance Sheet ClassificationLevel 1Level 2Level 3
      
Money market funds Cash equivalents $319,668
 $
 $
Money market fundsCash equivalents$56,855 $— $
Time deposits Cash equivalents 
 51,426
 
Time depositsCash equivalents— 19,676 
Commercial paper Cash equivalents 
 23,550
 
Commercial paperCash equivalents— 1,600 — 
Government and corporate bonds Cash equivalents 
 500
 
Government and corporate bondsCash equivalents— 1,150 — 
Time deposits Short-term investments 
 32,808
 
Time depositsShort-term investments— 21,248 
Commercial paper Short-term investments 
 87,874
 
Commercial paperShort-term investments— 259,015 
Government and corporate bonds Short-term investments 
 158,314
 
Government and corporate bondsShort-term investments— 193,060 
Government and corporate bonds Long-term investments 
 99,032
 
Government and corporate bondsLong-term investments— 91,707 


The following table details our financial assetsinvestments in available-for-sale debt securities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2016:28, 2019:

(In thousands)Fair Value Measurements Using
DescriptionBalance Sheet ClassificationLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Money market fundsCash equivalents$185,666 $— $
Time depositsCash equivalents— 64,286 
Time depositsShort-term investments— 2,506 
Government and corporate bondsShort-term investments— 83,313 
Government and corporate bondsLong-term investments— 96,210 
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(In thousands)    
    Fair Value Measurements Using
Description Balance Sheet Classification Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
         
Money market funds Cash equivalents $23,110
 $
 $
Time deposits Cash equivalents 
 11,477
 
Time deposits Short-term investments 
 40,639
 
Commercial paper Short-term investments 
 22,301
 
Government and corporate bonds Short-term investments 
 122,648
 
Government and corporate bonds Long-term investments 
 95,368
 

Our investments in equity securities with readily determinable fair values accounted for in accordance with ASC 321 were measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis using a Level 2 valuation. The fair value of such arrangements was based on quoted prices in active markets, reduced by a percentage reflecting a discount for lack of marketability.

Our interest rate swap agreement is measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis using a Level 2 valuation. The fair value of such agreement is based on the market standard methodology of netting the discounted expected future variable cash receipts and the discounted future fixed cash payments. The variable cash receipts are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observed market interest rate forward curves. Since these inputs are observable in active markets over the terms that the instrument is held, the derivative is classified as Level 2 in the hierarchy.

We estimate the fair value of our long-term, fixed rate debt using a Level 3 discounted cash flow analysis based on current borrowing rates for debt with similar maturities. We estimate the fair value of our long-term, variable rate debt using a Level 3 discounted cash flow analysis based on LIBOR rate forward curves. The fair value of our long-term debt including current maturities, at September 30, 20172020 and December 31, 201628, 2019 was approximately $517 million$1.34 billion and $515 million,$1.07 billion, respectively. The carrying amount of such debt at both September 30, 20172020 and December 31, 201628, 2019 was $500 million.$1.33 billion and $1.03 billion, respectively.


(3) Available-for-sale Investments

(7) Gain on Sale of Businesses
Available-for-sale investments at September 30, 2017
Germany and Spain

On July 1, 2020, we sold certain of our business operations, primarily conducted in Germany and Spain, to affiliates of CompuGroup Medical SE & Co. KGaA ("CGM"), as a part of our portfolio management strategy. Such operations included the associates, intellectual property, client contracts, other assets, and liabilities related to our medico®, Selene®, Soarian Health Archive®, and Soarian® Integrated Care solution offerings. We received a sale price of $227 million, which is subject to post-closing adjustments for working capital and certain other adjustments.

The following table presents a reconciliation of the sale price to the net gain recognized on the disposed business operations which is included in "Gain on sale of businesses" in our condensed consolidated statements of operations:

(In thousands)
Sale price$226,623 
Net assets/(liabilities) removed(7,617)
Transaction expenses(5,573)
Foreign currency1,263 
Gain on sale of businesses$214,696 

The following table presents a reconciliation of the sale price to the cash proceeds received from CGM which are included in "Sale of businesses" in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

(In thousands)
Sale price$226,623 
VAT and other transaction taxes, net(2,142)
Cash received from sale of businesses$224,481 


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Amounts included in our condensed consolidated balance sheets related to the disposed business operations immediately prior to the sale on July 1, 2020 were as follows:

(In thousands) Adjusted Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value
         
Cash equivalents:        
Money market funds $319,668
 $
 $
 $319,668
Time deposits 51,426
 
 
 51,426
Commercial paper 23,550
 
 
 23,550
Government and corporate bonds 500
 
 
 500
Total cash equivalents 395,144
 
 
 395,144
         
Short-term investments:        
Time deposits 32,808
 
 
 32,808
Commercial paper 87,916
 2
 (44) 87,874
Government and corporate bonds 158,532
 2
 (220) 158,314
Total short-term investments 279,256
 4
 (264) 278,996
         
Long-term investments:        
Government and corporate bonds 99,226
 
 (194) 99,032
         
Total available-for-sale investments $773,626

$4

$(458)
$773,172
(In thousands)Asset/(Liability)
Receivables, net$7,334 
Inventory65 
Prepaid expenses and other5,759 
Property and equipment, net336 
Right-of-use assets554 
Software development costs, net5,532 
Goodwill7,692 
Intangible assets, net3,687 
Accounts payable(1,631)
Deferred revenue(16,655)
Accrued payroll and tax withholdings(4,545)
Other current liabilities(511)
Net assets/(liabilities)$7,617 


Available-for-sale investments at December 31, 2016 were as follows:Revenue Cycle Outsourcing

(In thousands) Adjusted Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value
         
Cash equivalents:        
Money market funds $23,110
 $
 $
 $23,110
Time deposits 11,477
 
 
 11,477
Total cash equivalents 34,587
 
 
 34,587
         
Short-term investments:        
Time deposits 40,639
 
 
 40,639
Commercial paper 22,325
 
 (24) 22,301
Government and corporate bonds 122,729
 3
 (84) 122,648
Total short-term investments 185,693
 3
 (108) 185,588
         
Long-term investments:        
Government and corporate bonds 95,806
 
 (438) 95,368
         
Total available-for-sale investments $316,086
 $3
 $(546) $315,543

WeOn August 3, 2020, we sold available-for-sale investments for proceeds of $29 million and $92 million during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2017 and October 1, 2016, respectively, resulting in insignificant gains in each period.

(4) Receivables

A summary of net receivables is as follows:
(In thousands)September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016
    
Gross accounts receivable$1,065,903
 $958,843
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts59,673
 43,028
    
Accounts receivable, net of allowance1,006,230
 915,815
    
Current portion of lease receivables14,477
 29,128
    
Total receivables, net$1,020,707
 $944,943

During the second quarter of 2008, Fujitsu Services Limited’s ("Fujitsu") contract as the prime contractor in the National Health Service ("NHS") initiative to automate clinical processes and digitize medical records in the Southern region of England was terminated. This had the effectcertain of our subcontract forrevenue cycle outsourcing business operations to affiliates of R1 RCM Inc., as a part of our portfolio management strategy. Such operations included the project being terminated. We continue to be in dispute with Fujitsu regarding Fujitsu’s obligation to pay the amounts comprised of accounts receivableassociates, client contracts, certain other assets, and contracts receivablecertain liabilities related to that subcontract,our commercial revenue cycle outsourcing services business. A net gain of $2 million was recognized on the disposed business operations and we are working with Fujitsuis included in "Gain on sale of businesses" in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Amounts included in our condensed consolidated balance sheets related to resolve these issues basedthe disposed business operations immediately prior to the sale on processes provided for in the contract. Part of that process requires final resolution of disputes between Fujitsu and the NHS regarding the contract termination. As of September 30, 2017, it remains unlikely thatAugust 3, 2020 were not material to our matter with Fujitsu will be resolved in the next 12 months. Therefore, these receivables have been classified as long-term and represent less than the majority of other long-term assets at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. While the ultimate collectability of the receivables pursuant to this process is uncertain, we believe that we have valid and equitable grounds for recovery of such amounts and that collection of recorded amounts is probable. Nevertheless, it is reasonably possible that our estimates regarding collectability of such amounts might materially change in the near term, considering that we do not have complete knowledge of the status of the proceedings between Fujitsu and NHS and their effect on our claim.condensed consolidated financial statements.


During the first nine months of 2017 and 2016, we received total client cash collections of $4.1 billion and $3.8 billion, respectively.
(5)(8) Income Taxes


We determine the tax provision for interim periods using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if our estimated tax rate changes, we make a cumulative adjustment.

Our effective tax rate was 28.9%21.7% and 30.7%18.9% for the first nine months of 20172020 and 2016,2019, respectively. The decreaseincrease in the effective tax rate in 2017the first nine months of 2020 is primarily due to a result of the inclusion ofdecrease in net excess tax benefits recognized as a discrete item withincomponent of income tax expense in connection with the tax provision, upon our adoptionexercise of ASU 2016-09stock options and the vesting of restricted share and share unit awards. Also contributing to the increase, are taxes associated with the divestiture transactions that closed in the firstthird quarter of 2017. Refer to2020, as further discussed in Note (1) for further discussion regarding our adoption(7).

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Table of ASU 2016-09 and its impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.Contents


(6)(9) Earnings Per Share


A reconciliation of the numerators and the denominators of the basic and diluted per share computations are as follows:
Three Months Ended
 20202019
 EarningsSharesPer-ShareEarningsSharesPer-Share
(In thousands, except per share data)(Numerator)(Denominator)Amount(Numerator)(Denominator)Amount
Basic earnings per share:
Income available to common shareholders$356,676 305,759 $1.17 $81,935 315,876 $0.26 
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options, non-vested shares and share units— 2,607 — 3,237 
Diluted earnings per share:
Income available to common shareholders including assumed conversions$356,676 308,366 $1.16 $81,935 319,113 $0.26 
 Three Months Ended
 2017 2016
 Earnings Shares Per-Share Earnings Shares Per-Share
(In thousands, except per share data)(Numerator) (Denominator) Amount (Numerator) (Denominator) Amount
            
Basic earnings per share:           
Income available to common shareholders$177,424
 331,993
 $0.53
 $169,979
 338,684
 $0.50
Effect of dilutive securities:           
Stock options and non-vested shares
 6,787
   
 6,133
  
Diluted earnings per share:           
Income available to common shareholders including assumed conversions$177,424
 338,780
 $0.52
 $169,979
 344,817
 $0.49


For the three months ended September 30, 20172020 and October 1, 2016,September 28, 2019, options to purchase 11.03.9 million and 8.17.7 million shares of common stock at per share prices ranging from $50.04$55.24 to $73.40$76.49 and $47.84$54.87 to $73.40,$75.83, respectively, were outstanding but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive.

Nine Months EndedNine Months Ended
2017 201620202019
Earnings Shares Per-Share Earnings Shares Per-ShareEarningsSharesPer-ShareEarningsSharesPer-Share
(In thousands, except per share data)(Numerator) (Denominator) Amount (Numerator) (Denominator) Amount(In thousands, except per share data)(Numerator)(Denominator)Amount(Numerator)(Denominator)Amount
           
Basic earnings per share:           Basic earnings per share:
Income available to common shareholders$530,320
 331,319
 $1.60
 $486,793
 338,675
 $1.44
Income available to common shareholders$638,583 306,759 $2.08 $375,123 320,282 $1.17 
Effect of dilutive securities:           Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options and non-vested shares
 6,627
   
 6,242
  
Stock options, non-vested shares and share unitsStock options, non-vested shares and share units— 2,365 — 3,079 
Diluted earnings per share:           Diluted earnings per share:
Income available to common shareholders including assumed conversions$530,320
 337,946
 $1.57
 $486,793
 344,917
 $1.41
Income available to common shareholders including assumed conversions$638,583 309,124 $2.07 $375,123 323,361 $1.16 


For the nine months ended September 30, 20172020 and October 1, 2016,September 28, 2019, options to purchase 10.44.4 million and 7.210.1 million shares of common stock at per share prices ranging from $47.38$52.32 to $73.40$76.49 and $47.38$51.87 to $73.40,$75.83, respectively, were outstanding but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive.



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(10) Share-Based Compensation and Equity


Stock Options


Stock option activity for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 20172020 was as follows:
(In thousands, except per share and term data)Number of
Shares
Weighted-
Average
Exercise 
Price
(Per Share)
Aggregate
Intrinsic 
Value
Weighted-Average 
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Yrs)
Outstanding at beginning of year15,416 $56.36 
Granted72.36 
Exercised(4,009)50.67 
Forfeited and expired(228)61.32 
Outstanding as of September 30, 202011,182 58.31 $156,372 5.70
Exercisable as of September 30, 20207,248 $56.87 $111,738 4.85
(In thousands, except per share data)
Number of
Shares
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise 
Price
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic 
Value
 
Weighted-Average      
Remaining      
Contractual
 Term (Yrs)      
Outstanding at beginning of year23,601
 $40.33
    
Granted4,194
 63.25
    
Exercised(2,685) 25.03
    
Forfeited and expired(850) 57.35
    
Outstanding as of September 30, 201724,260
 45.39
 $629,257
 5.99
        
Exercisable as of September 30, 201712,802
 $32.88
 $492,125
 3.82


The weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair value, under the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model, of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 20172020 were as follows:

Expected volatility (%) 26.7%
Expected term (yrs) 7
Risk-free rate (%) 2.1%
Fair value per option $20.47
Expected volatility (%)24.5 %
Expected dividend rate (%)%
Expected term (yrs)6
Risk-free rate (%)1.1 %
Fair value per option$16.64 

As of September 30, 2017,2020, there was $167$58 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options granted under all plans. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.462.12 years.

Non-vested Shares and Share Units


Non-vested share and share unit activity for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 20172020 was as follows:
(In thousands, except per share data)Number of SharesWeighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding at beginning of year2,634 $65.30 
Granted2,520 69.99 
Vested(946)66.30 
Forfeited(97)67.24 
Outstanding as of September 30, 20204,111 $67.90 
(In thousands, except per share data)Number of Shares 
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value
    
Outstanding at beginning of year354
 $61.12
Granted586
 66.86
Vested(158) 57.79
Forfeited(10) 57.02
   ��
Outstanding as of September 30, 2017772
 $66.21

As of September 30, 2017,2020, there was $36$223 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share and share unit awards granted under all plans. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.651.96 years.

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Share-Based Compensation Cost


The following table presents total compensation expense recognized with respect to stock options, non-vested shares and share units, and our associate stock purchase plan:
 Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
(In thousands)2020201920202019
Stock option and non-vested share and share unit compensation expense$37,920 $30,537 $110,500 $73,421 
Associate stock purchase plan expense1,367 1,321 4,195 4,612 
Amounts capitalized in software development costs, net of amortization(1,150)(76)(2,971)70 
Amounts charged against earnings, before income tax benefit$38,137 $31,782 $111,724 $78,103 
Amount of related income tax benefit recognized in earnings$7,818 $6,330 $22,452 $14,888 
 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)2017 2016 2017 2016
        
Stock option and non-vested share and share unit compensation expense$19,858
 $18,942
 $59,217
 $56,896
Associate stock purchase plan expense1,546
 1,503
 4,516
 4,722
Amounts capitalized in software development costs, net of amortization(45) (95) (365) (486)
        
Amounts charged against earnings, before income tax benefit$21,359
 $20,350
 $63,368
 $61,132
        
Amount of related income tax benefit recognized in earnings$6,226
 $6,045
 $18,289
 $18,793


Treasury Stock


In May 2017,Under our current share repurchase program, which was initially approved by our Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program that allowsin May 2017 and most recently amended in December 2019, the Company is authorized to repurchase up to $3.70 billion of shares of our common stock, up to $500 million, excluding transaction costs. The repurchases are to be effectuated in the open market, by block purchase, in privately negotiated transactions, or through other transactions managed by broker-dealers. No time limit was set for the completion of thisthe program.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2020, we repurchased 0.49.2 million shares for total consideration of $23 million. These$650 million under the program. The shares were recorded as treasury stock and accounted for under the cost method. No repurchased shares have been retired. As of September 30, 2017, an aggregate of $577 million remained2020, $1.03 billion remains available for repurchase under the program.

Dividends
On September 10, 2020, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.18 per share repurchase programs.on our issued and outstanding common stock, which was paid on October 13, 2020 to shareholders of record as of September 25, 2020. On May 21, 2020, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.18 per share on our issued and outstanding common stock, which was paid on July 17, 2020 to shareholders of record as of June 5, 2020. On March 19, 2020, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.18 per share on our issued and outstanding common stock, which was paid on April 17, 2020 to shareholders of record as of April 3, 2020. In connection with the declaration of such dividends, our non-vested shares and share units are entitled to dividend equivalents, which will be payable to the holder subject to, and upon vesting of, the underlying awards. Our outstanding stock options are not entitled to dividend or dividend equivalents. At both September 30, 2020 and December 28, 2019, our condensed consolidated balance sheets included liabilities for dividends payable of $56 million, which are included in "Other current liabilities".



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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net (AOCI)

The components of AOCI, net of tax, were as follows:
 Foreign currency translation adjustment and otherUnrealized loss on cash flow hedgeUnrealized holding gain (loss) on available-for-sale investmentsTotal
(In thousands)
Balance at December 28, 2019$(106,347)$(12,578)$265 $(118,660)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications(20,546)(20,430)(849)(41,825)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI1,122 1,122 
Balance at March 31, 2020(126,893)(31,886)(584)(159,363)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications9,197 (3,205)1,502 7,494 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI2,198 2,198 
Balance at June 30, 2020(117,696)(32,893)918 (149,671)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications9,611 (289)(220)9,102 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI2,554 2,554 
Balance at September 30, 2020$(108,085)$(30,628)$698 $(138,015)

Foreign currency translation adjustment and otherUnrealized loss on cash flow hedgeUnrealized holding gain (loss) on available-for-sale investmentsTotal
(In thousands)
Balance at December 29, 2018$(102,939)$$(613)$(103,552)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications2,321 637 2,958 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI
Balance at March 30, 2019(100,618)24 (100,594)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications(100)(12,223)216 (12,107)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(147)(147)
Balance at June 29, 2019(100,718)(12,370)240 (112,848)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications(11,679)(4,135)17 (15,797)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI98 (3)95 
Balance at September 28, 2019$(112,397)$(16,407)$254 $(128,550)



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The effects on net earnings of amounts reclassified from AOCI were as follows:

(In thousands)Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
AOCI ComponentLocation2020201920202019
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedgeOther income, net$(3,213)$(122)$(7,383)$58 
Income taxes659 24 1,509 (9)
Net of tax(2,554)(98)(5,874)49 
Unrealized holding gain (loss) on available-for-sale investmentsOther income, net
Income taxes(1)(1)
Net of tax
Total amount reclassified, net of tax$(2,554)$(95)$(5,874)$52 


(11) Contingencies


We accrue estimates for resolution of any legal and other contingencies when losses are probable and reasonably estimable in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification TopicASC 450, Contingencies ("ASC 450").

The terms of our software license agreements with our clients generally provide for a limited indemnification of such clients against losses, expenses and liabilities arising from third party claims based on alleged infringement by our solutions of an intellectual property right of such third party. The terms of such indemnification often limit the scope of and remedies for such indemnification obligations and generally include a right to replace or modify an infringing solution. To date, we have not had to reimburse any of our clients for any judgments or settlements to third parties related to these indemnification provisions pertaining to intellectual property infringement claims. For several reasons, including the lack of a sufficient number of prior indemnification claims and the lack of a monetary liability limit for certain infringement cases under the terms of the corresponding agreements with our clients, we cannot determine the maximum amount of potential future payments, if any, related to such indemnification provisions.

In addition to commitments and obligations in the ordinary course of business, we are subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business, including for example, employment and client disputes and litigation alleging solution and implementation defects, personal injury, intellectual property infringement, violations of law and breaches of contract and warranties. In addition, we are a defendant in lawsuits filed in federal and state courts brought as putative class or collective actions on behalf of various groups of current and former associates in the U.S. alleging that we misclassified associates as exempt from overtime pay under the Fair Labor Standards Act and state wage and hour laws. These proceedings are at various procedural stages and seek unspecified monetary damages, injunctive relief, costs and attorneys’ fees. Given the substantial uncertainties, such as the impact of discovery and the extent to which significant factual issues are resolved, the disposition of pre-trial motions, the extent of potential damages that are often unspecified or indeterminate, and the status of settlement discussions (if any), we cannot predict with any reasonable certainty the timing or outcome of such contingencies. At this time, we do not believe any material losses under these claims to be probable or estimable.

No less than quarterly, and as facts and circumstances change, we review the status of each significant matter underlying a legal proceeding or claim and assess our potential financial exposure. We accrue a liability for an estimated loss if the potential loss from any legal proceeding or claim is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of probability and the determination as to whether the amount of an exposure is reasonably estimable, and accruals are based only on the information available

to our management at the time the judgment is made.made, which may prove to be incomplete or inaccurate or unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that might cause us to change those estimates and assumptions. Furthermore, the outcome of legal proceedings is inherently uncertain, and we may incur substantial defense costs and expenses defending any of these matters. Should any one or a combination of more than one of these proceedings be successful, or should we determine to settle any one or a combination of these matters, we may be required to pay substantial sums, become subject to the entry of an injunction or be forced to change the manner in which we operate our business, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

As previously disclosed, we continue to be in dispute with Fujitsu Services Limited ("Fujitsu") regarding Fujitsu's obligation to pay amounts to us due upon the termination of a subcontract, including client receivables, in connection with Fujitsu's contract as the prime contractor in the National Health Service ("NHS") initiative to automate clinical processes and digitize medical records in the Southern region of England. The NHS terminated its contract with Fujitsu, which gave rise to the termination of our subcontract with Fujitsu. We filed a request for arbitration with the London Court of International Arbitration on April 22, 2019 seeking damages. On December 30, 2019, Fujitsu filed its Defense and Counterclaim (the "Counterclaim") in response. In its Counterclaim, Fujitsu defends against our claim in full and argues that we are liable to Fujitsu for: (i) £306 million in damages based on our alleged fraudulent misrepresentations inducing Fujitsu to enter into the subcontract; or (ii) alternatively, £173.8 million in damages based on our alleged breaches of the subcontract. We filed our response to Fujitsu's Counterclaim on May 1, 2020, to which they have now responded. We believe that Fujitsu's claims are without merit and will vigorously defend against them, and we continue to believe that we have valid and equitable grounds for recovery of the disputed client receivables; however, there can be no assurances as to the outcome of the dispute. As previously disclosed, we recorded a pre-tax charge of $45 million in the fourth quarter of 2018 to provide an allowance against the disputed client receivables reflecting the uncertainty in collection of such receivables and related litigation risk resulting from the conclusion of the non-binding alternative dispute resolution procedures, which occurred before we filed our request for arbitration. We have not concluded that a loss related to the new claims raised by Fujitsu in the Counterclaim is probable, nor have we accrued a liability related to these claims beyond the previously reported pre-tax charge recorded in the fourth quarter of 2018. Although we believe a loss may be reasonably possible (as defined in ASC 450), we do not have sufficient information to determine the amount or range of reasonably possible loss with respect to the Counterclaim given that the dispute is in the early stages of the arbitration process. Arbitration is currently scheduled to occur in April 2022.
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Cerner Health Services, Inc. ("Cerner HS"), a wholly owned subsidiary of Cerner Corporation, filed a lawsuit in the Chester County, Pennsylvania, Court of Common Pleas against NextGen Healthcare Information Systems, LLC ("NextGen") relating to a dispute arising out of a supplier relationship initially established between Siemens Health Services, Inc. ("Health Services") and NextGen prior to the acquisition of the assets of Health Services by Cerner HS in 2015. In September 2017, the court issued a preliminary injunction to prevent NextGen from refusing to honor certain contractual obligations to support Cerner HS's clients who use NextGen ambulatory EHR solutions. In September 2018, NextGen filed a counterclaim alleging breach of contract and tortious interference but did not specify its damages. In August 2019, NextGen provided an expert report alleging profit disgorgement damages of $135 million or, alternatively, $30.5 million in lost profit damages, but the report did not discuss how our actions allegedly caused NextGen's damages. In December 2019, we deposed NextGen's expert, gaining additional clarity on categories of alleged damages but not on the alleged theories of liability. A jury trial is set to begin on January 25, 2021. We believe NextGen's claims are without merit and will vigorously defend against them; however, there can be no assurances as to the outcome of the dispute. We have not concluded that a loss related to the claims raised by NextGen in its counterclaim is probable, nor have we accrued a liability related to these claims. Although a loss may be reasonably possible (as defined in ASC 450), we do not have sufficient information to determine the amount or range of reasonably possible loss in light of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of litigation generally, the wide range of damages presented by NextGen's expert, and the continued lack of clarity on the causal connection between Cerner Corporation's and Cerner HS's actions and any alleged damages.

The terms of our agreements with our clients generally provide for limited indemnification of such clients against losses, expenses and liabilities arising from third party or other claims based on, among other things, alleged infringement by our solutions of an intellectual property right of third parties or damages caused by data privacy breaches or system interruptions. The terms of such indemnification often limit the scope of and remedies for such indemnification obligations and generally include, as applicable, a right to replace or modify an infringing solution. For several reasons, including the lack of a sufficient number of prior indemnification claims relating to IP infringement, data privacy breaches or system interruptions, the inherent uncertainty stemming from such claims, and the lack of a monetary liability limit for such claims under the terms of the corresponding agreements with our clients, we cannot determine the maximum amount of potential future payments, if any, related to such indemnification provisions.
In addition to commitments and obligations in the ordinary course of business, we are involved in various other legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business, including for example, employment and client disputes and litigation alleging solution and implementation defects, personal injury, intellectual property infringement, violations of law, breaches of contract and warranties, and compliance audits by various government agencies. Many of these proceedings are at preliminary stages and many seek an indeterminate amount of damages. At this time, we do not believe the range of potential losses under any claims to be material to our consolidated financial statements.

(12) Segment Reporting


We have two operating segments, Domestic and Global.International. Revenues are derived primarily from the sale of clinical, financial and administrative information systemssolutions and solutions.services. The cost of revenues includes the cost of third partythird-party consulting services, computer hardware, devices and sublicensed software purchased from manufacturers for delivery to clients. It also includes the cost of hardware maintenance and sublicensed software support subcontracted to the manufacturers. Operating expenses incurred by the geographic business segments consist of sales and client service expenses including salaries of sales and client service personnel, expenses associated with our managed services business, marketing expenses, communications expenses and unreimbursed travel expenses. "Other" includes expenses that have not been allocated to the operating segments, such as software development, general and administrative expenses, acquisition costscertain organizational restructuring and related adjustments,other expense, share-based compensation expense, and certain amortization and depreciation. "Other" also includes gains or losses recognized on the divestiture of businesses. Performance of the segments is assessed at the operating earnings level by our chief operating decision maker, who is our Interim Chief Executive Officer. Items such as interest, income taxes, capital expenditures and total assets are managed at the consolidated level and thus are not included in our operating segment disclosures. Accounting policies for each of the reportable segments are the same as those used on a consolidated basis.



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The following table presents a summary of our operating segments and other expense for the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 20172020 and October 1, 2016:September 28, 2019:
(In thousands)DomesticInternationalOtherTotal
Three Months Ended 2020
Revenues$1,230,769 $137,904 $— $1,368,673 
Costs of revenue219,938 11,951 — 231,889 
Operating expenses566,777 58,626 316,430 941,833 
Total costs and expenses786,715 70,577 316,430 1,173,722 
Gain on sale of businesses216,869 216,869 
Operating earnings (loss)$444,054 $67,327 $(99,561)$411,820 

(In thousands)DomesticInternationalOtherTotal
Three Months Ended 2019
Revenues$1,265,263 $164,165 $— $1,429,428 
Costs of revenue246,634 25,144 — 271,778 
Operating expenses639,590 68,153 361,130 1,068,873 
Total costs and expenses886,224 93,297 361,130 1,340,651 
Operating earnings (loss)$379,039 $70,868 $(361,130)$88,777 

(In thousands)DomesticInternationalOtherTotal
Nine Months Ended 2020
Revenues$3,645,397 $465,366 $— $4,110,763 
Costs of revenue638,284 59,984 — 698,268 
Operating expenses1,724,545 182,594 985,131 2,892,270 
Total costs and expenses2,362,829 242,578 985,131 3,590,538 
Gain on sale of businesses216,869 216,869 
Operating earnings (loss)$1,282,568 $222,788 $(768,262)$737,094 


(In thousands)DomesticInternationalOtherTotal
Nine Months Ended 2019
Revenues$3,762,205 $488,161 $— $4,250,366 
Costs of revenue719,119 74,536 — 793,655 
Operating expenses1,817,244 209,580 1,012,049 3,038,873 
Total costs and expenses2,536,363 284,116 1,012,049 3,832,528 
Operating earnings (loss)$1,225,842 $204,045 $(1,012,049)$417,838 


22
(In thousands)Domestic Global     Other     Total    
        
Three Months Ended 2017       
Revenues$1,133,971
 $142,036
 $
 $1,276,007
        
Cost of revenues176,198
 26,706
 
 202,904
Operating expenses502,256
 68,229
 254,712
 825,197
Total costs and expenses678,454
 94,935

254,712
 1,028,101
        
Operating earnings (loss)$455,517
 $47,101
 $(254,712) $247,906

Table of Contents
(In thousands)Domestic Global     Other     Total    
        
Three Months Ended 2016       
Revenues$1,055,037
 $129,520
 $
 $1,184,557
        
Cost of revenues161,625
 21,345
 
 182,970
Operating expenses446,704
 60,430
 252,228
 759,362
Total costs and expenses608,329
 81,775
 252,228
 942,332
        
Operating earnings (loss)$446,708
 $47,745
 $(252,228) $242,225
(In thousands)Domestic Global     Other     Total    
        
Nine Months Ended 2017       
Revenues$3,421,429
 $407,058
 $
 $3,828,487
        
Cost of revenues549,895
 75,065
 
 624,960
Operating expenses1,474,591
 197,333
 790,183
 2,462,107
Total costs and expenses2,024,486
 272,398
 790,183
 3,087,067
        
Operating earnings (loss)$1,396,943
 $134,660
 $(790,183) $741,420

(In thousands)Domestic Global     Other     Total    
        
Nine Months Ended 2016       
Revenues$3,132,566
 $406,088
 $
 $3,538,654
        
Cost of revenues488,404
 75,715
 
 564,119
Operating expenses1,304,731
 183,824
 786,995
 2,275,550
Total costs and expenses1,793,135
 259,539
 786,995
 2,839,669
        
Operating earnings (loss)$1,339,431
 $146,549
 $(786,995) $698,985


Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


The following Management Discussion and Analysis ("MD&A") is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of Cerner Corporation ("Cerner," the "Company," "we," "us" or "our"). This MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements ("Notes") found above. Certain statements in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q contain forward-looking statements within the meanings of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended, regarding our future plans, objectives, beliefs, expectations, representations and projections. See the end of this MD&A for more information on our forward-looking statements, including a discussion of the most significant factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, and the information in Part II, "Item 1A. Risk Factors" below.


Our third fiscal quarter ends on the Saturday closest to September 30. The 2017 and 2016third quarters ended on September 30, 2017 and October 1, 2016, respectively. All references to yearsperiods in this MD&A represent the respective three or nine months ended on such dates, unless otherwise noted.
Except for the historical information and discussions contained herein, statements contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q may constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A Refer to Note (1) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs, expectations and assumptions of Cerner's management with respect to future events and are subject to a number of significant risks and uncertainties. It is important to note that Cerner's performance, and actual results, financial condition or business could differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements. These statements can often be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, such as "could," "should," "will," "intended," "continue," "believe," "may," "expect," "hope," "anticipate," "goal," "forecast," "plan," "guidance," "opportunity," "prospects" or "estimate" or the negative of these words, variations thereof or similar expressions. These statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially, including without limitation: the possibility of significant costs and reputational harm related to product-related liabilities; potential claimsNotes for system errors and warranties; the possibility of interruption atinformation regarding our data centers or client support facilities; the possibility of increased expenses, exposure to legal claims and regulatory actions and reputational harm associated with a cyberattack or other breach in our IT security; our proprietary technology may be subject to claims for infringement or misappropriation of intellectual property rights of others, or may be infringed or misappropriated by others; potential claims or other risks associated with relying on open source software in our proprietary software, solutions or services; material adverse resolution of legal proceedings; risks associated with our global operations; risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; the potential for tax legislation initiatives that could adversely affect our tax position and/or challenges to our tax positions in the U.S. and non-U.S. countries; the uncertainty surrounding the impact of the United Kingdom’s vote to leave the European Union (commonly referred to as Brexit) on our global business; risks associated with the unexpected loss or recruitment and retention of key personnel, failure to successfully develop and execute succession planning to assure transitions of key associates and their knowledge, relationships and expertise, and uncertainties as to how quickly we are able to finalize our CEO succession plans; risks related to our dependence on strategic partners and third party suppliers; difficulties and operational and financial risks associated with successfully completing the integration of the Cerner Health Services (formerly Siemens Health Services) business into our business or the failure to realize the synergies and other benefits expected from the acquisition; risks inherent with business acquisitions and combinations and the integration thereof; the potential for losses resulting from asset impairment charges; risks associated with volatility and disruption resulting from global economic or market conditions; managing growth in the new markets in which we offer solutions, health care devices or services; risks inherent in contracting with government clients; risks associated with our outstanding and future indebtedness, such as compliance with restrictive covenants, which may limit our flexibility to operate our business; changing political, economic, regulatory and judicial influences, which could impact the purchasing practices and operations of our clients and increase costs to deliver compliant solutions and services; government regulation; significant competition and our ability to quickly respond to market changes and changing technologies and to bring competitive new solutions, devices, features and services to market in a timely fashion; long sales cycles for our solutions and services; variations in our quarterly operating results; potential variations in our sales forecasts compared to actual sales; volatility in the trading price of our common stock and the timing and volume of market activity; our directors' authority to issue preferred stock and the anti-takeover provisions in our corporate governance documents; changes in accounting standards issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board or other standard-setting bodies may adversely affect our financial statements; and, other risks, uncertainties and factors discussed elsewhere in this Form 10-Q, in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including those under the caption "Risk Factors" in our latest annual report on Form 10-K, or in materials incorporated herein or therein by reference. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance or results. The reader should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements since the statements speak only as of the date they are made. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or changes in our results of operations, financial condition or business over time.fiscal period ends.



Management Overview

Our revenues are primarily derived by selling, implementing, operating and supporting software solutions, clinical content, hardware, devices and services that give health care providers and other stakeholders secure access to clinical, administrative and financial data in real or near-real time, helping them to improve quality, safety and efficiency in the delivery of health care.


Our fundamental strategic focuscore strategy is the creation ofto create organic growth by investing in research and development ("R&D") to create solutions and tech-enabled services for the health care industry. This strategy has driven strong growth over the long-term, as reflected in five- and ten-year compound annual revenue growth rates of 13% or more. This growth has also created an important strategic footprint in health care, with Cerner® solutions in more than 25,000 facilities worldwide, including hospitals, physician practices, laboratories, ambulatory centers, behavioral health centers, cardiac facilities, radiology clinics, surgery centers, extended care facilities, retail pharmacies, and employer sites. Selling additional solutions and services back into this client base is an important element of our future revenue growth. We are also focused on driving growth through market share expansion by strategically aligning with health care providers that have not yet selected a supplier and by displacing competitors in health care settings that are looking to replace their current supplier. We may also supplement organic growth with acquisitions or strategic investments.investments and collaborations.


We expectCerner's long history of growth has created an important strategic footprint in health care, with Cerner holding more than 25 percent market share in the U.S. acute care electronic health record ("EHR") market and a leading market share in several non-U.S. regions. Foundational to driveour growth throughgoing forward is delivering value to this core client base, including executing effectively on our large U.S. federal contracts and cross-selling key solutions and services in areas such as revenue cycle. We are also investing in platform modernization, with a focus on delivering a software as a service platform that reflectwe expect to lower total cost of ownership, improve clinician experience and patient outcomes, and enable clients to accelerate adoption of new functionality and better leverage third-party innovations.

We also expect to continue driving growth by leveraging our ongoing abilityHealtheIntent® platform, which is the foundation for established and new offerings for both provider and non-provider markets. The EHR-agnostic HealtheIntent platform enables Cerner to innovate and expand our reach into health care. Examples of these include our CareAware®become a strategic partner with health care device architecturestakeholders and devices, Cerner ITWorksSM services, revenue cycle solutionshelp them improve performance under value-based contracting. The platform, along with our CareAware® platform, also supports offerings in areas such as long-term care, home care and services,hospice, rehabilitation, behavioral health, community care, care team communications, health systems operations, consumer and HealtheIntentSM population health solutionsemployer, and services. Finally, we believe there is significant opportunity for growth outside of the United States, with many non-U.S. markets focused on health care information technology as part of their strategy to improve the quality and lower the cost of health care.data-as-a-service.


Beyond our strategy for driving revenue growth, we are also focused on earnings growth. SimilarAfter several years of margin compression related to slowing revenue growth, increased mix of low-margin services, and lower software demand due to the end of direct government incentives for EHR adoption, Cerner implemented a new operating structure and introduced other initiatives focused on cost optimization and process improvement in 2019. To assist in these efforts, we engaged an outside consulting firm to conduct a review of our operations and cost structure. We have made good progress since we kicked off our transformation in 2019 and expect this progress to be reflected in improved profitability in 2020 and beyond. We are focused on ongoing identification of opportunities to operate more efficiently and on achieving the efficiencies without impacting the quality of our solutions and services and commitments to our history of growing revenue, our net earnings have increased at compound annual rates of 15% or more over the most recent five- and ten-year periods. We expect to drive continued earnings growth through ongoing revenue growth coupled with margin expansion, which we expect to achieve through efficiencies in our implementation and operational processes and by leveraging R&D investments and controlling general and administrative expenses.clients.


We are also focused on continuing to deliverdelivering strong levels of cash flow which we expect to accomplish by continuing to grow earnings and prudently managing capital expenditures. We expect to use future cash flow and debt, as appropriate, to meet our capital allocation objectives, which include investing in our business, potential acquisitions or other strategic investments to drive profitable growth, and returning capital to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends.



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COVID-19

Our business and results of operations for the first nine months of 2020 were impacted by the ongoing Coronavirus disease ("COVID-19") pandemic. It has caused us to modify certain of our business practices, including requiring most of our employees to work remotely; restricting employee travel; developing social distancing plans for our associates; and canceling or postponing in person participation in certain meetings, events and conferences. It is not possible to quantify the full financial impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on our results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition, due to the uncertainty surrounding the pandemic, the difficulty inherent in identifying and measuring the various impacts that have or may stem from such an event and the fact that there are no comparable recent events that provide guidance as to how to measure or predict the effect the COVID-19 pandemic may have on our business.However, we believe COVID-19 has impacted, and will continue in the near-term to impact, our business results, primarily, but not limited to, in the following areas:

Bookings, backlog and revenues – A decline in new business bookings as certain client purchasing decisions and projects are delayed to focus on treating patients, procuring necessary medical supplies, and managing their own organizations through this crisis. This decline in bookings flows through to reduced backlog and lower subsequent revenues.

Associate productivity – A decline in associate productivity, primarily for our services personnel, as a large amount of work is typically done at client sites, which is being impacted by travel restrictions and our clients' focus on the pandemic. Our clients' focus on the pandemic has also led to pauses on existing projects and postponed start dates for others, which translates into lower professional services revenues and a lower operating margin percentage. We are mitigating this by doing more work remotely than we have in the past, but we cannot fully offset the negative impact.

Travel – Associate travel restrictions reduce client-related travel, which reduces reimbursed travel revenues and lowers our costs of revenue as a percent of revenues. Such restrictions also reduce non-reimbursable travel, which lowers operating expenses.

Cash collections - A delay in client cash collections due to COVID-19's impact on national reimbursement processes, and client focus on managing their own organizations' liquidity during this time. This translates to lower cash flows from operating activities, and a higher days sales outstanding metric. Lower cash flows from operating activities may impact how we execute under our capital allocation strategy.

Capital expenditures - A decline in capital spending as certain capital projects are delayed.

We believe the impact of COVID-19 on our results of operations for the first quarter of 2020 was limited, with the largest impact in the areas of reduced bookings and lower technology resale revenue, due to the mid-March 2020 timing of when we implemented changes to our business practices in response to COVID-19, and the nature of the industry in which we operate. We believe the impact of COVID-19 on our results of operations for the second and third quarters of 2020 was much greater than in the first quarter of 2020 as the pandemic and practices we implemented in mid-March 2020 were ongoing for the full quarter, with the largest impact in the areas of reduced bookings and lower licensed software, technology resale, professional services, and reimbursed travel revenues.

We expect a negative financial impact to continue for the remainder of 2020 and into 2021. However, the impact will be difficult to quantify as there are many factors outside of our control, so any forward looking statements that we make regarding our projections of future financial performance, new solution, services and offering development, and capital allocation plans; cost optimization and operational improvement initiatives; and the expected benefits of our acquisitions, divestitures or other collaborations will all be subject to increased risks, as discussed further below and in Part II, Item 1A of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Additionally, we may make further modifications to our operations or business plans that have a negative financial impact as required by government authorities, our clients or as we determine are in the best interests of our associates, clients and business partners. While we expect COVID-19 to have an impact on our results of operations, cash flows, and financial position in the near-term, we believe the nature of our solutions and services offerings will continue to be in demand, regardless of this pandemic. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictive measures have created significant economic uncertainty and the duration and magnitude of the impact of the pandemic is unknown at this time; therefore, there can be no assurance that the ultimate impact of the pandemic will not adversely affect our future operational and financial performance.

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Operational Improvement Initiatives

The Company has been focused on leveraging the impact of our new operating structure, which was rolled out in the first quarter of 2019, and identifying additional efficiencies in our business. We continue to be focused on reducing operating expenses and generating other efficiencies that are expected to provide longer-term operating margin expansion. We are continuing our portfolio management, which includes ongoing evaluation of our offerings, exiting certain low-margin businesses, and being more selective as we consider new business opportunities. To assist in these efforts, we engaged an outside consulting firm to conduct a review of our operations and cost structure. As part of our portfolio management, we closed on the sale of certain of our business operations, primarily conducted in Germany and Spain, in July 2020, and the sale of certain of our revenue cycle outsourcing business operations in August 2020. We expect to continue to evaluate and complete divestiture transactions that are strategic to our operational improvement initiatives. We continue to be focused on ongoing identification of opportunities to operate more efficiently and on achieving the efficiencies without impacting the quality of our solutions and services and commitments to our clients.

In the near term, we expect to continue incurring expenses in connection with these efforts. Such expenses may include, but are not limited to, consultant and other professional services fees, employee separation costs, contract termination costs, and other such related expenses. Expenses recognized in the first nine months of 2020 are primarily related to professional services fees and employee separation costs, which are included in operating expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. We expect to incur additional expenses in connection with these initiatives in future periods, which may be material.

Results Overview
The Company delivered lower than expected bookings and good levels of revenues, earnings, and operating cash flow in the third quarter of 2017.

Bookings, which reflectsreflect the value of executed contracts for software, hardware, professional services and managed services, was $1.11$1.47 billion in the third quarter of 2017,2020, which is a decrease of 23%11% compared to $1.65 billion in the third quarter of 2019.

Revenues for the third quarter of 2020 decreased 4% to $1.37 billion, compared to $1.43 billion in the third quarter of 2016. The decline in bookings was primarily attributable to several large contracts not signing during the quarter as previously expected. These contracts were primarily related to our ITWorks business, which includes large long-term services contracts that have a significant impact on bookings, but do not have a material impact on current period revenue or earnings. The Company still expects to sign these contracts in future periods.2019.

Revenues for the third quarter of 2017 increased 8% to $1.3 billion, compared to $1.2 billion in the third quarter of 2016. The year-over-year increase in revenue reflects ongoing demand from new and existing clients for Cerner's solutions and services driven by their needs to keep up with regulatory requirements, adapt to changing reimbursement models, and deliver safer and more efficient care.


Net earnings for the third quarter of 20172020 increased 4%335% to $177$357 million, compared to $170$82 million in the third quarter of 2016.2019. Diluted earnings per share increased 6%346% to $0.52,$1.16, compared to $0.49$0.26 in the third quarter of 2016. The overall increase in net earnings and diluted earnings per share was primarily a result of increased revenues.2019.


We had cash collections of receivables of $1.4$1.43 billion in the third quarter of 2017,2020, compared to $1.3$1.50 billion in the third quarter of 2016.2019. Days sales outstanding was 7381 days in the third quarter of 2020 and the second quarter of 2020, compared to 74 days for the third quarter of 2017 compared to 73 days for the second quarter of 2017 and 76 days for the third quarter of 2016.2019. Operating cash flows for the third quarter of 20172020 were $363$382 million, compared to $311$351 million in the third quarter of 2016.2019.




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Results of Operations

Three Months EndedSeptember 30, 20172020 Compared to Three Months EndedOctober 1, 2016September 28, 2019

The following table presents a summary of theour operating information for the third quarters of 20172020 and 2016:2019:

(In thousands)2017 
% of
Revenue
 2016 
% of
Revenue
 % Change  (In thousands)2020% of
Revenue
2019% of
Revenue
% Change  
Revenues         Revenues$1,368,673 100 %$1,429,428 100 %(4)%
System sales$324,021
 25% $301,252
 25% 8 %
Support and maintenance263,361
 21% 253,425
 21% 4 %
Services664,468
 52% 607,660
 51% 9 %
Reimbursed travel24,157
 2% 22,220
 2% 9 %
         
Total revenues1,276,007
 100% 1,184,557
 100% 8 %
         
Costs of revenue         
Costs of revenue202,904
 16% 182,970
 15% 11 %Costs of revenue231,889 17 %271,778 19 %(15)%
         
Total margin1,073,103
 84% 1,001,587
 85% 7 %
MarginMargin1,136,784 83 %1,157,650 81 %(2)%
         
Operating expenses         Operating expenses
Sales and client service564,621
 44% 512,671
 43% 10 %Sales and client service625,402 46 %707,743 50 %(12)%
Software development153,834
 12% 136,755
 12% 12 %Software development186,826 14 %187,526 13 %— %
General and administrative84,178
 7% 87,071
 7% (3)%General and administrative116,816 %152,321 11 %(23)%
Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles22,564
 2% 22,865
 2% (1)%Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles12,789 %21,283 %(40)%
         
Total operating expenses825,197
 65% 759,362
 64% 9 %Total operating expenses941,833 69 %1,068,873 75 %(12)%
         
Total costs and expenses1,028,101
 81% 942,332
 80% 9 %Total costs and expenses1,173,722 86 %1,340,651 94 %(12)%
         
Gain on sale of businessesGain on sale of businesses216,869 16 %— — %
Operating earnings247,906
 19% 242,225
 20% 2 %Operating earnings411,820 30 %88,777 %364 %
         
Other income (expense), net2,509
   (417)    
Other income, netOther income, net48,020 13,535 
Income taxes(72,991)   (71,829)    Income taxes(103,164)(20,377)
         
Net earnings$177,424
   $169,979
   4 %Net earnings$356,676 $81,935 335 %

Revenues & Backlog

Revenues increased 8%decreased 4% to $1.3$1.37 billion in the third quarter of 2017,2020, as compared to $1.2$1.43 billion in the same period of 2016.2019. The decline in revenues is primarily attributable to the following:

System sales, which includeThe impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on our third quarter 2020 operations, with the largest impact in the areas of technology resale, professional services, and reimbursed travel revenues, fromas further discussed above.

The third quarter of 2020 includes a $42 million reduction in revenues due to the termination of certain revenue cycle outsourcing contracts effective in the fourth quarter of 2019.

The third quarter of 2020 includes a $22 million reduction in revenues due to the sale of licensed software (including perpetual license salescertain of our business operations primarily conducted in Germany and softwareSpain, as a service), technology resale (hardware, devices, and sublicensed software), deployment period licensed software upgrade rights, installation fees, transaction processing and subscriptions, increased 8%further discussed in Note (7) of the Notes. We expect the disposition of such operations to $324reduce future International Segment revenues by approximately $83 million in the on an annualized basis.

The third quarter of 2017, from $3012020 includes a $20 million reduction in revenues due to the sale of certain of our revenue cycle outsourcing business operations, as further discussed in Note (7) of the Notes. We expect the disposition of such operations to reduce future Domestic Segment revenues by approximately $77 million on an annualized basis.

These declines are partially offset by increased implementation activity within our federal business, inclusive of ongoing projects with the U.S. Department of Defense and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. In the third quarter of 2020, 19% of our total revenues were attributable to our relationships (as the prime contractor or a subcontractor) with U.S. government agencies, compared to 12% in the same period of 2016. The increase in system sales was primarily driven2019. Refer to Note (2) of the Notes for further information regarding revenues disaggregated by increases in licensed software and subscriptionsour business models.
26

Table of $15 million and $12 million, respectively.
Support and maintenance revenues increased 4% to $263 million in the third quarter of 2017, from $253 million in the same period of 2016. This increase was primarily attributable to continued success selling Cerner Millennium® applications and implementing them at client sites.


Revenue backlog,Backlog, which reflects contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized as revenue, increased 7% to $16.5was $13.01 billion in the third quarter of 2017at September 30, 2020, compared to $15.5$13.71 billion at December 28, 2019. This decline in backlog is primarily attributable to the same perioddivestiture transactions discussed above, along with the impact of 2016. This increase was driven by solid levels of new businessthe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on our bookings during the past four quarters, including strong levelsfirst nine months of managed services bookings2020, as further discussed above. We expect to recognize 30% of our backlog as revenue over the next 12 months.

We believe that typically have longerbacklog may not necessarily be a comprehensive indicator of future revenue as certain of our arrangements may be canceled (or conversely renewed) at our clients' option; thus contract terms.consideration related to such cancellable periods has been excluded from our calculation of backlog. However, historically our experience has been that such cancellation provisions are rarely exercised. We expect to recognize approximately $1.16 billion of revenue over the next 12 months under currently executed contracts related to such cancellable periods, which is not included in our calculation of backlog.


Costs of Revenue

Costs of revenue as a percent of total revenues were 16%17% in the third quarter of 2017,2020, compared to 15%19% in the same period of 2016.2019. The marginally higherlower costs of revenue as a percent of total revenues was primarily due todriven by lower reimbursed travel revenue, which carries a 100% cost of revenue; a lower mix of technology resale revenue, which carries a higher cost of revenue; and reduced utilization of third-party costsresources associated with technology resale.professional services revenue.

Costs of revenue include the cost of reimbursed travel expense, sales commissions, third party consulting services and subscription content and computer hardware, devices and sublicensed software purchased from manufacturers for delivery to clients. It also includes the cost of hardware maintenance and sublicensed software support subcontracted to the manufacturers. Such costs, as a percent of total revenues, typically have varied as the mix of revenue (software, hardware, devices, maintenance, support, services and reimbursed travel)services) carrying different margin rates changes from period to period. Costs of revenue does not include the costs of our client service personnel who are responsible for delivering our service offerings. Such costs are included in sales and client service expense.

Operating Expenses

Total operating expenses increased 9%decreased 12% to $825$942 million in the third quarter of 2017, as2020, compared to $759 million$1.07 billion in the same period of 2016.2019.
 
Sales and client service expenses as a percent of total revenues were 44%46% in the third quarter of 2017,2020, compared to 43%50% in the same period of 2016.2019. These expenses increased 10%decreased 12% to $565$625 million in the third quarter of 2017,2020, from $513$708 million in the same period of 2016.2019. Sales and client service expenses include salaries and benefits of sales, marketing, support, and services personnel, depreciation and other expenses associated with our managed services business, communications expenses, unreimbursed travel expenses, expense for share-based payments, and trade show and advertising costs. The growthdecrease in sales and client service expenses reflects hiringwas primarily driven by an $11 million reduction in associate travel costs, and the third quarter of services personnel2019 included a $60 million charge in connection with the termination of certain revenue cycle outsourcing contracts, discussed above. The divestiture transactions, as further discussed in Note (7) of the Notes, also contributed to support the growthreduction in services revenue.expenses.

27

Software development expenses as a percent of total revenues were 12%14% in the third quarter of both 2017 and 2016.2020, compared to 13% in the same period of 2019. Expenditures for software development include ongoing development and enhancement of the Cerner Millennium®and HealtheIntent platforms, with a focus on supporting key initiatives to enhance physician experience, revenue cycle, and population health management, and health network solutions. In addition, the third quarter of 2020 includes costs incurred in connection with our efforts to modernize our platforms, with a focus on development of a software as a service platform. A summary of our total software development expense in the third quarters of 20172020 and 20162019 is as follows:
Three Months Ended Three Months Ended
(In thousands)2017 2016(In thousands)20202019
   
Software development costs$176,543
 $174,831
Software development costs$198,565 $197,122 
Capitalized software costs(66,404) (72,943)Capitalized software costs(71,525)(65,684)
Capitalized costs related to share-based payments(663) (685)Capitalized costs related to share-based payments(1,792)(698)
Amortization of capitalized software costs44,358
 35,552
Amortization of capitalized software costs61,578 56,786 
   
Total software development expense$153,834
 $136,755
Total software development expense$186,826 $187,526 
 
General and administrative expenses as a percent of total revenues were 7%9% in the third quarter of both 2017 and 2016.2020, compared to 11% in the same period of 2019. These expenses decreased 3%23% to $84$117 million in the third quarter of 2017,2020, from $87$152 million in the same period of 2016.2019. General and administrative expenses include salaries and benefits for corporate, financial and administrative staffs, utilities, communications expenses, professional fees, depreciation and amortization, transaction gains or losses on foreign currency, expense for share-based payments, acquisition costscertain organizational restructuring and related adjustments.other expense. The decrease in general and administrative expenses is primarily due to lower expense for share-based payments, driven by stock option awards forfeited bya reduction in expenses incurred in connection with our former CEO upon his passingoperational improvement initiatives, discussed above. We expect to incur additional expenses in July 2017.
connection with these efforts in future periods, which may be material. The divestiture transactions, as further discussed in Note (7) of the Notes, also contributed to the reduction in expenses.


Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles as a percent of total revenues were 2%was 1% in the third quarter of both 20172020 and 2016.2019. These expenses remained flat at $23decreased 40% to $13 million in the third quarter of both 2017 and 2016.2020, from $21 million in the same period in2019. Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles includes the amortization of customer relationships, acquired technology, trade names, and non-compete agreements recorded in connection with our business acquisitions.
The decrease in amortization of acquisition-related intangibles is primarily due to the impact of certain intangible assets from the Health Services acquisition in February 2015 becoming fully amortized in the first quarter of 2020. The divestiture transactions, as further discussed in Note (7) of the Notes, also contributed to the reduction in expenses.



Gain on Sale of Businesses

The third quarter of 2020 includes a $217 million gain on sale of businesses. Refer to Note (7) of the Notes for further information regarding divestiture transactions that closed during the third quarter of 2020.
Non-Operating Items
 
Other income, (expense), net was $3$48 million in income in the third quarter of 2017, and less than $12020, compared to $14 million in expense in the same period of 2016.2019. The increasethird quarter of 2020 includes a $49 million gain recognized on the disposition of one of our equity investments. The third quarter of 2019 includes a $9 million unrealized gain recognized on that same equity investment. The remaining difference is primarily attributable to an impairment loss recognized on one of our investments accounted for under the cost methodincreased interest expense in the third quarter of 2016.
2020, from the $600 million of revolving credit loans we borrowed under our Credit Agreement in May 2019, and the $300 million of Series 2020-A Notes we issued in March 2020.


Our effective tax rate was 29.1%22.4% for the third quarter of 2017 and 29.7% in2020, compared to 19.9% for the same period of 2016.2019. The decreaseincrease in the effective tax rate in 2017the third quarter of 2020 is primarily a resultdue to taxes associated with the divestiture transactions that closed in the third quarter of 2020, as further discussed in Note (7) of the inclusion of net excess tax benefits as discrete items within the tax provision, upon our adoption of ASU 2016-09 in the first quarter of 2017.Notes. Refer to Note (1)(8) of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statementsNotes for further discussion regarding our adoptioneffective tax rate.


28


Operations by Segment

We have two operating segments: Domestic and Global.International. The Domestic segment includes revenue contributions and expenditures associated with business activity in the United States. The GlobalInternational segment includes revenue contributions and expenditures linked to business activity in Aruba,outside the United States, primarily from Australia, Austria, the Bahamas, Belgium, Bermuda, Brazil, Canada, Cayman Islands, Chile, Denmark, Egypt, England, Finland, France, Germany, Guam, India, Ireland, Kuwait, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, SwitzerlandEurope, and the United Arab Emirates.Middle East. Refer to Note (9)(12) of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statementsNotes for further information regarding our reportable segments.


The following table presents a summary of our operating segment information for the third quarters of 20172020 and 2016:
2019:
(In thousands)2017 % of Revenue 2016 % of Revenue % Change  
          
Domestic Segment         
Revenues$1,133,971
 100% $1,055,037
 100% 7%
          
Costs of revenue176,198
 16% 161,625
 15% 9%
Operating expenses502,256
 44% 446,704
 42% 12%
Total costs and expenses678,454
 60% 608,329
 58% 12%
          
Domestic operating earnings455,517
 40%
446,708
 42% 2%
          
Global Segment         
Revenues142,036
 100% 129,520
 100% 10%
          
Costs of revenue26,706
 19% 21,345
 16% 25%
Operating expenses68,229
 48% 60,430
 47% 13%
Total costs and expenses94,935
 67% 81,775
 63% 16%
          
Global operating earnings47,101
 33% 47,745
 37% (1)%
          
Other, net(254,712)   (252,228)   1%
          
Consolidated operating earnings$247,906
   $242,225
   2%

(In thousands)2020% of Revenue2019% of Revenue% Change  
Domestic Segment
Revenues$1,230,769 100%$1,265,263 100%(3)%
Costs of revenue219,938 18%246,634 19%(11)%
Operating expenses566,777 46%639,590 51%(11)%
Total costs and expenses786,715 64%886,224 70%(11)%
Domestic operating earnings444,054 36%379,039 30%17%
International Segment
Revenues137,904 100%164,165 100%(16)%
Costs of revenue11,951 9%25,144 15%(52)%
Operating expenses58,626 43%68,153 42%(14)%
Total costs and expenses70,577 51%93,297 57%(24)%
International operating earnings67,327 49%70,868 43%(5)%
Other costs and expenses, net(316,430)(361,130)(12)%
Gain on sale of businesses216,869 — 
Consolidated operating earnings$411,820 $88,777 364%

Domestic Segment

Revenues increased 7%decreased 3% to $1.13$1.23 billion in the third quarter of 2017,2020, from $1.06$1.27 billion in the same period of 2016. This increase was2019. The decline in revenues is primarily drivenattributable to the following:

The impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on our third quarter 2020 operations, with the largest impact in the areas of technology resale, professional services, and reimbursed travel revenues, as further discussed above.

The third quarter of 2020 includes a $42 million reduction in revenues due to the termination of certain revenue cycle outsourcing contracts effective in the fourth quarter of 2019.

The third quarter of 2020 includes a $20 million reduction in revenues due to the sale of certain of our revenue cycle outsourcing business operations, as further discussed in Note (7) of the Notes.

These declines are partially offset by growth in services revenue.
increased implementation activity within our federal business; inclusive of ongoing projects with the U.S. Department of Defense and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Refer to Note (2) of the Notes for further information regarding revenues disaggregated by our business models.

Costs of revenue as a percent of revenues was 16%were 18% in the third quarter of 20172020, compared to 15%19% in the same period of 2016.2019. The marginally higherlower costs of revenue as a percent of revenues was primarily due todriven by lower reimbursed travel revenue, which carries a 100% cost of revenue; a lower mix of technology resale revenue, which carries a higher cost of revenue; and reduced utilization of third-party costsresources associated with technology resale.professional services revenue.
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Operating expenses as a percent of revenues were 44%46% in the third quarter of 2017,2020, compared to 42%51% in the same period of 2016. The increase as a percent of revenues reflects a higher mix of services during2019. These expenses decreased 11% to $567 million in the third quarter of 2017 that was driven by services revenue growth.


Global Segment
Revenues increased 10% to $142 million in the third quarter of 2017,2020, from $130$640 million in the same period of 2016. This increase2019. The decrease in operating expenses was primarily driven by growtha $9 million reduction in services revenue.
associate travel costs, and the third quarter of 2019 included a $60 million charge in connection with the termination of certain revenue cycle outsourcing contracts, discussed above.

International Segment

Revenues decreased 16% to $138 million in the third quarter of 2020, from $164 million in the same period of 2019. The decline in revenues is primarily due to a $22 million reduction from the sale of certain of our business operations primarily conducted in Germany and Spain, as further discussed in Note (7) of the Notes. Additionally, we believe the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted our third quarter 2020 operations, as further discussed above. Refer to Note (2) of the Notes for further information regarding revenues disaggregated by our business models.

Costs of revenue as a percent of revenues were 19%9% in the third quarter of 2017,2020, compared to 16%15% in the same period of 2016.2019. The higherlower costs of revenue as a percent of revenues werewas primarily driven by lower reimbursed travel revenue, which carries a 100% cost of revenue; a lower mix of technology resale revenue, which carries a higher amountcost of third partyrevenue; and reduced utilization of third-party resources utilized forassociated with professional services and support and services.
maintenance revenue.

Operating expenses as a percent of revenues were 48%43% in the third quarter of 2017,2020, compared to 47%42% in the same period of 2016.2019. These expenses decreased 14% to $59 million in the third quarter of 2020, from $68 million in the same period of 2019. The increase as a percent of revenues wasdecrease in operating expenses is primarily due to an increasethe sale of certain of our business operations in non-personnel expenses.
Germany and Spain, as further discussed in Note (7) of the Notes.


Other netCosts and Expenses, Net

Operating resultscosts and expenses not attributed to an operating segment include expenses such as software development, general and administrative expenses, acquisition costs and related adjustments, share-based compensation expense, and certain amortization and depreciation.depreciation, certain organizational restructuring and other expense. These expenses increased 1%decreased 12% to $255$316 million in the third quarter of 2017,2020, from $252$361 million in the same period of 2016.2019. The increase wasdecrease is primarily due to increased amortizationa reduction in expenses incurred in connection with our operational improvement initiatives, discussed above.
30

Table of capitalized software costs, resulting from releases of new and enhanced solutions over the last four quarters.Contents


Nine Months Ended September 30, 20172020 Compared to Nine Months EndedOctober 1, 2016 September 28, 2019

The following table presents a summary of our operating information for the first nine months of 20172020 and 2016:2019:

(In thousands)2017 
% of
Revenue
 2016 
% of
Revenue
 % Change  (In thousands)2020% of
Revenue
2019% of
Revenue
% Change  
Revenues         Revenues$4,110,763 100 %$4,250,366 100 %(3)%
System sales$991,685
 26% $913,710
 26% 9 %
Support and maintenance785,039
 21% 761,165
 22% 3 %
Services1,978,444
 52% 1,800,309
 51% 10 %
Reimbursed travel73,319
 2% 63,470
 2% 16 %
         
Total revenues3,828,487
 100% 3,538,654
 100% 8 %
         
Costs of revenue         
Costs of revenue624,960
 16% 564,119
 16% 11 %Costs of revenue698,268 17 %793,655 19 %(12)%
         
Total margin3,203,527
 84% 2,974,535
 84% 8 %
MarginMargin3,412,495 83 %3,456,711 81 %(1)%
         
Operating expenses         Operating expenses
Sales and client service1,688,208
 44% 1,534,763
 43% 10 %Sales and client service1,907,138 46 %2,026,825 48 %(6)%
Software development442,570
 12% 405,451
 11% 9 %Software development551,101 13 %548,934 13 %— %
General and administrative263,203
 7% 267,232
 8% (2)%General and administrative391,000 10 %398,305 %(2)%
Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles68,126
 2% 68,104
 2%  %Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles43,031 %64,809 %(34)%
         
Total operating expenses2,462,107
 64% 2,275,550
 64% 8 %Total operating expenses2,892,270 70 %3,038,873 71 %(5)%
         
Total costs and expenses3,087,067
 81% 2,839,669
 80% 9 %Total costs and expenses3,590,538 87 %3,832,528 90 %(6)%
         
Gain on sale of businessesGain on sale of businesses216,869 %— — %
Operating earnings741,420
 19% 698,985
 20% 6 %Operating earnings737,094 18 %417,838 10 %76 %
         
Other income, net4,054
   3,734
    Other income, net78,247 44,973 
Income taxes(215,154)   (215,926)    Income taxes(176,758)(87,688)
         
Net earnings$530,320
   $486,793
   9 %Net earnings$638,583 $375,123 70 %


Revenues

Revenues increased 8%decreased 3% to $3.8$4.11 billion in the first nine months of 2017,2020, as compared to $3.5$4.25 billion in the same period of 2016.2019. The decline in revenues is primarily attributable to the following:

System sales increased 9% to $992 millionThe impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on our operations during the first nine months of 2020, with the largest impact in the areas of licensed software, technology resale, professional services, and reimbursed travel revenues, as further discussed above.

The first nine months of 2017, from $9142020 includes a $126 million reduction in revenues due to the termination of certain revenue cycle outsourcing contracts effective in the fourth quarter of 2019.

The first nine months of 2020 includes a $22 million reduction in revenues due to the sale of certain of our business operations primarily conducted in Germany and Spain, as further discussed in Note (7) of the Notes.

The first nine months of 2020 includes a $20 million reduction in revenues due to the sale of certain of our revenue cycle outsourcing business operations, as further discussed in Note (7) of the Notes.

These declines are partially offset by increased implementation activity within our federal business, inclusive of ongoing projects with the U.S. Department of Defense and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. In the first nine months of 2020, 17% of our total revenues were attributable to our relationships (as the prime contractor or a subcontractor) with U.S. government agencies, compared to 11% in the same period of 2016. The increase in system sales was primarily driven2019. Refer to Note (2) of the Notes for further information regarding revenues disaggregated by increases in licensed software and subscriptions of $51 million and $28 million, respectively.
our business models.
Support and maintenance revenues increased 3% to $785 million in the first nine months of 2017, from $761 million in the same period of 2016. This increase was primarily attributable to continued success selling Cerner Millennium applications and implementing them at client sites.
Services revenue increased 10% to $2.0 billion in the first nine months of 2017, from $1.8 billion in the same period of 2016. This increase was driven by a $124 million increase in professional services due to growth in implementation and consulting activities, and growth in managed services of $54 million as a result of continued demand for our hosting services.


Costs of Revenue

Costs of revenue as a percent of total revenues were 16%17% in the first nine months of both 20172020, compared to 19% in the same period of 2019. The lower costs of revenue as a percent of revenues was primarily driven by lower reimbursed travel
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revenue, which carries a 100% cost of revenue; a lower mix of technology resale revenue, which carries a higher cost of revenue; and 2016.reduced utilization of third-party resources associated with professional services and support and maintenance revenue.


Operating Expenses

Total operating expenses increased 8%decreased 5% to $2.5$2.89 billion in the first nine months of 2017, as2020, compared to $2.3$3.04 billion in the same period of 2016.2019.
 
Sales and client service expenses as a percent of total revenues were 44%46% in the first nine months of 2017,2020, compared to 43%48% in the same period of 2016.2019. These expenses increased 10%decreased 6% to $1.7$1.91 billion in the first nine months of 2017,2020, from $1.5$2.03 billion in the same period of 2016.2019. The growthdecrease in sales and client service expenses reflects hiringwas primarily driven by a $35 million reduction in associate travel costs; the first nine months of services personnel2019 included a $60 million charge in connection with the termination of certain revenue cycle outsourcing contracts, discussed above; and the first nine months of 2019 included a $20 million charge in connection with a client dispute. The divestiture transactions, as further discussed in Note (7) of the Notes, also contributed to support the strong growthreduction in services revenue.
expenses.

Software development expenses as a percent of total revenues were 12%13% in the first nine months of 2017, compared to 11% in the same period of 2016.both 2020 and 2019. Expenditures for software development include ongoing development and enhancement of the Cerner Millennium®and HealtheIntent platforms, with a focus on supporting key initiatives to enhance physician experience, revenue cycle, and population health management, and health network solutions. In addition, the first nine months of 2020 includes costs incurred in connection with our efforts to modernize our platforms, with a focus on development of a software as a service platform. A summary of our total software development expense in the first nine months of 20172020 and 20162019 is as follows:
Nine Months Ended Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)2017 2016(In thousands)20202019
   
Software development costs$526,257
 $531,825
Software development costs$592,025 $591,182 
Capitalized software costs(207,910) (226,640)Capitalized software costs(219,879)(209,458)
Capitalized costs related to share-based payments(2,123) (2,163)Capitalized costs related to share-based payments(4,831)(1,826)
Amortization of capitalized software costs126,346
 102,429
Amortization of capitalized software costs183,786 169,036 
   
Total software development expense$442,570
 $405,451
Total software development expense$551,101 $548,934 
 
General and administrative expenses as a percent of total revenues were 7%10% in the first nine months of 2017,2020, compared to 8%9% in the same period of 2016.2019. These expenses decreased 2% to $263$391 million in the first nine months of 2017,2020, from $267$398 million in the same period of 2016.2019. The decrease in general and administrative expenses includes lower expense for share-based payments, driven by stock option awards forfeited bythe impact of the first nine months of 2019 including a $7 million charge to settle disputes with a former vendor. The divestiture transactions, as further discussed in Note (7) of the Notes, also contributed to the reduction in expenses. In the first nine months of 2020, general and administrative expenses include $118 million of expenses incurred in connection with our former CEO upon his passingoperational improvement initiatives, discussed above, compared to $115 million in July 2017.
the same period of 2019. We expect to incur additional expenses in connection with these efforts in future periods, which may be material.


Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles as a percent of total revenues werewas 1% in the first nine months of 2020, compared to 2% in the first nine monthssame period of both 2017 and 2016.2019. These expenses remained flat at $68decreased 34% to $43 million in the first nine months of both 2017 and 2016.2020, from $65 million in the same period in2019. The decrease in amortization of acquisition-related intangibles is primarily due to the impact of certain intangible assets from the Health Services acquisition in February 2015 becoming fully amortized in the first quarter of 2020. The divestiture transactions, as further discussed in Note (7) of the Notes, also contributed to the reduction in expenses.
Gain on Sale of Businesses

The first nine months of 2020 includes a $217 million gain on sale of businesses. Refer to Note (7) of the Notes for further information regarding divestiture transactions that closed during the first nine months of 2020.
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Non-Operating Items
 
Other income, net was $4$78 million in the first nine months of both 20172020, compared to $45 million in the same period of 2019. The first nine months of 2020 includes a $76 million gain recognized on the disposition of one of our equity investments. The first nine months of 2019 includes a $9 million unrealized gain recognized on that same equity investment. The first nine months of 2019 also includes a $16 million gain recognized on the disposition of another one of our equity investments. The remaining difference is primarily attributable to increased interest expense in the first nine months of 2020, from the $600 million of revolving credit loans we borrowed under our Credit Agreement in May 2019, and 2016.
the $300 million of Series 2020-A Notes we issued in March 2020.


Our effective tax rate was 28.9%21.7% for the first nine months of 2017 and 30.7% in2020, compared to 18.9% for the same period of 2016.2019. The decreaseincrease in the effective tax rate in 2017the first nine months of 2020 is primarily due to a result of the inclusion ofdecrease in net excess tax benefits recognized as discrete items withina component of income tax expense in connection with the tax provision, upon our adoptionexercise of ASU 2016-09stock options and the vesting of restricted share and share unit awards. Also contributing to the increase, are taxes associated with the divestiture transactions that closed in the firstthird quarter of 2017.2020, as further discussed in Note (7) of the Notes. Refer to Note (1)(8) of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statementsNotes for further discussion regarding our adoption of ASU 2016-09 and its impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
effective tax rate.


Operations by Segment


The following table presents a summary of our operating segment information for the first nine months of 20172020 and 2016:2019:

(In thousands)2017 % of Revenue 2016 % of Revenue % Change  (In thousands)2020% of Revenue2019% of Revenue% Change  
    
Domestic Segment    Domestic Segment
Revenues$3,421,429
 100% $3,132,566
 100% 9%Revenues$3,645,397 100%$3,762,205 100%(3)%
    
Costs of revenue549,895
 16% 488,404
 16% 13%Costs of revenue638,284 18%719,119 19%(11)%
Operating expenses1,474,591
 43% 1,304,731
 42% 13%Operating expenses1,724,545 47%1,817,244 48%(5)%
Total costs and expenses2,024,486
 59% 1,793,135
 57% 13%Total costs and expenses2,362,829 65%2,536,363 67%(7)%
    
Domestic operating earnings1,396,943
 41%
1,339,431
 43% 4%Domestic operating earnings1,282,568 35%1,225,842 33%5%
    
Global Segment    
International SegmentInternational Segment
Revenues407,058
 100% 406,088
 100% —%Revenues465,366 100%488,161 100%(5)%
    
Costs of revenue75,065
 18% 75,715
 19% (1)%Costs of revenue59,984 13%74,536 15%(20)%
Operating expenses197,333
 48% 183,824
 45% 7%Operating expenses182,594 39%209,580 43%(13)%
Total costs and expenses272,398
 67% 259,539
 64% 5%Total costs and expenses242,578 52%284,116 58%(15)%
    
Global operating earnings134,660
 33% 146,549
 36% (8)%
International operating earningsInternational operating earnings222,788 48%204,045 42%9%
    
Other, net(790,183) (786,995) —%
Other costs and expenses, netOther costs and expenses, net(985,131)(1,012,049)(3)%
Gain on sale of businessesGain on sale of businesses216,869 — 
    
Consolidated operating earnings$741,420
 $698,985
 6%Consolidated operating earnings$737,094 $417,838 76%

Domestic Segment

Revenues increased 9%decreased 3% to $3.4$3.65 billion in the first nine months of 2017,2020, from $3.1$3.76 billion in the same period of 2016. This increase was2019. The decline in revenues is primarily drivenattributable to the following:

The impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on our operations during the first nine months of 2020, with the largest impact in the areas of licensed software, technology resale, professional services, and reimbursed travel revenues, as further discussed above.

The first nine months of 2020 includes a $126 million reduction in revenues due to the termination of certain revenue cycle outsourcing contracts effective in the fourth quarter of 2019.

33

The first nine months of 2020 includes a $20 million reduction in revenues due to the sale of certain of our revenue cycle outsourcing business operations, as further discussed in Note (7) of the Notes.

These declines are partially offset by growth in services revenue.
increased implementation activity within our federal business; inclusive of ongoing projects with the U.S. Department of Defense and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Refer to Note (2) of the Notes for further information regarding revenues disaggregated by our business models.

Costs of revenue as a percent of revenues were 16%18% in the first nine months of both 20172020, compared to 19% in the same period of 2019. The lower costs of revenue as a percent of revenues was primarily driven by lower reimbursed travel revenue, which carries a 100% cost of revenue; a lower mix of technology resale revenue, which carries a higher cost of revenue; and 2016.
reduced utilization of third-party resources associated with professional services and support and maintenance revenue.

Operating expenses as a percent of revenues were 43%47% in the first nine months of 2017,2020, compared to 42%48% in the same period of 2016.2019. These expenses decreased 5% to $1.72 billion in the first nine months of 2020, from $1.82 billion in the same period of 2019. The increase as a percent of revenues reflects a higher mix of servicesdecrease in 2017 thatoperating expenses was primarily driven by servicesa $27 million reduction in associate travel costs; the first nine months of 2019 included a $60 million charge in connection with the termination of certain revenue growth.
cycle outsourcing contracts, discussed above; and the first nine months of 2019 included a $20 million charge in connection with a client dispute.


GlobalInternational Segment

Revenues were flat at $407decreased 5% to $465 million in the first nine months of 2017, and $4062020, from $488 million in the same period of 2016.
2019. The decline in revenues is primarily due to a $22 million reduction from the sale of certain of our business operations primarily conducted in Germany and Spain, as further discussed in Note (7) of the Notes. Additionally, we believe the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted our operations for the first nine months of 2020, as further discussed above. Refer to Note (2) of the Notes for further information regarding revenues disaggregated by our business models.

Costs of revenue as a percent of revenues were flat at $75 million13% in the first nine months of 2017, and $76 million2020, compared to 15% in the same period of 2016.
2019. The lower costs of revenue as a percent of revenues was primarily driven by lower reimbursed travel revenue, which carries a 100% cost of revenue; a lower mix of technology resale revenue, which carries a higher cost of revenue; and reduced utilization of third-party resources associated with professional services and support and maintenance revenue.

Operating expenses as a percent of revenues were 48%39% in the first nine months of 2017,2020, compared to 45%43% in the same period in 2016. The increase as a percent of revenues is primarily due to an increase in non-personnel expenses.

Other, net
2019. These expenses remained relatively flat at $790decreased 13% to $183 million in the first nine months of 2017 and $7872020, from $210 millionin the same period of2016. 2019. The decrease in operating expenses is primarily due to the sale of certain of our business operations in Germany and Spain, as further discussed in Note (7) of the Notes.


Other Costs and Expenses, net

These expenses decreased 3% to $985 million in the first nine months of 2020, from $1.01 billion in the same period of 2019. The decrease is primarily due to decreased expenses incurred in the first nine months of 2020 as a result of our operational improvement initiatives, discussed above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our liquidity is influenced by many factors, including the amount and timing of our revenues, our cash collections from our clients and the amount we invest in software development, acquisitions, capital expenditures, and in recent years, our share repurchase and dividend programs.
Our principal sources of liquidity are our cash, cash equivalents, which primarily consist of money market funds commercial paper and time deposits with original maturities of less than 90 days, short-term investments, and short-term investments.borrowings under our Credit Agreement and other sources of debt financing. At September 30, 2017,2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of $573$419 million and short-term investments of $279$473 million, as compared to cash and cash equivalents of $171$442 million and short-term investments of $186$100 million at December 31, 2016.28, 2019.
The non-U.S. subsidiaries
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We have entered into a Credit Agreement with a syndicate of lenders that provides for which we have elected to indefinitely reinvest earnings outside of the U.S. held approximately 24% of our aggregate cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments at September 30, 2017. As part of our current business strategy, we plan to indefinitely reinvest the earnings of these foreign operations; however, should the earnings of these foreign operations be repatriated, we would accrue and pay tax on such earnings, which may be material.

We maintain a $100 million multi-yearan unsecured $1.00 billion revolving credit loan facility, which expires in October 2020. The facility provides an unsecured revolving line of credit for working capital purposes, along with a letter of credit facility.facility up to $100 million (which is a sub-facility of the $1.00 billion revolving credit loan facility). We have the ability to increase the maximum capacity to $200 million$1.20 billion at any time during the facility'sCredit Agreement's term, subject to lender participation.participation and the satisfaction of specified conditions. The Credit Agreement expires in May 2024. As of September 30, 2017,2020, we had no outstanding borrowings under this facility; however, we had $42 million of outstandingrevolving credit loans and letters of credit of $600 million and $30 million, respectively; which reduced our available borrowing capacity to $58 million.$370 million under the Credit Agreement.


We have also entered into note purchase agreements pursuant to which we may issue and sell unsecured senior promissory notes to those purchasers electing to purchase. See Note (5) of the Notes for further information.

We believe that our present cash position, together with cash generated from operations, short-term investments and, if necessary,as appropriate, remaining availability under our available lineCredit Agreement and other sources of credit,debt financing, will be sufficient to meet anticipated cash requirements for the next 12 months.
The following table summarizes our cash flows in the first ninemonths of 20172020 and 2016:2019:
 Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)20202019
Cash flows from operating activities$924,045 $875,524 
Cash flows from investing activities(596,825)(436,387)
Cash flows from financing activities(345,527)(312,805)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash(4,382)(4,028)
Total change in cash and cash equivalents(22,689)122,304 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period441,843 374,126 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$419,154 $496,430 
Free cash flow (non-GAAP)$461,282 $275,652 
 Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)2017 2016
    
Cash flows from operating activities$958,765
 $907,698
Cash flows from investing activities(593,689) (695,595)
Cash flows from financing activities27,639
 (179,785)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash9,478
 (2,943)
Total change in cash and cash equivalents402,193
 29,375
    
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period170,861
 402,122
    
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$573,054
 $431,497
    
Free cash flow (non-GAAP)$486,360
 $351,034

Refer to Note (1) of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion regarding our adoption of ASU 2016-09 in the first quarter of 2017, which impacted the classification of certain items within our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.


Cash from Operating Activities
 Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)20202019
Cash collections from clients$4,085,527 $4,233,269 
Cash paid to employees and suppliers and other(3,051,302)(3,271,818)
Cash paid for interest(31,661)(20,756)
Cash paid for taxes, net of refunds(78,519)(65,171)
Total cash from operations$924,045 $875,524 
 Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)2017 2016
    
Cash collections from clients$4,060,904
 $3,796,652
Cash paid to employees and suppliers and other(2,917,105) (2,707,928)
Cash paid for interest(17,175) (17,397)
Cash paid for taxes, net of refunds(167,859) (163,629)
    
Total cash from operations$958,765
 $907,698

Cash flowflows from operations increased $51$49 million in the first ninemonths of 20172020 when compared to the same period of 20162019, due primarily to an increase in cash impacting earnings, partially offsetearnings. This increase also includes the impact of $56 million of certain federal payroll taxes related to pay cycles in the second and third quarters of 2020, for which we have deferred remittance to the taxing authority as permitted under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act"). We expect to continue to defer the remittance of such payroll taxes for the remainder of 2020, as permitted by an increasethe CARES Act, for which the remittances to the taxing authority are to be paid in cash used to fund working capital

requirements. Duringequal amounts at the first ninemonthsend of 20172021 and 2016, we received total client cash collections of $4.1 billion and $3.8 billion,2022, respectively. Days sales outstanding was 7381 days in the third quarter of 2017, compared to 73 days in2020 and the second quarter of 2017 and 762020, compared to 74 days infor the third quarter of 2016. Revenues provided under support and maintenance agreements represent recurring cash flows. We expect these revenues to continue to grow as the base2019.

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Cash from Investing Activities
 Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)20202019
Capital purchases$(238,053)$(388,588)
Capitalized software development costs(224,710)(211,284)
Purchases of investments, net of sales and maturities(298,069)189,279 
Purchases of other intangibles(29,698)(25,794)
Sale of businesses229,471 — 
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired(35,766)— 
Total cash flows from investing activities$(596,825)$(436,387)
 Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)2017 2016
    
Capital purchases$(262,372) $(327,861)
Capitalized software development costs(210,033) (228,803)
Purchases of investments, net of sales and maturities(99,098) (125,709)
Purchases of other intangibles(22,186) (13,222)
    
Total cash flows from investing activities$(593,689) $(695,595)

Cash flows from investing activities consist primarily of capital spending, investment, acquisition, and short-term investmentdivestiture activities.


Our capital spending in the first ninemonths of 20172020 was driven by capitalized equipment purchases primarily to support growth in our managed services business, investments in a cloud infrastructure to support cloud-based solutions, building and improvement purchases to support our facilities requirements and capitalized spending to support our ongoing software development initiatives. Capital purchases in 2017for the remainder of 2020 are expected to remain lower than 2016continue to be below 2019 levels, as we completedprimarily driven by reduced purchases to support our facilities requirements, reflective of the first two phasescompletion of construction on the current phases of our Innovations Campus (office space development located in Kansas City, Missouri) in January 2017.the third quarter of 2020.


Short-term investment activity historically consists of the investment of cash generated by our business in excess of what is necessary to fund operations. The 2020 activity includes the investment of proceeds from the sale of certain business operations in the third quarter of 2020, as discussed below. The 2019 activity was impacted by changes made to our investment mix, such that our excess funds were more heavily held in cash and cash equivalents versus short-term and long-term investments.

Investment activity also includes the sale of one of our equity investments in August 2020 for cash proceeds of $90 million. Refer to Note (4) of the Notes for further information regarding this investment.

In the second quarter of 2020, we paid $35 million of purchase price consideration in connection with our acquisition of a consulting company specializing in providing cybersecurity solutions to clients in the healthcare industry. In the first quarter of 2020, we paid $1 million of purchase price consideration in connection with our October 2019 acquisition of AbleVets, LLC, upon finalization of working capital adjustments. We expect to continue short-term investment activity overseeking and completing strategic business acquisitions, investments, and relationships that are complementary to our business.

On July 1, 2020, we sold certain of our business operations, primarily conducted in Germany and Spain, for cash proceeds of $224 million. We also sold certain of our revenue cycle outsourcing business operations on August 3, 2020. Refer to Note (7) of the remainder of 2017, as weNotes for further information regarding these sales. We expect strong levels of cash flow.to continue to evaluate and complete divestiture transactions that are strategic to our operational improvement initiatives discussed above.


Cash from Financing Activities
 Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)20202019
Long-term debt issuance$300,000 $600,000 
Repayment of long-term debt(2,500)— 
Cash from option exercises (net of taxes paid in connection with shares surrendered by associates)180,057 173,480 
Treasury stock purchases(650,000)(1,020,542)
Dividends paid(166,277)(57,293)
Other(6,807)(8,450)
Total cash flows from financing activities$(345,527)$(312,805)

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 Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)2017 2016
    
Cash from option exercises (net of taxes paid in connection with shares surrendered by associates)$53,699
 $22,364
Treasury stock purchases(23,389) (200,075)
Contingent consideration payments for acquisition of businesses(2,671) (2,074)
    
Total cash flows from financing activities$27,639
 $(179,785)
In March 2020, we issued $300 million aggregate principal amount of 2.50% senior unsecured Series 2020-A notes. In May 2019, we borrowed $600 million of revolving credit loans under our Credit Agreement. Refer to Note (5) of the Notes for further information regarding these obligations.

We may incur additional indebtedness in the next 12 months, which will primarily be dependent on cash flows from operations as well as the timing of business acquisition and capital allocation activity. The proceeds from such indebtedness would be deployed in accordance with our capital allocation strategy, which may include share repurchases and dividend payments (as discussed further below), as well as for general corporate purposes, including acquisitions and investments. The terms and availability of any such debt financing may be impacted by economic and financial market conditions, as well as our financial condition and results of operations at the time we seek such financing, and there can be no assurances that we would be able to obtain such financing on terms that will be acceptable or advantageous to us.

Cash inflows from stock option exercises are dependent on a number of factors, including the price of our common stock, grant activity under our stock option and equity plans, and overall market volatility. We expect net cash inflows from stock option exercises to continue throughout 20172020 based on the number of exercisable options as of September 30, 20172020 and our current stock price.


During the first nine months of 2017,2020 and 2019, we repurchased 0.49.2 million shares of our common stock under our share repurchase programs for total consideration of $23 million.$650 million and 14.4 million shares of our common stock for total consideration of $1.0 billion, respectively. As of September 30, 2017, $77 million2020, $1.03 billion remains available for repurchase under the program authorized by our Board of Directors in November 2016, and an additional $500 million remains available forshare repurchase under the program authorized in May 2017.program. We may continue to repurchase shares under these programsthis program in 2017, which2020, but such repurchases will be dependent on a number of factors, including the price of our common stock. Although we may continue to repurchase shares, therestock and other cash flow needs. There is no assurance that we will repurchase up to the full amount remaining under the programs.program.


During the first nine monthsOn December 12, 2019, our Board of 2016, we repurchased 3.7 million sharesDirectors declared a cash dividend of $0.18 per share on our issued and outstanding common stock, which was paid on January 9, 2020 to shareholders of record as of December 27, 2019. On March 19, 2020, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.18 per share on our issued and outstanding common stock, which was paid on April 17, 2020 to shareholders of record as of April 3, 2020. On May 21, 2020, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.18 per share on our issued and outstanding common stock, which was paid on July 17, 2020 to shareholders of record as of June 5, 2020. On September 10, 2020, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.18 per share on our issued and outstanding common stock, which was paid on October 13, 2020 to shareholders of record as of September 25, 2020. Subject to declaration by our Board of Directors, we expect to continue paying quarterly cash dividends as a part of our current capital allocation strategy. Future dividends will be subject to the determination, declaration and discretion of our Board of Directors and compliance with covenants under our outstanding debt agreements.

The source of funds for such repurchases and dividends may include cash generated from operations, liquidation of investment holdings and other dispositions of assets, and the incurrence of indebtedness. Refer to Note (10) of the Notes for further information regarding our share repurchase programs for total consideration of $200 million.and dividend programs.



Free Cash Flow (Non-GAAP)
 Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
(In thousands)2020201920202019
Cash flows from operating activities (GAAP)$381,949 $351,448 $924,045 $875,524 
Capital purchases(71,757)(110,714)(238,053)(388,588)
Capitalized software development costs(73,317)(66,382)(224,710)(211,284)
Free cash flow (non-GAAP)$236,875 $174,352 $461,282 $275,652 
 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)2017 2016 2017 2016
        
Cash flows from operating activities (GAAP)$362,937
 $311,064
 $958,765
 $907,698
Capital purchases(73,000) (110,266) (262,372) (327,861)
Capitalized software development costs(67,067) (73,628) (210,033) (228,803)
        
Free cash flow (non-GAAP)$222,870
 $127,170
 $486,360
 $351,034


Free cash flow increased $135$186 million in the first ninemonths of 20172020 compared to the same period in 2016. This increase is2019, primarily due to increased operating cash flow, along with reduced capital purchases as discussed above.expenditures. Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure used by management, along with GAAP results, to analyze our earnings quality and overall cash generation of the business.business, and for management compensation purposes. We define free cash flow as cash flows from operationsoperating activities reduced by capital purchases and capitalized software development costs. The table above sets forth a reconciliation of free cash flow to cash flows from operating activities, which we believe to beis the GAAP financial measure most directly comparable to free cash flow. The presentation of free cash flow is not meant to be considered in isolation, nor as a substitute for, or superior to, GAAP results, and investors should be aware that non-GAAP measures have inherent limitations and should be read only in conjunction with
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our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. Free cash flow may also be different from similar non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies and may not be comparable to similarly titled captions of other companies due to potential inconsistencies in the method of calculation. We believe free cash flow is important to enable investors to better understand and evaluate our ongoing operating results and allows for greater transparency in the review and understanding of our overall financial, operational and economic performance, because free cash flow takes into account certain capital expenditures necessary to operate our business.



Forward Looking Statements

All statements contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q that do not directly and exclusively relate to historical facts constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs, expectations and assumptions of Cerner's management with respect to future events and are subject to a number of significant risks and uncertainties. It is important to note that Cerner's performance, and actual results, financial condition or business could differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements. The words "will," "believe," "plans," "may," "expect," "expected," "anticipated," "mitigate," "strategy," "continue," "opportunities," "future," "estimate" or "predict" or the negative of these words, variations thereof or similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. For example, our forward-looking statements include statements regarding our expectations, opportunities or plans for growth; our operational improvement initiatives and the results expected to be realized from those initiatives; our expectations with respect to realizing revenue from backlog; our anticipated expenses, cash requirements and sources of liquidity; the expected impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our results of operations, financial condition, business and operations; and our capital allocation strategies and plans. These statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause or contribute to actual results differing materially, including without limitation: the possibility of significant costs and reputational harm related to product and services-related liabilities; potential claims for system errors and warranties; the possibility of interruption at our data centers or client support facilities, or those of third parties with whom we have contracted (such as public cloud providers), that could expose us to significant costs and reputational harm; the possibility of increased expenses, exposure to legal claims and regulatory actions and reputational harm associated with a cyberattack or other breach in our IT security or the IT security of third parties on which we rely; our proprietary technology may be subject to claims for infringement or misappropriation of intellectual property rights of others, or may be infringed or misappropriated by others or subject to claims related to open source licenses; material adverse resolution of legal proceedings or other claims or reputational harm stemming from negative publicity related to such claims or legal proceedings; risks associated with our global operations, including without limitation, greater difficulty in collecting accounts receivable; risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; changes in tax laws, regulations or guidance that could adversely affect our tax position and/or challenges to our tax positions in the U.S. and non-U.S. countries; the uncertainty surrounding the impact of the departure of the United Kingdom from the European Union on our global business; risks associated with the unexpected loss or recruitment and retention of key personnel or the failure to successfully develop and execute succession planning to assure transitions of key associates and their knowledge, relationships and expertise; risks related to our dependence on strategic relationships and third party suppliers, including any impact to the business of such suppliers resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic; risks inherent with business acquisitions or strategic investments and the failure to achieve projected synergies; risks associated with volatility and disruption resulting from global economic or market conditions, including any impact thereon resulting from events such as the COVID-19 pandemic; significant competition and our ability to anticipate or respond quickly to market changes, changing technologies and evolving pricing and deployment methods and to bring competitive new solutions, devices, features and services to market in a timely fashion; managing growth in the new markets in which we offer solutions, health care devices or services; long sales cycles for our solutions and services; risks inherent in contracting with government clients, including without limitation, complying with strict compliance and disclosure obligations, navigating complex procurement rules and processes and defending against bid protests; risks associated with our outstanding and future indebtedness, such as compliance with restrictive covenants, which may limit our flexibility to operate our business; impact of the phase-out of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) on the interest rates under our financing agreements and the related interest rate swap related to the outstanding indebtedness under our Credit Agreement; the potential for losses resulting from asset impairment charges; changing political, economic, regulatory and judicial influences, which could impact the purchasing practices and operations of our clients and increase costs to deliver compliant solutions and services; non-compliance with laws, government regulation or certain industry initiatives or failure to deliver solutions or services that enable our clients to comply with laws or regulations applicable to their businesses; variations in our quarterly operating results; potential variations in our sales forecasts compared to actual sales; volatility in the trading price of our common stock and the timing and volume of market activity, including volatility resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic; inability to achieve expected operating efficiencies and sustain or improve operating expense reductions; risks that Cerner's revenue
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growth may be lower than anticipated and/or that the mix of revenue shifts to low margin revenue; risks that our capital allocation strategy will not be fully implemented or enhance long-term shareholder value; risks that Cerner's business may be negatively affected as a result of future proxy fights or the actions of activist shareholders; and the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic and measures taken in response thereto could adversely affect our financial condition, future bookings and results of operations, including risks associated with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on collecting accounts receivable. Additional discussion of these and other risks, uncertainties and factors affecting Cerner's business is contained in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including those under the caption "Risk Factors" in our latest annual report on Form 10-K and in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, or in materials incorporated herein or therein by reference. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance or results. The reader should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements since the statements speak only as of the date that they are made. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or changes in our business, results of operations or financial condition over time.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk


No material changes.


Item 4. Controls and Procedures

a)Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.


The Company's Interima)Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO") have evaluated, of the effectiveness of the Company’sour disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q (the "Evaluation Date"). TheyBased upon that evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, theseour disclosure controls and procedures were designed, and were effective, to ensure that material information relating to the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries would be made known to them by others within those entities and would be disclosed on a timely basis. The CEO and CFO have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed, and are effective, to giveprovide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by the Companyus in reports that it fileswe file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time period specified in theSEC rules and forms of the SEC. They have also concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that are filed or submitted under the Exchange Act areis accumulated and communicated to the Company’sour management, including our CEO and CFO, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

b)Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting.


During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2017, progress continued on a plan that calls for modifications and enhancements to the Company’s internal controlsb)Changes in Internal Control over financial reporting in relation to our upcoming adoption of the new revenue recognition standard effective in the first quarter of 2018. Such plan resulted in changes to certain process and procedures during the quarter. Specifically, we implemented/modified internal controls to address:Financial Reporting.

Monitoring of the adoption process
The gathering of information and evaluation of analysis used in the development of disclosures required prior to the new standard’s effective date

As we continue the implementation process, we expect that there will be additional changes in internal controls over financial reporting.

During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2017, we implemented a new human resources administration and payroll system. Certain internal controls were modified in connection with the implementation of this new system.


There were no other changes in the Company’sour internal controls over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2017,2020, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’sour internal controls over financial reporting.

c)Limitations on Controls.


The Company’s management, including its CEO and CFO, has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and are effective at that reasonable assurance level. However, the Company’sc)Limitations on Controls.

Our management can provide no assurance that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting can prevent all errors and all fraud under all circumstances. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been or will be detected. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.


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Part II. Other Information


Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are involved in litigation which is incidental to our business. There have been no material developments to the legal proceedings previously reported in our 2019 annual report on Form 10-K (the "Form 10-K"), as supplemented by our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020. In our opinion, no litigation to which we are currently a party is likely to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

For information regarding risk factors that could affect our business, results of operations, financial condition or future results, see Part I, "Item 1A. Risk Factors" of the Form 10-K. In addition to the risk factors disclosed therein, we are supplementing those identified in the Form 10-K with the following risk factor, as described below. For further information on our forward-looking statements see Part I, Item 2 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic and measures taken in response thereto could materially adversely affect our financial condition, future bookings and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and are difficult to predict. The COVID-19 pandemic and efforts to control its spread have significantly curtailed the movement of people, goods and services worldwide, including in most or all of the regions in which we sell our Solutions and Services and conduct our business operations. It has caused us to modify our business practices (including requiring most of our employees to work remotely and restricting employee travel, developing social distancing plans for our associates and canceling or postponing in person participation in meetings, events and conferences), and we may take further actions as required by government authorities, our clients or as determined to be in the best interests of our employees, clients and business partners. These measures and our clients' focus on the pandemic have also resulted in delays in marketing, selling and implementing our Solutions and Services. There is no certainty that such measures will be sufficient to mitigate the risks posed by the virus and our ability to perform critical functions could be harmed.

The magnitude and duration of the disruption and resulting decline in business activity is uncertain. In particular, we have experienced and may continue to experience a negative financial impact due to a number of factors, including without limitation:

Cerner's efforts and investments in assisting its clients in their response to the pandemic, which includes redirecting development and consulting resources and priorities, and waiving, deferring or reducing fees for COVID-19-related emergency expansions;
Near-term declines in new business bookings as our clients focus on helping their patients during the crisis, rather than making new or expanded purchasing decisions;
Longer-term declines in bookings for new Solutions and Services to the extent that the pandemic results in a sustained global or U.S. economic downturn;
Delays in implementing our Solutions and Services, including delays in the pace of completion of existing projects, such as the MHS Genesis project with the U.S. Department of Defense and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs’ Electronic Health Record Modernization project, while client resources are reallocated or dedicated to fighting the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States;
Supply chain interruptions;
Financial pressures being put on our clients, which may in turn result in a delay in collections or non-payment from our clients; and
Financial pressures being put on our strategic investments for which we hold an equity interest increases the risk of asset impairment.

Accordingly, we expect the COVID-19 pandemic to have a negative impact on our revenues and results of operations from our 2020 second quarter and beyond. The size and duration of this impact is difficult to predict and forward-looking estimates provided by the Company are subject to the risks discussed herein.

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will impact our financial condition and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and difficult to predict, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the pandemic, its severity, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, its impact on our strategic
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investments, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may experience material adverse impacts to our business as a result of the global or U.S. economic impact and any recession that has occurred or may occur in the future. There are no comparable recent events that provide guidance as to the effect the COVID-19 pandemic may have, and, as a result, the ultimate impact of the pandemic on our operations and financial results is highly uncertain and subject to change.

Additionally, concerns over the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic have caused extreme volatility in financial and other capital markets which has and may continue to impact our stock price. To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business and financial results, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described under "Risk Factors" in the Form 10-K, such as those described in our risk factors titled "We depend on strategic relationships and third party suppliers and our revenue and operating earnings could suffer if we fail to manage these relationships properly," "Volatility and disruption resulting from global economic or market conditions could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition", "We operate in intensely competitive and dynamic industries, and our ability to successfully compete and continue to grow our business depends on our ability to anticipate or respond quickly to market changes, changing technologies and evolving pricing and deployment methods and to bring competitive new Solutions and Services and features to market in a timely fashion", "Our success depends upon the recruitment and retention of key personnel”, and those under the heading "Risks Related to our Common Stock."

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds


(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities


The table below provides information with respect to Common Stock purchases by the Company during the third fiscal quarter of 2017.2020.
  Total Number of Shares Purchased (a) Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (b) Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (b)
Period    
July 2, 2017 - July 29, 2017 
 $
 
 $600,000,000
July 30, 2017 - August 26, 2017 285,726
 64.25
 285,726
 581,642,586
August 27, 2017 - September 30, 2017 77,556
 65.00
 77,300
 576,618,633
         
Total 363,282
 $64.41
 363,026
  
(a)OfTotal Number of Shares PurchasedAverage Price Paid per ShareTotal Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (a)Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the 363,282 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, presented in the table above, 256 were originally granted to employees as restricted stock pursuant to our 2011 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the "Omnibus Plan"). The Omnibus Plan allows for the withholding of shares to satisfy the minimum tax obligations due upon the vesting of restricted stock. Pursuant to the Omnibus Plan, the 256 shares reflected above were relinquished by employees in exchange for our agreement to pay U.S. federal and state withholding obligations resulting from the vesting of the Company’s restricted stock.Plans or Programs (a)

Period
(b)July 1, 2020 - July 31, 2020During the nine months ended— $— — $1,033,733,300 
August 1, 2020 - August 31, 2020— — — 1,033,733,300 
September 1, 2020 - September 30, 2017, the Company repurchased 0.4 million shares of our common stock under our share repurchase programs for consideration of $23 million, excluding transaction costs, pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 plans.2020— — — 1,033,733,300 
Total— $— — 

As announced on November 14, 2016,
(a)    Under our current share repurchase program, which was initially approved by our Board of Directors on May 23, 2017 (and announced May 25, 2017) and most recently amended on December 12, 2019 (as announced on December 13, 2019), the Company is authorized a shareto repurchase program for an aggregate purchase of up to $500 million$3.70 billion of shares of our common stock, excluding transaction costs. The repurchases are to be effectuated in the open market, by block purchase, in privately negotiated transactions, or through other transactions managed by broker-dealers. No time limit was set for the completion of the program. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we repurchased 9.2 million shares for total consideration of $650 million under the program pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 plans. As of September 30, 2017, $77 million remained2020, $1.03 billion remains available for repurchase under this plan. No time limit has been setthe program. Refer to Note (10) of the Notes for completion of this program.

As announced on May 25, 2017,further information regarding our Board of Directors authorized a separate share repurchase program for an aggregate purchaseprogram.


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Table of up to $500 million of our common stock, excluding transaction costs. As of September 30, 2017, $500 million remained available for repurchase under this plan. No time limit has been set for completion of this program.Contents


Item 6. Exhibits

(a)Exhibits
(a)10.1Exhibits
10.1
10.210.2*
10.3
10.4

10.510.3*
10.631.1
10.7
10.8
10.9
10.10
10.11
31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2
101.INSInline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File - formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.
*Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.


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Table of Contents
SIGNATURES


Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
CERNER CORPORATION
CERNER CORPORATIONRegistrant
Registrant
Date: October 27, 201729, 2020By:/s/ Marc G. Naughton
Marc G. Naughton
Executive Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer (duly authorized
officer and principal financial officer)