Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549 

FORM 10-Q 

ýQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended July 1, 2018March 31, 2019
OR 
¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                  to                     
Commission File Number: 001-13687 

CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Kansas
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  
48-0905805
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
1707 Market Place Blvd
Irving, Texas
  75063
(Address of principal executive offices)  (Zip Code)
(972) 258-8507
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report) 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes   ý     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).     Yes   ý     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” “smaller reporting company”company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
Large accelerated filer¨Accelerated filer¨
Non-accelerated filerýSmaller reporting company¨
Emerging growth company
¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  ý
As of August 6, 2018,April 30, 2019, an aggregate of 200 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share were outstanding.

CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Financial Statements.
CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands, except share information)
 July 1,
2018
 December 31,
2017
 March 31,
2019
 December 30,
2018
ASSETS        
Current assets:        
Cash and cash equivalents $88,887
 $67,200
 $112,030
 $63,170
Restricted cash 207
 112
 266
 151
Accounts receivable 18,154
 20,061
 20,747
 24,020
Income taxes receivable 6,073
 10,960
 
 10,160
Inventories 20,671
 22,000
 24,593
 23,807
Prepaid expenses 28,745
 20,398
 18,712
 25,424
Total current assets 162,737
 140,731
 176,348
 146,732
Property and equipment, net 553,780
 570,021
 533,610
 539,185
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 544,592
 
Goodwill 484,438
 484,438
 484,438
 484,438
Intangible assets, net 478,682
 480,377
 470,242
 477,085
Other noncurrent assets 18,062
 19,477
 18,883
 18,725
Total assets $1,697,699
 $1,695,044
 $2,228,113
 $1,666,165
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY        
Current liabilities:        
Bank indebtedness and other long-term debt, current portion $7,600
 $7,600
 $7,600
 $7,600
Capital lease obligations, current portion 634
 596
Operating lease liability, current portion 47,509
 
Accounts payable 34,050
 31,374
 38,848
 31,410
Accrued expenses 37,644
 36,616
 40,405
 36,030
Unearned revenues 19,959
 21,050
 22,706
 18,124
Accrued interest 8,296
 8,277
 2,417
 7,463
Other current liabilities 5,000
 4,776
 5,332
 5,955
Total current liabilities 113,183
 110,289
 164,817
 106,582
Capital lease obligations, less current portion 12,674
 13,010
Operating lease obligations, less current portion 529,972
 
Bank indebtedness and other long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs, less current portion 963,243
 965,213
 960,715
 961,514
Deferred tax liability 110,672
 114,186
 108,450
 107,058
Accrued insurance 8,876
 8,311
 9,861
 9,861
Other noncurrent liabilities 223,114
 221,887
 190,510
 238,579
Total liabilities 1,431,762
 1,432,896
 1,964,325
 1,423,594
Stockholder’s equity:        
Common stock, $0.01 par value; authorized 1,000 shares; 200 shares issued as of July 1, 2018 and December 31, 2017 
 
Common stock, $0.01 par value; authorized 1,000 shares; 200 shares issued as of March 31, 2019 and December 30, 2018 
 
Capital in excess of par value 359,466
 359,233
 359,696
 359,570
Accumulated deficit (91,943) (95,199) (94,414) (115,660)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (1,586) (1,886) (1,494) (1,339)
Total stockholder’s equity 265,937
 262,148
 263,788
 242,571
Total liabilities and stockholder’s equity $1,697,699
 $1,695,044
 $2,228,113
 $1,666,165

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
COSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands)
Three Months Ended Six Months EndedThree Months Ended
July 1,
2018
 July 2,
2017
 July 1,
2018
 July 2,
2017
March 31,
2019
 April 1,
2018
REVENUES:          
Food and beverage sales$96,258
 $97,411
 $214,635
 $221,830
$117,815
 $118,377
Entertainment and merchandise sales115,904
 109,724
 247,021
 245,641
149,677
 131,117
Total company venue sales212,162
 207,135
 461,656
 467,471
267,492

249,494
Franchise fees and royalties5,196
 4,649
 10,606
 9,272
5,820
 5,410
Total revenues217,358
 211,784
 472,262
 476,743
273,312

254,904
OPERATING COSTS AND EXPENSES:    
 
   
Company venue operating costs (excluding Depreciation and amortization):
    
 
   
Cost of food and beverage22,894
 22,823
 50,254
 51,040
26,652
 27,360
Cost of entertainment and merchandise8,421
 6,854
 17,802
 15,341
11,746
 9,382
Total cost of food, beverage, entertainment and merchandise31,315
 29,677
 68,056
 66,381
38,398

36,742
Labor expenses62,618
 60,351
 129,966
 126,738
72,505
 67,349
Rent expense24,714
 23,906
 48,764
 47,225
Lease costs27,027
 24,049
Other venue operating expenses37,069
 35,967
 75,132
 72,716
35,297

38,062
Total company venue operating costs155,716
 149,901
 321,918
 313,060
173,227
 166,202
Other costs and expenses:
    
 
Other costs and expenses:   
Advertising expense12,977
 12,237
 26,952
 25,619
12,253
 13,974
General and administrative expenses13,416
 13,719
 26,325
 29,090
15,243
 12,909
Depreciation and amortization25,493
 27,623
 52,065
 55,928
24,334
 26,572
Transaction, severance and related litigation costs191
 490
 725
 570
23
 534
Asset impairments1,591
 
 1,591
 
Total operating costs and expenses209,384
 203,970
 429,576
 424,267
225,080

220,191
Operating income7,974
 7,814
 42,686
 52,476
48,232

34,713
Interest expense19,113
 17,061
 37,671
 34,123
19,808
 18,557
Income (loss) before income taxes(11,139) (9,247) 5,015
 18,353
Income tax expense (benefit)(2,174) (3,317) 1,759
 7,061
Net income (loss)$(8,965) $(5,930) $3,256
 $11,292
Income before income taxes28,424

16,156
Income tax expense7,178
 3,933
Net income$21,246

$12,223

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements.


CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Unaudited)
(in thousands)

 Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
 July 1,
2018
 July 2,
2017
 July 1,
2018
 July 2,
2017
Net income (loss)$(8,965) $(5,930) $3,256
 $11,292
Components of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
       
Foreign currency translation adjustments145
 420
 300
 539
Comprehensive income (loss)$(8,820) $(5,510) $3,556
 $11,831
 Three Months Ended
 March 31,
2019
 April 1,
2018
Net income$21,246
 $12,223
Components of other comprehensive income, net of tax:
   
Foreign currency translation adjustments(155) 154
Comprehensive income$21,091
 $12,377

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements.



CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands)
Six Months EndedThree Months Ended
July 1,
2018
 July 2,
2017
March 31,
2019
 April 1,
2018
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:      
Net income$3,256
 $11,292
$21,246
 $12,223
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:   
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:   
Depreciation and amortization52,065
 55,928
24,334
 26,572
Deferred income taxes(3,626) (3,589)1,448
 (672)
Stock-based compensation expense227
 336
1,162
 64
Amortization of lease related liabilities(508) (237)
 (211)
Amortization of original issue discount and deferred debt financing costs2,226
 2,273
1,059
 1,137
Loss on asset disposals, net2,038
 3,716
954
 1,237
Asset impairments1,591
 
Non-cash rent expense2,931
 2,101
Non-cash lease expense732
 1,181
Change in operating lease liabilities(152) 
Other adjustments348
 9
112
 (26)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:      
Accounts receivable2,380
 2,770
3,369
 3,071
Inventories1,314
 (7,453)(864) (1,641)
Prepaid expenses(7,430) (2,587)(2,079) 442
Accounts payable1,439
 8,031
7,692
 2,195
Accrued expenses1,134
 (3,090)1,638
 1,916
Unearned revenues(1,089) 2,905
4,578
 3,908
Accrued interest14
 54
(4,975) (5,010)
Income taxes (receivable) payable4,964
 2,933
Income taxes receivable10,224
 4,426
Deferred landlord contributions1,751
 1,210

 1,752
Net cash provided by operating activities65,025
 76,602
70,478
 52,564
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:      
Purchases of property and equipment(36,808) (47,045)(18,372) (18,060)
Development of internal use software(1,022) (2,075)(282) (515)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment412
 237
21
 158
Net cash used in investing activities(37,418) (48,883)(18,633) (18,417)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:      
Repayments on senior term loan(3,800) (3,800)(1,900) (1,900)
Repayments on note payable
 (13)
Proceeds from sale leaseback transaction
 4,073
Payment of debt financing costs(395) 
Payments on capital lease obligations(295) (218)
Payments on financing lease obligations(168) (145)
Payments on sale leaseback obligations(1,384) (1,161)(803) (688)

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CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS, CONT'D
(Unaudited)
(in thousands)

Return of capital
 1,447

 
Net cash used in financing activities(5,874) 328
(2,871) (2,733)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash49
 239
1
 46
Change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash21,782
 28,286
48,975
 31,460
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period67,312
 61,291
63,321
 67,312
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$89,094
 $89,577
$112,296
 $98,772
      
      
Six Months EndedThree Months Ended
July 1,
2018
 July 2,
2017
March 31,
2019
 April 1,
2018
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:      
Interest paid$35,906
 $31,861
$23,799
 $22,546
Income taxes paid, net$421
 $7,716
Income taxes (refunded) paid, net$(4,493) $180
NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:      
Accrued construction costs$1,352
 $2,214
$1,062
 $634
 

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the statement of financial position that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the statement of cash flows.
 March 31,
2019
 April 1,
2018
 Three Months Ended
Cash and cash equivalents$112,030
 $98,686
Restricted cash(1)
266
 86
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$112,296
 $98,772
__________________

(1)
Restricted cash represents cash balances held by the Association that are restricted for use in our advertising, entertainment and media programs.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Note 1. Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:
Description of Business
The use of the terms “CEC Entertainment,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” throughout these unaudited notes to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements refer to CEC Entertainment, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
We currently operate and franchise Chuck E. Cheese’s and Peter Piper Pizza family dining and entertainment venues in 47 states and 14 foreign countries and territories. As of March 31, 2019 we and our franchisees operated a total of 748 venues, of which 554 were Company-operated venues located in 44 states and Canada. Our franchisees operated a total of 194 venues provide our guests withlocated in 15 states and 13 foreign countries and territories, including Chile, Colombia, Guam, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saudi Arabia, Trinidad & Tobago, and the United Arab Emirates. As of March 31, 2019, a varietytotal of family entertainment181 Chuck E. Cheese's venues are located in California, Texas, and dining alternatives. Florida (178 are Company-operated and three are franchised locations), and a total of 133 Peter Piper Pizza venues are located in Arizona, Texas, and Mexico (33 are Company-operated and 100 are franchised locations).
All of our venues utilize a consistent restaurant-entertainment format that features both family dining and entertainment areas with a mix of food, entertainment and merchandise. The economic characteristics, products and services, preparation processes, distribution methods and types of customers are substantially similar for each of our venues. Therefore, we aggregate each venue’s operating performance into one reportable segment for financial reporting purposes.
Basis of Presentation
The Company has a controlling financial interest in International Association of CEC Entertainment, Inc. (the “Association”), a variable interest entity (“VIE”). The Association primarily administers the collection and disbursement of funds (the “Association Funds”) used for advertising, entertainment and media programs that benefit both us and our Chuck E. Cheese’s franchisees. We and our franchisees are required to contribute a percentage of gross sales to these funds and could be required to make additional contributions to fund any deficits that may be incurred by the Association. We include the Association in our Consolidated Financial Statements, as we concluded that we are the primary beneficiary of its variable interests because we (a) have the power to direct the majority of its significant operating activities; (b) provide it unsecured lines of credit; and (c) own the majority of the venues that benefit from the Association’s advertising, entertainment and media expenditures. We eliminate the intercompany portion of transactions with VIEs from our financial results. The assets, liabilities and operating results of the Association are not material to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Association Funds are required to be segregated and used for specified purposes. Cash balances held by the Association are restricted for use in our advertising, entertainment and media programs, and are recorded as “Restricted cash” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Contributions to the advertising, entertainment and media funds from our franchisees were $1.3$0.8 million and $1.2$0.7 million for the sixthree months ended JulyMarch 31, 2019 and April 1, 2018, and July 2, 2017, respectively. Our contributions to the Association Funds are eliminated in consolidation. On January 1, 2018 we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC Topic 606). As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) and ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash, on January 1, 2018, certain reclassifications have been made in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows to conform with the current period presentation.
For further details regarding the impact of these new accounting standards on our Consolidated financial statements “Recently Issued Accounting Guidance - Accounting Guidance Adopted - below.
We reclassified $1.8 million and $3.7 million, respectively, of depreciation and amortization for the three and six months ended July 2, 2017 which was previously included in “General and administrative expenses” and we reclassified “Depreciation and amortization” of $25.8 million and $52.2 million, respectively, for the three months and six months ended July 2, 2017 from “Company venue operating costs” to a single classification as “Depreciation and amortization” now shown in “Other costs and expenses” in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings, to conform to the current period’s presentation.
The preparation of these unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

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CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)


Interim Financial Statements
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the three and six months ended JulyMarch 31, 2019 and April 1, 2018 and July 2, 2017 are unaudited and are presented in accordance with the requirements for quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and, consequently, do not include all of the information and footnote disclosures required by GAAP. In the opinion of management, the Consolidated Financial Statements include all adjustments (consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for the fair statement of its consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows as of the dates and for the periods presented in accordance with GAAP and the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). All intercompany accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.
Consolidated results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 201730, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 28, 2018.12, 2019.

Recently IssuedAdopted Accounting Guidance
Accounting Guidance Adopted:
Effective January 1,December 31, 2018, the beginning of our Fiscal 2019 year, we adopted the following Accounting Standards Updates:
(i) ASU 2016-04, Liabilities—Extinguishments of Liabilities (Subtopic 405-20). This amendment provides a narrow scope exception to Liabilities—Extinguishment of Liabilities (Subtopic 405-20) that requires breakage for those liabilities to be accounted for in accordance with the breakage guidance in ASU 2014-09 Revenue From Contracts With Customers (Topic 606). Under the new guidance, if an entity expects to be entitled to a breakage amount for a liability resulting from the sale of a prepaid stored-value product, the entity shall derecognize the amount related to the expected breakage in proportion to the pattern of rights expected to be exercised by the product holder only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of the recognized breakage amount will not subsequently occur. If an entity does not expect to be entitled to a breakage amount for a prepaid stored-value product, the entity shall derecognize the amount related to the breakage when the likelihood of the product holder exercising its remaining rights becomes remote. The adoption of this amendment did not have a significant impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
(ii) ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing (“ASU 2016-10”Update (“ASU”). This amendment updates the revenue guidance on identifying performance obligations and accounting for licenses of intellectual property, changing the FASB's previous proposals on right-of-use licenses and contractual restrictions. We elected the modified retrospective method to apply this standard. Under the modified retrospective method, results for reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018 are presented under the revenue guidance in this amendment, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting treatment. The cumulative impact of adopting this amendment was not material, and as such we did not record an adjustment to our opening accumulated deficit in our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2018. For further details, see Note 2. “Revenue.”
(iii) ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) and ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash on a retrospective basis. Amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents are now presented with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. Accordingly, as a result of the adoption of these amendments, we reclassified $0.1 million of restricted cash into cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of July 2, 2017 for a total balance of $89.6 million, which resulted in a reduction in net cash provided by operating activities of $0.2 million in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the six months ended July 2, 2017. The adoption of these amendments did not impact net cash used in investing or financing activities for the six months ended July 2, 2017.

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CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)

The adoption of these amendments also requires us to reconcile our cash balance on our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows to the cash balance on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, as well as make disclosures about the nature of restricted cash balances. A reconciliation of “Cash and cash equivalents” and “Restricted cash” as presented in our Consolidated Balance Sheets for the periods presented and “Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash” as presented in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended July 1, 2018 and July 2, 2017 is as follows:
 July 1, 2018 December 31, 2017 July 2, 2017 January 1, 2017
 (in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$88,887
 $67,200
 $89,462
 $61,023
Restricted cash207
 112
 115
 268
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$89,094
 $67,312
 $89,577
 $61,291
__________________
(1)Restricted cash represents cash balances held by the Association that are restricted for use in our advertising, entertainment and media programs (see Note 1 “Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for further discussion of the Association Funds).
(iv) ASU 2017-04, Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment on a prospective basis.This amendment eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test, which measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill, from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, under the amendments in this ASU, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. However, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. We early adopted this amendment on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this amendment did not have a significant impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Accounting Guidance Not Yet Adopted:
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842)(“ASU 2016-02”) and subsequent amendment ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Target Improvements (“ASU 2018-11”). This new standard introduces a new lease model that requires the recognition of lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities on the balance sheet and the disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. While this new standard retains most of the principles of the existing lessor model under U.S. GAAP, it aligns many of those principles with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606: Revenue from Contracts with Customers. TheASU 2018-11 provides for another transition method in addition to the modified retrospective approach required by ASU 2016-02. This option allows for entities to initially apply the new guidance will be effective for us beginning December 31, 2018. We are currently evaluating the impact ofleases standard at the adoption of this guidance on our Consolidated Financial Statements, but we expect this will havedate and recognize a material effect on ourcumulative adjustment to the opening balance sheet since the Company has a significant amount of operating and capital lease arrangements.
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. This standard provides companies with an option to reclassify stranded tax effects resulting from enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("TCJA") from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. This ASU will be effective for us for annual and interim periods beginning on December 31, 2019. Early adoption of this standard is permitted and may be applied eitherearnings in the period of adoption. The cumulative impact of adopting the new lease guidance did not require us to record an adjustment to opening accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2018 in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Upon adoption of ASU 2016-02, we applied the package of practical expedients included therein, which eliminated the requirements to reassess prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification, and initial direct costs. We did not elect the hindsight practical expedient, which permits the use of hindsight when determining lease term. Further, we elected a short-term lease exception policy, permitting us to not apply the recognition requirements of this standard to short-term leases (i.e. leases with terms of 1 year or retrospectivelyless) and an accounting policy to each periodaccount for lease and non-lease components as a single component for real estate operating leases. We also utilized the transition method included in whichASU 2018-11. By applying ASU 2016-02 at the effectadoption date, as opposed to at the beginning of the changeearliest period presented, the presentation of financial information for periods prior to December 31, 2018 remained unchanged and in accordance with Leases (Topic 840). The adoption of the guidance in ASU 2016-02 resulted in the tax raterecognition as of December 31, 2018 of Right-of-Use assets related to our operating leases of $557.1 million and lease liabilities related to our operating leases of $590.8 million. In addition, as a result of TCJA is recognized. We do not expectelecting to account for lease and non-lease components as a single component for certain classes of assets, lease costs for the three months ended March 31, 2019 includes $3.5 million of common area maintenance charges, which was previously included in “Other venue operating expenses” in our Consolidated Statement of Earnings. Other venue operating expenses in our Consolidated Statement of Earnings for the three months ended April 1, 2018 includes common area maintenance charges of $3.6 million. The adoption of this ASU tothe guidance did not have a material impact on our resultsConsolidated Statement of operations, financial position and cash flows.    Cash Flows.
Note 2. Unearned Revenue:
Food, beverage and merchandise revenues from company-operated venues are recognized when sold. A portion of our entertainment revenue includes customer purchases of game play credits on Play Pass game cards. We recognize a liability for the estimated amount of unused game play credits which we believe our customers will utilize in the future, based on credits remaining on Play Pass cards and utilization patterns.
We sell gift cards to our customers in our venues and through certain third-party distributors, which do not expire and do not incur a service fee on unused balances. Gift card sales are recorded as deferred revenue when sold and are recognized as revenue when: (a) the gift card is redeemed by the guest or (b) the likelihood of the gift card being redeemed by the guest is remote (“gift card breakage”) and we determine that we do not have a legal obligation to remit the value of the unredeemed gift
card under applicable state unclaimed property escheat statutes. Gift card breakage is determined based upon historical redemption patterns of our gift cards.

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CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)

On January 1, 2018 we adopted the revenue guidance set forth in ASU 2016-10. Under the new guidance, there is a five-step model to apply to revenue recognition. The five-steps consist of: (i) the determination of whether a contract, an agreement between two or more parties that creates legally enforceable rights and obligations, exists; (ii) the identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) the determination of the transaction price; (iv) the allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.
ASU 2016-10 requires us to recognize initial and renewal franchise and development fees on a straight-line basis over the life of the related franchise agreement or the renewal period. Historically, we recognized revenue from initial franchise and development fees upon the opening of a franchised restaurant when we completed all of our material obligations and initial services. Additionally, our national advertising fund receipts from Association members are now accounted for on a gross basis as “Franchise fees and royalties,” when historically they were netted against “Advertising expense.” Revenue related to advertising contributions from our franchisees was $0.6 million and $1.3 million in the three and six months ended July 1, 2018, respectively, and is recorded in “Franchise fees and royalties” in our Consolidated Statement of Earnings.
Liabilities relating to unused game credits, Play Pass game cards, gift card liabilities and deferred franchise and development fees are included in “Unearned revenues” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table presents changes in the Company’s Unearned revenue balances during the sixthree months ended July 1, 2018:March 31, 2019:
Balance at     Balance atBalance at     Balance at
January 1, 2018 Revenue Deferred Revenue Recognized July 1, 2018December 31, 2018 Revenue Deferred Revenue Recognized March 31, 2019
(in thousands)(in thousands)
PlayPass related deferred revenue$12,035
 $36,136
 $(38,183) $9,988
$5,561
 $14,346
 $(12,455) $7,452
Gift card related deferred revenue3,868
 2,883
 (3,476) 3,275
5,253
 1,926
 (2,882) 4,297
Unearned franchise and development fees4,274
 1,045
 (31) 5,288
6,321
 2,572
 (29) 8,864
Other unearned revenues873
 13,547
 (13,012) 1,408
989
 9,101
 (7,997) 2,093
Total unearned revenue$21,050
 $53,611
 $(54,702) $19,959
$18,124
 $27,945
 $(23,363) $22,706

3. Property and Equipment
Asset Impairments
During the three and six months ended July 1, 2018 we recognized an impairment charge of $1.6 million, primarily related to one venue. This impairment charge was the result of a decline in the venue’s financial performance, primarily related to various economic factors in the market in which the venue is located. As of July 1, 2018, the aggregate carrying value of the property and equipment at impaired venues, after the impairment charge, was $0.4 million for venues impaired in 2018.

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CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)

4.Note 3. Intangible Assets, Net:
The following table presents our indefinite and definite-lived intangible assets at July 1, 2018:March 31, 2019:
Weighted Average Life (Years) Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying AmountWeighted Average Life (Years) Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount
 (in thousands) (in thousands)
Chuck E. Cheese's tradenameIndefinite $400,000
 
 $400,000
Indefinite $400,000
 
 $400,000
Peter Piper Pizza tradenameIndefinite 26,700
 
 26,700
Indefinite 26,700
 
 26,700
Favorable lease agreements (1)
10 14,880
 (7,976) 6,904
Franchise agreements25 53,300
 (8,222) 45,078
25 53,300
 (9,758) 43,542
 $494,880
 $(16,198) $478,682
 $480,000
 $(9,758) $470,242
__________________In connection with the adoption of ASU 2016-02 effective December 31, 2018, we reclassified $6.3 million related to the net carrying amount of our favorable lease definite-lived intangible asset from “Intangible Assets, Net” to “Operating lease right-of-use assets, net” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 1. “Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance” and Note 4. “Leases” for further discussion on the adoption of ASU 2016-02.
(1)In connection with the Merger, as defined in Note 12 “Consolidating Guarantor Financial Information”, and the acquisition of Peter Piper Pizza in October 2014, we also recorded unfavorable lease liabilities of $10.2 million and $3.9 million, respectively, which are included in “Other current liabilities” and “Other noncurrent liabilities” in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Such amounts are being amortized over a weighted average life of 10 years, and are included in “Rent expense” in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
Amortization expense related to favorable lease agreements was $0.3 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended JulyApril 1, 2018, and July 2, 2017, respectively, and $0.7 million and $0.9 million for the six months ended July 1, 2018 and July 2, 2017, respectively, and is included in “Rent expense”“Lease costs” in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. As described above, in connection with the adoption of ASU 2016-02 at the beginning of Fiscal 2019, our favorable lease definite-lived intangible asset from “Intangible Assets, Net” to “Operating lease right-of-use assets, net” and therefore we no longer have any amortization expense related to favorable lease agreements. Amortization expense related to franchise agreements was $0.5 million for both the three months ended JulyMarch 31, 2019 and April 1, 2018, and July 2, 2017, respectively, and $1.0 million for both the six months ended July 1, 2018 and July 2, 2017, respectively, and is included in “Depreciation and amortization” in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
Note 4. Leases:
We lease certain venues, warehouses, office space and equipment. The leases generally require us to pay minimum rent, property taxes, insurance, and other maintenance costs. Certain lease agreements include rental payments based on a percentage of retail sales over contractual levels and others include rental payments adjusted periodically for inflation. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants

Most leases generally have initial terms of 10 to 20 years and include one or more options to renew. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion and based on our history of exercising renewal lease options, our operating lease liabilities typically assume the exercise of two lease renewal options. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term.
  March 31, 2019
 Balance Sheet Classification(in thousands)
Assets  
OperatingOperating lease right-of-use assets, net$544,592
Finance
Property and equipment, net (1)
9,839
Total leased assets $554,431
   
Liabilities  
Current  
OperatingOperating lease liability, current portion$47,509
FinanceOther current liabilities735
Noncurrent  
OperatingOperating lease obligations, less current portion529,972
FinanceOther noncurrent liabilities12,104
Total leased liabilities $590,320
__________________
(1) Finance lease assets are recorded net of accumulated amortization of $5.2 million as of March 31, 2019.
As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the current cost of debt on our secured credit facilities at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.
    Three Months Ended
    March 31, 2019
  Statement of Earnings Classification (in thousands)
Operating lease cost Lease costs $27,027
Operating lease cost (2)
 General and administrative 323
Finance lease cost    
Amortization of leased assets Depreciation and amortization 248
Interest on lease liabilities Net interest expense 381
Net lease cost   $27,979
__________________
(1) Includes common area maintenance charges of $3.5 million.
(2) Represents the lease cost associated with operating leases relating to our corporate offices and warehouse facilities.


Maturity of Lease Liabilities 
Operating
Leases (1)
 
Finance
Leases (2)
 Total
  (in thousands)
Remainder of 2019 $69,565
 $2,192
 $71,757
2020 91,300
 2,204
 93,504
2021 89,249
 2,181
 91,430
2022 87,383
 2,147
 89,530
2023 84,958
 1,920
 86,878
After 2023 451,203
 13,216
 464,419
Total lease payments 873,658
 23,860
 897,518
Less: interest 296,177
 11,021
 307,198
Present value of lease liabilities $577,481
 $12,839
 $590,320
__________________
(1) Operating lease payments include payments related to options to extend lease terms that are reasonably certain of being exercised and exclude legally binding minimum lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced.
(2) Finance lease payments include payments related to options to extend lease terms that are reasonably certain of being exercised and exclude legally binding minimum lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced.
Lease Term and Discount Rate
March 31,
2019
Weighted average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases10.3
Finance leases11.4
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases8.0%
Finance leases13.6%
The following table includes supplemental cash flow information related to leases:
 
March 31,
2019
  (in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: 
Operating cash flows for operating leases$23,398
Operating cash flows for finance leases381
Financing cash flows for finance leases168
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: 
Operating lease liabilities 234
Finance lease liabilities 

The following table illustrates the Company’s future minimum rental payments for non-cancelable leases as of December 30, 2018:
 Financing Operating
Fiscal Years(in thousands)
20192,182
 92,435
20202,214
 90,983
20212,201
 88,914
20222,184
 87,183
20231,956
 84,806
Thereafter13,266
 457,277
Future minimum lease payments24,003
 901,598
Less amounts representing interest(10,996)  
Present value of future minimum lease payments13,007
  
Less current portion(677)  
Finance lease liability, net of current portion$12,330
  

Note 5. Accounts Payable:
Accounts payable consisted of the following as of the dates presented:
July 1, 2018 December 31, 2017March 31, 2019 December 30, 2018
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Trade and other amounts payable$23,881
 $20,492
$26,962
 $20,685
Book overdraft10,169
 10,882
11,886
 10,725
Accounts payable$34,050
 $31,374
$38,848
 $31,410

The book overdraft balance represents checks issued but not yet presented to banks.


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CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)

Note 6. Indebtedness and Interest Expense:
 Our long-term debt consisted of the following as of the dates presented:
July 1,
2018
 December 31,
2017
March 31,
2019
 December 30,
2018
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Term loan facility$727,700
 $731,500
$722,000
 $723,900
Senior notes255,000
 255,000
255,000
 255,000
Total debt outstanding982,700
 986,500
977,000
 978,900
Less:      
Deferred financing costs, net(7,667) (8,633)
Unamortized original issue discount(1,424) (1,694)(1,018) (1,153)
Deferred financing costs, net(10,433) (11,993)
Current portion(7,600) (7,600)
Current portion of term loan facility(7,600) (7,600)
Bank indebtedness and other long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs, less current portion$963,243
 $965,213
$960,715
 $961,514
We were in compliance with the debt covenants in effect as of March 31, 2019 for both the secured credit facilities and the senior notes.
Secured Credit Facilities
Our secured credit facilities include (i) a $760.0 million term loan facility with a maturity date of February 14, 2021 (the “term loan facility”) and (ii) a $150.0$95.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility with an originala maturity date of November 16, 2020 (as discussed in more detail below, $95.0 million of our original $150.0 million revolving credit facility maturing on February 14, 2019, whichwas extended to November 16, 2020). The revolving credit facility includes a letter of credit sub-facility and a $30.0 million swingline loan sub-facility (the “revolving credit facility” and together with the term loan facility, the “secured credit facilities”). The term loan facility requires scheduled quarterly payments equal to 0.25% of the original principal amount from July 2014 to December 2020, with the remaining balance paid at maturity, February 14, 2021. We
As of March 31, 2019, we had no borrowings outstanding and $9.0an $8.5 million and $9.9 million, respectivelyletter of credit issued but undrawn lettersunder the revolving credit facility, and a $9.0 million letter of credit issued but undrawn under the revolving credit facility, as of July 1, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
30, 2018. On May 8, 2018 we entered into an incremental assumption agreement with certain of our revolving credit facility lenders to extend the maturity on $95.0 million of the revolving credit facility through November 16, 2020.  In connection with the extension of the maturity date, we agreed to the following covenants for the benefit of the revolving credit facility lenders:  (a) with respect to each fiscal year (commencing with the fiscal year ending December 30, 2018), to the extent we have excess cash flow (as defined in the secured credit facilities)facilities agreement), we willare required to make one or more optional prepaymentsa mandatory prepayment of term loans,loan principal to the extent required, such that the amount of such optional prepayments, together with the mandatory75% times our excess cash flow prepayment of term loans required under(as defined in the secured credit facilities in respect of such fiscal year, shall equal at least 75% of the Company’s excess cash flow for such fiscal year (subjectagreement and subject to step-downs based on our net first lien senior secured leverage ratio,ratio) exceeds $10 million with any such required mandatory payment reduced by any optional prepayments of principal that may have occurred during the fiscal year, and subject to a certain excess cash flow threshold amount) and (b) we shall not incur additional first lien debt in connection with certain acquisitions, mergers or consolidations unless our net first lien senior secured leverage ratio is not greater than 3.65 to 1.00 on a pro forma basis. The maturity dateremaining $55.0 million of the amount of theoriginal revolving credit facility that was not extended remainsmatured on February 14, 2019.2019 with no borrowing thereunder outstanding thereunder. All borrowings under our revolving credit facility are subject to the satisfaction of customary conditions, including the absence of a default and the accuracy of representations and warranties.
The term loan was issued net of $3.8 million of original issue discount. We also paid $17.8 million and $3.8 million in debt financing costs related to the term loan facility and revolving credit facility inclusive(inclusive of costs incurred in connection with the May 8, 2018 incremental assumption agreement,agreement), respectively. All debt financing costs were capitalized in “Bank indebtedness and other long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The original issue discount and deferred financing costs related to the term loan facility are amortized over the life of the term loan facility, and the deferred financing costs related to the revolving credit facility are being amortized through November 16, 2020, and are included in “Interest expense” on our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
Borrowings under the secured credit facilities bear interest at a rate equal to, at our option, either (a) a London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) determined by reference to the costs of funds for Eurodollar deposits for the interest period relevant to such borrowings, adjusted for certain additional costs, subject to a 1.00% floor in the case of term loans or (b) a base

rate determined by reference to the highest of (i) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%; (ii) the prime rate of Deutsche Bank AG New York Branch; and (iii) the one-month adjusted LIBOR plus 1.00%, in each case plus an applicable margin. The base applicable margin is 3.25% with respect to LIBOR borrowings and 2.25% with respect to base rate borrowings under the
term loan facility and base rate borrowings and swingline borrowings under the revolving credit facility. The applicable margin

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CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)

for LIBOR borrowings under the term loan facility is subject to one step-down from 3.25% to 3.00% based on our net first lien senior secured leverage ratio and the applicable margin for LIBOR borrowings under the revolving credit facility is subject to two step-downs from 3.25% to 3.00% and 2.75% based on our net first lien senior secured leverage ratio. EffectiveDuring the three months ended March 4, 2016, the applicable margin for both our term loan facility and revolving credit facility stepped down to 3.0%. Effective November 16, 2017,31, 2019, the applicable margin for LIBOR borrowings under both the term loan facility and the revolving credit facility returned to their previous level ofwas 3.25%.
In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal under the secured credit facilities, we are required to pay a commitment fee to the lenders under the revolving credit facility with respect to the unutilized commitments thereunder. The base applicable commitment fee rate under the revolving credit facility wasis 0.50% per annum and is subject to one step-down from 0.50% to 0.375% based on our net first lien senior secured leverage ratio. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and April 1, 2018 the commitment fee rate was 0.50%. We are also required to pay customary agency fees, as well as letter of credit participation fees computed at a rate per annum equal to the applicable margin for LIBOR rate borrowings on the dollar equivalent of the daily stated amount of outstanding letters of credit, plus such letter of credit issuer’s customary documentary and processing fees and charges and a fronting fee computed at a rate equal to 0.125% per annum on the daily stated amount of such letter of credit.
During the sixthree months ended July 1, 2018,March 31, 2019, the federal funds rate ranged from 1.34%2.40% to 1.92%2.43%, the prime rate ranged from 4.50% to 5.00%was 5.50% and the one-month LIBOR ranged from 1.55%2.48% to 2.10%2.52%.
The weighted average effective interest rate incurred on our borrowings under our secured credit facilities was 5.6%6.2% and 4.6%5.5% for the sixthree months ended JulyMarch 31, 2019 and April 1, 2018, and July 2, 2017, respectively, which includes amortization of deferred financing costs related to our secured credit facilities, amortization of our term loan facility original issue discount and commitment and other fees related to our secured credit facilities.
Obligations under the secured credit facilities are unconditionally guaranteed by Queso Holdings Inc. (“Parent”) on a limited-recourse basis and each of our existing and future direct and indirect material, wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions. The obligations are secured by a pledge of our capital stock and substantially all of our assets and those of each subsidiary guarantor, including capital stock of the subsidiary guarantors and 65% of the capital stock of the first-tier foreign subsidiaries that are not subsidiary guarantors, in each case subject to exceptions. Such security interests consist of first priority liens with respect to the collateral.
The secured credit facilities also contain customary affirmative and negative covenants, and events of default, which limit our ability to, among other things: incur additional debt or issue certain preferred shares; create liens on certain assets; make certain loans or investments (including acquisitions); pay dividends on or make distributions with respect to our capital stock or make other restricted payments; consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; sell assets; enter into certain transactions with our affiliates; enter into sale-leaseback transactions; change our lines of business; restrict dividends from our subsidiaries or restrict liens; change our fiscal year; and modify the terms of certain debt or organizational agreements..agreements.
Our revolving credit facility includes a springing financial maintenance covenant that requires our net first lien senior secured leverage ratio not to exceed 6.25 to 1.00 (the ratio of consolidated net debt secured by first-priority liens on the collateral to the last twelve months’ EBITDA, as defined in the senior credit facilities). The covenant will be tested quarterly if the revolving credit facility is more than 30% drawn (excluding outstanding letters of credit) and will be a condition to drawings under the revolving credit facility that would result in more than 30% drawn thereunder.
Senior Unsecured Debt
Our senior unsecured debt consists of $255.0 million aggregate principal amount borrowings of 8.0% Senior Notes due 2022 (the “senior notes”). The senior notes bear interest at a rate of 8.0% per year payable February 15th and August 15th each year and mature on February 15, 2022. We may redeemcall some or all of the senior notes at certain redemption prices102% on or after February 15, 2019 and at 100% on or after February 15, 2020 as set forth in the indenture governing the senior notes (the “indenture”).
We paid $6.4 million in debt issuance costs related to the senior notes, which we capitalized in “Bank indebtedness and other long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The deferred financing costs are being amortized over the life of the senior notes and are included in “Interest expense” in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

Our obligations under the senior notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, by our present and future direct and indirect wholly-owned material domestic subsidiaries that guarantee our secured credit facilities.
The indenture contains restrictive covenants that limit our ability to, among other things: (i) incur additional debt or issue certain preferred shares; (ii) create liens on certain assets; (iii) make certain loans or investments (including acquisitions);

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CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)

(iv) pay dividends on or make distributions in respect of our capital stock or make other restricted payments; (v) consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; (vi) sell assets; (vii) enter into certain transactions with our affiliates; and (viii) restrict dividends from our subsidiaries.
The weighted average effective interest rate incurred on borrowings under our senior notes was 8.2% for both the both sixthree months ended JulyMarch 31, 2019 and April 1, 2018, and July 2, 2017, which included amortization of deferred financing costs and other fees related to our senior notes.
Interest Expense
Interest expense consisted of the following for the periods presented:
 Three Months Ended
 July 1, 2018 July 2, 2017
 (in thousands)
Term loan facility (1)
$9,681
 $7,619
Senior notes5,083
 5,083
Capital lease obligations431
 414
Sale leaseback obligations2,623
 2,663
Amortization of deferred financing costs954
 1,001
Other341
 281
Total interest expense$19,113
 $17,061
Six Months EndedThree Months Ended
July 1, 2018 July 2, 2017March 31, 2019 April 1, 2018
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Term loan facility (1)
$18,800
 $15,226
$10,666
 $9,119
Senior notes10,165
 10,165
5,082
 5,082
Capital lease obligations859
 831
Finance lease obligations381
 428
Sale leaseback obligations5,252
 5,302
2,695
 2,630
Amortization of deferred financing costs1,955
 2,003
924
 1,001
Other640
 596
60
 297
Total interest expense$37,671
 $34,123
$19,808
 $18,557
 __________________
(1)    Includes amortization of original issue discount.
The weighted average effective interest rate incurred on our borrowings under our secured credit facilities and senior notes (including amortized debt issuance costs, amortization of original issue discount, commitment and other fees related to the secured credit facilities and senior notes) was 6.3%6.7% for the sixthree months ended JulyMarch 31, 2019 and 6.2% for the three months ended April 1, 2018, and 5.5% for the six months ended July 2, 2017, respectively.
We were in compliance with the debt covenants in effect as of July 1, 2018March 31, 2019 for both the secured credit facilities and the senior notes.
Note 7. Fair Value of Financial Instruments:
Fair value measurements of financial instruments are determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs that are classified within Levels 1 and 2 of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy) has been established.

The following table presents information on our financial instruments as of the periods presented:

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CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)

 July 1, 2018 December 31, 2017 March 31, 2019 December 30, 2018
 
Carrying Amount (1) 
 Estimated Fair Value 
Carrying Amount (1) 
 Estimated Fair Value 
Carrying Amount (1) 
 Estimated Fair Value 
Carrying Amount (1) 
 Estimated Fair Value
 (in thousands) (in thousands)
Financial Liabilities:                
Bank indebtedness and other long-term debt:                
Current portion $7,600
 $7,068
 $7,600
 $7,220
 $7,600
 $7,391
 $7,600
 $7,051
Long-term portion (2)
 973,676
 896,189
 977,206
 937,662
 968,382
 929,021
 970,147
 885,212
Bank indebtedness and other long-term debt: $981,276
 $903,257
 $984,806
 $944,882
 $975,982
 $936,412
 $977,747
 $892,263
 _________________
(1)    Excluding net deferred financing costs.
(2)    Net of original issue discount.
Our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, our secured credit facilities and our senior notes. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximates fair value because of their short maturities. The estimated fair value of our secured credit facilities, term loan facility and senior notes was determined by using the respective average of the ask and bid price of our outstanding borrowings under our term loan facility and the senior notes as of the nearest open market date preceding the reporting period end. The average of the ask and bid price are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
Our non-financial assets, which include long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, goodwill and intangible assets, are reported at carrying value and are not required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. However, on a periodic basis, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable, we assess our long-lived assets for impairment.
During the sixthree months ended JulyMarch 31, 2019 and April 1, 2018, and July 2, 2017, there were no significant transfers among Level 1, 2 or 3 fair value determinations.
Note 8. Other Noncurrent Liabilities:
Other noncurrent liabilities consisted of the following as of the dates presented:
 July 1, 2018 December 31, 2017 March 31, 2019 December 30, 2018
 (in thousands) (in thousands)
Sale leaseback obligations, less current portion(1) $176,324
 $177,933
 $172,543
 $174,520
Deferred rent liability 29,775
 27,951
Deferred landlord contributions 7,571
 6,282
Long-term portion of unfavorable leases 4,577
 5,453
Lease related liabilities (2)
 
 45,195
Financing lease obligations, less current portion

 12,104
 12,330
Other 4,867
 4,268
 5,863
 6,534
Total other noncurrent liabilities $223,114
 $221,887
 $190,510
 $238,579
 _________________
(1)
The sale leaseback obligations are accounted for under the financing method, rather than as completed sales. Under the financing method the sales proceeds received are included in other long-term liabilities until our continuing involvement with the properties is terminated. The rental payments related to the sale leaseback properties are recorded as interest expense and a reduction of the sale leaseback obligation.
(2)
Lease liabilities totaling $45.2 million were reclassified in connection with the adoption of ASU 2016-02 on December 31, 2018.See Note 1. “Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance” and Note 4. “Leases” for further discussion on the adoption of ASU 2016-02.



Note 9. Income Taxes:
Our income tax expense consists of the following for the periods presented:
Three Months EndedThree Months Ended
July 1, 2018 July 2, 2017March 31, 2019 April 1, 2018
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Federal and state income taxes$(2,251) $(3,420)$6,898
 $3,535
Foreign income taxes (1)
77
 103
280
 398
Income tax benefit$(2,174) $(3,317)
Income tax expense$7,178
 $3,933
 Six Months Ended
 July 1, 2018 July 2, 2017
 (in thousands)
Federal and state income taxes$1,284
 $6,678
Foreign income taxes (1)
475
 383
      Income tax expense$1,759
 $7,061
___________________________________
(1)    Including foreign taxes withheld.
Our effective income tax ratesrate for the three and six months ended July 1, 2018 were 19.5% and 35.1%, respectively,March 31, 2019 was 25.3% as compared to 35.9% and 38.5%, respectively,24.3% for the three and six months ended July 2, 2017.April 1, 2018. Our effective income tax rate for the three and six months ended JulyMarch 31, 2019 and April 1, 2018 waswere favorably impacted by the reduction in the U.S. federal statutory corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) signed into law on December 22, 2017. Our effective income tax rate for the three and six months ended July 1, 2018 differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to state income taxes, the favorable impact of employment-related federal income tax credits, a one-time adjustment to deferredoffset by state taxes (the tax effect of the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment existing as of January 1, 2018) resulting from the change in our intent to no longer indefinitely reinvest monies previously loaned to our Canadian subsidiary partially offset byand the negative impact of nondeductible litigation costs related to the Merger, non-deductiblenondeductible penalties, and state tax legislation enacted during the second quarter of 2018 that increased the amount of income subject to state taxation and changed state income tax rates. Our effective income tax rates for the three and six months ended July 2, 2017 differed from the statutory rate primarily due to stateforeign income taxes (taxes withheld on royalties and the favorable impact of employment-related federal income tax credits.
The TCJA’s reduction in the U.S. corporate tax ratefranchise fees earned from 35% to 21% (effective for Fiscal 2018) and increased allowance for bonus depreciation will have a favorable impact on our future net income and cash flows. While we were able to make provisional estimates for the impact of the TJCA, the actual results may differ from these estimates, due to, among other things, changes in our interpretations and assumptions relating to the changes madeinternational franchisees not offset by the TCJA and additional guidance that is anticipated to be issued by the U.S. Treasury and Internal Revenue Service regarding (i) the newly enacted increase in bonus depreciation for qualifying assets acquired and placed in service after September 27, 2017, (ii) the expansion of the limitation

16

Table of Contents
CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)

under Section 162(m) relating to the deductibility of executive compensation in excess of $1.0 million, and (iii) the one-time transition tax, net of foreign tax credits and operating losses, on earnings ofdue to the foreign subsidiaries that were previously deferred from U.S. tax.tax credit limitation).
For the periods presented herein, we have used the year-to-date effective tax rate (the “discrete method”), as prescribed by ASC 740-270, Accounting for Income Taxes-Interim Reporting when a reliable estimate of the estimated annual rate cannot be made. We believe at this time, the use of the discrete method is more appropriate than the annual effective tax rate method due to significant variations in the customary relationship between income tax expense and projected annual pre-tax income or loss which occurs when annual projected pre-tax income or loss nears a relatively small amount in comparison to the differences between income and deductions determined for financial statement purposes versus income tax purposes. Using the discrete method, we have determined our current and deferred income tax expense as if the interim period were an annual period.
Our liability for uncertain tax positions (excluding interest and penalties) was $3.9$4.2 million as of July 1,March 31, 2019 and $4.3 million as of December 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and if recognized would decrease our provision for income taxes by $2.7$3.3 million. Within the next twelve months, we could settle or otherwise conclude certain ongoing income tax audits.audits and resolve uncertain tax positions as a result of expiring statutes of limitations or payment. As such, it is reasonably possible that the liability for uncertain tax positions could decrease by as much as $1.1$3.7 million as a result of settlements with certain taxing authorities and expiring statutes of limitations within the next twelve months.
Total accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as of July 1, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $1.1 million as of March 31, 2019 and $1.0 million, respectively.December 30, 2018. On the Consolidated Balance Sheets, we include current interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in “Accrued interest,” current penalties in “Accrued expenses” and noncurrent accrued interest and penalties in “Other noncurrent liabilities.”

Note 10. Stock-Based Compensation Arrangements:
2014 Equity Incentive Plan
The 2014 Equity Incentive Plan provides Parent authority to grant equity incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock bonus awards or performance compensation awards to certain directors, officers or employees of the Company. A summary of the options outstanding under the equity incentive plan as of July 1, 2018March 31, 2019 and the activity for the sixthree months ended July 1, 2018March 31, 2019 is presented below:
 Stock Options
Weighted Average Exercise Price (1)
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual TermAggregate Intrinsic Value
  ($ per share) ($ in thousands)
Outstanding stock options, December 31, 20172,349,288
$9.00

     Options Granted112,769
$13.73

     Options Exercised(7,745)$9.96

     Options Forfeited(191,632)$9.58

Outstanding stock options, July 1, 20182,262,680
$9.176.2$132
Stock options expected to vest, July 1, 20181,573,236
$9.406.3$
Exercisable stock options, July 1, 2018514,639
$8.415.8$423
     
 Stock Options
Weighted Average Exercise Price (1)
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual TermAggregate Intrinsic Value
  ($ per share) ($ in thousands)
Outstanding stock options, December 30, 20181,987,331
$8.87

     Options Granted424,985
$8.86

     Options Forfeited(5,366)$8.58

Outstanding stock options, March 31, 20192,406,950
$8.876.1$2,197
Stock options expected to vest, March 31, 20191,624,580
$9.056.5$1,182
Exercisable stock options, March 31, 2019601,862
$8.315.0$883
     
__________________
(1)    The weighted average exercise price reflects the original grant date fair value per option as adjusted for the dividend payment made in August 2015.
As of July 1, 2018,March 31, 2019, we had $1.1$1.7 million of total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested options, which is expected to be amortized over the remaining weighted-average period of 2.84.4 years.

Stock Awards
17

TableDuring the first quarter of Contents
CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)

2019, certain officers of the Company were granted stock bonus awards under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan. The number of common shares of Parent awarded was based on the fair market value of Parent’s common stock as of December 31, 2018. The shares granted to the officers were fully vested immediately on the date that they were granted. In addition, during 2019, the Company agreed to issue fully vested common shares of Parent to certain officers of the Company in the first quarter 2020 based on the Company’s financial performance for Fiscal 2019.
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense and the associated tax benefit recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements for the periods presented:
 Three Months Ended
 July 1,
2018
 July 2,
2017
 (in thousands)
Stock-based compensation costs$166
 $189
Portion capitalized as property and equipment (1)
(3) (3)
Stock-based compensation expense recognized$163
 $186
Six Months EndedThree Months Ended
July 1,
2018
 July 2,
2017
March 31,
2019
 April 1,
2018
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Stock-based compensation costs$233
 $343
Stock-based compensation costs related to stock awards$1,031
 $
Stock-based compensation costs related to incentive stock options126
 67
Portion capitalized as property and equipment (1)
(6) (7)(10) (3)
Stock-based compensation expense recognized$227
 $336
$1,147
 $64
Payroll taxes related to stock awards$15
 $
 __________________
(1)We capitalize the portion of stock-based compensation costs related to our design, construction, facilities and legal departments that are directly attributable to our venue development projects, such as the design and construction of a new venue and the remodeling and expansion of our existing venues. Capitalized stock-based compensation costs attributable to our venue development projects are included in “Property and equipment, net” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.


Note 11. Stockholder’s Equity:
The following table summarizes the changes in stockholder’s equity during the sixthree months ended July 1, 2018:March 31, 2019:
 
  Common Stock Capital In
Excess of
Par Value
 Accumulated Deficit Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
  
  Shares Amount    Total
  (in thousands, except share information)
Balance at December 31, 2017 200
 $
 $359,233
 $(95,199) $(1,886) $262,148
Net income 
 
 
 3,256
 
 3,256
Other comprehensive income 
 
 
 
 300
 300
Stock-based compensation costs 
 
 233
 
 
 233
Balance July 1, 2018 200
 $
 $359,466
 $(91,943) $(1,586) $265,937
  Common Stock Capital In
Excess of
Par Value
 Accumulated Deficit Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
  
  Shares Amount    Total
  (in thousands, except share information)
Balance at December 30, 2018 200
 $
 $359,570
 $(115,660) $(1,339) $242,571
Net loss 
 
 
 21,246
 
 21,246
Other comprehensive income 
 
 
 
 (155) (155)
Stock-based compensation costs 
 
 126
 
 
 126
Balance March 31, 2019 200
 $
 $359,696
 $(94,414) $(1,494) $263,788

12. Consolidating Guarantor Financial Information:
On February 14, 2014, CEC Entertainment, Inc. (the “Issuer”) merged with and into an entity controlled by Apollo Global Management, LLC and its subsidiaries, which we refer to as the “Merger.” The senior notes issued by the Issuer, in conjunction with the Merger, are our unsecured obligations and are fully and unconditionally, jointly and severally guaranteed by all of our 100% wholly-owned U.S. subsidiaries (the “Guarantors”). Our wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries and our less-than-wholly-owned U.S. subsidiaries are not a party to the guarantees (the “Non-Guarantors”). The following schedules present the condensed consolidating financial statements of the Issuer, Guarantors and Non-Guarantors, as well as consolidated results, for the periods presented:

18

Table of Contents
CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
CEC Entertainment, Inc.
Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet
As of March 31, 2019
(in thousands)
           
  Issuer Guarantors Non-Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated
Current assets:          
Cash and cash equivalents $104,407
 $5,065
 $2,558
 $
 $112,030
Restricted cash 
 
 266
 
 266
Accounts receivable 13,946
 5,950
 5,834
 (4,983) 20,747
Inventories 18,658
 5,641
 294
 

 24,593
Prepaid expenses 8,030
 9,740
 942
 

 18,712
Total current assets 145,041
 26,396
 9,894
 (4,983) 176,348
Property and equipment, net 459,345
 68,873
 5,392
 
 533,610
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 485,766
 48,717
 10,109
 
 544,592
Goodwill 433,024
 51,414
 
 
 484,438
Intangible assets, net 8,584
 461,658
 
 
 470,242
Intercompany 57,340
 80,658
 
 (137,998) 
Investment in subsidiaries 491,735
 
 
 (491,735) 
Other noncurrent assets 7,104
 11,759
 20
 
 18,883
Total assets $2,087,939
 $749,475
 $25,415
 $(634,716) $2,228,113
Current liabilities:          
Bank indebtedness and other long-term debt, current portion $7,600
 $
 $
 $
 $7,600
Operating lease liability, current portion 42,988
 3,399
 1,122
 
 47,509
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 57,215
 41,414
 5,747
 
 104,376
Other current liabilities 5,317
 
 15
 
 5,332
Total current liabilities 113,120
 44,813
 6,884
 
 164,817
Operating lease obligations, less current portion 463,959
 56,689
 9,324
 
 529,972
Bank indebtedness and other long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs, less current portion
 960,715
 
 
 
 960,715
Deferred tax liability 91,990
 18,037
 (1,577) 
 108,450
Intercompany 
 116,598
 26,383
 (142,981) 
Other noncurrent liabilities 194,367
 5,970
 34
 
 200,371
Total liabilities 1,824,151
 242,107
 41,048
 (142,981) 1,964,325
Stockholder's equity:          
Common stock 
 
 
 
 
Capital in excess of par value 359,696
 466,114
 3,241
 (469,355) 359,696
Retained earnings (deficit) (94,414) 41,254
 (17,224) (24,030) (94,414)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (1,494) 
 (1,650) 1,650
 (1,494)
Total stockholder's equity 263,788
 507,368
 (15,633) (491,735) 263,788
Total liabilities and stockholder's equity $2,087,939
 $749,475
 $25,415
 $(634,716) $2,228,113

CEC Entertainment, Inc.Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet
As of July 1, 2018
As of December 30, 2018As of December 30, 2018
(in thousands)
                    
 Issuer Guarantors Non-Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated Issuer Guarantors Non-Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated
Current assets:                    
Cash and cash equivalents $86,234
 $1,884
 $769
 $
 $88,887
 $54,775
 $6,725
 $1,670
 $
 $63,170
Restricted cash 
 
 207
 
 207
 
 
 151
 
 151
Accounts receivable 20,823
 2,748
 4,665
 (4,009) 24,227
 28,421
 4,956
 4,117
 (3,314) 34,180
Inventories 16,361
 4,041
 269
 
 20,671
 16,896
 6,617
 294
 
 23,807
Prepaid expenses 14,360
 13,083
 1,302
 
 28,745
 14,264
 10,562
 598
 
 25,424
Total current assets 137,778
 21,756
 7,212
 (4,009) 162,737
 114,356
 28,860
 6,830
 (3,314) 146,732
Property and equipment, net 474,661
 72,528
 6,591
 
 553,780
 468,827
 64,721
 5,637
 
 539,185
Goodwill 433,024
 51,414
 
 
 484,438
 433,024
 51,414
 
 
 484,438
Intangible assets, net 15,692
 462,990
 
 
 478,682
 14,716
 462,369
 
 
 477,085
Intercompany 76,325
 
 
 (76,325) 
 78,402
 66,373
 
 (144,775) 
Investment in subsidiaries 477,703
 
 
 (477,703) 
 477,556
 
 
 (477,556) 
Other noncurrent assets 7,870
 10,111
 81
 
 18,062
 7,292
 11,409
 24
 
 18,725
Total assets $1,623,053
 $618,799
 $13,884
 $(558,037) $1,697,699
 $1,594,173
 $685,146
 $12,491
 $(625,645) $1,666,165
Current liabilities:                    
Bank indebtedness and other long-term debt, current portion $7,600
 $
 $
 $
 $7,600
 $7,600
 $
 $
 $
 $7,600
Capital lease obligations, current portion 624
 
 10
 
 634
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 55,843
 39,717
 4,389
 
 99,949
 56,277
 34,429
 2,321
 
 93,027
Other current liabilities 4,490
 510
 
 
 5,000
 5,429
 510
 16
 
 5,955
Total current liabilities 68,557
 40,227
 4,399
 
 113,183
 69,306
 34,939
 2,337
 
 106,582
Capital lease obligations, less current portion 12,627
 
 47
 
 12,674
Bank indebtedness and other long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs, less current portion
 963,243
 
 
 
 963,243
 961,514
 
 
 
 961,514
Deferred tax liability 96,539
 16,056
 (1,923) 
 110,672
 91,049
 17,866
 (1,857) 
 107,058
Intercompany 
 53,341
 26,993
 (80,334) 
 
 119,498
 28,591
 (148,089) 
Other noncurrent liabilities 216,150
 15,379
 461
 
 231,990
 229,733
 18,191
 516
 
 248,440
Total liabilities 1,357,116
 125,003
 29,977
 (80,334) 1,431,762
 1,351,602
 190,494
 29,587
 (148,089) 1,423,594
Stockholder's equity:                    
Common stock 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital in excess of par value 359,466
 466,115
 3,241
 (469,356) 359,466
 359,570
 466,114
 3,241
 (469,355) 359,570
Retained earnings (deficit) (91,943) 27,681
 (17,748) (9,933) (91,943) (115,660) 28,538
 (18,691) (9,847) (115,660)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (1,586) 
 (1,586) 1,586
 (1,586) (1,339) 
 (1,646) 1,646
 (1,339)
Total stockholder's equity 265,937
 493,796
 (16,093) (477,703) 265,937
 242,571
 494,652
 (17,096) (477,556) 242,571
Total liabilities and stockholder's equity $1,623,053
 $618,799
 $13,884
 $(558,037) $1,697,699
 $1,594,173
 $685,146
 $12,491
 $(625,645) $1,666,165

19

Table of Contents
CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)

CEC Entertainment, Inc.
Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet
As of December 31, 2017
(in thousands)
           
  Issuer Guarantors Non-Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated
Current assets:          
Cash and cash equivalents $59,948
 $410
 $6,842
 $
 $67,200
Restricted cash 
 
 112
 
 112
Accounts receivable 27,098
 3,283
 2,563
 (1,923) 31,021
Inventories 17,104
 4,614
 282
 
 22,000
Prepaid expenses 13,766
 5,549
 1,083
 
 20,398
Total current assets 117,916
 13,856
 10,882
 (1,923) 140,731
Property and equipment, net 496,725
 66,669
 6,627
 
 570,021
Goodwill 433,024
 51,414
 
 
 484,438
Intangible assets, net 16,764
 463,613
 
 
 480,377
Intercompany 90,937
 10,770
 
 (101,707) 
Investment in subsidiaries 462,873
 
 
 (462,873) 
Other noncurrent assets 7,913
 11,359
 205
 
 19,477
Total assets $1,626,152
 $617,681
 $17,714
 $(566,503) $1,695,044
Current liabilities:          
Bank indebtedness and other long-term debt, current portion $7,600
 $
 $
 $
 $7,600
Capital lease obligations, current portion 586
 
 10
 
 596
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 58,014
 35,134
 4,169
 
 97,317
Other current liabilities 4,265
 511
 
 
 4,776
Total current liabilities 70,465
 35,645
 4,179
 
 110,289
Capital lease obligations, less current portion 12,956
 
 54
 
 13,010
Bank indebtedness and other long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs, less current portion 965,213
 
 
 
 965,213
Deferred tax liability 99,083
 16,697
 (1,594) 
 114,186
Intercompany 
 75,052
 28,578
 (103,630) 
Other noncurrent liabilities 216,287
 13,465
 446
 
 230,198
Total liabilities 1,364,004
 140,859
 31,663
 (103,630) 1,432,896
Stockholder's equity:          
Common stock 
 
 
 
 
Capital in excess of par value 359,233
 466,114
 3,241
 (469,355) 359,233
Retained earnings (deficit) (95,199) 10,708
 (15,304) 4,596
 (95,199)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (1,886) 
 (1,886) 1,886
 (1,886)
Total stockholder's equity 262,148
 476,822
 (13,949) (462,873) 262,148
Total liabilities and stockholder's equity $1,626,152
 $617,681
 $17,714
 $(566,503) $1,695,044


20

Table of Contents
CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)
CEC Entertainment, Inc.
Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
(in thousands)
           
  Issuer Guarantors Non-Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated
Revenues:          
Food and beverage sales $102,113
 $14,223
 $1,479
 $
 $117,815
Entertainment and merchandise sales 133,650
 13,207
 2,820
 
 149,677
Total company venue sales 235,763
 27,430
 4,299
 
 267,492
Franchise fees and royalties 685
 4,294
 841
 
 5,820
International Association assessments and other fees 315
 11,785
 11,319
 (23,419) 
Total revenues 236,763
 43,509
 16,459
 (23,419) 273,312
Operating Costs and Expenses:          
Company venue operating costs (excluding Depreciation and amortization):

          
Cost of food and beverage 22,428
 3,734
 490
 
 26,652
Cost of entertainment and merchandise 11,044
 443
 259
 
 11,746
Total cost of food, beverage, entertainment and merchandise 33,472
 4,177
 749
 
 38,398
Labor expenses 66,240
 4,941
 1,324
 
 72,505
Lease costs 24,594
 1,861
 572
 
 27,027
Other venue operating expenses 42,811
 3,737
 849
 (12,100) 35,297
Total company venue operating costs 167,117
 14,716
 3,494
 (12,100) 173,227
Advertising expense 11,324
 1,600
 10,648
 (11,319) 12,253
General and administrative expenses 5,106
 10,398
 (261) 
 15,243
Depreciation and amortization 21,426
 2,467
 441
 
 24,334
Transaction, severance and related litigation costs 23
 
 
 
 23
Total operating costs and expenses 204,996
 29,181
 14,322
 (23,419) 225,080
Operating income 31,767
 14,328
 2,137
 
 48,232
Equity in earnings (loss) in affiliates 14,386
 
 
 (14,386) 
Interest expense 18,915
 711
 182
 
 19,808
Income (loss) before income taxes 27,238
 13,617
 1,955
 (14,386) 28,424
Income tax expense 5,992
 903
 283
 
 7,178
Net income (loss) $21,246
 $12,714
 $1,672
 $(14,386) $21,246

 

 

 

 

 

Components of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:          
Foreign currency translation adjustments (155) 
 (155) 155
 (155)
Comprehensive income (loss) $21,091
 $12,714
 $1,517
 $(14,231) $21,091

CEC Entertainment, Inc.
Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
For the Three Months Ended July 1, 2018
(in thousands)
           
   
  Issuer Guarantors Non-Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated
Revenues:          
Food and beverage sales $81,611
 $13,438
 $1,209
 $
 $96,258
Entertainment and merchandise sales 100,495
 13,147
 2,262
 
 115,904
Total company venue sales 182,106
 26,585
 3,471
 
 212,162
Franchise fees and royalties 429
 4,216
 551
 
 5,196
International Association assessments and other fees 233
 9,713
 8,529
 (18,475) 
Total revenues 182,768
 40,514
 12,551
 (18,475) 217,358
Operating Costs and Expenses:          
Company venue operating costs:          
Cost of food and beverage 18,848
 3,607
 439
 
 22,894
Cost of entertainment and merchandise 7,899
 403
 119
 
 8,421
Total cost of food, beverage, entertainment and merchandise 26,747
 4,010
 558
 
 31,315
Labor expenses 56,461
 4,994
 1,163
 
 62,618
Rent expense 21,900
 2,319
 495
 
 24,714
Other venue operating expenses 42,386
 3,793
 837
 (9,947) 37,069
Total company venue operating costs 147,494
 15,116
 3,053
 (9,947) 155,716
Advertising expense 8,773
 1,420
 11,312
 (8,528) 12,977
General and administrative expenses 4,326
 8,669
 421
 
 13,416
Depreciation and amortization 22,268
 2,713
 512
 
 25,493
Transaction, severance and related litigation costs 146
 45
 
 
 191
Asset impairments 86
 1,505
 
 
 1,591
Total operating costs and expenses 183,093
 29,468
 15,298
 (18,475) 209,384
Operating income (loss) (325) 11,046
 (2,747) 
 7,974
Equity in earnings (loss) in affiliates 5,778
 
 
 (5,778) 
Interest expense 18,099
 911
 103
 
 19,113
Income (loss) before income taxes (12,646) 10,135
 (2,850) (5,778) (11,139)
Income tax expense (3,681) 2,227
 (720) 
 (2,174)
Net income (loss) $(8,965) $7,908
 $(2,130) $(5,778) $(8,965)

          
Components of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:          
Foreign currency translation adjustments 145
 
 145
 (145) 145
Comprehensive income (loss) $(8,820) $7,908
 $(1,985) $(5,923) $(8,820)

21

Table of Contents
CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)

CEC Entertainment, Inc.
Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
For the Three Months Ended July 2, 2017
(in thousands)
           
   
  Issuer Guarantors Non-Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated
Revenues:          
Food and beverage sales $82,807
 $13,324
 $1,280
 $
 $97,411
Entertainment and merchandise sales 88,857
 18,811
 2,056
 
 109,724
Total company venue sales 171,664
 32,135
 3,336
 
 207,135
Franchise fees and royalties 463
 4,186
 
 
 4,649
International Association assessments and other fees 375
 10,544
 8,098
 (19,017) 
Total revenues 172,502
 46,865
 11,434
 (19,017) 211,784
Operating Costs and Expenses:          
Company venue operating costs:          
Cost of food and beverage 18,936
 3,464
 423
 
 22,823
Cost of entertainment and merchandise 6,329
 389
 136
 
 6,854
Total cost of food, beverage, entertainment and merchandise 25,265
 3,853
 559
 
 29,677
Labor expenses 54,654
 4,541
 1,156
 
 60,351
Rent expense 21,825
 1,552
 529
 
 23,906
Other venue operating expenses 42,664
 3,259
 990
 (10,946) 35,967
Total company venue operating costs 144,408
 13,205
 3,234
 (10,946) 149,901
Advertising expense 8,315
 1,413
 10,580
 (8,071) 12,237
General and administrative expenses 4,391
 9,268
 60
 
 13,719
Depreciation and amortization 24,729
 2,401
 493
 
 27,623
Transaction, severance and related litigation costs 490
 
 
 
 490
Total operating costs and expenses 182,333
 26,287
 14,367
 (19,017) 203,970
Operating income (loss) (9,831) 20,578
 (2,933) 
 7,814
Equity in earnings (loss) in affiliates 27,993
 
 
 (27,993) 
Interest expense 15,921
 975
 165
 
 17,061
Income (loss) before income taxes 2,241
 19,603
 (3,098) (27,993) (9,247)
Income tax expense (benefit) 8,171
 (10,515) (973) 
 (3,317)
Net income (loss) $(5,930) $30,118
 $(2,125) $(27,993) $(5,930)

          
Components of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:          
Foreign currency translation adjustments 420
 
 420
 (420) 420
Comprehensive income (loss) $(5,510) $30,118
 $(1,705) $(28,413) $(5,510)


22

Table of Contents
CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)

CEC Entertainment, Inc.
Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
For the Six Months Ended July 1, 2018
(in thousands)
           
  Issuer Guarantors Non-Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated
Revenues:          
Food and beverage sales $184,259
 $27,396
 $2,980
 $
 $214,635
Entertainment and merchandise sales 215,770
 25,874
 5,377
 
 247,021
Total company venue sales 400,029
 53,270
 8,357
 
 461,656
Franchise fees and royalties 1,000
 8,359
 1,247
 
 10,606
International Association assessments and other fees 574
 18,751
 19,090
 (38,415) 
Total revenues 401,603
 80,380
 28,694
 (38,415) 472,262
Operating Costs and Expenses:          
Company venue operating costs:          
Cost of food and beverage 41,733
 7,497
 1,024
 
 50,254
Cost of entertainment and merchandise 16,665
 848
 289
 
 17,802
Total cost of food, beverage, entertainment and merchandise 58,398
 8,345
 1,313
 
 68,056
Labor expenses 117,290
 10,088
 2,588
 
 129,966
Rent expense 43,697
 4,008
 1,059
 
 48,764
Other venue operating expenses 85,295
 7,382
 1,806
 (19,351) 75,132
Total company venue operating costs 304,680
 29,823
 6,766
 (19,351) 321,918
Advertising expense 19,758
 3,361
 22,897
 (19,064) 26,952
General and administrative expenses 8,521
 16,837
 967
 
 26,325
Depreciation and amortization 45,645
 5,445
 975
 
 52,065
Transaction, severance and related litigation costs 459
 266
 
 
 725
Asset Impairments 86
 1,505
 
 
 1,591
Total operating costs and expenses 379,149
 57,237
 31,605
 (38,415) 429,576
Operating income (loss) 22,454
 23,143
 (2,911) 
 42,686
Equity in earnings (loss) in affiliates 14,423
 
 
 (14,423) 
Interest expense 35,627
 1,755
 289
 
 37,671
Income (loss) before income taxes 1,250
 21,388
 (3,200) (14,423) 5,015
Income tax expense (2,006) 4,414
 (649) 
 1,759
Net income (loss) $3,256
 $16,974
 $(2,551) $(14,423) $3,256

 

 

 

 

 

Components of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:          
Foreign currency translation adjustments 300
 
 300
 (300) 300
Comprehensive income (loss) $3,556
 $16,974
 $(2,251) $(14,723) $3,556

23

Table of Contents
CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)

CEC Entertainment, Inc.Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
For the Six Months Ended July 2, 2017
For the Three Months Ended April 1, 2018For the Three Months Ended April 1, 2018
(in thousands)
                    
 Issuer Guarantors Non-Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated Issuer Guarantors Non-Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated
Revenues:                    
Food and beverage sales $190,998
 $27,725
 $3,107
 $
 $221,830
 $102,648
 $13,958
 $1,771
 $
 $118,377
Entertainment and merchandise sales 207,645
 32,923
 5,073
 
 245,641
 115,275
 12,727
 3,115
 
 131,117
Total company venue sales 398,643
 60,648
 8,180
 
 467,471
 217,923
 26,685
 4,886
 
 249,494
Franchise fees and royalties 904
 8,368
 
 
 9,272
 572
 4,143
 695
 
 5,410
International Association assessments and other fees 689
 21,088
 18,607
 (40,384) 
 341
 9,038
 10,562
 (19,941) 
Total revenues 400,236
 90,104
 26,787
 (40,384) 476,743
 218,836
 39,866
 16,143
 (19,941) 254,904
Operating Costs and Expenses:                    
Company venue operating costs:          
Company venue operating costs (excluding Depreciation and amortization):          
Cost of food and beverage 42,931
 7,152
 957
 
 51,040
 22,884
 3,891
 585
 
 27,360
Cost of entertainment and merchandise 14,230
 804
 307
 
 15,341
 8,766
 446
 170
 
 9,382
Total cost of food, beverage, entertainment and merchandise 57,161
 7,956
 1,264
 
 66,381
 31,650
 4,337
 755
 
 36,742
Labor expenses 114,837
 9,379
 2,522
 
 126,738
 60,829
 5,095
 1,425
 
 67,349
Rent expense 43,104
 3,053
 1,068
 
 47,225
Lease costs 21,797
 1,689
 563
 
 24,049
Other venue operating expenses 85,680
 6,545
 2,295
 (21,804) 72,716
 42,908
 3,590
 969
 (9,405) 38,062
Total company venue operating costs 300,782
 26,933
 7,149
 (21,804) 313,060
 157,184
 14,711
 3,712
 (9,405) 166,202
Advertising expense 19,252
 3,259
 21,688
 (18,580) 25,619
 10,985
 1,941
 11,584
 (10,536) 13,974
General and administrative expenses 10,137
 18,803
 150
 
 29,090
 4,195
 8,168
 546
 
 12,909
Depreciation and amortization 50,044
 4,820
 1,064
 
 55,928
 23,377
 2,732
 463
 
 26,572
Transaction, severance and related litigation costs 570
 
 
 
 570
 313
 221
 
 
 534
Total operating costs and expenses 380,785
 53,815
 30,051
 (40,384) 424,267
 196,054
 27,773
 16,305
 (19,941) 220,191
Operating income (loss) 19,451
 36,289
 (3,264) 
 52,476
 22,782
 12,093
 (162) 
 34,713
Equity in earnings (loss) in affiliates 38,647
 
 
 (38,647) 
 8,645
 
 
 (8,645) 
Interest expense 31,828
 1,992
 303
 
 34,123
 17,528
 844
 185
 
 18,557
Income (loss) before income taxes 26,270
 34,297
 (3,567) (38,647) 18,353
 13,899
 11,249
 (347) (8,645) 16,156
Income tax expense (benefit) 14,978
 (6,803) (1,114) 
 7,061
Income tax expense 1,676
 2,186
 71
 
 3,933
Net income (loss) $11,292
 $41,100
 $(2,453) $(38,647) $11,292
 $12,223
 $9,063
 $(418) $(8,645) $12,223
                    
Components of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:                    
Foreign currency translation adjustments 539
 
 539
 (539) 539
 154
 
 154
 (154) 154
Comprehensive income (loss) $11,831
 $41,100
 $(1,914) $(39,186) $11,831
 $12,377
 $9,063
 $(264) $(8,799) $12,377





24

CEC Entertainment, Inc.
Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
(in thousands)
         
  Issuer Guarantors Non-Guarantors Consolidated
Cash flows provided by operating activities: $64,577
 $4,743
 $1,158
 $70,478
         
Cash flows from investing activities:        
  Purchases of property and equipment (12,602) (5,699) (71) (18,372)
  Development of internal use software 421
 (703) 
 (282)
  Proceeds from sale of property and equipment 21
 
 
 21
Cash flows used in investing activities (12,160) (6,402) (71) (18,633)
         
Cash flows from financing activities:        
  Repayments on senior term loan (1,900) 
 
 (1,900)
  Payments on capital lease obligations (165) 
 (3) (168)
  Payments on sale leaseback transactions (803) 
 
 (803)
Cash flows used in financing activities (2,868) 
 (3) (2,871)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash 
 
 1
 1
Change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 49,549
 (1,659) 1,085
 48,975
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 54,775
 6,725
 1,821
 63,321
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period $104,324
 $5,066
 $2,906
 $112,296
Table of Contents
CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)


CEC Entertainment, Inc.
Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
For the Six Months Ended July 1, 2018
(in thousands)
           
  Issuer Guarantors Non-Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated
Cash flows provided by operating activities: $55,435
 $14,473
 $(4,883) $
 $65,025
           
Cash flows from investing activities:          
  Purchases of property and equipment (22,876) (12,792) (1,140) 
 (36,808)
  Development of internal use software (973) (49) 
 
 (1,022)
  Proceeds from sale of property and equipment 570
 (158) 
 
 412
Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities (23,279) (12,999) (1,140) 
 (37,418)
           
Cash flows from financing activities:          
  Repayments on senior term loan (3,800) 
 
 
 (3,800)
  Payment of debt financing costs (395) 
 
 
 (395)
  Payments on capital lease obligations (291) 
 (4) 
 (295)
  Payments on sale leaseback transactions (1,384) 
 
 
 (1,384)
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities (5,870) 
 (4) 
 (5,874)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash 
 
 49
 
 49
Change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 26,286
 1,474
 (5,978) 
 21,782
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 59,948
 410
 6,954
 
 67,312
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period $86,234
 $1,884
 $976
 $
 $89,094


25

Table of Contents
CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)

CEC Entertainment, Inc.Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
For the Six Months Ended July 2, 2017
For the Three Months Ended April 1, 2018For the Three Months Ended April 1, 2018
(in thousands)
                  
 Issuer Guarantors Non-Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated Issuer Guarantors Non-Guarantors Consolidated
Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities: $55,867
 $20,594
 $141
 $
 $76,602
 $38,848
 $18,807
 $(5,091) $52,564
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
Cash flows from investing activities: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchases of property and equipment (32,066) (14,330) (649) 
 (47,045) (9,502) (7,868) (690) (18,060)
Development of internal use software 
 (2,075) 
 
 (2,075) (622) 107
 
 (515)
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment 237
 
 
 
 237
 316
 (158) 
 158
Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities (31,829)
(16,405)
(649)


(48,883)
Cash flows used in investing activities (9,808)
(7,919)
(690)
(18,417)
                  
Cash flows from financing activities:                  
Repayments on senior term loan (3,800) 
 
 
 (3,800) (1,900) 
 
 (1,900)
Repayments on note payable 
 (13) 
 
 (13)
Proceeds from sale leaseback transaction 4,073
 
 
 
 4,073
Payments on capital lease obligations (215) 
 (3) 
 (218) (143) 
 (2) (145)
Payments on sale leaseback transactions (1,161) 
 
 
 (1,161) (688) 
 
 (688)
Return of capital 1,447
 
 
 
 1,447
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities 344

(13)
(3)


328
Cash flows used in financing activities (2,731)


(2)
(2,733)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash 
 
 239
 
 239
 
 
 46
 46
Change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 24,382

4,176

(272)


28,286
 26,309

10,888

(5,737)
31,460
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 53,088
 1,158
 7,045
 
 61,291
 59,948
 410
 6,954
 67,312
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period $77,470
 $5,334
 $6,773
 $
 $89,577
 $86,257
 $11,298
 $1,217
 $98,772
13. Related Party Transactions:
We reimburse Apollo Management, L.P. for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with travel and Board of Directors related expenses. These expenses totaled $0.1 million for the three months ended July 1, 2018 and $0.2 million for the three months ended July 2, 2017 and $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the six months ended July 1, 2018 and July 2, 2017, respectively, and are included in “General and administrative expenses” in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
We utilize anIn addition, CEC Entertainment engages Apollo portfolio companycompanies to provide various services, including security services to certain ofits venues, licensed music video content for use in its venues, and employment screening services to its recruiting functions. Included in our venues. TheseTotal operating costs and expenses totaled approximately $0.2are related expenses totaling $0.4 million for both the three months ended JulyMarch 31, 2019 and April 1, 2018 and July 2, 2017, respectively, and $0.5 million for both the six months ended July 1, 2018 and July 2, 2017, respectively, in connection with services provided by this Apollo portfolio company. These expenses are included in “Other venue operating expenses”2018.
Included in our Consolidated StatementsAccounts Receivable balance are amounts due from Parent totaling $2.6 million at both March 31, 2019 and December 30, 2018, primarily related to various general and administrative and transaction related expenses paid on behalf of Earnings.Parent.
Note 14. Commitments and Contingencies:
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are involved in various inquiries, investigations, claims, lawsuits and other legal proceedings that are incidental to the conduct of our business. These matters typically involve claims from customers, employees or other third parties involved in operational issues common to the retail, restaurant and entertainment industries. Such matters typically represent actions with respect to contracts, intellectual property, taxation, employment, employee benefits, personal injuries and other matters. A number of such claims may exist at any given time, and there are currently a number of claims and legal proceedings pending against us.

26

Table of Contents
CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)

In the opinion of our management, after consultation with legal counsel, the amount of liability with respect to claims or proceedings currently pending against us is not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. All necessary loss accruals based on the probability and estimate of loss have been recorded.
Employment-Related Litigation: On October 10, 2014, former General Manager Richard Sinohui filed a purported class action lawsuit against CEC Entertainment in the Superior Court of California, Riverside County (the “Sinohui Litigation”), claiming to represent other similarly-situated current and former General Managers of CEC Entertainment in California during the period October 10, 2010 to the present. The lawsuit sought an unspecified amount in damages and to certify a class based on allegations that CEC Entertainment wrongfully classified current and former California General Managers as exempt from overtime protections; that such General Managers worked more than 40 hours a week without overtime premium pay, paid rest periods, and paid meal periods; and that CEC Entertainment failed to provide accurate itemized wage statements or to pay timely wages upon separation from employment, in violation of the California Labor Code, California Business and Professions Code, and the applicable Wage Order issued by the California Industrial Welfare Commission. The plaintiff also alleged that CEC Entertainment failed to reimburse General Managers for certain business expenses, including for personal cell phone usage and mileage, in violation of the California Labor Code; he also asserted a claim for civil penalties under the California Private Attorneys General Act (“PAGA”). On December 5, 2014, CEC Entertainment removed the Sinohui Litigation to the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, Southern Division. On March 16, 2016, the Court issued an order denying in part and granting in part Plaintiff’s Motion for Class Certification. Specifically, the Court denied Plaintiff’s motion to the extent that he sought to certify a class on Plaintiff’s misclassification and wage statement claims, but certified a class with respect to Plaintiff’s claims that CEC Entertainment had wrongfully failed to reimburse him for cell phone expenses and/or mileage. On June 14, 2016, the Court dismissed Sinohui’s PAGA claim. After participating in mediation on April 19, 2017, the parties agreed to settle all of Sinohui’s individual and class claims. Pursuant to the basic terms of their settlement, Sinohui will grant a complete release to CEC Entertainment on behalf of himself and the class of all claims that he asserted or could have asserted against the Company, based on the facts that gave rise to the certified reimbursement claim in the Sinohui Litigation, in exchange for the Company’s settlement payment. On December 13, 2017, the Court entered its order granting preliminary approval of the parties’ settlement and setting a final fairness hearing for June 15, 2018. Pursuant to the order, Plaintiff filed his motion for final approval of the parties’ settlement on April 27, 2018; the Court then set the motion for hearing on June 15, 2018. By order dated June 6, 2018, the Court continued the hearing on the motion for final approval to September 21, 2018. The settlement of this lawsuit should not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, liquidity or capital resources.
On January 30, 2017, former Technical Manager Kevin French filed a purported class action lawsuit against the Company in the U. S. District Court for the Northern District of California (“the French Federal Court Lawsuit”), alleging that CEC Entertainment failed to pay overtime wages, failed to issue accurate itemized wage statements, failed to pay wages due upon separation of employment, and failed to reimburse for certain business expenses, including for mileage and personal cell phone usage, in violation of the California Labor Code and federal law, and seeking to certify separate classes on his federal and state claims. On October 30, 2017, the parties conducted a mediation. At the conclusion of the mediation, the parties agreed to settle all of French’s class and individual claims. Pursuant to the parties’ agreement, on November 14, 2017, the Federal Court Lawsuit was dismissed, and on November 15, 2017, Plaintiff filed a new lawsuit in Superior Court of San Bernadino County, California (the “French State Court Lawsuit”). The French State Court Lawsuit carried forward only the California state law claims alleging a failure to reimburse for business expenses, and sought to certify a class of CEC California Senior Assistant Managers, Assistant Managers, Technical Managers and Assistant Technical Managers who were authorized to drive on behalf of CEC from January 30, 2013 through April 27, 2018. On December 20, 2017, further pursuant to the parties’
settlement, Plaintiff filed a Notice of Settlement. The Court entered an order preliminarily approving of the parties’ settlement on May 17, 2018; in that same order, the Court set the final approval hearing for October 15, 2018. The settlement of this action will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, liquidity or capital resources.
Litigation Related to the Merger: Following the January 16, 2014 announcement that CEC Entertainment had entered into an agreement (“Merger Agreement”), pursuant to which an entity controlled by Apollo Global Management, LLC and its

subsidiaries merged with and into CEC Entertainment, with CEC Entertainment surviving the merger (“the Merger”), four putative shareholder class actions were filed in the District Court of Shawnee County, Kansas, on behalf of purported stockholders of CEC Entertainment, against A.P. VIII Queso Holdings, L.P., CEC Entertainment, CEC Entertainment's directors, Apollo and Merger Sub (as defined in the Merger Agreement), in connection with the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby. These actions were consolidated into one action (the “Consolidated Shareholder Litigation”) in March 2014, and on July 21, 2015, a consolidated class action petition was filed as the operative consolidated complaint, asserting claims against CEC’s former directors, adding The Goldman Sachs Group (“Goldman Sachs”) as a defendant, and removing all Apollo entities as defendants (the “Consolidated Class Action Petition”). The Consolidated Class Action Petition alleges that CEC Entertainment’s directors breached their fiduciary duties to CEC Entertainment’s stockholders in connection

27

Table of Contents
CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(Unaudited)

with their consideration and approval of the Merger Agreement by, among other things, conducting a deficient sales process, agreeing to an inadequate tender price, agreeing to certain provisions in the Merger Agreement, and filing materially deficient disclosures regarding the transaction. The Consolidated Class Action Petition also alleges that two members of CEC Entertainment’s board who also served as the senior managers of CEC Entertainment had material conflicts of interest and that Goldman Sachs aided and abetted the board’s breaches as a result of various conflicts of interest facing the bank. The Consolidated Class Action Petition seeks, among other things, to recover damages, attorneys’ fees and costs. The Company assumed the defense of the Consolidated Shareholder Litigation on behalf of CEC’s named former directors and Goldman Sachs pursuant to existing indemnity agreements. On March 23, 2016, the Court conducted a hearing on the defendants’ Motion to Dismiss the Consolidated Class Action Petition and on March 1, 2017, the Special Master appointed by the Court issued a report recommending to the Court that the Consolidated Class Action Petition be dismissed. On September 9, 2018, the Court accepted the Special Master’s recommendations and dismissed the lawsuit in its entirety.
On March 17, 2017, Plaintiffs filed objections toOctober 8, 2018, the Special Master’s report and recommendation withPlaintiff in the Kansas court and separatelyConsolidated Shareholder Litigation filed a motion with the Special Master to amend the complaint as to Goldman Sachs, but not objecting to the dismissalnotice of CEC or its former directors. On November 20, 2017, the Special Master filed a Supplemental Report recommending to the Court that Plaintiffs’ motion for leave to amend be denied; ifappeal of the District Court accepts the Special Master’s supplemental recommendations, the case will be dismissed in its entirety. Both remainingCourt’s decision. The parties (Plaintiffshave filed their briefs and Goldman Sachs) filed objections to the Supplemental Report on December 22, 2017, and the parties filed responses to these objections on February 16, 2018. The District Court has not yet set this caseare awaiting a setting for trial.oral argument. While no assurance can be given as to the ultimate outcome of the consolidated matter, we currently believe that the final resolution of the action will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, liquidity or capital resources.
Peter Piper, Inc. Litigation: On September 8, 2016, Diane Jacobson filed a purported class action lawsuit against Peter Piper, Inc. (“Peter Piper”)
Note 15. Subsequent Events:
The Company has evaluated subsequent events through May 14, 2019, and determined that there have been no events that have occurred that would require adjustments to our disclosures in the U.S. District Courtconsolidated financial statements except for the Districttransaction described below:
Business Combination: On April 7, 2019, Parent and Leo Holdings Corp. (“Leo”), a publicly traded special purpose acquisition company, together with Parent’s controlling stockholder, an entity owned by funds managed by affiliates of Arizona, Tucson DivisionApollo, entered into a Business Combination Agreement (the “Jacobson Litigation”“Leo Merger Agreement”). The plaintiff claimsAlso concurrent with the closing of the transaction, Leo will domesticate as a Delaware corporation, following which Parent will merge with and into Leo with the result that the Company will become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Leo, which will be renamed Chuck E. Cheese Brands Inc. (the “Business Combination”). Concurrent with the consummation of the Business Combination, additional investors will purchase $100 million of common stock of Leo in a private placement. After giving effect to represent other similarly-situated consumers who, withinany redemptions by the two years priorpublic shareholders of Leo, the balance of the approximately $200 million in cash held in Leo Holdings’ trust account, together with the $100 million in private placement proceeds, will be used to pay transaction expenses and de-leverage the Company’s existing capital structure by repaying all, or substantially all, of the $255 million senior notes (see Note 6. “Indebtedness and Interest Expense -Senior Unsecured Debt”). It is expected that existing shareholders including funds managed by affiliates of Apollo, will hold an approximately 51% stake in the Company upon completion of the Business Combination.
In connection with the proposed Business Combination, including the domestication of Leo as a Delaware corporation, on April 29, 2019 Leo filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-4 containing a preliminary proxy statement and a preliminary prospectus of Leo. After the registration statement is declared effective, Leo will mail a definitive proxy statement/prospectus relating to the filingproposed Business Combination and other relevant materials for the proposed Business Combination to its shareholders as of the Jacobson Litigation, received a printed receipt on which Peter Piper allegedly printed more than the last five digits of the consumer’s credit/debit card number, in violation of the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act. On November 11, 2016, Peter Piper filed a motionrecord date to dismiss the Jacobson Litigation. After the plaintiff filed her opposition to the Motion to Dismiss and Peter Piper filed its reply in support thereof, the motion was submitted to the Courtbe established for ruling on December 22, 2016. On February 2, 2017, the Court stayed the Jacobson Litigation pending the decision of the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in Noble v. Nevada Check Cab Corp., a case that presented an issue for decision that is relevant to Peter Piper’s motion to dismiss. On March 9, 2018, the Ninth Circuit issued its decision in the Noble case, setting precedent that favors Peter Piper’s position in the Jacobson Litigation. Basedvoting on the appellate court’s decision in that case, on March 15, 2018 Peter Piper filed a motion to lift the stay and requesting that the trial court grant its motion to dismiss. On June 28, 2018, the magistrate judge issued a report recommending that the District Court grant Peter Piper’s motion to dismiss and dismiss the plaintiff’s claims without prejudice to their refiling. On August 3, 2018, the District Court accepted the magistrate judge’s recommendation and entered an order dismissing the lawsuit without prejudice to its refiling.proposed Business Combination.



ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
As used in this report, the terms “CEC Entertainment,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to CEC Entertainment, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to provide the readers of our Consolidated Financial Statements with a narrative from the perspective of our management on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and certain other factors that may affect our future results. Our MD&A should be read in conjunction with (i) our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in Part I, Item 1. “Financial Statements” of this report and (ii) Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Part II, Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 201730, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 28, 2018.12, 2019. Our MD&A includes the following sub-sections:
Presentation of Operating Results;
Executive Summary;
Key Measure of Our Financial Performance and Key Non-GAAP Measures;
Key Income Statement Line Item Descriptions;
Results of Operations;
Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources;
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations;
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates;
Recently Issued Accounting Guidance;
Non-GAAP Financial Measures; and
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.

Presentation of Operating Results
We operate on a 52 or 53 week fiscal year that ends on the Sunday nearest to December 31. Each quarterly period has 13 weeks, except for a 53 week year when the fourth quarter has 14 weeks. Our current fiscal year, which ends on December 30, 2018,29, 2019, and our fiscal year ended December 31, 2017,30, 2018, each consist of 52 weeks.
Seasonality and Variation in Quarterly Results
Our operating results fluctuate seasonally due to the timing of school vacations, holidays and changing weather conditions. As a result, we typically generate higher sales volumes during the first quarter of each fiscal year. School operating schedules, holidays and weather conditions may affect sales volumes in some operating regions differently than others. Because of the seasonality of our business, results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be achieved for the full fiscal year.
Executive Summary
General
We develop, operate and franchise family dining and entertainment centers (also referred to as “venues”) under the names “Chuck E. Cheese’s” (“Where A Kid Can Be A Kid”) and “Peter Piper Pizza” (“The Solution to the Family Night Out”Pizza Made Fresh, Families Made Happy”). Our venues deliver a lively, kid-friendly atmosphere that feature a broad array of entertainment offerings including arcade-style and skill-oriented games, rides, live entertainment shows, and other attractions, with the opportunity for kids to win tickets that they can redeem for prizes. We combine this memorable entertainment experience with a broad and creative menu that combines kid-friendly classics as well as a selection of more sophisticated options for adults. We operate 559554 venues and have an additional 196194 venues operating under franchise arrangements across 47 states and 14 foreign countries and territories as of July 1, 2018.March 31, 2019.

The following table summarizes information regarding the number of Company-operated and franchised venues for the periods presented:
 Three Months Ended Six Months Ended Three Months Ended
 July 1,
2018
 July 2,
2017
 July 1,
2018
 July 2,
2017
 March 31,
2019
 April 1,
2018
Number of Company-operated venues:            
Beginning of period 561
 560
 562
 559
 554
 562
New 
 2
 
 3
 
 
Acquired from franchisee 
 2
 
 2
Acquired from franchisee (1)
 1
 
Closed (2) 
 (3) 
 (1) (1)
End of period 559
 564
 559
 564
 554
 561
Number of franchised venues:            
Beginning of period 195
 191
 192
 188
 196
 192
New 2
 4
 6
 7
 
 4
Acquired from franchisee 
 (2) 
 (2)
Acquired from franchisee (1)
 (1) 
Closed (1) 
 (2) 
 (1) (1)
End of period 196
 193
 196
 193
 194
 195
Total number of venues:            
Beginning of period 756
 751
 754
 747
 750
 754
New 2
 6
 6
 10
 
 4
Acquired from franchisee 
 
 
 
 
 
Closed (3) 
 (5) 
 (2) (2)
End of period 755
 757
 755
 757
 748
 756
__________________
(1)The number of new Company-operated venues and closed franchised venues during the three months ended March 31, 2019 included one store that was acquired from a franchisee.
Key Measure of Our Financial Performance and Key Non-GAAP Measures
Comparable venue sales. We define “comparable venue sales” as the sales for our domestic Company-operated venues that have been open for more than 18 months as of the beginning of each respective fiscal year or acquired venues we have operated for at least 12 months as of the beginning of each respective fiscal year. Comparable venue sales also excludes sales for our domestic Company-owned venues that are expected to be temporarily closed for more than three months primarily as a result of natural disasters, fires, floods and property damage. We define “comparable venue sales change” as the percentage change in comparable venue sales for each respective fiscal period. We believe comparable venue sales change to be a key performance indicator used within our industry; it is a critical factor when evaluating our performance, as it is indicative of acceptance of our strategic initiatives and local economic and consumer trends.
Adjusted EBITDA and Margin. We define Adjusted EBITDA, a measure used by management to assess operating performance, as net income (loss) plus interest expense, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization expense, impairments, gains and losses on asset disposals, and stock based compensation. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA excludes other items we consider unusual or non-recurring and certain other adjustments required or permitted in calculating covenant compliance under the indenture governing our senior notes and/or our secured credit facilities. Adjusted EBITDA Margin represents Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of total revenues.
Key Income Statement Line Item Descriptions
Revenues. Our primary source of revenues is sales at our Company-ownedCompany-operated venues (“Companycompany venue sales”), which consist of the sale of food, beverages, unlimited game-play time blocks, game-play credits, and merchandise. A portion of our Companycompany venue sales are from sales of value-priced combination packages have historically beengenerally comprised of food, beverage, and through the end of the second quarter of 2018, game plays (“Package Deals”),and/or time blocks, which we promote through in-venue menu pricing, our website and coupon offerings. We allocateBeginning in the third quarter of 2018, we offer combination packages comprised of food and beverage only (“Package Deals”), with game plays and/or time blocks available for purchase separately. Prior to the bifurcation of the “Food and beverage sales” and “Entertainment and merchandise sales” components of combination packages, we allocated the revenues recognized from the sale of our Package Dealscombination packages and coupons between “Food and beverage sales” and “Entertainment and merchandise sales” based upon the relative price charged for each component when it is sold separately, or in limited circumstances,circumstanc

es, our best estimate of selling price if a component is not sold on a stand-alone basis, which we believe approximates each component’s fair value.
Food and beverage sales include all revenues recognized with respect to stand-alone food and beverage sales, as well asand through the end of the second quarter of 2018, the portion of revenues allocated from Package Dealscombination packages and coupons that relate to food and beverage sales. Entertainment and

merchandise sales include all revenues recognized with respect to stand-alone game tokensales of game-play credits and game play credit sales, as well asunlimited game-play time blocks, and through the end of the second quarter of 2018, a portion of revenues allocated from Package Dealscombination packages and coupons that relate to entertainment and merchandise.
Franchise fees and royalties are another source of revenues. We earn monthly royalties from our franchisees based on a percentage of each franchise venue’s sales. We also receive development and initial franchise fees to establish new franchised venues, as well as earn fees from the sale of equipment and other items or services to franchisees. Historically, we recognized development and franchise fees as revenues when the franchise venue had opened and we had substantially completed our obligations to the franchisee relating to the opening of a venue. Effective January 1, 2018, with the adoption of Accounting Standards Update 2016-10 Revenues from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), weWe recognize initial and renewal development and franchise fees as revenues on a straight-line basis over the life of the franchise agreement starting when the franchise venue has opened. In addition, ourOur national advertising fund receipts from members of the International Association of CEC Entertainment, Inc. (the “Association”) are now accounted for on a gross basis as revenue from franchisees, when historically they have been netted against advertising expense.franchisees.
Company venue operating costs. Certain of our costs and expenses relate only to the operation of our Company-operated venues. These costs and expenses are listed and described below:
Cost of food and beverage includes all direct costs of food, beverages and costs of related paper and birthday supplies, less rebates from suppliers;
Cost of entertainment and merchandise includes all direct costs of prizes provided and merchandise sold to our customers, as well as the cost of tickets dispensed to customers;customers.
Labor expenses consist of salaries and wages, bonuses, related payroll taxes and benefits for venue personnel;
Rent expenseLease costs includes lease costs for Company-operated venues, excluding common occupancy costs (e.g.,including common area maintenance (“CAM”) charges and property taxes);charges; and
Other venue operating expenses primarily include utilities, repair and maintenance costs, liability and property insurance, CAM charges, property taxes, credit card processing fees, licenses, preopening expenses, venue asset disposal gains and losses and all other costs directly related to the operation of a venue.
“Cost of food and beverage” and “Cost of entertainment and merchandise,” as a percentage of Company venue sales, are influenced both by the cost of products and by the overall mix of our Package Deals and coupon offerings. “Entertainment and merchandise sales” have higher margins than “Food and beverage sales.”
Advertising expense. Advertising expense includes production costs for television commercials, newspaper inserts, Internet advertising, coupons, and media expenses for national and local advertising, consulting fees and consulting fees.other forms of advertising such as social media.
General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses represent all costs associated with operating our corporate office, including regional and district management and corporate personnel payroll and benefits, back-office support systems, costs of outsourced functions, and other administrative costs not directly related to the operation of our Company-operated venues.
Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization includes expenses that are directly related to our
Company-operated venues’ property and equipment, including leasehold improvements, game and ride equipment, furniture,
fixtures and other equipment, and depreciation and amortization of corporate assets and intangibles.
Results of Operations
The following table summarizes our principal sources of company venue sales expressed in dollars and as a percentage of total company venue sales for the periods presented:
 Three Months Ended Three Months Ended
 July 1, 2018 July 2, 2017 March 31, 2019 April 1, 2018
 (in thousands, except percentages) (in thousands, except percentages)
Food and beverage sales $96,258
 45.4% $97,411
 47.0% $117,815
 44.0% $118,377
 47.4%
Entertainment and merchandise sales 115,904
 54.6% 109,724
 53.0% 149,677
 56.0% 131,117
 52.6%
Total company venue sales $212,162
 100.0% $207,135
 100.0% $267,492
 100.0% $249,494
 100.0%


  Six Months Ended
  July 1, 2018 July 2, 2017
  (in thousands, except percentages)
Food and beverage sales $214,635
 46.5% $221,830
 47.5%
Entertainment and merchandise sales 247,021
 53.5% 245,641
 52.5%
Total company venue sales $461,656
 100.0% $467,471
 100.0%


The following table summarizes our revenues and expenses expressed in dollars and as a percentage of Total revenues (except as otherwise noted) for the periods presented:
 Three Months Ended Three Months Ended
 July 1, 2018 July 2, 2017 March 31, 2019 April 1, 2018
 (in thousands, except percentages) 
(in thousands, except percentages (4))
Total company venue sales $212,162
 97.6 % $207,135
 97.8 % $267,492
 97.9% $249,494
 97.9%
Franchise fees and royalties 5,196
 2.4 % 4,649
 2.2 % 5,820
 2.1% 5,410
 2.1%
Total revenues 217,358
 100.0 % 211,784
 100.0 % 273,312
 100.0% 254,904
 100.0%
Company venue operating costs:        
Operating Costs and Expenses:        
Cost of food and beverage (1)
 22,894
 23.8 % 22,823
 23.4 % 26,652
 22.6% 27,360
 23.1%
Cost of entertainment and merchandise (2)
 8,421
 7.3 % 6,854
 6.2 % 11,746
 7.8% 9,382
 7.2%
Total cost of food, beverage, entertainment and merchandise (3)
 31,315
 14.8 % 29,677
 14.3 % 38,398
 14.4% 36,742
 14.7%
Labor expenses (3)
 62,618
 29.5 % 60,351
 29.1 % 72,505
 27.1% 67,349
 27.0%
Rent expense (3)
 24,714
 11.6 % 23,906
 11.5 %
Lease costs (3)
 27,027
 10.1% 24,049
 9.6%
Other venue operating expenses (3)
 37,069
 17.5 % 35,967
 17.4 % 35,297
 13.2% 38,062
 15.3%
Total company venue operating costs (3)
 155,716
 73.4 % 149,901
 72.4 % 134,829
 50.4% 129,460
 51.9%
Other costs and expenses:
 

 

   

Other costs and expenses:        
Advertising expense 12,977
 6.0 % 12,237
 5.8 % 12,253
 4.5% 13,974
 5.5%
General and administrative expenses 13,416
 6.2 % 13,719
 6.5 % 15,243
 5.6% 12,909
 5.1%
Depreciation and amortization 25,493
 11.7 % 27,623
 13.0 % 24,334
 8.9% 26,572
 10.4%
Transaction, severance and related litigation costs 191
 0.1 % 490
 0.2 % 23
 % 534
 0.2%
Asset impairments 1,591
 0.7 % 
  %
Total operating costs and expenses 209,384
 96.3 % 203,970
 96.3 % 225,080
 82.4% 220,191
 86.4%
Operating income 7,974
 3.7 % 7,814
 3.7 % 48,232
 17.6% 34,713
 13.6%
Interest expense 19,113
 8.8 % 17,061
 8.1 % 19,808
 7.2% 18,557
 7.3%
Loss before income taxes $(11,139) (5.1)% $(9,247) (4.4)%
Income before income taxes $28,424
 10.4% $16,156
 6.3%
 __________________
(1)Percent amount expressed as a percentage of Food and beverage sales.
(2)Percent amount expressed as a percentage of Entertainment and merchandise sales.
(3)Percent amount expressed as a percentage of Total company venue sales.
(4)Due to rounding, percentages presented in the table above may not sum to total. The percentage amounts for the components of Cost of food and beverage and the Cost of entertainment and merchandise may not sum to total due to the fact that Cost of food and beverage and Cost of entertainment and merchandise are expressed as a percentage of related Food and beverage sales and Entertainment and merchandise sales, as opposed to Total company venue sales. 


  Six Months Ended
  July 1, 2018 July 2, 2017
  (in thousands, except percentages)
Total company venue sales $461,656
 97.8% $467,471
 98.1%
Franchise fees and royalties 10,606
 2.2% 9,272
 1.9%
Total revenues 472,262
 100.0% 476,743
 100.0%
Company venue operating costs:        
Cost of food and beverage (1)
 50,254
 23.4% 51,040
 23.0%
Cost of entertainment and merchandise (2)
 17,802
 7.2% 15,341
 6.2%
Total cost of food, beverage, entertainment and merchandise (3)
 68,056
 14.7% 66,381
 14.2%
Labor expenses (3)
 129,966
 28.2% 126,738
 27.1%
Rent expense (3)
 48,764
 10.6% 47,225
 10.1%
Other venue operating expenses (3)
 75,132
 16.3% 72,716
 15.6%
Total company venue operating costs (3)
 321,918
 69.7% 313,060
 67.0%
Other costs and expenses:
 

 

   

Advertising expense 26,952
 5.7% 25,619
 5.4%
General and administrative expenses 26,325
 5.6% 29,090
 6.1%
Depreciation and amortization 52,065
 % 55,928
 %
Transaction, severance and related litigation costs 725
 0.2% 570
 0.1%
Asset impairments 1,591
 0.3% 
 %
Total operating costs and expenses 429,576
 91.0% 424,267
 89.0%
Operating income 42,686
 9.0% 52,476
 11.0%
Interest expense 37,671
 8.0% 34,123
 7.2%
Income before income taxes $5,015
 1.1% $18,353
 3.8%
 __________________
(1)Percent amount expressed as a percentage of Food and beverage sales.
(2)Percent amount expressed as a percentage of Entertainment and merchandise sales.
(3)Percent amount expressed as a percentage of Total company venue sales.
(4)Due to rounding, percentages presented in the table above may not sum to total. The percentage amounts for the components of Cost of food and beverage and the Cost of entertainment and merchandise may not sum to total due to the fact that Cost of food and beverage and Cost of entertainment and merchandise are expressed as a percentage of related Food and beverage sales and Entertainment and merchandise sales, as opposed to Total company venue sales. 
Three months ended July 1, 2018March 31, 2019 Compared to the Three months ended July 2, 2017April 1, 2018
Revenues
Company venue sales were $212.2$267.5 million and $249.5 million for the secondfirst quarter of 2019 and the first quarter of 2018, compared to $207.1 million for the second quarter of 2017,respectively. The increase in Company venue sales is primarily attributable to a 1.0%7.7% increase in comparable venue salessales. In addition, revenue deferrals were $1.9 million and a $4.6$3.2 million increase in net breakage related to PlayPass compared tofor the secondfirst quarter of 2017,2019 and the first quarter of 2018, respectively, declining as a result of the introduction of AYCP, our time-based play offering, in the third quarter of 2018. These favorable impacts were partially offset by a $1.2$1.5 million decrease in revenue duerelated to temporary store closures.venue closures in 2018.
Franchise fees and royalties increased from $4.6$5.4 million to $5.2$5.8 million or 7.6% in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the first quarter of 2018, primarily due to the impact of new revenue recognition guidance which was effective for us on January 1, 2018. Franchise fees and royalties for the second quarter of 2018 increased $0.6 million related to the recognition of our national advertising fund contributions as revenue, rather than netted against advertising expense (see “Advertising Expense” below).a net increase in franchise locations.
Company Venue Operating Costs
The cost of food, beverage, entertainment and merchandise, as a percentage of total company venue sales, was 14.4% and 14.7% for thefirst quarter of 2019 and 2018 , respectively, as sales shifted towards higher margin entertainment and merchandise sales from food and beverage sales.

The cost of food and beverage, as a percentage of food and beverage sales, was 23.8%22.6% and 23.1% for the second quarter of 2018 compared to 23.4% for the second quarter of 2017. The marginal increase in the cost of food and beverage on a percentage basis in the second quarter of 2018 was primarily driven by mix shift related to a promotion on chicken wing packages during the second quarter of 2018.

The cost of entertainment and merchandise, as a percentage of entertainment and merchandise sales, was 7.3% for the second quarter of 2018 compared to 6.2% for the second quarter of 2017. The increase in the cost of entertainment and merchandise on a percentage basis in the second quarter of 2018 was impacted by an increase in PlayPass related supplies as a result of PlayPass being deployed to all of our Company-owned venues compared to 459 venues at the end of the second quarter of 2017 and due to the impact of various tests related to time based play and “More Tickets” in certain of our venues during the second quarter of 2018.
Labor expenses were $62.6 million in the second quarter of 2018 compared to $60.4 million in the second quarter of 2017. The increase in the second quarter of 2018 reflects a 4.7% increase in our average hourly wage rate, driven by mandated minimum wage rate increases, partially offset by a reduction in hours.
Other venue operating expenses were $37.1 million in the second quarter of 2018 compared to $36.0 million in the second quarter of 2017. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in self-insurance expense associated with general liability claims, an increase in common area maintenance expenses, and increased expenses related to the production of new menu panels and inserts in connection with the launch of time based play in all of our domestic Company-operated venues.
Advertising Expense
Advertising expense was $13.0 million in the second quarter of 2018 compared to $12.2 million in the second quarter of 2017. Advertising expense for the second quarter of 2018 was impacted by the adoption of a new revenue recognition standard effective January 1, 2018 that requires us to account for our national advertising fund contributions as revenues, rather than netted against Advertising expense. Including the impact of netting national advertising fund revenues against Advertising expense, Advertising expense for the second quarter of 2018 would have been $12.4 million (see “Revenues” above).
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses were $13.4 million in the second quarter of 2018 compared to $13.7 million in the second quarter of 2017. The decrease in general and administrative expenses in the second quarter of 2018 is primarily due to cost reductions implemented in the first quarter of 2019 and 2018, partially offset by an increase in legal fees related to venue related incidents.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization was $25.5 million in the second quarter of 2018 compared to $27.6 million in the second quarter of 2017.respectively. The decrease in depreciation and amortization is primarily due to the impact of certain property plant and equipment having reached the end of their depreciable lives throughout the past year.
Transaction, Severance and Related Litigation Costs
Transaction, severance and related litigation costs were $0.2 million in the second quarter of 2018 compared to $0.5 million in the second quarter of 2017. The Transaction, severance and related litigation costs relate primarily to legal fees incurred in connection with litigation payments incurred in connection with the merger in 2014 of CEC Entertainment, Inc. with and into an entity controlled by Apollo Global Management, LLC and its subsidiaries (referred to as the “Merger”).
Income Taxes
Our effective income tax rate was 19.5% for the second quarter of 2018 as compared to 35.9% for the second quarter of 2017, and was favorably impacted by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act signed into law on December 22, 2017 which reduced the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. Our effective income tax rate for the second quarter of 2018 differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to state income taxes, the favorable impact of employment-related federal income tax credits offset by the negative impact of nondeductible litigation costs related to the Merger, non-deductible penalties, and state tax legislation enacted during the quarter that increased the amount of income subject to state taxation and changed state income tax rates. Our effective income tax rate for the second quarter of 2017 differed from the statutory rate primarily due to state income taxes and the favorable impact of employment-related federal income tax credits partially offset by the negative impact of non-deductible litigation costs related to the Merger.

Six months ended July 1, 2018 Compared to Six months ended July 2, 2017
Revenues
Company venue sales were $461.7 million for the first six months of 2018 compared to $467.5 million for the first six months of 2017, primarily attributable to a 2.4% decrease in comparable venue sales, offset partially by a $6.4 million decrease in deferred revenue related to PlayPass compared to the first six months of 2017, and revenue from new venue openings.
Franchise fees and royalties increased from $9.3 million to $10.6 million primarily due to the impact of new revenue recognition guidance which resulted in $1.3 million of national advertising fund contributions from franchisees being recorded as revenue, rather than netted against advertising expense in 2018 (see “Advertising Expense” below).
Company Venue Operating Costs
The cost of food and beverage, as a percentage of food and beverage sales, was 23.4% for the first six months of 2018 compared to 23.0% for the first six months of 2017. The increase in the cost of food and beverage on a percentage basis in the first six monthsquarter of 20182019 was primarily driven primarily by a changefavorability in sales mixcommodity prices and volume, partially offset by an increase in beverage costs.
The cost of entertainment and merchandise, as a percentage of entertainment and merchandise sales, was 7.8% and 7.2% for the first six monthsquarter of 2019 and 2018, compared to 6.2% forrespectively. The increase in the first six months of 2017. The cost of entertainment and merchandise on a percentage of sales basis in the first six monthsquarter of 2018 compared to2019 reflects the first six monthsimpact of 2017 was impacted by an increasethe All You Can Play and More Tickets initiatives we launched nationally in PlayPass related supplies as a result of PlayPass now being deployed to all of our Company-owned venues, compared to 268 venues at the beginning of 2017, and due to the impact of various tests related to time based play and “More Tickets” in certain of ourChuck E. Cheese Company-operated venues during the secondthird quarter of 2018.
Labor expenses were $130.0 millionGross profit, which represents Revenues less total cost of food, beverage, entertainment and merchandise, as a percentage of Total revenues was 86.0% and 85.6% for the first six monthsquarter of 2019 and 2018, compared to $126.7 millionrespectively. The increase in gross profit as a percentage of Total revenues was driven by the shift in Company venue sales towards entertainment and merchandise sales.
Labor expenses, as a percentage of sales, were 27.1% and 27.0% for the first six monthsquarter of 2017. Increased minimum2019 and 2018, respectively, as wage rates in several states, fully offset a decrease in labor hourspressures exceeded productivity gains.
Lease costs, as a resultpercentage of lower sales, volumes inwere 10.1% and 9.6%, for the first six monthsquarter of 2019 and 2018, compared torespectively. Lease costs for the first six monthsquarter of 2017.2019 were impacted by the adoption of a new lease standard effective December 31, 2018, the first day of Fiscal 2019, that requires us to recognize lease and non-lease components, such as CAM charges, as lease costs, rather than reflecting CAM charges as Other venue operating expenses. Excluding CAM charges, Lease costs, as a percentage of sales, would have been 8.8% for the first quarter of 2019.
Other venue operating costsexpenses, as a percentage of sales, were $75.1 million13.2% and 15.3% for the first quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively. Other venue operating expenses for the first quarter of 2019 were impacted by the adoption of a new lease standard, as discussed in the first six monthsprevious paragraph under Lease costs. Other venue operating expenses as a percentage of 2018 compared to $72.7 million insales, including the impact of CAM charges, would have been 14.5% for the first six monthsquarter of 2017. The increase was primarily due to an increase2019, reflecting savings initiatives in self-insurance expense associated with general liability claims, increased common area and utility costs, and increased expenses related to the production of new menu boards and panels, partially offset by a decreases in postage and maintenance and repair costs.
Advertising Expense
Advertising expense was $27.0$12.3 million in the first six months of 2018 compared to $25.6and $14.0 million in the first six months of 2017. Advertising expense for the first six monthsquarter of 2019 and 2018, was impacted by the adoption ofrespectively, due to a new revenue recognition standard effective January 1, 2018 that requires us to account forshift in our national advertising fund contributions as revenues, rather than netted against Advertising expense. Including the impact of netting national advertising fund revenues against Advertising expense, Advertising expense for the first six months of 2018 would have been $25.7 million (see “Revenues” above).marketing strategy.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses were $26.3$15.2 million and $12.9 million for the first six monthsquarter of 2019 and 2018, compared to $29.1 million for the first six months of 2017.respectively. The decreaseincrease in general and administrative expenses infor the first six monthsquarter of 20182019 is primarily due to an increase in performance-based compensation as a decrease in labor related litigation costs, and cost reductions implemented in the first quarterresult of 2018.improved operating results.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization was $52.1$24.3 million inand $26.6 million for the first six monthsquarter of 2019 and 2018, compared to $55.9 million in the first six months of 2017.respectively. The decrease in depreciation and amortization is primarily due to the impact of eight venue closures and non-cash venue impairments recorded in 2018, as well as certain property plant and equipment having reached the end of their depreciable lives.
Transaction, Severance and Related Litigation Costs
Transaction, severance and related litigation costs were $0.7 million in the first six months of 2018 compared to $0.6 million in the first six months of 2017. The Transaction, severance and related litigation costs in the first six months of 2018 relate primarily to $0.5 million in legal fees incurred in connection with Merger related litigation and severance payments of $0.2 million. The Transaction, severance and related litigation costs in the first six months of 2017 relate to legal fees incurred in connection with Merger related litigation.

Income Taxes
Our effective income tax rate was 25.3% and 24.3% for the six months ended July 1,first quarter of 2019 and 2018, was 35.1% as compared to 38.5% for the six months ended July 2, 2017, and was favorably impacted by the TCJA signed into law on December 22, 2017 which reduced the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%.respectively. Our effective income tax rate for the six months ended July 1,first quarter of 2019 and 2018 differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to state income taxes, the favorable impact ofwere both favorably impacted by employment-related federal income tax credits, and a one-time adjustment to deferred taxes (the tax effect of the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment existing as of January 1, 2018) resulting from the change in our intent to no longer indefinitely reinvest monies previously loaned to our Canadian subsidiary partially offset by state income taxes, the negative impact of nondeductible litigation costs related to the Merger, nondeductible penalties, and non-deductible penalties. In addition, our effectiveforeign income taxes (taxes withheld on royalties and franchise fees earned from international franchisees not offset by foreign tax rate for the six months ended July 1, 2018 was negatively impacted by certain state tax legislation enacted during the quarter that increased the amount of income subject to state taxation and changed state income tax rates. Our effective income tax rate for the six months ended July 2, 2017 differed from the statutory rate primarilycredits due to state income taxes and the favorable impact of employment-related federal incomeforeign tax credits partially offset by the negative impact of non-deductible litigation costs related to the Merger.credit limitation).
Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview of Liquidity

We finance our business activities through cash flows provided by our operations.
The primary components of working capital are as follows:
our guests pay for their purchases in cash or credit cards at the time of the sale and the cash from these sales is typically received before our related accounts payable to suppliers and employee payroll become due;
frequent inventory turnover results in a limited investment required in inventories; and
our accounts payable are generally due within five to 30 days.cash management strategies.
As a result of these factors, our requirement for working capital is not significant and we are able to operate with a net working capital deficit (current liabilities in excess of current assets), similar to other companies in the restaurant industry. As part of our capital allocation strategy, we may elect from time to time to retire certain of our debt obligations through voluntary prepayments or open market purchases.

Sources and Uses of Cash
The following tables present summarized consolidated financial information that we believe is helpful in evaluating our liquidity and capital resources as of and for the periods presented:
 Six Months Ended Three Months Ended
 July 1,
2018
 July 2,
2017
 March 31,
2019
 April 1,
2018
 (in thousands) (in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities $65,025
 $76,602
 $70,478
 $52,564
Net cash used in investing activities (37,418) (48,883) (18,633) (18,417)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (5,874) 328
Net cash used in financing activities (2,871) (2,733)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash 49
 239
 1
 46
Change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $21,782
 $28,286
 $48,975
 $31,460
Interest paid $35,906
 $31,861
 $23,799
 $22,546
Income taxes paid, net $421
 $7,716
Income taxes paid (refunded), net $(4,493) $180
 July 1,
2018
 December 31,
2017
 March 31,
2019
 December 30,
2018
 (in thousands) ($ in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents $88,887
 $67,200
 $112,030
 $63,170
Restricted cash $207
 $112
 266
 151
Term loan facility $727,700
 $731,500
 722,000
 723,900
Senior notes $255,000
 $255,000
 255,000
 255,000
Available unused commitments under revolving credit facility $141,000
 $140,100
 86,538
 141,000
Sources and Uses of Cash - SixThree months ended July 1, 2018March 31, 2019 Compared to the SixThree months ended July 2, 2017April 1, 2018
Net cash provided by operating activities was $65.0$70.5 million and $52.6 million in the sixthree months ended JulyMarch 31, 2019 and the three months ended April 1, 2018, compared to $76.6 million in the six months ended July 2, 2017.respectively. The decreaseincrease in net cash provided by operating activities is primarily due to a decreasean increase in net income, income tax refunds received, and fluctuations in our working capital.
Net cash used in investing activities was $37.4$18.6 million and $18.4 million in the sixthree months ended JulyMarch 31, 2019 and the three months ended April 1, 2018, compared to $48.9 million in the six months ended July 2, 2017.respectively. Net cash used in investing activities in the sixthree months ended JulyMarch 31, 2019 and April 1, 2018 and July 2, 2017 relates primarily to capital expenditures.
Net cash used in financing activities was $5.9$2.9 million and $2.7 million in the sixthree months ended JulyMarch 31, 2019 and the three months ended April 1, 2018, relating primarily to principal payments on our term loan and other lease related obligations. Net cash provided by financing activities of $0.3 million in the six months ended July 2, 2017 related primarily to sale leaseback proceeds of $4.1 million, partially offset by a $1.4 million return of capital.
Debt Financing
Secured Credit Facilities

Our secured credit facilities include (i) a $760.0 million term loan facility with a maturity date of February 14, 2021 (the “term loan facility”) and (ii) a $150.0$95.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility with an originala maturity date of November 16, 2020 (as discussed in more detail below, $95.0 million of our original $150.0 million revolving credit facility maturing on February 14, 2019, whichwas extended to November 16, 2020). The revolving credit facility includes a letter of credit sub-facility and a $30.0 million swingline loan sub-facility (the “revolving credit facility” and together with the term loan facility, the “secured credit facilities”). The secured credit facilities require scheduled quarterly payments on the term loan facility equal to 0.25% of the original principal amount of the term loan facility from July 2014 to December 2020, with the balance paid at maturity, February 14, 2021. As of July 1, 2018, we had no borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility and $9.0 million and $9.9 million of letters of credit issued but undrawn under the facility as of July 1, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
On May 8, 2018 we entered into an incremental assumption agreement with certain of our revolving credit facility lenders to extend the maturity on $95.0 million of the revolving credit facility through November 16, 2020. In connection with the extension of the maturity date, we agreed to the following covenants for the benefit of the revolving facility lenders: (a)

with respect to each fiscal year (commencing with the fiscal year ending December 30, 2018), to the extent we have positive excess cash flow (as defined in the secured credit facilities)facilities agreement), we willare required to make one or more optional prepaymentsa mandatory prepayment of term loansloan principal to the extent required such that the amount of such optional prepayments, together with the mandatory75% times our excess cash flow prepayment of term loans required under(as defined in the secured credit facilities in respect of such fiscal year, shall equal at least 75% of our excess cash flow for such fiscal year (subjectagreement and subject to step-downs based on our net first lien senior secured leverage ratio,ratio) exceeds $10 million with any such required mandatory payment reduced by any optional prepayments of principal that may have occurred during the fiscal year, and subject to a certain excess cash flow threshold amount) and (b) we shall not incur additional first lien senior secured debt in connection with certain acquisitions, mergers or consolidations unless our net first lien senior secured leverage ratio is not greater than 3.65 to 1.00 on a pro forma basis. The remaining $55.0 million of the original revolving credit facility matured on February 14, 2019 with no borrowing thereunder outstanding thereunder.
The secured credit facilities require scheduled quarterly payments on the term loan facility equal to 0.25% of the original principal amount of the term loan facility from July 2014 to December 2020, with the balance paid at maturity, February 14, 2021.
As of March 31, 2019, we had no borrowings outstanding and $8.5 million of letters of credit issued but undrawn under the revolving credit facility leaving $86.5 million in borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility as of March 31, 2019. As of December 30, 2018, we had no borrowings outstanding and $9.0 million of letters of credit issued but undrawn under the revolving credit facility.
Borrowings under the secured credit facilities bear interest at a rate equal to, at our option, either (a) a London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) determined by reference to the costs of funds for Eurodollar deposits for the interest period relevant to such borrowings, adjusted for certain additional costs, subject to a 1.00% floor in the case of term loans or (b) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (i) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.5%; (ii) the prime rate of Deutsche Bank AG New York Branch; and (iii) the one-month adjusted LIBOR plus 1.00%; in each case plus an applicable margin. The base applicable margin is 3.25% with respect to LIBOR borrowings and 2.25% with respect to base rate borrowings under the term loan facility, and base rate borrowings and swingline borrowings under the revolving credit facility. The applicable margin for LIBOR borrowings under the term loan facility is subject to one step down from 3.25% to 3.00%, based on our net first lien senior secured leverage ratio. The applicable margin for LIBOR borrowings under the revolving credit facility is subject to two step-downs from 3.25% to 3.00% and 2.75% based on our net first lien senior secured leverage ratio. EffectiveDuring both the three months ended March 4, 2016, the applicable margin for both our term loan facility31, 2019 and revolving credit facility stepped-down to 3.00%. Effective November 16, 2017,April 1, 2018, the applicable margin for LIBOR borrowings under both the term loan facility and the revolving facility returned to their previous level ofwas 3.25%.
During the sixthree months ended July 1, 2018,March 31, 2019, the federal funds rate ranged from 1.34%2.40% to 1.92%2.43%, the prime rate ranged from 4.5% to 5.0%was 5.50% and the one-month LIBOR ranged from 1.55%2.48% to 2.10%2.52%.
In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal under the secured credit facilities, we are required to pay a commitment fee to the lenders under the revolving credit facility with respect to the unutilized commitments thereunder. The base applicable commitment fee rate under the revolving credit facility wasis 0.5% per annum and is subject to one step-down from 0.5% to 0.375% based on our net first lien senior secured leverage ratio. EffectiveDuring both the three months ended March 4, 2016,31, 2019 and April 1, 2018, the commitment fee rate stepped down to 0.375%. Effective November 16, 2017, the commitment fee rate returned to its previous level ofwas 0.5%. We are also required to pay customary agency fees, as well as letter of credit participation fees computed at a rate per annum equal to the applicable margin for LIBOR rate borrowings on the dollar equivalent of the daily stated amount of outstanding letters of credit, plus such letter of credit issuer’s customary documentary and processing fees and charges and a fronting fee computed at a rate equal to 0.125% per annum on the daily stated amount of such letter of credit.
All borrowings under our revolving credit facility are subject to the satisfaction of customary conditions, including the absence of a default and the accuracy of representations and warranties.
Senior Unsecured Notes
Our senior unsecured notes consist of $255.0 million aggregate principal amount borrowings of 8.000%8.0% Senior Notes due 2022 (the “senior notes”) and mature on February 15, 2022. The senior notes bear interest at a rate of 8.000%8.0% per year payable February 15th and mature on February 15, 2022. August 15th of each year.
We may redeemcall some or all of the senior notes at certain redemption prices102% on or after February 15, 2019 and at 100% on or after February 15, 2020 as set forth in the indenture governing the senior notes (the “indenture”).

Capital Expenditures
We intend to continue to focus our future capital expenditures on reinvestment into our existing Company-operated Chuck E. Cheese’s and Peter Piper Pizza venues through various planned capital initiatives and the development or acquisition of additional Company-operated venues. During the first six months of 2018, we completed 144 game enhancements and 5 major remodels. We have funded and expect to continue to fund our capital expenditures through existing cash flows from operations. Capital expenditures in the first sixthree months of 20182019 totaled approximately $37.9$18.7 million.

The following table reconciles the approximate total capital spend by initiative to our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the periods presented:
 Six Months Ended Three Months Ended
 July 1, 2018
July 2, 2017 March 31, 2019
April 1, 2018
 (in thousands) (in thousands)
Growth capital spend (1)
 $10.768
 $28,890
 $4,904
 $5,307
Maintenance capital spend (2)
 25,256
 16,304
 13,332
 12,138
IT capital spend 1,858
 3,916
 418
 1,139
Total Capital Spend $37,882
 $49,110
 $18,654
 $18,584
__________________
(1)Growth capital spend includes major remodels, including the re-imaging effort to update Chuck E. Cheese venues to a new look and feel, venue expansions, our PlayPass initiative and new venue development, including relocations and franchise acquisitions.
(2)    Maintenance capital spend includes game enhancements, general venue capital expenditures and corporate capital expenditures.
We currently estimate our capital expenditures in 20182019 will total approximately $75$95 million to $85$105 million, inclusive of maintenance capital, growth capital and IT related capital.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations
As of July 1, 2018,March 31, 2019, we had no off-balance sheet financing arrangements as described in Regulation S-K Item 303(a)(4)(ii).
For information regarding our contractual obligations, refer to “Off Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations” in Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017,30, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 28, 2018.12, 2019.
See further discussion of our indebtedness and future debt obligations in “Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources - Debt Financing” of this report. There have been no other material changes to our contractual obligations since December 31, 2017.30, 2018.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Information with respect to our critical accounting policies and estimates, which we believe could have the most significant effect on our reported consolidated results and require difficult, subjective or complex judgment by management are described under “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017,30, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 28, 2018. See12, 2019. Except for the adoption of Accounting Standards Update ASU 2016-12, Leases (Topic 842) and subsequent amendment ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Target Improvements, there has been no other material change to the information concerning our critical accounting policies and estimates since December 30, 2018 (see Note 1.Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1. “Financial Statements” of this report. There has been no other material change to the information concerning our critical accounting policies and estimates since December 31, 2017.report).
Recently Issued Accounting Guidance
Refer to Note 1 “Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1. “Financial Statements” of this report for a description of recently issued accounting guidance.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted EBITDA, a measure used by management to assess operating performance, is defined as Net income (loss) plus interest expense, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization expense, impairments, gains and losses on asset disposals, and stock based compensation. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA excludes other items we consider unusual or non-recurring and certain other adjustments required or permitted in calculating covenant compliance under our secured credit facilities and the indenture governing our senior notes (see discussion of our senior notes in Note 6 “Indebtedness and Interest Expense” to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1. “Financial Statements” and above under the heading “Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources - Debt Financing”).

Adjusted EBITDA is presented because we believe that it provides useful information to investors regarding our operating performance and our capacity to incur and service debt and fund capital expenditures. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA is used by many investors, analysts and rating agencies as a measure of performance. We also present Adjusted EBITDA because it is substantially similar to Credit Agreement EBITDA, a measure used in calculating financial ratios and other calculations under our debt agreements, except for (i) the Change in deferred amusement revenue, and (ii) excluding the annualized full year effect of Company-operated and franchised venues that were opened and closed during the year. By reporting Adjusted EBITDA, we provide a basis for comparison of our business operations between current, past and future periods by excluding items that we do not believe are indicative of our core operating performance.
Our definition of Adjusted EBITDA allows for the exclusion of certain non-cash and other income and expense items that are used in calculating net income from continuing operations. However, these are items that may recur, vary greatly and can be difficult to predict. They can represent the effect of long-term strategies as opposed to short-term results. In addition, certain of these items can represent the reduction of cash that could be used for other corporate purposes. These measures should not be considered as alternatives to operating income, cash flows from operating activities or any other performance measures derived in accordance with GAAP as measures of operating performance, or cash flows as measures of liquidity. These measures have important limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider them in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Because of these limitations, we rely primarily on our U.S. GAAP results and use Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin, only supplementally.

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of Net income to Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin for the periods presented:
 Three Months Ended Six Months Ended Three Months Ended
 July 1, 2018 July 2, 2017 July 1, 2018 July 2, 2017 March 31, 2019 April 1,
2018
 (in thousands, except percentages) (in thousands, except percentages)
Total revenues $217,358
 $211,784
 $472,262
 $476,743
 $273,312
 $254,904
Net income as reported $(8,965)
$(5,930)
$3,256

$11,292
 $21,246

$12,223
Interest expense 19,113

17,061

37,671

34,123
 19,808

18,557
Income tax expense (2,174)
(3,317)
1,759

7,061
 7,178

3,933
Depreciation and amortization 25,493

27,623

52,065

55,928
 24,334

26,572
Asset Impairments 1,591



1,591


EBITDA 72,566
 61,285
Loss on asset disposals, net (1)
 801

1,961

2,038

3,716
 954

1,237
Unrealized loss on foreign exchange (2)
 339
 
 695
 
Unrealized (gain) loss on foreign exchange (2)
 (342) 356
Non-cash stock-based compensation (3)
 163

186

227

336
 1,162

64
Rent expense book to cash (4)
 2,015

1,856

4,188

2,836
 732

2,174
Franchise revenue, net cash received (5)
 322

(254)
742

(344) 698

421
Impact of purchase accounting (6)
 

569



785
Venue pre-opening costs (7)
 2

248

25

488
One-time and unusual items (8)
 702

947

1,467

3,213
Change in deferred amusement revenue (9)
 (5,237)
(676)
(2,006)
4,368
Venue pre-opening costs (6)
 65

23
One-time and unusual items (7)
 300

762
Adjusted EBITDA $34,165
 $40,274
 $103,718
 $123,802
 $76,135
 $66,322
Adjusted EBITDA Margin 15.7% 19.0% 22.0% 26.0% 27.9% 26.0%
____________
(1)Relates primarily to gains or losses upon disposal of property or equipment.
(2)Relates to unrealized gains or losses on the revaluation of our indebtedness with our Canadian subsidiary. Effective January 1, 2018, we no longer consider undistributed income from our Canadian subsidiary to be permanently invested.
(3)Represents non-cash equity-based compensation expense.
(4)Represents (i) the removal of the non-cash portion of rent expense relating to the impact of straight-line rent and the amortization of cash incentives and allowances received from landlords, plus (ii) the actual cash received from landlords incentives and allowances in the period in which it was received.
(5)Represents the actual cash received for franchise fees received in the period for post-acquisition franchise development agreements, which we do not start recognizing into revenue until the franchise venue is opened.
(6)Represents revenue related to unearned gift cards and unearned franchise fees that were removed in purchase accounting, and, therefore, were not recorded as revenue.
(7)Relates to start-up and marketing costs incurred prior to the opening of new Company-owned venues and generally consists of payroll, recruiting, training, supplies and rent incurred prior to venue opening.
(8)(7)Represents non-recurring income and expenses primarily related to (i) legal fees, claims and settlements related to litigation in respect of the Merger;merger in 2014 of CEC Entertainment, Inc. with and into an entity controlled by Apollo Global Management, LLC and its subsidiaries (referred to as the “Merger”); (ii) severance expense and executive termination benefits; (iii) legal claims and settlements related to employee class action lawsuits and settlements; (iv) sales and use tax refunds relating to prior periods; (v) professional fees incurred in connection with one-time strategic corporate and tax initiatives, such as accounting and consulting fees related to incurred to enhance transfer pricing and to implement PlayPass;pricing; (vi) legal fees incurred in connection with certain potential transactions the Company did not pursue; (vii) removing current period property losses and insurance recoveries relating to prior period business interruption losses at certain venues, primarily relating to disaster recoveries, such as natural disasters, fires, floods and property damage; (viii) one-time costs related to the early termination of a supplier contract in connection with the transition to a new supplier; (ix) one-time marketing expenses related to the grand openings of our re-imaged Chuck E. Cheese venues; and (vii)(x) one-time training and travel-related costs incurred in connection with training venue employees in connection with the implementation of our PlayPass initiative that we began in 2016.
(9)Representsand the change in the deferred revenue liability relating to unused game play credits on PlayPass cards through the endre-imaging effort of the periods presented. The deferred revenue liability built up due to the PlayPass implementation as the shiftvenues in the business model from tokens to play credits impacted revenue recognition. Since PlayPass is now fully deployed in all of our domestic Company-operated venues, the liability should fluctuate in proportion to entertainment and merchandise revenue in future periods.Chuck E. Cheese portfolio.


Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements, which involve risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements are generally identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the terms “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intent,” “may,” “plan,” “predict,” “potential,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would” and, in each case, their negative or other various or comparable terminology. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this report, including statements regarding our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenue, projected costs, prospects, plans, objections of management and expected market growth are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are made based on management’s current expectations and beliefs concerning future events and, therefore, involve a number of assumptions, risks and uncertainties, including the risk factors described in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 201730, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 28, 2018.12, 2019. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may differ from those anticipated, estimated or expected. There are a number of important factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements, including, but are not limited to:
our strategy, outlook and growth prospects;
our operational and financial targets and dividend policy;
our planned expansion of the venue base and the implementation of the new design in our existing venues;
general economic trends and trends in the industry and markets; and
the competitive environment in which we operate.
These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our results to vary from expectations include, but are not limited to:
negative publicity and changes in consumer preferences;
our ability to successfully expand and update our current venue base;
our ability to successfully implement our marketing strategy;
our ability to compete effectively in an environment of intense competition;
our ability to weather economic uncertainty and changes in discretionary spending;
increases in food, labor and other operating costs;
the impact of labor scheduling legislation;
our ability to successfully open international franchises and to operate under the United States and foreign anti-corruption laws that govern those international ventures;
risks related to our substantial indebtedness;
failure of our information technology systems to support our current and growing business;
disruptions to our commodity distribution system;
our dependence on third-party vendors to provide us with sufficient quantities of new entertainment-related equipment, prizes and merchandise at acceptable prices;
risks from product liability claims and product recalls;
the impact of governmental laws and regulations and the outcomes of legal proceedings;
potential liability under certain state property laws;
fluctuations in our financial results due to new venue openings;
local conditions, natural disasters, terrorist attacks and other events and public health issues;
the seasonality of our business;
inadequate insurance coverage;
labor shortages and immigration reform;
loss of certain personnel;
our ability to protect our trademarks or other proprietary rights;
our ability to pay our fixed rental payments;
our ability to successfully integrate the operations of companies we acquire;
impairment charges for goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets or other long-lived assets;

our failure to maintain adequate internal controls over our financial and management systems;
risks associated with our proposed business combination and

the related business combination agreement, and following the consummation of the proposed business combination, the increased costs, and the risks, associated with being a reporting company with publicly traded equity; and
other risks, uncertainties and factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017,30, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 28, 2018.12, 2019.
The forward-looking statements made in this report reflect our views with respect to future events as of the date of this report and are based on assumptions and subject to risks and uncertainties. Given these uncertainties, undue reliance should not be placed on these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this report and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or review publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise after the date of this report. We anticipate that subsequent events and developments will cause our views to change. This report should be read completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments we may undertake. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.


ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
We are exposed to various types of market risk in the normal course of business, including the impact of interest rates, commodity price changes and foreign currency fluctuation.
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to market risk from changes in the variable interest rates related to borrowings from our secured credit facilities. All of our borrowings outstanding under the secured credit facilities, $727.7$722.0 million as of July 1, 2018March 31, 2019, accrue interest at variable rates. Assuming the revolving credit facility remains undrawn, each 1% change in assumed interest rates, excluding the impact of our 1% interest rate floor, would result in a $7.3$7.2 million change in annual interest expense on indebtedness under the secured credit facilities.
Commodity Price Risk
We are exposed to commodity price changes related to certain food products that we purchase, primarily related to the prices of cheese and dough, which can vary throughout the year due to changes in supply, demand, and other factors. We have not entered into any hedging arrangements to reduce our exposure to commodity price volatility associated with such commodity prices; however, we typically enter into short-term purchasing contracts, which may contain pricing arrangements designed to minimize the impact of commodity price fluctuations, and derivative instruments such as futures contracts to mitigate our exposure to commodity price fluctuations.
For the three months ended JulyMarch 31, 2019 and April 1, 2018, and July 2, 2017, the average cost of a block of cheese was $1.68 and $1.79,$1.70, respectively. The estimated increase in our food costs from a hypothetical 10% increase in the average cost of a block of cheese would have been $0.2 million and $0.3 million for both the three months ended JulyMarch 31, 2019 and April 1, 2018 and July 2, 2017, respectively. For the six months ended July 1, 2018 and July 2, 2017, the average cost of a block of cheese was $1.69 and $1.74, respectively. The estimated increase in our food costs from a hypothetical 10% increase in the average cost of a block of cheese would have been $0.5 million for the six months ended July 1, 2018 and $0.6 million for the six months ended July 2, 2017, respectively.2018.
For the three months ended JulyMarch 31, 2019 and April 1, 2018, and July 2, 2017, the average cost of dough per pound was $0.47 and $0.45,$0.48, respectively. The estimated increase in our food costs from a hypothetical 10% increase in the average cost of dough per pound would have been $0.1 million for both the three months ended JulyMarch 31, 2019 and April 1, 2018, and July 2, 2017, respectively. For the six months ended July 1, 2018 and July 2, 2017, the average cost of dough per pound was $0.48 and $0.45, respectively. The estimated increase in our food costs from a hypothetical 10% increase in the average cost of dough per pound would have been $0.3 million for both the six months ended July 1, 2018 and July 2, 2017..
Foreign Currency Risk
We are exposed to foreign currency fluctuation risk associated with changes in the value of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar as we operate a total of 11 Company-ownedCompany-operated venues in Canada. For the three and six months ended July 1, 2018,March 31, 2019, our Canadian venues generated operating lossesincome of $0.2$0.6 million, and $0.5 million, respectively, compared to our consolidated operating income of $8.0$48.2 million and $42.7 million, respectively..
Changes in the currency exchange rate result in cumulative translation adjustments and are included in “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and potentially result in transaction gains or losses, which are included in our earnings. The low and high currency exchange rates for a Canadian dollar into a United States dollar for the sixthree months ended July 1, 2018March 31, 2019 were $0.751$0.733 and $0.814,$0.764, respectively. A hypothetical 10% devaluation in the average quoted U.S. dollar-equivalent of the Canadian dollar exchange rate during the three and six months ended July 1, 2018March 31, 2019 would have decreased our reported consolidated operating results by less than $0.1 million for both the three and six months ended July 1, 2018.March 31, 2019.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of July 1, 2018March 31, 2019 to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, was (a) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms; and (b) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the quarterly period covered by this report there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.reporting, other than as set forth below.
In the first quarter, we completed the implementation of a lease administrative and reporting system to increase the efficiency of our existing lease administration and financial reporting process. Internal controls and processes have been designed to address changes in the business applications and financial processes as a result of this implementation.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings.
Refer to Note 14 “Commitments and Contingencies” to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1. “Financial Statements” of this report for a discussion of our legal proceedings.
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors.
WeOther than as set forth below, we believe there have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017,30, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 28, 2018.12, 2019.
We are subject to risks arising from the proposed business combination
On April 7, 2019, Parent and Leo Holdings Corp. (“Leo”), a publicly traded special purpose acquisition company, together with Parent’s controlling stockholder, an entity owned by funds managed by affiliates of Apollo, entered into a Business Combination Agreement (the “Leo Merger Agreement”). Pursuant to the Leo Merger Agreement, following Leo’s domestication as a Delaware corporation, Parent will merge with and into Leo with the result that the Company will become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Leo, which will be renamed Chuck E. Cheese Brands Inc. (the “Business Combination”). Existing shareholders, including the funds managed by affiliates of Apollo, will hold an approximate 51% stake in Chuck E. Cheese Brands Inc. upon completion of the Business Combination.
Consummation of the Business Combination is subject to various conditions, including certain approvals by the shareholders of Leo and the consummation of a concurrent $100 million private placement by Leo of its common stock. There can be no assurance that the Business Combination will be consummated as contemplated or at all. The failure of the Business Combination to be consummated for any reason could negatively impact the reputation of the Company.
In addition, management and employees of the Company are devoting significant time and resources to the completion of the Business Combination.
Upon consummation of the Business Combination, the Company intends to repay all, or substantially all, of the $255 million senior notes.
Following consummation of the Business Combination, the Company will be a wholly-owned subsidiary of a publicly traded company. As a result, the Company, and its Parent, will be subject to increased costs and other risks associated with being a company with publicly traded equity.
Refer to Note 15. “Subsequent Events” to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1. “Financial Statements” of this report for a discussion of our legal proceedings.
ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

NONE.


ITEM 6. Exhibits.
EXHIBIT INDEX
 
Exhibit
Number
 Description
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
101.INS XBRL Instance Document
  
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
  
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
  
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
  
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
  
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
 __________________
*    Filed herewith.
**    Furnished herewith.
    

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
    CEC ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
     
August 10, 2018May 14, 2019 By: /s/ Thomas LevertonJames A. Howell
    Thomas Leverton
Chief Executive Officer and Director
August 10, 2018By:/s/ Dale R. Black
Dale R. BlackJames A. Howell
    Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
    (Principal Financial Officer)
     
May 14, 2019By:/s/ David Rappaport
David Rappaport
Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)

EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
Number
 Description
   
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
101.INS XBRL Instance Document
  
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
  
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
  
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
  
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
  
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
__________________
*    Filed herewith.
**    Furnished herewith.