0000820027 srt:ConsolidatedEntityExcludingVariableInterestEntitiesVIEMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member amp:IndexedAnnuitiesEmbeddedDerivativesMember us-gaap:ValuationTechniqueDiscountedCashFlowMember 2018-12-31CorporateDebtSecuritiesMember 2019-12-31
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2019For the Quarterly Period Ended
March 31, 2020
OR
oOR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period from_______________________to_______________________

For the Transition Period from_______________________to_______________________
Commission File No. 1-32525 
Commission File No.1-32525
AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL INC
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 
AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 13-3180631
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1099 Ameriprise Financial CenterMinneapolisMinnesota55474
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:  (612) 671-3131
Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report:  Not Applicable
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.       Yes x    No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).       Yes xNo o
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:(612)671-3131
Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report:Not Applicable
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading SymbolName of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock (par value $.01 per share)AMPNew York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  YesNo
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  YesNo
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filerx
Accelerated Filero
Non-AcceleratedNon-accelerated Filero

Smaller reporting companyo
Emerging growth companyo
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes oNo x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  YesNo
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Class Outstanding at April 19, 2019May 1, 2020
Common Stock (par value $.01 per share)133,904,298122,337,248 shares
 



AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

FORM 10-Q
INDEX 
Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Consolidated Statements of Operations — Three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — Three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018
Consolidated Balance Sheets — March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018
Consolidated Statements of Equity — Three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Basis of Presentation
2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements
3. Revenue from Contracts with Customers
4. Variable Interest Entities
5. Investments
6. Financing Receivables
7. Deferred Acquisition Costs and Deferred Sales Inducement Costs
8. Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims and Separate Account Liabilities
9. Variable Annuity and Insurance Guarantees
10. Debt
11. Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities
12. Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
13. Derivatives and Hedging Activities
14. Leases
15. Held for Sale Classification
16. Shareholders’ Equity
17. Regulatory Requirements
18. Income Taxes
19. Contingencies
20. Earnings per Share
21. Segment Information
Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 4.  Controls and Procedures
Part II.  Other Information
Item 1.  Legal Proceedings
Item 1A.  Risk Factors
Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Item 6.  Exhibits
Signatures
Part I. Financial Information 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited) 

Consolidated Statements of Operations — Three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — Three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

Consolidated Balance Sheets — March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019

Consolidated Statements of Equity — Three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 1.Basis of Presentation
 2.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 3.Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 4.Revenue from Contracts with Customers
 5.Variable Interest Entities
 6.Investments
 7.Financing Receivables
 8.Deferred Acquisition Costs and Deferred Sales Inducement Costs
 9.Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims and Separate Account Liabilities
 10.Variable Annuity and Insurance Guarantees
 11.Debt
 12.Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities
 13.Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
 14.Derivatives and Hedging Activities
 15.Shareholders’ Equity
 16.Income Taxes
 17.Contingencies
 18.Earnings per Share
 19.Segment Information
Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 4.  Controls and Procedures
  
Part II.  Other Information
Item 1.  Legal Proceedings
Item 1A.  Risk Factors
Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Item 6.  Exhibits
Signatures

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION 
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019 20182020 2019
(in millions, except per share amounts)
Revenues      
Management and financial advice fees$1,627
 $1,669
$1,770
 $1,627
Distribution fees480
 468
464
 480
Net investment income397
 396
328
 397
Premiums371
 343
91
 371
Other revenues278
 308
373
 278
Total revenues3,153
 3,184
3,026
 3,153
Banking and deposit interest expense35
 16
25
 35
Total net revenues3,118
 3,168
3,001
 3,118
Expenses      
Distribution expenses900
 905
995
 900
Interest credited to fixed accounts204
 141
91
 204
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses670
 494
(1,747) 670
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs16
 92
512
 16
Interest and debt expense53
 51
46
 53
General and administrative expense805
 789
753
 805
Total expenses2,648
 2,472
650
 2,648
Pretax income470
 696
2,351
 470
Income tax provision75
 102
315
 75
Net income$395
 $594
$2,036
 $395
      
Earnings per share      
Basic$2.85
 $3.97
$16.11
 $2.85
Diluted$2.82
 $3.91
$15.88
 $2.82
   
Supplemental Disclosures:   
Total other-than-temporary impairment losses on securities$(12) $
Portion of loss recognized in other comprehensive income (before taxes)7
 
Net impairment losses recognized in net investment income$(5) $
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

 Three Months Ended
March 31,
2020 2019
(in millions) 
Net income$2,036
 $395
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:   
Foreign currency translation adjustment(33) 5
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities(524) 322
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives
 (1)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(557) 326
Total comprehensive income$1,479
 $721
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

 March 31,
2020
 December 31,
2019
(in millions, except share amounts)
Assets   
Cash and cash equivalents$8,730
 $3,709
Cash of consolidated investment entities99
 118
Investments (net of allowance for credit losses: 2020, $52; 2019, $24 (1))
36,626
 37,915
Investments of consolidated investment entities, at fair value1,398
 1,606
Separate account assets75,305
 87,488
Receivables (net of allowance for credit losses: 2020, $47; 2019, $39)7,185
 7,202
Receivables of consolidated investment entities, at fair value3
 8
Deferred acquisition costs2,364
 2,698
Restricted and segregated cash, cash equivalents and investments2,848
 2,386
Other assets11,124
 8,698
Total assets$145,682
 $151,828
    
Liabilities and Equity   
Liabilities:   
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims$32,685
 $30,512
Separate account liabilities75,305
 87,488
Customer deposits17,010
 14,430
Short-term borrowings200
 201
Long-term debt2,344
 3,097
Debt of consolidated investment entities, at fair value1,376
 1,628
Accounts payable and accrued expenses1,427
 1,884
Other liabilities8,536
 6,775
Other liabilities of consolidated investment entities, at fair value106
 84
Total liabilities138,989
 146,099
Equity:   
Common shares ($.01 par value; shares authorized, 1,250,000,000; shares issued, 331,142,264 and 329,842,827, respectively)3
 3
Additional paid-in capital8,578
 8,461
Retained earnings16,180
 14,279
Treasury shares, at cost (208,807,377 and 205,903,593 shares, respectively)(17,773) (17,276)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(295) 262
Total equity6,693
 5,729
Total liabilities and equity$145,682
 $151,828
(1) Prior to January 1, 2020, the allowance for credit losses is not applicable to Available-for-Sale securities. See Notes 2, 3, 6 and 7 for more information.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOMEEQUITY (UNAUDITED)
 Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 2018
(in millions) 
Net income$395
 $594
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:   
Foreign currency translation adjustment5
 29
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities322
 (262)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives(1) 
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax326
 (233)
Total comprehensive income$721
 $361
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
 March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
(in millions, except share amounts)
Assets   
Cash and cash equivalents$3,259
 $2,931
Cash of consolidated investment entities (“CIEs”)88
 166
Investments33,463
 35,825
Investments of consolidated investment entities, at fair value1,740
 1,706
Separate account assets83,571
 77,925
Receivables7,434
 6,173
Receivables of consolidated investment entities, at fair value28
 12
Deferred acquisition costs2,757
 2,776
Restricted and segregated cash, cash equivalents and investments2,564
 2,910
Other assets7,472
 6,792
Assets held for sale2,027
 
Total assets$144,403
 $137,216
    
Liabilities and Equity   
Liabilities:   
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims$29,463
 $30,124
Separate account liabilities83,571
 77,925
Customer deposits11,520
 11,545
Short-term borrowings201
 201
Long-term debt3,394
 2,867
Debt of consolidated investment entities, at fair value1,731
 1,743
Accounts payable and accrued expenses1,596
 1,862
Other liabilities5,808
 5,239
Other liabilities of consolidated investment entities, at fair value105
 122
Liabilities held for sale1,171
 
Total liabilities138,560
 131,628
Equity:   
Ameriprise Financial, Inc.:   
Common shares ($.01 par value; shares authorized, 1,250,000,000; shares issued, 328,900,292 and 328,537,214 respectively)3
 3
Additional paid-in capital8,270
 8,260
Retained earnings13,172
 12,909
Treasury shares, at cost (194,716,785 and 192,206,467 shares, respectively)(15,637) (15,293)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax35
 (291)
Total equity5,843
 5,588
Total liabilities and equity$144,403
 $137,216
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 Number of Outstanding Shares Common Shares Additional Paid-In Capital Retained Earnings Treasury
Shares
 
Accumulated Other 
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 Total
(in millions, except per share data)
Balances at January 1, 2019136,330,747
 $3
 $8,260
 $12,909
 $(15,293) $(291) $5,588
Cumulative effect of adoption of premium amortization on purchased callable debt securities guidance
 
 
 (5) 
 
 (5)
Comprehensive income:             
Net income
 
 
 395
 
 
 395
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
 
 
 
 
 326
 326
Total comprehensive income            721
Dividends to shareholders
 
 
 (127) 
 
 (127)
Repurchase of common shares(3,199,907) 
 
 
 (399) 
 (399)
Share-based compensation plans1,052,667
 
 10
 
 55
 
 65
Balances at March 31, 2019134,183,507
 $3
 $8,270
 $13,172
 $(15,637) $35
 $5,843
              
Balances at January 1, 2020123,939,234
 $3
 $8,461
 $14,279
 $(17,276) $262
 $5,729
Cumulative effect of adoption of current expected credit losses guidance
 
 
 (9) 
 
 (9)
Comprehensive income:             
Net income
 
 
 2,036
 
 
 2,036
Other comprehensive income, net of tax
 
 
 
 
 (557) (557)
Total comprehensive income            1,479
Dividends to shareholders
 
 
 (126) 
 
 (126)
Repurchase of common shares(3,382,619) 
 
 
 (537) 
 (537)
Share-based compensation plans1,778,272
 
 117
 
 40
 
 157
Balances at March 31, 2020122,334,887
 $3
 $8,578
 $16,180
 $(17,773) $(295) $6,693

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 


AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
 Number of Outstanding SharesCommon SharesAdditional Paid-In CapitalRetained EarningsTreasury
Shares
Accumulated Other 
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Total
(in millions, except per share data)
Balances at January 1, 2018146,634,664 $3 $8,085 $11,326 $(13,648)$229 $5,995
Cumulative effect of adoption of equity securities guidance   1  (1)
Comprehensive income:       
Net income   594   594
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax     (233)(233)
Total comprehensive income      361
Dividends to shareholders   (125)  (125)
Repurchase of common shares(3,003,729)   (482) (482)
Share-based compensation plans1,387,422  31  60  91
Balances at March 31, 2018145,018,357 $3 $8,116 $11,796 $(14,070)$(5)$5,840
        
Balances at January 1, 2019136,330,747 $3 $8,260 $12,909 $(15,293)$(291)$5,588
Cumulative effect of change in accounting policy   (5)  (5)
Comprehensive income:       
Net income   395   395
Other comprehensive income, net of tax     326 326
Total comprehensive income      721
Dividends to shareholders   (127)  (127)
Repurchase of common shares(3,199,907)   (399) (399)
Share-based compensation plans1,052,667  10  55  65
Balances at March 31, 2019134,183,507 $3 $8,270 $13,172 $(15,637)$35 $5,843
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

  Three Months Ended March 31,
 2019 
2018(1)
 (in millions)
 Cash Flows from Operating Activities   
 Net income$395
 $594
 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:   
 Depreciation, amortization and accretion, net46
 56
 Deferred income tax expense (benefit)(2) 104
 Share-based compensation30
 32
 Net realized investment (gains) losses(10) (6)
 Net trading (gains) losses(4) (3)
 Loss from equity method investments12
 12
 Other-than-temporary impairments and provision for loan losses5
 
 Net (gains) losses of consolidated investment entities4
 1
 Changes in operating assets and liabilities:   
 Restricted and segregated investments(25) 75
 Deferred acquisition costs(55) 13
 Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims, net(201) (325)
 Derivatives, net of collateral316
 29
 Receivables125
 (78)
 Brokerage deposits(264) (207)
 Accounts payable and accrued expenses(177) (373)
 Other operating assets and liabilities of consolidated investment entities, net1
 3
 Other, net(24) (115)
 Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities172
 (188)
     
 Cash Flows from Investing Activities   
 Available-for-Sale securities:   
 Proceeds from sales92
 361
 Maturities, sinking fund payments and calls1,986
 1,195
 Purchases(2,085) (1,456)
 Proceeds from sales, maturities and repayments of mortgage loans64
 75
 Funding of mortgage loans(43) (40)
 Proceeds from sales, maturities and collections of other investments51
 224
 Purchase of other investments(93) (272)
 Purchase of investments by consolidated investment entities(203) (116)
 Proceeds from sales, maturities and repayments of investments by consolidated investment entities132
 130
 Purchase of land, buildings, equipment and software(31) (33)
 Cash paid for written options with deferred premiums(42) (57)
 Cash received from written options with deferred premiums35
 53
 Change in reinsurance deposit, net(345) 
 Other, net1
 3
 Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities$(481) $67
 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
2020 2019
(in millions)
Cash Flows from Operating Activities   
Net income$2,036
 $395
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:   
Depreciation, amortization and accretion, net47
 46
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)1,273
 (2)
Share-based compensation36
 30
Net realized investment (gains) losses(5) (10)
Net trading (gains) losses(3) (4)
Loss from equity method investments19
 12
Impairments and provision for loan losses21
 5
Net (gains) losses of consolidated investment entities6
 4
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:   
Restricted and segregated investments
 (25)
Deferred acquisition costs452
 (55)
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims, net2,634
 (201)
Derivatives, net of collateral(681) 316
Receivables(13) 125
Brokerage deposits378
 (264)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses(432) (177)
Current income tax expense (benefit)(1,081) 33
Other operating assets and liabilities of consolidated investment entities, net(1) 1
Other, net207
 (57)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities4,893
 172
    
Cash Flows from Investing Activities   
Available-for-Sale securities:   
Proceeds from sales633
 92
Maturities, sinking fund payments and calls2,050
 1,986
Purchases(2,529) (2,085)
Proceeds from sales, maturities and repayments of mortgage loans54
 64
Funding of mortgage loans(62) (43)
Proceeds from sales, maturities and collections of other investments77
 51
Purchase of other investments(115) (93)
Purchase of investments by consolidated investment entities(133) (203)
Proceeds from sales, maturities and repayments of investments by consolidated investment entities141
 132
Purchase of land, buildings, equipment and software(29) (31)
Cash paid for written options with deferred premiums(258) (42)
Cash received from written options with deferred premiums95
 35
Cash paid for deposit receivable(1) (345)
Cash received for deposit receivable30
 
Other, net7
 1
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities$(40) $(481)
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

 Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 
2018(1)
(in millions)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities   
Investment certificates:   
Proceeds from additions$1,618
 $1,336
Maturities, withdrawals and cash surrenders(1,377) (1,192)
Policyholder account balances:   
Deposits and other additions585
 444
Net transfers from (to) separate accounts(1) (28)
Surrenders and other benefits(476) (501)
Cash paid for purchased options with deferred premiums(44) (45)
Cash received from purchased options with deferred premiums12
 24
Issuance of long-term debt497
 
Repayments of long-term debt(3) (3)
Dividends paid to shareholders(124) (122)
Repurchase of common shares(385) (425)
Exercise of stock options1
 2
Repayments of debt by consolidated investment entities(12) (52)
Other, net
 (2)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities291
 (564)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash7
 12
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, including amounts restricted and cash balances classified as assets held-for-sale(11) (673)
Less: Net change in cash balances classified as assets held for sale111
 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, including amounts restricted(122) (673)
Cash and cash equivalents, including amounts restricted at beginning of period5,883
 5,144
Cash and cash equivalents, including amounts restricted at end of period$5,761
 $4,471
    
Supplemental Disclosures:   
Interest paid excluding consolidated investment entities$68
 $44
Interest paid by consolidated investment entities14
 21
Income taxes paid, net18
 118
Leased assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities4
 
Non-cash investing activity:   
Investments transferred in connection with reinsurance transaction1,265
 
    
 March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
(in millions)
Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents, including amounts restricted:   
Cash and cash equivalents$3,259
 $2,931
Cash of consolidated investment entities88
 166
Restricted and segregated cash, cash equivalents and investments2,564
 2,910
Less: Restricted and segregated investments(150) (124)
Total cash and cash equivalents including amounts restricted per consolidated statements of cash flows$5,761
 $5,883

(1) Certain prior period amounts have been restated. See Note 1 for more information.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) (Continued)
 
  Three Months Ended
March 31,
 2020 2019
 (in millions)
 Cash Flows from Financing Activities   
 Investment certificates:   
 Proceeds from additions$1,271
 $1,618
 Maturities, withdrawals and cash surrenders(1,449) (1,377)
 Policyholder account balances:   
 Deposits and other additions255
 585
 Net transfers from (to) separate accounts30
 (1)
 Surrenders and other benefits(430) (476)
 Change in banking deposits, net2,372
 
 Cash paid for purchased options with deferred premiums(36) (44)
 Cash received from purchased options with deferred premiums
 12
 Issuance of long-term debt
 497
 Repayments of long-term debt(753) (3)
 Dividends paid to shareholders(122) (124)
 Repurchase of common shares(480) (385)
 Exercise of stock options1
 1
 Repayments of debt by consolidated investment entities(29) (12)
 Other, net(2) 
 Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities628
 291
 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash(17) 7
 Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, including amounts restricted and cash balances classified as assets held-for-sale5,464
 (11)
 Less: Net change in cash balances classified as assets held for sale
 111
 Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, including amounts restricted5,464
 (122)
 Cash and cash equivalents, including amounts restricted, at beginning of period6,213
 5,883
 Cash and cash equivalents, including amounts restricted, at end of period$11,677
 $5,761
     
 Supplemental Disclosures:   
 Interest paid excluding consolidated investment entities$55
 $68
 Interest paid by consolidated investment entities17
 14
 Income taxes paid, net34
 18
 Leased assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities31
 4
 Non-cash investing activity:   
 Partnership commitments not yet remitted2
 
 Investments transferred in connection with reinsurance transaction
 1,265
  
  March 31,
2020
 December 31,
2019
 (in millions)
 
 Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents, including amounts restricted:   
 Cash and cash equivalents$8,730
 $3,709
 Cash of consolidated investment entities99
 118
 Restricted and segregated cash, cash equivalents and investments2,848
 2,386
 Total cash and cash equivalents including amounts restricted per consolidated statements of cash flows$11,677
 $6,213
 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)   
1. Basis of Presentation
Ameriprise Financial, Inc. is a holding company, which primarily conducts business through its subsidiaries to provide financial planning, products and services that are designed to be utilized as solutions for clients’ cash and liquidity, asset accumulation, income, protection and estate and wealth transfer needs. The foreign operations of Ameriprise Financial, Inc. are conducted primarily through Threadneedle Asset Management Holdings Sàrl and Ameriprise Asset Management Holdings GmbH (collectively, “Threadneedle”).
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Ameriprise Financial, Inc., companies in which it directly or indirectly has a controlling financial interest and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which it is the primary beneficiary (collectively, the “Company”). All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
The interim financial information in this report has not been audited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for fair statement of the consolidated results of operations and financial position for the interim periods have been made. All adjustments made were of a normal recurring nature.
In the first quarter of 2020, the Company recorded an out-of-period correction of $19 million to management and financial advice fees related to performance fees. The impact of the correction was not material to the prior period financial statements.
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Certain reclassifications of prior period amounts have been made to conform to the current presentation. Results of operations reported for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year. These Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018,2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 27, 26, 2020 (“2019 (“2018 10-K”).
The Company corrected prior period errors related to the classification of certain changes in other investments in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, cash used in operating activities was overstated by $20 million and cash provided by investing activities was overstated by $20 million. The impact of these corrections was not material to the prior period Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
The Company evaluated events or transactions that may have occurred after the balance sheet date for potential recognition or disclosure through the date the financial statements were issued. On April 2, 2020, the Company issued $500 million of unsecured senior notes due 2025. See Note 11 for more information on the debt issuance. No other subsequent events or transactions were identified. See Note 15 for information on the sale of Ameriprise Auto & Home (“AAH”).
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The Company adopted accounting standard, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, on January 1, 2020. The significant accounting policies for Available-for-Sale Securities, Financing Receivables, and Reinsurance were updated as a result of adopting the new accounting standard. Refer to Note 3 for further details of the adoption.
Available-for-Sale Securities
Available-for-Sale securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains (losses) recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”), net of impacts to deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”), deferred sales inducement costs (“DSIC”), unearned revenue, benefit reserves, reinsurance recoverables and income taxes. Gains and losses are recognized on a trade date basis in the Consolidated Statements of Operations upon disposition of the securities.
Available-for-Sale securities are impaired when the fair value of an investment is less than its amortized cost. When an Available-for-Sale security is impaired, the Company first assesses whether or not: (i) it has the intent to sell the security (made a decision to sell) or (ii) it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery. If either of these conditions exist, the Company recognizes an impairment by reducing the book value of the security for the difference between the investment’s amortized cost and its fair value with a corresponding charge to earnings. Subsequent increases in the fair value of Available-for-Sale securities that occur in periods after a write-down has occurred are recorded as unrealized gains in other comprehensive income (“OCI”), while subsequent decreases in fair value would continue to be recorded as reductions of book value with a charge to earnings.
For securities that do not meet the above criteria, the Company determines whether the decrease in fair value is due to a credit loss or due to other factors. The amount of impairment due to credit-related factors, if any, is recognized as an allowance for credit losses with a related charge to net investment income. The allowance for credit losses is limited to the amount by which the security’s amortized cost basis exceeds its fair value. The amount of the impairment related to other factors is recognized in OCI. Factors the Company considers in determining whether declines in the fair value of fixed maturity securities are due to credit-related factors include: (i) the extent to which the market value is below amortized cost; (ii) fundamental analysis of the liquidity, business prospects and overall financial condition of the issuer; and (iii) market events that could impact credit ratings, economic and business climate, litigation and government actions, and similar external business factors.
If through subsequent evaluation there is a sustained increase in cash flows expected, both the allowance and related charge to earnings may be reversed to reflect the increase in expected principal and interest payments. However, for Available-for-Sale securities that recognized an impairment prior to January 1, 2020 by reducing the book value of the security, the difference between the new amortized cost basis and the improved cash flows expected to be collected is accreted as interest income.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


In order to determine the amount of the credit loss component for corporate debt securities, a best estimate of the present value of cash flows expected to be collected discounted at the security’s effective interest rate is compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. The significant inputs to cash flow projections consider potential debt restructuring terms, projected cash flows available to pay creditors and the Company’s position in the debtor’s overall capital structure. When assessing potential credit-related impairments for structured investments (e.g., residential mortgage backed securities, commercial mortgage backed securities, asset backed securities and other structured investments), the Company also considers credit-related factors such as overall deal structure and its position within the structure, quality of underlying collateral, delinquencies and defaults, loss severities, recoveries, prepayments and cumulative loss projections.
Management has elected to exclude accrued interest in its measurement of the allowance for credit losses for Available-for-Sale securities. Accrued interest on Available-for-sale securities is recorded as earned in receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Available-for-Sale securities are placed on nonaccrual status when the accrued balance becomes 90 days past due or earlier based on management’s evaluation of the facts and circumstances of each security under review. At this time all previously accrued interest is reversed through net investment income.
Financing Receivables
Financing receivables are comprised of commercial loans, consumer loans, and deposit receivables.
Commercial Loans
Commercial loans include commercial mortgage loans, syndicated loans, and advisor loans and are recorded at amortized cost less the allowance for loan losses. Commercial mortgage loans and syndicated loans are recorded within investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Advisor loans are recorded within receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Commercial mortgage loans are loans on commercial properties that are originated by the Company. Syndicated loans represent the Company’s investment in loan syndications originated by unrelated third parties. The Company offers loans to financial advisors primarily for recruiting, transitional cost assistance and retention purposes. These advisor loans are generally repaid over a five- to ten-year period. If the financial advisor is no longer affiliated with the Company, any unpaid balance of such loan becomes immediately due.
Interest income is accrued as earned on the unpaid principal balances of the loans. Interest income recognized on commercial mortgage loans and syndicated loans is recorded in net investment income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Interest income recognized on advisor loans is recorded in other revenues on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Consumer Loans
Consumer loans consist of credit card receivables, policy loans, and brokerage margin loans and are recorded at amortized cost less the allowance for loan losses. Credit card receivables and policy loans are recorded within investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Brokerage margin loans are recorded within receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Credit card receivables are related to Ameriprise-branded credit cards issued to the Company’s customers by a third party. When originated, policy loan balances do not exceed the cash surrender value of the underlying products. As there is minimal risk of loss related to policy loans, the Company does not record an allowance for loan losses. The Company’s broker dealer subsidiaries enter into lending arrangements with clients through the normal course of business, which are primarily based on customer margin levels.
Interest income is accrued as earned on the unpaid principal balances of the loans. Interest income recognized on consumer loans is recorded in net investment income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Deposit Receivable
For each of its reinsurance agreements, the Company determines whether the agreement provides indemnification against loss or liability related to insurance risk in accordance with applicable accounting standards. If the Company determines that a reinsurance agreement does not expose the reinsurer to a reasonable possibility of a significant loss from insurance risk, the Company records the agreement using the deposit method of accounting. Reinsurance deposits made are included in receivables. As amounts are received, consistent with the underlying contracts, the deposit receivable is adjusted. The deposit receivable is accreted using the interest method and the accretion is reported in other revenues.
See Note 7 for additional information on financing receivables.
Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to present the net amount expected to be collected over the asset’s expected life, considering past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. Prior to January 1, 2020, the allowance for credit losses was based on an incurred loss model that did not require estimating expected credit losses over the expected life of the asset. Estimates of expected credit losses consider both historical charge-off and recovery experience as well as management’s expectation of future charge-off and recovery levels. Expected losses related to risks other than credit risk are excluded from the allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is measured and recorded upon initial recognition of the loan, regardless of whether it is originated or purchased. The methods and information used to develop the allowance for credit losses for each class of financing receivable are discussed below.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


Commercial Loans
The allowance for credit losses for commercial mortgage loans and syndicated loans utilizes a probability of default and loss severity approach to estimate lifetime expected credit losses. Actual historical default and loss severity data for each type of commercial loan is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions to develop the probability of default and loss severity assumptions that are applied to the amortized cost basis of the loans over the expected life of each portfolio. The allowance for credit losses on commercial mortgage loans and syndicated loans is recorded through provisions charged to net investment income and is reduced/increased by net charge-offs/recoveries.
Management determines the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses based on the overall loan portfolio composition, recent and historical loss experience, and other pertinent factors, including when applicable, internal risk ratings, loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios and occupancy rates, along with reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic and market conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates, which may be susceptible to significant change. While the Company may attribute portions of the allowance to specific loan pools as part of the allowance estimation process, the entire allowance is available to absorb losses expected over the life of the loan portfolio.
When determining the allowance for credit losses for advisor loans, the Company considers its actual historical collection experience and advisor termination experience as well as other factors including amounts due at termination, the reasons for the terminated relationship, length of time since termination, and the former financial advisor’s overall financial position. Management uses its best estimate of future termination and collection rates to estimate expected credit losses over the expected life of the loans. The allowance for credit losses on advisor loans is recorded in distribution expenses.
Consumer Loans
The allowance for loan losses for credit card receivables is based on a model that projects the Company’s receivable exposure over the expected life of the loans using cohorts based on the age of the receivable, geographic location, and credit scores. The model utilizes industry data to derive probability of default and loss given default assumptions, adjusted for current and future economic conditions. Management evaluates actual historical charge-off experience and monitors risk factors including FICO scores and past-due status within the credit card portfolio to ensure the allowance for loan losses based on industry data appropriately reserves for risks specific to the Company’s portfolio. The allowance for credit losses for credit card receivables is recorded in net investment income.
The Company monitors the market value of collateral supporting the margin loans and requests additional collateral when necessary in order to mitigate the risk of loss. Due to these ongoing monitoring procedures, the allowance for credit losses is only measured for the margin loan balances that are uncollateralized at the balance sheet date.
Policy loans do not exceed the cash surrender value at origination. As there is minimal risk of loss related to policy loans, the Company does not record an allowance for credit losses.
Deposit receivable
The allowance for credit losses is calculated on an individual reinsurer basis. The deposit receivable is collateralized by an underlying trust arrangement. Management evaluates the terms of the reinsurance and trust agreements, the nature of the underlying assets, and the potential for changes in the collateral value when considering the need for an allowance for credit losses.
Nonaccrual Loans
Commercial mortgage loans and syndicated loans are placed on nonaccrual status when either the collection of interest or principal has become 90 days past due or is otherwise considered doubtful of collection. Advisor loans are placed on nonaccrual status upon the advisor’s termination. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest payments received on loans on nonaccrual status are generally applied to principal unless the remaining principal balance has been determined to be fully collectible. Management has elected to exclude accrued interest in its measurement of the allowance for credit losses for commercial mortgage loans, syndicated loans, and consumer loans.
Restructured Loans
A loan is classified as a restructured loan when the Company makes certain concessionary modifications to contractual terms for borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. When the interest rate, minimum payments, and/or due dates have been modified in an attempt to make the loan more affordable to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties, the modification is considered a troubled debt restructuring. Generally, performance prior to the restructuring or significant events that coincide with the restructuring are considered in assessing whether the borrower can meet the new terms which may result in the loan being returned to accrual status at the time of the restructuring or after a performance period. If the borrower’s ability to meet the revised payment schedule is not reasonably assured, the loan remains on nonaccrual status.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


Charge-off and Foreclosure
Commercial Loans
Charge-offs are recorded when the Company concludes that all or a portion of the commercial mortgage loan or syndicated loan is uncollectible. Factors used by the Company to determine whether all amounts due on commercial mortgage loans will be collected, include but are not limited to, the financial condition of the borrower, performance of the underlying properties, collateral and/or guarantees on the loan, and the borrower’s estimated future ability to pay based on property type and geographic location. Factors used by the Company to determine whether all amounts due on syndicated loans will be collected, include but are not limited to the borrower’s financial condition, industry outlook, and internal risk ratings based on rating agency data and internal analyst expectations.
If it is determined that foreclosure on a commercial mortgage loan is probable and the fair value is less than the current loan balance, expected credit losses are measured as the difference between the amortized cost basis of the asset and fair value less estimated selling costs. Upon foreclosure, the commercial mortgage loan and related allowance are reversed, and the foreclosed property is recorded as real estate owned in other assets.
Concerns regarding the recoverability of loans to advisors primarily arise in the event that the financial advisor is no longer affiliated with the Company. When the review of these factors indicates that further collection activity is highly unlikely, the outstanding balance of the loan is written-off and the related allowance is reduced.
Consumer Loans
Credit card receivables are not placed on nonaccrual status at 90 days past due, however, are fully charged off upon reaching 180 days past due.
Reinsurance
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims recoverable under reinsurance contracts are recorded within receivables, net of the allowance for credit losses. The Company evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers prior to entering into new reinsurance contracts and on a periodic basis during the contract term. The allowance for credit losses related to reinsurance recoverable is based on applying observable industry data including insurer ratings, default and loss severity data to the Company’s reinsurance recoverable balances. Management evaluates the results of the calculation and considers differences between the industry data and the Company’s data. Such differences include the fact the Company has no actual history of losses and the fact that industry data may contain non-life insurers. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates, which may be susceptible to significant change given the long-term nature of these receivables. In addition, the Company has a reinsurance protection agreement that provides credit protections for its reinsured long term care business. The allowance for credit losses on reinsurance recoverable is recorded through provisions charged to benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
3.  Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Adoption of New Accounting Standards
Fair Value Measurement - Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement
In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) updated the accounting standards related to disclosures for fair value measurements. The update eliminates the following disclosures: 1) the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, 2) the policy of timing of transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy, and 3) the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. The new disclosures include changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in OCI for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements of instruments held at the end of the reporting period and the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs and how the weighted average was calculated. The new disclosures are required on a prospective basis; all other provisions should be applied retrospectively. The update is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for the entire standard or only the provisions to eliminate or modify disclosure requirements. The Company early adopted the provisions of the standard to eliminate or modify disclosure requirements in the fourth quarter of 2018. The Company adopted the provisions of the standard to include new disclosures on January 1, 2020. The update does not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial condition. See Note 12 for additional disclosures on fair value measurements.
Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software – Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract
In August 2018, the FASB updated the accounting standards related to customer’s accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement (“CCA”) that is a service contract. The update requires implementation costs for a CCA to be evaluated for capitalization using the same approach as implementation costs associated with internal-use software. The update also addresses presentation, measurement and impairment of capitalized implementation costs in a CCA that is a service contract. The update requires new disclosures on the nature of hosting arrangements that are service contracts, significant judgements made when applying the guidance and quantitative disclosures, including amounts capitalized, amortized and impaired. The update is effective for interim

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and can be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company adopted the standard using a prospective approach on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment
In January 2017, the FASB updated the accounting standards to simplify the accounting for goodwill impairment. The update removes the hypothetical purchase price allocation (Step 2) of the goodwill impairment test. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and should be applied prospectively with early adoption permitted for any impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
Financial Instruments – Credit Losses – Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
In June 2016, the FASB updated the accounting standards related to accounting for credit losses on certain types of financial instruments. The update replaces the current incurred loss model for estimating credit losses with a new model that requires an entity to estimate the credit losses expected over the life of the asset. At adoption, the initial estimate of the expected credit losses will be recorded through retained earnings and subsequent changes in the estimate will be reported in current period earnings and recorded through an allowance for credit losses on the balance sheet. The credit loss model for Available-for-Sale debt securities did not change; however, the credit loss calculation and subsequent recoveries are required to be recorded through an allowance. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. A modified retrospective cumulative adjustment to retained earnings should be recorded as of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective for loans, receivables, and other financial instruments subject to the new expected credit loss model. Prospective adoption is required for establishing an allowance related to Available-for-Sale debt securities, certain beneficial interests, and financial assets purchased with a more-than-insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
Leases – Recognition of Lease Assets and Liabilities on Balance Sheet
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”)FASB updated the accounting standards for leases. The update was issued to increase transparency and comparability for the accounting of lease transactions. The standard requires most lease transactions for lessees to be recorded on the balance sheet as lease assets and lease liabilities and both quantitative and qualitative disclosures about leasing arrangements. The standard was effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Entities had the option to adopt the standard using a modified retrospective approach at either the beginning of the earliest period presented or as of the date of adoption. The Company adopted the standard using a modified retrospective approach as of January 1, 2019. The Company also elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the accounting standard that allows entities to carryforward their historical lease classification and to not reassess contracts for embedded leases among other things. The Company recorded a right-of-use asset of $274 million and a corresponding lease liability of $295 million substantially related to real estate leases. The amount the lease liability exceeds the right-of-use asset primarily reflects lease incentives recorded as a reduction of the right-of-use asset that were previously recorded as a liability. The adoption of the standard did not have other material impacts on the Company’s consolidated results of operations andor financial condition. See Note 14 for new disclosures on leases.
Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
In February 2018, the FASB updated the accounting standards related to the presentation of tax effects stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”).AOCI. The update allows a reclassification from AOCI to retained earnings for tax effects stranded in AOCI resulting from the legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”). The election of the update was optional. The update was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Entities could record the impacts either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Act is recognized. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2019 and elected not to reclassify the stranded tax effects in AOCI.
Derivatives and Hedging – Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities
In August 2017, the FASB updated the accounting standards to amend the hedge accounting recognition and presentation requirements. The objectives of the update are to better align the financial reporting of hedging relationships to the economic results of

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


an entity’s risk management activities and simplify the application of the hedge accounting guidance. The update also adds new disclosures and amends existing disclosure requirements. The standard was effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and was required to be applied on a modified retrospective basis. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2019. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations andor financial condition.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs – Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities
In March 2017, the FASB updated the accounting standards to shorten the amortization period for certain purchased callable debt securities held at a premium. Under previous guidance, premiums were generally amortized over the contractual life of the security. The amendments require the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date. The update applies to securities with explicit, non-contingent call features that are callable at fixed prices and on preset dates. The standard was effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and was required to be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2019. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
Fair Value MeasurementFuture Adoption of New Accounting Standards
Reference Rate ReformDisclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure RequirementsExpedients for Fair Value MeasurementContract Modifications
In August 2018, March 2020, the FASB updated the accounting standards to provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging or other transactions that are affected by reference rate reform (i.e., the elimination of LIBOR). The following expedients are provided for modified contracts whose reference rate is changed: 1) receivables and debt contracts are accounted for prospectively by adjusting the effective interest rate, 2) leases are accounted for as a continuation of the existing contracts with no reassessments of the lease classification and discount rate or remeasurements of lease payments that otherwise would be required, and 3) an entity is not required to reassess its original conclusion about whether that contract contains an embedded derivative that is clearly and closely related to disclosuresthe economic characteristics and risks of the host contract. When elected, the optional expedients for fair value measurements.contract modifications must be applied consistently for all eligible contracts or eligible transactions. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of electing to adopt the standard on its consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
Income Taxes – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes
In December 2019, the FASB updated the accounting standards to simplify the accounting for income taxes. The update eliminates the following disclosures: 1) the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2certain exceptions to accounting principles related to intraperiod tax allocation (prospective basis), deferred tax liabilities related to outside basis differences (modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the fair value hierarchy, 2) the policy of timing of transfers between levelsbeginning of the fair value hierarchy,period of adoption) and 3)year-to-date losses in interim periods (prospective basis). The update also amends existing guidance related to situations when an entity receives a step-up in the valuation processestax basis of goodwill (prospective basis), allocation of income tax expense when members of a consolidated tax filing group issue separate financial statements (retrospective basis for Level 3 fair value measurements. The new disclosures includeall periods presented), interim recognition of enactment of tax laws or rate changes in unrealized gains(prospective basis) and lossesfranchise taxes and other taxes partially based on income (retrospective basis for all periods presented or a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period included in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements of instruments held at the end of the reporting period and the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs and how the weighted average was calculated.adoption). The new disclosures are required on a prospective basis; all other provisions should be applied retrospectively. The updatestandard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early2020, with early adoption permitted. The method of adoption is permitted for the entire standard or only the provisions to eliminate or modify disclosure requirements.noted parenthetically after each amendment above. The Company early adoptedis currently evaluating the provisionsimpact of the standard to eliminate or modify disclosure requirements in the fourth quarter of 2018. The update does not have an impact on the Company’sits consolidated results of operations orand financial condition.
Financial Instruments – Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
In January 2016, the FASB updated the accounting standards on the recognition and measurement of financial instruments. The update requires entities to carry marketable equity securities, excluding investments in securities that qualify for the equity method of accounting, at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in net income each reporting period. The update affects other aspects of accounting for equity instruments, as well as the accounting for financial liabilities utilizing the fair value option. The update eliminates the requirement to disclose the methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of financial assets or liabilities held at cost on the balance sheet and requires entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of these financial instruments. The standard was effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2018 using a modified retrospective approach. The adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
Future Adoption of New Accounting Standards
Financial Services – Insurance – Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts
In August 2018, the FASB updated the accounting standard related to long-duration insurance contracts. The guidance revises key elements of the measurement models and disclosure requirements for long-duration insurance contracts issued by insurers and reinsurers.
The guidance establishes a significant new category of benefit features called market risk benefits that protect the contract holdercontractholder from other-than-nominal capital market risk and expose the insurer to that risk. Insurers will have to measure market risk benefits at fair value. Market risk benefits include variable annuity guaranteed benefits (i.e. guaranteed minimum death, withdrawal, withdrawal for life, accumulation and income benefits). The portion of the change in fair value attributable to a change in the instrument-specific credit risk of market risk benefits in a liability position will be recorded in OCI.
Significant changes also relate to the measurement of the liability for future policy benefits for nonparticipating traditional long-duration insurance contracts and immediate annuities with a life contingent feature include the following:
Insurers will be required to review and update the cash flow assumptions used to measure the liability for future policy benefits rather than using assumptions locked in at contract inception. The review of assumptions to measure the liability for all future policy benefits will be required annually at the same time each year, or more frequently if suggested by experience. The effect of updating assumptions will be measured on a retrospective catch-up basis and presented separate from the ongoing policyholder benefit expense in the statement of operations in the period the update is made. This new unlocking process will be required for the Company’s term and whole life insurance, disability income, long term care insurance and immediate annuities with a life contingent feature.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


The discount rate used to measure the liability for future policy benefits will be standardized. The current requirement to use a discount rate reflecting expected investment yields will change to an upper-medium grade (low credit risk) fixed income corporate instrument yield (generally interpreted as an “A” rating) reflecting the duration characteristics of the liability. Entities will be required to update the discount rate at each reporting date with the effect of discount rate changes reflected in OCI.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


The current premium deficiency test is being replaced with a net premium ratio cap of 100%. If the net premium ratio (i.e. the ratio of the present value of total expected benefits and related expenses to the present value of total expected premiums) exceeds 100%, insurers are required to recognize a loss in the statement of operations in the period. Contracts from different issue years will no longer be permitted to be grouped to determine contracts in a loss position.
In addition, the update requires deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”)DAC and deferred sales inducement costs (“DSIC”)DSIC relating to all long-duration contracts and most investment contracts to be amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected life of the contract independent of profit emergence. Under the new guidance, interest will not accrue to the deferred balance and DAC and DSIC will not be subject to an impairment test.
The update requires significant additional disclosures, including disaggregated rollforwards of the liability for future policy benefits, policyholder account balances, market risk benefits, DAC and DSIC, as well as qualitative and quantitative information about expected cash flows, estimates and assumptions. The update is currently effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020.2021. The standard should be applied to the liability for future policy benefits and DAC and DSIC on a modified retrospective basis and applied to market risk benefits on a retrospective basis with the option to apply full retrospective transition if certain criteria are met. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the standard on its consolidated results of operations, financial condition and disclosures.
Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software – Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract
In August 2018, the FASB updated the accounting standards related to customer’s accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement (“CCA”) that is a service contract. The update requires implementation costs for a CCA to be evaluated for capitalization using the same approach as implementation costs associated with internal-use software. The update also addresses presentation, measurement and impairment of capitalized implementation costs in a CCA that is a service contract. The update requires new disclosures on the nature of hosting arrangements that are service contracts, significant judgements made when applying the guidance and quantitative disclosures, including amounts capitalized, amortized and impaired. The update is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and can be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The update is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment
In January 2017, the FASB updated the accounting standards to simplify the accounting for goodwill impairment. The update removes the hypothetical purchase price allocation (Step 2) of the goodwill impairment test. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and should be applied prospectively with early adoption permitted for any impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The update is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
Financial Instruments – Credit Losses – Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
In June 2016, the FASB updated the accounting standards related to accounting for credit losses on certain types of financial instruments. The update replaces the current incurred loss model for estimating credit losses with a new model that requires an entity to estimate the credit losses expected over the life of the asset. Generally, the initial estimate of the expected credit losses and subsequent changes in the estimate will be reported in current period earnings and recorded through an allowance for credit losses on the balance sheet. The current credit loss model for Available-for-Sale debt securities does not change; however, the credit loss calculation and subsequent recoveries are required to be recorded through an allowance. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption will be permitted for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. A modified retrospective cumulative adjustment to retained earnings should be recorded as of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective for loans, receivables, and other financial instruments subject to the new expected credit loss model. Prospective adoption is required for establishing an allowance related to Available-for-Sale debt securities, certain beneficial interests, and financial assets purchased with a more-than-insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the standard on its consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


3. 4. Revenue from Contracts with Customers
The following tables present revenue disaggregated by segment on an adjusted operating basis with a reconciliation of segment revenues to those reported on the Consolidated Statements of Operations:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Advice & Wealth Management Asset Management Annuities Protection 
Corporate
&
Other
 Total Segments Non-operating Revenue TotalAdvice & Wealth Management Asset Management Annuities Protection 
Corporate
&
Other
 Total Segments Non-operating Revenue Total
(in millions)
Management and financial advice fees:               Management and financial advice fees:              
Asset management fees:                              
Retail$
 $429
 $
 $
 $
 $429
 $
 $429
$
 $447
 $
 $
 $
 $447
 $
 $447
Institutional
 104
 
 
 
 104
 
 104

 85
 
 
 
 85
 
 85
Advisory fees725
 
 
 
 
 725
 
 725
854
 
 
 
 
 854
 
 854
Financial planning fees69
 
 
 
 
 69
 
 69
81
 
 
 
 
 81
 
 81
Transaction and other fees84
 46
 13
 2
 
 145
 
 145
89
 47
 13
 2
 
 151
 
 151
Total management and financial advice fees878
 579
 13
 2
 
 1,472
 
 1,472
1,024
 579
 13
 2
 
 1,618
 
 1,618
                              
Distribution fees:                              
Mutual funds171
 57
 
 
 
 228
 
 228
184
 60
 
 
 
 244
 
 244
Insurance and annuity205
 41
 79
 7
 2
 334
 
 334
208
 43
 79
 7
 
 337
 
 337
Other products185
 
 
 
 
 185
 
 185
156
 
 
 
 
 156
 
 156
Total distribution fees561
 98
 79
 7
 2
 747
 
 747
548
 103
 79
 7
 
 737
 
 737
                              
Other revenues45
 1
 2
 
 
 48
 
 48
47
 1
 
 
 3
 51
 
 51
Total revenue from contracts with customers1,484
 678
 94
 9
 2
 2,267
 
 2,267
1,619
 683
 92
 9
 3
 2,406
 
 2,406
                              
Revenue from other sources (1)
105
 11
 510
 253
 342
 1,221
 3
 1,224
101
 3
 497
 248
 60
 909
 52
 961
Total segment gross revenues1,589
 689
 604
 262
 344
 3,488
 3
 3,491
1,720
 686
 589
 257
 63
 3,315
 52
 3,367
Less: Banking and deposit interest expense35
 
 
 
 2
 37
 
 37
25
 
 
 
 1
 26
 
 26
Total segment net revenues1,554
 689
 604
 262
 342
 3,451
 3
 3,454
1,695
 686
 589
 257
 62
 3,289
 52
 3,341
Less: Intersegment revenues219
 13
 88
 15
 (2) 333
 3
 336
222
 13
 90
 14
 (1) 338
 2
 340
Total net revenues$1,335
 $676
 $516
 $247
 $344
 $3,118
 $
 $3,118
$1,473
 $673
 $499
 $243
 $63
 $2,951
 $50
 $3,001

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


Three Months Ended March 31, 2018Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Advice & Wealth Management Asset Management Annuities Protection 
Corporate
&
Other
 Total Segments Non-operating Revenue TotalAdvice & Wealth Management Asset Management Annuities Protection 
Corporate
&
Other
 Total Segments Non-operating Revenue Total
(in millions)
Management and financial advice fees:Management and financial advice fees:              Management and financial advice fees:              
Asset management fees:                              
Retail$
 $480
 $
 $
 $
 $480
 $
 $480
$
 $429
 $
 $
 $
 $429
 $
 $429
Institutional
 111
 
 
 
 111
 
 111

 104
 
 
 
 104
 
 104
Advisory fees691
 
 
 
 
 691
 
 691
725
 
 
 
 
 725
 
 725
Financial planning fees68
 
 
 
 
 68
 
 68
69
 
 
 
 
 69
 
 69
Transaction and other fees89
 48
 14
 1
 1
 153
 
 153
84
 46
 13
 2
 
 145
 
 145
Total management and financial advice fees848
 639
 14
 1
 1
 1,503
 
 1,503
878
 579
 13
 2
 
 1,472
 
 1,472
                              
Distribution fees:                              
Mutual funds190
 69
 
 
 
 259
 
 259
171
 57
 
 
 
 228
 
 228
Insurance and annuity222
 45
 84
 7
 1
 359
 
 359
205
 41
 79
 7
 2
 334
 
 334
Other products145
 
 
 
 
 145
 
 145
185
 
 
 
 
 185
 
 185
Total distribution fees557
 114
 84
 7
 1
 763
 
 763
561
 98
 79
 7
 2
 747
 
 747
                              
Other revenues41
 1
 
 
 
 42
 
 42
45
 1
 2
 
 
 48
 
 48
Total revenue from contracts with customers1,446
 754
 98
 8
 2
 2,308
 
 2,308
1,484
 678
 94
 9
 2
 2,267
 
 2,267
                              
Revenue from other sources (1)
71
 24
 515
 245
 322
 1,177
 61
 1,238
105
 11
 510
 253
 342
 1,221
 3
 1,224
Total segment gross revenues1,517
 778
 613
 253
 324
 3,485
 61
 3,546
1,589
 689
 604
 262
 344
 3,488
 3
 3,491
Less: Banking and deposit interest expense16
 
 
 
 1
 17
 
 17
35
 
 
 
 2
 37
 
 37
Total segment net revenues1,501
 778
 613
 253
 323
 3,468
 61
 3,529
1,554
 689
 604
 262
 342
 3,451
 3
 3,454
Less: Intersegment revenues240
 12
 90
 16
 (1) 357
 4
 361
219
 13
 88
 15
 (2) 333
 3
 336
Total net revenues$1,261
 $766
 $523
 $237
 $324
 $3,111
 $57
 $3,168
$1,335
 $676
 $516
 $247
 $344
 $3,118
 $
 $3,118
(1) Revenues not included in the scope of the revenue from contracts with customers standard. The amounts primarily consist of revenue associated with insurance and annuity products or financial instruments.

Prior period revenues for the Protection and Corporate segments in the table above have been restated to reflect the transfer of Ameriprise Auto & Home (“AAH”) results to the Corporate segment in the first quarter of 2019. See Note 15 for additional information on the sale of AAH.
The following discussion describes the nature, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows arising from the Company’s contracts with customers on a consolidated basis.
Management and Financial Advice Fees
Asset Management Fees
The Company earns revenue for performing asset management services for retail and institutional clients. The revenue is earned based on a fixed or tiered rate applied, as a percentage, to assets under management. Assets under management vary with market fluctuations and client behavior. The asset management performance obligation is considered a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and are satisfied each day over the contract term. Asset management fees are accrued, invoiced and collected on a monthly or quarterly basis.
The Company’s asset management contracts for Open Ended Investment Companies (“OEICs”) and unit trusts in the UK and Société d'Investissement à Capital Variable (“SICAVs”) in Europe include performance obligations for asset management and fund distribution services. The amounts received for these services are reported as management and financial advice fees. The revenue recognition pattern is the same for both performance obligations as the fund distribution services revenue is variably constrained due

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


to factors outside the Company’s control including market volatility and client behavior (such as how long clients hold their investment) and not recognized until assets under management are known.
The Company may also earn performance-based management fees on institutional accounts, hedge funds, collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), OEICs, SICAVs and property and other funds based on a percentage of account returns in excess of either a

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


benchmark index or a contractually specified level. This revenue is variable and impacted primarily by the performance of the assets being managed compared to the benchmark index or contractually specified level. The revenue is not recognized until it is probable that a significant reversal will not occur. Performance-based management fees are invoiced on a quarterly or annual basis.
Advisory Fees
The Company earns revenue for performing investment advisory services for certain brokerage customer’s discretionary and non-discretionary managed accounts. The revenue is earned based on a contractual fixed rate applied, as a percentage, to the market value of assets held in the account. The investment advisory performance obligation is considered a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and are satisfied each day over the contract term. Advisory fees are accrued daily and invoiced or chargedbilled on a monthly or quarterly basis.basis on the prior month end assets.
Financial Planning Fees
The Company earns revenue for providing financial plans to its clients. The revenue earned for each financial plan is either a fixed fee (received monthly, quarterly or annually) or a variable fee (received monthly or quarterly)monthly) based on a contractual fixed rate applied, as a percentage, to the prior month end assets held in a client’s investment advisory account. The financial planning fee is based on the complexity of a client’s financial and life situation and his or her advisor’s experience. The performance obligation is satisfied at the time the financial plan is delivered to the customer. The Company records a contract liability for the unearned revenue when cash is received before the plan is delivered. The financial plan contracts with clients are annual contracts. Amounts recorded as a contract liability are recognized as revenue when the financial plan is delivered, which occurs within the annual contract period.
For fixed fee arrangements, revenue is recognized when the financial plan is delivered. The Company accrues revenue for any amounts that have not been received at the time the financial plan is delivered.
For variable fee arrangements, revenue is recognized for cash that has been received when the financial plan is delivered. The amount received after the plan is delivered is variably constrained due to factors outside the Company’s control including market volatility and client behavior. The revenue is recognized when it is probable that a significant reversal will not occur that is generally each month or quarter end as the advisory account balance uncertainty is resolved.
Contract liabilities for financial planning fees, which are included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, were $136$140 million and $138$143 million as of March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018,2019, respectively.
The Company pays sales commissions to advisors when a new financial planning contract is obtained or when an existing contract is renewed. The sales commissions paid to the advisors prior to financial plan delivery are considered costs to obtain a contract with a customer and are initially capitalized. When the performance obligation to deliver the financial plan is satisfied, the commission is recognized as distribution expense. Capitalized costs to obtain these contracts are reported in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and were $110$112 million and $112$116 million as of March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018,2019, respectively.
Transaction and Other Fees
The Company earns revenue for providing customer support, shareholder and administrative services (including transfer agent services) for affiliated mutual funds and networking, sub-accounting and administrative services for unaffiliated mutual funds. The Company also receives revenue for providing custodial services and account maintenance services on brokerage and retirement accounts that are not included in an advisory relationship. Transfer agent and administrative revenue is earned based on either a fixed rate applied, as a percentage, to assets under management or an annual fixed fee for each fund position. Networking and sub-accounting revenue is earned based on either an annual fixed fee for each account or an annual fixed fee for each fund position. Custodial and account maintenance revenue is generally earned based on a quarterly or annual fixed fee for each account. Each of the customer support and administrative services performance obligations are considered a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and are satisfied each day over the contract term. Transaction and other fees (other than custodial service fees) are invoiced or charged to brokerage accounts on a monthly or quarterly basis. Custodial service fees are invoiced or charged to brokerage accounts on an annual basis. Contract liabilities for custodial service fees, which are included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, were $47$44 million and nil as of March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018,2019, respectively.
The Company earns revenue for providing trade execution services to franchise advisors. The trade execution performance obligation is satisfied at the time of each trade and the revenue is primarily earned based on a fixed fee per trade. These fees are invoiced and collected on a semi-monthly basis.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


Distribution Fees
Mutual Funds and Insurance and Annuity Products
The Company earns revenue for selling affiliated and unaffiliated mutual funds, fixed and variable annuities and insurance products. The performance obligation is satisfied at the time of each individual sale. A portion of the revenue is based on a fixed rate applied, as a percentage, to amounts invested at the time of sale. The remaining revenue is recognized over the time the client owns the investment or holds the contract and is generally earned based on a fixed rate applied, as a percentage, to the net asset value of the fund, or the value of the insurance policy or annuity contract. The ongoing revenue is not recognized at the time of sale because it is variably constrained due to factors outside the Company’s control including market volatility and client behavior (such as how long

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


clients hold their investment, insurance policy or annuity contract). This ongoing revenue may be recognized for many years after the initial sale. The revenue will not be recognized until it is probable that a significant reversal will not occur.
The Company earns revenue for providing unaffiliated partners an opportunity to educate the Company’s advisors or to support availability and distribution of their products on the Company’s platforms. These payments allow the outside parties to train and support the advisors, explain the features of their products and distribute marketing and educational materials, and support trading and operational systems necessary to enable the Company’s client servicing and production distribution efforts. The Company earns revenue for placing and maintaining unaffiliated fund partners and insurance companies’ products on the Company’s sales platform (subject to the Company’s due diligence standards). The revenue is primarily earned based on a fixed fee or a fixed rate applied, as a percentage, to the market value of assets invested. These performance obligations are considered a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and are satisfied each day over the contract term. These fees are invoiced and collected on monthly basis.
Other Products
The Company earns revenue for selling unaffiliated alternative products. The performance obligation is satisfied at the time of each individual sale. A portion of the revenue is based on a fixed rate applied, as a percentage, to amounts invested at the time of sale. The remaining revenue is recognized over the time the client owns the investment and is earned generally based on a fixed rate applied, as a percentage, to the market value of the investment. The ongoing revenue is not recognized at the time of sale because it is variably constrained due to factors outside the Company’s control including market volatility and client behavior (such as how long clients hold their investment). The revenue will not be recognized until it is probable that a significant reversal will not occur.
The Company earns revenue from brokerage clients for the execution of requested trades. The performance obligation is satisfied at the time of trade execution and amounts are received on the settlement date. The revenue varies for each trade based on various factors that include the type of investment, dollar amount of the trade and how the trade is executed (online or broker assisted).
The Company earns revenue for placing clients’ deposits in its brokerage sweep program with third-party banks. The amount received from the third-party banks is impacted by short-term interest rates. The performance obligation with the financial institutions that participate in the sweep program is considered a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and are satisfied each day over the contract term. The revenue is earned daily and settled monthly based on a rate applied, as a percentage, to the deposits placed.
Other Revenues
The Company earns revenue from fees charged to franchise advisors for providing various services the advisors need to manage and grow their practices. The primary services include: licensing of intellectual property and software, compliance supervision, insurance coverage, technology services and support, consulting and other services. The services are either provided by the Company or third- party providers. The Company controls the services provided by third parties as it has the right to direct the third parties to perform the services, is primarily responsible for performing the services and sets the prices the advisors are charged. The Company recognizes revenue for the gross amount of the fees received from the advisors. The fees are primarily collected monthly as a reduction of commission payments.
Intellectual property and software licenses, along with compliance supervision, insurance coverage, and technology services and support are primarily earned based on a monthly fixed fee. These services are considered a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and are satisfied each day over the contract term. The consulting and other services performance obligations are satisfied as the services are delivered and revenue is earned based upon the level of service requested.
Receivables
Receivables for revenue from contracts with customers are recognized when the performance obligation is satisfied and the Company has an unconditional right to the revenue. Receivables related to revenues from contracts with customers were $656$318 million and $644$400 million as of March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018,2019, respectively.
4.  5.  Variable Interest Entities
The Company provides asset management services to investment entities which are considered to be VIEs, such as CLOs, hedge funds and other private funds, property funds and certain non-U.S. series funds (OEICs(such as OEICs and SICAVs) (collectively, “investment entities”), which are sponsored by the Company. In addition, the Company invests in structured investments other than CLOs and certain affordable housing partnerships which are considered VIEs. The Company consolidates certain investment entities (collectively, “consolidated

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


investment entities”) if the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. The Company has no obligation to provide financial or other support to the non-consolidated VIEs beyond its initial investment nor hasand existing future funding commitments, and the Company has not provided any other support to these entities.
CLOs
CLOs are asset backed financing entities collateralized by a pool of assets, primarily syndicated loans and, to a lesser extent, high-yield bonds. Multiple tranches of debt securities are issued by a CLO, offering investors various maturity and credit risk characteristics. The debt securities issued by the CLOs are non-recourse to the Company. The CLO’s debt holders have recourse only to the assets of the CLO. The assets of the CLOs cannot be used by the Company. Scheduled debt payments are based on the

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


performance of the CLO’s collateral pool. The Company earns management fees from the CLOs based on the value of the CLO’s collateral pool and, in certain instances, may also receive incentive fees. The fee arrangement is at market and commensurate with the level of effort required to provide those services. The Company has invested in a portion of the unrated, junior subordinated notes of certain CLOs. The Company consolidates certain CLOs where it is the primary beneficiary and has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the CLO.
The Company’s maximum exposure to loss with respect to non-consolidated CLOs is limited to its amortized cost,carrying value, which was $4$3 million and $5$4 million as of March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018,2019, respectively. The Company classifies these investments as Available-for-Sale securities. See Note 56 for additional information on these investments.
Property Funds
The Company provides investment advice and related services to property funds some of which are considered VIEs. For investment management services, the Company generally earns management fees based on the market value of assets under management, and in certain instances may also receive performance-based fees. The fee arrangement is at market and commensurate with the level of effort required to provide those services. The Company does not have a significant economic interest and is not required to consolidate any of the property funds. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss with respect to its investment in these entities is limited to its carrying value. The carrying value of the Company’s investment in property funds is reflected in other investments and was $14 million and $18$12 million as of both March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018, respectively.2019.
Hedge Funds and other Private Funds
The Company does not consolidate hedge funds and other private funds which are sponsored by the Company and considered VIEs. For investment management services, the Company earns management fees based on the market value of assets under management, and in certain instances may also receive performance-based fees. The fee arrangement is at market and commensurate with the level of effort required to provide those services and the Company does not have a significant economic interest in any fund. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss with respect to its investment in these entities is limited to its carrying value. The carrying value of the Company’s investment in these entities is reflected in other investments and was $7 millionnil as of both March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018.2019.
Non-U.S. Series Funds
The Company manages non-U.S. series funds, which are considered VIEs. For investment management services, the Company earns management fees based on the market value of assets under management, and in certain instances may also receive performance-based fees. The fee arrangement is at market and commensurate with the level of effort required to provide those services. The Company does not consolidate these funds and its maximum exposure to loss is limited to its carrying value. The carrying value of the Company’s investment in these funds is reflected in other investments and was $27$26 million and $30$15 million as of March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018,2019, respectively.
Affordable Housing Partnerships and Other Real Estate Partnerships
The Company is a limited partner in affordable housing partnerships that qualify for government-sponsored low income housing tax credit programs and partnerships that invest in multi-family residential properties that were originally developed with an affordable housing component. The Company has determined it is not the primary beneficiary and therefore does not consolidate these partnerships.
A majority of the limited partnerships are VIEs. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its investment in the VIEs is limited to the carrying value. The carrying value is reflected in other investments and was $339$255 million and $352$270 million as of March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018,2019, respectively. The Company had a $30$12 million and a $43$15 million liability recorded as of March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018,2019, respectively, related to original purchase commitments not yet remitted to the VIEs. The Company has not provided any additional support and is not contractually obligated to provide additional support to the VIEs beyond the above mentioned funding commitments.
Structured Investments
The Company invests in structured investments which are considered VIEs for which it is not the sponsor. These structured investments typically invest in fixed income instruments and are managed by third parties and include asset backed securities, commercial and residential mortgage backed securities. The Company classifies these investments as Available-for-Sale securities.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


The Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of these structures due to the size of the Company’s investment in the entities and position in the capital structure of these entities. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its investment in these structured investments is limited to its amortized cost. See Note 56 for additional information on these structured investments.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities
The Company categorizes its fair value measurements according to a three-level hierarchy. See Note 1112 for the definition of the three levels of the fair value hierarchy.
The following tables present the balances of assets and liabilities held by consolidated investment entities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
March 31, 2019March 31, 2020
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 TotalLevel 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
(in millions)
Assets              
Investments:              
Corporate debt securities$
 $9
 $
 $9
$
 $7
 $
 $7
Common stocks1
 
 
 1
1
 
 
 1
Other investments4
 
 
 4
Syndicated loans
 1,609
 117
 1,726

 1,088
 302
 1,390
Total investments5
 1,618
 117
 1,740
1
 1,095
 302
 1,398
Receivables
 28
 
 28

 3
 
 3
Total assets at fair value$5
 $1,646
 $117
 $1,768
$1
 $1,098
 $302
 $1,401
              
Liabilities              
Debt (1)
$
 $1,731
 $
 $1,731
$
 $1,376
 $
 $1,376
Other liabilities
 105
 
 105

 106
 
 106
Total liabilities at fair value$
 $1,836
 $
 $1,836
$
 $1,482
 $
 $1,482

December 31, 2018December 31, 2019
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 TotalLevel 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
(in millions)
Assets              
Investments:              
Corporate debt securities$
 $9
 $
 $9
$
 $8
 $
 $8
Common stocks1
 1
 
 2
1
 
 
 1
Other investments4
 
 
 4
Syndicated loans
 1,465
 226
 1,691

 1,454
 143
 1,597
Total investments5
 1,475
 226
 1,706
1
 1,462
 143
 1,606
Receivables
 12
 
 12

 8
 
 8
Total assets at fair value$5
 $1,487
 $226
 $1,718
$1
 $1,470
 $143
 $1,614
              
Liabilities              
Debt (1)
$
 $1,743
 $
 $1,743
$
 $1,628
 $
 $1,628
Other liabilities
 122
 
 122

 84
 
 84
Total liabilities at fair value$
 $1,865
 $
 $1,865
$
 $1,712
 $
 $1,712

(1) 
The carrying value of the CLOs’ debt is set equal to the fair value of the CLOs’ assets. The estimated fair value of the CLOs’ debt was $1.4 billion and $1.7 billion as of both March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018.2019, respectively.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


The following tables provide a summary of changes in Level 3 assets held by consolidated investment entities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
  Syndicated Loans 
 (in millions)
 Balance, January 1, 2019$226
 
 Purchases22
 
 Sales(1) 
 Settlements(7) 
 Transfers into Level 325
 
 Transfers out of Level 3(148) 
 Balance, March 31, 2019$117
 
 Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in income relating to assets held at March 31, 2019$
 
  
 
  Common Stocks Syndicated Loans 
 (in millions)
 Balance, January 1, 2018$4
 $180
 
 Total gains (losses) included in:    
 Net income4
(1) 
2
(1) 
 Purchases
 18
 
 Sales
 (1) 
 Settlements
 (11) 
 Transfers into Level 34
 61
 
 Transfers out of Level 3(1) (49) 
 Balance, March 31, 2018$11
 $200
 
 Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in income relating to assets held at March 31, 2018$4
(1) 
$2
(1) 
 Syndicated Loans 
(in millions)
Balance, January 1, 2020$143
 
Total gains (losses) included in:  
Net income(39)
(1) 
Purchases43
 
Sales(7) 
Settlements(10) 
Transfers into Level 3248
 
Transfers out of Level 3(76) 
Balance, March 31, 2020$302
 
   
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in income relating to assets held at March 31, 2020$(37)
(1) 
 Syndicated Loans 
(in millions)
Balance, January 1, 2019$226
 
Purchases22
 
Sales(1) 
Settlements(7) 
Transfers into Level 325
 
Transfers out of Level 3(148) 
Balance, March 31, 2019$117
 
   
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in income relating to assets held at March 31, 2019$
 

(1) Included in net investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Securities and loans transferred from Level 3 primarily represent assets with fair values that are now obtained from a third-party pricing service with observable inputs or priced in active markets. Securities and loans transferred to Level 3 represent assets with fair values that are now based on a single non-binding broker quote.
All Level 3 measurements as of March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 20182019 were obtained from non-binding broker quotes where unobservable inputs utilized in the fair value calculation are not reasonably available to the Company.
Determination of Fair Value
Assets
Investments
The fair value of syndicated loans obtained from third-party pricing services using a market approach with observable inputs is classified as Level 2. The fair value of syndicated loans obtained from third-party pricing services with a single non-binding broker quote as the underlying valuation source is classified as Level 3. The underlying inputs used in non-binding broker quotes are not readily available to the Company.
See Note 1112 for a description of the Company’s determination of the fair value of corporate debt securities, common stocks and other investments.
Receivables
For receivables of the consolidated CLOs, the carrying value approximates fair value as the nature of these assets has historically been short term and the receivables have been collectible. The fair value of these receivables is classified as Level 2.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


Liabilities
Debt
The fair value of the CLOs’ assets, typically syndicated bank loans, is more observable than the fair value of the CLOs’ debt tranches for which market activity is limited and less transparent. As a result, the fair value of the CLOs’ debt is set equal to the fair value of the CLOs’ assets and is classified as Level 2.
Other Liabilities
Other liabilities consist primarily of securities purchased but not yet settled held by consolidated CLOs. The carrying value approximates fair value as the nature of these liabilities has historically been short term. The fair value of these liabilities is classified as Level 2.
Fair Value Option
The Company has elected the fair value option for the financial assets and liabilities of the consolidated CLOs. Management believes that the use of the fair value option better matches the changes in fair value of assets and liabilities related to the CLOs.
The following table presents the fair value and unpaid principal balance of loans and debt for which the fair value option has been elected:
March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
March 31,
2020
 December 31,
2019
(in millions)
Syndicated loans      
Unpaid principal balance$1,780
 $1,743
$1,696
 $1,678
Excess unpaid principal over fair value(54) (52)(306) (81)
Fair value$1,726
 $1,691
$1,390
 $1,597
Fair value of loans more than 90 days past due$8
 $
$3
 $4
Fair value of loans in nonaccrual status8
 
73
 42
Difference between fair value and unpaid principal of loans more than 90 days past due, loans in nonaccrual status or both
 
64
 18
      
Debt      
Unpaid principal balance$1,885
 $1,951
$1,732
 $1,761
Excess unpaid principal over fair value(154) (208)(356) (133)
Carrying value (1)
$1,731
 $1,743
$1,376
 $1,628

(1) The carrying value of the CLOs’ debt is set equal to the fair value of the CLOs’ assets. The estimated fair value of the CLOs’ debt was $1.4 billion and $1.7 billion as of both March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018.2019, respectively.
Interest income from syndicated loans, bonds and structured investments is recorded based on contractual rates in net investment income. Gains and losses related to changes in the fair value of investments and gains and losses on sales of investments are also recorded in net investment income. Interest expense on debt is recorded in interest and debt expense with gains and losses related to changes in the fair value of debt recorded in net investment income.
Total net gains (losses) recognized in net investment income related to changes in the fair value of financial assets and liabilities for which the fair value option was elected were $(4)$(6) million and $(1)$(4) million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, respectively.
Debt of the consolidated investment entities and the stated interest rates were as follows:
Carrying Value Weighted Average Interest RateCarrying Value Weighted Average Interest Rate
March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
March 31,
2020
 December 31,
2019
March 31,
2020
 December 31,
2019
(in millions) (in millions) 
Debt of consolidated CLOs due 2025-2030$1,731
 $1,743
 4.0% 3.7%$1,376
 $1,628
 3.3% 3.5%

The debt of the consolidated CLOs has both fixed and floating interest rates, which range from 0% to 11.4%10.4%. The interest rates on the debt of CLOs are weighted average rates based on the outstanding principal and contractual interest rates.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


5.6.  Investments
The following is a summary of Ameriprise Financial investments:
 March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
(in millions)
Available-for-Sale securities, at fair value$28,764
 $31,058
Mortgage loans, net2,644
 2,696
Policy and certificate loans854
 861
Other investments1,201
 1,210
Total$33,463
 $35,825
 March 31,
2020
 December 31,
2019
(in millions)
Available-for-Sale securities, at fair value (net of allowance for credit losses: 2020, $13)$31,846
 $33,129
Mortgage loans, net (net of allowance for credit losses: 2020, $26; 2019, $19)2,779
 2,778
Policy loans869
 868
Other investments (net of allowance for credit losses: 2020, $13; 2019, $5)1,132
 1,140
Total$36,626
 $37,915

Other investments primarily reflect the Company’s interests in affordable housing partnerships, trading securities, seed money investments, syndicated loans, credit card receivables and held-to-maturity certificates of deposit with original or remaining maturities at the time of purchase of more than 90 days. The carrying value of held-to-maturity certificates of deposit was $26 million and $7 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, which approximates fair value due to the short time between the purchase of the instrument and its expected realization.
The following is a summary of net investment income:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019 20182020 2019
(in millions)
Investment income on fixed maturities$353
 $329
$322
 $353
Net realized gains (losses) (1)
4
 6
(19)
(1) 
4
Affordable housing partnerships(15) (11)(14) (15)
Other32
 46
22
 32
Consolidated investment entities23
 26
17
 23
Total$397
 $396
$328
 $397

(1)
(1) Includes the change in the allowance for credit losses of $24 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.
Net realized gains for the three months ended March 31, 2019 included other-than-temporary impairments (“OTTI”) on investments held by AAH, which were classified as held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2019. See Note 15 for additional information.
Available-for-Sale securities distributed by type were as follows:
Description of SecuritiesDescription of SecuritiesMarch 31, 2019Description of SecuritiesMarch 31, 2020
Amortized Cost 
Gross
Unrealized Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized Losses
 Fair Value 
Noncredit OTTI (1)
Amortized Cost 
Gross
Unrealized Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized Losses
 Allowance for Credit Losses Fair Value
(in millions) (in millions)
Corporate debt securitiesCorporate debt securities$12,185
 $813
 $(60) $12,938
 $(6)Corporate debt securities$11,185
 $857
 $(335) $(13) $11,694
Residential mortgage backed securitiesResidential mortgage backed securities6,291
 53
 (43) 6,301
 
Residential mortgage backed securities9,734
 117
 (136) 
 9,715
Commercial mortgage backed securitiesCommercial mortgage backed securities4,810
 32
 (41) 4,801
 
Commercial mortgage backed securities5,478
 61
 (144) 
 5,395
Asset backed securitiesAsset backed securities1,268
 39
 (4) 1,303
 1
Asset backed securities2,129
 28
 (73) 
 2,084
State and municipal obligationsState and municipal obligations1,228
 201
 (5) 1,424
 
State and municipal obligations1,100
 235
 (5) 
 1,330
U.S. government and agencies obligations1,709
 1
 
 1,710
 
U.S. government and agency obligationsU.S. government and agency obligations1,372
 4
 
 
 1,376
Foreign government bonds and obligationsForeign government bonds and obligations280
 13
 (6) 287
 
Foreign government bonds and obligations251
 9
 (8) 
 252
TotalTotal$27,771
 $1,152
 $(159) $28,764
 $(5)Total$31,249
 $1,311
 $(701) $(13) $31,846



AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


Description of SecuritiesDecember 31, 2019
Amortized Cost 
Gross
Unrealized Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized Losses
 Fair Value
 (in millions)
Corporate debt securities$10,847
 $1,344
 $(4) $12,187
Residential mortgage backed securities9,954
 94
 (19) 10,029
Commercial mortgage backed securities5,473
 96
 (6) 5,563
Asset backed securities1,968
 42
 (4) 2,006
State and municipal obligations1,131
 238
 (2) 1,367
U.S. government and agency obligations1,679
 1
 
 1,680
Foreign government bonds and obligations254
 19
 (2) 271
Other securities26
 
 
 26
Total$31,332
 $1,834
 $(37) $33,129
Description of SecuritiesDecember 31, 2018
Amortized Cost 
Gross
Unrealized Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized Losses
 Fair Value 
Noncredit OTTI (1)
 (in millions)
Corporate debt securities$13,741
 $555
 $(230) $14,066
 $
Residential mortgage backed securities6,373
 34
 (78) 6,329
 
Commercial mortgage backed securities4,975
 18
 (116) 4,877
 
Asset backed securities1,373
 36
 (11) 1,398
 1
State and municipal obligations2,166
 192
 (13) 2,345
 
U.S. government and agencies obligations1,745
 
 
 1,745
 
Foreign government bonds and obligations298
 9
 (9) 298
 
Total$30,671
 $844
 $(457) $31,058
 $1
(1)
Represents the amount of OTTI losses in AOCI. Amount includes unrealized gains and losses on impaired securities subsequent to the initial impairment measurement date. These amounts are included in gross unrealized gains and losses as of the end of the period.
As of March 31, 20192020, and December 31, 2018,2019, accrued interest of $187 million and $177 million, respectively, is excluded from the amortized cost basis of Available-for-Sale securities in the tables above and is recorded in receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, investment securities with a fair value of $1.8$2.7 billion and $1.5$2.2 billion, respectively, were pledged to meet contractual obligations under derivative contracts and short-term borrowings, of which $744$411 million and $510$576 million, respectively, may be sold, pledged or rehypothecated by the counterparty.
As of both March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 20182019, fixed maturity securities comprised approximately 86% and 87%, respectively, of Ameriprise Financial investments. Rating agency designations are based on the availability of ratings from Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (“NRSROs”), including Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”), Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”) and Fitch Ratings Ltd. (“Fitch”). The Company uses the median of available ratings from Moody’s, S&P and Fitch, or, if fewer than three ratings are available, the lower rating is used. When ratings from Moody’s, S&P and Fitch are unavailable, the Company may utilize ratings from other NRSROs or rate the securities internally. As of March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 20182019, the Company’s internal analysts rated $673$557 million and $755$624 million, respectively, of securities using criteria similar to those used by NRSROs.
A summary of fixed maturity securities by rating was as follows:
RatingsRatingsMarch 31, 2019 December 31, 2018RatingsMarch 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Amortized Cost Fair Value Percent of Total Fair ValueAmortized Cost Fair Value Percent of Total Fair ValueAmortized Cost Fair Value Percent of Total Fair ValueAmortized Cost Fair Value Percent of Total Fair Value
(in millions, except percentages) (in millions, except percentages)
AAAAAA$13,124
 $13,138
 46% $13,399
 $13,252
 43%AAA$18,039
 $17,903
 56% $18,256
 $18,437
 56%
AAAA1,174
 1,334
 5
 1,571
 1,723
 5
AA1,030
 1,204
 4
 1,113
 1,304
 4
AA2,962
 3,294
 11
 3,667
 3,899
 13
A3,157
 3,596
 11
 3,008
 3,474
 10
BBBBBB9,549
 10,041
 35
 11,102
 11,290
 36
BBB7,878
 8,144
 26
 8,178
 9,102
 28
Below investment grade (1)
Below investment grade (1)
962
 957
 3
 932
 894
 3
Below investment grade (1)
1,145
 999
 3
 777
 812
 2
Total fixed maturitiesTotal fixed maturities$27,771
 $28,764
 100% $30,671
 $31,058
 100%Total fixed maturities$31,249
 $31,846
 100% $31,332
 $33,129
 100%

(1) 
The amortized cost and fair value of below investment grade securities includes interest in CLOs managed by the Company of $5 million and $4 million, and $6 million, respectively, atas of March 31, 2019,2020, and $5 million and $6 million, respectively, atas of December 31, 2018.2019. These securities are not rated but are included in below investment grade due to their risk characteristics.
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, approximately 37% and 36%, respectively, of the securities rated AAA were GNMA, FNMA and FHLMC mortgage backed securities. No holdings of any other issuer were greater than 10% of total equity.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


As of both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, approximately 45% of securities rated AAA were GNMA, FNMA and FHLMC mortgage backed securities. NaN holdings of any issuer were greater than 10% of total equity.
The following tables provide information about Available-for-Sale securities with gross unrealized losses and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:
Description of SecuritiesDescription of SecuritiesMarch 31, 2019Description of SecuritiesMarch 31, 2020
Less than 12 months 12 months or more TotalLess than 12 months 12 months or more Total
Number of Securities Fair Value Unrealized LossesNumber of Securities Fair Value Unrealized LossesNumber of Securities Fair Value Unrealized LossesNumber of Securities Fair Value 
Unrealized Losses (1)
Number of Securities Fair Value 
Unrealized Losses (1)
Number of Securities Fair Value 
Unrealized Losses (1)
(in millions, except number of securities) (in millions, except number of securities)
Corporate debt securitiesCorporate debt securities65
 $568
 $(12) 181
 $2,438
 $(48) 246
 $3,006
 $(60)Corporate debt securities233
 $2,844
 $(337) 10
 $37
 $(11) 243
 $2,881
 $(348)
Residential mortgage backed securitiesResidential mortgage backed securities73
 905
 (4) 194
 2,415
 (39) 267
 3,320
 (43)Residential mortgage backed securities326
 6,020
 (122) 90
 728
 (14) 416
 6,748
 (136)
Commercial mortgage backed securitiesCommercial mortgage backed securities33
 924
 (3) 118
 2,001
 (38) 151
 2,925
 (41)Commercial mortgage backed securities99
 2,636
 (136) 20
 206
 (8) 119
 2,842
 (144)
Asset backed securitiesAsset backed securities18
 294
 (2) 36
 433
 (2) 54
 727
 (4)Asset backed securities87
 1,424
 (63) 9
 163
 (10) 96
 1,587
 (73)
State and municipal obligationsState and municipal obligations1
 40
 (1) 27
 152
 (4) 28
 192
 (5)State and municipal obligations6
 79
 (4) 2
 7
 (1) 8
 86
 (5)
Foreign government bonds and obligationsForeign government bonds and obligations2
 3
 
 22
 48
 (6) 24
 51
 (6)Foreign government bonds and obligations20
 93
 (6) 8
 10
 (2) 28
 103
 (8)
TotalTotal192
 $2,734
 $(22) 578
 $7,487
 $(137) 770
 $10,221
 $(159)Total771
 $13,096
 $(668) 139
 $1,151
 $(46) 910
 $14,247
 $(714)
(1) Unrealized losses of $13 million due to credit-related factors is recorded in the allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2020.

Description of SecuritiesDescription of SecuritiesDecember 31, 2018Description of SecuritiesDecember 31, 2019
Less than 12 months 12 months or more TotalLess than 12 months 12 months or more Total
Number of Securities Fair Value Unrealized LossesNumber of Securities Fair Value Unrealized LossesNumber of Securities Fair Value Unrealized LossesNumber of Securities Fair Value Unrealized LossesNumber of Securities Fair Value Unrealized LossesNumber of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses
(in millions, except number of securities) (in millions, except number of securities)
Corporate debt securitiesCorporate debt securities345
 $5,522
 $(152) 148
 $1,717
 $(78) 493
 $7,239
 $(230)Corporate debt securities13
 $66
 $(1) 23
 $173
 $(3) 36
 $239
 $(4)
Residential mortgage backed securitiesResidential mortgage backed securities142
 2,029
 (18) 175
 2,132
 (60) 317
 4,161
 (78)Residential mortgage backed securities150
 4,328
 (10) 118
 1,164
 (9) 268
 5,492
 (19)
Commercial mortgage backed securitiesCommercial mortgage backed securities104
 2,062
 (30) 112
 1,806
 (86) 216
 3,868
 (116)Commercial mortgage backed securities52
 1,622
 (3) 31
 314
 (3) 83
 1,936
 (6)
Asset backed securitiesAsset backed securities38
 491
 (6) 35
 396
 (5) 73
 887
 (11)Asset backed securities34
 598
 (3) 16
 213
 (1) 50
 811
 (4)
State and municipal obligationsState and municipal obligations81
 255
 (4) 100
 254
 (9) 181
 509
 (13)State and municipal obligations5
 23
 
 4
 57
 (2) 9
 80
 (2)
Foreign government bonds and obligationsForeign government bonds and obligations17
 86
 (4) 14
 17
 (5) 31
 103
 (9)Foreign government bonds and obligations1
 
 
 10
 15
 (2) 11
 15
 (2)
TotalTotal727
 $10,445
 $(214) 584
 $6,322
 $(243) 1,311
 $16,767
 $(457)Total255
 $6,637
 $(17) 202
 $1,936
 $(20) 457
 $8,573
 $(37)

As part of Ameriprise Financial’s ongoing monitoring process, management determined that the change in gross unrealized losses on its Available-for-Sale securities during the first quarter of 2020 is primarily attributable to wider credit spreads, partially offset by lower interest rates as well as tighter credit spreads.rates.
The following table presents a rollforward of the cumulative amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operationsallowance for OTTI relatedcredit losses on Available-for-Sale securities:
 Corporate Debt Securities
(in millions)
Balance, January 1, 2020 (1)
$
Additions for which credit losses were not previously recorded13
Balance, March 31, 2020$13

(1) Prior to January 1, 2020, credit losses on Available-for-Sale securities for whichwere not recorded in an allowance but were recorded as a portionreduction of the securities’ total OTTIbook value of the security if the security was recognized in OCI:
 Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 2018
(in millions)
Beginning balance$2
 $2
Credit losses for which an other-than-temporary impairment was previously recognized
 
Ending balance$2
 $2

other-than-temporarily impaired. There is no adoption impact due to the prospective transition for Available-for-Sale securities.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


Net realized gains and losses on Available-for-Sale securities, determined using the specific identification method, recognized in earningsnet investment income were as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019 20182020 2019
(in millions)
Gross realized investment gains$19
 $6
$8
 $19
Gross realized investment losses(9) (1)(3) (9)
Other-than-temporary impairments(5) 
Credit losses(13) (5)
Total$5
 $5
$(8) $5

Other-than-temporary impairmentsCredit losses for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 primarily related to recording an allowance for credit losses on certain corporate debt securities, primarily in the oil and gas industry. The Company recognized an impairment of $5 million in the first quarter of 2019 on investments held by AAH, which were classifiedAmeriprise Auto & Home Insurance (“AAH”) as held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheet asCompany no longer intended to hold the securities until the recovery of March 31, 2019. See Note 15 for additional information.fair value to book value.
See Note 1615 for a rollforward of net unrealized investment gains (losses) included in AOCI.
Available-for-Sale securities by contractual maturity as of March 31, 20192020 were as follows:
Amortized Cost Fair ValueAmortized Cost Fair Value
(in millions)
Due within one year$3,194
 $3,197
$2,700
 $2,706
Due after one year through five years4,710
 4,779
4,749
 4,741
Due after five years through 10 years3,294
 3,400
2,479
 2,562
Due after 10 years4,204
 4,983
3,980
 4,643
15,402
 16,359
13,908
 14,652
Residential mortgage backed securities6,291
 6,301
9,734
 9,715
Commercial mortgage backed securities4,810
 4,801
5,478
 5,395
Asset backed securities1,268
 1,303
2,129
 2,084
Total$27,771
 $28,764
$31,249
 $31,846

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations. Residential mortgage backed securities, commercial mortgage backed securities and asset backed securities are not due at a single maturity date. As such, these securities were not included in the maturities distribution.
7.  Financing Receivables
Financing receivables are comprised of commercial loans, consumer loans, and the deposit receivable. See Note 2 for information regarding the Company’s accounting policies related to financing receivables and the allowance for credit losses.
Allowance for Credit Losses
The following tables present a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses for the three months ended March 31:
 Commercial Loans Consumer Loans Total
(in millions)
Balance, December 31, 2019 (1)
$51
 $
 $51
Cumulative effect of adoption of current expected credit losses guidance2
 3
 5
Balance, January 1, 202053
 3
 56
Provisions10
 2
 12
Write-offs
 (1) (1)
Balance, March 31, 2020$63
 $4
 $67

(1) Prior to January 1, 2020, the allowance for credit losses was based on an incurred loss model that did not require estimating expected credit losses over the expected life of the asset.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


6.  Financing Receivables
The Company’s financing receivables primarily include commercial mortgage loans, syndicated loans, policy loans, certificate loans, advisor loans, margin loans and the reinsurance deposit receivable. Commercial mortgage loans, syndicated loans, policy loans and certificate loans are reflected in investments. Advisor loans, margin loans and the reinsurance deposit receivable are recorded in receivables.
Allowance for Loan Losses
Policy and certificate loans do not exceed the cash surrender value at origination. As there is minimal risk of loss related to policy and certificate loans, the Company does not record an allowance for loan losses. The Company monitors collateral supporting margin loans and requests additional collateral when necessary in order to mitigate the risk of loss.
Commercial Mortgage Loans and Syndicated Loans
The following table presents a rollforward of the allowance for loan losses for the three months ended and the ending balance of the allowance for loan losses by impairment method:
 March 31,
2019 2018
(in millions)
Beginning balance$24
 $26
Charge-offs(1) 
Provisions
 
Ending balance$23
 $26
    
Individually evaluated for impairment$
 $
Collectively evaluated for impairment23
 26

The recorded investment in financing receivables by impairment method was as follows:
 March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
(in millions)
Individually evaluated for impairment$19
 $24
Collectively evaluated for impairment3,190
 3,239
Total$3,209
 $3,263
 Commercial Loans
(in millions)
Balance, January 1, 2019$49
Write-offs(1)
Balance, March 31, 2019$48

As of both March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018, the Company’s recorded investment in financing receivables individually evaluated for impairment for which there2019, accrued interest on commercial loans was no related allowance for loan losses was $19$14 million and $24 million, respectively. Unearned income, unamortized premiumsis recorded in receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and discounts,excluded from the amortized cost basis of commercial loans.
Purchases and net unamortized deferred fees and costs are not material to the Company’s total loan balance.Sales
During both the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company purchased $33 million of syndicated loans. During the three months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, the Company sold $13purchased $56 million and $3$33 million, respectively, of syndicated loans, and sold $7 million and $13 million, respectively, of syndicated loans.
The Company has not acquired any loans with deteriorated credit quality as of the acquisition date.
Loans to Financial Advisors
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, principal amounts outstanding for advisor loans were $578 million and $558 million, respectively. As of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, allowance for loan losses were $25 million. The allowance for loan losses related to loans to financial advisors is not included in the table disclosures above. Of the gross balance outstanding, the portion associated with financial advisors who are no longer affiliated with the Company was $15 million and $18 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The allowance for loan losses on these loans was $12 million and $13 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


Credit Quality Information
Nonperforming loans which are generally loans 90 days or more past due, were $14$31 million and $16$25 million as of March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018,2019, respectively. All other loans were considered to be performing.
Commercial Loans
Commercial Mortgage Loans
The Company reviews the credit worthiness of the borrower and the performance of the underlying properties in order to determine the risk of loss on commercial mortgage loans. Loan-to-value ratio is the primary credit quality indicator included in this review. Total commercial mortgage loans past due were nil as of both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Based on this review, the commercial mortgage loans are assigned an internal risk rating, which management updates as necessary. Commercial mortgage loans which management has assigned its highest risk rating were nilless than 1% of total commercial mortgage loans as of both March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018.2019. Loans with the highest risk rating represent distressed loans which the Company has identified as impaired or expects to become delinquent or enter into foreclosure within the next six months. In addition,
The table below presents the Company reviews the concentrations of credit risk by region and property type.
Concentrations of credit riskamortized cost basis of commercial mortgage loans as of March 31, 2020 by U.S. region were as follows:year of origination and loan-to-value ratio:
 Loans Percentage
March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
(in millions)    
East North Central$218
 $216
 8% 8%
East South Central108
 107
 4
 4
Middle Atlantic186
 187
 7
 7
Mountain235
 237
 9
 9
New England57
 62
 2
 2
Pacific798
 814
 30
 30
South Atlantic712
 731
 27
 27
West North Central205
 213
 8
 8
West South Central144
 148
 5
 5
 2,663
 2,715
 100% 100%
Less: allowance for loan losses19
 19
  
  
Total$2,644
 $2,696
  
  
Concentrations of credit risk of commercial mortgage loans by property type were as follows:
 Loans Percentage
March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
(in millions)    
Apartments$618
 $621
 23% 23%
Hotel42
 43
 2
 1
Industrial441
 453
 17
 17
Mixed use58
 54
 2
 2
Office421
 435
 15
 16
Retail879
 897
 33
 33
Other204
 212
 8
 8
 2,663
 2,715
 100% 100%
Less: allowance for loan losses19
 19
  
  
Total$2,644
 $2,696
  
  
Loan-to-Value Ratio 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Total
 (in millions)
> 100% $
 $
 $
 $
 $1
 $11
 $12
80% - 100% 13
 15
 10
 4
 14
 12
 68
60% - 80% 33
 182
 85
 44
 61
 129
 534
40% - 60% 8
 46
 54
 156
 86
 692
 1,042
< 40% 5
 24
 51
 96
 75
 898
 1,149
Total $59
 $267
 $200
 $300
 $237
 $1,742
 $2,805


AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


In addition, the Company reviews the concentrations of credit risk by region and property type. Concentrations of credit risk of commercial mortgage loans by U.S. region were as follows:
 Loans Percentage
March 31,
2020
 December 31,
2019
March 31,
2020
 December 31,
2019
(in millions)    
East North Central$234
 $239
 8% 9%
East South Central119
 121
 4
 4
Middle Atlantic185
 182
 7
 6
Mountain247
 251
 9
 9
New England56
 54
 2
 2
Pacific843
 831
 30
 30
South Atlantic730
 723
 26
 26
West North Central211
 214
 8
 8
West South Central180
 182
 6
 6
 2,805
 2,797
 100% 100%
Less: allowance for credit losses26
 19
  
  
Total$2,779
 $2,778
  
  
Concentrations of credit risk of commercial mortgage loans by property type were as follows:
 Loans Percentage
March 31,
2020
 December 31,
2019
March 31,
2020
 December 31,
2019
(in millions)    
Apartments$705
 $692
 25% 25%
Hotel50
 51
 2
 2
Industrial430
 429
 15
 15
Mixed use90
 78
 3
 3
Office407
 419
 15
 15
Retail918
 931
 33
 33
Other205
 197
 7
 7
 2,805
 2,797
 100% 100%
Less: allowance for credit losses26
 19
  
  
Total$2,779
 $2,778
  
  

Syndicated Loans
The recorded investment in syndicated loans as of March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 20182019 was $546$560 million and $548$543 million, respectively. The Company’s syndicated loan portfolio is diversified across industries and issuers.issuers, with limited exposure to the oil and gas industry. Total syndicated loans past due were NaN and $1 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company assigns an internal risk rating to each syndicated loan in its portfolio ranging from 1 through 5, with 5 reflecting the lowest quality.
The table below presents the amortized cost basis of syndicated loans as of March 31, 2020 by origination year and internal risk rating:
Internal Risk Rating 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Total
 (in millions)
Risk 5 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
Risk 4 
 13
 5
 6
 2
 7
 33
Risk 3 
 5
 14
 31
 10
 19
 79
Risk 2 11
 40
 59
 60
 23
 56
 249
Risk 1 9
 27
 49
 58
 18
 38
 199
Total $20
 $85
 $127
 $155
 $53
 $120
 $560


AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


Financial Advisor Loans
The Company offers loans to financial advisors for transitional cost assistance. Repayment of the loan is highly dependent on the retention of the financial advisor. In the event a financial advisor is no longer affiliated with the Company, any unpaid balances become immediately due. Accordingly, the primary risk factor for advisor loans is termination status. The allowance for credit losses related to loans to advisors that have terminated their relationship with the Company was $9 million and $10 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
The table below presents the amortized cost basis of advisor loans as of March 31, 2020 by origination year and termination status:
Termination Status 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Total
 (in millions)
Active $46
 $153
 $109
 $134
 $91
 $111
 $644
Terminated 
 
 
 1
 3
 12
 16
Total $46
 $153
 $109
 $135
 $94
 $123
 $660

Consumer Loans
Credit Card Receivables
The credit cards are co-branded with Ameriprise Financial, Inc. and issued to the Company’s customers by a third party. FICO scores and delinquency rates are the primary credit indicatorquality indicators for syndicated loans is whether the loanscredit card portfolio. Delinquency rates are performing in accordance withmeasured as based on the contractual termsnumber of the syndication. Total nonperforming syndicated loansdays past due. Two percent of credit card receivables were over 30 days past due as of both March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018 were nil.2019.
The table below presents the amortized cost basis of credit card receivables by FICO score as of March 31, 2020:
 Total
(in millions)
> 800$24
750 - 79919
700 - 74925
650 - 69916
< 6507
Total$91

Policy Loans
Policy loans do not exceed the cash surrender value at origination. As there is minimal risk of loss related to policy loans, the Company does not record an allowance for credit losses.
Margin Loans
The Company monitors collateral supporting margin loans and requests additional collateral when necessary in order to mitigate the risk of loss. As of both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the allowance for credit losses on margin loans was not material.
Deposit Receivable
The deposit receivable was $1.5 billion as of both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The deposit receivable is fully collateralized by the fair value of the assets held in a trust. Based on management’s evaluation of the nature of the underlying assets and the potential for changes in the collateral value, the Company did not have an allowance for credit losses for the deposit receivable as of both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Troubled Debt Restructurings
The recorded investment in restructured loans was not material as of both March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018. Troubled debt restructurings did not have a material impact to2019. There were no loans restructured by the Company’s allowance for loan losses or income recognized forCompany during both the three months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018.2019. There are no0 commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans have been restructured.
Reinsurance Deposit Receivable
In the first quarter of 2019, the Company reinsured approximately $1.7 billion of fixed annuity polices sold through third parties, which is approximately 20% of in force fixed annuity account balances. The arrangement contains investment guidelines and a trust to help meet the Company’s risk management objectives. The transaction was effective as of January 1, 2019.
For each of its reinsurance agreements, the Company determines whether the agreement provides indemnification against loss or liability related to insurance risk in accordance with applicable accounting standards. If the Company determines that a reinsurance agreement does not expose the reinsurer to a reasonable possibility of a significant loss from insurance risk, the Company records the agreement using the deposit method of accounting. Deposits made are included in receivables. As amounts are received, consistent with the underlying fixed annuity contracts, the reinsurance deposit receivable is adjusted. The reinsurance deposit receivable is accreted using the interest method and the adjustment is reported in other revenues.
The reinsurance deposit receivable was $1.6 billion as of March 31, 2019.
7.  Deferred Acquisition Costs and Deferred Sales Inducement Costs
The balances of and changes inDAC were as follows:
 2019 2018
(in millions)
Balance at January 1$2,776
 $2,676
Capitalization of acquisition costs71
 79
Amortization(16) (92)
Impact of change in net unrealized (gains) losses on securities(59) 55
Reclassified to assets held for sale (1)
(15) 
Balance at March 31$2,757
 $2,718

(1) See Note 15 for additional information on held for sale classification.
The balances of and changes in DSIC, which is included in other assets, were as follows:
 2019 2018
(in millions)
Balance at January 1$251
 $276
Capitalization of sales inducement costs
 1
Amortization
 (11)
Impact of change in net unrealized (gains) losses on securities(10) 9
Balance at March 31$241
 $275


AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


8.  Deferred Acquisition Costs and Deferred Sales Inducement Costs
The balances of and changes inDAC were as follows:
 2020 2019
(in millions)
Balance at January 1$2,698
 $2,776
Capitalization of acquisition costs60
 71
Amortization(512) (16)
Impact of change in net unrealized (gains) losses on securities118
 (59)
Reclassified to assets held for sale (1)

 (15)
Balance at March 31$2,364
 $2,757

(1) On April 2, 2019, the Company announced it signed a definitive agreement with a subsidiary of American Family Mutual Holding Company (American Family Insurance) for the sale of AAH, a business unit of Ameriprise Financial. The Company met the requirements to classify assets related to AAH as held for sale as of March 31, 2019.
The balances of and changes in DSIC, which is included in other assets, were as follows:
 2020 2019
(in millions)
Balance at January 1$218
 $251
Amortization(36) 
Impact of change in net unrealized (gains) losses on securities15
 (10)
Balance at March 31$197
 $241

9.  Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims and Separate Account Liabilities
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims consisted of the following:
March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
March 31,
2020
 December 31,
2019
(in millions)
Policyholder account balances      
Fixed annuities (1)
$9,206
 $9,338
$8,774
 $8,909
Variable annuity fixed sub-accounts5,127
 5,129
5,126
 5,103
Universal life (“UL”)/variable universal life (“VUL”) insurance3,060
 3,063
UL/VUL insurance3,125
 3,110
Indexed universal life (“IUL”) insurance1,785
 1,728
2,086
 2,025
Other life insurance672
 683
636
 646
Total policyholder account balances19,850
 19,941
19,747
 19,793
      
Future policy benefits      
Variable annuity guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (“GMWB”)771
 875
3,899
 1,462
Variable annuity guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits (“GMAB”) (2)
(45) (19)88
 (39)
Other annuity liabilities50
 26
154
 139
Fixed annuity life contingent liabilities1,459
 1,459
1,432
 1,444
Life and disability income insurance1,222
 1,221
1,199
 1,212
Long term care insurance5,088
 4,981
5,125
 5,302
UL/VUL and other life insurance additional liabilities890
 749
836
 1,033
Total future policy benefits9,435
 9,292
12,733
 10,553
Policy claims and other policyholders’ funds178
 891
205
 166
Total policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims$29,463
 $30,124
$32,685
 $30,512

(1) Includes fixed deferred annuities, non-life contingent fixed payout annuities and fixed deferred indexed annuity host contracts.
(2) Includes the fair value of GMAB embedded derivatives that was a net asset as of both MarchDecember 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 reported as a contra liability.
Separate account liabilities consisted of the following:
 March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
(in millions)
Variable annuity$71,748
 $66,913
VUL insurance7,034
 6,451
Other insurance30
 29
Threadneedle investment liabilities4,759
 4,532
Total$83,571
 $77,925


AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


Separate account liabilities consisted of the following:
 March 31,
2020
 December 31,
2019
(in millions)
Variable annuity$64,744
 $74,965
VUL insurance6,073
 7,429
Other insurance25
 31
Threadneedle investment liabilities4,463
 5,063
Total$75,305
 $87,488
9.  
10.  Variable Annuity and Insurance Guarantees
The majority of the variable annuity contracts offered by the Company contain guaranteed minimum death benefit (“GMDB”) provisions. The Company also offers variable annuities with death benefit provisions that gross up the amount payable by a certain percentage of contract earnings, which are referred to as gain gross-up (“GGU”) benefits. In addition, the Company offers contracts with GMWB and GMAB provisions. The Company previously offered contracts containing guaranteed minimum income benefit (“GMIB”) provisions.
Certain UL policies offered by the Company provide secondary guarantee benefits. The secondary guarantee ensures that, subject to specified conditions, the policy will not terminate and will continue to provide a death benefit even if there is insufficient policy value to cover the monthly deductions and charges.
The following table provides information related to variable annuity guarantees for which the Company has established additional liabilities:
Variable Annuity
Guarantees
by Benefit Type (1)
Variable Annuity
Guarantees
by Benefit Type (1)
March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
Variable Annuity
Guarantees
by Benefit Type (1)
March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Total Contract Value Contract Value in Separate Accounts 
Net Amount
at Risk
 
Weighted Average
Attained Age
Total Contract Value Contract Value in Separate Accounts 
Net Amount
at Risk
 
Weighted Average
Attained Age
Total Contract Value Contract Value in Separate Accounts 
Net Amount
at Risk
 
Weighted Average
Attained Age
Total Contract Value Contract Value in Separate Accounts 
Net Amount
at Risk
 
Weighted Average
Attained Age
(in millions, except age) (in millions, except age)
GMDB:GMDB:            GMDB:            
Return of premiumReturn of premium$59,779
 $57,840
 $36
 67 $55,810
 $53,872
 $417
 67Return of premium$55,082
 $53,129
 $611
 68 $62,909
 $60,967
 $5
 67
Five/six-year resetFive/six-year reset8,026
 5,296
 16
 67 7,670
 4,941
 112
 67Five/six-year reset6,920
 4,189
 205
 68 7,983
 5,263
 7
 67
One-year ratchetOne-year ratchet5,891
 5,545
 48
 70 5,560
 5,210
 417
 70One-year ratchet5,080
 4,740
 518
 70 5,935
 5,600
 7
 70
Five-year ratchetFive-year ratchet1,388
 1,331
 2
 66 1,307
 1,251
 23
 66Five-year ratchet1,195
 1,139
 46
 67 1,396
 1,340
 
 66
OtherOther1,113
 1,093
 84
 72 1,033
 1,014
 148
 72Other1,040
 1,022
 185
 73 1,192
 1,174
 65
 73
Total — GMDBTotal — GMDB$76,197
 $71,105
 $186
 67 $71,380
 $66,288
 $1,117
 67Total — GMDB$69,317
 $64,219
 $1,565
 68 $79,415
 $74,344
 $84
 67
                         
GGU death benefitGGU death benefit$1,058
 $1,006
 $119
 70 $992
 $940
 $112
 70GGU death benefit$955
 $899
 $107
 71 $1,115
 $1,063
 $133
 71
                         
GMIBGMIB$190
 $175
 $8
 70 $180
 $164
 $12
 69GMIB$150
 $136
 $18
 70 $186
 $172
 $6
 70
                         
GMWB:GMWB:            GMWB:            
GMWBGMWB$2,084
 $2,078
 $2
 72 $1,990
 $1,984
 $3
 72GMWB$1,691
 $1,685
 $6
 73 $1,999
 $1,993
 $1
 73
GMWB for lifeGMWB for life44,025
 43,936
 360
 68 40,966
 40,876
 742
 68GMWB for life41,357
 41,254
 1,230
 68 46,799
 46,691
 272
 68
Total — GMWBTotal — GMWB$46,109
 $46,014
 $362
 68 $42,956
 $42,860
 $745
 68Total — GMWB$43,048
 $42,939
 $1,236
 68 $48,798
 $48,684
 $273
 68
                         
GMABGMAB$2,571
 $2,565
 $2
 59 $2,456
 $2,450
 $24
 59GMAB$2,184
 $2,181
 $35
 60 $2,528
 $2,524
 $
 60
(1) 
Individual variable annuity contracts may have more than one guarantee and therefore may be included in more than one benefit type. Variable annuity contracts for which the death benefit equals the account value are not shown in this table.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


The net amount at risk for GMDB, GGU and GMAB is defined as the current guaranteed benefit amount in excess of the current contract value. The net amount at risk for GMIB is defined as the greater of the present value of the minimum guaranteed annuity payments less the current contract value or zero. The net amount at risk for GMWB is defined as the greater of the present value of the minimum guaranteed withdrawal payments less the current contract value or zero.
The following table provides information related to insurance guarantees for which the Company has established additional liabilities:
March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Net Amount
at Risk
 Weighted Average Attained AgeNet Amount
at Risk
 Weighted Average Attained AgeNet Amount at Risk Weighted Average Attained AgeNet Amount at Risk Weighted Average Attained Age
(in millions, except age)
UL secondary guarantees$6,496
 66 $6,513
 66$6,550
 67 $6,550
 67

The net amount at risk for UL secondary guarantees is defined as the current guaranteed death benefit amount in excess of the current policyholder account balance.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


Changes in additional liabilities (contra liabilities) for variable annuity and insurance guarantees were as follows:
GMDB & GGU GMIB 
GMWB (1)
 
GMAB (1)
 ULGMDB & GGU GMIB 
GMWB (1)
 
GMAB (1)
 UL
(in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2018$17
 $6
 $463
 $(80) $489
Incurred claims1
 
 (261) 4
 26
Paid claims(1) 
 
 
 (7)
Balance at March 31, 2018$17
 $6
 $202
 $(76) $508
         (in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2019$19
 $8
 $875
 $(19) $659
$19
 $8
 $875
 $(19) $659
Incurred claims
 (1) (104) (26) 34

 (1) (104) (26) 34
Paid claims(2) 
 
 
 (17)(2) 
 
 
 (17)
Balance at March 31, 2019$17
 $7
 $771
 $(45) $676
$17
 $7
 $771
 $(45) $676
         
Balance at January 1, 2020$16
 $7
 $1,462
 $(39) $758
Incurred claims5
 2
 2,437
 127
 32
Paid claims(2) 
 
 
 (12)
Balance at March 31, 2020$19
 $9
 $3,899
 $88
 $778

(1) The incurred claims for GMWB and GMAB include the change in the fair value of the liabilities (contra liabilities) less paid claims.
The liabilities for guaranteed benefits are supported by general account assets.
The following table summarizes the distribution of separate account balances by asset type for variable annuity contracts providing guaranteed benefits:
March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
March 31,
2020
 December 31,
2019
(in millions)
Mutual funds:      
Equity$42,976
 $39,764
$37,834
 $44,739
Bond22,622
 21,190
20,701
 23,374
Other5,748
 5,568
5,888
 6,471
Total mutual funds$71,346
 $66,522
$64,423
 $74,584

10.  

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


11.  Debt
The balances and the stated interest rates of outstanding debt of Ameriprise Financial were as follows: 
Outstanding Balance Stated Interest RateOutstanding Balance Stated Interest Rate
March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
March 31,
2020
 December 31,
2019
March 31,
2020
 December 31,
2019
(in millions)  (in millions)  
Long-term debt:              
Senior notes due 2019$300
 $300
 7.3% 7.3%
Senior notes due 2020750
 750
 5.3
 5.3
$
 $750
 % 5.3%
Senior notes due 2022500
 
 3.0
 
500
 500
 3.0
 3.0
Senior notes due 2023750
 750
 4.0
 4.0
750
 750
 4.0
 4.0
Senior notes due 2024550
 550
 3.7
 3.7
550
 550
 3.7
 3.7
Senior notes due 2026500
 500
 2.9
 2.9
500
 500
 2.9
 2.9
Finance lease liabilities55
 25
  
  54
 57
 N/A
 N/A
Other (1)
(11) (8)    (10) (10) N/A
 N/A
Total long-term debt3,394
 2,867
    2,344
 3,097
    
              
Short-term borrowings:              
Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances151
 151
 2.7
 2.6
200
 201
 1.4
 1.8
Repurchase agreements50
 50
 2.7
 2.6
Total short-term borrowings201
 201
  
  
Total$3,595
 $3,068
  
  
$2,544
 $3,298
  
  
(1)  Amounts include adjustments for fair value hedges on the Company’s long-term debt and unamortized discount and debt issuance costs. See Note 1314 for information on the Company’s fair value hedges.
Long-term Debt
On March 22, 2019,April 2, 2020, the Company issued $500 million of unsecured 3.0% senior notes due March 22, 2022April 2, 2025 and incurred debt issuance costs of $3$4 million. Interest payments are due semi-annually in arrears on March 22April 2 and September 22,October 2, commencing on September 22, 2019.October 2, 2020.
The Company repaid $750 million principal amount of its 5.3% senior notes at maturity on March 16, 2020.
Short-term Borrowings
The Company enters into repurchase agreements in exchange for cash, which it accounts for as secured borrowings and has pledged Available-for-Sale securities to collateralize its obligations under the repurchase agreements. As of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company has pledged $52 million of agency residential mortgage backed securities. The remaining maturity of outstanding repurchase agreements was less than four months as of March 31, 2019 and less than three months as of December 31, 2018. The stated interest rate of the repurchase agreements is a weighted average annualized interest rate on repurchase agreements held as of the balance sheet date.
The Company’s life insurance subsidiary is a memberand bank subsidiaries are members of the FHLB of Des Moines which provides access to collateralized borrowings. The Company has pledged Available-for-Sale securities consisting of commercial mortgage backed securities and residential mortgage backed securities as collateral to collateralize its obligation underaccess these borrowings. The fair value of the securities pledged is recorded in investments and was $803$989 million and $780$905 million, of commercial mortgage backed securities, and $466 million and $184 million, of residential mortgage backed securities, as of March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018,2019, respectively. The remaining maturity of outstanding FHLB advances was less than three months and less than two months as of both March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018.2019, respectively. The stated interest rate of the FHLB advances is a weighted average annualized interest rate on outstanding borrowings as of the balance sheet date.
On October 12, 2017, the Company entered into an amended and restated credit agreement that provides for an unsecured revolving credit facility of up to $750 million that expires in October 2022. Under the terms of the credit agreement for the facility, the Company may increase the amount of this facility up to $1.0 billion upon satisfaction of certain approval requirements. As of both March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018,2019, the Company had no0 borrowings outstanding and $1 million of letters of credit issued against the facility. The Company’s credit facility contains various administrative, reporting, legal and financial covenants. The Company was in compliance with all such covenants as of both March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018.2019.
11.  12.  Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities
GAAP defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date; that is, an exit price. The exit price assumes the asset or liability is not exchanged subject to a forced liquidation or distressed sale.
Valuation Hierarchy
The Company categorizes its fair value measurements according to a three-level hierarchy. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used by the Company’s valuation techniques. A level is assigned to each fair value measurement based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are defined as follows:
Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date.
Level 2 Prices or valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
Level 3 Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


The following tables present the balances of assets and liabilities of Ameriprise Financial measured at fair value on a recurring basis: 
March 31, 2019
  
March 31, 2020
  
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 TotalLevel 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
(in millions)
Assets                
Cash equivalents$199
 $2,656
 $
 $2,855
  
$2,680
 $4,520
 $
 $7,200
  
Available-for-Sale securities:                
Corporate debt securities
 12,091
 847
 12,938
  

 10,960
 734
 11,694
  
Residential mortgage backed securities
 6,264
 37
 6,301
  

 9,698
 17
 9,715
  
Commercial mortgage backed securities
 4,801
 
 4,801
  

 5,395
 
 5,395
  
Asset backed securities
 1,297
 6
 1,303
  

 2,067
 17
 2,084
  
State and municipal obligations
 1,424
 
 1,424
  

 1,330
 
 1,330
  
U.S. government and agency obligations1,710
 
 
 1,710
  
1,376
 
 
 1,376
  
Foreign government bonds and obligations
 287
 
 287
  

 252
 
 252
  
Total Available-for-Sale securities1,710
 26,164
 890
 28,764
  
1,376
 29,702
 768
 31,846
  
Equity securities
 1
 
 1
  
Equity securities at net asset value (“NAV”)      6
(1) 
Trading securities11
 44
 
 55
 
Investments at net asset value (“NAV”)      7
(1) 
Trading and other securities13
 21
 
 34
 
Separate account assets at NAV      83,571
(1) 
      75,305
(1) 
Investments and cash equivalents segregated for regulatory purposes232
 
 
 232
 25
 
 
 25
 
Other assets:                
Interest rate derivative contracts3
 933
 
 936
  
1
 3,096
 
 3,097
  
Equity derivative contracts84
 1,941
 
 2,025
  
662
 1,893
 
 2,555
  
Credit derivative contracts
 13
 
 13
 
Foreign exchange derivative contracts5
 46
 
 51
  
2
 40
 
 42
  
Total other assets92
 2,920
 
 3,012
  
665
 5,042
 
 5,707
  
Total assets at fair value$2,244
 $31,785
 $890
 $118,496
  
$4,759
 $39,285
 $768
 $120,124
  
Liabilities                
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims:                
Indexed annuity embedded derivatives$
 $3
 $23
 $26
  
Fixed deferred indexed annuity embedded derivatives$
 $2
 $33
 $35
  
IUL embedded derivatives
 
 745
 745
  

 
 725
 725
  
GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives
 
 180
 180
(2) 

 
 3,276
 3,276
(2) 
Structured annuity embedded derivatives
 
 (9) (9) 
Total policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims
 3
 948
 951
(3) 

 2
 4,025
 4,027
(3) 
Customer deposits
 13
 
 13
  

 5
 
 5
  
Other liabilities:                
Interest rate derivative contracts
 366
 
 366
  

 1,238
 
 1,238
  
Equity derivative contracts34
 2,591
 
 2,625
  
296
 1,944
 
 2,240
  
Credit derivative contracts
 21
 
 21
 
Foreign exchange derivative contracts1
 32
 
 33
 3
 16
 
 19
 
Other10
 7
 31
 48
  
3
 10
 42
 55
  
Total other liabilities45
 3,017
 31
 3,093
  
302
 3,208
 42
 3,552
  
Total liabilities at fair value$45
 $3,033
 $979
 $4,057
  
$302
 $3,215
 $4,067
 $7,584
  


AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


December 31, 2018
  
December 31, 2019
  
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 TotalLevel 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
(in millions)
Assets                
Cash equivalents$155
 $2,350
 $
 $2,505
  
$267
 $2,924
 $
 $3,191
  
Available-for-Sale securities:                
Corporate debt securities
 13,153
 913
 14,066
  

 11,437
 750
 12,187
  
Residential mortgage backed securities
 6,193
 136
 6,329
  

 10,012
 17
 10,029
  
Commercial mortgage backed securities
 4,857
 20
 4,877
  

 5,563
 
 5,563
  
Asset backed securities
 1,392
 6
 1,398
  

 1,987
 19
 2,006
  
State and municipal obligations
 2,345
 
 2,345
  

 1,367
 
 1,367
  
U.S. government and agency obligations1,745
 
 
 1,745
  
1,680
 
 
 1,680
  
Foreign government bonds and obligations
 298
 
 298
  

 271
 
 271
  
Other securities
 26
 
 26
 
Total Available-for-Sale securities1,745
 28,238
 1,075
 31,058
  
1,680
 30,663
 786
 33,129
  
Equity securities
 1
 
 1
 1
 
 
 1
 
Equity securities at NAV      6
(1) 
Trading securities36
 38
 
 74
  
Investments at NAV      6
(1) 
Trading and other securities12
 26
 
 38
  
Separate account assets at NAV      77,925
(1) 
      87,488
(1) 
Investments and cash equivalents segregated for regulatory purposes301
 
 
 301
 14
 
 
 14
 
Other assets:                
Interest rate derivative contracts
 796
 
 796
  

 1,455
 
 1,455
  
Equity derivative contracts191
 1,527
 
 1,718
  
162
 2,722
 
 2,884
  
Credit derivative contracts
 4
 
 4
 
Foreign exchange derivative contracts5
 55
 
 60
  
1
 17
 
 18
  
Total other assets196
 2,378
 
 2,574
  
163
 4,198
 
 4,361
  
Total assets at fair value$2,433
 $33,005
 $1,075
 $114,444
  
$2,137
 $37,811
 $786
 $128,228
  
 
Liabilities                
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims:                
Indexed annuity embedded derivatives$
 $3
 $14
 $17
  
Fixed deferred indexed annuity embedded derivatives$
 $3
 $43
 $46
  
IUL embedded derivatives
 
 628
 628
  

 
 881
 881
  
GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives
 
 328
 328
(4) 

 
 763
 763
(4) 
Total policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims
 3
 970
 973
(5) 

 3
 1,687
 1,690
(5) 
Customer deposits
 6
 
 6
  

 14
 
 14
  
Other liabilities:                
Interest rate derivative contracts
 424
 
 424
  

 418
 
 418
  
Equity derivative contracts78
 2,076
 
 2,154
  
36
 3,062
 
 3,098
  
Credit derivative contracts
 18
 
 18
 
Foreign exchange derivative contracts4
 31
 
 35
 1
 8
 
 9
 
Other13
 6
 30
 49
  
6
 4
 44
 54
  
Total other liabilities95
 2,555
 30
 2,680
  
43
 3,492
 44
 3,579
  
Total liabilities at fair value$95
 $2,564
 $1,000
 $3,659
  
$43
 $3,509
 $1,731
 $5,283
  
 
(1) Amounts are comprised of certain financial instruments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
(2) The fair value of the GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives included $557 million of individual contracts in a liability position and $377 million of individual contracts in an asset position as of March 31, 2019.
(1)
Amounts are comprised of certain financial instruments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
(2)
The fair value of the GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives included $3.3 billion of individual contracts in a liability position and $12 million of individual contracts in an asset position as of March 31, 2020.
(3) 
The Company’s adjustment for nonperformance risk resulted in a $(536) million$(2.7) billion cumulative increase (decrease) to the embedded derivatives as of March 31, 2019.2020.
(4) 
The fair value of the GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives included $646$981 million of individual contracts in a liability position and $318$218 million of individual contracts in an asset position as of December 31, 2018.2019.
(5) 
The Company’s adjustment for nonperformance risk resulted in a $(726)$(502) million cumulative increase (decrease) to the embedded derivatives as of December 31, 2018.2019.


AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


The following tables provide a summary of changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities of Ameriprise Financial measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
 Available-for-Sale Securities 
Corporate Debt Securities Residential Mortgage Backed Securities Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities Asset Backed Securities Total
(in millions) 
Balance, January 1, 2019$913
 $136
 $20
 $6
 $1,075
 
Total gains (losses) included in:          
Other comprehensive income15
 
 
 
 15
 
Settlements(81) (4) 
 
 (85) 
Transfers out of Level 3
 (95) (20) 
 (115) 
Balance, March 31, 2019$847
 $37
 $
 $6
 $890
 
           
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets held at March 31, 2019$
 $
 $
 $
 $
 
 
 Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims Other Liabilities 
Indexed Annuity Embedded Derivatives IUL Embedded Derivatives GMWB and GMAB Embedded Derivatives Total
(in millions) 
Balance, January 1, 2019$14
 $628
 $328
 $970
 $30
 
Total (gains) losses included in:          
Net income2
(1) 
98
(1) 
(230)
(2) 
(130) 1
(3) 
Issues7
 36
 84
 127
 
 
Settlements
 (17) (2) (19) 
 
Balance, March 31, 2019$23
 $745
 $180
 $948
 $31
 
           
Changes in unrealized (gains) losses relating to liabilities held at March 31, 2019$
 $98
(1) 
$(230)
(2) 
$(132) $
 
 
 Available-for-Sale Securities 
Corporate Debt Securities Residential Mortgage Backed Securities Asset Backed Securities Total
(in millions)
Balance, January 1, 2018$1,139
 $155
 $7
 $1,301
 
Total gains (losses) included in:        
Net income(1) 
 
 (1)
(4) 
Other comprehensive loss(14) (2) 
 (16) 
Purchases
 
 10
 10
 
Settlements(29) (7) 
 (36) 
Balance, March 31, 2018$1,095
 $146
 $17
 $1,258
 
 

 

 

 

 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets held at March 31, 2018$(1) $
 $
 $(1)
(4) 
 

 Available-for-Sale Securities 
Corporate Debt Securities Residential Mortgage Backed Securities Asset Backed Securities Total
(in millions) 
Balance, January 1, 2020$750
 $17
 $19
 $786
 
Total gains (losses) included in:        
Net income
 
 (1) (1)
(1) 
Other comprehensive income (loss)(6) 
 (1) (7) 
Purchases5
 
 
 5
 
Settlements(15) 
 
 (15) 
Balance, March 31, 2020$734
 $17
 $17
 $768
 
         
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) in net income relating to assets held at March 31, 2020$
 $
 $(1) $(1)
(1) 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) in other comprehensive income (loss) relating to assets held at March 31, 2020$(6) $
 $(1) $(7) 
 Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims Other Liabilities 
Fixed Deferred Indexed Annuity Embedded Derivatives IUL Embedded Derivatives GMWB and GMAB Embedded Derivatives Structured Annuity Embedded Derivatives Total
(in millions) 
Balance, January 1, 2020$43
 $881
 $763
 $
 $1,687
 $44
 
Total (gains) losses included in:            
Net income(12)
(2) 
(145)
(2) 
2,420
(3) 
(3)
(3) 
2,260
 (2)
(4) 
Issues2
 8
 88
 (6) 92
 2
 
Settlements
 (19) 5
 
 (14) (2) 
Balance, March 31, 2020$33
 $725
 $3,276
 $(9) $4,025
 $42
 
             
Changes in unrealized (gains) losses in net income relating to liabilities held at March 31, 2020$
 $(145)
(2) 
$2,423
(3) 
$
 $2,278
 $
 
 Available-for-Sale Securities 
Corporate Debt Securities Residential Mortgage Backed Securities Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities Asset Backed Securities Total
(in millions)
Balance, January 1, 2019$913
 $136
 $20
 $6
 $1,075
 
Total gains (losses) included in:          
Other comprehensive income (loss)15
 
 
 
 15
 
Settlements(81) (4) 
 
 (85) 
Transfers out of Level 3
 (95) (20) 
 (115) 
Balance, March 31, 2019$847
 $37
 $
 $6
 $890
 
           
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) in net income relating to assets held at March 31, 2019$
 $
 $
 $
 $
 

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


 Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims Other Liabilities 
Indexed Annuity Embedded Derivatives IUL Embedded Derivatives GMWB and GMAB Embedded Derivatives Total
(in millions) 
Balance, January 1, 2018$
 $601
 $(49) $552
 $28
 
Total (gains) losses included in:          
Net income
 (25)
(1) 
(356)
(2) 
(381) 
 
Issues3
 20
 83
 106
 
 
Settlements
 (11) (7) (18) 
 
Balance, March 31, 2018$3
 $585
 $(329) $259
 $28
 
           
Changes in unrealized (gains) losses relating to liabilities held at March 31, 2018$
 $(25)
(1) 
$(348)
(2) 
$(373) $
 
 Policyholder Account Balances,
Future Policy Benefits and Claims
 Other Liabilities 
Fixed Deferred Indexed Annuity Embedded Derivatives IUL Embedded Derivatives GMWB and GMAB Embedded Derivatives Total
(in millions) 
Balance, January 1, 2019$14
 $628
 $328
 $970
 $30
 
Total (gains) losses included in:          
Net income2
(2) 
98
(2) 
(230)
(3) 
(130) 1
(4) 
Issues7
 36
 84
 127
 
 
Settlements
 (17) (2) (19) 
 
Balance, March 31, 2019$23
 $745
 $180
 $948
 $31
 
           
Changes in unrealized (gains) losses in net income relating to liabilities held at March 31, 2019$
 $98
(2) 
$(230)
(3) 
$(132) $
 

(1)
 Included in net investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(1)(2) Included in interest credited to fixed accounts in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(2)(3) Included in benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(3)(4) Included in general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(4) Included in net investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The increase (decrease) to pretax income of the Company’s adjustment for nonperformance risk on the fair value of its embedded derivatives was $(158) million$1.8 billion and $33$(158) million, net of DAC, DSIC, unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, and 2018, respectively.
Securities transferred from Level 3 primarily represent securities with fair values that are now obtained from a third-party pricing service with observable inputs.
The following tables provide a summary of the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements developed by the Company or reasonably available to the Company of Level 3 assets and liabilities:
March 31, 2019March 31, 2020
Fair
Value
Valuation TechniqueUnobservable InputRange Weighted Average
Fair
Value
Valuation TechniqueUnobservable Input Range Weighted Average
(in millions)
Corporate debt securities (private placements)$846 Discounted cash flowYield/spread to U.S. Treasuries0.8%2.8%1.3%$733 Discounted cash flow
Yield/spread to U.S. Treasuries (1)
1.8%6.0%2.8%
Asset backed securities$6 Discounted cash flowAnnual short-term default rate2.8% $3 Discounted cash flowAnnual short-term default rate8.0%8.0%
  Annual long-term default rate2.5%   
Annual long-term default rate (2)
3.0%3.5%3.1%
  Discount rate11.5%   Discount rate20.0%20.0%
  Constant prepayment rate5.0%10.0%10.0%  Constant prepayment rate10.0%10.0%
  Loss recovery36.4%63.6%63.6%  Loss recovery63.6%63.6%
IUL embedded derivatives$745 Discounted cash flow
Nonperformance risk (1)
85 bps $725 Discounted cash flow
Nonperformance risk (3)
210 bps210 bps
Indexed annuity embedded derivatives$23 Discounted cash flowSurrender rate0.0%50.0% 
Fixed deferred indexed annuity embedded derivatives$33 Discounted cash flow
Surrender rate (4)
0.0%50.0%1.4%
   
Nonperformance risk (1)
85 bps    
Nonperformance risk (3)
210 bps210 bps
GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives$180 Discounted cash flow
Utilization of guaranteed withdrawals (2)
0.0%36.0% $3,276 Discounted cash flow
Utilization of guaranteed withdrawals (5) (6)
0.0%36.0%10.8%
   Surrender rate0.1%73.4%    
Surrender rate (4)
0.1%73.5%3.4%
   
Market volatility (3)
3.9%15.4%    
Market volatility (7) (8)
4.8%19.2%12.6%
   
Nonperformance risk (1)
85 bps    
Nonperformance risk (3)
210 bps210 bps
Structured annuity embedded derivatives$(9)Discounted cash flow
Surrender rate (4)
0.8%40.0%0.9%
  
Nonperformance risk (3)
210 bps210 bps
Contingent consideration liabilities$31 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate9.0% $42 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate9.0%9.0%

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


December 31, 2018December 31, 2019
Fair
Value
Valuation TechniqueUnobservable InputRange Weighted Average
Fair
Value
Valuation TechniqueUnobservable InputRange Weighted Average
(in millions)
Corporate debt securities (private placements)$912 Discounted cash flowYield/spread to U.S. Treasuries1.0%3.6%1.5%$749 Discounted cash flowYield/spread to U.S. Treasuries0.8%2.8%1.2%
Asset backed securities$6 Discounted cash flowAnnual short-term default rate2.3% $5 Discounted cash flowAnnual short-term default rate3.3% 
  Annual long-term default rate2.5%3.0%2.9%  Annual long-term default rate3.0% 
  Discount rate11.5%   Discount rate12.0% 
  Constant prepayment rate5.0%10.0%10.0%  Constant prepayment rate5.0%10.0%10.0%
  Loss recovery36.4%63.6%63.6%  Loss recovery36.4%63.6%63.6%
IUL embedded derivatives$628 Discounted cash flow
Nonperformance risk (1)
119 bps $881 Discounted cash flow
Nonperformance risk (3)
65 bps 
Indexed annuity embedded derivatives$14 Discounted cash flowSurrender rate0.0%50.0% 
Fixed deferred indexed annuity embedded derivatives$43 Discounted cash flowSurrender rate0.0%50.0% 
  
Nonperformance risk (1)
119 bps   
Nonperformance risk (3)
65 bps 
GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives$328 Discounted cash flow
Utilization of guaranteed withdrawals (2)
0.0%36.0% $763 Discounted cash flow
Utilization of guaranteed withdrawals (5)
0.0%36.0% 
  Surrender rate0.1%73.4%   Surrender rate0.1%73.5% 
   
Market volatility (3)
4.0%16.1%    
Market volatility (7)
3.7%15.9% 
   
Nonperformance risk (1)
119 bps    
Nonperformance risk (3)
65 bps 
Contingent consideration liabilities$30 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate9.0% $44 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate9.0% 
(1) The weighted average spread to U.S. Treasuries for corporate debt securities (private placements) is weighted based on the security’s market value as a percentage of the aggregate market value of the securities.
(2) The weighted average annual long-term default rate of asset backed securities is weighted based on the security’s market value as a percentage of the aggregate market value of the securities.
(1)(3) 
The nonperformance risk is the spread added to the observable interest rates used in the valuation of the embedded derivatives.
(4) The weighted average surrender rate is weighted based on the benefit base of each contract and represents the average assumption in the current year including the effect of a dynamic surrender formula.
(2)(5) 
The utilization of guaranteed withdrawals represents the percentage of contractholders that will begin withdrawing in any given year.
(3)(6)
The weighted average utilization rate represents the average assumption for the current year, weighting each policy evenly. The calculation excludes policies that have already started taking withdrawals.
(7) 
Market volatility is implied volatility of fund of funds and managed volatility funds.
(8)
The weighted average market volatility represents the average volatility across all contracts, weighted by the size of the guaranteed benefit.
Level 3 measurements not included in the table above are obtained from non-binding broker quotes where unobservable inputs utilized in the fair value calculation are not reasonably available to the Company.
Uncertainty of Fair Value Measurements
Significant increases (decreases) in the yield/spread to U.S. Treasuries used in the fair value measurement of Level 3 corporate debt securities in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
Significant increases (decreases) in the annual default rate and discount rate used in the fair value measurement of Level 3 asset backed securities in isolation, generally, would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement and significant increases (decreases) in loss recovery in isolation would have resulted in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.
Significant increases (decreases) in the constant prepayment rate in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
Significant increases (decreases) in nonperformance risk used in the fair value measurement of the IUL embedded derivatives in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
Significant increases (decreases) in nonperformance risk and surrender rate used in the fair value measurementmeasurements of the fixed deferred indexed annuity embedded derivatives and structured annuity embedded derivatives in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) liability value.
Significant increases (decreases) in utilization and volatility used in the fair value measurement of the GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives in isolation would have resulted in a significantly higher (lower) liability value.
Significant increases (decreases) in nonperformance risk and surrender rate used in the fair value measurement of the GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) liability value. Utilization of

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


guaranteed withdrawals and surrender rates vary with the type of rider, the duration of the policy, the age of the contractholder, the distribution channel and whether the value of the guaranteed benefit exceeds the contract accumulation value.
Significant increases (decreases) in the discount rate used in the fair value measurement of the contingent consideration liability in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


Determination of Fair Value
The Company uses valuation techniques consistent with the market and income approaches to measure the fair value of its assets and liabilities. The Company’s market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The Company’s income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future projected cash flows to a single discounted present value amount. When applying either approach, the Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs.
The following is a description of the valuation techniques used to measure fair value and the general classification of these instruments pursuant to the fair value hierarchy.
Assets
Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents include time deposits and other highly liquid investments with original or remaining maturities at the time of purchase of 90 days or less. Actively traded money market funds are measured at their NAV and classified as Level 1. U.S. Treasuries are also classified as Level 1. The Company’s remaining cash equivalents are classified as Level 2 and measured at amortized cost, which is a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the short time between the purchase of the instrument and its expected realization.
Investments (Available-for-Sale Securities, Equity Securities and Trading Securities)
When available, the fair value of securities is based on quoted prices in active markets. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are obtained from third-party pricing services, non-binding broker quotes, or other model-based valuation techniques.
Level 1 securities primarily include U.S. Treasuries.
Level 2 securities primarily include corporate bonds, residential mortgage backed securities, commercial mortgage backed securities, asset backed securities, state and municipal obligations and foreign government securities. The fair value of these Level 2 securities is based on a market approach with prices obtained from third-party pricing services. Observable inputs used to value these securities can include, but are not limited to, reported trades, benchmark yields, issuer spreads and non-binding broker quotes.
Level 3 securities primarily include certain corporate bonds, non-agency residential mortgage backed securities, commercial mortgage backed securities and asset backed securities. The fair value of corporate bonds, non-agency residential mortgage backed securities, commercial mortgage backed securities and certain asset backed securities classified as Level 3 is typically based on a single non-binding broker quote. The underlying inputs used for some of the non-binding broker quotes are not readily available to the Company. The Company’s privately placed corporate bonds are typically based on a single non-binding broker quote. The fair value of certain asset backed securities is determined using a discounted cash flow model. Inputs used to determine the expected cash flows include assumptions about discount rates and default, prepayment and recovery rates of the underlying assets. Given the significance of the unobservable inputs to this fair value measurement, the fair value of the investment in certain asset backed securities is classified as Level 3.
In consideration of the above, management is responsible for the fair values recorded on the financial statements. Prices received from third-party pricing services are subjected to exception reporting that identifies investments with significant daily price movements as well as no movements. The Company reviews the exception reporting and resolves the exceptions through reaffirmation of the price or recording an appropriate fair value estimate. The Company also performs subsequent transaction testing. The Company performs annual due diligence of third-party pricing services. The Company’s due diligence procedures include assessing the vendor’s valuation qualifications, control environment, analysis of asset-class specific valuation methodologies, and understanding of sources of market observable assumptions and unobservable assumptions, if any, employed in the valuation methodology. The Company also considers the results of its exception reporting controls and any resulting price challenges that arise.
Separate Account Assets
The fair value of assets held by separate accounts is determined by the NAV of the funds in which those separate accounts are invested. The NAV is used as a practical expedient for fair value and represents the exit price for the separate account assets.account. Separate account assets are excluded from classification in the fair value hierarchy.
Investments and Cash Equivalents Segregated for Regulatory Purposes
Investments and cash equivalents segregated for regulatory purposes includes U.S. Treasuries that are classified as Level 1.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


Other Assets
Derivatives that are measured using quoted prices in active markets, such as foreign currency forwards, or derivatives that are exchange-traded are classified as Level 1 measurements. The variation margin on futures contracts is also classified as Level 1. The fair value of derivatives that are traded in less active over-the-counter (“OTC”) markets is generally measured using pricing models with market observable inputs such as interest rates and equity index levels. These measurements are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy and include swaps, foreign currency forwards and the majority of options. The counterparties’ nonperformance risk associated with

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


uncollateralized derivative assets was immaterial as of both March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 20182019. See Note 1213 and Note 1314 for further information on the credit risk of derivative instruments and related collateral.
Liabilities
Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims
There is no active market for the transfer of the Company’s embedded derivatives attributable to the provisions of certain variable annuity riders, fixed deferred index annuity, structured annuity and IUL products.
The Company values the embedded derivatives attributable to the provisions of certain variable annuity riders using internal valuation models. These models calculate fair value by discountingas the present value of future expected cash flows from benefits plus margins for profit, risk and expensesbenefit payments less the present value of future expected rider fees attributable to the embedded derivative fees.feature. The projected cash flows used by these models include observable capital market assumptions and incorporate significant unobservable inputs related to implied volatility as well as contractholder behavior assumptions implied volatility, andthat include margins for risk, profit and expenses thatall of which the Company believes an exita market participant would expect.incorporate into an exit price. The fair value also reflects a current estimate of the Company’s nonperformance risk specific to these embedded derivatives. Given the significant unobservable inputs to this valuation, these measurements are classified as Level 3. The embedded derivatives attributable to these provisions are recorded in policyholder accountaccount balances, future policy benefits and claims.
The Company uses various Black-Scholes calculations to determine the fair value of the embedded derivatives associated with the provisions of its fixed index annuity and IUL products. The Company uses a discounted cash flow model to determine the fair value of the embedded derivatives associated with the provisions of its equity index annuity product. The projected cash flows generated by this model are based on significant observable inputs related to interest rates, volatilities and equity index levels and, therefore, are classified as Level 2.
The Company uses discounted cash flow models including Black-Scholes calculations to determine the fair value of the embedded derivatives associated with the provisions of its fixed index annuity, structured annuity and IUL products. The structured annuity product is a limited flexible purchase payment annuity that offers 45 different indexed account options providing equity market exposure and a fixed account. Each indexed account includes a protection option (a buffer or a floor). If the index has a negative return, contractholder losses will be reduced by buffer or limited to a floor. The portion allocated to an indexed account is accounted for as an embedded derivative. The fair value of fixed index annuity, structured annuity and IUL embedded derivatives includes significant observable interest rates, volatilities and equity index levels and the significant unobservable estimate of the Company’s nonperformance risk. Given the significance of the nonperformance risk assumption to the fair value, the fixed index annuity, structured annuity and IUL embedded derivatives are classified as Level 3.
The embedded derivatives attributable to these provisions are recorded in policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims.
Customer Deposits
The Company uses various Black-Scholes calculations to determine the fair value of the embedded derivative liability associated with the provisions of its stock market certificates (“SMC”). The inputs to these calculations are primarily market observable and include interest rates, volatilities and equity index levels. As a result, these measurements are classified as Level 2.
Other Liabilities
Derivatives that are measured using quoted prices in active markets, such as foreign currency forwards, or derivatives that are exchange-traded are classified as Level 1 measurements. The variation margin on futures contracts is also classified as Level 1. The fair value of derivatives that are traded in less active OTC markets is generally measured using pricing models with market observable inputs such as interest rates and equity index levels. These measurements are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy and include swaps, foreign currency forwards and the majority of options. The Company’s nonperformance risk associated with uncollateralized derivative liabilities was immaterial as of both March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018.2019. See Note 1213 and Note 1314 for further information on the credit risk of derivative instruments and related collateral.
Securities sold but not yet purchased include highly liquid investments whichrepresent obligations of the Company to deliver specified securities that it does not yet own, creating a liability to purchase the security in the market at prevailing prices. When available, the fair value of securities is based on quoted prices in active markets. If quoted prices are short-term in nature. Securitiesnot available, fair values are obtained from nationally-recognized pricing services, or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of cash flows. Level 1 securities sold but not yet purchased are measured using amortized cost, which is a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the short time between the purchase of the instrument and its expected realization and are classified asprimarily include U.S Treasuries traded in active markets. Level 2.2 securities sold but not yet purchased primarily include corporate bonds.
Contingent consideration liabilities consist of earn-outs and/or deferred payments related to the Company’s acquisitions. Contingent consideration liabilities are recorded at fair value using a discounted cash flow model under multiple scenarios and an unobservable

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


input (discount rate). Given the use of a significant unobservable input, the fair value of contingent consideration liabilities is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.
Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
The Company assesses its investment in affordable housing partnerships for other-than-temporary impairment. The investments that are determined to be OTTIimpaired are written down to their fair value. The Company uses a discounted cash flow model to measure the fair value of these investments. Inputs to the discounted cash flow model are estimates of future net operating losses and tax credits available to the Company and discount rates based on market condition and the financial strength of the syndicator (general partner). The balance of affordable housing partnerships measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis was $104$130 million and $112$158 million as of March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 20182019, respectively, and is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


Asset and Liabilities Not Reported at Fair Value
The following tables provide the carrying value and the estimated fair value of financial instruments that are not reported at fair value:
March 31, 2019 March 31, 2020 
Carrying Value Fair ValueCarrying Value Fair Value
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 TotalLevel 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
(in millions)
Financial Assets                    
Mortgage loans, net$2,644
 $
 $
 $2,657
 $2,657
 $2,779
 $
 $
 $2,743
 $2,743
 
Policy and certificate loans854
 
 
 802
 802
 
Policy loans869
 
 
 810
 810
 
Receivables3,209
 86
 958
 2,125
 3,169
 3,104
 100
 862
 2,044
 3,006
 
Restricted and segregated cash2,332
 2,332
 
 
 2,332
 2,823
 2,823
 
 
 2,823
 
Other investments and assets590
 
 522
 61
 583
 680
 
 467
 159
 626
 
                    
Financial Liabilities                    
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims$9,456
 $
 $
 $9,867
 $9,867
 $9,075
 $
 $
 $9,884
 $9,884
 
Investment certificate reserves8,126
 
 
 8,099
 8,099
 7,331
 
 
 7,315
 7,315
 
Brokerage customer deposits3,397
 3,397
 
 
 3,397
 
Separate account liabilities at NAV5,098
       5,098
(1) 
Banking and brokerage deposits9,678
 9,678
 
 
 9,678
 
Separate account liabilities — investment contracts4,731
 
 4,731
 
 4,731
 
Debt and other liabilities3,695
 105
 3,617
 40
 3,762
 2,644
 129
 2,569
 16
 2,714
 
 December 31, 2019 
Carrying Value Fair Value
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
(in millions)
Financial Assets          
Mortgage loans, net$2,778
 $
 $
 $2,833
 $2,833
 
Policy loans868
 
 
 810
 810
 
Receivables3,168
 102
 934
 2,229
 3,265
 
Restricted and segregated cash2,372
 2,372
 
 
 2,372
 
Other investments and assets671
 
 626
 46
 672
 
           
Financial Liabilities          
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims$9,110
 $
 $
 $10,061
 $10,061
 
Investment certificate reserves7,508
 
 
 7,497
 7,497
 
Banking and brokerage deposits6,929
 6,929
 
 
 6,929
 
Separate account liabilities — investment contracts5,403
 
 5,403
 
 5,403
 
Debt and other liabilities3,374
 104
 3,372
 21
 3,497
 
 December 31, 2018 
Carrying Value Fair Value
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
(in millions)
Financial Assets          
Mortgage loans, net$2,696
 $
 $
 $2,661
 $2,661
 
Policy and certificate loans861
 
 
 810
 810
 
Receivables1,677
 179
 965
 489
 1,633
 
Restricted and segregated cash2,609
 2,609
 
 
 2,609
 
Other investments and assets572
 
 491
 60
 551
 
           
Financial Liabilities          
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims$9,609
 $
 $
 $9,672
 $9,672
 
Investment certificate reserves7,886
 
 
 7,845
 7,845
 
Brokerage customer deposits3,660
 3,660
 
 
 3,660
 
Separate account liabilities at NAV4,843
       4,843
(1) 
Debt and other liabilities3,296
 188
 3,059
 57
 3,304
 
(1) Amounts are comprised of certain financial instruments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
Receivables include the reinsurance deposit receivable, brokerage margin loans, securities borrowed and loans to financial advisors. Restricted and segregated cash includes cash segregated under federal and other regulations held in special reserve bank accounts for the exclusive benefit of the Company’s brokerage customers. Other investments and assets primarily include syndicated loans, credit card receivables, certificate of deposits with original or remaining maturities at the time of purchase of more than 90 days, the Company’s

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


membership in the FHLB and investments related to the Community Reinvestment Act. See Note 67 for additional information on mortgage loans, policy loans, certificate loans, syndicated loans, credit card receivables and the reinsurance deposit receivable.
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefit and claims include fixed annuities in deferral status, non-life contingent fixed annuities in payout status, indexed annuity host contracts and the fixed portion of a small number of variable annuity contracts classified as investment contracts. See Note 89 for additional information on these liabilities. Investment certificate reserves represent customer deposits for fixed rate certificates and stock market certificates. Brokerage customerBanking and brokerage deposits are amounts payable to

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


brokerage customers related to free credit balances, funds deposited by customers and funds accruing to customers as a result of trades or contracts. Separate account liabilities are primarily relate to investment contracts in pooled pension funds offered by Threadneedle. Debt and other liabilities include the Company’s long-term debt, short-term borrowings, securities loaned and future funding commitments to affordable housing partnerships and other real estate partnerships. See Note 1011 for further information on the Company’s long-term debt and short-term borrowings.
12.  13.  Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
Certain financial instruments and derivative instruments are eligible for offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s derivative instruments repurchase agreements and securities borrowing and lending agreements are subject to master netting and collateral arrangements and qualify for offset. A master netting arrangement with a counterparty creates a right of offset for amounts due to and from that same counterparty that is enforceable in the event of a default or bankruptcy. Securities borrowed and loaned result from transactions between the Company’s broker dealer subsidiary and other financial institutions and are recorded at the amount of cash collateral advanced or received. Securities borrowed and securities loaned are primarily equity securities. The Company’s securities borrowed and securities loaned transactions generally do not have a fixed maturity date and may be terminated by either party under customary terms.
The Company’s policy is to recognize amounts subject to master netting arrangements on a gross basis in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The following tables present the gross and net information about the Company’s assets subject to master netting arrangements:
March 31, 2019March 31, 2020
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Amounts of Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Gross Amounts Not Offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 Net AmountGross Amounts of Recognized Assets Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Amounts of Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Gross Amounts Not Offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 Net Amount
Financial Instruments (1)
 Cash Collateral Securities Collateral
Financial Instruments (1)
 Cash Collateral Securities Collateral
(in millions)
Derivatives:                          
OTC$2,959
 $
 $2,959
 $(2,339) $(573) $(36) $11
$5,145
 $
 $5,145
 $(2,860) $(2,011) $(272) $2
OTC cleared31
 
 31
 (29) 
 
 2
96
 
 96
 (96) 
 
 
Exchange-traded22
 
 22
 (2) 
 
 20
466
 
 466
 (26) (1) 
 439
Total derivatives3,012
 
 3,012
 (2,370) (573) (36) 33
5,707
 
 5,707
 (2,982) (2,012) (272) 441
Securities borrowed86
 
 86
 (14) 
 (71) 1
100
 
 100
 (22) 
 (76) 2
Total$3,098
 $
 $3,098
 $(2,384) $(573) $(107) $34
$5,807
 $
 $5,807
 $(3,004) $(2,012) $(348) $443
December 31, 2018December 31, 2019
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Amounts of Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Gross Amounts Not Offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 Net AmountGross Amounts of Recognized Assets Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Amounts of Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Gross Amounts Not Offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 Net Amount
Financial Instruments (1)
 Cash Collateral Securities Collateral
Financial Instruments (1)
 Cash Collateral Securities Collateral
(in millions)
Derivatives:                          
OTC$2,525
 $
 $2,525
 $(2,075) $(403) $(26) $21
$4,258
 $
 $4,258
 $(2,933) $(1,244) $(73) $8
OTC cleared34
 
 34
 (23) 
 
 11
21
 
 21
 (21) 
 
 
Exchange-traded15
 
 15
 (1) 
 
 14
82
 
 82
 (5) 
 
 77
Total derivatives2,574
 
 2,574
 (2,099) (403) (26) 46
4,361
 
 4,361
 (2,959) (1,244) (73) 85
Securities borrowed179
 
 179
 (37) 
 (139) 3
102
 
 102
 (14) 
 (85) 3
Total$2,753
 $
 $2,753
 $(2,136) $(403) $(165) $49
$4,463
 $
 $4,463
 $(2,973) $(1,244) $(158) $88
(1) Represents the amount of assets that could be offset by liabilities with the same counterparty under master netting or similar arrangements that management elects not to offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


The following tables present the gross and net information about the Company’s liabilities subject to master netting arrangements:
March 31, 2019March 31, 2020
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities Gross Amounts Offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Gross Amounts Not Offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 Net AmountGross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities Gross Amounts Offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Gross Amounts Not Offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 Net Amount
Financial Instruments (1)
 Cash Collateral Securities Collateral
Financial Instruments (1)
 Cash Collateral Securities Collateral
(in millions)
Derivatives:                          
OTC$3,001
 $
 $3,001
 $(2,339) $(50) $(612) $
$3,248
 $
 $3,248
 $(2,860) $(8) $(348) $32
OTC cleared37
 
 37
 (29) 
 
 8
212
 
 212
 (96) 
 
 116
Exchange-traded7
 
 7
 (2) 
 
 5
37
 
 37
 (26) 
 
 11
Total derivatives3,045
 
 3,045
 (2,370) (50) (612) 13
3,497
 
 3,497
 (2,982) (8) (348) 159
Securities loaned105
 
 105
 (14) 
 (88) 3
129
 
 129
 (22) 
 (102) 5
Repurchase agreements50
 
 50
 
 
 (50) 
Total$3,200
 $
 $3,200
 $(2,384) $(50) $(750) $16
$3,626
 $
 $3,626
 $(3,004) $(8) $(450) $164
December 31, 2018December 31, 2019
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets
 Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Gross Amounts Not Offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 Net AmountGross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities Gross Amounts Offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Gross Amounts Not Offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 Net Amount
Financial Instruments (1)
 Cash Collateral Securities Collateral
Financial Instruments (1)
 Cash Collateral Securities Collateral
(in millions)
Derivatives:                          
OTC$2,597
 $
 $2,597
 $(2,075) $(89) $(430) $3
$3,473
 $
 $3,473
 $(2,933) $
 $(540) $
OTC cleared24
 
 24
 (23) 
 
 1
41
 
 41
 (21) 
 
 20
Exchange-traded10
 
 10
 (1) 
 
 9
11
 
 11
 (5) 
 
 6
Total derivatives2,631
 
 2,631
 (2,099) (89) (430) 13
3,525
 
 3,525
 (2,959) 
 (540) 26
Securities loaned188
 
 188
 (37) 
 (146) 5
104
 
 104
 (14) 
 (87) 3
Repurchase agreements50
 
 50
 
 
 (50) 
Total$2,869
 $
 $2,869
 $(2,136) $(89) $(626) $18
$3,629
 $
 $3,629
 $(2,973) $
 $(627) $29
(1) Represents the amount of liabilities that could be offset by assets with the same counterparty under master netting or similar arrangements that management elects not to offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
In the tables above, the amount of assets or liabilities presented are offset first by financial instruments that have the right of offset under master netting or similar arrangements, then any remaining amount is reduced by the amount of cash and securities collateral. The actual collateral may be greater than amounts presented in the tables.
When the fair value of collateral accepted by the Company is less than the amount due to the Company, there is a risk of loss if the counterparty fails to perform or provide additional collateral. To mitigate this risk, the Company monitors collateral values regularly and requires additional collateral when necessary. When the value of collateral pledged by the Company declines, it may be required to post additional collateral.
Freestanding derivative instruments are reflected in other assets and other liabilities. Cash collateral pledged by the Company is reflected in other assets and cash collateral accepted by the Company is reflected in other liabilities. Repurchase agreements are reflected in short-term borrowings. Securities borrowing and lending agreements are reflected in receivables and other liabilities, respectively. See Note 1314 for additional disclosures related to the Company’s derivative instruments Note 10 for additional disclosures related to the Company’s repurchase agreements and Note 45 for information related to derivatives held by consolidated investment entities.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


13.  14.  Derivatives and Hedging Activities
Derivative instruments enable the Company to manage its exposure to various market risks. The value of such instruments is derived from an underlying variable or multiple variables, including equity, foreign exchange and interest rate indices or prices. The Company primarily enters into derivative agreements for risk management purposes related to the Company’s products and operations.
TheCertain of the Company’s freestanding derivative instruments are all subject to master netting arrangements. The Company’s policy on the recognition of derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheets is to not offset fair value amounts recognized for derivatives and collateral arrangements executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting arrangement. See Note 1213 for additional information regarding the estimated fair value of the Company’s freestanding derivatives after considering the effect of master netting arrangements and collateral.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


The Company uses derivatives as economic hedges and accounting hedges. The following table presents the notional value and gross fair value of derivative instruments, including embedded derivatives:
March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Notional Gross Fair ValueNotional Gross Fair ValueNotional Gross Fair ValueNotional Gross Fair Value
Assets (1)
 
Liabilities (2)(3)
Assets (1)
  
Liabilities (2)(3)
Assets (1)
 
Liabilities (2)(3)
Assets (1)
  
Liabilities (2)(3)
(in millions)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments                  
Interest rate contracts – fair value hedges$675
 $6
 $
 $675
 $7
 $
$
 $
 $
 $375
 $3
 $
Foreign exchange contracts – net investment hedges69
 
 
 103
 1
 
65
 3
 
 93
 
 3
Total qualifying hedges744
 6
 
 778
 8
 
65
 3
 
 468
 3
 3
                      
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments                      
Interest rate contracts59,421
 930
 366
 58,244
 789
 424
69,238
 3,097
 1,238
 57,979
 1,452
 418
Equity contracts53,748
 2,025
 2,625
 54,079
 1,718
 2,154
57,452
 2,555
 2,240
 61,921
 2,884
 3,098
Credit contracts1,507
 
 21
 1,209
 
 18
1,681
 13
 
 1,419
 4
 
Foreign exchange contracts4,993
 51
 33
 4,908
 59
 35
4,414
 39
 19
 3,412
 18
 6
Other contracts2
 
 
 2
 
 

 
 
 1
 
 
Total non-designated hedges119,671
 3,006
 3,045
 118,442
 2,566
 2,631
132,785
 5,704
 3,497
 124,732
 4,358
 3,522
                      
Embedded derivatives                      
GMWB and GMAB (4)
N/A
 
 180
 N/A
 
 328
N/A
 
 3,276
 N/A
 
 763
IULN/A
 
 745
 N/A
 
 628
N/A
 
 725
 N/A
 
 881
Indexed annuitiesN/A
 
 26
 N/A
 
 17
Fixed deferred indexed annuitiesN/A
 
 35
 N/A
 
 46
Structured annuitiesN/A
 
 (9) N/A
 
 
SMCN/A
 
 13
 N/A
 
 6
N/A
 
 5
 N/A
 
 14
Total embedded derivativesN/A
 
 964
 N/A
 
 979
N/A
 
 4,032
 N/A
 
 1,704
Total derivatives$120,415
 $3,012
 $4,009
 $119,220
 $2,574
 $3,610
$132,850
 $5,707
 $7,529
 $125,200
 $4,361
 $5,229
N/A  Not applicable.
(1) The fair value of freestanding derivative assets is included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2) The fair value of freestanding derivative liabilities is included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of GMWB and GMAB, IUL, indexed annuity and indexedstructured annuity embedded derivatives is included in Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of the SMC embedded derivative liability is included in Customer deposits on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(3) The fair value of the Company’s derivative liabilities after considering the effects of master netting arrangements, cash collateral held by the same counterparty and the fair value of net embedded derivatives was $1.6$4.5 billion and $1.4$2.3 billion as of March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018,2019, respectively. See Note 1213 for additional information related to master netting arrangements and cash collateral. See Note 45 for information about derivatives held by consolidated VIEs.
(4) The fair value of the GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives as of March 31, 20192020 included $557 million$3.3 billion of individual contracts in a liability position and $377$12 million of individual contracts in an asset position. The fair value of the GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives as of December 31, 20182019 included $646$981 million of individual contracts in a liability position and $318$218 million of individual contracts in an asset position.
See Note 1112 for additional information regarding the Company’s fair value measurement of derivative instruments.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


As of March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018,2019, investment securities with a fair value of $53$296 million and $28$84 million, respectively, were received as collateral to meet contractual obligations under derivative contracts, of which $53$296 million and $28$84 million, respectively, may be sold, pledged or rehypothecated by the Company. As of both March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018,2019, the Company had sold, pledged or rehypothecated nilnone of these securities. In addition, as of both March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018,2019, non-cash collateral accepted was held in separate custodial accounts and was not included in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges
The following tables present a summary of the impact of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, including embedded derivatives, on the Consolidated Statements of Operations:
Net Investment Income Banking and Deposit Interest Expense Distribution Expenses Interest Credited to Fixed Accounts Benefits, Claims, Losses and Settlement Expenses General and Administrative ExpenseNet Investment Income Banking and Deposit Interest Expense Distribution Expenses Interest Credited to Fixed Accounts Benefits, Claims, Losses and Settlement Expenses General and Administrative Expense
(in millions)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019           
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020           
Interest rate contracts$(9) $
 $
 $
 $331
 $
$(1) $
 $2
 $
 $2,515
 $
Equity contracts
 6
 48
 48
 (700) 8

 (7) (116) (112) 1,993
 (16)
Credit contracts(1) 
 
 
 (29) 

 
 
 
 (36) 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
 
 
 (6) (1)1
 
 
 
 44
 (3)
GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives
 
 
 
 148
 

 
 
 
 (2,513) 
IUL embedded derivatives
 
 
 (81) 
 

 
 
 164
 
 
Indexed annuities embedded derivatives
 
 
 (2) 
 
Fixed deferred indexed annuity embedded derivatives
 
 
 12
 
 
Structured annuity embedded derivatives
 
 
 
 3
 
SMC embedded derivatives
 (6) 
 
 
 

 7
 
 
 
 
Total gain (loss)$(10) $
 $48
 $(35) $(256) $7
$
 $

$(114)
$64

$2,006

$(19)
Net Investment Income Banking and Deposit Interest Expense Distribution Expenses Interest Credited to Fixed Accounts Benefits, Claims, Losses and Settlement Expenses General and Administrative ExpenseNet Investment Income Banking and Deposit Interest Expense Distribution Expenses Interest Credited to Fixed Accounts Benefits, Claims, Losses and Settlement Expenses General and Administrative Expense
(in millions)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018           
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019           
Interest rate contracts$17
 $
 $
 $
 $(398) $
$(9) $
 $
 $
 $331
 $
Equity contracts
 
 (3) (8) 25
 

 6
 48
 48
 (700) 8
Credit contracts
 
 
 
 12
 
(1) 
 
 
 (29) 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
 
 
 2
 (2)
 
 
 
 (6) (1)
GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives
 
 
 
 280
 

 
 
 
 148
 
IUL embedded derivatives
 
 
 36
 
 

 
 
 (81) 
 
Fixed deferred indexed annuity embedded derivatives
 
 
 (2) 
 
SMC embedded derivatives
 1
 
 
 
 

 (6) 
 
 
 
Total gain (loss)$17
 $1
 $(3) $28
 $(79) $(2)$(10) $
 $48
 $(35) $(256) $7

The Company holds derivative instruments that either do not qualify or are not designated for hedge accounting treatment. These derivative instruments are used as economic hedges of equity, interest rate, credit and foreign currency exchange rate risk related to various products and transactions of the Company.
Certain annuity contracts contain GMWB or GMAB provisions, which guarantee the right to make limited partial withdrawals each contract year regardless of the volatility inherent in the underlying investments or guarantee a minimum accumulation value of consideration received at the beginning of the contract period, after a specified holding period, respectively. The indexed portion of structured annuities and the GMAB and non-life contingent GMWB provisions are considered embedded derivatives, which are bifurcated from their host contracts for valuation purposes and reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings. The Company economically hedges the aggregate exposure related to the index portion of structured annuities and the GMAB and non-life contingent GMWB provisions using options, (equity index, interest rate swaptions, etc.), swaps (interest rate, total return, etc.) and futures.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


The deferred premium associated with certain of the above options and swaptions is paid or received semi-annually over the life of the contract or at maturity. The following is a summary of the payments the Company is scheduled to make and receive for these options and swaptions as of March 31, 2019:2020:
Premiums Payable Premiums ReceivablePremiums Payable Premiums Receivable
(in millions)
2019 (1)
$288
 $140
2020216
 135
2020 (1)
$138
 $38
2021187
 127
152
 112
2022239
 200
203
 198
2023141
 42
126
 58
2024 - 2028431
 17
202470
 10
2025 - 2028377
 7
Total$1,502
 $661
$1,066
 $423

(1) 20192020 amounts represent the amounts payable and receivable for the period from April 1, 20192020 to December 31, 2019.2020.
Actual timing and payment amounts may differ due to future settlements, modifications or exercises of the contracts prior to the full premium being paid or received.
The Company has a macro hedge program to provide protection against the statutory tail scenario risk arising from variable annuity reserves on its statutory surplus and to cover some of the residual risks not covered by other hedging activities. As a means of economically hedging these risks, the Company may use a combination of futures, options, swaps and swaptions. Certain of the macro hedge derivatives may contain settlement provisions linked to both equity returns and interest rates. The Company’s macro hedge derivatives that contain settlement provisions linked to both equity returns and interest rates, if any, are shown in other contracts in the tables above.
IndexedFixed deferred indexed annuity, IUL and stock market certificate products have returns tied to the performance of equity markets. As a result of fluctuations in equity markets, the obligation incurred by the Company related to fixed deferred indexed annuity, IUL and stock market certificate products will positively or negatively impact earnings over the life of these products. The equity component of fixed deferred indexed annuity, IUL and stock market certificate product obligations are considered embedded derivatives, which are bifurcated from their host contracts for valuation purposes and reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings. As a means of economically hedging its obligations under the provisions of these products, the Company enters into index options and futures contracts.
The Company enters into futures, credit default swaps and commodity swaps to manage its exposure to price risk arising from seed money investments in proprietary investment products. The Company enters into foreign currency forward contracts and total return swaps to economically hedge its exposure to certain foreign transactions. The Company enters into futures contracts to economically hedge its exposure related to compensation plans. In 2015, theThe Company enteredenters into interest rate swaps to offset interest rate changes on unrealized gains or losses for certain investments.
Cash Flow Hedges
The Company has designated derivative instruments as a cash flow hedge of interest rate exposure on forecasted debt interest payments. For derivative instruments that qualify as cash flow hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative instruments is reported in AOCI and reclassified into earnings when the hedged item or transaction impacts earnings. The amount that is reclassified into earnings is presented within the same line item as the earnings impact of the hedged item in interest and debt expense.
Prior to the adoption of the new accounting standard Derivatives and Hedging - Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities on January 1, 2019, the Company recorded the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instruments in AOCI and any ineffective portion in current period earnings. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, no amounts were recorded in earnings for hedge ineffectiveness. See Note 2 for additional information on the adoption of the new accounting standard.
For both the three months ended March 31,2020 and 2019, and 2018, the amounts reclassified from AOCI to earnings related to cash flow hedges were immaterial. The estimated net amount recorded in AOCI as of March 31, 20192020 that the Company expects to reclassify to earnings as a reduction to interest and debt expense within the next twelve months is $1$0.5 million. Currently, the longest period of time over which the Company is hedging exposure to the variability in future cash flows is 16 years and relates to forecasted debt interest payments. See Note 1615 for a rollforward of net unrealized derivative gains (losses) included in AOCI related to cash flow hedges.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


Fair Value Hedges
The Company entered into and designated as a fair value hedges twohedge an interest rate swapsswap to convert senior notes due 2019 and 2020 from fixed rate debt to floating rate debt. The swaps haveinterest rate swap related to the senior notes due March 2020 was settled during the first quarter when the debt was repaid. The swap had identical terms as the underlying debt being hedged. The Company recognizes gains and losses on the derivatives and the related hedged items within interest and debt expense. See Note 1011 for the cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


The following table is a summary of the impact of fair valuederivatives designated as hedges on the Consolidated Statements of Operations:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019 20182020 2019
(in millions)(in millions)
Total interest and debt expense per Consolidated Statements of Operations$53
 $51
$46
 $53
   
Gain (loss) on interest rate contracts designated as fair value hedges:      
Hedged items$1
 $8
$1
 $1
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges(1) (8)(1) (1)

Net Investment Hedges
The Company entered into, and designated as net investment hedges in foreign operations, forward contracts to hedge a portion of the Company’s foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with its investment in Threadneedle. As the Company determined that the forward contracts are effective, the change in fair value of the derivatives is recognized in AOCI as part of the foreign currency translation adjustment. For both the three months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, the Company recognized a gain of $5 million and loss of $3 million and $7 million, respectively, in OCI.
Credit Risk
Credit risk associated with the Company’s derivatives is the risk that a derivative counterparty will not perform in accordance with the terms of the applicable derivative contract. To mitigate such risk, the Company has established guidelines and oversight of credit risk through a comprehensive enterprise risk management program that includes members of senior management. Key components of this program are to require preapproval of counterparties and the use of master netting and collateral arrangements whenever practical. See Note 1213 for additional information on the Company’s credit exposure related to derivative assets.
Certain of the Company’s derivative contracts contain provisions that adjust the level of collateral the Company is required to post based on the Company’s debt rating (or based on the financial strength of the Company’s life insurance subsidiaries for contracts in which those subsidiaries are the counterparty). Additionally, certain of the Company’s derivative contracts contain provisions that allow the counterparty to terminate the contract if the Company’s debt does not maintain a specific credit rating (generally an investment grade rating) or the Company’s life insurance subsidiary does not maintain a specific financial strength rating. If these termination provisions were to be triggered, the Company’s counterparty could require immediate settlement of any net liability position. As of March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018,2019, the aggregate fair value of derivative contracts in a net liability position containing such credit contingent provisions was $273$181 million and $171$189 million, respectively. The aggregate fair value of assets posted as collateral for such instruments as of March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 20182019 was $272$181 million and $170$189 million, respectively. If the credit contingent provisions of derivative contracts in a net liability position as of March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 20182019 were triggered, the aggregate fair value of additional assets that would be required to be posted as collateral or needed to settle the instruments immediately would have been $1 million forNaN as of both March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018. 
14.  Leases
The Company has operating and finance leases for corporate and field offices. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception or modification. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and corresponding lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Certain lease incentives such as free rent periods are recorded as a reduction of the ROU asset. The Company uses an incremental borrowing rate that is readily available in determining the present value of future lease payments. Lease expense for operating ROU assets is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Certain leases include one or more options to renew with terms that can extend the lease from one year to twenty years. The exercise of any lease renewal option is at the sole discretion of the Company. Renewal options are included in the ROU assets and lease liabilities when they either provide an economic incentive to renew or when the costs related to the termination of a lease outweigh the benefits of signing a new lease. See Note 2 for further discussion on the Company's accounting policy on leases.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


The following table presents the balances for operating and finance ROU assets and lease liabilities:
Leases Classification March 31,
2019
  (in millions)
Assets    
Operating lease assets Other assets $225
Finance lease assets Other assets 46
Total lease assets   $271
     
Liabilities    
Operating lease liabilities Other liabilities $248
Finance lease liabilities Long-term debt 55
Total lease liabilities   $303
The components of lease expense include operating and finance lease costs. Operating lease costs were $15 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Finance lease costs were $2 million for the three month ended March 31, 2019 and consisted of $2 million in amortization. The amount of interest expense on finance leases is immaterial. These costs are recorded in general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Maturities of lease liabilities, weighted-average remaining term and weighted-average discount rate are as follows:
Maturity of Lease Liabilities March 31, 2019
Finance
Leases
 Operating Leases
  (in millions)
2019 $11
 $42
2020 14
 56
2021 7
 42
2022 7
 35
2023 7
 27
Thereafter 14
 73
Total lease payments 60
 275
Less: Interest (5) (27)
Present value of lease liabilities $55
 $248
     
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) 6.6
 6.4
Weighted-average discount rate 3.4% 3.2%
Maturities of lease liabilities prior to the adoption of new lease guidance were as follows:
Maturity of Lease Liabilities December 31,
2018
Operating Leases
  (in millions)
2019 $61
2020 53
2021 40
2022 33
2023 26
Thereafter 65
Total lease payments $278

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, operating cash flows included $15 million of cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, financing cash flows included $3 million of cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of finance lease liabilities.2019. 

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


15.  Held for Sale Classification
On April 2, 2019, the Company announced it signed a definitive agreement with a subsidiary of American Family Insurance Mutual Holding Company (American Family Insurance) for the sale of Ameriprise Auto & Home, a business unit of Ameriprise Financial. The Ameriprise Auto & Home legal entities are being sold in the transaction. The Company will receive gross proceeds of $1.05 billion in cash. After a payment to an affinity partner, the net proceeds will be approximately $950 million, subject to certain post-closing financial adjustments. The transaction is subject to customary conditions and regulatory approvals and is expected to close in the second half of 2019.
A business is required to be classified as held for sale in the period in which the following criteria are met: (i) management has approved the sale and commits to a plan to sell the business, (ii) the business is available for immediate sale, (iii) an active program to locate a buyer has been initiated, (iv) the sale of the business is probable and the transfer of the business is expected to occur within one year, (v) the business is being actively marketed and (vi) it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. The Company has met the requirements to classify assets and liabilities related to AAH as held for sale on its Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2019. A business classified as held for sale is recorded at the lower of its carrying amount or estimated fair value less cost to sell. If the carrying amount of the business exceeds its estimated fair value, a loss is recognized. The Company did not recognize a loss as the carrying amount of the business did not exceed its estimated fair value as of March 31, 2019. The Company recognized an impairment of $5 million in the first quarter of 2019 on investments held by AAH as the Company no longer intends to hold the securities until the recovery of fair value to book value.Shareholders’ Equity
The following table summarizes the components of assets and liabilities held for sale on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2019:
 (in millions)
Assets 
Cash and cash equivalents$111
Investments1,634
Receivables229
Deferred acquisition costs15
Other assets38
Total assets held for sale$2,027
  
Liabilities 
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims$709
Accounts payable and accrued expenses89
Other liabilities373
Total liabilities held for sale$1,171


AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


16.  Shareholders’ Equity
The following tables provideprovides the amounts related to each component of OCI:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 20182020 2019
Pretax Income Tax Benefit (Expense) Net of TaxPretax Income Tax Benefit (Expense) Net of TaxPretax Income Tax Benefit (Expense) Net of TaxPretax Income Tax Benefit (Expense) Net of Tax
(in millions)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities:                      
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities arising during the period (1)
$657
 $(141) $516
 $(552) $123
 $(429)$(1,195) $264
 $(931) $657
 $(141) $516
Reclassification of net (gains) losses on securities included in net income (2)
(5) 1
 (4) (5) 1
 (4)8
 (2) 6
 (5) 1
 (4)
Impact of deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducement costs, unearned revenue, benefit reserves and reinsurance recoverables(240) 50
 (190) 216
 (45) 171
Impact of DAC, DSIC, unearned revenue,
benefit reserves and reinsurance recoverables
508
 (107) 401
 (240) 50
 (190)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities412
 (90) 322
 (341) 79
 (262)(679) 155
 (524) 412
 (90) 322
                      
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives:                      
Reclassification of net (gains) losses on derivatives included in net income (3)
(1) 
 (1) 
 
 

 
 
 (1) 
 (1)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives(1) 
 (1) 
 
 

 
 
 (1) 
 (1)
                      
Foreign currency translation6
 (1) 5
 37
 (8) 29
(34) 1
 (33) 6
 (1) 5
Other
 
 
 
 
 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)$417
 $(91) $326
 $(304) $71
 $(233)$(713) $156
 $(557) $417
 $(91) $326

(1) Includes OTTI lossesimpairments on Available-for-Sale securities related to factors other than credit that were recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)OCI during the period.
(2) Reclassification amounts are recorded in net investment income.
(3) Includes nil and $1 million pretax gain reclassified to interest and debt expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019.2020 and 2019, respectively.
Other comprehensive income (loss) related to net unrealized securities gains (losses) on securities includes three components: (i) unrealized gains (losses) that arose from changes in the market value of securities that were held during the period; (ii) (gains) losses that were previously unrealized, but have been recognized in current period net income due to sales of Available-for-Sale securities and due to the reclassification of noncredit OTTI lossesimpairments to credit losses; and (iii) other adjustments primarily consisting of changes in insurance and annuity asset and liability balances, such as DAC, DSIC, unearned revenue, benefit reserves and reinsurance recoverables, to reflect the expected impact on their carrying values had the unrealized gains (losses) been realized as of the respective balance sheet dates.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


The following tables present the changes in the balances of each component of AOCI, net of tax:
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivatives 
Defined
Benefit Plans
 Foreign Currency Translation Other TotalNet Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivatives 
Defined
Benefit Plans
 Foreign Currency Translation Other Total
(in millions)
Balance, January 1, 2019$20
 $8
 $(120) $(198) $(1) $(291)
Balance, January 1, 2020$576
 $6
 $(138) $(181) $(1) $262
OCI before reclassifications326
 
 
 5
 
 331
(530) 
 
 (33) 
 (563)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(4) (1) 
 
 
 (5)6
 
 
 
 
 6
Total OCI322
 (1) 
 5
 
 326
(524) 
 
 (33) 
 (557)
Balance, March 31, 2019$342
(1) 
$7
 $(120) $(193) $(1) $35
Balance, March 31, 2020$52
(1) 
$6
 $(138) $(214) $(1) $(295)

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivatives 
Defined
Benefit Plans
 Foreign Currency Translation Other TotalNet Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivatives 
Defined
Benefit Plans
 Foreign Currency Translation Other Total
(in millions)
Balance, January 1, 2018$486
 $8
 $(97) $(167) $(1) $229
Cumulative effect of change in accounting policies(1) 
 
 
 
 (1)
Balance, January 1, 2019$20
 $8
 $(120) $(198) $(1) $(291)
OCI before reclassifications(258) 
 
 29
 
 (229)326
 
 
 5
 
 331
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(4) 
 
 
 
 (4)(4) (1) 
 
 
 (5)
Total OCI(262) 
 
 29
 
 (233)322
 (1) 
 5
 
 326
Balance, March 31, 2018$223
(1) 
$8
 $(97) $(138) $(1) $(5)
Balance, March 31, 2019$342
(1) 
$7
 $(120) $(193) $(1) $35
(1) Includes nil and $(4) million and nil of noncredit related impairments on securities and net unrealized gains (losses) on previously impaired securities as of March 31, 20192020 and March 31, 2018,2019, respectively.
For the three months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, the Company repurchased a total of 2.82.5 million shares and 2.42.8 million shares, respectively, of its common stock for an aggregate cost of $355$386 million and $387$355 million, respectively. In April 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized an expenditure of up to $2.5 billion for the repurchase of shares of the Company’s common stock through June 30, 2019. As2019, which was exhausted in the second quarter of March 31, 2019, the Company had $154 million remaining under this share repurchase authorization.2019. In February 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized an additional repurchase up to $2.5 billion of the Company’s common stock through March 31, 2021. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had $724 million remaining under this share repurchase authorization.
The Company may also reacquire shares of its common stock under its share-based compensation plans related to restricted stock awards and certain option exercises. The holders of restricted shares may elect to surrender a portion of their shares on the vesting date to cover their income tax obligation. These vested restricted shares are reacquired by the Company and the Company’s payment of the holders’ income tax obligations are recorded as a treasury share purchase.
For the three months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, the Company reacquired 0.3 million shares and 0.20.3 million shares, respectively, of its common stock through the surrender of shares upon vesting and paid in the aggregate $29$46 million and $39$29 million, respectively, related to the holders’ income tax obligations on the vesting date. Option holders may elect to net settle their vested awards resulting in the surrender of the number of shares required to cover the strike price and tax obligation of the options exercised. These shares are reacquired by the Company and recorded as treasury shares. For the three months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, the Company reacquired 0.10.6 million shares and 0.40.1 million shares, respectively, of its common stock through the net settlement of options for an aggregate value of $15$105 million and $56$15 million, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, the Company reissued 0.70.5 million and 0.80.7 million, respectively, treasury shares for restricted stock award grants, performance share units and issuance of shares vested under advisor deferred compensation plans.
17. Regulatory Requirements
The Company’s insurance subsidiaries are required to prepare statutory financial statements in accordance with the accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the insurance departments of their respective states of domicile. RiverSource Life received approval from the Minnesota Department of Commerce to apply a permitted statutory accounting practice, effective July 1, 2017 through June 30, 2019, for certain derivative instruments used to economically hedge the interest rate exposure of certain variable annuity products that do not qualify for statutory hedge accounting. The permitted practice is intended to mitigate the impact to statutory surplus from the misalignment between variable annuity statutory reserves, which are not carried at fair value, and the fair value of derivatives used to economically hedge the interest rate exposure of non-life contingent living benefit guarantees. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, application of this permitted practice resulted in an increase (decrease) to RiverSource Life’s statutory surplus of approximately $(111) million and $92 million, respectively.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


16.  Income Taxes
18.  TheIncome Taxes
The Company’s effective tax rate was 15.9%13.4% and 14.7%15.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 is lower than the statutory rate primarily due to recent tax law changes that resulted in a $144 million tax benefit related to the forecasted utilization of a 2020 net operating loss (“NOL”) in our life insurance entities that will be applied to previous tax filings, low income housing tax credits and 2018, respectively.other tax preference items. The Company has determined the NOL benefit is attributable to current year losses; accordingly, the benefit is recorded in the annual effective tax rate.
The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is lower than the statutory rate as a result of tax preferred items including foreign tax credits and low income housing tax credits, partially offset by lower income in the quarter relative to income expected for the full year.
The lower effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 20182020 compared to March 31, 2019 is lower thanprimarily the statutory rate as a result of tax preferred items including lowthe NOL benefit, partially offset by higher pretax income housing tax credits and stock compensation.in the current period compared to the prior period.
Included in the Company’s deferred income tax assets are tax benefits related to state net operating losses of $21$31 million, net of federal benefit, which will expire beginning December 31, 2019.2020.
The Company is required to establish a valuation allowance for any portion of the deferred tax assets that management believes will not be realized. Significant judgment is required in determining if a valuation allowance should be established, and the amount of such allowance if required. Factors used in making this determination include estimates relating to the performance of the business. Consideration is given to, among other things in making this determination, (i) future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards, (ii) future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, (iii) taxable income in prior carryback years, and (iv) tax planning strategies. Based on analysis of the Company’s tax position, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize certain state net operating losses of $13 million and state deferred tax assets and state net operating losses andof $3

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


million; therefore a valuation allowance has been established. The valuation allowance was $20$16 million and $19 million as of both March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018.2019, respectively.
As of both March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018,2019, the Company had $92$98 million and $100 million, respectively, of gross unrecognized tax benefits. If recognized, approximately $71$68 million and $70$67 million, net of federal tax benefits, of unrecognized tax benefits as ofMarch 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018,2019, respectively, would affect the effective tax rate.
It is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will change in the next 12 months. The Company estimates that the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits may decrease by $30 millionNaN to $40$10 million in the next 12 months primarily due to Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) settlements and state exams.
The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of the income tax provision. The Company recognized a net increase of $1 million in interest and penalties for both the three months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018.2019. As of March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018,2019, the Company had a payable of $11$9 million and $10$8 million, respectively, related to accrued interest and penalties.
The Company or one or more of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and foreign jurisdictions. In the first quarterThe federal statute of 2019, the Company reached an agreement with the IRS to finalize thelimitations are closed on years through 2015, except for one issue for 2014 and 2015 IRS audits. Accordingly, the Company’s IRS audits are effectively settled through 2015.which was claimed on amended returns. The IRS is currently auditing the Company’s U.S. income tax returns for 2016, 2017 and 2017.2018. The Company’s state income tax returns are currently under examination by various jurisdictions for years ranging from 20092010 through 2017.2018. In the United Kingdom (“UK”), Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs is performing a business risk review of the Company’s UK subsidiaries for the 2016 tax year.
19.  17.  Contingencies
Contingencies
The Company and its subsidiaries are involved in the normal course of business in legal proceedings which include regulatory inquiries, arbitration and arbitration proceedings,litigation, including class actions concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of its activities as a diversified financial services firm. These include proceedings specific to the Company as well as proceedings generally applicable to business practices in the industries in which it operates. The Company can also be subject to litigationlegal proceedings arising out of its general business activities, such as its investments, contracts, leases and employment relationships. Uncertain economic conditions, heightened and sustained volatility in the financial markets and significant financial reform legislation may increase the likelihood that clients and other persons or regulators may present or threaten legal claims or that regulators increase the scope or frequency of examinations of the Company or the financial services industry generally.
As with other financial services firms, the level of regulatory activity and inquiry concerning the Company’s businesses remains elevated. From time to time, the Company receives requests for information from, and/or has been subject to examination or claims by, the SEC, FINRA,the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, the OCC, the UK Financial Conduct Authority, the Federal Reserve Board, state insurance and securities regulators, state attorneys general and various other domestic or foreign governmental and quasi-governmental authorities on behalf of themselves or clients concerning the Company’s business activities and practices, and the practices of the Company’s financial advisors. The Company typically has numerous pending matters which include information requests, exams or inquiries that the Company has received during recent periods regarding certain matters,subjects, including: sales and distribution of mutual funds, exchange traded funds, annuities, equity and fixed income securities, real estate investment trusts, insurance products, and financial advice offerings, including managed accounts; supervision of the Company’s financial advisors;advisors and other associated persons; administration of insurance and annuity claims; security of client information; trading activity and the Company’s monitoring and supervision of such activity; and transaction monitoring systems and controls. The Company has cooperated and will continue to cooperate with the applicable regulators.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


These legal and regulatory proceedings and disputes are subject to uncertainties and, as such, it is inherently difficult to determine whether any loss is probable or even reasonably possible, or to reasonably estimate the amount of any loss. The Company cannot predict with certainty if, how or when any such proceedings will be initiated or resolved or what the eventual settlement, fine, penalty or other relief, if any, may be, particularly for proceedings that are in their early stages of development or where plaintiffs seek indeterminate damages. Numerous issues mayresolved. Matters frequently need to be resolved, including through potentially lengthy discovery and determination of important factual matters, and by addressing unsettled legal questions relevant to the proceedings in question,more developed before a loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated for any proceeding. An adverse outcome in one or more proceeding could eventually result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, penalties or other sanctions, in addition to further claims, examinations or adverse publicity that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
In accordance with applicable accounting standards, the Company establishes an accrued liability for contingent litigation and regulatory matters when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and can be reasonably estimated. The Company discloses the nature of the contingency when management believes there is at least a reasonable possibility that the outcome may be material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements and, where feasible, an estimate of the possible loss. In such cases, there still may be an exposure to loss in excess of any amounts reasonably estimated and accrued. When a loss contingency is not both probable and reasonably estimable, the Company does not establish an accrued liability, but continues to monitor, in conjunction with any outside counsel handling a matter, further developments that would make such loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. Once the Company establishes an accrued liability with respect to a loss contingency, the Company

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


continues to monitor the matter for further developments that could affect the amount of the accrued liability that has been previously established, and any appropriate adjustments are made each quarter.
Guaranty Fund Assessments
RiverSource Life and RiverSource Life of NY are required by law to be a member of the guaranty fund association in every state where they are licensed to do business. In the event of insolvency of one or more unaffiliated insurance companies, the Company could be adversely affected by the requirement to pay assessments to the guaranty fund associations.
The Company projects its cost of future guaranty fund assessments based on estimates of insurance company insolvencies provided by the National Organization of Life and Health Insurance Guaranty Associations (“NOLHGA”) and the amount of its premiums written relative to the industry-wide premium in each state. The Company accrues the estimated cost of future guaranty fund assessments when it is considered probable that an assessment will be imposed, the event obligating the Company to pay the assessment has occurred and the amount of the assessment can be reasonably estimated.
The Company has a liability for estimated guaranty fund assessments and a related premium tax asset. As of both March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018,2019, the estimated liability was $12 million,million. As of both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the related premium tax asset was $11$10 million. The expected period over which guaranty fund assessments will be made and the related tax credits recovered is not known.
20.  18.  Earnings per Share
The computations of basic and diluted earnings per share is as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019 20182020 2019
(in millions, except per share amounts)
Numerator:      
Net income$395
 $594
$2,036
 $395
      
Denominator:      
Basic: Weighted-average common shares outstanding138.8
 149.5
126.4
 138.8
Effect of potentially dilutive nonqualified stock options and other share-based awards1.3
 2.6
1.8
 1.3
Diluted: Weighted-average common shares outstanding140.1
 152.1
128.2
 140.1
      
Earnings per share:      
Basic$2.85
 $3.97
$16.11
 $2.85
Diluted$2.82
 $3.91
$15.88
 $2.82

The calculation of diluted earnings per share excludes the incremental effect of 4.44.5 million and 1.14.4 million options as of March 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, respectively, due to their anti-dilutive effect.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


19.  Segment Information
21.  TheSegment Information
The Company’s reporting segments are Advice & Wealth Management, Asset Management, Annuities, Protection and Corporate & Other.
Beginning in the first quarter of 2019, the results of AAH, which had been reported as part of the Protection segment, are reflected in the Corporate & Other segment due to the sale of AAH, which is expected to close in the second half of 2019. Prior periods presented have been restated to reflect the change. See Note 15 for additional information on the sale of AAH.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those of the Company, except for operating adjustments defined below, the method of capital allocation, the accounting for gains (losses) from intercompany revenues and expenses and not providing for income taxes on a segment basis.
Management uses segment adjusted operating measures in goal setting, as a basis for determining employee compensation and in evaluating performance on a basis comparable to that used by some securities analysts and investors. Consistent with GAAP accounting guidance for segment reporting, adjusted operating earnings is the Company’s measure of segment performance. Adjusted operating earnings should not be viewed as a substitute for GAAP pretax income. The Company believes the presentation of segment adjusted operating earnings, as the Company measures it for management purposes, enhances the understanding of its business by reflecting the underlying performance of its core operations and facilitating a more meaningful trend analysis.
Effective first quarter of 2019, management has excluded mean reversion related impacts from the Company’s adjusted operating measures. Prior periods have been updated to reflect this change to be consistent with the current period presentation. The mean reversion related impact is defined as the impact on variable annuity and VUL products for the difference between assumed and updated separate account investment performance on DAC, DSIC, unearned revenue amortization, reinsurance accrual and additional insurance benefit reserves.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


Adjusted operating earnings is defined as adjusted operating net revenues less adjusted operating expenses. Adjusted operating net revenues and adjusted operating expenses exclude the market impact on IUL benefits (net of hedges and the related DAC amortization, unearned revenue amortization, and the reinsurance accrual), mean reversion related impacts (the impact on variable annuity and VUL products for the difference between assumed and updated separate account investment performance on DAC, DSIC, unearned revenue amortization, reinsurance accrual and additional insurance benefit reserves), integration and restructuring charges and the impact of consolidating investment entities. Adjusted operating net revenues also exclude net realized investment gains or losses (net of unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual) and the market impact of hedges to offset interest rate changes on unrealized gains or losses for certain investments. Adjusted operating expenses also exclude the market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits (net of hedges and the related DSIC and DAC amortization), the market impact on fixed index annuity benefits (net of hedges and the related DAC amortization), and the DSIC and DAC amortization offset to net realized investment gains or losses. The market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits, fixed index annuity benefits and IUL benefits includes changes in embedded derivative values caused by changes in financial market conditions, net of changes in economic hedge values and unhedged items including the difference between assumed and actual underlying separate account investment performance, fixed income credit exposures, transaction costs and certain policyholder contract elections, net of related impacts on DAC and DSIC amortization. The market impact also includes certain valuation adjustments made in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, including the impact on embedded derivative values of discounting projected benefits to reflect a current estimate of the Company’s life insurance subsidiary’s nonperformance spread.
The following tables summarize selected financial information by segment and reconcile segment totals to those reported on the consolidated financial statements:
March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
March 31,
2020
 December 31,
2019
(in millions)
Advice & Wealth Management$14,218
 $14,480
$20,238
 $17,607
Asset Management8,084
 7,558
7,617
 8,226
Annuities93,594
 88,771
93,363
 98,195
Protection16,435
 17,126
15,632
 16,980
Corporate & Other10,045
 9,281
8,832
 10,820
Assets held for sale2,027
 
Total assets$144,403
 $137,216
$145,682
 $151,828
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
2020 2019
(in millions)
Adjusted operating net revenues:   
Advice & Wealth Management$1,695
 $1,554
Asset Management686
 689
Annuities589
 604
Protection257
 262
Corporate & Other62
 342
Less: Eliminations (1)
338
 333
Total segment adjusted operating net revenues2,951
 3,118
Net realized gains (losses)(20) 9
Revenue attributable to consolidated investment entities16
 21
Market impact on IUL benefits, net55
 (17)
Mean reversion related impacts(1) 
Market impact of hedges on investments
 (10)
Integration and restructuring charges
 (3)
Total net revenues per Consolidated Statements of Operations$3,001
 $3,118
(1)
Represents the elimination of intersegment revenues recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 in each segment as follows: Advice & Wealth Management ($222 million and $219 million, respectively); Asset Management ($13 million and $13 million, respectively); Annuities ($90 million and $88 million, respectively); Protection ($14 million and $15 million, respectively); and Corporate & Other ($(1) million and $(2) million, respectively).

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)


 Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 2018
(in millions)
Adjusted operating net revenues:   
Advice & Wealth Management$1,554
 $1,501
Asset Management689
 778
Annuities604
 613
Protection262
 253
Corporate & Other342
 323
Less: Eliminations (1)
333
 357
Total segment adjusted operating net revenues3,118
 3,111
Net realized gains (losses)9
 6
Revenue attributable to consolidated investment entities21
 22
Market impact on IUL benefits, net(17) 13
Market impact of hedges on investments(10) 16
Integration and restructuring charges(3) 
Total net revenues per Consolidated Statements of Operations$3,118
 $3,168

(1)
Represents the elimination of intersegment revenues recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018in each segment as follows: Advice & Wealth Management ($219 million and $240 million, respectively); Asset Management ($13 million and $12 million, respectively); Annuities ($88 million and $90 million, respectively); Protection ($15 million and $16 million, respectively); and Corporate & Other ($(2) million and $(1) million, respectively).

Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019 20182020 2019
(in millions)
Adjusted operating earnings:      
Advice & Wealth Management$350
 $316
$378
 $350
Asset Management146
 195
157
 146
Annuities128
 126
95
 128
Protection74
 65
72
 74
Corporate & Other(63) (51)(50) (63)
Total segment adjusted operating earnings635
 651
652
 635
Net realized gains (losses)9
 6
(20) 9
Net income (loss) attributable to consolidated investment entities(2) 
Market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits, net(142) (5)1,689
 (142)
Market impact on IUL benefits, net(51) 25
91
 (51)
Market impact on fixed annuity benefits, net3
 
Mean reversion related impacts36
 6
(61) 36
Market impact of hedges on investments(10) 16

 (10)
Integration and restructuring charges(7) (3)(1) (7)
Pretax income per Consolidated Statements of Operations$470
 $696
$2,351
 $470


AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

ITEM 2.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the “Forward-Looking Statements” that follow and our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes presented in Item 1. Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018,2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 27, 26, 2020 (“2019 (“2018 10-K”), as well as our current reports on Form 8-K and other publicly available information. Prior period amounts have been restated for the retrospective adoption of the new revenue recognition accounting standard. References below to “Ameriprise Financial,” “Ameriprise,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Ameriprise Financial, Inc. exclusively, to our entire family of companies, or to one or more of our subsidiaries.
Overview
Ameriprise Financial is a diversified financial services company with a more than 120-year125-year history of providing financial solutions. We are a long-standing leader in financial planning and advice with $891$839 billion in assets under management and administration as of March 31, 2019.2020. We offer a broad range of products and services designed to achieve individual and institutional clients’ financial objectives.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (‘‘COVID-19’’) pandemic presents ongoing significant economic and societal disruption and market volatility, which have known and yet to be seen impacts to our business and operating environment driven by significant volatility in the interest rate and equity markets and the potential associated implications to client activity. There are no reliable estimates of how long the pandemic will last, how many people are likely to be affected by it, or its impact on the overall economy.
We have implemented comprehensive strategies to address the operating environment spurred by the pandemic.  To promote the safety and security of our employees and to assure the continuity of our business operations, we have implemented a work-from-home protocol for virtually all of our employee population, restricted business travel, and provided resources for complying with the guidance from the World Health Organization, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and governments. We have been satisfying elevated customer service volumes and our operations teams have continued to operate successfully and without disruptions in service. Our pandemic strategy is flexible and scalable and takes into consideration that a pandemic could be widespread and may occur in multiple waves, affecting different communities at different times with varying levels of severity.
Our results of operations have been, and will likely continue to be, adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The uncertainty surrounding the magnitude, duration, speed and reach of the ongoing global pandemic, as well as actions that have been or could be taken by governmental authorities, clients or other third parties, present unknowns that are currently unfolding and will, as they occur, inform any further offsetting or other business adaptation strategies we may deploy. The pandemic and its accompanying impact on the global financial markets and on our operations and financial results will cause results not to be comparable to the same period in previous years. The results presented in this report are not necessarily indicative of future operating results. For further information regarding the impact of COVID-19, and any potentially material effects, please see Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in this report.
The products and services we provide retail clients and, to a lesser extent, institutional clients, are the primary source of our revenues and net income. Revenues and net income are significantly affected by investment performance and the total value and composition of assets we manage and administer for our retail and institutional clients as well as the distribution fees we receive from other companies. These factors, in turn, are largely determined by overall investment market performance and the depth and breadth of our individual client relationships.
Financial markets and macroeconomic conditions have had and will continue to have a significant impact on our operating and performance results. In addition, the business, political and regulatory environmentenvironments in which we operate remainsare subject to elevated uncertainty and change. To succeed,substantial, frequent change, particularly given the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, we expect to continue focusing on our key strategic objectives.objectives and obtaining operational and strategic leverage from our core capabilities. The success of these and other strategies may be affected by the factors discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 20182019 10-K and other factors as discussed herein.
Equity price, credit market and interest rate fluctuations can have a significant impact on our results of operations, primarily due to the effects they have on the asset management and other asset-based fees we earn, the “spread” income generated on our fixed deferred annuities, fixed insurance, deposit products and the fixed portion of variable annuities and variable insurance contracts, the value of deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”) and deferred sales inducement costs (“DSIC”) assets, the values of liabilities for guaranteed benefits associated with our variable annuities and the values of derivatives held to hedge these benefits.
Earnings, as well as adjusted operating earnings, will be negatively impacted by the ongoing low interest rate environment should it continue. In addition to continuing spread compression in our interest sensitive product lines, a sustained low interest rate environment may result in increases to our reserves and changes in various rate assumptions we use to amortize DAC and DSIC, which may negatively impact our adjusted operating earnings. For additional discussion on our interest rate risk, see Item 3. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

On April 2,October 1, 2019, we announced we signed a definitive agreement with a subsidiarycompleted the sale of our Ameriprise Auto & Home Insurance business (“AAH”) to American Family Insurance Mutual Holding Company (American Family Insurance) for the sale of Ameriprise Auto & Home (“AAH”), a business unit of Ameriprise Financial. We made the decision to pursue a sale following a strategic review of the AAH business and we determined that now is an appropriate time to exit this business. The. This sale is consistent with our focus on our core growth areas of Advice & Wealth Management and Asset Management. Beginning in the first quarter of 2019, the results of AAH, which had been reported as part of the Protection segment, are reflected in the Corporate & Other segment. Prior periods presented have been restated to reflect the change. See Note 15 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the sale of AAH.
In 2018, we made the strategic decision to seek to expand the banking products and services we can provide directly to our clients, and commenced the ongoing process to convert Ameriprise National Trust Bank into a federal savings bank with the capabilities to offer FDIC insured deposits and a range of lending products. While we have a number of operational and customary regulatory processes to complete, we now have regulatory approval and we expect to launch and roll out our first suite of products in the second quarter of 2019. We expect the conversion into a federal savings bank to occur in May, at which time Ameriprise Financial will be a savings and loan holding company that is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the Board of Governors for the Federal Reserve System. In connection with the conversion, Ameriprise Financial is electing to be classified as a financial holding company subject to regulation under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (as amended).
We consolidate certain variable interest entities for which we provide asset management services. These entities are defined as consolidated investment entities (“CIEs”). While the consolidation of the CIEs impacts our balance sheet and income statement, our exposure to these entities is unchanged and there is no impact to the underlying business results. For further information on CIEs, see Note 45 to our Consolidated Financial Statements. The results of operations of the CIEs are reflected in the Corporate & Other segment. On a consolidated basis, the management fees we earn for the services we provide to the CIEs and the related general and administrative expenses are eliminated and the changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities related to the CIEs, primarily

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

syndicated loans and debt, are reflected in net investment income. We include the fees from these entities in the management and financial advice fees line within our Asset Management segment.
While our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), management believes that adjusted operating measures, which exclude net realized investment gains or losses, net of the related DSIC and DAC amortization, unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual; the market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits, net of hedges and the related DSIC and DAC amortization; the market impact on indexed universal life (“IUL”) benefits, net of hedges and the related DAC amortization, unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual; the market impact on fixed index annuity benefits, net of hedges and the related DAC amortization; mean reversion related impacts;impacts (the impact on variable annuity and VUL products for the difference between assumed and updated separate account investment performance on DAC, DSIC, unearned revenue amortization, reinsurance accrual and additional insurance benefit reserves); the market impact of hedges to offset interest rate changes on unrealized gains or losses for certain investments; gain or loss on disposal of a business that is not considered discontinued operations; integration and restructuring charges; income (loss) from discontinued operations; and the impact of consolidating CIEs, best reflect the underlying performance of our core operations and facilitate a more meaningful trend analysis. Management uses certain of these non-GAAP measures to evaluate our financial performance on a basis comparable to that used by some securities analysts and investors. Also, certain of these non-GAAP measures are taken into consideration, to varying degrees, for purposes of business planning and analysis and for certain compensation-related matters. Throughout our Management’s Discussion and Analysis, these non-GAAP measures are referred to as adjusted operating measures. These non-GAAP measures should not be viewed as a substitute for U.S. GAAP measures. Effective first quarter 2019, management has excluded mean reversion related impacts from our adjusted operating measures. Prior periods have been updated to reflect this change to be consistent with the current period presentation. The mean reversion related impact is defined as the impact on variable annuity and variable universal life (“VUL”) products for the difference between assumed and updated separate account investment performance on DAC, DSIC, unearned revenue amortization, reinsurance accrual and additional insurance benefit reserves. The updated separate account investment performance includes actual investment performance in the current period and the impact of changes in financial market conditions on the assumptions for future investment performance.
It is management’s priority to increase shareholder value over a multi-year horizon by achieving our on-average, over-time financial targets.
Our financial targets are:
Adjusted operating total net revenue growth of 6% to 8%,
Adjusted operating earnings per diluted share growth of 12% to 15%, and
Adjusted operating return on equity excluding accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) of 19% to 23%over 30%.
The following tables reconcile our GAAP measures to adjusted operating measures:
 Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 2018
(in millions)
Total net revenues$3,118
 $3,168
Less: Revenue attributable to CIEs21
 22
Less: Net realized investment gains (losses)9
 6
Less: Market impact on IUL benefits(17) 13
Less: Market impact of hedges on investments(10) 16
Less: Integration/restructuring charges(3) 
Adjusted operating total net revenues$3,118
 $3,111

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

Three Months Ended March 31, Per Diluted ShareThree Months Ended March 31, Per Diluted Share
Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 20182019 20182020 20192020 2019
(in millions, except per share amounts)
Net income$395
 $594
 $2.82
 $3.91
$2,036
 $395
 $15.88
 $2.82
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to CIEs(2) 
 (0.02) 
Add: Integration/restructuring charges (1)
7
 3
 0.05
 0.02
1
 7
 0.01
 0.05
Add: Market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits (1)
142
 5
 1.02
 0.03
(1,689) 142
 (13.18) 1.02
Add: Market impact on fixed index annuity benefits (1)
(3) 
 (0.02) 
Add: Market impact on IUL benefits (1)
51
 (25) 0.36
 (0.16)(91) 51
 (0.71) 0.36
Add: Mean reversion related impacts (1)
(36) (6) (0.26) (0.04)61
 (36) 0.47
 (0.26)
Add: Market impact of hedges on investments (1)
10
 (16) 0.07
 (0.11)
 10
 
 0.07
Less: Net realized investment gains (losses) (1)
9
 6
 0.06
 0.04
(20) 9
 (0.16) 0.06
Tax effect of adjustments (2)
(35) 9
 (0.25) 0.06
357
 (35) 2.78
 (0.25)
Adjusted operating earnings$525
 $558
 $3.75
 $3.67
$694
 $525
 $5.41
 $3.75
              
Weighted average common shares outstanding: 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
Basic138.8
 149.5
  
  
126.4
 138.8
  
  
Diluted140.1
 152.1
  
  
128.2
 140.1
  
  
(1) Pretax adjusted operating adjustments.
(2) Calculated using the statutory tax rate of 21%.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

The following table reconciles the trailing twelve months’ sum of net income to adjusted operating earnings and the five-point average of quarter-end equity to adjusted operating equity:
Twelve Months Ended March 31,Twelve Months Ended March 31,
2019 20182020 2019
(in millions)
Net income$1,899
 $1,671
$3,534
 $1,899
Less: Adjustments (1)
(229) (16)1,175
 (229)
Adjusted operating earnings$2,128
 $1,687
$2,359
 $2,128
   
Total Ameriprise Financial, Inc. shareholders’ equity$5,704
 $6,122
$6,058
 $5,704
Less: AOCI, net of tax(137) 210
121
 (137)
Total Ameriprise Financial, Inc. shareholders’ equity, excluding AOCI5,841
 5,912
5,937
 5,841
Less: Equity impacts attributable to CIEs1
 1
1
 1
Adjusted operating equity$5,840
 $5,911
$5,936
 $5,840
   
Return on equity, excluding AOCI32.5% 28.3%59.5% 32.5%
Adjusted operating return on equity, excluding AOCI (2)
36.4% 28.5%39.7% 36.4%
(1) 
Adjustments reflect the trailing twelve months’ sum of after-tax net realized investment gains/losses, net of DSIC and DAC amortization, unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual; the market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits, net of hedges and related DSIC and DAC amortization; the market impact on IUL benefits, net of hedges and the related DAC amortization, unearned revenue amortization, and the reinsurance accrual; the market impact on fixed index annuity benefits, net of hedges and the related DAC amortization; mean reversion related impacts; the market impact of hedges to offset interest rate changes on unrealized gains or losses for certain investments; gain or loss on disposal of a business that is not considered discontinued operations; integration and restructuring charges; income (loss) from discontinued operations; and net income (loss) from consolidated investment entities. After-tax is calculated using the statutory tax rate of 21%.
(2) 
Adjusted operating return on equity, excluding AOCI, is calculated using the trailing twelve months of adjusted operating earnings excluding the after-tax net realized investment gains/losses, net of DSIC and DAC amortization, unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual; market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits, net of hedges and related DSIC and DAC amortization; the market impact on IUL benefits, net of hedges and the related DAC amortization, unearned revenue amortization, and the reinsurance accrual; the market impact on fixed index annuity benefits, net of hedges and the related DAC amortization; mean reversion related impacts; the market impact of hedges to offset interest rate changes on unrealized gains or losses for certain investments; integration and restructuring charges; and net income (loss) from consolidated investment entities in the numerator, and Ameriprise Financial shareholders’ equity, excluding AOCI and the impact of consolidating investment entities using a five-point average of quarter-end equity in the denominator. After-tax is calculated using the statutory tax rate of 21%. Adjusted operating return on equity, excluding AOCI is higher reflecting core business improvement, market appreciation and cumulative share repurchases.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

Critical Accounting Estimates
The accounting and reporting policies that we use affect our Consolidated Financial Statements. Certain of our accounting and reporting policies are critical to an understanding of our consolidated results of operations and financial condition and, in some cases, the application of these policies can be significantly affected by the estimates, judgments and assumptions made by management during the preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements. These accounting policies are discussed in detail in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis — Critical Accounting Estimates” in our 20182019 10-K.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For information regarding recent accounting pronouncements and their expected impact on our future consolidated results of operations and financial condition, see Note 23 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Assets Under Management and Administration
Assets under management (“AUM”) include external client assets for which we provide investment management services, such as the assets of the Columbia Threadneedle Investments funds, institutional clients and clients in our advisor platform held in wrap accounts as well as assets managed by sub-advisors selected by us. AUM also includes certain assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets for which we provide investment management services and recognize management fees in our Asset Management segment, such as the assets of the general account and the variable product funds held in the separate accounts of our life insurance subsidiaries and CIEs. These assets do not include assets under advisement, for which we provide advisory services such as model portfolios but do not have full discretionary investment authority.
Assets under administration (“AUA”) include assets for which we provide administrative services such as client assets invested in other companies’ products that we offer outside of our wrap accounts. These assets include those held in clients’ brokerage accounts. We generally record revenues received from administered assets as distribution fees. We do not exercise management discretion over these assets and do not earn a management fee. These assets are not reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. AUA also includes certain assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets for which we do not provide investment management services and do not recognize management fees, such as investments in non-affiliated funds held in the separate accounts of our life insurance subsidiaries. These assets do not include assets under advisement, for which we provide advisory services such as model portfolios but do not have full discretionary investment authority.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

The following table presents detail regarding our AUM and AUA:
March 31, ChangeMarch 31, Change
2019 20182020 2019
(in billions)  (in billions)  
Assets Under Management and Administration              
Advice & Wealth Management AUM$276.9
 $249.6
 $27.3
 11 %$273.1
 $276.9
 $(3.8) (1)%
Asset Management AUM459.1
 485.3
 (26.2) (5)426.2
 459.1
 (32.9) (7)
Eliminations(28.3) (26.3) (2.0) (8)(27.9) (28.3) 0.4
 1
Total Assets Under Management707.7
 708.6
 (0.9) 
671.4
 707.7
 (36.3) (5)
Total Assets Under Administration183.5
 178.6
 4.9
 3
167.7
 183.5
 (15.8) (9)
Total AUM and AUA$891.2
 $887.2
 $4.0
  %$839.1
 $891.2
 $(52.1) (6)%
NM Not Meaningful.
Total AUM decreased $0.9$36.3 billion, or 5%, to $671.4 billion as of March 31, 2020 compared to $707.7 billion as of March 31, 2019 primarily due to market depreciation. Our average weighted equity index (“WEI”), which is a proxy for equity movements on AUM, was 9% higher for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $708.6 billion asthe prior year period. The average S&P 500 was 13% higher in the first quarter of March 31, 2018. Asset2020 compared to the prior year period. The disconnect between the increase in the WEI and S&P 500 was larger than usual, primarily due to the outperformance of the S&P 500 compared to international and small cap indices. While the average equity markets were higher in the quarter than the prior year period, the ending equity markets were down significantly in the quarter, in part due to volatility related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Advice & Wealth Management AUM decreased $26.2$3.8 billion, or 5%1%, compared to the prior year period driven by market depreciation, partially offset by wrap account net inflows. Asset Management AUM decreased $32.9 billion, or 7% compared to the prior year period driven by market depreciation, net outflows, retail fund distributions and a negative impact of foreign currency translation, partially offset by market appreciation. Advice & Wealth Management AUM increased $27.3 billion, or 11%, compared to the prior year period driven by wrap account net inflows and market appreciation.translation. See our segment results of operations discussion below for additional information on changes in our AUM.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

Consolidated Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 20192020 and 20182019
The following table presents our consolidated results of operations:
Three Months Ended March 31, ChangeThree Months Ended
March 31,
 Change
2019 20182020 2019
(in millions)  (in millions)  
Revenues              
Management and financial advice fees$1,627
 $1,669
 $(42) (3)%$1,770
 $1,627
 $143
 9 %
Distribution fees480
 468
 12
 3
464
 480
 (16) (3)
Net investment income397
 396
 1
 
328
 397
 (69) (17)
Premiums371
 343
 28
 8
91
 371
 (280) (75)
Other revenues278
 308
 (30) (10)373
 278
 95
 34
Total revenues3,153
 3,184
 (31) (1)3,026
 3,153
 (127) (4)
Banking and deposit interest expense35
 16
 19
 NM
25
 35
 (10) (29)
Total net revenues3,118
 3,168
 (50) (2)3,001
 3,118
 (117) (4)
Expenses              
Distribution expenses900
 905
 (5) (1)995
 900
 95
 11
Interest credited to fixed accounts204
 141
 63
 45
91
 204
 (113) (55)
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses670
 494
 176
 36
(1,747) 670
 (2,417) NM
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs16
 92
 (76) (83)512
 16
 496
 NM
Interest and debt expense53
 51
 2
 4
46
 53
 (7) (13)
General and administrative expense805
 789
 16
 2
753
 805
 (52) (6)
Total expenses2,648
 2,472
 176
 7
650
 2,648
 (1,998) (75)
Pretax income470
 696
 (226) (32)2,351
 470
 1,881
 NM
Income tax provision75
 102
 (27) (26)315
 75
 240
 NM
Net income$395
 $594
 $(199) (34)%$2,036
 $395
 $1,641
 NM
NM Not Meaningful.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

Overall
Pretax income decreased $226 million, or 32%,increased $1.9 billion to $470 million$2.4 billion for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $696$470 million for the prior year period. The following impacts were significant drivers of the period-over-period change in pretax income:
The market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits (net of hedges and the related DSIC and DAC amortization) was an expensea benefit of $142 million$1.7 billion for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to an expense of $5$142 million for the prior year period.
The market impact on IUL benefits (net of hedges and the related DAC amortization, unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual) was an expensea benefit of $51$91 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to an expense of $51 million for the prior year period.
The mean reversion related impact was an expense of $61 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to a benefit of $25$36 million for the prior year period.
The market impact of hedges on investments was an expense of $10 millionnil for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to a benefitan expense of $16 million for the prior year period.
The cumulative impact of asset management net outflows, partially offset by wrap account net inflows.
A vendor credit of $14 million in the prior year period.
The mean reversion related impact was a benefit of $36 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to a benefit of $6$10 million for the prior year period.
A positive impact from higher short-term interest rates, partially offset by lower average equity markets and decreased transactionalincreased client activity.

A negative impact on to both on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet brokerage cash and certificate earnings due to lower short-term interest rates.
AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 
A $27 million favorable change in the mark-to-market impact on share-based compensation expenses.

A $24 million unfavorable change in net realized investment gains/losses, net of the related DSIC and DAC amortization, unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual.
Net Revenues
Net revenues decreased $50$117 million, or 2%4%, to $3.1$3.0 billion for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $3.2$3.1 billion for the prior year period.
Management and financial advice fees decreased $42increased $143 million, or 3%9%, to $1.6$1.8 billion for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $1.7$1.6 billion for the prior year period primarily due to a decrease in AUM. Average AUM decreased $30.3 billion, or 4%, compared to the prior year period primarily due to asset management net outflows and lower average equity markets, partially offset by wrap account net inflows. See our discussion on the changes in AUM in our segment results of operations section.
Premiums increased $28 million, or 8%, to $371 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $343 million for the prior year period reflecting higher average premium in both autoequity markets and home insurance productswrap account net inflows, partially offset by asset management net outflows and higher auto policies in force, as well as higher sales of immediate annuities with a life contingent feature.$19 million performance fee correction.
Other revenuesDistribution fees decreased $30$16 million, or 10%3%, to $278$464 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $308$480 million for the prior year period due to $51 million of lower fees on off-balance sheet brokerage cash primarily due to a decrease in short-term interest rates and variable annuity net outflows, partially offset by higher average equity markets and increased transactional activity.
Net investment income decreased $69 million, or 17%, to $328 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $397 million for the prior year period primarily reflecting the following items:
Net realized investment losses of $19 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to net realized investment gains of $4 million for the prior year period. Net realized investment losses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 included a $23 million increase in allowance for credit losses for Available-for-Sale securities and financing receivables. On January 1, 2020, we adopted a new accounting standard for the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments.
The unfavorable impact of fixed annuity net outflows and the fixed annuities reinsurance transaction.
The unfavorable impact of lower interest rates.
The unfavorable market impact of hedges on investments of $10 million in the prior year period.
A decrease of $10 million due to the sale of AAH.
The favorable impact of higher invested assets related to the bank.
Premiums decreased $280 million, or 75% to $91 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $371 million for the prior year primarily reflecting the sale of AAH. Premiums in the prior year period included $270 million from AAH.
Other revenues increased $95 million, or 34%, to $373 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $278 million due to a $72 million favorable change in unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual offset to the market impact on IUL benefits, and a vendor credit of $14 million infavorable impact from the prior year period, partially offset byfixed annuities reinsurance transaction and higher fees fromon variable annuity guarantee sales in the prior year where the fees start on the first anniversary date and higher average fee rates. The unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual offset to the market impact on IUL benefits was an expense of $17 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to aliving benefit of $13 million for the prior year period.riders.
Banking and deposit interest expense increased $19decreased $10 million, or 29%, to $35$25 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $16$35 million for the prior year period due to higherlower average crediting rates on certificates as well as higherand lower average certificate balances.balances, partially offset by higher interest expense on banking deposits as deposits have grown since we launched the bank in the second quarter of 2019.
Expenses
Total expenses increased $176 million,decreased $2.0 billion, or 7%75%, to $2.6 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $2.5 billion for the prior year period.
Interest credited to fixed accounts increased $63 million, or 45%, to $204 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $141 million for the prior year period primarily due to the market impact on IUL benefits, net of hedges, which was an expense of $43 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to a benefit of $21 million for the prior year period.
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses increased $176 million, or 36%, to $670$650 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $494$2.6 billion for the prior year period.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

Distribution expenses increased $95 million, or 11%, to $995 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $900 million for the prior year period reflecting higher advisor compensation due to an increase in average wrap account balances and increased transactional activity.
Interest credited to fixed accounts decreased $113 million, or 55%, to $91 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $204 million for the prior year period primarily reflecting the following items:
A $171$271 million increasedecrease in expense from the unhedged nonperformance credit spread risk adjustment on variable annuity guaranteedIUL benefits. The unfavorablefavorable impact of the nonperformance credit spread was $158$234 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to a favorablean unfavorable impact of $13$37 million for the prior year period. As the estimate of the nonperformance credit spread over the LIBOR swap curve tightens or widens, the embedded derivative liability will increase or decrease. As the embedded derivative liability on which the nonperformance credit spread is applied increases (decreases), the impact of the nonperformance credit spread is favorable (unfavorable) to expense. The estimated nonperformance credit spread widened by 145 basis points in the quarter due to the recent market dislocation related to the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in the favorable impact.
A $12$160 million increase in auto and home expenses driven by higher auto policies in force.
The mean reversion related impactexpense from other market impacts on IUL benefits, net of hedges, which was a benefitan expense of $16$166 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to an expense of $6 million for the prior year period. The increase in expense was primarily due to a decrease in the discount rate, excluding the nonperformance credit spread, used to value the liabilities.
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses decreased $2.4 billion to a benefit of $1.7 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to an expense of $670 million for the prior year period primarily reflecting the following items:
A $1.7 billion decrease in expense from the unhedged nonperformance credit spread risk adjustment on variable annuity guaranteed benefits. The favorable impact of the nonperformance credit spread was $1.6 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to an unfavorable impact of $158 million for the prior year period. As the estimate of the nonperformance credit spread over the LIBOR swap curve tightens or widens, the embedded derivative liability will increase or decrease. As the embedded derivative liability on which the nonperformance credit spread is applied increases (decreases), the impact of the nonperformance credit spread is favorable (unfavorable) to expense. The estimated nonperformance credit spread widened by 145 basis points in the quarter due to the recent market dislocation related to the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in the favorable impact.
A $528 million decrease in expense from other market impacts on variable annuity guaranteed benefits, net of hedges in place to offset those risks and the related DSIC amortization. This decrease was the result of a favorable $4.9 billion change in the market impact on derivatives hedging the variable annuity guaranteed benefits, an unfavorable $4.4 billion change in the market impact on variable annuity guaranteed living benefits reserves and a favorable $6 million change in the DSIC offset. The main market drivers contributing to these changes are summarized below:
Equity market impact on the variable annuity guaranteed living benefits liability net of the impact on the corresponding hedge assets resulted in a benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to an expense for the prior year period.
Interest rate impact on the variable annuity guaranteed living benefits liability net of the impact on the corresponding hedge assets resulted in a benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to an expense for the prior year period.
Volatility impact on the variable annuity guaranteed living benefits liability net of the impact on the corresponding hedge assets resulted in a higher expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the prior year period.
Other unhedged items, including the difference between the assumed and actual underlying separate account investment performance, fixed income credit exposures, transaction costs and various behavioral items, were a net unfavorable impact compared to the prior year period.
A $226 million decrease in auto and home expenses reflecting the sale of AAH.
The mean reversion related impact was an expense of $24 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to a benefit of $6$16 million for the prior year period.
Amortization of DAC decreased $76increased $496 million or 83%, to $16$512 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $92$16 million for the prior year period primarily reflecting the following items:
The DAC offset to the market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits was a benefitan expense of $28$384 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to an expensea benefit of $5$28 million for the prior year period.
The DAC offset to the market impact on IUL benefits, net of hedges was a benefitan expense of $9$32 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to an expensea benefit of $9 million for the prior year period.
The mean reversion related impact was a benefitan expense of $20$36 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to nila benefit of $20 million for the prior year period.
Income TaxesA $14 million decrease in auto and home expenses reflecting the sale of AAH.
Our effective tax rate was 15.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 comparedInterest and debt expense decreased $7 million, or 13%, to 14.7% for the prior year period. The benefit for net excess tax benefits related to employee share-based payments was $5$46 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $20$53 million for the prior year period primarily due to having less corporate debt outstanding than the year ago period and a decrease in interest expense of CIEs.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

General and administrative expense decreased $52 million, or 6%, to $753 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $805 million for the prior year period primarily reflecting a $27 million favorable change in the mark-to-market impact on share-based compensation expenses and a $31 million decrease in auto and home expenses reflecting the sale of AAH, partially offset by investments for future growth.
Income Taxes
Our effective tax rate was 13.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 15.9% for the prior year period. The decrease in our effective tax rate for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 compared to the prior year period is primarily due to recent tax law changes that resulted in a $144 million tax benefit associated with the forecasted utilization of a 2020 net operating loss (“NOL”) in our life insurance entities that will be applied to previous tax filings, partially offset by higher pretax income in the current period compared to the prior year period. See Note 1816 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion on income taxes.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

Results of Operations by Segment for the Three Months Ended March 31, 20192020 and 20182019 
Adjusted operating earnings is the measure of segment profit or loss management uses to evaluate segment performance. Adjusted operating earnings should not be viewed as a substitute for GAAP pretax income. We believe the presentation of segment adjusted operating earnings as we measure it for management purposes enhances the understanding of our business by reflecting the underlying performance of our core operations and facilitating a more meaningful trend analysis. See Note 2119 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the presentation of segment results and our definition of adjusted operating earnings.
The following table presents summary financial information by segment:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019 20182020 2019
(in millions)
Advice & Wealth Management 
  
 
  
Net revenues$1,554
 $1,501
$1,695
 $1,554
Expenses1,204
 1,185
1,317
 1,204
Adjusted operating earnings$350
 $316
$378
 $350
Asset Management 
  
 
  
Net revenues$689
 $778
$686
 $689
Expenses543
 583
529
 543
Adjusted operating earnings$146
 $195
$157
 $146
Annuities 
  
 
  
Net revenues$604
 $613
$589
 $604
Expenses476
 487
494
 476
Adjusted operating earnings$128
 $126
$95
 $128
Protection 
  
 
  
Net revenues$262
 $253
$257
 $262
Expenses188
 188
185
 188
Adjusted operating earnings$74
 $65
$72
 $74
Corporate & Other 
  
 
  
Net revenues$342
 $323
$62
 $342
Expenses405
 374
112
 405
Adjusted operating loss$(63) $(51)$(50) $(63)

Advice & Wealth Management
The following table presents the changes in wrap account assets and average balances for the three months ended March 31:
2019 20182020 2019
(in billions)
Beginning balance$251.5
 $248.2
$317.5
 $251.5
Net flows4.3
 5.7
6.1
 4.3
Market appreciation (depreciation) and other23.0
 (2.9)(48.1) 23.0
Ending balance$278.8
 $251.0
$275.5
 $278.8
      
Advisory wrap account assets ending balance (1)
$276.1
 $248.7
$272.3
 $276.1
Average advisory wrap account assets (2)
$265.1
 $249.6
$301.4
 $265.1
(1) 
Advisory wrap account assets represent those assets for which clients receive advisory services and are the primary driver of revenue earned on wrap accounts. Clients may hold non-advisory investments in their wrap accounts that do not incur an advisory fee.
(2) 
Average ending balances are calculated using an average of the prior period’s ending balance and all months in the current period.
Wrap account assets increased $27.3decreased $42.0 billion, or 11%13%, during the three months ended March 31, 20192020 due to market depreciation and other of $48.1 billion, partially offset by net inflows of $4.3 billion and market appreciation and other of $23.0$6.1 billion. Average advisory wrap account assets increased $15.5$36.3 billion, or 6%14%, compared to the prior year period primarily reflecting net inflows.inflows and market appreciation in 2019, partially offset by market depreciation in the current quarter.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

The following table presents the changes in wrap account assets for the twelve months ended March 31:
2019 20182020 2019
(in billions)
Beginning balance$251.0
 $212.9
$278.8
 $251.0
Inflows from acquisition (1)

 0.7
Other net flows19.8
 20.6
Net flows19.8
 21.3
19.4
 19.8
Market appreciation (depreciation) and other8.0
 16.8
(22.7) 8.0
Ending balance$278.8
 $251.0
$275.5
 $278.8
Wrap(1)
Inflows associated with acquisition that closed during the period.
Wrap account assets increased $27.8decreased $3.3 billion, or 11%1%, from the prior year period primarily due to market depreciation, partially offset by net inflows and market appreciation.inflows.
The following table presents the results of operations of our Advice & Wealth Management segment on an adjusted operating basis:
Three Months Ended March 31, ChangeThree Months Ended
March 31,
 Change
2019 20182020 2019
(in millions)  (in millions)  
Revenues              
Management and financial advice fees$878
 $848
 $30
 4%$1,024
 $878
 $146
 17 %
Distribution fees561
 557
 4
 1
548
 561
 (13) (2)
Net investment income99
 69
 30
 43
100
 99
 1
 1
Other revenues51
 43
 8
 19
48
 51
 (3) (6)
Total revenues1,589
 1,517
 72
 5
1,720
 1,589
 131
 8
Banking and deposit interest expense35
 16
 19
 NM
25
 35
 (10) (29)
Total net revenues1,554
 1,501
 53
 4
1,695
 1,554
 141
 9
Expenses              
Distribution expenses870
 869
 1
 
970
 870
 100
 11
Interest and debt expense3
 3
 
 
2
 3
 (1) (33)
General and administrative expense331
 313
 18
 6
345
 331
 14
 4
Total expenses1,204
 1,185
 19
 2
1,317
 1,204
 113
 9
Adjusted operating earnings$350
 $316
 $34
 11%$378
 $350
 $28
 8 %
NM Not Meaningful.
Our Advice & Wealth Management segment pretax adjusted operating earnings, which exclude net realized investment gains or losses, increased $34$28 million, or 11%8%, to $350$378 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $316$350 million for the prior year period reflectingdue to higher average wrap account net inflowsbalances and higherincreased transactional activity, partially offset by lower earnings on brokerage cash partially offset by decreased transactional activity and higher general and administrative expense. Pretax adjusted operating margin was 22.5%22.3% for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to 21.1%22.5% for the prior year period.
We launched Ameriprise Bank, FSB in the second quarter of 2019 and continued to add deposits in the first quarter of 2020, with a total of $6.2 billion of cash sweep balances as of March 31, 2020. In the third quarter of 2019, we purchased the existing Ameriprise portfolio of credit card accounts from a third-party bank.
Net Revenues
Net revenues exclude net realized investment gains or losses. Net revenues increased $53$141 million, or 4%9%, to $1.6$1.7 billion for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $1.5$1.6 billion for the prior year period. Adjusted operating net revenue per advisor increased to $156,000$172,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019,2020, up 3%10%, from $152,000$156,000 for the prior year period.
Management and financial advice fees increased $30$146 million, or 4%17%, to $878 million$1.0 billion for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $848$878 million for the prior year period primarily due to growth in average wrap account assets. Average advisory wrap account assets increased $15.5$36.4 billion, or 6%14%, compared to the prior year period primarily reflecting net inflows.inflows and higher average equity markets.
Distribution fees increased $4decreased $13 million, or 1%2%, to $561$548 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $557$561 million for the prior year period reflecting higher earnings $51 million of lower fees on off-balance sheet brokerage cash due to an increasea decrease in short-term interest rates partially offset by decreasedmore than offsetting an increase in brokerage cash balances, as well as increased transactional activity due to market volatility.activity.
Net investment income, which excludes net realized investment gains or losses, increased $30$1 million, or 43%1%, to $99$100 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $69$99 million for the prior year period primarily from higher average invested assets due to increased bank deposits, partially offset by lower certificate balances and lower average investment yields.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

Banking and deposit interest expense decreased $10 million, or 29%, to $25 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $35 million for the prior year period due to lower average crediting rates on certificates and lower average certificate balances, partially offset by higher interest expense on banking deposits as deposits have grown since we launched the bank in the second quarter of 2019.
Expenses
Total expenses increased $113 million, or 9%, to $1.3 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $1.2 billion for the prior year period.
Distribution expenses increased $100 million, or 11%, to $970 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $870 million for the prior year period reflecting higher advisor compensation due to an increase in average wrap account balances, increased transactional activity and investments in recruiting experienced advisors, partially offset by lower mark-to-market impact on advisor deferred compensation expense.
General and administrative expense increased $14 million, or 4%, to $345 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $331 million for the prior year period primarily due to higher average investment yields on assets related to certificates and higher average invested balances due to certificate net inflows.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

Banking and deposit interest expense increased $19 million to $35 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $16 million for the prior year period due to higher average client crediting rates on certificates, as well as higher average certificate balances.
Expenses
Total expenses increased $19 million, or 2%, to $1.2 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the prior year period.
General and administrative expense increased $18 million, or 6%, to $331 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $313 million for the prior year period primarily due to higher staffing costs and investments in business growth.growth, including the bank.
Asset Management
The following tables present the mutual fund performance of our retail Columbia and Threadneedle Investments funds as of March 31:
Columbia
Mutual Fund Rankings in top 2 Lipper Quartiles
Columbia
Mutual Fund Rankings in top 2 Lipper Quartiles
2019 2018Columbia
Mutual Fund Rankings in top 2 Lipper Quartiles
2020 2019
Domestic EquityEqual weighted1 year40% 57%Equal weighted1 year54% 40%
 3 year50% 72% 3 year51% 50%
 5 year63% 69% 5 year59% 63%
Asset weighted1 year48% 58%Asset weighted1 year75% 48%
 3 year58% 81% 3 year69% 58%
 5 year77% 80% 5 year75% 77%
International EquityEqual weighted1 year40% 85%
  3 year65% 65%
  5 year65% 75%
 Asset weighted1 year43% 57%
  3 year80% 46%
  5 year66% 57%
Taxable Fixed IncomeEqual weighted1 year71% 74%
  3 year75% 72%
  5 year80% 76%
 Asset weighted1 year59% 80%
  3 year76% 77%
  5 year83% 82%
Tax Exempt Fixed IncomeEqual weighted1 year84% 84%
  3 year100% 89%
  5 year89% 100%
 Asset weighted1 year85% 91%
  3 year100% 92%
  5 year91% 100%
Asset Allocation FundsEqual weighted1 year46% 60%
  3 year55% 69%
  5 year100% 78%
 Asset weighted1 year66% 51%
  3 year50% 90%
  5 year100% 94%
Number of funds with 4 or 5 Morningstar star ratings Overall49
 56
  3 year55
 52
  5 year52
 53
International EquityEqual weighted1 year64% 40%
  3 year80% 65%
  5 year60% 65%
 Asset weighted1 year54% 43%
  3 year84% 80%
  5 year61% 66%

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

Percent of funds with 4 or 5 Morningstar star ratings Overall48% 53%
  3 year53% 50%
  5 year53% 54%
Taxable Fixed IncomeEqual weighted1 year33% 71%
  3 year47% 75%
  5 year75% 80%
 Asset weighted1 year20% 59%
  3 year29% 76%
  5 year79% 83%
Percent of assets with 4 or 5 Morningstar star ratings Overall54% 61%
  3 year53% 52%
  5 year61% 61%
Tax Exempt Fixed IncomeEqual weighted1 year63% 84%
  3 year89% 100%
  5 year100% 89%
 Asset weighted1 year41% 85%
  3 year89% 100%
  5 year100% 91%
Asset Allocation FundsEqual weighted1 year77% 46%
  3 year85% 55%
  5 year91% 100%
 Asset weighted1 year91% 66%
  3 year95% 50%
  5 year96% 100%
Number of funds with 4 or 5 Morningstar star ratings Overall56
 49
  3 year41
 55
  5 year48
 52
Percent of funds with 4 or 5 Morningstar star ratings Overall54% 48%
  3 year39% 53%
  5 year47% 53%
Percent of assets with 4 or 5 Morningstar star ratings Overall63% 54%
  3 year43% 53%
  5 year57% 61%
Mutual fund performance rankings are based on the performance of the Institutional Class for Columbia branded mutual funds. Only funds with Institutional Class shares are included.
Equal Weighted Rankings in Top 2 Quartiles: Counts the number of funds with above median ranking divided by the total number of funds. Asset size is not a factor.
Asset Weighted Rankings in Top 2 Quartiles: Sums the total assets of the funds with above median ranking divided by total assets of all funds. Funds with more assets will receive a greater share of the total percentage above or below median.
Threadneedle
Retail Fund Rankings in Top 2 Morningstar Quartiles or Above Index Benchmark
2020 2019
EquityEqual weighted1 year79% 50%
  3 year71% 49%
  5 year66% 73%
 Asset weighted1 year84% 67%
  3 year80% 60%
  5 year78% 80%
Fixed IncomeEqual weighted1 year52% 72%
  3 year68% 70%
  5 year84% 80%
 Asset weighted1 year47% 91%
  3 year51% 84%
  5 year93% 94%
Threadneedle
Retail Fund Rankings in Top 2 Morningstar Quartiles or Above Index Benchmark
2019 2018
EquityEqual weighted1 year52% 57%
  3 year49% 64%
  5 year73% 61%
 Asset weighted1 year68% 53%
  3 year60% 59%
  5 year80% 51%

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

Fixed IncomeEqual weighted1 year72% 79%
  3 year74% 69%
  5 year80% 80%
 Asset weighted1 year91% 91%
  3 year89% 89%
  5 year92% 91%
Allocation (Managed) FundsEqual weighted1 year38% 50%
  3 year75% 88%
  5 year100% 100%
 Asset weighted1 year40% 45%
  3 year84% 99%
  5 year100% 100%
Allocation (Managed) FundsEqual weighted1 year44% 63%
  3 year50% 75%
  5 year88% 100%
 Asset weighted1 year52% 80%
  3 year53% 84%
  5 year99% 100%
The performance of each fund is measured on a consistent basis against the most appropriate benchmark a peer group of similar funds or an index. Prior period rankings have been adjusted to reflect foreign exchange forward and spot contract transactions executed by those funds, and also to include cash items, primarily fee rebates, that were previously excluded from the gross performance calculations.
Equal weighted: Counts the number of funds with above median ranking (if measured against peer group) or above index performance (if measured against an index) divided by the total number of funds. Asset size is not a factor. 
Asset weighted: Sums the assets of the funds with above median ranking (if measured against peer group) or above index performance (if measured against an index) divided by the total sum of assets in the funds. Funds with more assets will receive a greater share of the total percentage above or below median or index. 
Aggregated Allocation (Managed) Funds include funds that invest in other funds of the Threadneedle range including those funds that invest in both equity and fixed income. 
Aggregated Threadneedle data includes funds on the Threadneedle platform sub-advised by Columbia Management as well as advisors not affiliated with Ameriprise Financial, Inc.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

The following table presents global managed assets by type:
March 31, Change 
Average (1)
 ChangeMarch 31, Change 
Average (1)
 Change
Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 20182019 20182020 20192020 2019
(in billions)
Equity$250.7
 $267.7
 $(17.0) (6)% $244.0
 $276.0
 $(32.0) (12)%$210.5
 $250.7
 $(40.2) (16)% $246.8
 $244.0
 $2.8
 1 %
Fixed income166.1
 172.1
 (6.0) (3) 164.5
 173.1
 (8.6) (5)174.0
 166.1
 7.9
 5
 181.2
 164.5
 16.7
 10
Money market5.1
 5.3
 (0.2) (4) 5.0
 5.5
 (0.5) (9)5.0
 5.1
 (0.1) (2) 4.7
 5.0
 (0.3) (6)
Alternative3.2
 5.5
 (2.3) (42) 3.1
 5.5
 (2.4) (44)2.7
 3.2
 (0.5) (16) 3.0
 3.1
 (0.1) (3)
Hybrid and other34.0
 34.7
 (0.7) (2) 33.5
 35.0
 (1.5) (4)34.0
 34.0
 
 
 35.4
 33.5
 1.9
 6
Total managed assets$459.1
 $485.3
 $(26.2) (5)% $450.1
 $495.1
 $(45.0) (9)%$426.2
 $459.1
 $(32.9) (7)% $471.1
 $450.1
 $21.0
 5 %
(1) Average ending balances are calculated using an average of the prior period’s ending balance and all months in the current period.
(1) Average ending balances are calculated using an average of the prior period’s ending balance and all months in the current period.
(1) Average ending balances are calculated using an average of the prior period’s ending balance and all months in the current period.
The following table presents the changes in global managed assets:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended
March 31,
2019 20182020 2019
(in billions)
Global Retail Funds      
Beginning assets$247.9
 $287.8
$287.5
 $247.9
Inflows11.6
 13.2
17.4
 11.6
Outflows(15.1) (17.0)(20.0) (15.1)
Net VP/VIT fund flows(0.8) (0.7)(0.8) (0.8)
Net new flows(4.3) (4.5)(3.4) (4.3)
Reinvested dividends0.6
 0.4
0.5
 0.6
Net flows(3.7) (4.1)(2.9) (3.7)
Distributions(0.7) (0.7)(0.7) (0.7)
Market appreciation (depreciation) and other24.1
 (2.4)(43.5) 24.1
Foreign currency translation (1)
0.4
 1.5
(1.3) 0.4
Total ending assets268.0
 282.1
239.1
 268.0
   
Global Institutional   
Beginning assets182.8
 206.8
Inflows5.3
 6.3
Outflows(8.8) (9.9)
Net flows(3.5) (3.6)
Market appreciation (depreciation) and other (2)
10.6
 (2.9)
Foreign currency translation (1)
1.2
 2.9
Total ending assets191.1
 203.2
Total managed assets$459.1
 $485.3
Total net flows$(7.2) $(7.7)
   
Former Parent Company Related (3)
   
Retail net new flows$(0.3) $(0.6)
Institutional net new flows(0.8) (1.0)
Total net new flows$(1.1) $(1.6)

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

 Three Months Ended
March 31,
2020 2019
(in billions)
Global Institutional   
Beginning assets206.7
 182.8
Inflows8.4
 5.3
Outflows(8.0) (8.8)
Net flows0.4
 (3.5)
Market appreciation (depreciation) and other (2)
(16.6) 10.6
Foreign currency translation (1)
(3.4) 1.2
Total ending assets187.1
 191.1
Total managed assets$426.2
 $459.1
Total net flows$(2.5) $(7.2)
    
Former Parent Company Related (3)
   
Retail net new flows$(0.2) $(0.3)
Institutional net new flows(0.6) (0.8)
Total net new flows$(0.8) $(1.1)
(1) Amounts represent local currency to US dollar translation for reporting purposes.
(2) Includes $(0.2)$1.9 billion and $(1.0)$(0.2) billion for the total change in Affiliated General Account Assets during the three months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, respectively.
(3) Former parent company related assets and net new flows are included in the rollforwards above.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

In March 2017, the The United Kingdom (UK) invoked article 50 of the Treaty of Lisbon in serving its relevant notice to leave(“UK”) withdrew from the European Union.Union (“EU”) on January 31, 2020, pursuant to a transitionary withdrawal agreement with the EU that in substance maintains the pre-withdrawal, status quo until the end of 2020. The full impact of the British exit from the EU (commonly known as “Brexit”) remainsand its related consequences remain uncertain, about howincluding with respect to ongoing negotiations relating tobetween the UK’s withdrawalUK and EU and new trade agreements will be conducted, as well as the potential consequences and precise timeframe for Brexit. We continue to actively monitor Brexit negotiations and given the current status, we are preparing (as much as possible) for any potential disruptions which may arise from a “no deal Brexit.” The extension of negotiations until October 31, 2019 provides us with additional time to plan for any “no deal” scenario. global trading partners. This uncertainty may have a negative impact on our UK and European net flows and(as well as foreign currency translation if the British Pound weakens.weakens).
Total segment AUM increased $28.4decreased $68.0 billion, or 7%14%,during the three months ended March 31, 2019drivenby market appreciation, partially offset by net outflows of $7.2 billion. Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) retail net2020. Net outflows were $1.5$2.5 billion in the first quarter reflecting negative consumer sentiment associated with Brexit and geopolitical concernsof 2020, a $4.7 billion improvement compared to the prior year period. Elevated redemptions in Europe. U.S. retailMarch due to the market dislocation related to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in net outflows were $2.2 billion infor the quarter and reflected continued outflows in active equity funds. Third party institutionalquarter. Global retail outflows were elevated$2.9 billion, as inflows in January and February reversed in March when redemptions increased. Global institutional net inflows were $0.4 billion and included $0.6 billion of outflows from redemptions and lower mandate fundings.former parent-related assets.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

The following table presents the results of operations of our Asset Management segment on an adjusted operating basis:
Three Months Ended March 31, ChangeThree Months Ended
March 31,
 Change
2019 20182020 2019
(in millions)  (in millions)  
Revenues              
Management and financial advice fees$584
 $645
 $(61) (9)%$583
 $584
 $(1)  %
Distribution fees98
 114
 (16) (14)103
 98
 5
 5
Net investment income6
 2
 4
 NM

 6
 (6) NM
Other revenues1
 17
 (16) (94)
 1
 (1) NM
Total revenues689
 778
 (89) (11)686
 689
 (3) 
Banking and deposit interest expense
 
 
 

 
 
 
Total net revenues689
 778
 (89) (11)686
 689
 (3) 
Expenses              
Distribution expenses223
 249
 (26) (10)231
 223
 8
 4
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs3
 3
 
 
3
 3
 
 
Interest and debt expense6
 6
 
 
1
 6
 (5) (83)
General and administrative expense311
 325
 (14) (4)294
 311
 (17) (5)
Total expenses543
 583
 (40) (7)529
 543
 (14) (3)
Adjusted operating earnings$146
 $195
 $(49) (25)%$157
 $146
 $11
 8 %
NM Not Meaningful.
Our Asset Management segment pretax adjusted operating earnings, which exclude net realized investment gains or losses, decreased $49increased $11 million, or 25%8%, to $146$157 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $195$146 million for the prior year period primarily due to higher average equity markets and lower expenses, partially offset by the cumulative impact of net outflows lower average equity markets and a vendor credit of $14$15 million in the first quarter of 2018.net performance fee correction.
Net Revenues
Net revenues, which exclude net realized investment gains or losses, decreased $89$3 million or 11%, to $689$686 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $778$689 million for the prior year period.
Management and financial advice fees decreased $61$1 million or 9%, to $584$583 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $645$584 million for the prior year period driven by higher average equity markets, partially offset by cumulative net outflows lower average equity markets and a $10$19 million negative foreign currency translation impact. Our average weighted equity index, which is a proxy for equity movements on AUM, decreased 3% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the prior year period.performance fee correction.
Distribution fees decreased $16increased $5 million, or 14%5%, to $98$103 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $114$98 million for the prior year period primarily due to thehigher average equity markets, partially offset by cumulative impact of net outflows and lower average equity markets.outflows.
Other revenuesNet investment income, which excludes net realized investment gains or losses, decreased $16$6 million, to nil for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $6 million for the prior year period primarily reflecting seed money mark-to-market gains in the prior year period.
Expenses
Total expenses decreased $14 million, or 94%3%, to $1$529 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $17$543 million for the prior year period due to a $14 million vendor credit in the first quarter of 2018 related to the completion of our front, middle and back-office integration.period.
Expenses
TotalDistribution expenses decreased $40increased $8 million, or 7%4%, to $543$231 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $583 million for the prior year period.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

Distribution expenses decreased $26 million, or 10%, to $223 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $249 million for the prior year period primarily due to higher average equity markets, partially offset by the cumulative impact of net outflows and lower average equity markets.outflows.
General and administrative expense decreased $14$17 million, or 4%5%, to $311$294 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $325$311 million for the prior year period primarily due to lower performance fee related compensation, a favorable change in the mark-to-market impact on share-based compensation expenses, and reengineering initiatives and a $6 million positive foreign currency translation impact.initiatives.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

Annuities
The following table presents the results of operations of our Annuities segment on an adjusted operating basis:
Three Months Ended March 31, ChangeThree Months Ended
March 31,
 Change
2019 20182020 2019
(in millions)  (in millions)  
Revenues              
Management and financial advice fees$188
 $200
 $(12) (6)%$189
 $188
 $1
 1 %
Distribution fees84
 88
 (4) (5)83
 84
 (1) (1)
Net investment income156
 164
 (8) (5)126
 156
 (30) (19)
Premiums34
 24
 10
 42
25
 34
 (9) (26)
Other revenues142
 137
 5
 4
166
 142
 24
 17
Total revenues604
 613
 (9) (1)589
 604
 (15) (2)
Banking and deposit interest expense
 
 
 

 
 
 
Total net revenues604
 613
 (9) (1)589
 604
 (15) (2)
Expenses              
Distribution expenses104
 110
 (6) (5)102
 104
 (2) (2)
Interest credited to fixed accounts109
 113
 (4) (4)113
 109
 4
 4
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses164
 156
 8
 5
173
 164
 9
 5
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs42
 50
 (8) (16)46
 42
 4
 10
Interest and debt expense11
 9
 2
 22
12
 11
 1
 9
General and administrative expense46
 49
 (3) (6)48
 46
 2
 4
Total expenses476
 487
 (11) (2)494
 476
 18
 4
Adjusted operating earnings$128
 $126
 $2
 2 %$95
 $128
 $(33) (26)%
Our Annuities segment pretax adjusted operating earnings, which excludes net realized investment gains or losses (net of the related DSIC and DAC amortization), the market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits (net of hedges and the related DSIC and DAC amortization), the market impact on fixed index annuity benefits (net of hedges and the related DAC amortization) and mean reversion related impacts, increased $2decreased $33 million, or 2%26%, to $128$95 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $126$128 million for the prior year period reflecting volatile markets and low interest rates.
RiverSource variable annuity account balances declined 2%9% to $76.9$70.0 billion as of March 31, 20192020 compared to the prior year period due toreflecting net outflows of $3.2$3.0 billion partially offset by equityand market appreciation.depreciation. Variable annuity sales declined inincreased 24% compared to the first quarter of 2019 relatedprior year period reflecting changes to lower client transactional activity associated with the recent market disruption.product offerings.
RiverSource fixed deferred annuity account balances declined 6%5% to $8.6$8.2 billion as of March 31, 20192020 compared to the prior year period as older policies continue to lapse and new sales are limited due to low interest rates. Given the current interest rate environment, our current fixed deferred annuity book is expected to gradually run off and earnings on our fixed deferred annuity business will trend down. We reinsured approximately 20% of our fixed annuities block during the first quarter of 2019. The reinsurance transaction has a marginal impact on fixed annuity adjusted pretax operating earnings.
Net Revenues
Management and financial advice fees decreased $12increased $1 million, or 6%1%, to $188$189 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $200$188 million for the prior year period primarily due to lower fees on variable annuities driven by lowerhigher average separate account balances. Average variable annuity account balances decreased $5.2 billion, or 7%, from the prior year period due to lowerdriven by higher average equity markets, andoffset by net outflows.
Net investment income, which excludes net realized investment gains or losses, decreased $8$30 million, or 5%19%, to $156$126 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $164$156 million for the prior year period reflecting lower average invested assets due to fixed annuity net outflows.outflows, an unfavorable impact related to the fixed annuities reinsurance transaction, and lower earned interest rates.
Premiums decreased $9 million, or 26%, to $25 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $34 million for the prior year period reflecting lower sales of immediate annuities with a life contingent feature.
Other revenues increased $24 million, or 17%, to $166 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $142 million for the prior year period primarily due to accretion on our fixed annuities reinsurance deposit receivable, additional collection days compared to the prior year period, and higher fees from variable annuity guarantee sales in the prior year where the fees start on the first anniversary date and higher average fee rates.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

PremiumsExpenses
Interest credited to fixed accounts increased $10$4 million, or 42%4%, to $34$113 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $24$109 million for the prior year period primarily due to higher sales of immediate annuities with a life contingent feature.
Expenses
Distribution expenses decreased $6 million, or 5%, to $104 million foran increase in the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $110 million for the prior year period reflecting lower variable annuity sales.
Interest credited to fixed accounts decreased $4 million, or 4%, to $109 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $113 million for the prior year periodaverage crediting rate due to lower averagea mix shift within the products, partially offset by a decline in fixed deferred annuity account balances.
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses,, which exclude the market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits (net of hedges and the related DSIC amortization), mean reversion related impacts, and the DSIC offset to net realized investment gains or losses, increased $8$9 million, or 5%, to $164$173 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $156$164 million for the prior year period primarily due to higher reserve funding, partially offset by lower sales of immediate annuities with a life contingent feature.
Amortization of DAC, which excludes mean reversion related impacts, the DAC offset to the market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits and fixed index annuity benefits and the DAC offset to net realized investment gains or losses, decreased $8increased $4 million, or 16%10%, to $42$46 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $50$42 million for the prior year period driven byprimarily reflecting normal year over year experience differences.differences for variable annuities.
Protection
The following table presents the results of operations of our Protection segment on an adjusted operating basis:
Three Months Ended March 31, ChangeThree Months Ended
March 31,
 Change
2019 20182020 2019
(in millions)  (in millions)  
Revenues              
Management and financial advice fees$11
 $12
 $(1) (8)%$10
 $11
 $(1) (9)%
Distribution fees23
 23
 
 
22
 23
 (1) (4)
Net investment income78
 70
 8
 11
76
 78
 (2) (3)
Premiums50
 52
 (2) (4)49
 50
 (1) (2)
Other revenues100
 96
 4
 4
100
 100
 
 
Total revenues262
 253
 9
 4
257
 262
 (5) (2)
Banking and deposit interest expense
 
 
 

 
 
 
Total net revenues262
 253
 9
 4
257
 262
 (5) (2)
Expenses              
Distribution expenses11
 11
 
 
9
 11
 (2) (18)
Interest credited to fixed accounts52
 49
 3
 6
53
 52
 1
 2
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses74
 78
 (4) (5)74
 74
 
 
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs14
 12
 2
 17
10
 14
 (4) (29)
Interest and debt expense4
 3
 1
 33
5
 4
 1
 25
General and administrative expense33
 35
 (2) (6)34
 33
 1
 3
Total expenses188
 188
 
 
185
 188
 (3) (2)
Adjusted operating earnings$74
 $65
 $9
 14 %$72
 $74
 $(2) (3)%
Our Protection segment pretax adjusted operating earnings, which excludes net realized investment gains or losses (net of the related DAC amortization, unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual), the market impact on IUL benefits (net of hedges and the related DAC amortization, unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual), and mean reversion related impacts, increased $9decreased $2 million, or 14%3%, to $74$72 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $65$74 million for the prior year period.
Net Revenues
Net investment income, which excludes net realized investment gains or losses, increased $8decreased $2 million, or 11%3%, to $78$76 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $70 million for the prior year period reflecting higher average invested assets.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

Expenses
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses decreased $4 million, or 5%, to $74 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $78 million for the prior year period reflecting favorable life claims, partially offset by unfavorable disability incomelower investment yields.
Expenses
Amortization of DAC decreased $4 million, or 29%, to $10 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $14 million for the prior year period primarily reflecting a decrease in claims.
Corporate & Other
The following table presents the results of operations of our Corporate & Other segment on an adjusted operating basis:
Three Months Ended March 31, ChangeThree Months Ended
March 31,
 Change
2019 20182020 2019
(in millions)  (in millions)  
Revenues              
Management and financial advice fees$1
 $2
 $(1) (50)%$
 $1
 $(1) NM
Distribution fees2
 1
 1
 NM

 2
 (2) NM
Net investment income44
 44
 
 
32
 44
 (12) (27)%
Premiums296
 275
 21
 8
25
 296
 (271) (92)
Other revenues1
 2
 (1) (50)6
 1
 5
 NM
Total revenues344
 324
 20
 6
63
 344
 (281) (82)
Banking and deposit interest expense2
 1
 1
 NM
1
 2
 (1) (50)
Total net revenues342
 323
 19
 6
62
 342
 (280) (82)
Expenses              
Distribution expenses2
 3
 (1) (33)(2) 2
 (4) NM
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses282
 270
 12
 4
57
 282
 (225) (80)
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs14
 13
 1
 8

 14
 (14) NM
Interest and debt expense12
 9
 3
 33
12
 12
 
 
General and administrative expense95
 79
 16
 20
45
 95
 (50) (53)
Total expenses405
 374
 31
 8
112
 405
 (293) (72)
Adjusted operating loss$(63) $(51) $(12) (24)%$(50) $(63) $13
 21 %
NM Not Meaningful.
Our Corporate & Other segment pretax adjusted operating loss excludes net realized investment gains or losses, the market impact of hedges to offset interest rate changes on unrealized gains or losses for certain investments, gain or loss on disposal of a business that is not considered discontinued operations, integration and restructuring charges, and the impact of consolidating CIEs. Our Corporate & Other segment pretax adjusted operating loss increased $12decreased $13 million, or 24%21%, to $63$50 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $51$63 million for the prior year period.
Our Corporate & Other segment includes our closed block long term care (“LTC”) insurance, which had pretax adjusted operating earnings of $6$2 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $2$6 million for the prior year period and reflected favorable claims experience and higher net investment income.period.
Our auto and home business, which was previously included in our Protection segment, was moved to the Corporate & Other segment in the first quarter of 2019 due to our announcement of the planned sale of the business. Auto and Homehome pretax adjusted operating earnings were $9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared2019. We sold AAH on October 1, 2019.
Net Revenues
Net investment income, which excludes net realized investment gains or losses, the market impact of hedges to $5 millionoffset interest rate changes on unrealized gains or losses for certain investments, integration and restructuring charges, and the prior year period.
Premiums increased $21impact of consolidating CIEs, decreased $12 million, or 8%27%, to $296$32 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $275$44 million for the prior year period primarily reflecting higher average premium in both auto and home insurance products and higher auto policies in force.the sale of AAH.
Premiums decreased $271 million, or 92%, to $25 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $296 million for the prior year period primarily reflecting the sale of AAH.
Expenses
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses increased $12decreased $225 million, or 4%80%, to $282 million$57 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $270$282 million for the prior year period primarily reflecting the sale of AAHhigher auto policies in force. Catastrophe losses (net.
Amortization of the impact of reinsurance) wereDAC decreased $14 million to nil for both the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.2020 compared to $14 million for the prior year period reflecting the sale of AAH.
General and administrative expense, increased $16which excludes integration and restructuring charges, decreased $50 million, or 20%53%, to $95$45 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to $79$95 million for the prior year period primarily due to higher performance-basedthe sale of AAH, an $18 million favorable change in the mark-to-market impact on share-based compensation investments in growth initiatives, including technology infrastructureexpenses and expenses associated with the establishment of the bank.lower investment expenses.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

Market Risk
Our primary market risk exposures are interest rate, equity price, foreign currency exchange rate and credit risk. Equity price and interest rate fluctuations can have a significant impact on our results of operations, primarily due to the effects they have on the asset management and other asset-based fees we earn, the spread income generated on our fixed deferred annuities, fixed insurance, brokerage client cash balances, banking deposits, face-amount certificate products and the fixed portion of our variable annuities and variable insurance contracts, the value of DAC and DSIC assets, the value of liabilities for guaranteed benefits associated with our variable annuities and the value of derivatives held to hedge these benefits.
Our earnings from fixed deferred annuities, fixed insurance, and the fixed portion of variable annuities and variable insurance contracts are based upon the spread between rates earned on assets held and the rates at which interest is credited to accounts. We primarily invest in fixed rate securities to fund the rate credited to clients. We guarantee an interest rate to the holders of these products. Investment assets and client liabilities generally differ as it relates to basis, repricing or maturity characteristics. Rates credited to clients’ accounts generally reset at shorter intervals than the yield on the underlying investments. Therefore, in an increasing interest rate environment, higher interest rates may be reflected in crediting rates to clients sooner than in rates earned on invested assets, which could result in a reduced spread between the two rates, reduced earned income and a negative impact on pretax income. However, the current low interest rate environment is resulting in interest rates below the level of some of our liability guaranteed minimum interest rates (“GMIRs”). Hence, a modest rise in interest rates would not necessarily result in changes to all the liability credited rates while projected asset purchases would capture the full increase in interest rates. This dynamic would result in widening spreads under a modestly rising rate scenario given the current relationship between the current level of interest rates and the underlying GMIRs on the business.
As a result of the low interest rate environment, our current reinvestment yields are generally lower than the current portfolio yield. We expect our portfolio income yields to continue to decline in future periods if interest rates remain low. The carrying value and weighted average yield of non-structured fixed maturity securities and commercial mortgage loans that may generate proceeds to reinvest through March 31,September 30, 2021 due to prepayment, maturity or call activity at the option of the issuer, excluding securities with a make-whole provision, were $5.0$4.1 billion and 3.6%3.1%, respectively, as of March 31, 2019.2020. In addition, residential mortgage backed securities, which are subject to prepayment risk as a result of the low interest rate environment, totaled $6.3$9.7 billion and had a weighted average yield of 3.2%2.3% as of March 31, 2019.2020. While these amounts represent investments that could be subject to reinvestment risk, it is also possible that these investments will be used to fund liabilities or may not be prepaid and will remain invested at their current yields. In addition to the interest rate environment, the mix of benefit payments versus product sales as well as the timing and volumes associated with such mix may impact our investment yield. Furthermore, reinvestment activities and the associated investment yield may also be impacted by corporate strategies implemented at management’s discretion. The average yield for investment purchases during the three months ended March 31, 20192020 was approximately 3.3%2.4%.
The reinvestment of proceeds from maturities, calls and prepayments at rates below the current portfolio yield, which may be below the level of some liability GMIRs, will have a negative impact to future operating results. To mitigate the unfavorable impact that the low interest rate environment has on our spread income, we assess reinvestment risk in our investment portfolio and monitor this risk in accordance with our asset/liability management framework. In addition, we may reduce the crediting rates on our fixed products when warranted, subject to guaranteed minimums.
In addition to the fixed rate exposures noted above, RiverSource Life has the following variable annuity guarantee benefits: guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (“GMWB”), guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits (“GMAB”), guaranteed minimum death benefits (“GMDB”) and guaranteed minimum income benefits (“GMIB”). Each of these benefits guarantees payouts to the annuity holder under certain specific conditions regardless of the performance of the underlying invested assets.
The variable annuity guarantees continue to be managed by utilizing a hedging program which attempts to match the sensitivity of the assets with the sensitivity of the liabilities. This approach works with the premise that matched sensitivities will produce a highly effective hedging result. Our comprehensive hedging program focuses mainly on first order sensitivities of assets and liabilities: Equity Market Level (Delta), Interest Rate Level (Rho) and Volatility (Vega). Additionally, various second order sensitivities are managed. We use various options, (equity index, interest rate swaptions, etc.), swaps (interest rate, total return, etc.) and futures to manage risk exposures. The exposures are measured and monitored daily, and adjustments to the hedge portfolio are made as necessary.
We have a macro hedge program to provide protection against the statutory tail scenario risk arising from variable annuity reserves on our statutory surplus and to cover some of the residual risks not covered by other hedging activities. We assess the residual risk under a range of scenarios in creating and executing the macro hedge program. As a means of economically hedging these risks, we may use a combination of futures, options, swaps and swaptions. Certain of the macro hedge derivatives used contain settlement provisions linked to both equity returns and interest rates; the remaining are interest rate contracts or equity contracts. The macro hedge program could result in additional earnings volatility as changes in the value of the macro hedge derivatives, which are designed to reduce statutory capital volatility, may not be closely aligned to changes in the variable annuity guarantee embedded derivatives.
To evaluate interest rate and equity price risk we perform sensitivity testing which measures the impact on pretax income from the sources listed below for a 12-month period following a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates or a hypothetical 10% decline in equity prices. The interest rate risk test assumes a sudden 100 basis point parallel shift in the yield curve, with rates then

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

staying at those levels for the next 12 months. The equity price risk test assumes a sudden 10% drop in equity prices, with equity

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

prices then staying at those levels for the next 12 months. In estimating the values of variable annuity riders,annuities, fixed deferred indexed annuities, stock market certificates, IUL insurance and the associated hedge assets, we assume no change in implied market volatility despite the 10% drop in equity prices.
The following tables present our estimate of the impact on pretax income from the above defined hypothetical market movements as of March 31, 2019:2020:
Equity Price Decline 10% Equity Price Exposure to Pretax Income  Equity Price Exposure to Pretax Income 
Before Hedge Impact Hedge Impact Net ImpactBefore Hedge Impact Hedge Impact Net Impact
 (in millions)  (in millions) 
Asset-based management and distribution fees (1)
 $(252) $5
 $(247)  $(212) $4
 $(208) 
DAC and DSIC amortization (2)(3)
 (27) 
 (27)  (25) 
 (25) 
Variable annuity riders:  
  
  
 
Variable annuities:  
  
  
 
GMDB and GMIB (3)
 (13) 
 (13)  (28) 
 (28) 
GMWB (3)
 (333) 345
 12
  (644) 749
 105
 
GMAB (20) 21
 1
  (39) 37
 (2) 
Structured annuities 7
 (6) 1
 
DAC and DSIC amortization (4)
 N/A
 N/A
 (12)  N/A
 N/A
 (16) 
Total variable annuity riders (366) 366
 (12) 
Total variable annuities (704) 780
 60
 
Macro hedge program (5)
 
 48
 48
  
 88
 88
 
Indexed annuities 3
 (3) 
 
Fixed deferred indexed annuities 2
 (2) 
 
Certificates 5
 (5) 
  3
 (3) 
 
IUL insurance 66
 (59) 7
  22
 (18) 4
 
Total $(571) $352
 $(231)
(6) 
 $(914) $849
 $(81)
(6) 
Interest Rate Increase 100 Basis Points Interest Rate Exposure to Pretax Income  Interest Rate Exposure to Pretax Income 
Before Hedge Impact Hedge Impact Net ImpactBefore Hedge Impact Hedge Impact Net Impact
 (in millions)  (in millions) 
Asset-based management and distribution fees (1)
 $(57) $
 $(57)  $(45) $
 $(45) 
Variable annuity riders:  
  
  
 
Variable annuities:  
  
  
 
GMDB and GMIB 
 
 
  
 
 
 
GMWB 1,003
 (586) 417
  1,367
 (2,064) (697) 
GMAB 19
 (9) 10
  25
 (36) (11) 
Structured annuities (3) 3
 
 
DAC and DSIC amortization (4)
 N/A
 N/A
 (61)  N/A
 N/A
 75
 
Total variable annuity riders 1,022
 (595) 366
 
Total variable annuities 1,389
 (2,097) (633) 
Macro hedge program (5)
 
 (3) (3)  
 (2) (2) 
Fixed annuities, fixed insurance and fixed portion of variable annuities and variable insurance products 58
 
 58
  59
 
 59
 
Banking deposits 32
 
 32
 
Brokerage client cash balances 112
 
 112
  224
 
 224
 
Fixed deferred indexed annuities (1) 
 (1) 
Certificates 18
 
 18
  16
 
 16
 
IUL insurance 135
 3
 138
  12
 2
 14
 
Total $1,288
 $(595) $632
  $1,686
 $(2,097) $(336) 
N/A Not Applicable.N/A Not Applicable. N/A Not Applicable. 
(1) Excludes incentive income which is impacted by market and fund performance during the period and cannot be readily estimated.
(2) Market impact on DAC and DSIC amortization resulting from lower projected profits.
(3) In estimating the impact to pretax income on DAC and DSIC amortization and additional insurance benefit reserves, our assumed equity asset growth rates reflect what management would follow in its mean reversion guidelines. 
(4) Market impact on DAC and DSIC amortization related to variable annuity riders is modeled net of hedge impact.
(5) The market impact of the macro hedge program is modeled net of any related impact to DAC and DSIC amortization.
(6) Represents the net impact to pretax income. The estimated net impact to pretax adjusted operating income is approximately $(247)$(208) million.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

The above results compare to an estimated negative net impact to pretax income of $213$90 million related to a 10% equity price decline and an estimated positive net impact to pretax income of $541$37 million related to a 100 basis point increase in interest rates as of December 31, 2018.2019. The change in equity price exposure and interest rate exposure as of March 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019 was driven by a larger estimated negative impact from our variable annuity riders specifically GMWB.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

Net impacts shown in the above table from GMWB riders result largely from differences between the liability valuation basis and the hedging basis. Liabilities are valued using fair value accounting principles, with risk margins incorporated in contractholder behavior assumptions and with discount rates increased to reflect a current market estimate of our risk of nonperformance specific to these liabilities. Our hedging is based on our determination of economic risk, which excludes certain items in the liability valuation including the nonperformance spread risk.
Actual results could differ materially from those illustrated above as they are based on a number of estimates and assumptions. These include assuming that implied market volatility does not change when equity prices fall by 10% and that the 100 basis point increase in interest rates is a parallel shift of the yield curve. Furthermore, we have not tried to anticipate changes in client preferences for different types of assets or other changes in client behavior, nor have we tried to anticipate all strategic actions management might take to increase revenues or reduce expenses in these scenarios.
The selection of a 100 basis point interest rate increase as well as a 10% equity price decline should not be construed as a prediction of future market events. Impacts of larger or smaller changes in interest rates or equity prices may not be proportional to those shown for a 100 basis point increase in interest rates or a 10% decline in equity prices.
Fair Value Measurements
We report certain assets and liabilities at fair value; specifically, separate account assets, derivatives, embedded derivatives and most investments and cash equivalents. Fair value assumes the exchange of assets or liabilities occurs in orderly transactions and is not the result of a forced liquidation or distressed sale. We include actual market prices, or observable inputs, in our fair value measurements to the extent available. Broker quotes are obtained when quotes from pricing services are not available. We validate prices obtained from third parties through a variety of means such as: price variance analysis, subsequent sales testing, stale price review, price comparison across pricing vendors and due diligence reviews of vendors. See Note 1112 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on our fair value measurements.
Fair Value of Liabilities and Nonperformance Risk
Companies are required to measure the fair value of liabilities at the price that would be received to transfer the liability to a market participant (an exit price). Since there is not a market for our obligations of our variable annuity riders, indexed annuities and IUL insurance, we consider the assumptions participants in a hypothetical market would make to reflect an exit price. As a result, we adjust the valuation of variable annuity riders, indexed annuities and IUL insurance by updating certain contractholder assumptions, adding explicit margins to provide for profit, risk and expenses, and adjusting the rates used to discount expected cash flows to reflect a current market estimate of our nonperformance risk. The nonperformance risk adjustment is based on observable market data adjusted to estimate the risk of our life insurance company subsidiaries not fulfilling these liabilities. Consistent with general market conditions, this estimate resulted in a spread over the LIBOR swap curve as of March 31, 2019.2020. As our estimate of this spread widens or tightens, the liability will decrease or increase. If this nonperformance credit spread moves to a zero spread over the LIBOR swap curve, the reduction to future net income would be approximately $366 million,$1.8 billion, net of DAC, DSIC, unearned revenue amortization, the reinsurance accrual and income taxes (calculated at the statutory tax rate of 21%), based on March 31, 20192020 credit spreads.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
We maintained substantial liquidity during the three months ended March 31, 2019.2020. At March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018,2019, we had $3.3$8.7 billion and $2.9$3.7 billion, respectively, in cash and cash equivalents excluding CIEs.CIEs and other restricted cash on a consolidated basis. We have additional liquidity available to the parent company through an unsecured revolving credit facility for up to $750 million that expires in October 2022. Under the terms of the credit agreement, we can increase this facility to $1.0 billion upon satisfaction of certain approval requirements. Available borrowings under this facility are reduced by any outstanding letters of credit. At March 31, 2019,2020, we had no outstanding borrowings under this credit facility and had $1 million of outstanding letters of credit. Our credit facility contains various administrative, reporting, legal and financial covenants. We were in compliance with all such covenants at March 31, 2019.2020.
On March 22, 2019,On April 2, 2020, we issued $500 million of 3.00%3.0% unsecured senior notes due 20222025 and incurred debt issuance costs of $3$4 million. The net proceeds from the sale of the senior notes will be used for general corporate purposes, including repayment or redemption of our 7.30% senior notes due 2019, of which $300 million aggregate principal amount is scheduled to mature on June 28, 2019.purposes.
We enter into short-term borrowings, which may include repurchase agreements and Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances, to reduce reinvestment risk. Short-term borrowings allow us to receive cash to reinvest in longer-duration assets, while maintaining

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

the flexibility to pay back the short-term debt with cash flows generated by the fixed income portfolio. The balance of repurchase agreements as of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $50 million, which is collateralized with agency residential mortgage backed securities from our investment portfolio. Our subsidiary,subsidiaries, RiverSource Life Insurance Company (“RiverSource Life”), is a memberand Ameriprise Bank, FSB are members of the FHLB of Des Moines, which provides access to collateralized borrowings. We had $151$200 million and $201 million of borrowings from the FHLB, which is collateralized with commercial mortgage backed securities, as of both March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018.2019, respectively. We believe cash flows from operating activities, available cash balances and our availability of revolver borrowings will be sufficient to fund our operating liquidity needs.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

Dividends from Subsidiaries
Ameriprise Financial is primarily a parent holding company for the operations carried out by our wholly owned subsidiaries. Because of our holding company structure, our ability to meet our cash requirements, including the payment of dividends on our common stock, substantially depends upon the receipt of dividends or return of capital from our subsidiaries, particularly our life insurance subsidiary, RiverSource Life, our face-amount certificate subsidiary, Ameriprise Certificate Company (“ACC”), AMPF Holding Corporation, which is the parent company of our retail introducing broker-dealer subsidiary, Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc.LLC (“AFSI”AFS”) and our clearing broker-dealer subsidiary, American Enterprise Investment Services, Inc. (“AEIS”), our transfer agent subsidiary, Columbia Management Investment Services Corp., our investment advisory company, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, and Ameriprise International Holdings GmbH, which is the parent company of Threadneedle Asset Management Holdings Sàrl. The payment of dividends by many of our subsidiaries is restricted and certain of our subsidiaries are subject to regulatory capital requirements.
Actual capital and regulatory capital requirements for our wholly owned subsidiaries subject to regulatory capital requirements were as follows:
Actual Capital Regulatory Capital 
Requirements
Actual Capital Regulatory Capital Requirements
March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
March 31,
2019
 December 31,
2018
March 31,
2020
 December 31,
2019
March 31,
2020
 December 31,
2019
(in millions)
RiverSource Life (1)(2)
$3,092
 $3,382
 N/A
 $675
$3,548
 $2,924
 N/A
 $601
RiverSource Life of NY (1)(2)
284
 266
 N/A
 40
343
 235
 N/A
 38
IDS Property Casualty Insurance Company (1)(3)
802
 789
 $238
 233
Ameriprise Insurance Company (1)(3)
50
 49
 3
 3
ACC (4)(5)
459
 444
 434
 420
422
 430
 391
 402
Threadneedle Asset Management Holdings Sàrl (6)
408
 218
 177
 173
278
 287
 172
 183
Ameriprise National Trust Bank (7)
22
 24
 10
 10
AFSI (3)(4)
106
 108
 #
 #
Ameriprise Bank, FSB (4) (7)
415
 300
 289
 180
AFS (3)(4)
160
 94
 #
 #
Ameriprise Captive Insurance Company (3)
#
 51
 #
 9
43
 48
 13
 9
Ameriprise Trust Company (3)
33
 32
 29
 27
36
 35
 28
 32
AEIS (3)(4)
153
 136
 22
 23
168
 133
 21
 22
RiverSource Distributors, Inc. (3)(4)
13
 13
 #
 #
13
 13
 #
 #
Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. (3)(4)
14
 18
 #
 #
15
 16
 #
 #
N/A Not applicable.
# Amounts are less than $1 million.
(1) 
Actual capital is determined on a statutory basis.
(2) 
Regulatory capital requirement is the company action level and is based on the statutory risk-based capital filing.
(3) 
Regulatory capital requirement is based on the applicable regulatory requirement, calculated as of March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018.2019.
(4) 
Actual capital is determined on an adjusted GAAP basis.
(5) 
ACC is required to hold capital in compliance with the Minnesota Department of Commerce and SEC capital requirements.
(6) 
Actual capital and regulatory capital requirements are determined in accordance with U.K. regulatory legislation. The regulatory capital requirements at March 31, 20192020 represent calculations at December 31, 20182019 of the rule based requirements, as specified by FCA regulations.
(7) 
Ameriprise National Trust BankRegulatory capital requirement is required to maintain capitalbased on minimum requirements for well capitalized banks in complianceaccordance with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency regulations and policies.(“OCC”).
In addition to the particular regulations restricting dividend payments and establishing subsidiary capitalization requirements, we take into account the overall health of the business, capital levels and risk management considerations in determining a strategy for payments to our parent holding company from our subsidiaries, and in deciding to use cash to make capital contributions to our subsidiaries.
During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the parent holding company received cash dividends or a return of capital from its subsidiaries of $510 million (including $250 million from RiverSource Life) and contributed cash to its subsidiaries of $141 million (including $100 million to Ameriprise Bank, FSB). During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the parent holding company received cash dividends or a return of capital from its subsidiaries of $543 million (including $250 million from RiverSource Life) and contributed cash$17 million to its subsidiaries of $17 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the parent holding company received cash dividends or a return of capital from its subsidiaries of $484 million (including $200 million from RiverSource Life) and contributed no cash to its subsidiaries.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

In 2009, RiverSource established an agreement to protect its exposure to Genworth Life Insurance Company (“GLIC”) for its reinsured LTC. In 2016, substantial enhancements to this reinsurance protection agreement were finalized. The terms of these confidential provisions within the agreement have been shared, in the normal course of regular reviews, with our domiciliary regulator and rating agencies. GLIC is domiciled in Delaware so in the event GLIC were subjected to rehabilitation or insolvency proceedings, such proceedings would be located in (and governed by) Delaware laws. Delaware courts have a long tradition of respecting commercial and reinsurance affairs as well as contracts among sophisticated parties. Similar credit protections to what we have with GLIC have been tested and respected in Delaware and elsewhere in the United States, and as a result we believe our credit protections

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

would be respected even in the unlikely event that GLIC becomes subject to rehabilitation or insolvency proceedings in Delaware. Accordingly, while no credit protections are perfect, we believe the correct way to think about the risks represented by our counterparty credit exposure to GLIC is not the full amount of the gross liability that GLIC reinsures, but a much smaller net exposure to GLIC (if any that might exist after taking into account our credit protections). Thus, management believes that our agreement and offsetting non LTC legacy arrangements with Genworth will enable RiverSource to recover on all net exposure in all material respects in the event of a rehabilitation or insolvency of GLIC.
Dividends Paid to Shareholders and Share Repurchases
We paid regular quarterly dividends to our shareholders totaling $127$126 million and $125$127 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, and 2018, respectively. On April 24, 2019,May 6, 2020, we announced a quarterly dividend of $0.97$1.04 per common share. The dividend will be paid on May 17, 201929, 2020 to our shareholders of record at the close of business on May 6, 2019.18, 2020.
In April 2017,February 2019, our Board of Directors authorized us to repurchase up to $2.5 billion of our common stock through June 30, 2019.March 31, 2021. As of March 31, 2019,2020, we had $154$724 million remaining under this share repurchase authorization. In February 2019, our Board of Directors authorized an additional repurchase up to $2.5 billion of our common stock through March 31, 2021. We intend to fund share repurchases through existing working capital, future earnings and other customary financing methods. The share repurchase program does not require the purchase of any minimum number of shares, and depending on market conditions and other factors, these purchases may be commenced or suspended at any time without prior notice. Acquisitions under the share repurchase program may be made in the open market, through privately negotiated transactions or block trades or other means. During the three months ended March 31, 2019,2020, we repurchased a total of 2.82.5 million shares of our common stock at an average price of $124.85$153.76 per share. We paused our share repurchases in mid-March 2020 out of an abundance of caution given the volatile market environment. We have strong fundamentals that will enable us to resume share repurchases at the appropriate time.
Cash Flows
Cash flows of CIEs and restricted and segregated cash and cash equivalents are reflected in our cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities, investing activities and financing activities. Cash held by CIEs is not available for general use by Ameriprise Financial, nor is Ameriprise Financial cash available for general use by its CIEs. Cash and cash equivalents segregated under federal and other regulations is held for the exclusive benefit of our brokerage customers and is not available for general use by Ameriprise Financial.
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $172 millionincreased $4.7 billion to $4.9 billion for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to net cash used in operating activities of $188$172 million for the prior year period primarily reflecting lowera $642 million increase in cash outflowsfrom changes in brokerage deposits and an increase in cash collateral related to derivatives.
Investing Activities
Our investing activities primarily relate to our Available-for-Sale investment portfolio. Further, this activity is significantly affected by the net flows of our investment certificate, fixed annuity and universal life products reflected in financing activities.
Net cash used in investing activities was $481decreased $441 million to $40 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $67$481 million for the prior year period primarily reflecting a $345$541 million decreaseincrease in proceeds from sales of Available-for-Sale securities, a $64 million increase in proceeds from maturities, sinking fund payments and calls of Available-for-Sale securities, a $79 million increase in net cash flows related to investments of consolidated investment entities and a $374 million increase to cash related to the fixed annuities reinsurance arrangement partially offset by a $444 million increase in the first quartercash used for purchases of 2019.Available-for-Sale securities and a $156 million decrease to cash related to written options with deferred premiums.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $291increased $337 million to $628 million for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 compared to net cash used in financing activities of $564$291 million for the prior year period primarily reflecting proceeds of $497 million from issuance of debt, a $97 million$2.4 billion increase in net cash inflows from banking deposits partially offset by a repayment of $750 million of our senior notes in March 2020, a $419 million decrease in cash proceeds from investment certificates, a $253 million decrease in net cash flows related to investment certificatespolicyholder account balances, a $497 million decrease in issuances of long-term debt and a $193$95 million increase in cash related to changes in policyholder account balances.share repurchases.
Contractual Commitments
There have been no material changes to our contractual obligations disclosed in our 20182019 10-K. 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We provide asset management services to investment entities which are considered to be VIEs, such as CLOs, hedge funds, property funds and other private funds, which are sponsored by us. We consolidate certain CLOs. We have determined that consolidation is not required for hedge funds, property funds and other private funds, which are sponsored by us. Our maximum exposure to loss with respect to our investment in these non-consolidated entities is limited to our carrying value. We have no obligation to provide further financial or other support to these investment entities nor have we provided any support to these investment entities. See Note 45 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on our arrangements with these investment entities.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements that reflect management’s plans, estimates and beliefs. Actual results could differ materially from those described in these forward-looking statements. Examples of such forward-looking statements include: 
statements of the Company’s plans, intentions, positioning, expectations, objectives or goals, including those relating to asset flows, mass affluent and affluent client acquisition strategy, client retention and growth of our client base, financial advisor productivity, retention, recruiting and enrollments, the introduction, cessation, terms or pricing of new or existing products and services, acquisition integration, benefits and claims expenses, general and administrative costs, consolidated tax rate, return of capital to shareholders, debt repayment and excess capital position and financial flexibility to capture additional growth opportunities;
statements of the Company’s position, future performance and ability to pursue business strategy relative to the spread and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related market, economic, client, governmental and healthcare system response; 
other statements about future economic performance, the performance of equity markets and interest rate variations and the economic performance of the United States and of global markets; and
statements of assumptions underlying such statements.
The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “plan,” “aim,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “likely,” “forecast,” “on pace,track,“project”“project,” “continue,” “able to remain,” “resume,” “deliver,” “develop,” “evolve,” “drive,” “enable,” “flexibility,” “scenario,” “case” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements.
Such factors include, but are not limited to:
the occurrence of any event, change of circumstance that could give rise to the terminationimpacts on our business of the Company’s agreement with American Family Insurance regarding the salespread and impact of the Company’s AutoCOVID-19 pandemic and Home Insurance business, the inability to complete the proposed sale due to the failure to satisfy the conditions to the closing of the proposed sale, including that arelated economic, client, governmental entity may prohibit, delay or refuse to grant approval for the consummation of the proposed sale, uncertainty as to the timing of completing of the proposed sale, and risks that the proposed transaction disrupts current plans and operations;
uncertainty as to the timing of launching the Company’s federal savings bank or its products;healthcare system responses;
conditions in the interest rate, credit default, equity market and foreign exchange environments, including changes in valuations, liquidity and volatility;
uncertainty as to the timing of launching the Company’s federal savings bank products;
changes in and the adoption of relevant accounting standards and securities rating agency standards and processes, as well as changes in the litigation and regulatory environment, including ongoing legal proceedings and regulatory actions, the frequency and extent of legal claims threatened or initiated by clients, other persons and regulators, and developments in regulation and legislation, including the rules and regulations implemented or that may be implemented or modified in connection with the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, bank holding company laws and regulations or in light of the U.S. Department of Labor’s fiduciary regulations (as well as state and other fiduciary rules, the SEC best interest standards, or similar standards such as the Certified Financial Planner Board standards) pertaining to the fiduciary status of investment advice providers to 401(k) plans, plan sponsors, plan participants and the holders of individual retirement or health savings accounts and related issues;
investment management performance and distribution partner and consumer acceptance of the Company’s products;
effects of competition in the financial services industry, including pricing pressure, the introduction of new products and services and changes in product distribution mix and distribution channels;
changes to the Company’s reputation that may arise from employee or advisor misconduct, legal or regulatory actions, cybersecurity incidents, perceptions of the financial services industry generally, improper management of conflicts of interest or otherwise;
the Company’s capital structure, including indebtedness, limitations on subsidiaries to pay dividends, and the extent, manner, terms and timing of any share or debt repurchases management may effect as well as the opinions of rating agencies and other analysts and the reactions of market participants or the Company’s regulators, advisors, distribution partners or customers in response to any change or prospect of change in any such opinion;
changes to the availability and cost of liquidity and the Company’s credit capacity that may arise due to shifts in market conditions, the Company’s credit ratings and the overall availability of credit;
risks of default, capacity constraint or repricing by issuers or guarantors of investments the Company owns or by counterparties to hedge, derivative, insurance or reinsurance arrangements or by manufacturers of products the Company distributes, experience deviations from the Company’s assumptions regarding such risks, the evaluations or the prospect of changes in evaluations of any such third parties published by rating agencies or other analysts, and the reactions of other market participants or the Company’s regulators, advisors, distribution partners or customers in response to any such evaluation or prospect of changes in evaluation;
experience deviations from the Company’s assumptions regarding morbidity, mortality, persistency and premium rate increases in certain annuity and insurance products (including, but not limited to, variable annuities and long term care policies), or from assumptions regarding market returns assumed in valuing or unlocking DAC and DSIC or market volatility underlying the Company’s valuation and hedging of guaranteed benefit annuity riders, or from assumptions regarding interest rates or asset

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

yield assumed in the Company's loss recognition testing of its long term care business, or from assumptions regarding anticipated claims and losses relating to the Company’s auto and home insurance products;
changes in capital requirements that may be indicated, required or advised by regulators or rating agencies;

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

the impacts of the Company’s efforts to improve distribution economics and to grow third-party distribution of its products;
the ability to pursue and complete strategic transactions and initiatives, including acquisitions, divestitures, restructurings, joint ventures and the development of new products and services;
the ability to realize the financial, operating and business fundamental benefits of strategic transactions and initiatives the Company has completed, is pursuing or may pursue in the future, which may be impacted by the ability to obtain regulatory approvals, the ability to effectively manage related expenses and by market, business partner and consumer reactions to such strategic transactions and initiatives;
the ability and timing to realize savings and other benefits from re-engineering and tax planning;
interruptions or other failures in the Company’s communications, technology and other operating systems, including errors or failures caused by third-party service providers, interference or failures caused by third party attacks on the Company’s systems (or other cybersecurity incidents), or the failure to safeguard the privacy or confidentiality of sensitive information and data on such systems; and
general economic and political factors, including consumer confidence in the economy and the financial industry, the ability and inclination of consumers generally to invest as well as their ability and inclination to invest in financial instruments and products other than cash and cash equivalents, the costs of products and services the Company consumes in the conduct of its business, and applicable legislation and regulation and changes therein (such as the ongoing negotiations following the June 2016 UK referendum onin connection with UK’s membership in the European Union and the uncertain regulatory environment in the U.S. since the 2016 U.S. election)Union), including tax laws, tax treaties, fiscal and central government treasury policy, and policies regarding the financial services industry and publicly-held firms, and regulatory rulings and pronouncements.
Management cautions the reader that the foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive. There may also be other risks that management is unable to predict at this time that may cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they are made. Management undertakes no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements. The foregoing list of factors should be read in conjunction with the “Risk Factors” discussion included in Part I, Item 1A of our 2018 10-K.2019 10-K and “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Form 10-Q.
Ameriprise Financial announces financial and other information to investors through the Company’s investor relations website at ir.ameriprise.com, as well as SEC filings, press releases, public conference calls and webcasts. Investors and others interested in the company are encouraged to visit the investor relations website from time to time, as information is updated and new information is posted. The website also allows users to sign up for automatic notifications in the event new materials are posted. The information found on the website is not incorporated by reference into this report or in any other report or document the Company furnishes or files with the SEC.
ITEM 3.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The information set forth in Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Market Risk” in this report is incorporated herein by reference. These disclosures should be read in conjunction with the “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” discussion included as Part II, Item 7A of our 20182019 10-K filed with the SEC on February 27, 201926, 2020.
ITEM 4.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be reported in the Exchange Act filings is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in and pursuant to SEC regulations, including controls and procedures designed to ensure that this information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding the required disclosure. It should be noted that, because of inherent limitations, our company’s disclosure controls and procedures, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met.
Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable level of assurance as of March 31, 2019.2020.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our company’s internal control over financial reporting.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

PART II.  OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The information set forth in Note 1917 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changesWe are including the following new risk factor which should be read in theconjunction with our risk factors provided in Part I, Item 1A of our 2018 10-K.2019 10-K:
The COVID-19 pandemic creates significant risks and uncertainties for our business.
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (‘‘COVID-19’’) pandemic creates significant and pervasive societal, economic and market disruption globally. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business, results of operations, and financial condition will depend on future developments. These developments are highly uncertain, including the scope, duration and severity of the pandemic, the effectiveness of our remote working and virtual meeting arrangements and staffing levels, the measures that may be taken by various governmental authorities in response to the outbreak (such as stimulus, quarantines and travel restrictions, effectiveness of health care, and new or interim regulation), the actions of other third parties in response to the pandemic, and the possible further impacts on the global economy. Given the uncertainty of future developments, we seek to manage our risks effectively, but our ability to do so is subject to the inherent limitations of obtaining timely, reliable analysis and information in a situation that continues to develop.
Towards the end of the first quarter of 2020 and into April 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic impacted each of our business segments and impacts would likely be experienced in future quarters if conditions persist. Consumer demand, our fee and investment income, our owned asset values, and our credit reserve and other financial or actuarial assumptions and reserve calculations have been (and may further be) negatively impacted from a decline and volatility of asset prices, reduction in interest rates, widening of credit spreads, credit deterioration, decreased liquidity in trading markets and other economic and market effects of the global pandemic. Should these conditions be prolonged or worsen for an extended time period, we could experience volatility and uncertainty in volumes, uncertainty in availability and price levels of financial assets and hedges, reduced client activity and fees, increased mortality and morbidity in our insurance policyholder base, increase constraints and costs of capital, possible impacts to our credit ratings and other negative impacts on our financial position.
The COVID 19 pandemic may also affect the ability of our suppliers, distributors, vendors, reinsurers and other counterparties to provide products and services and otherwise fulfill their commitments to us. In addition, the market and economic uncertainty and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic will heighten the other risks described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and any subsequent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or Current Report on Form 8-K.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

ITEM 2.  UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table presents the information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of Ameriprise Financial, Inc. or any “affiliated purchaser” (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), of our common stock during the first quarter of 2019:2020:
Period (a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)
Total Number
of Shares Purchased
Average Price
Paid Per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1)
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
Total Number
of Shares Purchased
Average Price
Paid Per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1)
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
January 1 to January 31, 2019        
January 1 to January 31, 2020        
Share repurchase program (1)
 723,000
 $116.01
 723,000
 $424,756,717
 685,374
 $168.20
 685,374
 $994,570,204
Employee transactions (2)
 72,897
 $114.90
 N/A
 N/A
 133,016
 $169.26
 N/A
 N/A
                
February 1 to February 28, 2019        
February 1 to February 29, 2020        
Share repurchase program (1)
 859,439
 $129.10
 859,439
 $2,813,801,717
 1,063,953
 $168.23
 1,063,953
 $815,580,674
Employee transactions (2)
 255,871
 $128.66
 N/A
 N/A
 725,293
 $175.41
 N/A
 N/A
                
March 1 to March 31, 2019        
March 1 to March 31, 2020        
Share repurchase program (1)
 1,259,794
 $127.01
 1,259,794
 $2,653,789,607
 762,744
 $120.59
 762,744
 $723,598,509
Employee transactions (2)
 25,352
 $129.42
 N/A
 N/A
 8,278
 $125.63
 N/A
 N/A
                
Totals                
Share repurchase program (1)
 2,842,233
 $124.85
 2,842,233
  
 2,512,071
 $153.76
 2,512,071
  
Employee transactions (2)
 354,120
 $125.88
 N/A
  
 866,587
 $173.99
 N/A
  
 3,196,353
  
 2,842,233
  
 3,378,658
  
 2,512,071
  
N/A  Not applicable.
(1) On April 24, 2017, we announced thatIn February 2019, our Board of Directors authorized an expenditure of up to $2.5 billion for the repurchase of our common stock through June 30, 2019. In February 2019, our Board of Directors authorized an additional repurchase up to $2.5 billion of our common stock through March 31, 2021. The share repurchase program does not require the purchase of any minimum number of shares, and depending on market conditions and other factors, these purchases may be commenced or suspended at any time without prior notice. Acquisitions under the share repurchase program may be made in the open market, through privately negotiated transactions or block trades or other means.
(2) Includes restricted shares withheld pursuant to the terms of awards under the Company’s share-based compensation plans to offset tax withholding obligations that occur upon vesting and release of restricted shares. The value of the restricted shares withheld is the closing price of common stock of Ameriprise Financial, Inc. on the date the relevant transaction occurs. Also includes shares withheld pursuant to the net settlement of Non-Qualified Stock Option (“NQSO”) exercises to offset tax withholding obligations that occur upon exercise and to cover the strike price of the NQSO. The value of the shares withheld pursuant to the net settlement of NQSO exercises is the closing price of common stock of Ameriprise Financial, Inc. on the day prior to the date the relevant transaction occurs.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

ITEM 6.  EXHIBITS
Pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, we have filed certain agreements as exhibits to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These agreements may contain representations and warranties by the parties. These representations and warranties have been made solely for the benefit of the other party or parties to such agreements and (i) may have been qualified by disclosures made to such other party or parties, (ii) were made only as of the date of such agreements or such other date(s) as may be specified in such agreements and are subject to more recent developments, which may not be fully reflected in our public disclosure, (iii) may reflect the allocation of risk among the parties to such agreements and (iv) may apply materiality standards different from what may be viewed as material to investors. Accordingly, these representations and warranties may not describe our actual state of affairs at the date hereof and should not be relied upon.
The following exhibits are filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The exhibit numbers followed by an asterisk (*) indicate exhibits electronically filed herewith. All other exhibit numbers indicate exhibits previously filed and are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
ExhibitDescription
  
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, File No. 1-32525, filed on May 1, 2014).
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, File No. 1-32525, filed on October 5, 2018).
Form of Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 3 to Form 10 Registration Statement, File No. 1-32525, filed on August 19, 2005).

Other instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt securities of the registrant are omitted pursuant to Section (b)(4)(iii)(A) of Item 601 of Regulation S-K. The registrant agrees to furnish copies of these instruments to the SEC upon request.
Certification of James M. Cracchiolo pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Certification of Walter S. Berman pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Certification of James M. Cracchiolo and Walter S. Berman pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101The following materials from Ameriprise Financial, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 20192020 are formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018;2019; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018;2019; (iii) Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 20192020 and December 31, 2018;2019; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Equity for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018;2019; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 20192020 and 2018;2019; and (vi) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
104The cover page from Ameriprise Financial, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2020 is formatted in iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.
* Filed electronically herewithin.



AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC. 

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
(Registrant)
Date:May 1, 201911, 2020ByBy:/s/ Walter S. Berman
 
Walter S. Berman
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Date:May 1, 201911, 2020ByBy:/s/ David K. StewartJohn R. Hutt
 
David K. Stewart
John R. Hutt
Senior Vice President – Corporate Finance and Controller

(Principal Accounting Officer)


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