UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q



(Mark One)
x☒	Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended		September 30, ~~2017~~2019
Or
o☐	Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Transition Period fromto.

Commission file number 001-10716

TRIMAS CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware		38-2687639
~~Delaware~~ (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		~~38-2687639~~ (IRS Employer Identification No.)

38505 Woodward Avenue, Suite 200

Bloomfield Hills, Michigan48304

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

~~(248)~~ (248) 631-5450

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)



Title of each class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.01 par value	TRS	The NASDAQ Global Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x☒ No o☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, ~~and posted on its corporate Web site, if any,~~ every Interactive Data File required to be submitted ~~and posted~~ pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit ~~and post~~ such files). Yes x☒ No o☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large ~~accelerated filer~~Accelerated Filer	x☒		Accelerated filer	o☐

Non-accelerated filer	o	~~(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)~~

	☐		Smaller reporting company	o☐

			Emerging growth company	o☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o☐ No x☒

As of October ~~19, 2017,~~28, 2019, the number of outstanding shares of the Registrant's common stock, $0.01 par value, was ~~45,721,160~~45,052,041 shares.

TriMas Corporation

Index



Part I.	Financial Information

		Forward-Looking Statements	2

	Item 1.	Consolidated Financial Statements	3

		Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and December 31, ~~2016~~2018	3

		Consolidated Statement of Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018	4

		Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018	5

		Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018	6

		Consolidated Statement of Shareholders' Equity for the Nine Months Ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and 2018	7

		Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	89

	Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	2124

	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	38

	~~Item 4.~~	~~Controls and Procedures~~	38

~~Part II.~~	~~Other Information~~

	~~Item 1.~~	~~Legal Proceedings~~	39

	~~Item 1A.~~	~~Risk Factors~~	39

	~~Item 2.~~	~~Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds~~	39

	~~Item 3.~~	~~Defaults Upon Senior Securities~~	39

	~~Item 4.~~	~~Mine Safety Disclosures~~	39

	~~Item 5.~~	~~Other Information~~	39

	~~Item 6.~~	~~Exhibits~~	40

	~~Signature~~Item 4.s	Controls and Procedures	40

Part II.	Other Information

	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	41

	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	41

	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	41

	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	42

	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	42

	Item 5.	Other Information	42

	Item 6.	Exhibits	43

	Signatures		44

Forward-Looking Statements

This report may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 about our financial condition, results of operations and business. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking words, such as “may,” “could,” “should,” “estimate,” “project,” “forecast,” “intend,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “target,” “plan” or other comparable words, or by discussions of strategy that may involve risks and uncertainties.

These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results including, but not limited to: our ability to successfully complete the sale of the Lamons business, including, without limitation, any material adverse changes in the Lamons business or the Lamons assets being sold and the ability to obtain any requisite approvals; general economic and currency conditions; material and energy costs; risks and uncertainties associated with intangible assets, including goodwill or other intangible asset impairment charges; competitive factors; future trends; our ability to realize our business strategies; our ability to identify attractive acquisition candidates, successfully integrate acquired operations or realize the intended benefits of such acquisitions; information technology and other cyber-related risks; the performance of our subcontractors and suppliers; supply constraints; market demand; ~~technology factors;~~ intellectual property factors; litigation; government and regulatory ~~actions;~~actions, including, without limitation, the impact of tariffs, quotas and surcharges; our leverage; liabilities imposed by our debt instruments; labor disputes; changes to fiscal and tax policies; contingent liabilities relating to acquisition activities; ~~information technology factors;~~ the disruption of operations from catastrophic or extraordinary events, including natural disasters; the potential impact of Brexit; tax considerations relating to the Cequent spin-off; our future prospects; and other risks that are discussed in Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors," in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016.~~2018. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and elsewhere in this report are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deemed to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations or cash flows.

The cautionary statements set forth above should be considered in connection with any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements that we or persons acting on our behalf may issue. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on the statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. We do not undertake any obligation to review or confirm analysts' expectations or estimates or to release publicly any revisions to any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated ~~events.~~events, except as required by law.

We disclose important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from our expectations implied by our forward-looking statements under Part I, Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and elsewhere in this report. These cautionary statements qualify all forward-looking statements attributed to us or persons acting on our behalf. When we indicate that an event, condition or circumstance could or would have an adverse effect on us, we mean to include effects upon our business, financial and other conditions, results of operations, prospects and ability to service our debt.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements

TriMas Corporation

Consolidated Balance Sheet

(Dollars in thousands)


	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016			September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Assets	(unaudited)						(unaudited)
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	24,760		$	20,710		$	57,940		$	108,150
Receivables, net of reserves of approximately $5.2 million and $4.6 million as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively	125,410			111,570
Receivables, net of reserves of approximately $3.5 million and $3.4 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively							152,220			123,110
Inventories	160,180			160,460			176,300			173,120
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	8,800			16,060			8,150			7,430
Total current assets	319,150			308,800			394,610			411,810
Property and equipment, net	185,800			179,160			226,640			187,800
Operating lease right-of-use assets							36,750			—
Goodwill	318,730			315,080			332,670			316,650
Other intangibles, net	199,150			213,920			171,380			174,530
Deferred income taxes							1,100			1,080
Other assets	30,500			34,690			22,060			8,650
Total assets	$	1,053,330		$	1,051,650		$	1,185,210		$	1,100,520
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Current maturities, long-term debt	$	—		$	13,810		$	30		$	—
Accounts payable	77,720			72,270			80,180			93,430
Accrued liabilities	41,600			47,190			46,560			48,300
Operating lease liabilities, current portion							8,500			—
Total current liabilities	119,320			133,270			135,270			141,730
Long-term debt, net	336,560			360,840			294,410			293,560
Operating lease liabilities							28,640			—
Deferred income taxes	5,750			5,910			21,700			5,560
Other long-term liabilities	44,740			51,910			43,130			39,220
Total liabilities	506,370			551,930			523,150			480,070
Preferred stock, $0.01 par: Authorized 100,000,000 shares; Issued and outstanding: None	—			—			—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par: Authorized 400,000,000 shares; Issued and outstanding: 45,721,160 shares at September 30, 2017 and 45,520,598 shares at December 31, 2016	460			460
Common stock, $0.01 par: Authorized 400,000,000 shares; Issued and outstanding: 45,055,913 shares at September 30, 2019 and 45,527,993 shares at December 31, 2018							450			460
Paid-in capital	822,190			817,580			796,310			816,500
Accumulated deficit	(258,950		)	(293,920		)	(118,250		)	(179,660		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(16,740		)	(24,400		)	(16,450		)	(16,850		)
Total shareholders' equity	546,960			499,720			662,060			620,450
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	1,053,330		$	1,051,650		$	1,185,210		$	1,100,520

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

TriMas Corporation

Consolidated Statement of Income

(Unaudited—dollars in thousands, except for per share amounts)


	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,						Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016			2019			2018			2019			2018
Net sales	$	209,330		$	202,290		$	622,530		$	608,490		$	236,830		$	223,780		$	697,490		$	665,790
Cost of sales	(150,500		)	(144,240		)	(452,530		)	(437,440		)	(175,590		)	(162,060		)	(511,080		)	(478,910		)
Gross profit	58,830			58,050			170,000			171,050			61,240			61,720			186,410			186,880
Selling, general and administrative expenses	(30,710		)	(40,260		)	(99,890		)	(118,150		)	(32,550		)	(31,840		)	(100,760		)	(90,270		)
Operating profit	28,120			17,790			70,110			52,900			28,690			29,880			85,650			96,610
Other expense, net:
Interest expense	(3,390		)	(3,480		)	(10,360		)	(10,230		)	(3,520		)	(3,480		)	(10,450		)	(10,660		)
Debt financing and related expenses	(6,640		)	—			(6,640		)	—
Other expense, net	(200		)	(200		)	(780		)	(130		)
Other income (expense), net													610			410			1,280			(2,330		)
Other expense, net	(10,230		)	(3,680		)	(17,780		)	(10,360		)	(2,910		)	(3,070		)	(9,170		)	(12,990		)
Income before income tax expense	17,890			14,110			52,330			42,540			25,780			26,810			76,480			83,620
Income tax expense	(4,760		)	(5,330		)	(17,360		)	(14,980		)	(6,670		)	(4,140		)	(16,260		)	(17,030		)
Net income	$	13,130		$	8,780		$	34,970		$	27,560		$	19,110		$	22,670		$	60,220		$	66,590
Basic earnings per share:
Net income per share	$	0.29		$	0.19		$	0.77		$	0.61		$	0.42		$	0.49		$	1.33		$	1.45
Weighted average common shares—basic	45,721,155			45,435,936			45,669,782			45,381,592			45,175,244			45,850,288			45,448,711			45,850,187
Diluted earnings per share:
Net income per share	$	0.29		$	0.19		$	0.76		$	0.60		$	0.42		$	0.49		$	1.32		$	1.44
Weighted average common shares—diluted	46,029,361			45,760,455			45,953,578			45,713,873			45,415,767			46,166,558			45,745,421			46,198,884

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

TriMas Corporation

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited—dollars in thousands)


	Three months ended September 30,					Nine months ended September 30,					Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2017		2016			2017		2016			2019			2018			2019			2018
Net income	$	13,130	$	8,780		$	34,970	$	27,560		$	19,110		$	22,670		$	60,220		$	66,590
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans (Note 13)	170		140			500		440
Defined benefit plans (Note 16)											100			180			300			3,030
Foreign currency translation	910		(1,550		)	4,640		(8,290		)	(4,180		)	(2,210		)	(4,380		)	(6,300		)
Derivative instruments (Note 8)	2,540		630			2,520		(3,660		)
Derivative instruments (Note 10)											4,260			50			5,750			1,720
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	3,620		(780		)	7,660		(11,510		)	180			(1,980		)	1,670			(1,550		)
Total comprehensive income	$	16,750	$	8,000		$	42,630	$	16,050		$	19,290		$	20,690		$	61,890		$	65,040

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

TriMas Corporation

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

(Unaudited—dollars in thousands)


	Nine months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2019			2018
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income	$	34,970		$	27,560		$	60,220		$	66,590
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities, net of acquisition impact:
Loss on dispositions of assets	3,210			1,350			70			70
Depreciation	18,890			17,710			19,950			18,630
Amortization of intangible assets	14,920			15,330			14,920			14,600
Amortization of debt issue costs	1,030			1,000			850			1,020
Deferred income taxes	2,420			360			5,620			9,290
Non-cash compensation expense	5,090			5,240			4,130			4,400
Tax effect from stock based compensation	—			(640		)
Debt financing and related expenses	6,640			—
Increase in receivables	(12,700		)	(9,790		)	(14,510		)	(20,060		)
Increase in inventories	(580		)	(4,560		)
Decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets	7,110			10,780
(Increase) decrease in inventories							2,330			(10,750		)
(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets							(3,710		)	7,180
Decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(8,590		)	(17,150		)	(25,920		)	(6,740		)
Other operating activities	240			(780		)	150			(1,140		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	72,650			46,410
Net cash provided by operating activities, net of acquisition impact							64,100			83,090
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Capital expenditures	(24,120		)	(22,390		)	(23,370		)	(15,890		)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired							(67,090		)	—
Net proceeds from disposition of property and equipment	1,800			120			30			250
Net cash used for investing activities	(22,320		)	(22,270		)	(90,430		)	(15,640		)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of senior notes	300,000			—
Repayments of borrowings on term loan facilities	(257,940		)	(10,380		)
Proceeds from borrowings on revolving credit and accounts receivable facilities	353,710			314,860
Repayments of borrowings on revolving credit and accounts receivable facilities	(435,250		)	(324,780		)
Debt financing fees	(6,070		)	—
Shares surrendered upon options and restricted stock vesting to cover taxes	(480		)	(1,500		)
Other financing activities	(250		)	760
Proceeds from borrowings on revolving credit facilities							145,540			59,060
Repayments of borrowings on revolving credit facilities							(145,090		)	(68,490		)
Shares surrendered upon exercise and vesting of equity awards to cover taxes							(3,240		)	(2,380		)
Payments to purchase common stock							(21,090		)	(3,590		)
Net cash used for financing activities	(46,280		)	(21,040		)	(23,880		)	(15,400		)
Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Net increase for the period	4,050			3,100
Increase (decrease) for the period							(50,210		)	52,050
At beginning of period	20,710			19,450			108,150			27,580
At end of period	$	24,760		$	22,550		$	57,940		$	79,630
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	9,020		$	8,870		$	6,570		$	7,840
Cash paid for taxes	$	13,140		$	9,130		$	18,810		$	5,020

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

TriMas Corporation

Consolidated Statement of Shareholders' Equity

Nine Months Ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and 2018

(Unaudited—dollars in thousands)


	Common Stock		Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total			Common Stock			Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total
Balances, December 31, 2016	$	460	$	817,580		$	(293,920	)	$	(24,400	)	$	499,720
Balances, December 31, 2018															$	460		$	816,500		$	(179,660	)	$	(16,850	)	$	620,450
Net income	—		—			34,970			—			34,970			—			—			19,090			—			19,090
Other comprehensive income	—		—			—			7,660			7,660			—			—			—			3,020			3,020
Shares surrendered upon options and restricted stock vesting to cover taxes	—		(480		)	—			—			(480		)
Purchase of common stock															—			(670		)	—			—			(670		)
Shares surrendered upon exercise and vesting of equity awards to cover taxes															—			(2,620		)	—			—			(2,620		)
Non-cash compensation expense	—		5,090			—			—			5,090			—			1,320			—			—			1,320
Balances, September 30, 2017	$	460	$	822,190		$	(258,950	)	$	(16,740	)	$	546,960
Impact of accounting standards adoption (Note 2)															—			—			1,190			(1,270		)	(80		)
Balances, March 31, 2019															$	460		$	814,530		$	(159,380	)	$	(15,100	)	$	640,510
Net income															—			—			22,020			—			22,020
Other comprehensive loss															—			—			—			(1,530		)	(1,530		)
Purchase of common stock															(10		)	(14,740		)	—			—			(14,750		)
Shares surrendered upon exercise and vesting of equity awards to cover taxes															—			(610		)	—			—			(610		)
Non-cash compensation expense															—			1,720			—			—			1,720
Balances, June 30, 2019															$	450		$	800,900		$	(137,360	)	$	(16,630	)	$	647,360
Net income															—			—			19,110			—			19,110
Other comprehensive income															—			—			—			180			180
Purchase of common stock															—			(5,670		)	—			—			(5,670		)
Shares surrendered upon exercise and vesting of equity awards to cover taxes															—			(10		)	—			—			(10		)
Non-cash compensation expense															—			1,090			—			—			1,090
Balances, September 30, 2019															$	450		$	796,310		$	(118,250	)	$	(16,450	)	$	662,060

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

TriMas Corporation

Consolidated Statement of Shareholders' Equity (Continued)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

(Unaudited—dollars in thousands)



	Common Stock		Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total
Balances, December 31, 2017	$	460	$	823,850		$	(262,960	)	$	(17,330	)	$	544,020
Net income	—		—			24,320			—			24,320
Other comprehensive loss	—		—			—			(1,480		)	(1,480		)
Shares surrendered upon exercise and vesting of equity awards to cover taxes	—		(2,300		)	—			—			(2,300		)
Non-cash compensation expense	—		1,220			—			—			1,220
Balances, March 31, 2018	$	460	$	822,770		$	(238,640	)	$	(18,810	)	$	565,780
Net income	—		—			19,600			—			19,600
Other comprehensive income	—		—			—			1,910			1,910
Purchase of common stock	—		(2,920		)	—			—			(2,920		)
Shares surrendered upon exercise and vesting of equity awards to cover taxes	—		(80		)	—			—			(80		)
Non-cash compensation expense	—		1,400			—			—			1,400
Balances, June 30, 2018	$	460	$	821,170		$	(219,040	)	$	(16,900	)	$	585,690
Net income	—		—			22,670			—			22,670
Other comprehensive loss	—		—			—			(1,980		)	(1,980		)
Purchase of common stock	—		(670		)	—			—			(670		)
Non-cash compensation expense	—		1,780			—			—			1,780
Balances, September 30, 2018	$	460	$	822,280		$	(196,370	)	$	(18,880	)	$	607,490

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

TRIMAS CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1. Basis of Presentation

TriMas Corporation ("TriMas" or the "Company"), and its consolidated subsidiaries, is a diversified industrial manufacturer of products for customers in the consumer products, aerospace, industrial, petrochemical, refinery and oil and gas end markets. ~~The~~

In the first quarter of 2019, TriMas began reporting its machined components operations, located in Stanton, California and Tolleson, Arizona, in its Specialty Products reportable segment. This change was made in connection with the transition of leadership responsibilities out of Aerospace to Specialty Products, allowing the Company ~~is principally engaged~~to better leverage the machining competencies and resources of these operations with the other businesses within the Specialty Products reportable segment, as well as provide the Company with the opportunity to expand sales of these products to customers outside of the aerospace market. In addition, this change enables the Company's Aerospace reportable segment to better focus on driving growth and innovation in ~~the following reportable segments with diverse products~~its aerospace fastener and ~~market channels: Packaging, Aerospace, Energy and Engineered Components.~~related product lines. See Note 1013, "Segment Information," for further information on each of the Company's reportable segments.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries and, in the opinion of management, contain all adjustments, including adjustments of a normal and recurring nature, necessary for a fair presentation of financial position and results of operations. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with current year presentation. The accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the Company's ~~2016~~2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

2. New Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August ~~2017,~~2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") ~~2017-12, "Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities"~~2018-14, "Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Subtopic 715-20)" ("ASU ~~2017-12"~~2018-14"), which ~~better aligns an entity's risk management activities and financial reporting~~modifies the disclosure requirements for ~~hedging relationships, simplifies hedge accounting requirements and creates more transparency around how economic results are presented in the financial statements.~~employers who sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. ASU ~~2017-12~~2018-14 is effective for fiscal years ~~and interim periods within those years, beginning~~ending after December 15, ~~2018,~~2020, with early adoption permitted. ~~The Company~~ASU 2018-14 is ~~in the process of assessing the impact of adoption on its consolidated financial statements.~~

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, "Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost" ("ASU 2017-07"). ASU 2017-07 requires that the service cost component of net period pension and postretirement benefit cost be presented in the same line item as other employee compensation costs, while the other components be presented separately as non-operating income (expense). ASU 2017-07 also allows only the service cost component to be ~~eligible for capitalization when applicable. ASU 2017-07 is effective for fiscal years, and interim~~applied retrospectively to all periods ~~within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted.~~presented. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact of adoption on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment" ("ASU 2017-04"), which simplifies the test for goodwill impairment by eliminating the requirement to perform a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure the amount of goodwill impairment. ASU 2017-04 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact of adoption on its consolidated financial statements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In ~~January 2017,~~February 2018, the FASB issued ASU ~~2017-01, "Business Combinations~~2018-02, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic ~~805)~~220): ~~Clarifying the Definition~~Reclassification of ~~a Business"~~Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income" ("ASU ~~2017-01"~~2018-02")~~. ASU 2017-01~~, which provides ~~guidance~~for the option to ~~assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. ASU 2017-01 is effective for fiscal years,~~reclassify stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and ~~interim periods~~Jobs Act ("Tax Reform Act") classified within ~~those years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted under certain circumstances.~~accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") to retained earnings. The Company adopted ASU 2018-02 on January 1, 2019, and elected to reclassify approximately $1.3 million in stranded tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive loss to accumulated deficit on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The Company's accounting policy is into release the ~~process of assessing the impact of adoption on its consolidated financial statements.~~income tax effects from AOCI when a defined benefit plan or a derivative instrument is liquidated and/or settled.

In ~~October~~February 2016, the FASB issued ASU ~~2016-16, "Income Taxes~~2016-02, "Leases (Topic ~~740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory" ("~~842)" (“ASU ~~2016-16"~~2016-02”) (the “New Lease Standard"), which requires ~~that income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an~~lessees to recognize a lease liability and right-of-use (ROU) asset ~~other than inventory are recognized when~~on its balance sheet for operating leases. Accounting for finance leases is substantially unchanged. The Company adopted the ~~transfer occurs. ASU 2016-16 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017, and is to be applied~~New Lease Standard on January 1, 2019 using a modified retrospective ~~approach~~transition, with ~~early adoption permitted. The Company is in~~ the ~~process~~cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of ~~assessing~~accumulated deficit as of the ~~impact of adoption on its consolidated financial statements.~~

effective date (the effective date method).

TRIMAS CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

~~In August 2016,~~As a result of the ~~FASB issued ASU 2016-15, "Statement~~adoption, the Company recognized approximately $40 million of ~~Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts~~right-of-use assets and Cash Payments" ("ASU 2016-15"), which clarifies how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017, and is to be applied using a retrospective approach with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact of adoptionlease liabilities on its consolidated ~~financial statements.~~balance sheet. Additionally, the Company recognized an approximate $0.1 million cumulative effect adjustment debit, net of tax, to accumulated deficit related to unamortized deferred losses for certain sale-leaseback transactions. The standard did not have an impact on the Company's consolidated statement of income.

~~In February 2016,~~

3. Revenue

The following table presents the ~~FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)" ("ASU 2016-02"), which requires that lessees, at~~Company’s disaggregated net sales by primary end market served (dollars in thousands):



	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
Customer End Markets	2019		2018		2019		2018
Consumer	$	83,610	$	72,440	$	232,400	$	209,160
Aerospace	50,560		49,070		145,650		140,500
Industrial	48,700		51,880		157,810		162,200
Oil and gas	53,960		50,390		161,630		153,930
Total net sales	$	236,830	$	223,780	$	697,490	$	665,790

The Company’s Packaging reportable segment earns revenues from the ~~lease commencement date, recognize a lease liability representing~~consumer (comprised of the ~~lessee's obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease~~health, beauty and home care, as well as ~~a right-of-use asset, which represents~~food and beverage markets) and industrial end markets. The Aerospace reportable segment earns revenues from the ~~lessee's right to use, or control~~aerospace end market. The Specialty Products reportable segment earns revenues from the ~~use of a specified asset, for the lease term. The new guidance also aligns lessor accounting to the lessee accounting model~~industrial, oil and ~~to Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers." ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years,~~gas and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018, and is to be applied using a modified retrospective approach with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact of the adoption on its consolidated financial statements.aerospace end markets.

4. Facility Closures

Bangalore, India facility

In May ~~2014,~~2018, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)" ("ASU 2014-09"). ASU 2014-09 requires that an entity recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Since the issuance of the original standard, the FASB has issued several subsequent updates as disclosedCompany exited its Bangalore, India facility within the ~~Company's 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The~~Specialty Products reportable segment. In connection with this action, the Company ~~has evaluated~~recorded pre-tax charges of approximately $0.7 million within selling, general and administrative expenses and approximately $0.6 million within cost of sales related to severance benefits for employees involuntarily terminated, facility closure costs and costs related to the ~~standard and its customer contracts, and as a result, does not believe the adoption~~disposal of ~~this standard will have a material impact on the amount or timing of its revenues. The Company expects to adopt this standard on January 1, 2018 utilizing the modified retrospective approach.~~

3~~. Facility Closures~~certain assets.

Reynosa, Mexico facility

In ~~March~~ 2017, the Company ~~announced plans within the Energy reportable segment to cease~~ceased production at its Reynosa, Mexico facility ~~and consolidate production into its Houston, Texas facility. During~~within the ~~second quarter of 2017, upon the cease use date of the facility, the Company~~Specialty Products reportable segment, and recorded a ~~pre-tax~~ charge ~~of approximately $1.5 million~~ within cost of sales for estimated future unrecoverable lease ~~obligations, net of estimated sublease recoveries, for the lease that expires in 2025. In addition, in~~obligations. During the second quarter of ~~2017,~~2018, following entry into a sublease agreement for the facility, the Company ~~incurred~~re-evaluated its estimate of unrecoverable future obligations, and reduced its estimate by approximately $1.1 million.

5. Acquisitions

In April 2019, the Company acquired Taplast S.p.A. ("Taplast"), a designer and manufacturer of dispensers, closures and containers for the beauty and personal care, household, and food and beverage packaging end markets, for an aggregate amount of approximately $44.7 million, net of cash acquired. Located in both Italy and Slovakia, Taplast serves end markets in Europe and North America and historically generated approximately $32 million in annual revenue. Taplast is included in the Company's Packaging reportable segment.

In January 2019, the Company acquired Plastic Srl, a manufacturer of single-bodied and assembled polymeric caps and closures for use in home care product applications, for an aggregate amount of approximately $22.4 million, net of cash acquired. Located in Forli, Italy, Plastic Srl serves the home care market in Italy and other European countries and historically generated approximately $12 million in annual revenue. Plastic Srl is included in the Company's Packaging reportable segment.

In connection with these acquisitions, the Company recorded approximately $1.2 million of ~~pre-tax~~ non-cash ~~charges~~purchase accounting-related expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, of which approximately $0.9 million was recognized within selling, general and administrative expenses, primarily related to the write-off of the Plastic Srl trade name acquired that will not be used. In addition, approximately $0.3 million was recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, within cost of sales related to ~~accelerated depreciation expense as a result~~the step-up in value and subsequent sale of ~~shortening the expected lives on certain machinery, equipment and leasehold improvement assets that the Company no longer used following the facility closure.~~

~~Wolverhampton, United Kingdom facility~~

In March 2017, the Company exited its Wolverhampton, United Kingdom facility within the Energy reportable segment. In connection with this action, during the first quarter of 2017 the Company recorded pre-tax charges of approximately $3.5 million within selling, general and administrative expenses, of which approximately $3.2 million were non-cash charges related to the disposal of certain assets.

4~~. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets~~

~~Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the~~ ~~nine months ended September 30, 2017~~ ~~are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):~~

Packaging Aerospace Energy Engineered Components Total
Balance, December 31, 2016 $ 162,090
$ 146,430
$ —
$ 6,560
$ 315,080
Foreign currency translation and other 3,650
—
—
—
3,650
Balance, September 30, 2017 $ 165,740
$ 146,430
$ —
$ 6,560
$ 318,730
inventory.

TRIMAS CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

6. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, in an effort to better align the Company's machining competencies and resources, the Company began reporting its machined products operations within the Specialty Products reportable segment. These operations were previously reported in the Company's Aerospace reportable segment. As a result of the reporting structure change, the Company's previous Aerospace reporting unit was split into two new reporting units, Machined Products and Aerospace. The Company reallocated the goodwill attributed to the previous Aerospace reporting unit on a relative fair value basis between the Machined Products and the new Aerospace reporting units, resulting in an allocation of goodwill of $12.7 million and $133.7 million, respectively.

After the reallocation of goodwill, the Company performed a Step I quantitative assessment for both the Machined Products and the new Aerospace reporting units. As part of this assessment, the Company determined that the fair value of the Aerospace reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by more than 34% and the fair value of the Machined Products reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by more than 13%.

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):



	Packaging			Aerospace			Specialty Products		Total
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	163,660		$	146,430		$	6,560	$	316,650
Goodwill from acquisitions	18,400			—			—		18,400
Goodwill reassigned in segment realignment	—			(12,740		)	12,740		—
Foreign currency translation and other	(2,380		)	—			—		(2,380		)
Balance, September 30, 2019	$	179,680		$	133,690		$	19,300	$	332,670

The Company amortizes its other intangible assets over periods ranging from one to 30 years. The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of the Company's other intangibles ~~as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016~~ are summarized below (dollars in thousands):



	As of September 30, 2019					As of December 31, 2018
Intangible Category by Useful Life	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships, 5 – 12 years	$	80,780	$	(54,490	)	$	73,450	$	(48,410	)
Customer relationships, 15 – 25 years	132,230		(63,970		)	132,230		(58,790		)
Total customer relationships	213,010		(118,460		)	205,680		(107,200		)
Technology and other, 1 – 15 years	57,020		(33,700		)	57,020		(31,600		)
Technology and other, 17 – 30 years	43,300		(37,110		)	43,300		(35,600		)
Total technology and other	100,320		(70,810		)	100,320		(67,200		)
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trademark/Trade names	47,320		—			42,930		—
Total other intangible assets	$	360,650	$	(189,270	)	$	348,930	$	(174,400	)

TRIMAS CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

As of September 30, 2017 As of December 31, 2016
Intangible Category by Useful Life Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization
Finite-lived intangible assets:

   Customer relationships, 5 – 12 years $ 73,790
$ (39,030 ) $ 73,570
$ (33,200 )
   Customer relationships, 15 – 25 years 132,230
(50,150 ) 132,230
(44,970 )
Total customer relationships 206,020
(89,180 ) 205,800
(78,170 )
   Technology and other, 1 – 15 years 57,520
(28,480 ) 57,470
(26,040 )
   Technology and other, 17 – 30 years 43,300
(32,960 ) 43,300
(31,370 )
Total technology and other 100,820
(61,440 ) 100,770
(57,410 )
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:

Trademark/Trade names 42,930
—
42,930
—
Total other intangible assets $ 349,770
$ (150,620 ) $ 349,500
$ (135,580 )

Amortization expense related to intangible assets as included in the accompanying consolidated statement of income is summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):



	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Technology and other, included in cost of sales	$	1,200	$	1,230	$	3,610	$	3,680
Customer relationships, included in selling, general and administrative expenses	3,750		3,630		11,310		10,920
Total amortization expense	$	4,950	$	4,860	$	14,920	$	14,600

Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30,
2017 2016 2017 2016
Technology and other, included in cost of sales $ 1,280
$ 1,460
$ 3,990
$ 4,230
Customer relationships, included in selling, general and administrative expenses 3,650
3,680
10,930
11,100
Total amortization expense $ 4,930
$ 5,140
$ 14,920
$ 15,330

5.7. Inventories

Inventories consist of the following components (dollars in thousands):



	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Finished goods	$	88,670	$	91,780
Work in process	32,570		29,080
Raw materials	55,060		52,260
Total inventories	$	176,300	$	173,120

September 30,
2017 December 31,
2016
Finished goods $ 89,600
$ 95,290
Work in process 24,890
22,930
Raw materials 45,690
42,240
Total inventories $ 160,180
$ 160,460

~~TRIMAS CORPORATION~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

68. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment consists of the following components (dollars in thousands):



	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Land and land improvements	$	18,970	$	15,580
Buildings	87,030		74,110
Machinery and equipment	350,400		318,860
	456,400		408,550
Less: Accumulated depreciation	229,760		220,750
Property and equipment, net	$	226,640	$	187,800

September 30,
2017 December 31,
2016
Land and land improvements $ 15,180
$ 14,910
Buildings 72,770
71,100
Machinery and equipment 295,500
281,180
383,450
367,190
Less: Accumulated depreciation 197,650
188,030
Property and equipment, net $ 185,800
$ 179,160

Depreciation expense as included in the accompanying consolidated statement of income is as follows (dollars in thousands):



	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Depreciation expense, included in cost of sales	$	6,490	$	5,490	$	18,850	$	17,330
Depreciation expense, included in selling, general and administrative expenses	390		270		1,100		1,300
Total depreciation expense	$	6,880	$	5,760	$	19,950	$	18,630

TRIMAS CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30,
2017 2016 2017 2016
Depreciation expense, included in cost of sales $ 5,440
$ 5,120
$ 17,380
$ 15,590
Depreciation expense, included in selling, general and administrative expenses 400
610
1,510
2,120
Total depreciation expense $ 5,840
$ 5,730
$ 18,890
$ 17,710

79. Long-term Debt

The Company's long-term debt consists of the following (dollars in thousands):



	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
4.875% Senior Notes due October 2025	$	300,000		$	300,000
Other debt	30			—
Debt issuance costs	(5,590		)	(6,440		)
	294,440			293,560
Less: Current maturities, long-term debt	30			—
Long-term debt, net	$	294,410		$	293,560

September 30,
2017 December 31,
2016
4.875% Senior Notes due October 2025 $ 300,000
$ —
Credit Agreement 37,510
333,720
Receivables facility and other 7,000
45,650
Debt issuance costs (7,950 ) (4,720 )
336,560
374,650
Less: Current maturities, long-term debt —
13,810
Long-term debt, net $ 336,560
$ 360,840

Senior Notes

In September 2017, the Company issued $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.875% senior notes due October 15, 2025 ("Senior Notes") at par value in a private placement under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Company used the proceeds from the offering to fully repay the $250.9 million principal, plus $0.4 million related interest, outstanding on its former senior secured term loan A facility due 2020 ("Term Loan A Facility"), repay approximately $41.7 million of outstanding obligations under the Company's accounts receivable facility, pay fees and expenses of $5.0 million related to the Senior Notes offering, pay fees and expenses of $1.1 million related to amending its existing credit agreement, with the remaining amount retained as cash on its consolidated balance sheet. Of the $5.0 million of fees and expenses related to the Senior Notes, approximately $4.9 million was capitalized as debt issuance costs and approximately $0.1 million was recorded as debt financing and related expenses in the accompanying consolidated statement of income.

~~TRIMAS CORPORATION~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

The Senior Notes accrue interest at a rate of 4.875% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on April 15 and October 15, commencing on April 15, ~~2018.~~2018. The payment of principal and interest is jointly and severally guaranteed, on a senior unsecured basis, by certain subsidiaries of the Company (each a "Guarantor" and collectively the "Guarantors"). The Senior Notes are pari passu in right of payment with all existing and future senior indebtedness and subordinated to all existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness.

Prior to October 15, 2020, the Company may redeem up to 35% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes at a redemption price of 104.875% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date, with the net cash proceeds of one or more equity offerings provided that each such redemption occurs within 90 days of the date of closing of each such equity offering. In addition, the Company may redeem all or part of the Senior Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date, plus a "make whole" premium. On or after October 15, 2020, the Company may redeem all or part of the Senior Notes at the redemption prices (expressed as percentages of principal amount) set forth below, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date, if redeemed during the twelve-month period beginning on October 15 of the years indicated below:



Year	Percentage
2020	102.438	%
2021	101.219	%
2022 and thereafter	100.000	%

~~As of September 30, 2017, the Company's Senior Notes traded at approximately 100.3% of par value. This valuation was determined based on Level 2 inputs under the fair value hierarchy, as defined.~~

Credit Agreement

~~In September 2017, the~~The Company ~~amended its existing~~is a party to a credit agreement ("Credit Agreement") ~~in connection with the Senior Notes offering and extended the maturity date, increased the permitted~~consisting of a $300.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility, which permits borrowings denominated in specific foreign currencies, ~~from $75.0 million~~subject to a $125.0 million ~~removed the Term Loan A Facility~~sub limit, matures on September 20, 2022 and ~~resized the revolving credit facility. The Company incurred fees and expenses of approximately $1.1 million related~~is subject to the amendment, all of which was capitalized as debt issuance costs. The Company also recorded approximately $2.0 million non-cash expense related to the write-off of previously capitalized deferred financing fees within debt financing and related expenses in the accompanying consolidated statement of income.

~~Below is a summary of key terms under the Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2017, compared to the key terms prior to the amendment (the Term Loan A Facility shows the face amount of borrowing~~interest at ~~debt issuance, while the revolving credit facilities show gross availability as of each date):~~



~~Instrument~~	~~Amount~~ ~~($ in millions)~~	~~Maturity Date~~	~~Interest Rate~~
~~Credit Agreement (as amended)~~
~~Senior secured revolving credit facility~~	~~$300.0~~	~~9/20/2022~~	~~LIBOR~~^(a) ~~plus 1.625%~~^(b)

~~Credit Agreement (prior to amendment)~~
~~Senior secured revolving credit facility~~	~~$500.0~~	~~6/30/2020~~	~~LIBOR~~^(a) ~~plus 1.625%~~^(b)
~~Senior secured term loan A facility~~	~~$275.0~~	~~6/30/2020~~	~~LIBOR~~^(a) ~~plus 1.625%~~^(b)

~~__________________________~~

^(a) London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR")

^(b)~~The initial interest rate spread for the amended Credit Agreement is stated as 1.625%~~ plus 1.50%. The interest rate spread is based upon the leverage ratio, as defined, as of the most recent determination date.

~~TRIMAS CORPORATION~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

The Credit Agreement also provides incremental revolving credit facility commitments in an amount not to exceed the greater of $200.0 million and an amount such that, after giving effect to such incremental commitments and the incurrence of any other indebtedness substantially simultaneously with the making of such commitments, the senior secured net leverage ratio, as defined, is no greater than 3.00 to 1.00. The terms and conditions of any incremental revolving credit facility commitments must be no more favorable than the existing credit facility.

TRIMAS CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

The Company's revolving credit facility allows for the issuance of letters of credit, not to exceed ~~$40.0~~$40.0 million in aggregate. At September 30, ~~2017~~,2019, the Company had ~~approximately $37.5 million~~0 amounts outstanding under its revolving credit facility and had approximately $248.3 million potentially available after giving effect to approximately $14.2 million of letters of credit issued and outstanding. At December 31, 2016, the Company had approximately $75.9 million outstanding under its revolving credit facility and had approximately $408.2$284.1 million potentially available after giving effect to approximately $15.9 million of letters of credit issued and outstanding. ~~However, including availability~~At December 31, 2018, the Company had 0 amounts outstanding under its ~~accounts receivable~~revolving credit facility and had approximately $284.9 million potentially available after giving effect to approximately $15.1 million of letters of credit issued and outstanding. After consideration of leverage restrictions contained in the Credit Agreement, the Company had approximately ~~$295.4~~$284.1 million and ~~$126.5~~$284.9 million ~~at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively,~~ of borrowing capacity available for general corporate ~~purposes.~~purposes at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The debt under the Credit Agreement is an obligation of the Company and certain of its domestic subsidiaries and is secured by substantially all of the assets of such parties. Borrowings under the $125.0 million (equivalent) foreign currency sub limit of the $300.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility are secured by a cross-guarantee amongst, and a pledge of the assets of, the foreign subsidiary borrowers that are a party to the agreement. The Credit Agreement also contains various negative and affirmative covenants and other requirements affecting the Company and its subsidiaries, including the ability, ~~to,~~ subject to certain exceptions and limitations, to incur debt, liens, mergers, investments, loans, advances, guarantee obligations, acquisitions, assets dispositions, sale-leaseback transactions, hedging agreements, dividends and other restricted payments, transactions with affiliates, restrictive agreements and amendments to charters, bylaws, and other material documents. The terms of the Credit Agreement also require the Company and its restricted subsidiaries to meet certain restrictive financial covenants and ratios computed quarterly, including a maximum total net leverage ratio (total consolidated indebtedness plus outstanding amounts under the accounts receivable securitization facility, less the aggregate amount of certain unrestricted cash and unrestricted permitted investments, as defined, over consolidated EBITDA, as defined), a maximum senior secured net leverage ratio (total consolidated senior secured indebtedness, less the aggregate amount of certain unrestricted cash and unrestricted permitted investments, as defined, over consolidated EBITDA, as defined) and a minimum interest expense coverage ratio (consolidated EBITDA, as defined, over the sum of consolidated cash interest expense, as defined, and preferred dividends, as defined). At September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, the Company was in compliance with its financial covenants contained in the Credit Agreement.

AsFair Value of ~~September 30, 2017~~Debt

The valuations of the Senior Notes and ~~December 31, 2016, the Company's revolving credit facility traded at approximately 99.6% and 99.3% of par value, respectively. These valuations~~other debt were determined based on Level 2 inputs under the fair value hierarchy, as defined. The carrying amounts and fair values were as follows (dollars in thousands):

~~Receivables Facility~~



	September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Senior Notes	$	300,000	$	305,250	$	300,000	$	282,750
Other debt	30		30		—		—

~~The~~

10. Derivative Instruments

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

In October 2018, the Company ~~is party~~entered into cross-currency swap agreements to an accounts receivable facility through TSPC, Inc. ("TSPC"), a wholly-owned subsidiary, to sell trade accounts receivable of substantially all of the Company's domestic business operations. Under this facility, TSPC, from time to time, may sell an undivided fractional ownership interesthedge its net investment in Euro-denominated assets against future volatility in the ~~pool~~exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Euro. By doing so, the Company synthetically converted a portion of ~~receivables up~~its U.S. dollar-based long-term debt into Euro-denominated long-term debt. The agreements have a five year tenor at notional amounts declining from $125.0 million to $75.0 million ~~to a third-party multi-seller receivables funding company. The net amount financed under~~over the ~~facility is less than~~contract period. Under the face amount of accounts receivable by an amount that approximates the purchaser's financing costs. The cost of funds under this facility consisted of a 1-month LIBOR-based rate plus a usage fee of 1.00% and a fee on the unused portionterms of the ~~facility~~swap agreements, the Company is to receive net interest payments at a fixed rate of ~~0.35%~~approximately 2.9% of the notional amount. At inception, the cross-currency swaps were designated as net investment hedges.

In October 2018, immediately prior to entering into these cross-currency swap agreements, the Company terminated its existing cross-currency swap agreements, de-designating the swaps as net investment hedges and receiving approximately $1.1 million of ~~September 30,~~cash. The cross-currency swap agreements were entered into in October 2017 and ~~2016.~~

~~The Company had approximately $7.0 million and $45.5 million outstanding under~~hedged the facility as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and approximately $53.1 million and $10.1 million available but not utilized as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Aggregate costs incurred under the facility were approximately $0.3 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, and $0.9 million and $0.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and are includedCompany's net investment in ~~interest expense~~Euro-denominated assets against future volatility in the ~~accompanying consolidated statement~~exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Euro. The agreements had a five year tenor at notional amounts declining from $150.0 million to $75.0 million over the contract period. Under the terms of ~~income. The facility expires on June 30, 2020.~~the swap agreements, the Company was to receive net interest payments at a fixed rate of approximately 2.1% of the notional amount.

TRIMAS CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

The cost of funds fees incurred are determined by calculating the estimated present value of the receivables sold compared to their carrying amount. The estimated present value factor is based on historical collection experience and a discount rate based on a 1-month LIBOR-based rate plus the usage fee discussed above and is computed in accordance with the terms of the agreement. As of September 30, ~~2017, the cost of funds under the facility was based on an average liquidation period of the portfolio of approximately 1.7 months~~2019 and ~~an average discount rate of 2.0%.~~

8~~. Derivative Instruments~~

The Company has historically utilized interest rate swap agreements to fix the LIBOR-based variable portion of the interest rate on its long-term debt. Prior to its debt refinancing in September 2017, the Company had interest rate swap agreements in place that hedged a declining notional value of debt ranging from approximately $238.4 million to approximately $192.7 million, amortizing consistent with future scheduled debt principal payments. The interest rate swap agreements required the Company to receive a variable interest rate and pay a fixed interest rate in a range of 0.74% to 2.68% with various expiration terms extending to June 30, 2020. At inception, the interest rate swaps were designated as cash flow hedges.

In September 2017, immediately following the debt refinancing, the Company determined the likelihood of the hedged transactions occurring was less than probable and de-designated the interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges and terminated the interest rate swaps for a cash payment of approximately $4.7 million. There were no interest rate swaps outstanding as of September 30, 2017. The cash flows associated with the cash flow hedges are reported in net cash provided by operating activities on the statement of cash flows. Up to the date of the termination, the Company utilized hedge accounting, which allows for the effective portion of the interest rate swaps to be recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss ("AOCI") in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. At the date the Company de-designated the swaps as effective hedges, there was approximately $2.9 million (net of tax of $1.8 million) of unrealized losses remaining in AOCI, which were reclassified into debt financing and related expenses in the accompanying consolidated statement of income during the third quarter of 2017.

~~As of~~ ~~September 30, 2017~~ ~~and~~ December 31, ~~2016~~2018, the fair value carrying amount of the Company's derivative instruments are recorded as follows (dollars in thousands):



		Asset / (Liability) Derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	Balance Sheet Caption	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Net Investment Hedges
Cross-currency swaps	Other assets	$	7,680	$	130

Asset / (Liability) Derivatives
Balance Sheet Caption September 30,
2017 December 31,
2016
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate swaps Prepaid expenses and other current assets $ —
$ 160
Interest rate swaps Accrued liabilities —
(870 )
Interest rate swaps Other long-term liabilities —
(3,360 )
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments $ —
$ (4,070 )

~~TRIMAS CORPORATION~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

The following table summarizes the ~~loss~~income recognized in AOCI on derivative contracts designated as hedging instruments as of September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and December 31, ~~2016,~~2018, and the amounts reclassified from AOCI into earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018 (dollars in thousands):



	Amount of Income Recognized in AOCI on Derivative (Effective Portion, net of tax)					Amount of Income (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings
						Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	As of September 30, 2019		As of December 31, 2018		Location of Income (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings (Effective Portion)	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net Investment Hedges
Cross-currency swaps	$	6,680	$	940	Other income (expense), net	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Over the next 12 months, the Company does not expect to reclassify any pre-tax deferred amounts from AOCI into earnings.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

As of September 30, 2019, the Company was party to foreign currency exchange forward contracts to economically hedge changes in foreign currency rates with notional amounts of approximately $102.9 million. The Company uses foreign exchange contracts to mitigate the risk associated with fluctuations in currency rates impacting cash flows related to certain of its receivables, payables and intercompany transactions denominated in foreign currencies. The foreign exchange contracts primarily mitigate currency exposures between the U.S. dollar and the Euro, British pound and the Chinese yuan, and have various settlement dates through March 2020. These contracts are not designated as hedge instruments; therefore, gains and losses on these contracts are recognized each period directly into the consolidated statement of income.

The following table summarizes the effects of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments on the Company's consolidated statement of income (dollars in thousands):

Amount of Loss Recognized
in AOCI on Derivative
(Effective Portion, net of tax) Amount of Loss Reclassified
from AOCI into Earnings
Three months ended
September 30, Nine months ended
September 30,

As of
September 30,
2017
As of December 31, 2016 Location of Loss Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings (Effective Portion) 2017 2016 2017 2016
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate swaps $ —
$ (2,520 ) Interest expense $ 20
$ (250 ) $ (320 ) $ (470 )
Debt financing and related expenses $ (4,680 ) $ —
$ (4,680 ) $ —



		Amount of Income Recognized in Earnings on Derivatives
		Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	Location of Income Recognized in Earnings on Derivatives	2019		2018		2019		2018
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign exchange contracts	Other income (expense), net	$	1,170	$	—	$	1,390	$	—

TRIMAS CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

Fair Value of Derivatives

The fair value of the Company's derivatives are estimated using an income approach based on valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single, discounted amount. Estimates of the fair value of the Company's ~~interest rate~~cross-currency swaps and foreign exchange contracts use observable inputs such as interest rate yield ~~curves.~~curves and forward currency exchange rates. Fair value measurements and the fair value hierarchy level for the Company's assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and December 31, ~~2016~~2018 are shown below (dollars in thousands):



Description	Frequency	Asset / (Liability)		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
September 30, 2019
Cross-currency swaps	Recurring	$	7,680	$	—	$	7,680	$	—
Foreign exchange contracts	Recurring	$	1,300	$	—	$	1,300	$	—
December 31, 2018
Cross-currency swaps	Recurring	$	130	$	—	$	130	$	—

11. Leases

The Company leases certain equipment and facilities under non-cancelable operating leases. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; expense related to these leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The components of lease expense are as follows (dollars in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Operating lease cost	$	2,611	$	7,731
Short-term, variable and other lease costs	517		1,707
Total lease cost	$	3,128	$	9,438

Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows (dollars in thousands):

Description Frequency Asset / (Liability) Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
September 30, 2017 Interest rate swaps Recurring $ —
$ —
$ —
$ —
December 31, 2016 Interest rate swaps Recurring $ (4,070 ) $ —
$ (4,070 ) $ —



Year ended December 31,	Operating Leases^(a)
2019 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2019)	$	2,589
2020	9,768
2021	8,246
2022	5,600
2023	4,450
Thereafter	12,527
Total lease payments	43,180
Less: Imputed interest	(6,040		)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	37,140

__________________________


^(a)	The maturity table excludes cash flows associated with exited lease facilities. Liabilities for exited lease facilities are included in accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

TRIMAS CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

The weighted-average remaining lease term of the Company's operating leases as of September 30, 2019 is approximately 6.0 years. The weighted-average discount rate as of September 30, 2019 is approximately 5.0%.

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was approximately $7.8 million, and is included in cash flows provided by operating activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows.

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were approximately $1.9 million.

912. Commitments and Contingencies

Asbestos

As of September 30, ~~2017~~2019, the Company was a party to ~~600~~356 pending cases involving an aggregate of ~~5,265~~4,778 claims primarily alleging personal injury from exposure to asbestos containing materials formerly used in gaskets (both encapsulated and otherwise) ~~allegedly~~ manufactured or distributed by certain of its subsidiaries for use primarily in the petrochemical, refining and exploration industries. The following chart summarizes the number of claims, number of claims filed, number of claims dismissed, number of claims settled, the average settlement amount per claim and the total defense costs, excluding amounts reimbursed under the Company's primary insurance, at the applicable date and for the applicable periods:



	Claims pending at beginning of period	Claims filed during period	Claims dismissed during period	Claims settled during period	Claims pending at end of period	Average settlement amount per claim during period		Total defense costs during period
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019	4,820	100	127	15	4,778	$	23,933	$	1,714,530
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2018	5,256	171	564	43	4,820	$	7,191	$	2,260,000

Claims
pending at
beginning of
period

Claims filed
during
period

Claims
dismissed
during
period

Claims
settled
during
period

Average
settlement
amount per
claim during
period

Total defense
costs during
period
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 5,339
128
180
22
$ 5,375
$ 1,697,400
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2016 6,242
140
1,009
34
$ 15,624
$ 2,920,000

In addition, the Company acquired various companies to distribute its products that had distributed gaskets of other manufacturers prior to acquisition. The Company believes that many of its pending cases relate to locations at which none of its gaskets were distributed or used.

~~TRIMAS CORPORATION~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

The Company may be subjected to significant additional asbestos-related claims in the future, the cost of settling cases in which product identification can be made may increase, and the Company may be subjected to further claims in respect of the former activities of its acquired gasket distributors. The Company is unable to make a meaningful statement concerning the monetary claims made in the asbestos cases given that, among other things, claims may be initially made in some jurisdictions without specifying the amount sought or by simply stating the requisite or maximum permissible monetary relief, and may be amended to alter the amount sought. The large majority of claims do not specify the amount sought. Of the ~~5,265~~4,778 claims pending at September 30, ~~2017, 54~~2019, 60 set forth specific amounts of damages (other than those stating the statutory minimum or maximum). At September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, of the 5460 claims that set forth specific amounts, there ~~were no claims~~was 1 claim seeking ~~specific amounts~~more than $5 million for punitive damages. Below is a breakdown of the ~~amount~~compensatory damages sought for those claims seeking specific amounts:

Compensatory
Range of damages sought (dollars in millions) $0.0 to $0.6 $0.6 to $5.0 $5.0+
Number of claims — 13 41

In addition, relatively few of the claims have reached the discovery stage and even fewer claims have gone past the discovery stage.

TRIMAS CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

Total settlement costs (exclusive of defense costs) for all such cases, some of which were filed over 2025 years ago, have been approximately ~~$8.4~~$9.2 million. All relief sought in the asbestos cases is monetary in nature. To date, approximately 40% of the Company's costs related to settlement and defense of asbestos litigation have been covered by its primary insurance. Effective February 14, 2006, the Company entered into a coverage-in-place agreement with its first level excess carriers regarding the coverage to be provided to the Company for asbestos-related claims when the primary insurance is exhausted. The coverage-in-place agreement makes asbestos defense costs and indemnity insurance coverage available to the Company that might otherwise be disputed by the carriers and provides a methodology for the administration of such expenses. ~~Nonetheless, the Company believes it is likely there will be a period within the next 12 months, prior to the commencement of coverage under this agreement and following exhaustion of the~~The Company's primary insurance ~~coverage, during which~~exhausted in November 2018, and the Company will be solely responsible for defense costs and indemnity payments prior to the commencement of coverage under this agreement, the duration of which would be subject to the scope of damage awards and settlements paid.

Based on the settlements made to date and the number of claims dismissed or withdrawn for lack of product identification, the Company believes that the relief sought (when specified) does not bear a reasonable relationship to its potential liability. Based upon the Company's experience to date, including the trend in annual defense and settlement costs incurred to date, and other available information (including the availability of excess insurance), the Company does not believe these cases will have a material adverse effect on its financial position and results of operations or cash flows.

Metaldyne Corporation

Prior to 2002, the Company was wholly-owned by Metaldyne Corporation ("Metaldyne"). In connection with the reorganization between TriMas and Metaldyne in 2002, TriMas assumed certain liabilities and obligations of Metaldyne, mainly comprised of contractual obligations to former TriMas employees, tax related matters, benefit plan liabilities and reimbursements to Metaldyne of normal course payments to be made on TriMas' behalf.

In 2007, Metaldyne merged into a subsidiary of Asahi Tec Corporation (“Asahi”) whereby Metaldyne became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Asahi, and in 2009, Metaldyne and its U.S. subsidiaries filed voluntary petitions in the United States Bankruptcy Court under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code.

In January 2018, the U.S. Bankruptcy Court entered a final decree to close all remaining cases and finalize the Metaldyne bankruptcy distribution trust, effectively terminating any potential obligation by TriMas to Metaldyne. In consideration of the final decree, the Company removed the obligation from its balance sheet during the first quarter of 2018, resulting in an approximate $8.2 million non-cash reduction in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statement of income.

Claims and Litigation

The Company is subject to other claims and litigation in the ordinary course of business, but does not believe that any such claim or litigation will have a material adverse effect on its financial position and results of operations or cash flows.

1013. Segment Information

TriMas ~~groups its operating~~reports three segments: Packaging, Aerospace, and Specialty Products. Each of these segments ~~into reportable segments that provide similar products and services. Each operating segment~~ has discrete financial information that is regularly evaluated ~~regularly~~ by ~~the Company's~~TriMas' president and chief executive officer (chief operating decision ~~maker~~maker) in determining resource, personnel and capital allocation, as well as assessing strategy and ~~assessing~~ performance. The Company utilizes its proprietary TriMas Business Model as a standardized set of processes to manage and drive results and strategy across its multi-industry businesses.

Within ~~these~~the Company's reportable segments, there are no individual products or product families for which reported net sales accounted for more than 10% of the Company's consolidated net sales. See below for more information regarding the types of products and services provided within each reportable segment:

Packaging – ~~Highly engineered~~The Packaging segment, which consists primarily of the Rieke^® brand, develops and manufactures specialty dispensing and closure products for the health, beauty and ~~dispensing systems for a range of end markets, including steel~~home care, food and ~~plastic within~~beverage, and industrial ~~and consumer packaging applications.~~markets.

Aerospace – ~~Permanent blind bolts, temporary~~The Aerospace segment, which includes the Monogram Aerospace Fasteners^™, Allfast Fastening Systems^® and Mac Fasteners^™ brands, develops, qualifies and manufactures highly-engineered, precision fasteners ~~highly engineered specialty fasteners, and other precision machined parts used in~~to serve the ~~commercial, business and military~~ aerospace ~~industries.~~

~~Energy –~~ ~~Metallic and non-metallic industrial sealant products and fasteners for the petroleum refining, petrochemical and other industrial markets.~~market.

TRIMAS CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

~~Engineered Components~~Specialty Products – ~~High-pressure~~The Specialty Products segment, which includes the Norris Cylinder^™, Lamons^®, Arrow^® Engine and ~~low-pressure~~Martinic Engineering^™brands, designs, manufactures and distributes highly-engineered steel cylinders, sealing and fastener products, wellhead engines and compression systems and machined products for use within the ~~transportation, storage and dispensing of compressed gases, and natural gas engines, compressors, gas production equipment and chemical pumps engineered at well sites for the~~industrial, petrochemical, oil and gas ~~industry.~~exploration and refining and aerospace markets.

Segment activity is as follows (dollars in thousands):



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Net Sales
Packaging	$	105,480		$	95,250		$	298,310		$	278,540
Aerospace	43,140			40,890			123,710			117,780
Specialty Products	88,210			87,640			275,470			269,470
Total	$	236,830		$	223,780		$	697,490		$	665,790
Operating Profit (Loss)
Packaging	$	19,740		$	22,060		$	60,020		$	64,450
Aerospace	8,230			7,680			20,980			18,720
Specialty Products	8,400			8,330			29,430			28,570
Corporate^(a)	(7,680		)	(8,190		)	(24,780		)	(15,130		)
Total	$	28,690		$	29,880		$	85,650		$	96,610

Three months ended
September 30, Nine months ended
September 30,
2017 2016 2017 2016
Net Sales
Packaging $ 89,560
$ 90,330
$ 259,260
$ 258,550
Aerospace 48,550
47,430
141,550
132,020
Energy 40,440
38,230
124,860
122,930
Engineered Components 30,780
26,300
96,860
94,990
Total $ 209,330
$ 202,290
$ 622,530
$ 608,490
Operating Profit (Loss)
Packaging $ 23,090
$ 20,090
$ 61,480
$ 59,340
Aerospace 7,760
6,660
19,690
13,670
Energy 1,240
(1,870 ) (2,550 ) (8,570 )
Engineered Components 3,310
3,180
13,000
12,620
Corporate expenses (7,280 ) (10,270 ) (21,510 ) (24,160 )
Total $ 28,120
$ 17,790
$ 70,110
$ 52,900
__________________________


^(a)	During the first quarter of 2018, the Company removed an obligation from its balance sheet, resulting in an approximate $8.2 million non-cash reduction in selling, general and administrative expenses. See Note 12, "Commitments and Contingencies," for further details.

1114. Equity Awards

The Company maintains (or has maintained) the following long-term equity incentive plans or programs: the TriMas Corporation 2017 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan, the TriMas Corporation Director Retainer Share Election Program, the 2011 TriMas Corporation Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan and the TriMas Corporation 2006 Long Term Equity Incentive Plan (collectively, the "Plans"). The 2006 Long Term Equity Incentive Plan expired in 2016, such that, while existing grants will remain outstanding until exercised, settled, canceled, forfeited or expired, no new awards may be granted under the plan. See below for details of awards under the Plans by type.

Stock Options

The Company did not grant any stock option awards during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019. Information related to stock options at September 30, ~~2017~~2019 is as follows:



	Number of Stock Options		Weighted Average Option Price		Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2019	206,854		$	13.19
Granted	—		—
Exercised	(56,854	)	0.86
Cancelled	—		—
Expired	—		—
Outstanding at September 30, 2019	150,000		$	17.87	6.8	$	1,917,000

Number of
Stock Options Weighted Average Option Price Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017 206,854
$ 13.19

Granted —
—

  Exercised —
—

  Cancelled —
—

  Expired —
—

Outstanding at September 30, 2017 206,854
$ 13.19
6.8 $ 2,855,664

~~TRIMAS CORPORATION~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

As of September 30, ~~2017, 106,854~~2019, 150,000 stock options outstanding were exercisable under the ~~Plans.~~Company's long-term equity incentive plans. As of September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, there was ~~approximately $0.4 million of~~0 unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options ~~that is expected to be recorded over a weighted average period of 1.8 years.~~remaining.

The Company recognized ~~approximately $0.1 million~~a de minimis amount of stock-based compensation expense related to stock options during the three ~~months~~month periods ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016, respectively,~~2018, and recognized approximately ~~$0.5~~$0.1 million and ~~$0.1~~$0.2 million of stock-based compensation expense during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, respectively. The stock-based compensation expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statement of income.

TRIMAS CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

Restricted ~~Shares~~Stock Units

The Company awarded the following restricted ~~shares~~stock units ("RSUs") during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017:~~2019:

granted ~~189,062 restricted shares of common stock~~137,064 RSUs to certain employees, which are subject only to a service condition and vest ratably over three years so long as the employee remains with the Company; and

granted ~~30,429~~ ~~restricted shares of common stock~~25,872 RSUs to its non-employee independent directors, which vest one year from date of grant so long as the director and/or Company does not terminate the director's service prior to the vesting date.

In addition, the Company issued 3,590 RSUs related to director fee deferrals during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017, the Company issued 10,389 shares related to director fee deferrals.~~2019. The Company allows for its non-employee independent directors to make an annual election to defer all or a portion of their directors fees and to receive the deferred amount in cash or equity. Certain of the Company's directors have elected to defer all or a portion of their directors fees and to receive the amount in Company common stock at a future date.

During ~~the nine months ended September 30, 2017,~~2019, the Company awarded ~~111,761~~95,882 performance-based ~~shares of common stock~~RSUs to certain Company key employees which vest three years from the grant date soas long as the employee remains with the Company. These awards are earned 50% based upon the Company's achievement of earnings per share compound annual growth rate ("EPS CAGR") metrics over a period beginning January 1, ~~2017~~2019 and ending December 31, ~~2019.~~2021. The remaining 50% of the ~~awards~~grants are earned based on the Company's total shareholder return ("TSR") relative to the TSR of the common stock of a pre-defined industry peer-group and measured over the performance period. TSR is calculated as the Company's average closing stock price for the 20-trading days at the end of the performance period plus Company dividends, divided by the Company's average closing stock price for the 20-trading days prior to the start of the performance period. The Company ~~estimated~~estimates the grant-date fair value ~~and term of the awards~~ subject to a market condition using a Monte Carlo simulation model, using the following weighted average assumptions: risk-free ~~interest~~ rate of ~~1.52%~~2.29% and annualized volatility of ~~35.6%~~26.7%. Depending on the performance achieved for these two metrics, the amount of shares earned, if any, can vary ~~from 40% of the target award to a maximum of 200% of the target award~~ for ~~the EPS CAGR~~each metric ~~and~~from 0% of the target award to a maximum of 200% of the target ~~award for the TSR metric.~~award.

During ~~2015,~~2016, the Company awarded performance-based ~~shares of common stock~~RSUs to certain Company key employees which were earned based upon the Company's ~~total~~ TSR relative to the TSR of the common stock of a pre-defined industry peer-group and measured over a period beginning ~~September 10, 2015~~January 1, 2016 and ending on December 31, ~~2016.~~2018. Depending on the performance achieved, the amount of shares earned could vary from 0% of the target award to a maximum of 200% of the target award. The Company attained ~~121.1%~~139.0% of the target on a weighted average basis, resulting in an increase of ~~12,718~~38,315 shares during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017.~~2019.

Information related to ~~restricted shares~~RSUs at September 30, ~~2017~~2019 is as follows:



	Number of Unvested RSUs		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2019	663,128		$	26.67
Granted	300,723		31.15
Vested	(298,903	)	22.26
Cancelled	(24,787	)	30.38
Outstanding at September 30, 2019	640,161		$	30.69	1.2	$	19,620,935

Number of Unvested Restricted Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017 645,660
$ 20.45

  Granted 354,359
24.96

  Vested (236,198 ) 20.41

  Cancelled (18,561 ) 21.06

Outstanding at September 30, 2017 745,260
$ 22.59
1.1 $ 20,122,020

As of September 30, ~~2017~~2019, there was approximately ~~$7.5~~$10.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested ~~restricted shares~~RSUs that is expected to be recorded over a weighted average period of ~~2.1~~ ~~years.~~2.2 years.

~~TRIMAS CORPORATION~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)~~

~~(unaudited)~~

The Company recognized ~~approximately $1.6 million and $1.0 million of~~ stock-based compensation expense related to ~~restricted shares~~RSUs of approximately $1.1 million and $1.7 million during the three months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, respectively and approximately ~~$4.6~~$4.1 million and ~~$5.1~~$4.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~,2018, respectively. The stock-based compensation expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statement of income.

12TRIMAS CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

15. Earnings per Share

Net income is divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period to calculate basic earnings per share. Diluted earnings per share is calculated to give effect to stock options and ~~restricted share awards.~~RSUs. The following table summarizes the dilutive effect of ~~restricted shares~~RSUs and options to purchase common stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016:~~2018:


	Three months ended September 30,		Nine months ended September 30,		Three months ended September 30,		Nine months ended September 30,
	2017	2016	2017	2016	2019	2018	2019	2018
Weighted average common shares—basic	45,721,155	45,435,936	45,669,782	45,381,592	45,175,244	45,850,288	45,448,711	45,850,187
Dilutive effect of restricted share awards	233,859	244,757	226,617	248,942
Dilutive effect of restricted stock units					179,418	203,800	229,003	246,347
Dilutive effect of stock options	74,347	79,762	57,179	83,339	61,105	112,470	67,707	102,350
Weighted average common shares—diluted	46,029,361	45,760,455	45,953,578	45,713,873	45,415,767	46,166,558	45,745,421	46,198,884

In February 2019, the Company announced its Board of Directors had authorized the Company to increase the purchase of its common stock up to $75 million in the aggregate. The previous authorization, approved in November 2015, authorized up to $50 million in share repurchases. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company purchased 196,128 and 723,528 shares of its outstanding common stock for approximately $5.7 million and $21.1 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company purchased 23,191 and 124,138 shares of its outstanding common stock for approximately $0.7 million and $3.6 million, respectively.

1316. Defined Benefit Plans

Net periodic pension benefit costs for the Company's defined benefit pension plans cover certain foreign employees, union hourly employees and salaried employees. The components of net periodic pension cost ~~for the three and~~ ~~nine months ended September 30, 2017~~ ~~and~~ ~~2016~~are as follows (dollars in thousands):



	Pension Plans
	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Service costs	$	270		$	270		$	790		$	850
Interest costs	260			260			800			850
Expected return on plan assets	(350		)	(340		)	(1,050		)	(1,190		)
Settlement/curtailment loss	—			—			—			2,500
Amortization of net loss	140			180			430			670
Net periodic benefit cost	$	320		$	370		$	970		$	3,680

Pension Plans
Three months ended
September 30, Nine months ended
September 30,
2017 2016 2017 2016
Service costs $ 290
$ 250
$ 840
$ 740
Interest costs 310
390
950
1,180
Expected return on plan assets (370 ) (420 ) (1,100 ) (1,260 )
Amortization of net loss 260
230
760
710
Net periodic benefit cost $ 490
$ 450
$ 1,450
$ 1,370
The service cost component of net periodic benefit cost is recorded in cost of goods sold and selling, general and administrative expenses, while non-service cost components are recorded in other income (expense), net in the accompanying consolidated statement of income.

During the second quarter of 2018, the Company purchased an annuity contract to transfer certain retiree defined benefit obligations to an insurance company. The annuity contract was funded by plan assets. The Company recognized a one-time settlement charge of approximately $2.5 million, which is included in other income (expense), net in the accompanying consolidated statement of income.

The Company contributed approximately ~~$1.7~~$0.6 million and ~~$2.8~~$1.6 million to its defined benefit pension plans during the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, respectively. The Company expects to contribute approximately ~~$3.4~~$1.9 million to its defined benefit pension plans for the full year ~~2017~~.2019.

TRIMAS CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

1417. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in AOCI by component for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 are summarized as follows, net of tax (dollars in thousands):



	Defined Benefit Plans			Derivative Instruments			Foreign Currency Translation			Total
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	(7,200	)	$	940		$	(10,590	)	$	(16,850	)
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period ^(a)	—			5,750			(4,380		)	1,370
Less: Net realized losses reclassified to net income ^(b)	(300		)	—			—			(300		)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	300			5,750			(4,380		)	1,670
Reclassification of stranded tax effects	(1,260		)	(10		)	—			(1,270		)
Balance, September 30, 2019	$	(8,160	)	$	6,680		$	(14,970	)	$	(16,450	)

Defined Benefit Plans Derivative Instruments Foreign Currency Translation Total
Balance, December 31, 2016 $ (12,120 ) $ (2,520 ) $ (9,760 ) $ (24,400 )
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period ^(a)
—
(580 ) 4,640
4,060
Less: Net realized losses reclassified to net income ^(b)
(500 ) (3,100 ) —
(3,600 )
Net current-period other comprehensive income 500
2,520
4,640
7,660
Balance, September 30, 2017 $ (11,620 ) $ —
$ (5,120 ) $ (16,740 )

__________________________

^(a)~~Derivative instruments, net of income tax of approximately $0.4 million. See Note 8, "Derivative Instruments," for further details.~~

^(b)~~Defined benefit plans, net of income tax of approximately $0.2 million. See Note 13, "Defined Benefit Plans," for further details. Derivative instruments, net of income tax of approximately $1.9 million. See Note 8, "Derivative Instruments," for further details.~~


^(a)	Derivative instruments, net of income tax of approximately $1.8 million. See Note 10, "Derivative Instruments," for further details.


^(b)	Defined benefit plans, net of income tax of approximately $0.1 million. See Note 16, "Defined Benefit Plans," for further details.

Changes in AOCI by component for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2016~~2018 are summarized as follows, net of tax (dollars in thousands):

Defined Benefit Plans Derivative Instruments Foreign Currency Translation Total
Balance, December 31, 2015 $ (12,370 ) $ (1,790 ) $ 2,860
$ (11,300 )
Net unrealized losses arising during the period ^(a)
—
(3,950 ) (8,290 ) (12,240 )
Less: Net realized losses reclassified to net income ^(b)
(440 ) (290 ) —
(730 )
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) 440
(3,660 ) (8,290 ) (11,510 )
Balance, September 30, 2016 $ (11,930 ) $ (5,450 ) $ (5,430 ) $ (22,810 )



	Defined Benefit Plans			Derivative Instruments			Foreign Currency Translation			Total
Balance, December 31, 2017	$	(10,450	)	$	(3,170	)	$	(3,710	)	$	(17,330	)
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period ^(a)	—			1,720			(6,300		)	(4,580		)
Less: Net realized losses reclassified to net income ^(b)	(3,030		)	—			—			(3,030		)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	3,030			1,720			(6,300		)	(1,550		)
Balance, September 30, 2018	$	(7,420	)	$	(1,450	)	$	(10,010	)	$	(18,880	)

__________________________


^(a)	Derivative instruments, net of income tax of approximately $0.5 million. See Note 10, "Derivative Instruments," for further details.


^(b)	Defined benefit plans, net of income tax of approximately $0.9 million. See Note 16, "Defined Benefit Plans," for further details.

^(a)~~Derivative instruments, net of income tax of approximately $2.4 million. See Note 8, "Derivative Instruments," for further details.~~

^(b)~~Defined benefit plans, net of income tax of approximately $0.2 million. See Note 13, "Defined Benefit Plans," for further details. Derivative instruments, net of income tax of approximately $0.2 million. See Note 8, "Derivative Instruments," for further details.~~TRIMAS CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

~~15.~~(unaudited)

18. Subsequent ~~Event~~Events

In ~~October 2017,~~November 2019, the Company entered into ~~cross-currency swap agreements~~a definitive agreement to ~~hedge~~sell its ~~net investment~~Lamons business to First Reserve, a private equity firm focused on energy investing, for approximately $135 million in ~~Euro-denominated assets against future volatility~~cash, subject to customary working capital and purchase price adjustments. Lamons, a leading provider of industrial sealing and fastener solutions in the ~~exchange rate between~~petrochemical, petroleum refining, midstream energy transportation, upstream oil and gas, metropolitan water and wastewater management end markets, is currently part of the ~~U.S. dollar~~Company's Specialty Products reportable segment and generated approximately $186 million in net sales for the ~~Euro. By doing so,~~twelve months ended September 30, 2019.

In November 2019, the Company ~~synthetically converted a portion~~announced that its Board of ~~its U.S. dollar-based long-term debt into Euro-denominated long-term debt. The agreements have a five year tenor at notional amounts declining from $150.0~~Directors increased the Company’s common stock share repurchase authorization to $150 million ~~to $75.0 million over~~in the ~~contract period. Under the terms~~aggregate of the ~~swap agreements,~~Company's common stock. The previous authorization, approved in February 2019, authorized up to $75 million in share repurchases. The increased authorization includes the ~~Company is to receive net interest payments at a fixed rate~~value of ~~approximately 2.10% of~~shares already purchased under the ~~notional amount.~~previous authorization.

Item 2.2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition contains forward-looking statements regarding industry outlook and our expectations regarding the performance of our business. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties described under the heading "Forward-Looking Statements," at the beginning of this report. Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements. You should read the following discussion together with the Company's reports on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016.~~2018.

Introduction

We are a diversified ~~industrial~~global manufacturer and provider of products for customers in the consumer products, aerospace, industrial, petrochemical, refinery, and oil and gas end markets. Our wide range of innovative ~~and quality~~ product solutions are engineered and designed to ~~address~~solve application-specific challenges that our customers face. We believe our businesses share important and distinguishing characteristics, including: well-recognized and leading brand names in the focused markets we serve; ~~established distribution networks;~~ innovative product technologies and features; customer approved processes and qualified products; established distribution networks; relatively low ongoing capital investment requirements; strong cash flow conversion and long-term growth opportunities. WeWhile the majority of our revenue is in the United States, we manufacture and supply products globally to a wide range of companies. We are principally engaged in ~~four~~three reportable segments: Packaging, Aerospace ~~Energy~~ and ~~Engineered Components.~~Specialty Products.

In November 2019, we entered into a definitive agreement to sell our Lamons business to First Reserve, a private equity firm focused on energy investing, for approximately $135 million in cash, subject to customary working capital and purchase price adjustments. Lamons is currently part of our Specialty Products reportable segment and generated approximately $186 million in net sales for the twelve months ended September 30, 2019. This is an important strategic advancement for TriMas, as we simplify and streamline our portfolio of businesses, reduce our exposure to the energy-related end market and allow us to further focus on our Packaging and Aerospace reportable segments. We will report Lamons' results of operations as discontinued operations beginning in the fourth quarter of 2019. Consummation of the sale is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of customary closing conditions.

Key Factors ~~and Risks~~ Affecting Our Reported ~~Results.~~Results

Our businesses and results of operations depend upon general economic ~~conditions and we~~conditions. We serve ~~some~~ customers in cyclical industries that are highly competitive and ~~are themselves~~that may be significantly impacted by changes in economic conditions. ~~There has been low overall economic~~

While the net sales growth ~~particularly~~ in the ~~United States, and global economic conditions have been relatively stable over the past couple~~first half of ~~years.~~

~~During~~2019 versus 2018 was largely consistent with our expectations, sales growth in the third quarter of ~~2017, there were two main factors impacting~~2019 was less than expected, primarily in our reported results. First, in September 2017, we refinanced our long-term debt, issuing $300 million principal of 4.875% senior unsecured notes due October 2025 ("Senior Notes") at par value in a private placement offering. Proceeds from the Senior Notes offering were used to repay all outstanding obligationsPackaging and Specialty Products reportable segments. Each of our three reportable segments increased net sales in third quarter 2019 compared to third quarter 2018, with overall net sales increasing approximately $13.1 million, or 5.8%. The increase was primarily driven by the Packaging acquisitions we completed in 2019. In addition, demand levels in certain end markets remained robust, especially for health, beauty and home care products, downstream petrochemical and refining sealing products, as well as commercial aircraft fastening products. However, demand levels in certain of our end markets declined in the third quarter from prior ~~term loan A facility, repay a portion~~quarter and prior year levels, particularly for North America industrial applications and for upstream oil and gas products. While difficult to quantify, we believe demand levels in many of ~~outstanding obligations under our accounts receivable facility and pay fees and expenses~~the end markets we serve are being affected by uncertainties related to the ~~refinancing. In connection with the Senior Notes offering, we also amended our existing credit agreement ("Credit Agreement") to increase the level~~direct and indirect impact of ~~permitted foreign currency borrowings, resize our revolving loan commitments~~current and ~~extend the maturity to September 2022. We paid fees~~proposed tariffs and expenses of approximately $10.8 million in connection with refinancing-related activities, of which approximately $6.0 million was capitalized as deferred financing fees and $4.8 million was expensed, which was primarily related to the termination of interest rate swap agreements. In addition, we recorded non-cash charges of approximately $2.0 million related to the write-off of previously capitalized deferred financing fees.other restrictions on trade.

The ~~second factor affecting~~most significant drivers of change in the results of our operations in third quarter 2017 results was Hurricane Harvey, which primarily impacted our Energy reportable segment. While we sustained limited structural damage, our manufacturing facility in Houston, Texas was closed for one week and certain of our branch locations in Texas and Louisiana2019 compared with third quarter 2018 were closed for up to two weeks following the storm due to flooding in the surrounding region. When we initially resumed operations, our facilities did not operate at full capacity or efficiency. In addition, many of our customers’ facilities were temporarily idled as these companies evaluated the impact of our two acquisitions in 2019, which drove the ~~storm before resuming operations. In~~overall sales growth but at lower operating margins, an increase in our effective income tax rate in third quarter 2019 versus third quarter 2018, and higher freight and logistics costs.

We acquired Plastic Srl and Taplast S.p.A. ("Taplast") in January 2019 and April 2019, respectively. Plastic Srl is a manufacturer of single-bodied and assembled polymeric caps and closures for use in home care product applications. Taplast is a designer and manufacturer of dispensers, closures and containers for the ~~second half~~beauty and personal care, household, and food and beverage packaging end markets. These acquisitions contributed $11.5 million of ~~September, we increased~~sales during third quarter 2019 within our ~~staffing levels~~Packaging reportable segment, and provide opportunities for future growth, as well as additional manufacturing and engineering capacity, in the European market. The current profit margins of these acquired businesses are below those of our Packaging base product lines. While Plastic Srl and Taplast were accretive to ~~ensure we could meet our customers' requirements as they assessed~~third quarter 2019 operating profit dollars, their relative contribution at a lower margin reduced the ~~condition of their facilities~~overall Packaging reportable segment operating profit margin by more than 100 basis points. We expect, over time, to fully integrate these acquisitions utilizing the TriMas Business Model ("TBM"), achieving planned synergies and ~~product requirements. While we were able to respond to~~improving margins.

Our effective income tax rate for third quarter 2019 and 2018 was 25.9% and 15.4%, respectively. The increase in the immediate customer demand and achieve expected sales levels, we also incurred higher-than-normal operating costs due to the inability to efficiently plan and schedule required production. In addition, initial customer demandrate was ~~for standard products rather than our more highly-engineered products, resulting in a less favorable product sales mix. As~~primarily a result of ~~lower absorption due to the lost production days, the higher cost~~recognizing a net tax benefit of ~~production when we resumed operations, and the less favorable product sales mix, we estimate our operating profit was negatively impacted by~~ approximately $1$2.7 million in the third quarter of ~~2017.~~ 2018 related to provision to return adjustments for our U.S. Federal tax return, which included an approximate $1.1 million benefit due to additional regulations that were issued in connection with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Reform Act").

~~In addition~~The third significant driver of third quarter 2019 results was an increase of approximately $2.0 million in freight and logistics costs versus third quarter 2018 levels, primarily in our Packaging reportable segment. Approximately half of this increase related to expediting or splitting shipments in order to fulfill committed delivery dates, with the remainder attributable to higher overall freight costs per shipment as well as higher sales volumes.

One additional factor significantly impacting the nine months ended September 30, 2019 versus the nine months ended September 30, 2018 results of operations relates to the ~~third~~first quarter ~~2017 events, the most significant external factor affecting us recently has been the impact~~2018 termination of ~~low oil prices,~~a legacy liability of approximately $8.2 million, which ~~began~~resulted in a non-cash reduction to ~~decline in the fourth quarter of 2014,~~corporate office selling, general and since have remained at low levels. This decline has most directly impacted the Arrow Engine business, which serves the upstream oil and natural gas markets at the well site, within our Engineered Components reportable segment. Arrow Engine has experienced a more than 75% decline in net sales from pre-2015 levels as a result of the low oil-related activity and end-market demand. Net salesadministrative expenses. Prior to 2002, we were ~~slightly higher in the first nine months of 2017 compared~~wholly-owned by Metaldyne Corporation ("Metaldyne"). In connection with the ~~first nine months~~reorganization between TriMas and Metaldyne in June 2002, we assumed certain liabilities and obligations of ~~2016. While oil prices have fluctuated in recent months, they remain at low levels. We expect net sales~~Metaldyne, mainly comprised of contractual obligations to ~~remain at a low level compared with historical levels until the price~~former TriMas employees, tax-related matters, benefit plan liabilities and reimbursements to Metaldyne of ~~oil increases~~normal course payments to be made on TriMas' behalf. Metaldyne and ~~remains higher over a sustained period where our customers decide to increase their activity levels and related well-site investments. In response to the reduced demand, Arrow Engine has lowered~~ its ~~cost structure over the past two years to align with current demand levels, and allowed it to attain approximately break-even operating profit during full year 2016 and the first nine months of 2017.~~

Low oil prices have also impacted our Energy reportable segment. Historically, a portion of this business has served the upstream market, in addition to primarily serving petrochemical facilities and oil refineries in the downstream oil and gas markets. There have been minimal upstream sales in our Energy reportable segment over the past 18 to 24 months. In addition to the impact of lower oil prices, there has been a shift over the past few years in our Energy reportable segment from historical demand and activity, bothU.S. subsidiaries filed voluntary petitions in the United States and internationally. Petrochemical plants and refinery customers deferred shutdown activity, and we experienced decreases in engineering and construction ("E&C") customer activity. Our sales and margin levels over this period have declined significantly due to the mix of product sales and inefficiencies that resulted from the shift in activity levels. The current lower oil prices have continued to place further pressure on the top-line and predictability of customer order patterns. Given these factors, we have been realigning the business and its fixed cost structure with the current business environment, aggressively closing and consolidating facilities and seeking alternate lower-cost sources for input costs, including exits of our Wolverhampton, United Kingdom and Reynosa, Mexico facilities during 2017. We are now realizing the benefitBankruptcy Court under Chapter 11 of the ~~cost savings~~U.S. Bankruptcy Code in 2009. In January 2018, the U.S. Bankruptcy Court entered a final decree to close all remaining cases and ~~operational efficiencies associated with leveraging~~finalize the ~~new lower fixed cost structure and other initiatives, as evidenced~~Metaldyne bankruptcy distribution trust, effectively terminating any potential obligation by ~~our improvement in year-over-year operating profit in 2017, albeit tempered in third quarter 2017 by the impact of hurricane Harvey. We will continue~~TriMas to ~~evaluate the cost structure and physical footprint of the business.~~Metaldyne.

~~One other recent~~Another factor impacting the nine months ended September 30, 2019 versus the nine months ended September 30, 2018 results of operations was our ~~businesses~~settlement of defined benefit obligations in second quarter 2018. During the second quarter of 2018, we purchased an annuity contract to transfer certain retiree defined benefit obligations to an insurance company. The annuity contract was ~~within our Aerospace reportable segment, where~~funded by plan assets. We recognized a one-time settlement charge of approximately $2.5 million, which is included in other income (expense), net in the ~~first nine months~~accompanying consolidated statement of 2016, we experienced a reduction in sales, and significantly lower profit margins compared to the prior year. These reductions were as a result of production and scheduling challenges in one of our Aerospace fastener facilities, significantly lower fixed cost absorption and inefficiencies as we adjusted to changes in demand levels and customer order patterns, and integration costs associated with our November 2015 machined components facility acquisition. We established plans to address these matters, and have been executing against those plans, as evidenced by improved operating profit margins in the first nine months of 2017 compared to the first nine months of 2016, as well as on a sequential quarterly basis through the first three quarters of 2017.income.

Each year, our businesses target cost savings from continuous improvement and productivity initiatives in an effort to lower input costs or improve throughput and yield rates with a goal of at least covering inflationary and market cost increases. In addition, we continuously review our costs to ensure alignment between current demand and cost structure.Additional Key Risks that May Affect Our Reported Results

Critical factors affecting our ability to succeed include: our ability to create organic growth through product development, ~~cross selling~~cross-selling and extending product-line offerings, and our ability to quickly and cost-effectively introduce new products; our ability to acquire and integrate companies or products that supplement existing product lines, add new distribution channels or customers, expand our geographic coverage or enable better absorption of overhead costs; our ability to manage our cost structure more efficiently via supply base management, internal sourcing and/or purchasing of materials, selective outsourcing and/or purchasing of support functions, working capital management, and greater leverage of our administrative functions. ~~If we are unable to do any of the foregoing successfully, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely impacted.~~

Our overall business does not experience significant seasonal fluctuation, other than our fourth quarter, which has tended to be the lowest net sales quarter of the year ~~given~~due to holiday shutdowns inat certain customers or other customers deferring ~~capital spending~~purchases to the ~~new~~following year. WeGiven the short-cycle nature of most of our businesses, we do not consider sales order backlog to be a material ~~factor in our business.~~factor. A growing ~~portion~~amount of our sales is derived from international sources, which exposes us to certain risks, including currency risks.

We are sensitive to price movements in our raw materials supply base. Our largest material purchases are for ~~steel, aluminum, polyethylene~~resins (such as polypropylene and other resins and utility-related inputs. Historically, we have experienced volatility in costs of steel and resin and have worked with our suppliers to manage costs and disruptions in supply. We also utilize pricing programs to pass increasedpolyethylene), steel, aluminum and ~~resin~~other oil and metal-based purchased components. In mid 2018, material costs began to ~~customers.~~rise, increasing through the remainder of 2018, primarily as a direct and indirect result of foreign trade policy changes. These cost increases primarily related to oil and metal-based commodities. We took swift actions, and continue to take actions, to mitigate such cost increases, including implementing commercial pricing adjustments, resourcing to alternate suppliers and insourcing of previously sourced products to better leverage our global manufacturing footprint. As a result of these actions, as well as softening of certain underlying commodity costs, we have largely mitigated the impact such that material costs were not a significant driver of year-over-year profit change. Although we believe we are generally able to mitigate the impact of higher commodity costs, we may experience ~~delays in our ability to implement price increases, we have been generally able to recover such increased costs. We may experience~~additional material costs and disruptions in supply in the future and may not be able to pass along higher costs ~~associated with such disruptions~~ to our customers in the form of price ~~increases.~~increases or otherwise mitigate the impacts to our operating results.

Certain of our businesses in our Specialty Products reportable segment are sensitive to the demand for natural gas and crude oil ~~price movements. As noted earlier,~~in North America. For example, demand for our Arrow Engine ~~business is most directly impacted by significant volatility in oil prices. Arrow Engine's pumpjack~~business' engine, pump jack and ~~other engine sales and related parts, which comprise a significant portion of the business,~~compressor products are impacted by active oil and gas ~~drilling levels,~~ rig counts ~~well completion activities~~ and ~~commodity pricing.~~wellhead investment activities. In addition, a small portion of our ~~Energy reportable segment~~Lamons business serves upstream customers at oil well sites that ~~have been~~are impacted by ~~lower~~fluctuating oil prices. The majority of ~~this segment~~the Lamons business provides ~~parts for~~sealing and fastening products to petrochemical plants and oil refineries, ~~and chemical plants,~~ which may or may not decide to incur capital expenditures for their preventive maintenance or capacity expansion activities ~~both of which require use of our gaskets and bolts, in~~during times of fluctuating oil prices. ~~Our Packaging reportable segment may be impacted by oil prices, as it is~~Separately, oil-based commodity costs are a significant driver of ~~resin pricing, although~~raw materials and purchased components used within our Packaging reportable segment.

Although we ~~generally are able to maintain profit levels when oil prices change due to~~have escalator/de-escalator clauses in commercial contracts with ~~many~~certain of our ~~customers.~~customers, or can modify prices based on market conditions to recover higher costs, we cannot be assured of full cost recovery in the open market.

Each year, as a core tenet of the TBM, our businesses target cost savings from Kaizen and continuous improvement initiatives in an effort to reduce input and conversion costs and/or increase throughput and yield rates with a goal of at least covering inflationary and market cost increases. In addition, we continuously review our cost structures to ensure alignment with current market demand.

We continue to evaluate alternatives to redeploy the cash generated by our businesses, one of which includes returning capital to our shareholders. In February 2019, we announced our Board of Directors had authorized the Company to increase the purchase of its common stock up to $75 million in the aggregate. The previous authorization, approved in November 2015, authorized up to $50 million in share repurchases. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we purchased 196,128 and 723,528 shares of our outstanding common stock for approximately $5.7 million and $21.1 million, respectively. The total 2019 share repurchases represent nearly 1.6% of our outstanding common shares as of December 31, 2018. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we purchased 23,191 and 124,138 shares of our outstanding common stock for approximately $0.7 million and $3.6 million, respectively.

In November 2019, we announced the Board of Directors increased the Company's common stock share repurchase authorization to $150 million in the aggregate. The increased authorization includes the value of shares already purchased under the previous authorization. We will continue to evaluate opportunities to return capital to shareholders through the purchase of our common stock, depending on market conditions and other factors.

Segment Information and Supplemental Analysis

The following table summarizes financial information for our reportable segments for the three months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018 (dollars in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,										Three months ended September 30,
	2017			As a Percentage of Net Sales		2016			As a Percentage of Net Sales		2019			As a Percentage of Net Sales		2018			As a Percentage of Net Sales
Net Sales
Packaging	$	89,560		42.8	%	$	90,330		44.7	%	$	105,480		44.5	%	$	95,250		42.6	%
Aerospace	48,550			23.2	%	47,430			23.4	%	43,140			18.3	%	40,890			18.3	%
Energy	40,440			19.3	%	38,230			18.9	%
Engineered Components	30,780			14.7	%	26,300			13.0	%
Specialty Products											88,210			37.2	%	87,640			39.2	%
Total	$	209,330		100.0	%	$	202,290		100.0	%	$	236,830		100.0	%	$	223,780		100.0	%
Gross Profit
Packaging	$	31,870		35.6	%	$	32,180		35.6	%	$	29,580		28.0	%	$	30,690		32.2	%
Aerospace	13,450			27.7	%	13,080			27.6	%	13,540			31.4	%	12,680			31.0	%
Energy	8,370			20.7	%	7,670			20.1	%
Engineered Components	5,140			16.7	%	5,120			19.5	%
Specialty Products											18,120			20.5	%	18,350			20.9	%
Total	$	58,830		28.1	%	$	58,050		28.7	%	$	61,240		25.9	%	$	61,720		27.6	%
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Packaging	$	8,780		9.8	%	$	12,090		13.4	%	$	9,840		9.3	%	$	8,630		9.1	%
Aerospace	5,690			11.7	%	6,420			13.5	%	5,310			12.3	%	5,000			12.2	%
Energy	7,130			17.6	%	9,540			25.0	%
Engineered Components	1,830			5.9	%	1,940			7.4	%
Corporate expenses	7,280			N/A		10,270			N/A
Specialty Products											9,720			11.0	%	10,020			11.4	%
Corporate											7,680			N/A		8,190			N/A
Total	$	30,710		14.7	%	$	40,260		19.9	%	$	32,550		13.7	%	$	31,840		14.2	%
Operating Profit (Loss)
Packaging	$	23,090		25.8	%	$	20,090		22.2	%	$	19,740		18.7	%	$	22,060		23.2	%
Aerospace	7,760			16.0	%	6,660			14.0	%	8,230			19.1	%	7,680			18.8	%
Energy	1,240			3.1	%	(1,870		)	(4.9	)%
Engineered Components	3,310			10.8	%	3,180			12.1	%
Corporate expenses	(7,280		)	N/A		(10,270		)	N/A
Specialty Products											8,400			9.5	%	8,330			9.5	%
Corporate											(7,680		)	N/A		(8,190		)	N/A
Total	$	28,120		13.4	%	$	17,790		8.8	%	$	28,690		12.1	%	$	29,880		13.4	%
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation
Packaging	$	5,480		6.1	%	$	5,240		5.8	%	$	3,980		3.8	%	$	2,950		3.1	%
Aerospace	3,610			7.4	%	3,560			7.5	%	1,370			3.2	%	1,410			3.4	%
Energy	820			2.0	%	1,000			2.6	%
Engineered Components	840			2.7	%	1,020			3.9	%
Corporate expenses	20			N/A		50			N/A
Specialty Products											1,460			1.7	%	1,340			1.5	%
Corporate											70			N/A		60			N/A
Total	$	10,770		5.1	%	$	10,870		5.4	%	$	6,880		2.9	%	$	5,760		2.6	%
Amortization
Packaging											$	2,390		2.3	%	$	2,270		2.4	%
Aerospace											2,010			4.7	%	2,040			5.0	%
Specialty Products											550			0.6	%	550			0.6	%
Corporate											—			N/A		—			N/A
Total											$	4,950		2.1	%	$	4,860		2.2	%

The following table summarizes financial information for our reportable segments for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018 (dollars in thousands):

Nine months ended September 30,
2017 As a Percentage
of Net Sales 2016 As a Percentage
of Net Sales
Net Sales
Packaging $ 259,260
41.6 % $ 258,550
42.5 %
Aerospace 141,550
22.7 % 132,020
21.7 %
Energy 124,860
20.1 % 122,930
20.2 %
Engineered Components 96,860
15.6 % 94,990
15.6 %
Total $ 622,530
100.0 % $ 608,490
100.0 %
Gross Profit
Packaging $ 89,760
34.6 % $ 92,300
35.7 %
Aerospace 36,540
25.8 % 32,730
24.8 %
Energy 24,880
19.9 % 26,470
21.5 %
Engineered Components 18,820
19.4 % 19,550
20.6 %
Total $ 170,000
27.3 % $ 171,050
28.1 %
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Packaging $ 28,280
10.9 % $ 32,960
12.7 %
Aerospace 16,850
11.9 % 19,060
14.4 %
Energy 27,430
22.0 % 35,040
28.5 %
Engineered Components 5,820
6.0 % 6,930
7.3 %
Corporate expenses 21,510
N/A
24,160
N/A
Total $ 99,890
16.0 % $ 118,150
19.4 %
Operating Profit (Loss)
Packaging $ 61,480
23.7 % $ 59,340
23.0 %
Aerospace 19,690
13.9 % 13,670
10.4 %
Energy (2,550 ) (2.0 )% (8,570 ) (7.0 )%
Engineered Components 13,000
13.4 % 12,620
13.3 %
Corporate expenses (21,510 ) N/A
(24,160 ) N/A
Total $ 70,110
11.3 % $ 52,900
8.7 %
Depreciation and Amortization
Packaging $ 16,350
6.3 % $ 15,850
6.1 %
Aerospace 10,840
7.7 % 10,520
8.0 %
Energy 3,770
3.0 % 3,350
2.7 %
Engineered Components 2,700
2.8 % 3,100
3.3 %
Corporate expenses 150
N/A
220
N/A
Total $ 33,810
5.4 % $ 33,040
5.4 %



	Nine months ended September 30,
	2019			As a Percentage of Net Sales		2018			As a Percentage of Net Sales
Net Sales
Packaging	$	298,310		42.8	%	$	278,540		41.8	%
Aerospace	123,710			17.7	%	117,780			17.7	%
Specialty Products	275,470			39.5	%	269,470			40.5	%
Total	$	697,490		100.0	%	$	665,790		100.0	%
Gross Profit
Packaging	$	90,290		30.3	%	$	91,550		32.9	%
Aerospace	36,680			29.6	%	34,160			29.0	%
Specialty Products	59,440			21.6	%	61,170			22.7	%
Total	$	186,410		26.7	%	$	186,880		28.1	%
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Packaging	$	30,270		10.1	%	$	27,100		9.7	%
Aerospace	15,700			12.7	%	15,440			13.1	%
Specialty Products	30,010			10.9	%	32,600			12.1	%
Corporate	24,780			N/A		15,130			N/A
Total	$	100,760		14.4	%	$	90,270		13.6	%
Operating Profit (Loss)
Packaging	$	60,020		20.1	%	$	64,450		23.1	%
Aerospace	20,980			17.0	%	18,720			15.9	%
Specialty Products	29,430			10.7	%	28,570			10.6	%
Corporate	(24,780		)	N/A		(15,130		)	N/A
Total	$	85,650		12.3	%	$	96,610		14.5	%
Depreciation
Packaging	$	11,040		3.7	%	$	9,510		3.4	%
Aerospace	4,320			3.5	%	4,360			3.7	%
Specialty Products	4,380			1.6	%	4,560			1.7	%
Corporate	210			N/A		200			N/A
Total	$	19,950		2.9	%	$	18,630		2.8	%
Amortization
Packaging	$	7,240		2.4	%	$	6,840		2.5	%
Aerospace	6,020			4.9	%	6,100			5.2	%
Specialty Products	1,660			0.6	%	1,660			0.6	%
Corporate	—			N/A		—			N/A
Total	$	14,920		2.1	%	$	14,600		2.2	%

Results of Operations

The ~~principal~~principle factors impacting us during the three months ended September 30, ~~2017~~,2019, compared with the three months ended September 30, ~~2016~~,2018, were:

the impact of ~~improved throughput~~the Plastic Srl and ~~productivity~~Taplast acquisitions in ~~our Aerospace reportable segment, enabling this segment to achieve higher sales levels in the three months ended September 30, 2017;~~

~~the continued benefits of the realigned footprint~~2019 within our ~~Energy reportable segment, with lower ongoing operating costs following several facility consolidations and closures;~~

~~the impact of Hurricane Harvey, primarily within our Energy~~Packaging reportable segment;

the sales and operating profit margin mix impact of ~~continued low oil prices, primarily impacting~~ sales ~~and profit levels~~changes in our ~~Engineered Components~~various end markets served;

higher freight and logistics costs, primarily in our Packaging reportable segment; and

~~the impact of fees and expenses related to our issuance of Senior Notes and other refinancing activities.~~a higher effective tax rate in third quarter 2019 compared with third quarter 2018.

Three Months Ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 Compared with Three Months Ended September 30, ~~2016~~2018

Overall, net sales increased approximately ~~$7.0~~$13.1 million, or ~~3.5%~~5.8%, to ~~$209.3~~$236.8 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, as compared with ~~$202.3~~$223.8 million in the three months ended September 30, ~~2016. Our Energy~~2018. The acquisitions of Taplast, in April 2019, and ~~Engineered Components~~Plastic Srl, in January 2019, contributed approximately $11.5 million of sales in our Packaging reportable ~~segments had a combined~~segment. Organic sales, ~~increase of approximately $6.4 million,~~ excluding the ~~effects~~impact of ~~foreign~~ currency exchange, primarily as a result of increased market share gains following our improvements in on-time delivery in the Energy segment, as well as some market stabilization despite continued low oil prices. Sales within our Aerospace reportable segment increased approximately ~~$1.2 million, primarily due to increases in sales to distribution customers. In addition,~~$3.0 million. Of this amount, sales increased by approximately ~~$0.5~~$4.0 million ~~of net favorable currency exchange, as our reported results in U.S. dollars were positively impacted as a result of the weaker U.S. dollar relative~~related to foreign currencies. These increases were partially offset by a sales decrease of approximately $1.1 million, excluding the effects of foreign currency exchange, within our Packaging reportable segment, primarily due to lower sales of health, beauty and home care products in ~~North America.~~

Gross profit margin (gross profit as a percentage of sales) approximated 28.1% and 28.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Gross profit margin decreased primarily due a less favorable segment sales mix, as our ~~lowest margin~~Packaging reportable segment, ~~Engineered Components, increased as a percentage of total sales,~~by $3.6 million related to oil and ~~also experienced higher steel costs~~gas related products in our Specialty Products reportable segment, and ~~a less favorable~~by $2.3 million related to fastener product sales mix within the segment. This decline was partially offset by increased gross profit margin within our Energy reportable segment as a result of savings achieved from ongoing footprint realignment initiatives and improvements in manufacturing efficiencies within our Houston, Texas manufacturing facility, which more than offset the impact of hurricane Harvey.

Operating profit margin (operating profit as a percentage of sales) approximated 13.4% and 8.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Operating profit increased approximately $10.3 million, or 58.1%, to $28.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, from $17.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. Operating profit and margin increased due to higher sales levels in three of our four reportable segments, due to improved production scheduling and manufacturing efficiencies in our Aerospace reportable segment, footprint realignment activities within our Energy reportable segment and lower overall selling, general and administrative expenses compared to 2016, primarily related to costs associated with the change in our President and Chief Executive Officer in 2016.

Interest expense decreased approximately $0.1 million, to $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $3.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. Our weighted average borrowings decreased to approximately $364.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, from approximately $446.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016. The effective weighted average interest rate on our outstanding variable rate borrowings, including our Credit Agreement and accounts receivable facilities, increased to approximately 2.6% for three months ended September 30, 2017, from approximately 2.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2016.

We incurred debt financing and related expenses of approximately $6.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 related to costs associated with the issuance of our Senior Notes, repayment of all outstanding obligations of the Term Loan A Facility, termination of the interest rate swaps and the amendment of our Credit Agreement.

~~Other expense, net was approximately $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, primarily due to losses on transactions denominated in foreign currencies.~~

The effective income tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were 26.6% and 37.8%, respectively. The decrease in the rate was primarily a result of losses at certain foreign subsidiaries in third quarter 2016 where no tax benefit could be recorded that did not repeat in the third quarter of 2017, and the year-over-year impact of recognizing certain tax benefits due to a lapse of a statutory limitation.

Net income increased by approximately $4.3 million, to $13.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $8.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. The increase was primarily the result of a $10.3 million increase in operating profit, a $0.5 million decrease in income tax expense and a $0.1 million decrease in interest, partially offset by a $6.6 million increase in debt financing and related expenses.

~~See below for a discussion of operating results by~~ segment.

~~Packaging.~~ ~~Net sales~~ ~~decreased~~ ~~approximately~~ ~~$0.8 million, or~~ ~~0.9%, to~~ ~~$89.6 million~~ ~~in the~~ ~~three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to~~ ~~$90.3 million~~ in the three months ended September 30, 2016. Sales of our health, beauty and home care products decreased approximately $2.1 million, as higher sales in Asia were more than offset by lower demand in North America and Europe. Additionally, sales of our industrial closures decreased approximately $0.5 million due to soft demand. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in sales of our food and beverage products in North America of approximately $1.5 million, as well as by approximately $0.3 million of favorable currency exchange, as our reported results in U.S. dollars were favorably impacted as a result of the weakening of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies.

Packaging's gross profit decreased approximately $0.3 million to $31.9 million, or 35.6% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $32.2 million, or 35.6% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily as a result of the lower sales levels.

Packaging's selling, general and administrative expenses decreased approximately $3.3 million to $8.8 million, or 9.8% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $12.1 million, or 13.4% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2016. The decrease is primarily due to approximately $1.2 million of lower third party professional fees and approximately $1.1 million of severance and other costs related to the closure of our former Mexico facility during the three months ended September 30, 2016 that did not repeat in the three months ended September 30, 2017. The remaining $1.0 million decrease was primarily due to lower employee and administrative related costs.

Packaging's operating profit increased approximately $3.0 million to $23.1 million, or 25.8% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $20.1 million, or 22.2% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2016. Although sales decreased, operating profit and the related margin improved primarily as a result of the decrease in Packaging's selling, general, and administrative expenses.

~~Aerospace.~~ ~~Net sales for the~~ ~~three months ended September 30, 2017increased~~ ~~approximately $1.2 million, or~~ ~~2.4%, to~~ ~~$48.6 million, as compared to~~ ~~$47.4 million~~ ~~in the~~ ~~three months ended September 30, 2016~~. As we have moved thorough 2017, we continue to improve production scheduling and manufacturing efficiencies, which enabled us to increase daily production rates and ship higher levels of net sales in 2017 as compared to 2016. Sales to our distribution customers increased approximately $2.3 million, while sales to OE customers decreased approximately $1.1 million.

Gross profit within Aerospace increased approximately $0.4 million to $13.5 million, or 27.7% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2017, from $13.1 million, or 27.6% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily as a result of higher sales levels and related improved fixed cost absorption.

~~Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased approximately $0.7 million to $5.7 million, or 11.7% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to~~ ~~$6.4 million, or~~ ~~13.5%~~ of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to approximately $0.3 million of lower estimated uncollectable accounts receivable expenses as a result of collection of previously reserved customer balances, as well as decreased spending in certain administrative support costs.

Operating profit within Aerospace increased approximately $1.1 million to $7.8 million, or 16.0% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $6.7 million, or 14.0% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2016. Operating profit improved primarily as a result of higher sales levels and continued improvement in production scheduling and manufacturing efficiencies, as well as lower selling, general and administrative expenses.

~~Energy.~~ ~~Net sales for the three months ended~~ ~~September 30, 2017increased~~ ~~approximately~~ ~~$2.2 million, or~~ ~~5.8%, to~~ ~~$40.4 million, as compared to~~ ~~$38.2 million~~ ~~in the three months ended~~ ~~September 30, 2016~~. Sales increased by approximately $3.2 million in North America, primarily due to increased customer demand resulting from improved on time delivery, as well as increasing production rates in September 2017 to meet customers' immediate needs following Hurricane Harvey. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in net sales of approximately $0.8 million in Europe, primarily due to exiting our facility in Wolverhampton, United Kingdom.

Gross profit within Energy increased approximately $0.7 million to $8.4 million, or 20.7% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $7.7 million, or 20.1% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2016. Gross profit increased approximately $1.1 million due to lower costs in the third quarter of 2017 following the closure of our facilities in Reynosa, Mexico and Wolverhampton, United Kingdom, and by approximately $0.4 million related to higher sales levels. These increases were partially offset by ~~higher labor costs,~~organic sales decreases of approximately $3.1 million related to lower ~~fixed cost absorption~~sales of food and ~~a less favorable~~beverage products, by $2.2 million related to industrial cylinder products, by $0.8 million related to machined product sales ~~mix in the United States following the August 2017 hurricane.~~

~~Selling, general~~ and administrative expenses within Energy decreased approximately $2.4 million to $7.1 million, or 17.6% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $9.5 million, or 25.0% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2016. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses is due to this segment's reduced cost structure and footprint, with approximately $1.3$0.7 million of industrial closure products. In general, we believe the ~~reduction due~~North American industrial markets are most impacted by uncertainties related to ~~eliminating costs specific to facilities that have been closed in~~ the ~~last twelve months,~~direct and ~~the remaining $1.1~~indirect impact of current and proposed tariffs and other restrictions on trade. In addition, sales were lower by approximately $1.4 million due to ~~lower ongoing spending levels in the remaining locations.~~

Operating profit within Energy increased approximately $3.1 million to approximately $1.2 million of profit, or 3.1% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to a loss of $1.9 million, or 4.9% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2016, as a result of lower selling, general and administrative expenses related to prior footprint realignment activities and higher sales levels, which were partially offset by higher costs and a less favorable product sales mix impacted by the August 2017 hurricane.

~~Engineered Components.~~ ~~Net sales for the~~ ~~three months ended September 30, 2017increased~~ ~~approximately $4.5 million, or~~ ~~17.0%, to~~ ~~$30.8 million, as compared to~~ ~~$26.3 million~~ ~~in the~~ ~~three months ended September 30, 2016~~. Sales of our industrial cylinders increased by approximately $3.0 million, primarily due to higher sales of acetylene cylinders used in industrial applications. Sales of our engines and compression-related products increased by approximately $1.5 million, as we experienced improved demand levels compared with prior year consistent with drilling activity in the United States and Canada and continued stabilization of oil prices.

~~Gross profit within Engineered Components remained flat at $5.1 million, or 16.7% of sales, in the~~ ~~three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to 19.5% of sales in the~~ ~~three months ended September 30, 2016~~. Gross profit and related margin on our engines and compression-related products increased primarily as a result of higher sales levels and fixed cost leverage, while gross profit and related margin on sales of our industrial cylinders decreased primarily due to higher steel costs and a less favorable product mix, with a greater percentage of sales of lower-margin small high pressure and acetylene cylinder products.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased approximately $0.1 million to $1.8 million, or 5.9% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $1.9 million, or 7.4% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2016, as we have continued to align our ongoing operating costs consistent with current demand levels.

~~Operating profit within Engineered Components increased approximately $0.1 million to $3.3 million, or 10.8% of sales, in the~~ ~~three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $3.2 million, or~~ ~~12.1%~~ ~~of sales in the~~ ~~three months ended September 30, 2016~~. Operating profit increased due to higher sales levels and continued cost reduction actions to align our cost structure with demand levels, while operating profit margin decreased as a result of higher steel costs and a less favorable product mix on sales of our industrial cylinders.

~~Corporate Expenses.~~ ~~Corporate expenses consist of the following (dollars in millions):~~

Three months ended September 30,
2017 2016
Corporate operating expenses $ 2.7
$ 6.0
Employee costs and related benefits 4.6
4.3
Corporate expenses $ 7.3
$ 10.3

~~Corporate expenses~~ ~~decreased~~ ~~approximately $3.0 million to~~ ~~$7.3 million~~ ~~for the~~ ~~three months ended September 30, 2017, from~~ ~~$10.3 million~~ ~~for the~~ ~~three months ended September 30, 2016~~. Corporate operating expenses decreased approximately $3.3 million, primarily due to approximately $3.5 million of costs related to the July 2016 change in our President and Chief Executive Officer. Employee costs and related benefits increased by approximately $0.3 million, primarily due to an increase in expense related to the timing and estimated attainment of our incentive compensation plans.

~~Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017~~ ~~Compared with~~ ~~Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016~~

~~Overall,~~ net sales increased approximately $14.0 million, or 2.3%, to $622.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared with $608.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Sales within our Aerospace reportable segment increased approximately $9.5 million, with increases in sales to distribution and OE customers, as a result of improved manufacturing throughput. Our Energy and Engineered Components reportable segments had a combined sales increase of approximately $3.8 million, primarily as a result of increased market share gains following our improvements in on-time delivery in the Energy segment, as well as some market stabilization despite continued low oil prices. In addition, excluding the effects of foreign currency exchange, sales within our Packaging reportable segment increased by approximately $3.7 million primarily due to increased demand for our industrial closures in North America and Europe and for our health, beauty and home care products in Europe and Asia. These increases were partially offset by approximately $3.0 million of net unfavorable currency exchange, primarily in our Packaging reportable segment, as our reported results in U.S. dollars were negatively impacted as a result of the stronger U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies.

Gross profit margin (gross profit as a percentage of sales) approximated 27.3% and 28.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Gross profit margin decreased primarily due to costs associated with the consolidation of manufacturing facilities in India and to finalize the move to a new Mexico facility, both within our Packaging reportable segment, as well as costs associated with the closure of the Reynosa, Mexico facility within our Energy reportable segment. In addition, gross profit decreased compared to the prior year period by approximately $1.6 million as a result of unfavorable currency exchange, as our reported results in U.S. dollars were negatively impacted as a result of the stronger U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies. ~~These decreases~~

Gross profit margin (gross profit as a percentage of sales) approximated 25.9% and 27.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. While gross profit dollars were ~~partially~~relatively flat, gross profit margin decreased, as the margin impact of higher sales levels was more than offset by ~~improved manufacturing efficiency~~a less favorable product sales mix, resulting from higher levels of growth in our lower gross margin reportable segments, as well as due to the recent acquisitions yielding lower gross profit margins. Gross profit margin further declined as a result of approximately $2.0 million of higher freight and ~~reduced manufacturing spend, primarily within our Aerospace reportable segment.~~logistics costs, and by approximately $0.5 million as a result of unfavorable currency exchange.

Operating profit margin (operating profit as a percentage of sales) approximated ~~11.3%~~12.1% and ~~8.7%~~13.4% for the ~~nine~~three months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, respectively. Operating profit ~~increased~~decreased approximately ~~$17.2~~$1.2 million, or ~~32.5%~~4.0%, to ~~$70.1~~$28.7 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended September 30, ~~2017, compared to $52.9~~2019, from $29.9 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended September 30, ~~2016.~~2018. Operating profit and related margin ~~increased~~declined, as the impact of higher sales levels was more than offset by a less favorable product sales mix, higher freight and logistics costs, and as a result of ~~higher sales levels~~unfavorable currency exchange.

Interest expense remained flat at approximately $3.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and ~~productivity initiatives to improve scheduling and throughput, particularly~~2018, as there was no significant change in our ~~Aerospace reportable segment,~~debt structure, and the ~~impact~~majority of ~~our completed 2016 footprint realignment activities within our Energy reportable segment. These factors were partially offset by~~ the ~~costs incurred in the first nine months of 2017 associated with footprint consolidation and relocation projects within our Packaging and Energy reportable segments.~~borrowings are at a fixed rate.

~~Interest expense~~Other income (expense), net increased approximately $0.2 million, to ~~$10.4~~$0.6 million of other income, net for the ~~nine~~three months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, as compared to ~~$10.2~~$0.4 million of other income, net for the ~~nine~~three months ended September 30, ~~2016. The increase in interest expense was~~2018, primarily due to an increase in our interest rates, which more than offset lower average borrowings. Our weighted average borrowings decreased to approximately $390.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, from approximately $461.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The effective weighted average interest rate on our outstanding variable rate borrowings, including our Credit Agreement and accounts receivable facilities, increased to approximately 2.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, from approximately 2.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

We incurred debt financing and related expenses of approximately $6.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 related to costs associated with the issuance of our Senior Notes, repayment of all outstanding obligations of the Term Loan A Facility, termination of the interest rate swaps and the amendment of our Credit Agreement.

Other expense, net increased approximately $0.7 million, to $0.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, from $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to an increase in lossesgains on transactions denominated in foreign currencies.

The effective income tax ~~rates~~rate for the ~~nine~~three months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016 were 33.2%~~2018 was 25.9% and ~~35.2%~~15.4%, respectively. The ~~decrease~~increase in the rate was primarily a result of ~~losses at certain foreign subsidiaries in 2016 where no~~us recognizing a net tax benefit ~~could be recorded, the year-over-year impact~~ of ~~recognizing certain tax benefits due to a lapse of a statutory limitation, and a change~~approximately $2.7 million in the Company's indefinite reinvestment assertion in undistributed foreign earnings in two of its foreign subsidiaries. These increases were partially offset by a discrete tax benefit related to stock compensation recognized in the ninethree months ended September 30, ~~2017.~~

~~Net income increased by approximately $7.4~~2018 related to provision to return adjustments for our U.S. Federal tax return, which included an approximate $1.1 million benefit due to ~~$35.0 million for~~additional regulations that were issued during the ~~nine~~three months ended September 30, ~~2017, compared~~2018 in connection with the Tax Reform Act.

Net income decreased approximately $3.6 million, to ~~$27.6~~$19.1 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended September 30, ~~2016~~.2019, as compared to $22.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The ~~increase~~decrease in net income was ~~primarily~~ the result of a ~~$17.2 million increase~~decrease in operating profit ~~partially offset by~~of approximately $1.2 million and an ~~increase in debt financing and related expenses of $6.6 million, a $2.4 million~~ increase in income tax expense ~~a $0.7 million increase in other expense, net and a $0.2 million increase in interest expense.~~of approximately $2.5 million.

See below for a discussion of operating results by segment.

Packaging.Net sales increased approximately ~~$0.7~~$10.2 million, or ~~0.3%~~10.7%, to ~~$259.3~~$105.5 million in the ~~nine~~three months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, as compared to ~~$258.6~~$95.3 million in the ~~nine~~three months ended September 30, ~~2016.~~2018. The acquisitions of Taplast, in April 2019, and Plastic Srl, in January 2019, contributed approximately $11.5 million of sales. Sales of our food and beverage products increased approximately $2.3 million due to increased demand in North America. Sales of our industrial closures increased approximately $1.0 million due to higher demand in Europe. Additionally, sales of our health, beauty and home care products increased approximately ~~$0.4~~$4.0 million, primarily due to higher demand in ~~Asia~~North America and ~~Europe, which offset lower demand in North America.~~Europe. These increases were partially offset by decreases in sales of our food and beverage products of approximately ~~$3.0~~$3.1 million and of our industrial products by approximately $0.7 million, primarily due to lower overall end market demand in North America. Additionally, net sales were lower by approximately $1.4 million due to unfavorable currency exchange, as our reported results in U.S. dollars were negatively impacted as a result of the stronger U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies.

Packaging's gross profit decreased approximately ~~$2.5~~$1.1 million to ~~$89.8~~$29.6 million, or ~~34.6%~~28.0% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $30.7 million, or 32.2% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2018. Although net sales increased, gross profit declined by approximately $1.7 million due to higher freight and logistics costs and by approximately $0.5 million due to unfavorable currency exchange, as our reported results in U.S. dollars were negatively impacted as a result of the stronger U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies. Gross profit margin further declined due to a less favorable product sales mix, as our acquired companies have lower margins than the Packaging base business. In addition, our health, beauty and home care end market products comprised a larger percentage of net sales in third quarter 2019, and yield a lower gross profit margin than the remainder of this segment.

Packaging's selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $1.2 million to $9.8 million, or 9.3% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $8.6 million, or 9.1% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to higher ongoing selling, general and administrative costs associated with our 2019 acquisitions.

Packaging's operating profit decreased approximately $2.4 million to $19.7 million, or 18.7% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $22.1 million, or 23.2% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2018, as the impact of increased freight and logistics costs, a less favorable product sales mix and unfavorable foreign currency exchange more than offset the impact of higher sales levels.

Aerospace. Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2019increased approximately $2.2 million, or 5.5%, to $43.1 million, as compared to $40.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018, due to steady demand levels for fastener products combined with improved production throughput at our Commerce, California and Ottawa, Kansas manufacturing facilities.

Gross profit within Aerospace increased approximately $0.8 million to $13.5 million, or 31.4% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2019, from $12.7 million, or 31.0% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to the higher sales levels as well as the impact of incremental costs and temporary inefficiencies related to finalizing the collective bargaining agreement in our Commerce, California facility during the three months ended September 30, 2018 that did not repeat in the three months ended September 30, 2019.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $0.3 million to approximately $5.3 million, or 12.3% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $5.0 million, or 12.2% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to higher employee-related costs to support our sales growth initiatives.

Operating profit within Aerospace increased approximately $0.5 million to $8.2 million, or 19.1% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $7.7 million, or 18.8% of sales in the three months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to higher sales levels and the impact of incremental costs and inefficiencies related to finalizing the collective bargaining agreement in our Commerce, California facility during the three months ended September 30, 2018 that did not repeat in the three months ended September 30, 2019.

Specialty Products. Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2019 increased approximately $0.6 million, or 0.7%, to $88.2 million, as compared to $87.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018. Sales of our oil and gas related products increased by approximately $3.6 million, primarily as a result of increased petrochemical and refining-customer demand in North America, which more than offset lower sales of engines, compressors and related parts used in upstream applications due to lower oil and gas drilling investment activity in the U.S. and Canada. This increase was partially offset by approximately $2.2 million lower sales of our industrial cylinder products due to decreased demand for both high pressure and acetylene steel cylinders as a result of customer consolidation and asset cylinder inventory level rebalancing, and approximately $0.8 million lower sales of machined components products.

Gross profit within Specialty Products decreased approximately $0.3 million to $18.1 million, or 20.5% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $18.4 million, or 20.9% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2018. Gross profit from the increased sales of our oil and gas related products was more than offset by the impact of lower sales of our industrial and machined components products as well as higher freight and product conversion costs.

Selling, general and administrative expenses within Specialty Products decreased approximately $0.3 million to $9.7 million, or 11.0% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $10.0 million, or 11.4% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to lower personnel costs in third quarter 2019 as compared to third quarter 2018.

Operating profit within Specialty Products increased approximately $0.1 million to $8.4 million, or 9.5% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $8.3 million, or 9.5% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2018. Operating profit and related margin was essentially flat, as the impact of higher sales levels in our oil and gas related products and decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses were offset by the impact of decreased sales of our industrial cylinder and machined component products, as well as higher freight and conversion costs in third quarter 2019.

Corporate. Corporate expenses consist of the following (dollars in millions):



	Three months ended September 30,
	2019		2018
Corporate operating expenses	$	5.8	$	5.7
Non-cash stock compensation	1.1		1.8
Legacy expenses	0.8		0.7
Corporate expenses	$	7.7	$	8.2

Corporate expenses decreased approximately $0.5 million to $7.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, from $8.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to a decrease in expense related to the timing and estimated attainment of our long-term equity incentive plans in 2019 compared with 2018.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018

Overall, net sales increased approximately $31.7 million, or 4.8%, to $697.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared with $665.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017, as compared to $92.3~~2018. The acquisitions of Taplast, in April 2019, and Plastic Srl, in January 2019, contributed approximately $23.9 million ~~or 35.7%~~ of sales in our Packaging reportable segment. Organic sales, excluding the ~~nine months ended September 30, 2016. Although~~impact of currency exchange, increased by approximately $13.4 million. The primary drivers of this increase were approximately $13.1 million higher sales ~~levels increased, gross profit decreased due to~~of our Packaging reportable segment's health, beauty and home care products, $8.1 million higher sales in our oil and gas related products within our Specialty Products reportable segment, and $5.9 million higher sales within our Aerospace reportable segment. These increases were partially offset by approximately ~~$1.4~~$9.4 million lower sales of ~~costs to consolidate manufacturing facilities in India~~our food and ~~to finalize the move to a new facility in Mexico in the first quarter~~beverage products and $2.6 million lower sales of ~~2017. In addition, gross profit declined~~our industrial products within our Packaging reportable segment, and $1.7 million lower sales of industrial products and our machined components products within our Specialty Products reportable segment. Additionally, net sales were lower by approximately ~~$1.7~~$5.6 million due to unfavorable currency exchange, as our reported results in U.S. dollars were negatively impacted as a result of the stronger U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies.

Gross profit margin (gross profit as a percentage of sales) approximated 26.7% and 28.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Gross profit margin decreased, as the impact of higher sales levels was more than offset by a less favorable product sales mix, resulting from higher levels of growth in our lower gross margin reportable segments, as well as due to the recent acquisitions yielding lower gross profit margins. Gross profit margin further declined due to a $1.1 million reduction in expense in the first nine months of 2018 related to a change in our estimate of future unrecoverable lease obligations for our former Reynosa, Mexico facility that did not repeat in the first nine months of 2019, higher freight and conversion costs in 2019, and as a result of unfavorable currency exchange.

Operating profit margin (operating profit as a percentage of sales) approximated 12.3% and 14.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Operating profit decreased approximately $11.0 million, or 11.3%, to $85.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to $96.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The primary driver of this year-over-year decrease in operating profit and related margin was an approximately $8.2 million non-cash reduction of our recorded liability to Metaldyne in the first quarter of 2018 following the U.S. Bankruptcy Court's final decree to close all remaining cases and terminate the Metaldyne bankruptcy distribution trust that did not repeat in 2019. Operating profit and related margin further declined as the impact of higher sales levels was more than offset by a less favorable product sales mix, increases in purchase accounting expenses and professional fees supporting corporate development activities, higher freight and conversion costs, and as a result of unfavorable currency exchange.

Interest expense decreased approximately $0.2 million, to $10.5 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $10.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, as a result of a decrease in our variable interest rates and weighted average levels, both related to intra-period revolving credit borrowings.

Other income (expense), net decreased approximately $3.6 million, to $1.3 million of other income, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, from $2.3 million of other expense, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to a one-time charge of $2.5 million related to the settlement of defined benefit obligations in second quarter 2018 that did not repeat in the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and an increase in gains on transactions denominated in foreign currencies.

The effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was 21.3% and 20.4%, respectively. We recognized a net tax benefit of approximately $2.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 related to provision to return adjustments for our U.S. Federal tax return, which included an approximate $1.1 million benefit due to additional regulations that were issued during the third quarter of 2018 in connection with the Tax Reform Act. In the nine months ended September 30, 2019, our effective income tax rate reflected certain favorable discrete items that occurred during the first quarter of 2019, including the reversal of uncertain tax benefits for which the statute of limitations expired, excess tax benefits related to share based compensation that vested in first quarter 2019, and a reduction in deferred tax liabilities resulting from the implementation of state tax planning initiatives.

Net income decreased by approximately $6.4 million, to $60.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to $66.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily the result of a decrease in operating profit of approximately $11.0 million, partially offset by a decrease in other income (expense), net of approximately $3.6 million, a decrease in income tax expense of approximately $0.8 million, and a decrease in interest expense of approximately $0.2 million.

See below for a discussion of operating results by segment.

Packaging. Net sales increased approximately $19.8 million, or 7.1%, to $298.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $278.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The Taplast and Plastic Srl acquisitions contributed approximately $23.9 million in the first nine months of 2019. Sales of our health, beauty and home care products increased approximately $13.1 million, primarily due to higher demand in North America and Europe as well as continued sales growth in Asia. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in sales of our food and beverage products by approximately $9.4 million, primarily due to lower sales of pumps as well as softer overall end market demand in North America. Sales of our industrial products declined by approximately $2.6 million due to lower end market demand in North America. Additionally, net sales were lower by approximately $5.2 million due to unfavorable currency exchange, as our reported results in U.S. dollars were negatively impacted as a result of the stronger U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies.

Packaging's gross profit decreased approximately $1.3 million to $90.3 million, or 30.3% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $91.6 million, or 32.9% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Gross profit decreased by approximately $2.2 million related to higher freight costs and by approximately $1.9 million due to unfavorable currency exchange, as our reported results in U.S. dollars were negatively impacted as a result of the stronger U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies. Gross profit margin declined due to a less favorable product sales mix, as the acquired businesses have lower margins than the Packaging base business, impacting gross margin by nearly 100 basis points. In addition, our health, beauty and home care end market products comprised a larger percentage of net sales in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the first nine months of 2018, and yield a lower gross profit margin than sales to our other end markets.

Packaging's selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $3.2 million to $30.3 million, or 10.1% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $27.1 million, or 9.7% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to higher ongoing selling, general and administrative costs associated with the acquisitions completed in 2019 as well as non-cash purchase accounting-related expenses of approximately $0.8 million related to the write-off of the trade name acquired in the Plastic Srl acquisition that will not be used.

Packaging's operating profit decreased approximately ~~$4.7~~$4.5 million to ~~$28.3~~$60.0 million, or 20.1% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $64.5 million, or 23.1% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, as the impact of a less favorable product sales mix, increased freight costs, higher selling, general and administrative expenses and unfavorable foreign currency exchange more than offset the impact of higher sales levels.

Aerospace. Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 increased approximately $5.9 million, or 5.0%, to $123.7 million, as compared to $117.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, due to steady demand levels for fastener products combined with improved production throughput in the second and third quarters of 2019 at our Commerce, California and Ottawa, Kansas manufacturing facilities.

Gross profit within Aerospace increased approximately $2.5 million to $36.7 million, or 29.6% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2019, from $34.2 million, or 29.0% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to the higher sales levels and improved production efficiencies. In addition, gross profit improved due to the impact of incremental costs and temporary inefficiencies related to finalizing the collective bargaining agreement in our Commerce, California facility during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 that did not repeat in the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $0.3 million to $15.7 million, or 12.7% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $15.4 million, or 13.1% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to approximately $0.4 million of professional fees incurred in the first quarter of 2019 to analyze our standard fastener product line and recommend opportunities to improve.

Operating profit within Aerospace increased approximately $2.3 million to $21.0 million, or 17.0% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $18.7 million, or 15.9% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to higher sales levels and improved production efficiencies.

Specialty Products. Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 increased approximately $6.0 million, or 2.2%, to $275.5 million, as compared to $269.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Sales of our oil and gas related products increased by approximately $8.1 million, primarily as a result of increased petrochemical and refining-customer demand in North America, which more than offset lower sales of engines, compressors and related parts used in upstream applications due to lower drilling investment activity in the U.S. and Canada. Sales of our industrial products decreased by approximately $0.9 million, primarily due to decreased demand for both high pressure and acetylene steel cylinders as a result of customer consolidation and inventory rebalancing, which more than offset increased demand for specialty steel cylinders. In addition, net sales decreased by approximately $0.8 million due to decreased demand of our machined components products and $0.4 million due to net unfavorable currency exchange, as our reported results in U.S. dollars were negatively impacted as a result of the stronger U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies.

Gross profit within Specialty Products decreased approximately $1.7 million to $59.4 million, or 21.6% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $61.2 million, or 22.7% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018. In second quarter 2018, we reduced our estimate of future unrecoverable lease obligations related to the closure of our former Reynosa, Mexico facility by $1.1 million. This reduction did not repeat in 2019. In addition, gross profit from the increased sales of our oil and gas related products was more than offset by the impact of lower sales of our industrial products and our machined components products as well as higher freight and conversion costs.

Selling, general and administrative expenses within Specialty Products decreased approximately $2.6 million to $30.0 million, or 10.9% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, as compared to ~~$33.0~~$32.6 million, or ~~12.7%~~12.1% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2016. The decrease was primarily due~~2018, as we have continued to ~~higher costs incurred in the first quarter of 2016 in connection with re-organizing our go-to-market strategy based on global product categories,~~lower spending levels related to upstream oil and gas products as well as ~~generally~~industrial cylinders consistent with current lower ~~go-forward spending levels resulting from this reorganization. Additionally,~~demand levels. In addition, we ~~recognized~~incurred approximately ~~$1.1~~$0.7 million of severance and ~~other~~restructuring costs ~~related to~~associated with the ~~closure~~exit of our ~~former Mexico facility and the establishment and move to the new manufacturing~~Bangalore, India facility in ~~Mexico during~~ the ~~three~~nine months ended September 30, ~~2016~~2018 that did not repeat in the ~~three~~nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease was partially offset by an approximate $1.1 million charge recorded in the second quarter of 2017 to reserve an outstanding accounts receivable amount for a European customer who filed for bankruptcy.2019.

~~Packaging's operating~~Operating profit within Specialty Products increased approximately ~~$2.1~~$0.9 million to ~~$61.5~~$29.4 million, or ~~23.7%~~10.7% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, as compared to ~~$59.3~~$28.6 million, or ~~23.0%~~10.6% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2016. Operating profit improved~~2018, primarily due to lower ~~ongoing~~ selling, general and administrative expenses associated with our re-organization efforts, which offset costs incurred in 2017 to consolidate facilities in India and finalize the move to a new manufacturing facility in Mexico, the charge recorded in the second quarter of 2017 to reserve an outstanding accounts receivable amount and approximately $1.1 million of unfavorable currency exchange.

~~Aerospace.~~ ~~Net sales for the~~ ~~nine~~ ~~months ended~~ ~~September 30, 2017increased~~ ~~approximately $9.5 million, or~~ ~~7.2%, to~~ ~~$141.6 million, as compared to~~ ~~$132.0 million~~ ~~in the~~ ~~nine~~ ~~months ended~~ ~~September 30, 2016~~. We continued to improve production scheduling and manufacturing efficiencies, which enabled us to increase daily production rates and ship higher levels of net sales in 2017 as compared to 2016. Sales to our distribution customers increased approximately $9.0 million, as order patterns from our customers continued to stabilize and increase in 2017 as compared to the lower and more volatile levels throughout 2016. Sales to our OE customers increased approximately $0.5 million.

~~Gross profit within Aerospace increased approximately $3.8 million to $36.5 million, or 25.8% of sales, in the~~ ~~nine~~ ~~months ended September 30, 2017, from $32.7 million, or 24.8% of sales,~~spending in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily as a result of higher sales levels. In addition, during the first nine months of 2016, we incurred additional costs and experienced lower fixed cost absorption associated with production scheduling and manufacturing inefficiencies, primarily in our Commerce, California facility. We have improved the efficiency levels during the first nine months of 2017 and reduced manufacturing spend levels despite higher demand level in this facility. These improvements were2019, which was partially offset by higher ~~costs due to manufacturing costs~~freight and ~~inefficiencies at our standard fastener facility in Ottawa, Kansas.~~

~~Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased approximately $2.2 million to $16.9 million, or 11.9% of sales, in the~~ ~~nine~~ ~~months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $19.1 million, or 14.4% of sales,~~conversion costs in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2016, primarily due to approximately $1.1 million of lower estimated uncollectable accounts receivable expenses as~~2019 and a ~~result of collection of previously reserved customer balances and approximately $1.1 million of reduced professional fees and certain administrative support costs.~~

~~Operating profit within Aerospace increased approximately $6.0 million to $19.7 million, or 13.9% of sales,~~reduction in ~~the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $13.7 million, or 10.4% of sales,~~a lease obligation in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Operating profit improved primarily as a result of higher sales levels, continued improvement in production scheduling and manufacturing efficiencies and lower selling, general and administrative expenses.

~~Energy.~~ ~~Net sales for the~~ ~~nine~~ months ended September 30, 2017 increased approximately $1.9 million, or 1.6%, to $124.9 million, as compared to $122.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Sales increased approximately $5.5 million in North America and by approximately $0.2 million in Asia primarily due to increased customer demand following improvements in our on-time delivery and increasing our share of turnaround activity. These increases were more than offset by a decrease in net sales of approximately $3.8 million in Europe, primarily due to exiting our facility in Wolverhampton, United Kingdom.

Gross profit within Energy decreased approximately $1.6 million to $24.9 million, or 19.9% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $26.5 million, or 21.5% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Gross profit decreased approximately $2.3 million as a result of higher costs related to the exit of our facility in Reynosa, Mexico in the first half of 2017. While sales increased in the United States, gross profit decreased primarily due to a less favorable product sales mix, as well as higher costs associated with inefficiencies following the August 2017 hurricane.

Selling, general and administrative expenses within Energy decreased approximately $7.6 million to $27.4 million, or 22.0% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $35.0 million, or 28.5% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by approximately $3.2 million as a result of elimination of costs related to closed facilities, by approximately $1.0 million as a result of an increase in reserves for past due accounts receivable in the first nine months of 20162018 that did not repeat in the first nine months of 2017, and by approximately $0.8 million as a result of lower third-party professional fees. The remaining $2.6 million decrease was primarily due to lower ongoing costs associated with the Company's current operating footprint following completion of significant realignment activities.

Overall, operating loss within Energy decreased approximately $6.0 million to a $2.6 million loss, or 2.0% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to a $8.6 million loss, or 7.0% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as a result of lower selling, general and administrative expenses related to prior footprint realignment activities, lower bad debt expense, which more than offset the costs incurred in 2017 associated with the closure of our Reynosa, Mexico facility.2019.

~~Engineered Components.~~ ~~Net sales for the~~ ~~nine months ended September 30, 2017increased~~ ~~approximately $1.9 million, or~~ ~~2.0%, to~~ ~~$96.9 million, as compared to~~ ~~$95.0 million~~ ~~in the~~ ~~nine months ended September 30, 2016~~. Sales of our oil-field engines and compression-related products increased by approximately $2.7 million primarily due to increases in drilling activity in the United States and Canada and the continued stabilization of oil prices. Sales of our industrial cylinders decreased by approximately $0.8 million, primarily due to the impact of certain of our large customers consolidating operations and lowering their current cylinder purchases.

~~Gross profit within Engineered Components decreased approximately $0.8 million to $18.8 million, or 19.4% of sales, in the~~ ~~nine months ended September 30, 2017, from $19.6 million, or 20.6% of sales, in the~~ ~~nine months ended September 30, 2016~~. Gross profit and related margin from sales of our industrial cylinders decreased approximately $2.1 million as a result of higher steel costs, lower sales in the U.S. industrial packaged gas market and a less favorable product mix. Gross profit from sales of our engines and compression-related products increased approximately $1.3 million due to higher sales levels and leveraging our lower fixed cost structure.

~~Selling, general and administrative~~Corporate. Corporate expenses, ~~decreased~~ ~~approximately $1.1 million to~~ ~~$5.8 million, or~~ ~~6.0%~~ ~~of sales, in the~~ ~~nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to~~ ~~$6.9 million, or~~ ~~7.3%~~ ~~of sales, in the~~ ~~nine months ended September 30, 2016~~ ~~primarily due to lowering our ongoing operating costs consistent with current demand levels.~~

Operating profit within Engineered Components increased approximately $0.4 million to $13.0 million, or 13.4% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to operating profit of $12.6 million, or 13.3% of sales, in the ~~nine months ended September 30, 2016~~. Operating profit improved primarily due to increased sales levels of our oil-field engines and compression-related products and better leveraging of our lower fixed cost structure, while operating profit margin as a percentage of sales remained flat primarily due to lower sales in the U.S. industrial packaged gas market, higher steel costs and a less favorable product mix.

~~Corporate Expenses.~~ ~~Corporate expenses~~net consist of the following (dollars in millions):

Nine months ended September 30,
2017 2016
Corporate operating expenses $ 7.4
$ 10.4
Employee costs and related benefits 14.1
13.8
Corporate expenses $ 21.5
$ 24.2



	Nine months ended September 30,
	2019		2018
Corporate operating expenses	$	17.6	$	16.9
Non-cash stock compensation	4.1		4.4
Legacy (income) expenses, net	3.1		(6.2		)
Corporate expenses, net	$	24.8	$	15.1

Corporate expenses, ~~decreased~~net increased approximately ~~$2.7~~$9.7 million to $~~21.5~~24.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019, from $~~24.2~~15.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2016~~2018. ~~Corporate operating~~Legacy (income) expenses, ~~decreased~~net increased approximately ~~$3.0~~$9.3 million, primarily due to the termination of the liability to Metaldyne in first quarter 2018, which resulted in an approximate $8.2 million non-cash reduction in legacy (income) expenses, net. Corporate operating expenses increased approximately ~~$3.5~~$0.7 million, ~~of costs~~primarily due to an increase in professional fees related to the July 2016 change in our President and Chief Executive Officer that did not repeat in 2017, partially offset by a favorable property tax assessment settlement of approximately $0.4 million for a former business unit that did not repeat in 2017. Employee costs and related benefits increased bycorporate development activities. Non-cash stock compensation decreased approximately $0.3 million, primarily due to ~~an increase~~a decrease in expense related to the timing and estimated attainment of our long-term equity incentive ~~compensation plans.~~plans in 2019 compared with 2018.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flows

Cash flows provided by operating activities were approximately ~~$72.7~~$64.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, as compared to approximately ~~$46.4~~$83.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2016.~~2018. Significant changes in cash flows provided by operating activities and the reasons for such changes were as follows:

For the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, the Company generated approximately ~~$87.4~~$105.9 million of cash, based on the reported net income of approximately ~~$35.0~~$60.2 million and after considering the effects of non-cash items related to ~~losses~~depreciation, amortization, loss on dispositions of assets, ~~depreciation, amortization,~~ changes in deferred income taxes, ~~debt financing and related expenses,~~ stock-based compensation and other operating activities. For the nine months ended September 30, ~~2016,~~2018, the Company generated approximately ~~$67.1~~$113.5 million in cash flows based on the reported net income of approximately ~~$27.6~~$66.6 million and after considering the effects of similar non-cash items.

Increases in accounts receivable resulted in a use of cash of approximately ~~$12.7~~$14.5 million and ~~$9.8~~$20.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016,~~2018, respectively. The increased use of cash for each of the nine month periods is due primarily to the timing of sales and collection of cash related thereto within the periods. Days sales outstanding of receivables ~~decreased~~increased by approximately four days ~~as of September 30, 2017 as~~ compared to ~~September 30, 2016, primarily as a result of~~third quarter 2018.

We decreased our ~~increased focus on collections activity.~~

~~For~~investment in inventory by approximately $2.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, while we increased our investment in inventory by approximately ~~$0.6 million. For~~$10.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2016,~~2018. In 2018, we increased our inventory investment to buy-ahead on many China-sourced products that were to be subject to tariffs to ensure we had sufficient inventory supply given the sales strength. In 2019, we have been able to remain flat to down in inventory ~~by approximately $4.6 million, primarily as a result of lower than expected~~levels, moderating them from higher levels in 2018 even with our sales ~~as we operated at higher production levels earlier in 2016 in anticipation of higher customer demand.~~growth.

~~Decreases~~Increases in prepaid expenses and other assets resulted in a use of cash ~~source~~ of approximately ~~$7.1 million and $10.8~~$3.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019, while decreases in prepaid expenses and ~~2016, respectively,~~other assets resulted in a source of cash of approximately $7.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. These changes were primarily as a result of the timing of payments made for income taxes and certain operating expenses.

Decreases in accounts payable and accrued liabilities resulted in a ~~cash~~ use of cash of approximately ~~$8.6~~$25.9 million and $6.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017, primarily related to our cash payment of approximately $4.7 million to terminate our interest rate swap agreements. Decreases in accounts payable~~2019 and ~~accrued liabilities resulted in a cash use of approximately $17.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016~~2018, respectively, primarily as a result of the timing of payments made to suppliers and the mix of vendors and related terms. ~~There was no significant change~~The decrease in ~~our days~~ accounts payable ~~on hand as of~~and accrued liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017 as compared to September 30, 2016.~~2018 was further impacted by an approximate $8.2 million non-cash reduction in an obligation.

Net cash used for investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018 was approximately ~~$22.3~~$90.4 million and ~~$22.3~~$15.6 million, respectively. During the first nine months of ~~2017,~~2019, we paid approximately $67.1 million, net of cash acquired, to acquire Plastic Srl and Taplast. We also incurred approximately ~~$24.1~~$23.4 million in capital expenditures, as we ~~have~~ continued our investment in growth, capacity and productivity-related capital projects. ~~Cash received from the disposition of property and equipment was approximately $1.8 million.~~ During the first nine months of ~~2016,~~2018, we incurred approximately ~~$22.4~~$15.9 million in capital expenditures and received cash from the disposition of property and equipment of approximately ~~$0.1~~$0.3 million.

Net cash used for financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and ~~2016~~2018 was approximately ~~$46.3~~$23.9 million and ~~$21.0~~$15.4 million, respectively. InDuring the first nine months ~~ended September 30, 2017, the Company issued $300.0 million principal Senior Notes, repaid approximately $257.9 million on our former Term Loan A Facility and made~~of 2019, we received proceeds from borrowings, net of repayments, of approximately ~~$81.5~~$0.5 million on our revolving credit ~~and accounts receivable~~ facilities. ~~In connection with refinancing our long-term debt in the third quarter of 2017, we paid~~We also purchased approximately ~~$6.1~~$21.1 million of ~~debt financing fees. We also~~outstanding common stock and used a net cash amount of approximately ~~$0.5~~$3.2 million related to our stock compensation arrangements. During the first nine months of ~~2016,~~2018, we made net repayments of approximately ~~$9.9~~$9.4 million on our revolving credit ~~and accounts receivable facilities, and repaid~~facilities. We also purchased approximately ~~$10.4~~$3.6 million ~~on our former Term Loan A Facility. We also~~of outstanding common stock and used a net cash amount of approximately ~~$1.5~~$2.4 million related to our stock compensation arrangements.

Our Debt and Other Commitments

~~In September 2017, we issued~~The $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of ~~4.875%~~ senior ~~unsecured~~ notes due October 15, 2025 at par value in a private placement under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. We used the proceeds from the offering to fully repay the $250.9 million principal, plus $0.4 million related interest, outstanding on our former senior secured term loan A facility due 2020 ("Term Loan A Facility"), repay approximately $41.7 million of outstanding obligations under the our accounts receivable facility, pay fees and expenses of $5.0 million related to the Senior Notes offering, pay fees and expenses of $1.1 million related to amending our Credit Agreement, with the remaining amount retained as cash on our consolidated balance sheet. Of the $5.0 million of fees and expenses related to the Senior Notes, approximately $4.9 million was capitalized as debt issuance costs and approximately $0.1 million was recorded as debt financing and extinguishment expense in the consolidated statement of income.

~~The Senior Notes~~ accrue interest at a rate of 4.875% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on April 15 and October 15, commencing on April 15, ~~2018.~~2018 ("Senior Notes"). The payment of principal and interest is jointly and severally guaranteed, on a senior unsecured basis by certain named subsidiaries of the Company (each a "Guarantor" and collectively the "Guarantors"). The Senior Notes are pari passu in right of payment with all existing and future senior indebtedness and subordinated to all existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. For the nine months ended September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, our consolidated subsidiaries that do not guarantee the Senior Notes represented approximately ~~14%~~16% of the total of guarantor and non-guarantor net sales, treating each as a consolidated group and excluding intercompany transactions between guarantor and non-guarantor subsidiaries. In addition, our non-guarantor subsidiaries represented approximately ~~33%~~31% and ~~52%~~13% of the total guarantor and non-guarantor assets and liabilities, respectively, as of September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, treating the guarantor and non-guarantor subsidiaries each as a consolidated group and excluding intercompany transactions between such groups.

Prior to October 15, 2020, we may redeem up to 35% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes at a redemption price of 104.875% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date, with the net cash proceeds of one or more equity offerings provided that each such redemption occurs within 90 days of the date of closing of each such equity offering. In addition, we may redeem all or part of the Senior Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date, plus a "make whole" premium.

~~In September 2017, we also amended our~~ We are party to a credit agreement ("Credit ~~Agreement, pursuant to~~Agreement") consisting of a $300.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility, which ~~we were able to extend the maturity date, increase the permitted~~permits borrowings denominated in specific foreign currencies, ~~from $75.0 million~~subject to a $125.0 million remove the Term Loan A Facility and resize the revolving credit facility. We incurred fees and expenses of approximately $1.1 million related to the amendment, all of which was capitalized as debt issuance costs. We also recorded non-cash debt financing and extinguishment expense of $2.0 million related to the write-off of previously capitalized deferred financing fees.

~~Below is a summary of key terms under the~~sub limit. The Credit Agreement ~~as of September 30, 2017, and the key terms of the previous credit agreement in place immediately prior to entering into the amended Credit Agreement~~matures on September 20, ~~2017 (the Term Loan A Facility shows the face amount of borrowing~~2022 and is subject to interest at ~~debt issuance, while the revolving credit facilities show gross availability as of each date):~~



~~Instrument~~	~~Amount~~ ~~($ in millions)~~	~~Maturity Date~~	~~Interest Rate~~
~~Credit Agreement~~
~~Senior secured revolving credit facility~~	~~$300.0~~	~~9/20/2022~~	~~LIBOR~~^(a) ~~plus 1.625%~~^(b)

~~Previous Credit Agreement~~
~~Senior secured revolving credit facility~~	~~$500.0~~	~~6/30/2020~~	~~LIBOR~~^(a) ~~plus 1.625%~~^(b)
~~Senior secured term loan A facility~~	~~$275.0~~	~~6/30/2020~~	~~LIBOR~~^(a) ~~plus 1.625%~~^(b)

~~__________________________~~

^(a) London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR")

~~At September 30, 2017, approximately $37.5 million was outstanding on the revolving credit facility.~~ The Credit Agreement allows issuance of letters of credit, not to exceed $40.0 million in aggregate, against revolving credit facility ~~commitments, of which approximately $14.2 million was outstanding at September 30, 2017.~~

commitments.

The Credit Agreement also provides for incremental revolving credit commitments in an amount not to exceed the greater of $200.0 million and an amount such that, after giving effect to such incremental commitments and the incurrence of any other indebtedness substantially simultaneously with the making of such commitments, the senior secured net leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, is no greater than 3.00 to 1.00. The terms and conditions of any incremental revolving credit facility commitments must be no more favorable than the existing credit facility.

Amounts drawn under our revolving credit facility fluctuate daily based upon our working capital and other ordinary course needs. Availability under our revolving credit facility depends upon, among other things, compliance with our Credit Agreement's financial covenants. Our Credit Agreement contains various negative and affirmative covenants and other requirements affecting us and our subsidiaries, including the ability to, subject to certain exceptions and limitations, incur debt, liens, mergers, investments, loans, advances, guarantee obligations, acquisitions, ~~assets~~asset dispositions, sale-leaseback transactions, hedging agreements, dividends and other restricted payments, transactions with affiliates, restrictive agreements and amendments to charters, bylaws, and other material documents. The terms of our Credit Agreement require us and our subsidiaries to meet certain restrictive financial covenants and ratios computed quarterly, including a maximum total net leverage ratio (total consolidated indebtedness plus outstanding amounts under the accounts receivable securitization facility, less the aggregate amount of certain unrestricted cash and unrestricted permitted investments, as defined, over consolidated EBITDA, as defined), a maximum senior secured net leverage ratio (total consolidated senior secured indebtedness, less the aggregate amount of certain unrestricted cash and unrestricted permitted investments, as defined, over consolidated EBITDA, as defined) and a minimum interest expense coverage ratio (consolidated EBITDA, as defined, over the sum of consolidated cash interest expense, as defined, and preferred dividends, as defined). Our permitted total net leverage ratio under the Credit Agreement is 4.00 to 1.00 as of September 30, ~~2017.~~2019. If we were to complete an acquisition which qualifies for a Covenant Holiday Period, as defined in our Credit Agreement, then our permitted total net leverage ratio cannot exceed 4.50 to 1.00 during that period. Our actual total net leverage ratio was ~~2.14~~1.48 to 1.00 at September 30, ~~2017.~~2019. Our permitted senior secured net leverage ratio under the Credit Agreement is 3.50 to 1.00 as of September 30, ~~2017.~~2019. If we were to complete an acquisition which qualifies for a Covenant Holiday Period, as defined in our Credit Agreement, then our permitted senior secured net leverage ratio cannot exceed 4.00 to 1.00 during that period. Our actual senior secured net leverage ratio was ~~0.23 to 1.00~~not meaningful at September 30, ~~2017.~~2019. Our permitted interest expense coverage ratio under the Credit Agreement is 3.00 to 1.00 as of September 30, ~~2017.~~2019. Our actual interest expense coverage ratio was ~~12.79~~15.45 to 1.00 at September 30, ~~2017.~~2019. At September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, we were in compliance with our financial covenants.

The following is a reconciliation of net income, as reported, which is a GAAP measure of our operating results, to Consolidated Bank EBITDA, as defined in our Credit Agreement, for the twelve months ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 (dollars in thousands). We present Consolidated Bank EBITDA to show our performance under our financial covenants.


				Twelve Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Twelve Months Ended September 30, 2017
Net loss	$	(32,390	)
Net income				$	76,930
Bank stipulated adjustments:
Interest expense	13,850			13,700
Income tax expense				22,150
Depreciation and amortization	45,630			45,660
Impairment charges and asset write-offs	104,610
Non-cash compensation expense⁽¹⁾	7,770			6,900
Other non-cash expenses or losses	2,080			4,700
Non-recurring expenses or costs⁽²⁾	7,320			4,190
Extraordinary, non-recurring or unusual gains or losses				3,010
Business and asset dispositions	3,590			220
Debt financing and extinguishment costs	6,640
Permitted acquisitions				2,800
Casualty or business interruption expenses covered and reimbursed by insurance				460
Consolidated Bank EBITDA, as defined	$	159,100		$	180,720


	September 30, 2017			September 30, 2019
Total Indebtedness, as defined⁽³⁾	$	341,030		$	266,740
Consolidated Bank EBITDA, as defined	159,100			180,720
Total net leverage ratio	2.14		x	1.48		x
Covenant requirement	4.00		x	4.00		x



	September 30, 2019
Total Senior Secured Indebtedness⁽⁴⁾	$	(37,210	)
Consolidated Bank EBITDA, as defined	180,720
Senior secured net leverage ratio	n/m			x
Covenant requirement	3.50			x



	Twelve Months Ended September 30, 2019
Interest expense	$	13,700
Bank stipulated adjustments:
Interest income	(880		)
Non-cash amounts attributable to amortization of financing costs	(1,120		)
Total Consolidated Cash Interest Expense, as defined	$	11,700

September 30, 2017
Total Senior Secured Indebtedness $ 37,080

Consolidated Bank EBITDA, as defined 159,100

Senior secured net leverage ratio 0.23
x
Covenant requirement 3.50
x

Twelve Months Ended September 30, 2017
Interest expense $ 13,850
Bank stipulated adjustments:
Non-cash amounts attributable to amortization of financing costs (1,410 )
Total Consolidated Cash Interest Expense, as defined $ 12,440


	September 30, 2017			September 30, 2019
Consolidated Bank EBITDA, as defined	$	159,100		$	180,720
Total Consolidated Cash Interest Expense, as defined	12,440			11,700
Actual interest expense coverage ratio	12.79		x	15.45		x
Covenant requirement	3.00		x	3.00		x

_____________________________


⁽¹⁾	Non-cash compensation expenses resulting from the grant of ~~restricted shares and units of common stock and common stock options.~~equity awards.


⁽²⁾	Non-recurring costs and expenses relating to diligence and transaction costs, purchase accounting costs, severance, relocation, restructuring and curtailment expenses.


⁽³⁾	Includes $4.0 million of acquisition deferred purchase price.


⁽⁴⁾	Senior secured indebtedness is negative at September 30, 2019 due to the deduction of certain unrestricted cash and unrestricted permitted investments as allowed under the Credit Agreement.

~~Another important source of liquidity is~~During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we terminated our $75.0 million accounts receivable facility, under which we ~~have~~had the ability to sell eligible accounts receivable to a third-party multi-seller receivables funding company. Our available liquidity under our accounts receivable facility has ranged from approximately $49 million to $65 million, depending on the level of our receivables outstanding at a given point in time during the year. We had approximately $7.0 million and ~~$45.5 million~~ ~~outstanding under the facility as of~~ ~~September 30, 2017~~ ~~and December 31, 2016, respectively, and approximately $53.1 million and $10.1 million available but not utilized as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.~~

At September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, we had ~~approximately $37.5 million~~no amounts outstanding under our revolving credit facility and had approximately ~~$248.3~~$284.1 million potentially available after giving effect to approximately ~~$14.2~~$15.9 million of letters of credit issued and outstanding. At December 31, ~~2016,~~2018, we had ~~approximately $75.9 million~~no amounts outstanding under our revolving credit ~~facility~~facility and had approximately~~$408.2~~ $284.9 million potentially available after giving effect to approximately ~~$15.9~~$15.1 million of letters of credit issued and outstanding. The letters of credit are used for a variety of purposes, including support of certain operating lease agreements, vendor payment terms and other subsidiary operating activities, and to meet various states' requirements to self-insure workers' compensation claims, including incurred but not reported claims. ~~Including availability under our accounts receivable facility and after~~After consideration of leverage restrictions contained in the Credit Agreement, as of September 30, ~~2017~~2019 and December 31, ~~2016,~~2018, we had approximately ~~$295.4~~$284.1 million and ~~$126.5~~$284.9 million, respectively, of borrowing capacity available for general corporate purposes.

We rely upon our cash flow from operations and available liquidity under our revolving credit ~~and accounts receivable facilities~~facility to fund our debt service obligations and other contractual commitments, working capital and capital expenditure requirements. At the end of each quarter, we use cash on hand from our domestic and foreign subsidiaries to pay down amounts outstanding under our revolving credit ~~and accounts receivable facilities.~~facility, as applicable.

~~The combined~~Our weighted average ~~monthly amounts outstanding on our Credit Agreement and accounts receivable facilities~~borrowings during the first nine months of ~~2017~~2019 approximated ~~$380.0~~$335.3 million, compared to ~~the weighted average monthly amounts outstanding~~approximately $320.2 million during the first nine months of ~~2016~~2018, as we effectively redeployed the cash generated by our operations over this time period into two bolt-on acquisitions, capital investments in our business and repurchases of ~~approximately $461.6 million. The overall decrease is primarily due to the use of proceeds from the Senior Notes offering to fully repay amounts outstanding on~~ our ~~former Term Loan A Facility and repay a portion of the outstanding obligations under our accounts receivable facility.~~common stock.

Cash management related to our revolving credit ~~and accounts receivable facilities~~facility is centralized. We monitor our cash position and available liquidity on a daily basis and forecast our cash needs on a weekly basis within the current quarter and on a monthly basis outside the current quarter over the remainder of the year. Our business and related cash forecasts are updated monthly. While the majority of our cash on hand as of September 30, ~~2017~~2019 is located in jurisdictions outside the U.S., given ~~aggregate~~ available funding under our revolving credit ~~and accounts receivable facilities~~facility of ~~$295.4~~$284.1 million at September 30, ~~2017~~2019 (after consideration of the aforementioned leverage restrictions) and based on forecasted cash sources and requirements inherent in our business plans, we believe that our liquidity and capital resources, including anticipated cash flows from operations, will be sufficient to meet our debt service, capital expenditure and other short-term and long-term obligations for the foreseeable future.

We are subject to variable interest rates on our revolving credit ~~and accounts receivable facilities.~~facility. At September 30, ~~2017,~~2019, 1-Month LIBOR approximated ~~1.23%~~2.02%. ~~Based~~At September 30, 2019, we had no amounts outstanding on our revolving credit facility and therefore no variable rate-based borrowings ~~outstanding at September 30, 2017, a 1% increase in the per annum interest rate would increase our interest expense by approximately $0.5 million annually.~~outstanding.

In addition to our long-term debt, we have other cash commitments related to leases. We account for these lease transactions as operating leases, and annual rent expense for continuing operations related thereto approximated ~~$17.4~~$12.3 million in ~~2016.~~2018. We expect toleasing will continue to ~~utilize leasing as a~~be an available financing ~~strategy~~option to fund future capital expenditure requirements.

In February 2019, we announced our Board of Directors had authorized us to increase the purchase of our common stock up to $75 million in the ~~future~~aggregate. The previous authorization, approved in November 2015, authorized up to ~~meet~~$50 million in share repurchases. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we purchased 196,128 and 723,528 shares of our outstanding common stock for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $5.7 million and $21.1 million, respectively.

In November 2019, we announced the Board of Directors increased the Company's common stock share repurchase authorization to $150 million in the aggregate. The increased authorization includes the value of shares already purchased under the previous authorization. We will continue to evaluate opportunities to return capital ~~expenditure needs~~to shareholders through the purchase of our common stock, depending on market conditions and ~~to reduce debt levels.~~other factors.

Market Risk

We conduct business in various locations throughout the world and are subject to market risk due to changes in the value of foreign currencies. The functional currencies of our foreign subsidiaries are primarily the local currency in the country of domicile. We manage these operating activities at the local level and revenues and costs are generally denominated in local currencies; however, results of operations and assets and liabilities reported in U.S. dollars will fluctuate with changes in exchange rates between such local currencies and the U.S. dollar.

We ~~have historically used~~use derivative financial instruments to manage currency risks ~~albeit in immaterial notional contracts, as we explored the predictability of~~associated with our procurement activities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of our subsidiaries and the impact of currency rate volatility on our earnings. As of September 30, 2019, we were party to foreign exchange forward and swap contracts to hedge changes in foreign currency exchange rates with notional amounts of approximately $102.9 million. We also use cross-currency swap agreements to mitigate currency risks associated with the net investment in certain of our foreign subsidiaries. See Note 10, "Derivative Instruments," included in Part 1, Item 1, "Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements," within this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

We are also subject to interest risk as it relates to our long-term debt. We have historically used interest rate swap agreements to fix the variable portion of our debt to manage this risk. See Note 8,9, "~~Derivative Instruments~~Long-term Debt," included in Part 1, Item 1, "Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements," within this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

Common Stock

TriMas is listed in the NASDAQ Global Select Market^SM. Our stock trades under the symbol "TRS."

Credit Rating

We and certain of our outstanding debt obligations are rated by Standard & Poor's and Moody's. On ~~September 13, 2017,~~June 7, 2019, Moody's ~~assigned~~affirmed a B1Ba3 rating to our Senior Notes, ~~and affirmed a rating of Ba3 to our Credit Agreement,~~ as presented in Note 79, "Long-term Debt" included in Part I, Item 1, "Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements" within this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Moody's also affirmed a ~~Ba3 to our~~Ba2 Corporate Family Rating and maintained its outlook as stable. On ~~September 11, 2017,~~January 30, 2019, Standard & Poor's ~~assigned~~affirmed a B+BB- rating to our senior unsecured ~~notes,~~debt, affirmed a ~~BB-~~BB corporate credit rating ~~to our credit facilities~~ and maintained its outlook as stable. If our credit ratings were to decline, our ability to access certain financial markets may become limited, our cost of borrowings may increase, the perception of us in the view of our customers, suppliers and security holders may worsen and as a result, we may be adversely affected.

Outlook

~~The past few years have been a period~~While third quarter macroeconomic and end market conditions were challenging, particularly in the North American industrial and oil and gas end markets we serve, we believe we were able to mitigate much of significant change for TriMas, with portfolio reshaping as part of spinning-off our former Cequent business in 2015, various acquisitions within our Packaging and Aerospace businesses and significant reductions in our fixed cost structure in responsethe impact by continuing to ~~challenging macroeconomic conditions. In addition, we underwent a CEO leadership transition in July 2016, and have a renewed focus on optimizing~~operate under the ~~financial performance of our current portfolio of businesses. We have also implemented a redefined~~ TriMas Business Model, which provides the standardized set of processes that ~~establishes~~we follow to drive results across our multi-industry set of businesses. Despite these challenging conditions, we experienced year-over-year third quarter increases in sales in each of our three reportable segments, driven by the ~~major tenants~~results of ~~how we now operate~~both of our 2019 Packaging acquisitions and strong demand in ~~2017~~our TriMas Aerospace and ~~will in future years.~~Lamons businesses.

We believe we remain ~~cautiously optimistic about~~positioned to capitalize on available market growth opportunities, as well as have instilled a culture of Kaizen and continuous improvement to generate additional production efficiencies and cost savings. We are not anticipating improvements in our end markets, particularly given economic uncertainty around direct and indirect impacts of foreign trade policies. We will continue our efforts to mitigate the ~~possibility for growth in 2017, particularly focused~~impact of external factors, while focusing on the aspects of our business that we can control.

We will continue to prioritize and pursue growth programs, particularly in our Packaging and Aerospace reportable segments, ~~and~~where we have ~~realized year-over-year growth~~many initiatives underway that we expect will benefit us in ~~both of these segments through~~ the ~~first nine months of 2017. In addition, while uncertainty still exists~~future. We will also continue to ensure our cost structures remain aligned with ~~respect to~~customer demand in the ~~broader macroeconomic environment, there are signs of stabilization in certain of our key~~ end markets we serve, most notably ~~within the Aerospace distribution channel,~~in our Specialty Products reportable segment, where year-over-year sales continue to increase in 2017 compared to 2016, and increased quoting activity for upstream oil and gas-related business. There remains the potential that the new U.S. presidential administration might initiate legislative or regulatory actions that accelerate the U.S. industrial economy, which would benefit us given a majority of our sales and production isend market conditions in the ~~U.S. While these additional factors would be positive for TriMas, we are not counting on significant market improvement. In addition, given~~third quarter of 2019 were increasingly challenging. We expect to leverage the natural disasters related to hurricanes in the Gulf Coast region, there is uncertainty around the level and timing of potential turn-around activity in the petrochemical and refining industries, as they may be delayed into 2018, further impacting our Energy reportable segment's current year sales and profit levels. While we strive to mitigate the risk of external factors, we continue to concentrate on managing internal projects that we control, including continued applicationtenets of the TriMas Business Model ~~within Energy~~to achieve our growth plans, execute continuous improvement initiatives to offset inflationary pressures, and Aerospace to improve our manufacturing processes and product delivery, pruning our product portfolios to de-emphasize or no longer sell certain lower-margin products within certain regions, and seekingseek lower-cost sources for input costs, all while continuously assessing our manufacturing footprint, productivity and ~~fixed cost~~fixed-cost structure.

Impact of New Accounting Standards

See Note 2, "New Accounting Pronouncements," included in Part 1, Item 1, "Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements," within this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

Critical Accounting Policies

Certain of our accounting policies require the application of significant judgment by management in selecting the appropriate assumptions for calculating financial estimates. By their nature, these judgments are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. These judgments are based on our historical experience, our evaluation of business and macroeconomic trends, and information from other outside sources, as appropriate.

During the quarter ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019, there were no material changes to the items that we disclosed as our critical accounting policies in Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016~~2018.

In completing our 2016 assessment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, the fair value of the Aerospace reporting unit equaled carrying value following our recognition of goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges in the fourth quarter of 2016. All other reporting units with goodwill had an implied fair value greater than carrying value by more than 89% in our last quantitative assessment. The amount of remaining goodwill attributable to the Aerospace reporting unit was approximately $146.4 million as of each of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. We have not identified any events or changes in circumstances that could reasonably be expected to have an other than temporary effect on the significant assumptions used in estimating the fair value of our Aerospace or other reporting units with goodwill.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risk associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We are also subject to interest risk as it relates to long-term debt. See Part I, Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," for details about our primary market risks, and the objectives and strategies used to manage these risks. Also see Note 79, "Long-term Debt," and Note 810, "Derivative Instruments," in Part I, Item 1, "Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements," included within this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

As of September 30, ~~2017~~2019, an evaluation was carried out by management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) pursuant to Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act. The Company's disclosure controls and procedures are designed only to provide reasonable assurance that they will meet their objectives. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of September 30, ~~2017~~2019, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that they would meet their objectives.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

There have been no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, ~~2017~~2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

TRIMAS CORPORATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

See Note 912, "Commitments and Contingencies," included in Part I, Item 1, "Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements," within this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part 1, Item 1A., "Risk Factors," in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2016,~~2018, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. There have been no significant changes in our risk factors as disclosed in our ~~2016~~2018 Form ~~10-K.~~10-K except for the following:

Portfolio strategy execution - Our success depends on achieving our strategic and financial objectives, including the sale of our Lamons business

As previously announced, we entered into a definitive agreement to sell our Lamons business to First Reserve, a private equity firm focused on energy investing, for approximately $135 million in cash, subject to customary working capital and purchase price adjustments. Lamons, a leading provider of industrial sealing and fastener solutions in the petrochemical, petroleum refining, midstream energy transportation, upstream oil and gas, metropolitan water and wastewater management end markets, is currently part of our Specialty Products reportable segment and generated approximately $186 million in net sales for the twelve months ended September 30, 2019. We will report Lamons' results of operations as discontinued operations beginning in the fourth quarter of 2019.

Consummation of the sale is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of customary closing conditions. Net proceeds that we expect to receive from the sale of our Lamons business are an important source of cash flow for us as part of our strategic and financial planning. As we seek to sell or separate certain assets, equity interests or businesses, we may encounter difficulty in finding buyers, managing interdependencies across multiple transactions and other Company initiatives, implementing separation plans or executing alternative exit strategies on acceptable terms, which could delay or prevent the accomplishment of our strategic and financial objectives.

We may dispose of assets or businesses at a price or on terms that are less favorable than we had anticipated, or with the exclusion of assets that must be divested or run off separately. We may also face limitations in the form of regulatory or governmental approvals that prevent certain prospective purchasers from completing transactions with us or delay us from executing transactions on our preferred timeline, or arising from our debt or other contractual obligations that limit our ability to complete certain asset or business dispositions. Moreover, the effect of planned transactions over time will reduce our cash flow and earnings capacity and result in a less diversified portfolio of businesses, and we will have a greater dependency on remaining businesses for our financial results. Executing on these transactions can divert senior management time and resources from other pursuits. Dispositions or other business separations may also involve continued financial involvement in the divested business, such as through continuing equity ownership, transition service agreements, guarantees, indemnities or other current or contingent financial obligations or liabilities. Under these arrangements, performance by the divested businesses or other conditions outside our control could materially affect our future financial results.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

~~None.~~The following table provides information about purchases made by the Company, or on behalf of the Company by an affiliated purchaser, of shares of the Company's common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2019.



Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs ⁽¹⁾	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program ⁽¹⁾
July 1, 2019 to July 31, 2019	—	$	—	—	$	47,433,785
August 1, 2019 to August 31, 2019	173,342	$	28.89	173,342	$	42,425,947
September 1, 2019 to September 30, 2019	22,786	$	28.98	22,786	$	41,765,550
Total	196,128	$	28.90	196,128	$	41,765,550

__________________________

⁽¹⁾

In February 2019, the Company announced its Board of Directors had authorized the Company to increase the purchase of its common stock up to $75 million in the aggregate from its previous authorization of $50 million. Pursuant to this share repurchase program, during the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company repurchased 196,128 shares of its common stock at a cost of approximately $5.7 million. In November 2019, the Company announced its Board of Directors increased the Company's common stock share repurchase authorization to $150 million in the aggregate. The increased authorization includes the value of shares already purchased under the previous authorization. The share repurchase program is effective and has no expiration date.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Not applicable.

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits Index:



~~3.1(a)~~3.1	Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of TriMas ~~Corporation.~~Corporation (Incorporated by reference to the Exhibits filed with TriMas Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 3, 2007 (File No. 001-10716)).
~~3.2(b)~~3.2	Third Amended and Restated By-laws of TriMas ~~Corporation.~~
~~4.1(c)~~	~~Indenture, dated as of September 20, 2017, among~~Corporation (Incorporated by reference to the Exhibits filed with TriMas ~~Corporation, the Guarantors named therein and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee (including the~~Corporation's Current Report on Form ~~of Note)~~
~~10.1(c)~~	Replacement Facility Amendment, dated as September 20, 2017, among TriMas Company LLC, the other Loan Parties party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the Lenders party thereto.8-K filed on December 18, 2015 (File No. 001-10716)).
31.1	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002.
~~101.INS~~101	~~XBRL Instance Document.~~
~~101.SCH~~	~~XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.~~
~~101.CAL~~	~~XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.~~
~~101.DEF~~	~~XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.~~
~~101.LAB~~	~~XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.~~
~~101.PRE~~	~~XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.~~



~~(a)~~		~~Incorporated by reference to the Exhibits filed with our~~The following materials from TriMas Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ~~filed on August 3, 2007 (File No. 001-10716).~~for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, formatted in Inline XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheet, (ii) the Consolidated Statement of Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, (v) the Consolidated Statement of Shareholders' Equity, (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, and (vii) document and entity information.
~~(b)~~104		~~Incorporated by reference to~~Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the ~~Exhibits filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 18, 2015 (File No. 001-10716).~~
~~(c)~~		~~Incorporated by reference to the Exhibits filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 20, 2017 (File No. 001-10716).~~Inline XBRL document)

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



		TRIMAS CORPORATION (Registrant)

			/s/ ROBERT J. ZALUPSKI

Date:	~~October 26, 2017~~November 4, 2019	By:	Robert J. Zalupski Chief Financial Officer

4144



	As of September 30, 2017					As of December 31, 2016
Intangible Category by Useful Life	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships, 5 – 12 years	$	73,790	$	(39,030	)	$	73,570	$	(33,200	)
Customer relationships, 15 – 25 years	132,230		(50,150		)	132,230		(44,970		)
Total customer relationships	206,020		(89,180		)	205,800		(78,170		)
Technology and other, 1 – 15 years	57,520		(28,480		)	57,470		(26,040		)
Technology and other, 17 – 30 years	43,300		(32,960		)	43,300		(31,370		)
Total technology and other	100,820		(61,440		)	100,770		(57,410		)
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trademark/Trade names	42,930		—			42,930		—
Total other intangible assets	$	349,770	$	(150,620	)	$	349,500	$	(135,580	)



	Amount of Loss Recognized in AOCI on Derivative (Effective Portion, net of tax)						Amount of Loss Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings
							Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	As of September 30, 2017		As of December 31, 2016			Location of Loss Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings (Effective Portion)	2017			2016			2017			2016
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	(2,520	)	Interest expense	$	20		$	(250	)	$	(320	)	$	(470	)
						Debt financing and related expenses	$	(4,680	)	$	—		$	(4,680	)	$	—



	Number of Unvested Restricted Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017	645,660		$	20.45
Granted	354,359		24.96
Vested	(236,198	)	20.41
Cancelled	(18,561	)	21.06
Outstanding at September 30, 2017	745,260		$	22.59	1.1	$	20,122,020



	September 30, 2017
Total Senior Secured Indebtedness	$	37,080
Consolidated Bank EBITDA, as defined	159,100
Senior secured net leverage ratio	0.23		x
Covenant requirement	3.50		x

Compensatory

Range of damages sought (dollars in millions)

$0.0 to $0.6

$0.6 to $5.0

Number of claims