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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)
☒
ýQuarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended SeptemberMarch 29, 20172024


☐
¨Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Commission File No. 000-25826

HARMONIC INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware77-0201147
Delaware77-0201147
(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)
4300 North First Street2590 Orchard Parkway
San Jose, CA 9513495131
(408) 542-2500
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.001 par valueHLITNASDAQ Global Select Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ý☒    No  ¨☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ý☒    No  ¨☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer¨☒Accelerated filerFilerý☐
Non-accelerated filer
¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
☐		Smaller reporting company¨☐
Emerging growth company ¨☐

Table of Contents
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrantregistrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨☐   Noý  ☒
The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $.001$0.001 par value, outstanding on October 30, 2017April 29, 2024 was 81,618,569.116,542,186.



Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
3
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
3518
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
4725
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
4926
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
5027
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
5028
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
7049
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
70
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
70
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
7050
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
7051
7152


2
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PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
HARMONIC INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited, in thousands, except per share data)
 September 29, 2017 December 31, 2016
ASSETS   
Current assets:   
Cash and cash equivalents$50,039
 $55,635
Short-term investments—
 6,923
Accounts receivable, net71,582
 86,765
Inventories31,754
 41,193
Prepaid expenses and other current assets22,682
 26,319
Total current assets176,057
 216,835
Property and equipment, net30,731
 32,164
Goodwill241,932
 237,279
Intangibles, net23,316
 29,231
Other long-term assets39,926
 38,560
Total assets$511,962
 $554,069
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY   
Current liabilities:   
Other debts and capital lease obligations, current$7,434
 $7,275
Accounts payable31,839
 28,892
Income taxes payable1,411
 1,166
Deferred revenue52,811
 52,414
Accrued and other current liabilities52,828
 55,150
Total current liabilities146,323
 144,897
Convertible notes, long-term107,318
 103,259
Other debts and capital lease obligations, long-term15,439
 13,915
Income taxes payable, long-term591
 2,926
Deferred tax liabilities, long-term327
 —
Other non-current liabilities21,366
 18,431
Total liabilities291,364
 283,428
Commitments and contingencies (Note 18)
 
Stockholders’ equity:
  
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 5,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding—
 —
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 150,000 shares authorized; 81,606 and 78,456 shares issued and outstanding at September 29, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively82
 78
Additional paid-in capital2,267,213
 2,254,055
Accumulated deficit(2,045,967) (1,976,222)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(730) (7,270)
Total stockholders’ equity220,598
 270,641
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$511,962
 $554,069
par value)
March 29, 2024December 31, 2023
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$84,305 $84,269 
Accounts receivable, net105,854 141,531 
Inventories86,631 83,982 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets24,019 20,950 
Total current assets300,809 330,732 
Property and equipment, net35,239 36,683 
Operating lease right-of-use assets19,420 20,817 
Goodwill238,287 239,150 
Deferred income taxes108,418 104,707 
Other non-current assets38,497 36,117 
Total assets$740,670 $768,206 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Convertible debt, current$115,109 $114,880 
Other debts, current4,813 4,918 
Accounts payable43,844 38,562 
Deferred revenue51,500 46,217 
Operating lease liabilities, current6,507 6,793 
Other current liabilities53,045 61,024 
Total current liabilities274,818 272,394 
Other debts, non-current10,271 10,495 
Operating lease liabilities, non-current17,711 18,965 
Other non-current liabilities28,716 29,478 
Total liabilities331,516 331,332 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 5,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding— — 
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 150,000 shares authorized; 111,946 and 112,407 shares issued and outstanding at March 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively112 112 
Additional paid-in capital2,410,094 2,405,043 
Accumulated deficit(1,992,339)(1,962,575)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(8,713)(5,706)
Total stockholders’ equity409,154 436,874 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$740,670 $768,206 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


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HARMONIC INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited, in thousands, except per share data)
 Three months ended Nine months ended
 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016
Revenue:       
Product$58,161
 $70,285
 $158,657
 $205,342
Services33,853
 31,121
 98,615
 87,467
Total net revenue92,014
 101,406
 257,272
 292,809
Cost of revenue:       
Product27,736
 34,460
 85,843
 105,698
Services17,253
 15,583
 50,181
 44,054
Total cost of revenue44,989
 50,043
 136,024
 149,752
Total gross profit47,025
 51,363
 121,248
 143,057
Operating expenses:       
Research and development21,289
 24,202
 73,226
 74,272
Selling, general and administrative37,121
 36,112
 104,377
 105,498
Amortization of intangibles793
 3,009
 2,347
 9,606
Restructuring and related charges2,028
 (27) 4,084
 4,488
Total operating expenses61,231
 63,296
 184,034
 193,864
Loss from operations(14,206) (11,933) (62,786) (50,807)
Interest expense, net(2,794) (2,734) (8,064) (7,806)
Other expense, net(498) (328) (1,828) (5)
Loss on impairment of long-term investment—
 (1,259) —
 (2,735)
Loss before income taxes(17,498) (16,254) (72,678) (61,353)
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes(1,915) (242) (1,568) 518
Net loss$(15,583) $(16,012) $(71,110) $(61,871)
        
Net loss per share:       
Basic and diluted$(0.19) $(0.21) $(0.88) $(0.80)
Shares used in per share calculation:       
Basic and diluted81,445
 78,092
 80,618
 77,475
 Three Months Ended
 March 29, 2024March 31, 2023
Revenue:
Appliance and integration$81,595 $114,794 
SaaS and service40,465 42,855 
Total net revenue122,060 157,649 
Cost of revenue:
Appliance and integration43,074 59,748 
SaaS and service15,905 13,847 
Total cost of revenue58,979 73,595 
Total gross profit63,081 84,054 
Operating expenses:
Research and development30,705 33,509 
Selling, general and administrative38,865 39,282 
Restructuring and related charges3,037 83 
Total operating expenses72,607 72,874 
Income (loss) from operations(9,526)11,180 
Interest expense, net(723)(706)
Other expense, net(289)(293)
Income (loss) before income taxes(10,538)10,181 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes(2,449)5,088 
Net income (loss)$(8,089)$5,093 
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic$(0.07)$0.05 
Diluted$(0.07)$0.04 
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic112,350 110,794 
Diluted112,350 117,758 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


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HARMONIC INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSSINCOME (LOSS)
(Unaudited, in thousands)
 Three months ended Nine months ended
 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016
Net loss$(15,583) $(16,012) $(71,110) $(61,871)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before tax:       
Change in unrealized gain on cash flow hedges:       
Unrealized gain arising during the period—
 121
 —
 279
(Gain) loss reclassified into earnings—
 (47) —
 53
 —
 74
 —
 332
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities:       
Unrealized (loss) gain arising during the period8
 (1,208) (605) (1,178)
Loss reclassified into earnings—
 1,259
 —
 2,735
 8
 51
 (605) 1,557
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments2,265
 523
 7,147
 (154)
Other comprehensive income before tax2,273
 648
 6,542
 1,735
Less: Provision for (benefit from) income taxes—
 (3) 2
 20
Other comprehensive income, net of tax2,273
 651
 6,540
 1,715
Total comprehensive loss$(13,310) $(15,361) $(64,570) $(60,156)
 Three Months Ended
 March 29, 2024March 31, 2023
Net income (loss)$(8,089)$5,093 
Foreign currency translation adjustments(2,914)1,959 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before tax(2,914)1,959 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes93 (72)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(3,007)2,031 
Total comprehensive income (loss)$(11,096)$7,124 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


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HARMONIC INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited, in thousands)
Three Months Ended March 29, 2024
Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital		Accumulated
Deficit		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss		Total
Stockholders’
Equity
SharesAmount
Balance at December 31, 2023112,407 $112 $2,405,043 $(1,962,575)$(5,706)$436,874 
Net loss— — — (8,089)— (8,089)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax— — — — (3,007)(3,007)
Issuance of common stock under award and purchase plans, net1,197 1 (1,872)— — (1,871)
Repurchase of common stock(1,658)(1)— (21,675)— (21,676)
Stock-based compensation— — 6,923 — — 6,923 
Balance at March 29, 2024111,946 $112 $2,410,094 $(1,992,339)$(8,713)$409,154 
 Nine months ended
 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016
Cash flows from operating activities:   
Net loss$(71,110) $(61,871)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:   
Amortization of intangibles6,232
 12,711
Depreciation11,045
 13,198
Stock-based compensation11,107
 8,542
Amortization of discount on convertible debt and issuance cost4,060
 3,669
Restructuring, asset impairment and loss on retirement of fixed assets565
 1,476
Amortization of non-cash warrant38
 —
Loss on impairment of long-term investment—
 2,735
Foreign currency adjustments1,795
 (911)
Provision for excess and obsolete inventories5,578
 6,246
Allowance for doubtful accounts and returns4,309
 1,222
Other non-cash adjustments, net298
 251
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisition:   
Accounts receivable11,367
 (12,869)
Inventories6,188
 2,225
Prepaid expenses and other assets6,702
 (5,938)
Accounts payable2,129
 2,505
Deferred revenue(1,098) 20,038
Income taxes payable(2,122) (827)
Accrued and other liabilities(3,053) (5,040)
Net cash used in operating activities(5,970) (12,638)
Cash flows from investing activities:   
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired—
 (75,669)
Proceeds from maturities of investments3,106
 18,692
Proceeds from sales of investments3,792
 —
Purchases of property and equipment(9,075) (11,423)
Net cash used in investing activities(2,177) (68,400)
Cash flows from financing activities:   
Payment of convertible debt issuance costs—
 (582)
Proceeds from other debts and capital leases6,344
 5,968
Repayment of other debts and capital leases(7,008) (8,038)
Proceeds from common stock issued to employees4,697
 3,736
Payment of tax withholding obligations related to net share settlements of restricted stock units(2,757) (1,313)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities1,276
 (229)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents1,275
 (182)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents(5,596) (81,449)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period55,635
 126,190
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$50,039
 $44,741

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital		Accumulated
Deficit		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss		Total
Stockholders’
Equity
SharesAmount
Balance at December 31, 2022109,871 $110 $2,380,651 $(2,046,569)$(9,686)$324,506 
Net income— — — 5,093 — 5,093 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — — 2,031 2,031 
Issuance of common stock under stock option, award and purchase plans, net1,461 1 (3,269)— — (3,268)
Stock-based compensation— — 7,424 — — 7,424 
Balance at March 31, 2023111,332 $111 $2,384,806 $(2,041,476)$(7,655)$335,786 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


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HARMONIC INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited, in thousands)
 Three Months Ended
 March 29, 2024March 31, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)$(8,089)$5,093 
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation3,085 3,030 
Stock-based compensation6,923 7,424 
Foreign currency remeasurement(1,108)1,290 
Deferred income taxes, net(3,806)547 
Provision for excess and obsolete inventories757 2,027 
Other adjustments240 703 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable35,187 20,530 
Inventories(4,571)(10,547)
Other assets(5,041)(2,566)
Accounts payable5,988 (12,507)
Deferred revenues5,071 1,721 
Other liabilities(7,816)(10,475)
Net cash provided by operating activities26,820 6,270 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment(1,911)(2,331)
Net cash used in investing activities(1,911)(2,331)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payments for debt issuance costs(327)— 
Repurchase of common stock(21,675)— 
Repayment of other debts— (152)
Proceeds from common stock issued to employees3,542 3,085 
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards(5,413)(6,353)
Net cash used in financing activities(23,873)(3,420)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(1,000)772 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents36 1,291 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period84,269 89,586 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$84,305 $90,877 
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing activities:
Capital expenditures incurred but not yet paid$396 $881 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HARMONIC INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1: BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the opinion of management, include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) which Harmonic Inc. (“Harmonic,” or the “Company”United States ("U.S. GAAP") considers necessary for a fair statementand applicable rules and regulations of the results of operations forSecurities and Exchange Commission regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the interim periods coveredfinancial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. As such, the consolidated financial condition of the Company at the date of the balance sheets. Thisinformation included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements containedand accompanying notes included in the Company’sour Annual Report on Form 10-K which was filed withfor the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 3, 2017 (the “2016year ended December 31, 2023 (“2023 Form 10-K”). The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the Company's financial position as of balance sheet dates and its operating results and cash flows for the interim periods presented. Operating results presented hereinfor interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for any subsequent quarter or for the full fiscal year ending December 31, 2017, or any other future period. The Company’s fiscal quarters are based on 13-week periods, except for the fourth quarter, which ends on December 31.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The year-end condensed balance sheet was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).
On February 29, 2016, the Company completed the acquisition of Thomson Video Networks (“TVN”). TVN is now a part of the Company’s Video segment and its results of operations are included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations beginning March 1, 2016. During the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company completed the accounting for this business combination.

Use of Estimates2024.
The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date ofin the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period.accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Significant Accounting Policies

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to its audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 20162023 Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes to these policies during the ninethree months ended SeptemberMarch 29, 2017 other than those disclosed in Note 2, “Standards Implemented”.2024.


NOTE 2: RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
New standards to be implemented

In May 2014,November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”)FASB issued a new standard, Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as amended, which will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance. Under ASU 2014-09, an entity is required to recognize revenue upon transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the expected consideration received in exchange for those goods or services. ASU No. 2014-09 defines a five-step process in order to achieve this core principle,2023-07, Segment Reporting, which may require the use of judgmentexpands annual and estimates, and also requires expanded qualitative and quantitativeinterim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures relating to the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers, includingabout significant judgments and estimates used.

segment expenses. The FASB has issued several amendments to the new standard, including clarification on accounting for licenses of intellectual property and identifying performance obligations. The amendments include ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)-Principal versus Agent Considerations, which was issued in March 2016, and clarifies the implementation guidance for principal versus agent considerations in ASU 2014-09, and ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)-Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which was issued in April 2016, and amends the guidance in ASU No. 2014-09 related to identifying performance obligations and accounting for licenses of

intellectual property. The new standard permits adoption either by using (i) a full retrospective approach for all periods presented in the period of adoption or (ii) a modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard recognized at the date of initial application and providing certain additional disclosures. The newupdated standard is effective for our annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted for annual reportingin fiscal 2024 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company will adopt the new standard effective January 1, 2018.

The Company currently plans to adopt using the modified retrospective approach. However, a decision regarding the adoption method has not been finalized at this time. The Company’s final determination will depend on a number of factors, such as the significance of the impact of the new standard on its financial results, system readiness, including that of software procured from third-party providers, and its ability to accumulate and analyze the information necessary to assess the impact on prior period financial statements, as necessary.

The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new standard on its accounting policies, processes, and system requirements. The Company has made and will continue to make investments in systems to enable timely and accurate reporting under the new standard. While the Company continues to assess all potential impacts under the new standard, there is the potential for significant impacts to the timing of recognition of software licenses with undelivered features and professional services revenue related to service contracts with acceptance terms as well as contract acquisition costs, both with respect to the amounts that will be capitalized as well as the period of amortization.

Under current industry-specific software revenue recognition guidance, the Company has historically concluded that it did not have vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value of the undelivered features relating to delivered software licenses, and accordingly, it has deferred entire revenue for such software licenses until the delivery of features. Professional services included in arrangements with acceptances have also been recognized on receipt of acceptance. The new standard, which does not retain the concept of VSOE, requires an evaluation of whether the undelivered features are distinct performance obligations and, therefore, should be separately recognized when delivered compared to the timing of delivery of software license. Professional services will generally be recorded as services are provided. Depending on the outcome of the Company’s evaluation, the timing of when revenue is recognized could change for future features and professional services under the new standard.

As part of the Company’s preliminary evaluation, it has also considered the impact of the guidance in ASC 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs; Contracts with Customers, and the interpretations of the FASB Transition Resource Group for Revenue Recognition (“TRG”) from their November 7, 2016 meeting with respect to capitalization and amortization of incremental costs of obtaining a contract. As a result of this new guidance, the Company is currently assessing if it will need to capitalize any costs of obtaining the contract, including additional sales commissions. Under the Company’s current accounting policy, it expenses the commission costs immediately as incurred.

While the Company continues to assess the potential impacts of the new standard, including the areas described above, the Company does not know or cannot yet reasonably estimate quantitative information related to the impact of the new standard on its financial statements at this time.

In January 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standard update which requires equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income and simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment. The accounting standard update also updates certain presentation and disclosure requirements. This accounting standard update will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this new standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB amended the existing accounting standard for lease accounting. Under this guidance, lessees and lessors should apply a “right-of-use” model in accounting for all leases (including subleases) and eliminate the concept of operating leases and off-balance sheet leases. This new leases standard requires a modified retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application, with an option to use certain transition relief. The new standard will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the methods and impact of adopting this new leases standard on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued new guidance that changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For trade receivables and other instruments, the Company will be required to use a new forward-looking “expected loss” model.  Additionally, credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance for credit losses limited to the amount by which fair value is below amortized cost. The new guidance will be effective for the Company

beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and early2025. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting thisthe new accounting guidancestandard will have on its segment reporting disclosures in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016,December 2023, the FASB issued an accounting standard update that addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice.ASU No. 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This accounting standard update will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 on a retrospective basis, and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this new standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standard update whichASU requires companies to include restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in its cash and cash equivalent balances in the statement of cash flows. Transfers between cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents are no longer presented in the statement of cash flows. The new guidance requires a reconciliation of the totals in the statement of cash flows to the related captions. This accounting standard update will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 on a retrospective basis, and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standard update to simplify the test for goodwill impairment. It removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test and requires the assessment of fair value of individual assets and liabilities ofdisaggregated information about a reporting unit to measure goodwill impairments. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value.entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. The accounting standard update will beASU is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 on a prospective basis and earlyfor annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluatingalso permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. This ASU will result in the impact of adopting this new accounting guidance on itsrequired additional disclosures being included in our consolidated financial statements.statements, once adopted.


In January 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standard update to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. The guidance will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 on a prospective basis, and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued a new accounting standard to improve the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic post-retirement benefit cost. This new standard will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 on a retrospective basis and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 3: INVESTMENTS IN EQUITY SECURITIES
In May 2017,2022, the FASB issuedCompany sold its investment in Encoding.com, Inc. for total consideration of up to approximately $10.7 million. The Company received $7.8 million in May 2022 and recognized a new accounting standard to clarify when to account for a change to the terms or conditions for a share-based payment award as a modification. It requires modification accounting only if the fair value, the vesting condition or the classificationgain of $4.2 million. The balance of the award changes as a resultconsideration of the change in terms or conditions. This new standard will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 on a prospective basisup to approximately $2.9 million is subject to certain conditions and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this new standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Standards Implemented

In February 2015, the FASB issued an accounting standard update that changes the analysis that a reporting entity must perform to determine whether it should consolidate certain types of legal entities. The accounting standard update became effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2017. The application of this accounting standard update did not have any impact on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet or Statement of Operations upon adoption.

In July 2015, the FASB issued an accounting standard update that requires inventory to be measured at the lower of costindemnity obligations, and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The Company adopted this accounting standard update beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2017 and the adoption did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standard update to clarify the requirements for assessing whether contingent call (put) options that can accelerate the payment of principal on debt instruments are clearly and closely related to their debt hosts. An entity performing the assessment under the amendments is required to assess the embedded call (put) options solely in accordance with the four-step decision sequence. The Company adopted this accounting standard update beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2017 and the adoption did not have any impact on its consolidated financial statements.


In March 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standard update for the accounting of share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities and classification on the statement of cash flows. The new standard eliminated the requirement to report excess tax benefits and certain tax deficiencies related to share-based payment transactions as additional paid-in capital. It also removes the requirement to delay recognition of a windfall tax benefit until it reduces current taxes payable. Under the new guidance, the benefit will be recorded when it arises, subject to normal valuation allowance considerations. Theupon receipt by the Company. As of March 29, 2024, the Company adopted this new accounting standard beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2017 using a modified-retrospective transition method and recorded a cumulative effect of $4.6 million of additional gross deferred tax asset associated with shared-based payment and an offsetting valuation allowancehas not received any of the same amount, therefore resulting in no net impact tobalance of the Company’s beginning retained earnings. Prior to January 1, 2017, stock-based compensation expense was recorded net of estimated forfeitures in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and, accordingly, was recorded for only those stock-based awards thatconsideration.
NOTE 4: CONTRACT ASSETS AND DEFERRED REVENUE
Contract assets exist when the Company expected to vest. Upon the adoption of this accounting standard update, effective January 1, 2017, the Company changed its accounting policy to account for forfeitures as they occur. The change was applied onhas satisfied a modified retrospective approach with a cumulative effect adjustment of $69,000 to retained earnings as of January 1, 2017 (which increased the accumulated deficit). The implementation of this accounting standard update has no impact to the Company’s condensed statement of cash flows because the Companyperformance obligation but does not have any excess tax benefits from share-based compensationan unconditional right to consideration (e.g., because its tax provisionthe entity first must satisfy another performance obligation in the contract before it is primarily under full valuation allowance. No prior periods were recast asentitled to invoice the customer). Deferred revenue represents the Company’s obligation to transfer goods or services to a resultcustomer for which the Company has received consideration (or an amount of this change in accounting policy.

In October 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standard update which requires companies to recognize the income tax consequences of all intra-entity sales of assets other than inventory when they occur. As a result, a reporting entity would recognize the tax expenseconsideration is due) from the salecustomer.
Contract assets and deferred revenue consisted of the asset infollowing:
As of
(in thousands)March 29, 2024December 31, 2023
Contract assets$4,380 $4,772 
Deferred revenue$64,694 $59,705 

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Contract assets and the seller’s tax jurisdiction when the transfer occurs, even though the pre-tax effectsnon-current portion of that transactiondeferred revenue are eliminated in consolidation. Any deferred tax asset that arises in the buyer’s jurisdiction would also be recognized at the timereported as components of the transfer. The Company early adopted this accounting standard update during the first quarter of fiscal 2017 on a modified retrospective approach and recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment of $1.4 million to the retained earnings as of January 1, 2017 (which reduced the accumulated deficit). Correspondingly, in the first quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company recognized an additional $1.1 million of net deferred tax assets, after netting with $2.1 million of valuation allowance, and write off the remaining $0.3 million of unamortized tax expenses deferred under the previous guidance to provision for income taxes in the first quarter of fiscal 2017.


NOTE 3: BUSINESS ACQUISITION
On February 29, 2016, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Harmonic International AG, completed its acquisition of 100% of the share capital and voting rights of TVN, a global leader in advanced video compression solutions headquartered in Rennes, France, for a final purchase price of $82.5 million in cash. The Company believes that its acquisition of TVN has strengthened, and will continue to strengthen, the Company’s competitive position in the video infrastructure market as well as to enhance the depth and scale of the Company’s research and development and service and support capabilities in the video arena.

During the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company completed the accounting for this business combination. The final TVN purchase price has been allocated to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the basis of their respective estimated fair values on the acquisition date. The Company’s allocation of TVN purchase consideration is as follows (in thousands):

Assets: 
  Cash and cash equivalents$6,843
  Accounts receivable, net14,933
  Inventories3,462
  Prepaid expenses and other current assets2,412
  Property and equipment, net9,942
  French R&D tax credit receivables (1)
26,421
  Other long-term assets2,134
Total assets$66,147
Liabilities: 
  Other debts and capital lease obligations, current8,362
  Accounts payable12,494
  Deferred revenue2,504
  Accrued and other current liabilities18,365
  Other debts and capital lease obligations, long-term16,087
  Other non-current liabilities6,467
  Deferred tax liabilities2,126
Total liabilities$66,405
  
Goodwill41,670
Intangibles41,100
Total purchase consideration$82,512
(1) See Note 8, “Balance Sheet Components-Prepaid“Prepaid expenses and other current assets” for more informationand “Other non-current liabilities,” respectively, on French R&D tax credit receivables.

the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The following table presents detailsamount of revenues recognized during the three months ended March 29, 2024 and March 31, 2023 that were included in the opening deferred revenue balance as of January 1, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were $16.3 million and $21.2 million.
Remaining performance obligations represent contracted revenues that have not yet been recognized and include deferred revenue and unbilled amounts that will be recognized as revenue in the future. The aggregate balance of the intangible assets acquired through this business combination (in thousands, except years):
 Estimated Useful Life (in years) Fair Value
Backlog6 months $3,600
Developed technology4 years 21,700
Customer relationships5 years 15,200
Trade name4 years 600
   $41,100

The goodwillCompany’s remaining performance obligations as of March 29, 2024 was $677.8 million, 54% of which is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes butrecognized as revenue over the intangibles assets acquired are expected to be deductible for income tax purposes in certain jurisdictions. Both goodwillnext 12 months and intangibles assets acquired are assigned to the Company’s video reporting unit.

Acquisition- and integration- related expenses

As a result of the TVN acquisition, the Company incurred the acquisition- and integration- related expenses summarized in the table below (in thousands):


  Acquisition-related Integration-related
  Three months ended Nine months ended Three months ended Nine months ended
  September 30, 2016 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016
Product cost of revenue $—
 $—
 $—
 $119
 $342
 $610
Research and development —
 —
 —
 152
 7
 702
Selling, general and administrative 534
 3,855
 117
 4,365
 2,385
 6,502
  Total acquisition- and integration-related expenses in operating expenses 534
 3,855
 117
 4,636
 2,734
 7,814
Interest expense, net —
 —
 —
 98
 —
 98
     Total acquisition- and integration-related expenses $534
 $3,855
 $117
 $4,734
 $2,734
 $7,912


These costs consisted of acquisition-related costs which include outside legal, accounting and other professional services as well as integration-related costs which include incremental costs resulting from the TVN acquisition that are not expected to generate future benefits once the integration is fully consummated. These costs are expensed as incurred. The Company expects to continue to have some TVN integration-related costs throughout the remainder of 2017, primarily outside legal and advisory fees relatingthereafter.
Refer to re-organization of TVN’s legal entities.Note 11, “Segment Information” for disaggregated revenue information.


NOTE 4: SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
As of September 29, 2017, the Company has no short-term investments. The following table summarizes the Company’s short-term investments as of December 31, 2016 (in thousands):
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
As of December 31, 2016       
Corporate bonds$6,928
 $—
 $(5) $6,923
Total short-term investments$6,928
 $—
 $(5) $6,923
The Company’s short-term investments as of December 31, 2016 had maturities of less than one year. These available-for-sale investments are presented as “Current Assets” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as they were available for current operations. Realized gains and losses from the sale of investments were not material for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016.

NOTE 5: INVESTMENTS IN OTHER EQUITY SECURITIES
From time to time, the Company may acquire certain equity investments for the promotion of business objectives and these investments are classified as long-term investments and included in “Other long-term assets” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

In 2014, the Company acquired a 3.3% interest in Vislink plc (“Vislink”), a U.K. public company listed on the AIM exchange in London, for $3.3 million. The investment in Vislink is being accounted for as a cost method investment as the Company does not have significant influence over the operational and financial policies of Vislink. Since the Vislink investment is also an available-for-sale security, its value is marked to market for the difference in fair value at period end. The carrying value of Vislink was $0.2 million and $0.8 million at September 29, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Vislink’s accumulated unrealized (loss) gain, net of taxes was $(0.3) million and $0.3 million at September 29, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Beginning in late 2015 and continuing through 2016, Vislink’s stock price was below the Company’s cost basis for a prolonged period of time and based on the Company’s assessment, impairment charges of $1.5 million and $1.2 million for Vislink were recorded in the first and third quarter of 2016, respectively, reflecting the new reduced cost basis of the Vislink investment at

September 30, 2016. As of December 31, 2016, Vislink’s stock price increased approximately 67% from the stock price as of September 30, 2016.

On February 3, 2017, Vislink (from thereon, referred to as Pebble Beach Systems) completed their disposal of its hardware division and changed its name to Pebble Beach Systems. On February 6, 2017, Pebble Beach Systems announced its financial results for fiscal 2016 which showed a significant increase in operating losses. As of September 29, 2017, Pebble Beach Systems’ stock price had declined approximately 82% from the stock price as of December 31, 2016 and Pebble Beach Systems is currently seeking alternatives to maximize value for its shareholders, which could include a sale of the company. In view of Pebble Beach Systems’ potential sale opportunity, the Company determined that the decline in the fair value of Pebble Beach Systems’ investment is not considered permanent yet, and as a result, the cumulative $0.6 million loss in Pebble Beach Systems’ investment in the nine months ended September 29, 2017 was recorded to other comprehensive loss. The Company’s remaining maximum exposure to loss from the Pebble Beach Systems’ investment at September 29, 2017 was approximately $0.5 million, consisting of the carrying value of $0.2 million and the accumulated unrealized loss of $(0.3) million.

LEASES
The assessmentcomponents of lease expense are as follows:
Three Months Ended
(in thousands)March 29, 2024March 31, 2023
Operating lease cost$1,729 $1,764 
Variable lease cost390 425
Total lease cost$2,119 $2,189 
Supplemental information related to the nature of a decline in fair value is based on, among other things, the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been less than the Company’s cost basis; the financial condition and near-term prospects of the investment; and the Company’s intent and ability to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value.leases are as follows:

Three Months Ended
(in thousands)March 29, 2024March 31, 2023
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities$1,795 $1,828 
Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities (“VIE”)

In 2014, the Company acquired an 18.4% interest in Encoding.com, Inc. (“EDC”), a video transcoding service company headquartered in San Francisco, California, for $3.5 million by purchasing EDC’s Series B preferred stock. EDC is considered a variable interest entity but the Company determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of EDC. As a result, EDC is accounted for as a cost method investment.

The Company determined that there were no indicators existing at September 29, 2017 that would indicate that the EDC investment was impaired. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss from the EDC’s investment at September 29, 2017 was limited to its investment cost of $3.6 million, including $0.1 million of transaction costs.

The Company’s total investments in equity securities of other privately and publicly held companies, as discussed above, were $3.8 million and $4.4 million as of September 29, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and such investments were considered as long-term investments and were included in “Other long-term assets” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.


NOTE 6: DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
The Company uses forward contracts to manage exposures to foreign currency exchange rates. The Company’s primary objective in holding derivative instruments is to reduce the volatility of earnings and cash flows associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and the Company does not use derivative instruments for trading purposes. The use of derivative instruments expose the Company to credit risk to the extent that the counterparties may be unable to meet their contractual obligations, as such, the potential risk of loss with any one counterparty is closely monitored by the Company.
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments (Balance Sheet Hedges)
The Company’s balance sheet hedges consist of foreign currency forward contracts, mature generally within three months, are carried at fair value and are used to minimize the short-term impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuation on cash and certain trade and inter-company receivables and payables. Changes in the fair value of these foreign currency forward contracts are recognized in “Other expense, net” in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and are largely offset by the changes in the fair value of the assets or liabilities being hedged.
The locations and amounts of designated and non-designated derivative instruments’ gains and losses reported in the Company’s Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (“AOCI”) and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations were as follows (in thousands):

   Three months ended Nine months ended
 Financial Statement Location September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:         
Gains in AOCI on derivatives (effective portion)AOCI $—
 $121
 $—
 $279
Gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into income (effective portion)Cost of Revenue $—
 $6
 $—
 $(7)
 Operating Expense —
 41
 —
 (46)
   Total $—
 $47
 $—
 $(53)
Losses recognized in income on derivatives (ineffectiveness portion and amount excluded from effectiveness testing)Other expense, net $—
 $(8) $—
 $(57)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:         
Gains (losses) recognized in incomeOther expense, net $119
 $(162) $(66) $(496)
The U.S. dollar equivalents of all outstanding notional amounts of foreign currency forward contracts, including the Euro, British pound, Israeli shekels, Japanese yen and Mexican peso, are summarized as follows (in thousands):

 September 29, 2017 December 31, 2016
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: 
 
Purchase $12,925
 $4,056
Sell $1,501
 $11,157
The locations and fair value amounts of the Company’s derivative instruments reported in its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows (in thousands):
    Asset Derivatives   Derivative Liabilities
  Balance Sheet Location September 29, 2017 December 31, 2016 Balance Sheet Location September 29, 2017 December 31, 2016
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:            
Foreign currency contracts Prepaid expenses and other current assets $13
 $54
 Accrued Liabilities $45
 $40
Total derivatives   $13
 $54
   $45
 $40
Offsetting of Derivative Assets and Liabilities
The Company recognizes all derivative instruments on a gross basis in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. However, the arrangements with its counterparties allows for net settlement, which are designed to reduce credit risk by permitting net settlement with the same counterparty. As of September 29, 2017, information related to the offsetting arrangements was as follows (in thousands):
        Gross Amounts of Derivatives Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets  
  Gross Amounts of Derivatives Gross Amounts of Derivatives Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts of Derivatives Presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets Financial Instrument Cash Collateral Pledged Net Amount
Derivative Assets $13
 —
 $13
 $(6) —
 $7
Derivative Liabilities $45
 —
 $45
 $(6) —
 $39

In connection with foreign currency derivatives entered in Israel, the Company’s subsidiaries in Israel are required to maintain a compensating balance with their bank at the end of each month. The compensating balance arrangements do not legally restrict the use of cash and as of September 29, 2017, the total compensating balance maintained was $2.5 million.


NOTE 7: FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The applicable accounting guidance establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires disclosure about the fair value measurements of assets and liabilities. This guidance requires the Company to classify and disclose assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as fair value measurements of assets and liabilities measured on a nonrecurring basis in periods subsequent to initial measurement, in a three-tier fair value hierarchy as described below.
The guidance defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability, in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.
Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The guidance describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1 — Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. The Company primarily uses broker quotes for valuation of its short-term investments. The forward exchange contracts are classified as Level 2 because they are valued using quoted market prices and other observable data for similar instruments in an active market.
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
The carrying value of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued and other current liabilities, approximate fair value due to their short maturities.
The Company uses the market approach to measure fair value for its financial assets and liabilities. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The fair value of the Company’s convertible notes is influenced by interest rates, the Company’s stock price and stock market volatility. The estimated fair value of the Company’s convertible notes based on a market approach was approximately $114.2 million and $143.5 million as of September 29, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and represents a Level 2 valuation. The Company’s other debts and capital leases assumed from the TVN acquisition are classified within Level 2 because these borrowings are not actively traded and the majority of them have a variable interest rate structure based upon market rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar terms and maturities. Additionally, the Company considers the carrying amount of its capital lease obligations to approximate their fair value because the weighted average interest rate used to formulate the carrying amounts approximates current market rates. The other debts and capital leases outstanding as of September 29, 2017 were $22.9 million in the aggregate. (See Note 11, “Convertible Notes, Other debts and Capital Leases” for additional information).
The fair value of the Company’s liability for the TVN voluntary departure plan (“TVN VDP”) as of September 29, 2017 of $6.0 million is classified within Level 3 because discount rates which are unobservable in the market were being used to measure the fair value of this liability. (See Note 10, “Restructuring and related Charges-TVN VDP” for additional information). The fair value of the TVN defined pension benefit plan liability of $5.1 million as of September 29, 2017 is disclosed in Note 12, “Employee Benefit Plans and Stock-based Compensation-TVN Retirement Benefit Plan.”
During the nine months endedSeptember 29, 2017, there were no nonrecurring fair value measurements of assets and liabilities subsequent to initial recognition.

The following table sets forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis based on the three-tier fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
As of September 29, 2017       
Cash equivalents       
Money market funds$246
 $—
 $—
 $246
Prepaids and other current assets       
Derivative assets—
 13
 —
 13
Other assets       
Long-term investment200
 —
 —
 200
Total assets measured and recorded at fair value$446
 $13
 $—
 $459
Accrued and other current liabilities       
Derivative liabilities$—
 $45
 $—
 $45
 Accrued TVN VDP, current portion—
 —
 3,519
 3,519
Other non-current liabilities       
        Accrued TVN VDP, long-term portion—
 —
 2,485
 2,485
Total liabilities measured and recorded at fair value$—
 $45
 $6,004
 $6,049
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
As of December 31, 2016       
Cash equivalents       
Money market funds$8,301
 $—
 $—
 $8,301
Corporate bonds—
 6,923
 —
 6,923
Prepaids and other current assets       
Derivative assets—
 54
 —
 54
Other assets       
Long-term investment809
 —
 —
 809
Total assets measured and recorded at fair value$9,110
 $6,977
 $—
 $16,087
Accrued and other current liabilities       
Derivative liabilities$—
 $40
 $—
 $40
        Accrued TVN VDP, current portion—
 —
 6,597
 6,597
Other non-current liabilities       
        Accrued TVN VDP, long-term portion—
 —
 3,053
 3,053
Total liabilities measured and recorded at fair value$—
 $40
 $9,650
 $9,690
NOTE 8: BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTSOTHER FINANCIAL STATEMENT INFORMATION
The following tables provide details of selected balance sheet components (in thousands):components:
Accounts receivable, net:As of
(in thousands)March 29, 2024December 31, 2023
Accounts receivable$108,969 $144,731 
Less: allowances for expected credit losses and sales returns(3,115)(3,200)
Total$105,854 $141,531 
Inventories:As of
(in thousands)March 29, 2024December 31, 2023
Finished goods$36,931 $43,987 
Raw materials36,442 27,806 
Work-in-process5,820 5,056 
Service-related spares7,438 7,133 
Total$86,631 $83,982 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets:As of
(in thousands)March 29, 2024December 31, 2023
Prepaid expenses$3,869 $3,789 
Contract assets4,380 4,772 
Other current assets15,770 12,389 
Total$24,019 $20,950 

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 September 29, 2017
December 31, 2016
Accounts receivable, net:   
Accounts receivable$77,320
 $91,596
Less: allowances for doubtful accounts, returns and discounts(5,738) (4,831)
     Total$71,582
 $86,765
Property and equipment, net:As of
(in thousands)March 29, 2024December 31, 2023
Machinery and equipment$74,964 $74,659 
Capitalized software27,036 27,129 
Leasehold improvements40,873 40,931 
Furniture and fixtures2,557 2,547 
Construction-in-progress2,094 1,789 
Property and equipment, gross147,524 147,055 
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization(112,285)(110,372)
Total$35,239 $36,683 


Other current liabilities:As of
(in thousands)March 29, 2024December 31, 2023
Accrued employee compensation and related expenses$20,360 $22,779 
Other32,685 38,245 
Total$53,045 $61,024 

10
 September 29, 2017
December 31, 2016
Prepaid expenses and other current assets:   
Deferred cost of revenue$6,217
 $6,856
French R&D tax credits receivable(1)
6,475
 5,895
Prepaid maintenance, royalty, rent, property taxes and value added tax4,942
 5,526
Prepaid customer incentive(2)
1,124
 1,162
Restricted cash(3)
803
 731
Other3,121
 6,149
Total$22,682
 $26,319
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NOTE 7: CONVERTIBLE DEBT
(1) The Company’s acquired TVN subsidiary in France2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the “TVN French Subsidiary”“2024 Notes”) participates in the French Crédit d’Impôt Recherche (“CIR”) program (the “R&D tax credits”) which allows companies to monetize eligible research expenses. The R&D tax credits can be used to offset against income tax payable to the French government in each of the four years after being incurred, or if not utilized, are recoverable in cash. The amount of R&D tax credits recoverable are subject to audit by the French government. The R&D tax credit receivables at
In September 29, 2017 were approximately $26.5 million and are expected to be recoverable from 2018 through 2021 with $6.5 million reported under “Prepaid and other Current Assets” and $20.0 million reported under “Other Long-term Assets” on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2) On September 26, 2016,2019, the Company issued a warrant to purchase shares$115.5 million of its common stock (the “Warrant”) to Comcastthe 2024 Notes pursuant to which Comcast may, subjectan indenture (the “2024 Notes Indenture”), dated September 13, 2019, by and between the Company and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association (as successor in interest to certain vesting provisions, purchase upU.S. Bank National Association), as trustee. The 2024 Notes bore interest at a rate of 2.00% per year, payable semi-annually on March 1 and September 1 of each year, beginning March 1, 2020. The 2024 Notes would have matured on September 1, 2024, unless earlier repurchased by the Company, redeemed by the Company or converted pursuant to 7,816,162their terms.
The 2024 Notes were initially convertible into cash, shares of the Company’s common stock, subjector a combination thereof, at the Company’s election, at an initial conversion rate of 115.5001 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2024 Notes (which is equivalent to adjustmentan initial conversion price of approximately $8.66 per share). Pursuant to the supplemental indenture entered into by the Company and the trustee during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, the Company made an irrevocable election to settle the principal amounts of the 2024 Notes solely with cash and may pay or deliver, as the case may be, any conversion value greater than the principal amount in accordancecash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination thereof, at the Company’s election. The conversion rate, and thus the effective conversion price, could be adjusted under certain circumstances, including in connection with conversions made following certain fundamental changes or a notice of redemption and under other circumstances, in each case, as set forth in the 2024 Notes Indenture. The 2024 Notes are recorded at face value less unamortized debt issuance costs. Amortization costs are reported as a component of interest expenses and are computed using the effective interest method.
On January 30, 2024, the Company issued a notice to redeem the outstanding 2024 Notes in full pursuant to the terms of the Warrant, for a per share exercise price of $4.76. The portion2024 Notes Indenture, which gave holders the right to convert their 2024 Notes prior to the redemption date. On April 18, 2024, the Company settled the conversions of the Warrant which vested on September 26, 2016 hadentire $115.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes. In accordance with the provisions of the 2024 Notes Indenture, the Company settled such conversions of the 2024 Notes by paying and delivering, as applicable, in a valuecombination of approximately $1.6$115.5 million in cash and is deemed a customer incentive paid upfront and cumulatively, $0.54.6 million shares of this prepaid incentive has been recorded as a reductionthe Company’s common stock. Refer to Note 14, “Subsequent Event”, of the Notes to the Company’s net revenues from Comcast. condensed consolidated financial statements for details regarding the 2024 Notes redemption.
The remaining $1.1 million of this prepaid incentive is reported as an asset under “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” onfollowing table presents the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 29, 2017. The Company considers this asset to be recoverable based on the expectation of Comcast’s future purchasescomponents of the pertinent products.2024 Notes:
(3)
As of
(in thousands, except for years and percentages)March 29, 2024December 31, 2023
Liability:
Principal amount$115,500 $115,500 
Less: Debt issuance costs, net of amortization(391)(620)
Carrying amount$115,109 $114,880 
The restricted cash balances are held as cash collateral securityfollowing table presents interest expense recognized for certain bank guarantees. These restricted funds are invested in bank deposits and cannot be withdrawn from the Company’s accounts without2024 Notes:
Three Months Ended
(in thousands)March 29, 2024March 31, 2023
Contractual interest expense$578 $578 
Amortization of debt issuance costs229 223 
Total interest expense recognized$807 $801 

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NOTE 8: STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Share-based Compensation Plans
The following table sets forth the prior written consentdetailed allocation of the applicable secured party. Additionally, as of September 29, 2017, the Company had approximately $1.2 million of restricted cash for the bank guarantee associated with the TVN French Subsidiary’s office building lease. This amount is reported under “Other Long-term Assets” on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 September 29, 2017
December 31, 2016
Inventories:   
Raw materials$3,825
 $9,889
Work-in-process1,290
 2,318
Finished goods14,146
 17,776
Service-related spares12,493
 11,210
Total$31,754
 $41,193

 September 29, 2017 December 31, 2016
Property and equipment, net:   
   Machinery and equipment$86,971
 $97,989
   Capitalized software34,496
 34,519
   Leasehold improvements14,745
 14,455
   Furniture and fixtures6,797
 8,993
      Property and equipment, gross143,009
 155,956
      Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization(112,278) (123,792)
         Total$30,731
 $32,164


 September 29, 2017 December 31, 2016
Accrued and other current liabilities:   
   Accrued employee compensation and related expenses$14,866
 $19,377
   Accrued TVN VDP, current (1)
3,519
 6,597
   Accrued warranty4,341
 4,862
   Customer deposits4,526
 4,537
   Contingent inventory reserves3,840
 2,210
   Accrued Avid litigation settlement, current (2)
2,500
 —
   Accrued royalty payments2,325
 1,912
   Others16,911
 15,655
      Total$52,828
 $55,150

(1) See Note 10, “Restructuring and related charges-TVN VDP,” for additional information on the Company’s TVN VDP liabilities.

(2) See Note 18, “Commitments and Contingencies-Legal Proceedings,” for additional information on the Company’s accrual for the Avid litigation settlement.


NOTE 9: GOODWILL AND IDENTIFIED INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the difference between the purchase price and the estimated fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is allocated among and evaluated for impairment at the reporting unit level,share-based compensation expense which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment. The Company has two reporting units, Video and Cable Edge. The Company tests for goodwill impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis, or more frequently, if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset is more likely than not impaired. The Company’s annual goodwill impairment test is performed in the fiscal fourth quarter, with a testing date at the end of October.

During 2016, the Company recorded goodwill of $41.7 million for the TVN acquisition. Goodwill from the TVN acquisition is assigned to the Video reporting unit.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segments for the nine months ended September 29, 2017 were as follows (in thousands):
 Video Cable Edge Total
Balance as of December 31, 2016$176,519
 $60,760
 $237,279
   Foreign currency translation adjustment4,603
 50
 4,653
Balance as of September 29, 2017$181,122
 $60,810
 $241,932
Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assigning assets and liabilities to reporting units, assigning goodwill to reporting units, and determining the fair value of each reporting unit. Significant judgments required to estimate the fair value of reporting units include estimating future cash flows and determining appropriate discount rates, growth rates, an appropriate control premium and other assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value for each reporting unit which could trigger impairment. If the Company’s assumptions and related estimates change in the future, or if the Company’s reporting structure changes or other events and circumstances change (e.g. such as a sustained decreasewas included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations:
 Three Months Ended
(in thousands)March 29, 2024March 31, 2023
Cost of revenue$523 $850 
Research and development expense1,955 2,099 
Selling, general and administrative expense4,445 4,475 
Total$6,923 $7,424 
Restricted Stock Units:
(in thousands, except per share amounts)Number
of
Shares		Weighted Average
Grant-Date Fair Value
Per Share
Balance at December 31, 20233,242 $12.42 
Granted1,412 13.78
Vested(1,278)11.58
Forfeited(91)12.36
Balance at March 29, 20243,285 $13.34 
The Company’s stock price)benefit plans include the 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) and current active stock plans adopted in 1995 and 2002 (“1995 Stock Plan” and “2002 Director Plan”, respectively). Refer to Note 12, “Employee Benefit Plans” of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2023 Form 10-K for details pertaining to each plan.
As of March 29, 2024, an aggregate of 7,301,248 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the 1995 Stock Plan, of which 4,223,142 shares remained available for future grants. As of March 29, 2024, an aggregate of 595,887 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the 2002 Director Plan, of which 388,881 shares remained available for future grants.
Share Repurchase Program
In February 2022, the Board of Directors of the Company (“Board”) authorized the Company to repurchase up to $100 million of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock through February 2025. The Company is authorized to repurchase, from time-to-time, shares of its outstanding common stock through open market purchases and 10b5-1 trading plans, in accordance with applicable rules and regulations, at such time and such prices as management may decide. The program does not obligate the Company to repurchase any specific number of shares and may be requireddiscontinued at any time. The actual timing and amount of repurchases are subject to record impairment charges in future periods. Any impairment charges thatbusiness and market conditions, corporate and regulatory requirements, stock price, acquisition opportunities and other factors.
During the Company may take inthree months ended March 29, 2024, the future could be material to its resultscompany repurchased and retired approximately 1.7 million shares of operations and financial condition.
The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment review at October 31, 2016. Based on the impairment test performed, management concluded that goodwill was not impaired asCompany’s common stock for an aggregate amount of $21.7 million. As of March 29, 2024, approximately $73.2 million of the Video and Cable Edge reporting units had estimated fair values in excess of their carrying value by approximately 67% and 123%, respectively.
The Company has not recorded any impairment charges related to goodwillshare repurchase authorization remained available for any prior periods.

Intangible Assets
The following is a summary of intangible assets (in thousands):repurchases under this program.

12
   September 29, 2017 December 31, 2016
 Weighted Average Remaining Life (Years) 
Gross Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net Carrying
Amount
 
Gross Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net Carrying
Amount
Developed core technology2.4 $31,707
 $(19,101) $12,606
 $31,707
 $(15,216) $16,491
Customer relationships/contracts3.4 44,748
 (34,425) 10,323
 44,384
 (32,098) 12,286
Trademarks and trade names2.4 641
 (254) 387
 573
 (119) 454
Maintenance agreements and related relationshipsN/A 5,500
 (5,500) —
 5,500
 (5,500) —
Order BacklogN/A 3,011
 (3,011) —
 3,011
 (3,011) —
Total identifiable intangibles  $85,607
 $(62,291) $23,316
 $85,175
 $(55,944) $29,231

Amortization expense for the identifiable purchased intangible assets for the three and nine months endedSeptember 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 was allocated as follows (in thousands):
Table of Contents
 Three months ended Nine months ended
 September 29,
2017		 September 30,
2016		 September 29,
2017		 September 30,
2016
Included in cost of revenue$1,295
 $1,380
 $3,885
 $3,105
Included in operating expenses793
 3,009
 2,347
 9,606
Total amortization expense$2,088
 $4,389
 $6,232
 $12,711
The estimated future amortization expense of purchased intangible assets with definite lives is as follows (in thousands):
 Cost of Revenue 
Operating
Expenses
 Total
Year ended December 31,     
2017 (remaining three months)$1,296
 $794
 $2,090
20185,180
 3,182
 8,362
20195,180
 3,182
 8,362
2020950
 3,048
 3,998
2021—
 504
 504
Total future amortization expense$12,606
 $10,710
 $23,316

NOTE 10: RESTRUCTURING AND RELATED CHARGES9: FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Company implemented several restructuring plansapplicable accounting guidance establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires disclosure about the fair value measurements of assets and liabilities. This guidance defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability, in the past few years. The goalprincipal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of these plans wasobservable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. This guidance requires the Company to bring operational expensesclassify and disclose assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as fair value measurements of assets and liabilities measured on a nonrecurring basis in periods subsequent to appropriate levels relativeinitial measurement, in a three-tier fair value hierarchy as follows:
•Level 1 - Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
•Level 2 - Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
•Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to its net revenues, while simultaneously implementing extensive company-wide expense control programs.the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
The Companycarrying value of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts for its restructuring plans under the authoritative guidance for exit or disposal activities. The restructuringreceivable, accounts payable and related charges are included in “Product cost of revenue” and “Operating expenses-restructuring and related charges” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. accrued liabilities, approximate fair value due to their short maturities.
The following table summarizessets forth the restructuring and related chargesfair value of the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis based on the three-tier fair value hierarchy (in thousands):

March 29, 2024December 31, 2023
(in thousands)
Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Cash equivalents
Money market funds$32,835 $— $— $32,835 $23,683 $— $— $23,683 
 Three months ended Nine months ended
 September 29,
2017
September 30,
2016		 September 29,
2017		 September 30,
2016
Restructuring and related charges in:       
Product cost of revenue$549
 $(1) $1,335
 $(24)
Operating expenses-Restructuring and related charges2,028
 (27) 4,084
 4,488
Total restructuring and related charges$2,577
 $(28) $5,419
 $4,464
Harmonic 2016 Restructuring
In the first quarter of 2016, the Company implemented a new restructuring plan (the “Harmonic 2016 Restructuring Plan”) to streamline the corporate organization, thereby reducing operating costs by consolidating duplicative resources in connection with the acquisition of TVN. The planned activities have primarily resulted, and will primarily result, in cash expenditures related to severance and related benefits and exiting certain operating facilities and disposing of excess assets. In the second quarter of 2016, the Company also initiated the TVN VDP in France to streamline the organization of the TVN French Subsidiary.

In 2016, the Company recorded an aggregate of $20.0 million of restructuring and related charges under the Harmonic 2016 Restructuring Plan, of which $2.2 million was primarily related to the Company exiting from an excess facility at its U.S. headquarters and the remaining $17.8 million was related to severance and benefits for the termination of 118 employees worldwide, including 83 employees in France who participated in the TVN VDP. (See details of TVN VDP described below). Additionally, the restructuring and related charges under the Harmonic 2016 Restructuring Plan in 2016 were partially offset by approximately $2.0 million of gain from TVN pension curtailment. For the employees who participated in the TVN VDP, their pension benefit is funded by the TVN VDP and, as a result, the TVN defined benefit pension plan was remeasured at December 31, 2016, which resulted in a non-cash curtailment gain. This gain was recorded as an offset to restructuring and related costs in 2016.
The Company also incurred $16.9 million of TVN acquisition- and integration-related expenses in 2016 and another $2.7 million in the nine months ended September 29, 2017. The Company expects to continue to have some TVN integration-related costs throughout the remainder of 2017, primarily consisting of outside legal and advisory fees relating to the re-organization of TVN’s legal entities. (See Note 3, “Business Acquisition,” for additional informationCompany’s financial instruments not recorded at fair value on TVN acquisition-and integration-related expenses).a recurring basis were as follows:
In the three and nine months ended September 29, 2017, the Company recorded $0.1 million and $2.9 million of restructuring and related charges under the Harmonic 2016 Restructuring Plan, respectively. The restructuring and related charges under the Harmonic 2016 Restructuring Plan in the nine months ended September 29, 2017 consisted of $1.8 million of TVN VDP charges and $1.1 million of severance for 21 non-VDP employees worldwide who were terminated under this plan during the first six months of 2017.
March 29, 2024December 31, 2023
CarryingFair ValueCarryingFair Value
(in thousands)
ValueLevel 1Level 2Level 3ValueLevel 1Level 2Level 3
2024 Notes$115,109 $— $181,855 $— $114,880 $— $177,405 $— 

TVN VDP

During 2016, the Company consulted and worked with the works council for the TVN French Subsidiary and applicable union representatives to establish a voluntary departure plan to enable French employees of TVN to voluntarily terminate with certain benefits. A total of 83 employees applied for the TVN VDP and were duly approved by the Company in the fourth quarter of 2016. The total TVN VDP costs, including severance, certain benefits and taxes, as well as administration costs, is estimated at approximately $15.3 million, in aggregate, at the inception of the plan and will be paid over a period of four years, based on the TVN VDP terms agreed with each employee. The total final payout to the employees may be different from the initial estimates depending on the final social charges imputed on each employee’s total income and benefits received. The Company does not expect the final payout to be materially different from the initial estimates. The fair value of the total TVN VDP liability at inception was estimated to be approximately $14.8 million.
The Company accounts for these special termination benefits in accordance with ASC 712, “Compensation - Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits,” which requires thatCompany’s convertible notes is influenced by interest rates, the special termination benefits be recognized as a liability and a loss beginning when an employee accepts the offer of voluntary termination and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Where an employee is required to work beyond a minimum statutory notice period, the cost of the special termination benefit is recognized as an expense over the employee’s remaining service period. Where the employee is not required to work beyond a minimum statutory notice period, the cost of the special termination benefit is recognized upon the date the employee accepts the offer of voluntary termination, provided that the amount of the benefit can be estimated. Out of the 83 employees who applied for TVN VDP, 11 of them are

required to work beyond the minimum statutory notice period into 2017. Based on the application of the accounting guidance, the Company recorded $1.8 million and $13.1 million of TVN VDP costs in the first nine months of 2017 and in the year ended 2016, respectively. Cumulatively, the Company had paid an aggregate of $9.7 million of TVN VDP costs, of which $3.5 million was paid in 2016 and $6.2 million was paid in 2017. The fair value of the TVN VDP liability balance at September 29, 2017 was $6.0 million.
The table below shows the estimated future payments for TVN VDP as of September 29, 2017 (in thousands):
Years ending December 31, 
2017 (remaining three months)$1,145
20182,937
20191,379
2020543
Total$6,004
Excess Facility in San Jose, California

In January 2016, the Company exited an excess facility at its U.S. headquarters in San Jose, California and recorded $1.4 million in facility exit costs. The fair value of these liabilities is based on a net present value model using a credit-adjusted risk-free rate. The liability will be paid out over the remainder of the leased properties’ terms, which continue through August 2020. As of the cease-use date, the fair value of this restructuring liability totaled $2.5 million. Offsetting these charges was an adjustment for deferred rent liability relating to this space of $1.1 million. In December 2016, as a result of a change in estimated sublease income, the restructuring liability was increased by $0.6 million.

The following table summarizes the activity in the Company’s restructuring accrual related to the Harmonic 2016 Restructuring Plan during the nine months ended September 29, 2017 (in thousands):
 Excess facilities 
VDP (1)
 
Severance and benefits (2)
 Total
Balance at December 31, 2016$2,375
 $9,650
 $1,519
 $13,544
Charges for 2016 Harmonic Restructuring Plan73
 1,781
 1,137
 2,991
Adjustments to restructuring provisions—
 —
 (7) (7)
Cash payments(921) (6,232) (2,512) (9,665)
Foreign exchange gain—
 805
 36
 841
Balance at September 29, 20171,527
 6,004
 173
 7,704
Less: current portion (3)
(730) (3,519) (173) (4,422)
Long-term portion (3)
$797
 $2,485
 $—
 $3,282

(1) See discussion of the TVN VDP above for future estimated payments through 2020.
(2) The Company anticipates that the remaining severance and benefits accrual at September 29, 2017 will be fully paid in 2017.
(3) The current portion and long-term portion of the restructuring liability are reported under “Accrued and other current liabilities” and “Other non-current liabilities”, respectively, on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Harmonic 2017 Restructuring
In the third quarter of 2017, the Company committed to a new restructuring plan (the “Harmonic 2017 Restructuring Plan”) to better align its operating costs with the continued decline in its net revenues. The restructuring activities under the Harmonic 2017 Restructuring Plan primarily consisted of global workforce reductions and an excess facility closure.

In the three and nine months ended September 29, 2017, the Company recorded $2.4 million of restructuring and related charges under the Harmonic 2017 Restructuring Plan consisting of $2.1 million of employee severance and $0.3 million related to the closure of the Company’s research and development office in New York.

The following table summarizes the activity in the Company’s restructuring accrual related to the Harmonic 2017

Restructuring Plan during the three months ended September 29, 2017 (in thousands):

 Excess facilities Non-VDP Severance and benefits Total
Charges for 2017 Restructuring Plan318
 2,117
 2,435
Cash payments(45) (1,593) (1,638)
Non-cash write-offs58
 —
 58
Balance at September 29, 2017331
 524
 855
Less: current portion (1)
(160) (524) (684)
Long-term portion (2)
$171
 $—
 $171
(1) The Company anticipates that the remaining severance and benefits accrual at September 29, 2017 will be fully paid within the next twelve months.
(2) The current portion and long-term portion of the restructuring liability are reported under “Accrued and other current liabilities” and “Other non-current liabilities”, respectively, on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

NOTE 11: CONVERTIBLE NOTES, OTHER DEBTS AND CAPITAL LEASES
4.00% Convertible Senior Notes
In December 2015, the Company issued $128.25 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.0% unsecured convertible senior notes due December 1, 2020 (the “offering” or “Notes”, as applicable) through a private placement with a financial institution. The Notes do not contain any financial covenants and the Company can settle the Notes in cash, shares of common stock, or any combination thereof. The Notes can be converted under certain circumstances described below, based on an initial conversion rate of 173.9978 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes (which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $5.75  per share). Interest on the Notes is payable semiannually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year.
Concurrent with the closing of the offering, the Company used $49.9 million of the net proceeds to repurchase 11.1 million shares of the Company’s common stock from purchasers of the offering in privately negotiated transactions. In addition, the Company incurred approximately $4.1 million in debt issuance costs resulting in net proceeds to the Company of approximately $74.2 million, which was used to fund the TVN acquisition.
Prior to September 1, 2020, holders of the Notes may convert the Notes at their option only under the following circumstances: (1) during any fiscal quarter commencing after the fiscal quarter ending on April 1, 2016, if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price of the Notes on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and stock market volatility. The difference between the carrying value and the fair value is primarily due to the spread between the conversion rate on each such trading day; or (3) uponprice and the occurrence of specified corporate events. Commencing on September 1, 2020 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, the Notes will be convertible in multiples of $1,000 principal amount regardlessmarket value of the foregoing circumstances.shares underlying the conversion as of each respective balance sheet date.
If a fundamental change occurs, holders

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NOTE 10: NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) for the Notes may requireperiod by the Company to purchase all or any portionweighted-average number of their Notescommon shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method for cash at a repurchase price equal to 100% ofthe Company’s stock options, restricted stock units, and shares issuable under the ESPP, and the if-converted method for the 2024 Notes.
As noted in Note 7, “Convertible Debt,” the principal amount of the 2024 Notes was required to be repurchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding,settled in cash. Therefore, for the fundamental change repurchase date. In addition, if specific corporate events occur prior to the maturity date,purpose of calculating diluted net income (loss) per share, it is assumed that the conversion rate may be increased for a holder who elects to convert the Notes in connection with such a corporate event.
In accounting for the issuance of the Notes, the Company separated the Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fairspread value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the initial proceeds of the Notes as a whole. The difference between the initial proceeds of the Notes and the liability component (the “debt discount”) of $26.9 million is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the Notes. The equity component of the Notes is included in additional paid-in capital in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.

In accounting for the transaction costs related to the issuance of the Notes, the Company allocated the total amount of $4.1 million to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the proceeds from the Notes. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component were $3.2 million and were recorded as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the debt liability in long-term liability in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and are being amortized to interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations using the effective interest method over the term of the Notes. Transaction costs attributable to the equity component were $0.9 million and were netted with the equity component of the Notes in additional paid-in capital in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The following table presents the components of the Notes as of September 29, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands, except for years and percentages):
 September 29, 2017 December 31, 2016
Liability:   
  Principal amount$128,250
 $128,250
  Less: Debt discount, net of amortization(18,680) (22,302)
  Less: Debt issuance costs, net of amortization(2,252) (2,689)
  Carrying amount$107,318
 $103,259
  Remaining amortization period (years)3.2
 3.9
  Effective interest rate on liability component9.94% 9.94%
    
Equity:   
  Value of conversion option$26,925
 $26,925
  Less: Equity issuance costs(863) (863)
  Carrying amount$26,062
 $26,062
The following table presents interest expense recognized for the Notes (in thousands):

 Three months ended Nine months ended
 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016
Contractual interest expense$1,283
 $1,283
 $3,848
 $3,848
Amortization of debt discount1,235
 1,117
 3,623
 3,274
Amortization of debt issuance costs149
 135
 437
 395
  Total interest expense recognized$2,667
 $2,535
 $7,908
 $7,517

Other Debts and Capital Leases

In connection with the TVN acquisition, the Company assumed a variety of debt and credit facilities in France to satisfy the financing requirements of TVN operations. These arrangements are summarized in the table below (in thousands):
 September 29, 2017 December 31, 2016
Financing from French government agencies related to various government incentive programs (1)
$20,205
 $17,930
Term loans (2)
1,334
 1,400
Obligations under capital leases1,334
 1,860
  Total debt obligations22,873
 21,190
  Less: current portion(7,434) (7,275)
  Long-term portion$15,439
 $13,915
(1) As of September 29, 2017, the Company’s TVN French Subsidiary had an aggregate of $20.2 million of loans due to various financing programs of French government agencies, $17.3 million of which are related to loans backed by R&D tax credit receivables. As of September 29, 2017, the TVN French Subsidiary had an aggregate of $26.5 million of R&D tax credit receivables from the French government from 2018 through 2021. (See Note 8, “Balance Sheet Components-Prepaid expenses

and other current assets,” for more information). These tax loans have a fixed rate of 0.6%, plus EURIBOR 1 month + 1.3% and mature between 2018 through 2020. The remaining loans of $2.9 million at September 29, 2017 primarily relate to financial support from French government agencies for R&D innovation projects at minimal interest rates and these loans mature between 2020 through 2023.

(2) One of the term loans with a certain financial institution contains annual covenants that require the TVN French Subsidiary to maintain a minimum working capital balance and various other financial covenants and restrictions that limit the French Subsidiary’s ability to incur additional indebtedness. The annual covenant is based on French statutory year-end results and the TVN French Subsidiary failed the 2016 covenant test primarily due to the Company’s plan to integrate TVN’s operations into other subsidiaries for tax planning and logistics purposes. In early 2017, the Company informed the financial institution of the 2016 covenant test results and was told by the financial institution to continue with the original payment schedule. The Company reported the entire loan balance with this financial institution under “Other debts and capital lease obligations, current” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The loan balance was approximately $0.4 million at both September 29, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Future minimum repayments

The table below shows the future minimum repayments of debts and capital lease obligations for TVN as of September 29, 2017 (in thousands):

Years ending December 31,Capital lease obligations Other Debt obligations
2017 (remaining three months)$305
 $616
2018864
 6,058
201993
 6,995
202050
 6,800
202122
 505
Thereafter—
 565
Total$1,334
 $21,539

Line of Credit
On September 27, 2017, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with Silicon Valley Bank (the “Bank”). The Loan Agreement provides for a secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $15.0 million. Under the terms of the Loan Agreement, the principal amount of loans, plus the face amount of any outstanding letters of credit, at any time cannot exceed up to 85% of the Company’s eligible receivables. Prior to November 1, 2017, the Company may borrow up to $7.5 million in excess of the borrowing base limit, calculated based on eligible accounts receivable balances. Under the terms of the Loan Agreement, the Company may also request letters of credit from the Bank. The proceeds of any loans under the Loan Agreement will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes.
There were no borrowings under the Loan Agreement from the closing of the Loan Agreement through September 29, 2017.
Loans under the Loan Agreement will bear interest, at the Company’s option, and subject to certain conditions, at an annual rate of either a prime rate or a LIBOR rate (each as customarily defined), plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin for LIBOR rate advances is 2.25%. There will be no applicable margin for prime rate advances when the Company issettled in compliance with the liquidity requirement of at least $20.0 million in the aggregate of consolidated cash plus availability under the Loan Agreement (the “Liquidity Requirement”) and a 0.25% margin for prime rate advances when the Company is not in compliance with the Liquidity Requirement. The Company may not request LIBOR advances when it is not in compliance with the Liquidity Requirement. Interest on each advance is due and payable monthly and the principal balance is due at maturity.
The Company’s obligations under the revolving credit facility are secured by a security interest on substantially all of its assets, excluding intellectual property.
The Loan Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants limiting the Company’s ability and the ability of the Company’s subsidiaries, to, among other things, dispose of assets, undergo a change in control, merge or consolidate, make acquisitions, incur debt, incur liens, pay dividends, enter into affiliate transactions, repurchase stock and make investments, in each case subject to certain exceptions. The Company must comply with financial covenants requiring it to maintain (i) a short-term asset to short-term liabilities ratio of at least 1.10 to 1.00 and (ii) minimum adjusted EBITDA, in the amounts and for the

periods as set forth in the Loan Agreement. The Company must also maintain a minimum liquidity amount, comprised of unrestricted cash held at accounts with the Bank plus proceeds available to be drawn under the Loan Agreement, equal to (i) at least $15.0 million at all times on or prior to October 31, 2017 and (ii) at least $10.0 million at all times on and after November 1, 2017. As of September 29, 2017, the Company was in compliance with the covenants under the Loan Agreement.

NOTE 12: EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Equity Award Plans
The Company’s stock benefit plans include the employee stock purchase plan and current active stock plans adopted in 1995 and 2002 as well as one stock plan in connection with an acquisition in 2010. See Note 13, “Employee Benefit Plans and Stock-based Compensation” of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2016 Form 10-K for details pertaining to each plan.
The Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the 1995 Stock Plan at the Company’s 2017 annual meeting of stockholders (the “2017 Annual Meeting”) which increased the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 1995 Stock Plan by 7,000,000 shares. The Company’s stockholders also approved an amendment to the 2002 Director Stock Plan at the 2017 Annual Meeting which increased the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2002 Director Stock Plan by 400,000 shares.
The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance-based stock awards (“PRSUs”) and market-based awards activities during the nine months ended September 29, 2017 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
   Stock Options Outstanding RSUs Outstanding**
 
Shares
Available for
Grant
 
Number
of
Shares
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
 
Number
of
Units
 
Weighted
Average
Grant
Date Fair
Value
Balance at December 31, 20163,912
 5,019
 $6.01
 3,864
 $4.26
Authorized7,400
 —
 —
 —
 —
Granted*(4,446) 30
 5.10
 2,943
 5.40
Options exercised—
 (97) 3.03
 —
 —
Shares released—
 —
 —
 (2,244) 4.12
Forfeited*2,490
 (717) 5.95
 (1,182) 5.05
Balance at September 29, 20179,356
 4,235
 $6.09
 3,381
 $5.04
* Grants of RSUs and any non-statutory stock options issued at prices less than the fair market value on the date of grant decrease the plan reserve 1.5 shares for every unit or share granted and any forfeitures of these awards due to their not vesting would increase the plan reserve by 1.5 shares for every unit or share forfeited.
** The preceding table includes PRSUs and market-based award activities during the nine months ended September 29, 2017.
Performance-based awards (PRSUs)
In August 2016, the Company granted 898,533 shares of PRSUs to fund a portion of its 2016 incentive bonus payment obligations to its key executives and other eligible employees. From March 2017 through April 2017, the Company granted another 582,806 PRSUs to fund its first half 2017 incentive bonus payment obligations. The vesting of the PRSUs is based on the achievement of certain financial and non-financial operating goals of the Company and vesting occurs within three to six months from the grant date. Each quarterly period, the Company estimates the probability of the achievement of these performance goals and recognizes any related stock-based compensation expense. If the achievement of such performance goals is not probable, no compensation expense is recognized.
Market-based awards

In the nine months ended September 29, 2017, the Company granted 344,500 RSUs to its key executives and certain eligible employees that may vest during a three-year period as part of its long-term incentive program. The vesting conditions of these

awards are tied to the market value of the Company's common stock. The fair value of these shares was estimated using a Monte-Carlo simulation.

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding as of September 29, 2017 (in thousands, except per share amounts and terms):
 
Number
of
Shares
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Vested and expected to vest4,176
 $6.10
 3.1 $84
Exercisable3,505
 6.31
 2.7 84
The intrinsic value of options vested and expected to vest and exercisable as of September 29, 2017 is calculated based on the difference between the exercise price and the fair value of the Company’s common stock as of September 29, 2017. The intrinsic value of options exercised is calculated based on the difference between the exercise price and the fair value of the Company’s common stock as of the exercise date. The intrinsic value of options exercised during the three and nine months ended September 29, 2017 was $6,000 and $0.3 million, respectively. The intrinsic value of options exercised during both the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2016 was $0.1 million.

The following table summarizes information about RSUs and PRSUs outstanding as of September 29, 2017 (in thousands, except term):
 
Number of
Shares
Underlying
Restricted
Stock
Units
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Vesting
Period
(Years)
 
Aggregate
Fair
Value
Vested and expected to vest2,759
 0.8 $8,415
The fair value of RSUs and PRSUs vested and expected to vest as of September 29, 2017 is calculated based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock as of September 29, 2017.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”)
The Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) at the 2017 Annual Meeting which increased the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP by 1,500,000 shares. As of September 29, 2017, the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the ESPP was 1,114,796. In the event that there are insufficient shares in the plan to fully fund the issuance, the available shares will be allocated across all participants based on their contributions relative to the total contributions received for the offering period.
Retirement Benefit Plan
As part of the TVN acquisition the Company assumed obligations under a defined benefit pension plan. The plan is unfunded and there are no contributions to the plan required by any laws or funding regulations, discretionary contributions or non-cash contributions expected to be made. The table below shows the components of net periodic benefit costs (in thousands):
 Three months ended Nine months ended
 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 September 29,
2017		 September 30,
2016
Service cost$55
 $70
 $165
 $164
Interest cost16
 29
 48
 68
Recognized net actuarial loss1
 —
 4
 —
  Net periodic benefit cost included in operating loss$72
 $99
 $217
 $232
The present value of the Company’s pension obligation as of September 29, 2017 was $5.1 million, of which $55,000 was reported under “Accrued and other liabilities” and $5.0 million was reported under “Other non-current liabilities” on the Company’s

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The present value of the Company’s pension obligation as of December 31, 2016 was $4.3 million.

401(k) Plan
The Company has a retirement/savings plan for its U.S. employees, which qualifies as a thrift plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. This plan allows participants to contribute up to the applicable Internal Revenue Code limitations under the plan. The Company has made discretionary contributions to the plan of 25% of the first 4% contributed by eligible participants, up to a maximum contribution per participant of $1,000 per year. The contributions for the nine months ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 were $326,000 and $316,000, respectively.

Stock-based Compensation
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense for all plans (in thousands):
 Three months ended Nine months ended
 September 29,
2017		 September 30,
2016		 September 29,
2017		 September 30,
2016
Stock-based compensation in:       
Cost of revenue$478
 $360
 $1,623
 $1,011
Research and development expense1,183
 771
 3,496
 2,581
Selling, general and administrative expense2,059
 1,549
 5,988
 4,950
Total stock-based compensation in operating expense3,242
 2,320
 9,484
 7,531
Total stock-based compensation$3,720
 $2,680
 $11,107
 $8,542
As of September 29, 2017, the Company had approximately $13.5 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options and awards that are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.6 years.
Valuation Assumptions
The Company estimates the fair value of employee stock options and stock purchase rights under the ESPP using a Black-Scholes option valuation model. The value of the stock purchase rights under the ESPP consists of: (1) the 15% discount on the purchase of the stock; (2) 85% of the fair value of the call option; and (3) 15% of the fair value of the put option. The call option and put option were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. At the date of grant, the Company estimated the fair value of each stock option grant and stock purchase right granted under the ESPP using the following weighted average assumptions:
 Employee Stock Options
 Three months ended Nine months ended
 September 30,
2016		 September 29,
2017		 September 30,
2016
Expected term (years)4.30
 4.60
 4.30
Volatility39% 43% 36%
Risk-free interest rate1.0% 1.7% 1.4%
Expected dividends0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
There were no employee stock options granted in the three months ended September 29, 2017.

 ESPP Purchase Period Ending
 December 31,
2017		 June 30,
2017		 December 31,
2016		 July 1,
2016
Expected term (years)0.50
 0.49
 0.50
 0.5
Volatility43% 41% 70% 54%
Risk-free interest rate1.2% 1.0% 0.6% 0.4%
Expected dividends0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Estimated weighted average fair value per share at purchase date$1.42 $1.40 $1.04 $1.19
The expected term of the employee stock options represents the weighted-average period that the stock options are expected to remain outstanding. The computation of the expected term was determined based on historical experience of similar awards, giving consideration to the contractual terms of the stock-based awards, vesting schedules and expectations of future employee behavior. The expected term of the stock purchase rights under the ESPP represents the period of time from the beginning of the offering period to the purchase date. The Company uses its historical volatility for a period equivalent to the expected term of the options to estimate the expected volatility. The risk-free interest rate that the Company uses in the Black-Scholes option valuation model is based on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with remaining terms similar to the expected term. The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends and does not plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future, and, therefore, used an expected dividend yield of zero in the valuation model.
Prior to January 1, 2017, stock-based compensation expense was recorded net of estimated forfeitures in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and, accordingly, was recorded for only those stock-based awards that the Company expected to vest. Upon the adoption of the accounting standard update (ASU 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based payments”) issued by FASB, effective January 1, 2017, the Company changed its accounting policy to account for forfeitures as they occur. The change was applied on a modified retrospective approach with a cumulative effect adjustment of $69,000 to retained earnings as of January 1, 2017 (which increased the accumulated deficit).
The Company estimated the fair value of the market-based awards granted in March 2017 on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation with the following assumptions: volatility 46.7%, risk-free interest rate 1.57% and dividend yield of 0%.
Total compensation cost recognized related to these market-based awards was approximately $0.4 million and $0.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2017, respectively. As of September 29, 2017, $0.5 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to these awards is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 0.56 years.

The weighted-average fair value per share of options granted was $1.00 for the three months ended September 30, 2016. There were no options granted during the three months ended September 29, 2017. The weighted-average fair value per share of options granted was $1.85 and $0.97 for the nine months ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016, respectively.

The fair value of all stock options vested during the three months ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 was $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The fair value of all stock options vested during the nine months ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 was $1.4 million and $1.8 million, respectively.

There were no realized tax benefits attributable to stock options exercised in jurisdictions where this expense is deductible for tax purposes for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016, respectively.

The aggregate fair value of RSUs and PRSUs released during the three months ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 was $1.9 million and $1.6 million, respectively. The aggregate fair value of RSUs and PRSUs released during the nine months ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 was $9.2 million and $8.6 million, respectively.



NOTE 13: INCOME TAXES
The Company reported the following operating results for the periods presented (in thousands):
 Three months ended Nine months ended
 September 29,
2017		 September 30,
2016		 September 29,
2017		 September 30,
2016
Loss before income taxes$(17,498) $(16,254) $(72,678) $(61,353)
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes(1,915) (242) (1,568) 518
Effective income tax rate10.9% 1.5%
2.2%
(0.8)%
The Company operates in multiple jurisdictions and its profits are taxed pursuant to the tax laws of these jurisdictions. The Company’s effective income tax rate may be affected by changes in, or interpretations of tax laws and tax agreements in any given jurisdiction, utilization of net operating loss and tax credit carry forwards, changes in geographical mix of income and expense, and changes in management’s assessment of matters such as the ability to realize deferred tax assets. The Company’s effective tax rate varies from year to year primarily due to the absence of several onetime, discrete items that benefited or decremented the tax rates in the previous years.
The Company’s effective income tax rate of 2.2% for the nine months ended September 29, 2017 was different from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35%, primarily due to the Company’s geographical income mix and favorable tax rates associated with certain earnings from operations in lower-tax jurisdictions, partially offset by the increase in the valuation allowance against U.S. federal, California and other state deferred tax assets and detriment from non-deductible stock-based compensation. In addition, in the first quarter of 2017, the Company was able to recognize a one-time tax benefit of approximately $1.2 million as a result of the merger of the Company’s two subsidiaries in Israel, which was approved by the Israeli government in the first quarter of 2017. In the third quarter of 2017, the Company recorded $2.4 million of tax benefit associated with the release of tax reserves for uncertain tax positions resulting from the expiration of the statutes of limitations on the Company’s US corporate tax returns for the 2013 tax year. For the nine months ended September 29, 2017, the remaining discrete adjustments to the Company's tax expense were primarily withholding taxes and the accrual of interest on uncertain tax positions.
The Company's effective income tax rate of (0.8)% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was different from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35%, primarily due to favorable tax rates associated with certain earnings from operations in lower-tax jurisdictions, and the tax benefit from the realization of certain deferred tax assets as a result of the TVN acquisition, partially offset by the increase in the valuation allowance against U.S. federal, California and other state deferred tax assets, detriment from non-deductible stock-based compensation, non-deductible amortization of foreign intangibles, and the net of various discrete tax adjustments.
The Company files U.S. federal and state, and foreign income tax returns in jurisdictions with varying statutes of limitations during which such tax returns may be audited and adjusted by the relevant tax authorities. The 2014 through 2016 tax years generally remain subject to examination by U.S. federal and most state tax authorities. In significant foreign jurisdictions, the 2007 through 2016 tax years generally remain subject to examination by their respective tax authorities. In 2016, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service concluded its examination of the Company’s income tax return for the tax year 2012, which commenced in August 2015. In addition, a subsidiary of the Company was under audit for the 2012 and 2013 tax years, which commenced in 2015, by the Israel tax authority and concluded with no adjustment. If, upon the conclusion of an audit, the ultimate determination of taxes owed in the jurisdictions under audit is for an amount in excess of the tax provision the Company has recorded in the applicable period, the Company’s overall tax expense, effective tax rate, operating results and cash flow could be materially and adversely impacted in the period of adjustment.
The Company’s operations in Switzerland are subject to a reduced tax rate under the Switzerland tax holiday which requires various thresholds of investment and employment in Switzerland. The Company has met these various thresholds and the Switzerland tax holiday is effective through the end of 2018.
As of September 29, 2017, the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, was approximately $17.6 million, of which $0.7 million would affect the Company’s effective tax rate if the benefits are eventually recognized. The remaining gross unrecognized tax benefit does not affect the Company’s effective tax rate as it relates to positions that would be settled with tax attributes such as net operating loss carryforward or tax credits previously subject to a valuation allowance. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax positions in income tax expense. The Company had $0.4 million of gross interest and penalties accrued as of September 29, 2017. The Company will continue to review its tax positions and provide for, or reverse, unrecognized tax benefits as issues arise. As of September 29, 2017, the Company anticipates that the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits will decrease up to approximately $0.5 million due to expiration of the applicable statutes of limitations over the next 12 months.

In March 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standard update for the accounting of share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities and classification on the statement of cash flows. The new standard eliminated the requirement to report excess tax benefits and certain tax deficiencies related to share-based payment transactions as additional paid-in capital. It also removes the requirement to delay recognition of a windfall tax benefit until it reduces current taxes payable. Under the new guidance, the benefit will be recorded when it arises, subject to normal valuation allowance considerations. The Company adopted this new accounting standard beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2017 using a modified-retrospective transition method and recorded a cumulative effect of $4.6 million of additional gross deferred tax asset associated with shared-based payment and an offsetting valuation allowance of the same amount, therefore resulting in no net impact to the Company’s beginning retained earnings.

In October 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standard update which requires companies to recognize the income tax consequences of all intra-entity sales of assets other than inventory when they occur. As a result, a reporting entity would recognize the tax expense from the sale of the asset in the seller’s tax jurisdiction when the transfer occurs, even though the pre-tax effects of that transaction are eliminated in consolidation. Any deferred tax asset that arises in the buyer’s jurisdiction would also be recognized at the time of the transfer. The Company early adopted this accounting standard update during the first quarter of fiscal 2017 on a modified retrospective approach and recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment of $1.4 million to the retained earnings as of January 1, 2017 (which reduced the accumulated deficit). Correspondingly, in the first quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company recognized an additional $1.1 million of net deferred tax assets, after netting with $2.1 million of valuation allowance, and write off the remaining $0.3 million of unamortized tax expenses deferred under the previous guidance to provision for income taxes in the first quarter of fiscal 2017.

NOTE 14: NET LOSS PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted net lossincome per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):share:
 Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share amounts)March 29, 2024March 31, 2023
Numerator:
Net income (loss)$(8,089)$5,093 
Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding:
Basic112,350 110,794 
2024 Notes— 4,964 
Restricted stock units— 2,000 
Diluted112,350 117,758 
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic$(0.07)$0.05 
Diluted$(0.07)$0.04 
 Three months ended Nine months ended
 September 29,
2017		 September 30,
2016		 September 29,
2017		 September 30,
2016
Numerator:       
Net loss$(15,583) $(16,012) $(71,110) $(61,871)
Denominator:       
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding       
Basic and diluted81,445
 78,092
 80,618
 77,475
Net loss per share:       
Basic and diluted$(0.19) $(0.21) $(0.88) $(0.80)
The diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 because potential common shares are only considered when their effect would be dilutive. The following table sets forth the potential weighted commondilutive shares outstanding that were excluded from the computation of basic and diluted net lossincome (loss) per share, calculations (in thousands):because their effects were anti-dilutive:
 Three Months Ended
(in thousands)March 29, 2024March 31, 2023
2024 Notes4,287 — 
Restricted stock units3,197 72 
Stock purchase rights under the ESPP316 300 
   Total7,800 372 

14
 Three months ended Nine months ended
 September 29,
2017		 September 30,
2016		 September 29,
2017		 September 30,
2016
Stock options4,377
 5,193
 4,628
 5,389
RSUs3,213
 2,800
 3,107
 2,273
Stock purchase rights under the ESPP1,118
 1,212
 630
 641
Warrants (1)
782
 43
 782
 14
   Total9,490
 9,248
 9,147
 8,317
Table of Contents
(1) On September 26, 2016,NOTE 11: SEGMENT INFORMATION
Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in connection withbusiness activities for which separate financial information is available and evaluated regularly by the execution of a product supply agreement pursuant toCompany’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (the “CODM”), which an affiliate of Comcast Corporation (together with Comcast Corporation, “Comcast”) may, in its sole discretion, purchase fromfor the Company is its Chief Executive Officer, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. Based on the internal reporting structure, the Company consists of two operating segments: Broadband and Video. The operating segments were determined based on the nature of the products offered. The Broadband segment provides broadband access solutions and related services to broadband operators globally. A measure of assets by segment is not applicable as segment assets are not included in the discrete financial information provided to the CODM. The Video segment provides video processing, production and playout solutions and services worldwide to broadcast and media companies, new streaming media companies, broadband operators, and satellite and telecommunications (“telco”) Pay-TV service providers.

The following table provides summary financial information by reportable segment:
Three Months Ended
(in thousands)March 29, 2024March 31, 2023
Broadband
Revenue$78,897 $100,351 
Operating income8,594 20,113 
Video
Revenue$43,163 $57,298 
Operating loss(7,351)(1,426)
Total
Revenue$122,060 $157,649 
Operating income1,243 18,687 
licenses to certainA reconciliation of the Company’s software products,consolidated segment operating income to consolidated income before income taxes is as follows:
Three Months Ended
(in thousands)March 29, 2024March 31, 2023
Total consolidated segment operating income$1,243 $18,687 
Unallocated corporate expenses(1)
(3,846)(83)
Stock-based compensation(6,923)(7,424)
Consolidated income (loss) from operations(9,526)11,180 
Non-operating expense, net(1,012)(999)
Income (loss) before income taxes$(10,538)$10,181 
(1) Together with stock-based compensation, the Company granted Comcastdoes not allocate restructuring and related charges and other non-recurring expenses to the operating income (loss) for each segment because management does not include this information in the measurement of the performance of the operating segments.
Disaggregation of Revenues
The following table provides a warrantsummary of total revenues disaggregated by type:
Three Months Ended
(in thousands)March 29, 2024March 31, 2023
Product sales$73,916 $107,824 
Professional services7,679 6,970 
Total Appliance and integration81,595 114,794 
SaaS12,864 11,583 
Support services27,601 31,272 
Total SaaS and services40,465 42,855 
Total revenue$122,060 $157,649 

15
Table of Contents
The following table provides a summary of total revenues by geographic region:
Three Months Ended
(in thousands)March 29, 2024March 31, 2023
United States (1)
$81,992 $105,741 
Other countries (1)
40,068 51,908 
Total revenue$122,060 $157,649 
(1)  Revenue is attributed to purchase shares of its common stock. (See Note 15, “Warrants” for additional information).

Excluded from the table above are the Notes, which are convertible under certain conditions into an aggregate of 22,304,348 shares of common stock. (See Note 11, “Convertible Notes, Other Debts and Capital Leases” for additional informationcountries based on the Notes). Since the Company’s intent is to settle the principal amountlocation of the Notes in cash,customer.
No single country, other than the treasury stock method is being used to calculate any potential dilutive effectUnited States, accounted for 10% or more of the conversion spread on diluted net income per share, if applicable. The conversion spread will have a dilutive impact on diluted net income per share when the Company’s average market price of its common stock for a given period exceeds the conversion price of $5.75 per share.


NOTE 15: WARRANTS

On September 26, 2016, the Company issued a Warrant to Comcast pursuant to which Comcast may, subject to certain vesting provisions, purchase up to 7,816,162 shares of the Company’s common stock subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of the Warrant, for a per share exercise price of $4.76. Comcast may exercise the Warrant for cash or on a net share basis. The Warrant expires on September 26, 2023 or the prior consummation of a change of control of the Company.

Comcast’s right to purchase 781,617 shares was vested as of the issuance date as an incentive to enter into the software license product supply agreement. Comcast’s rights to purchase an additional 1,954,042 shares vest upon achievement of milestones that occur upon or prior to Comcast’s election for enterprise license pricing for certain of the Company’s software products. Such pricing would obligate Comcast to make certain total payments to the Company over the term of the product supply agreement. These rights are expected to vest in 2018. Comcast’s rights to purchase an additional 1,172,425 shares vest when Comcast exceeds specified cumulative purchase amounts from the Company under the product supply agreement. Comcast’s rights to purchase the remaining 3,908,081 shares vest in specified tranches at the earlier of Comcast’s enterprise license pricing election (if completed by a certain date) or achievement of specified cumulative purchase amounts from the Company.

The $1.6 million value of the vested portion of the Warrant has been determined using the Black-Scholes option valuation model using the following assumptions: expected term of 7 years, volatility of 42%, risk-free interest rate of 1.4%, and expected dividends of 0.0%. The Warrant is considered indexed to the Company’s common stock and classified as stockholders’ equity based on its terms. Accordingly, the vested Warrant amount was included in “Additional paid-in capital” on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet and will not be remeasured in the future periods.

The Warrant is considered an incentive for Comcast to purchase certain of the Company’s products. Therefore the value of the Warrant is recorded as a reduction in the Company’s net revenues tofor the extent such value does not exceed net revenues from pertinent sales to Comcast. The portion of the Warrant which vested on September 26, 2016 had a value of approximately $1.6 million and is deemed a customer incentive paid upfront and cumulatively, $0.5 million of this prepaid incentive has been recorded as a reduction to the Company’s net revenues from Comcast. The remaining $1.1 million of this prepaid incentive is reported as an asset under “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 29, 2017. The Company considers this asset to be recoverable based on the expectation of Comcast’s future purchases of the pertinent products.

NOTE 16: STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (“AOCI”)
The components of AOCI, on an after-tax basis where applicable, were as follows (in thousands):
 Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Investments Actuarial Loss Total
Balance as of December 31, 2016$(7,267) $276
 $(279) $(7,270)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications7,147
 (605) —
 6,542
Provision for income taxes—
 (2) —
 (2)
Balance as of September 29, 2017$(120) $(331) $(279) $(730)

The effects of amounts reclassified from AOCI into the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations were as follows (in thousands):
 Three months ended Nine months ended
 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016
Gains (losses) on cash flow hedges from foreign currency contracts:       
  Cost of revenue$—
 $6
 $—
 $(7)
  Operating expenses—
 41
 —
 (46)
    Total reclassifications from AOCI$—
 $47
 $—
 $(53)
As of September 29, 2017, there was no AOCI balance, and during the ninethree months ended SeptemberMarch 29, 2017, there were no reclassifications from AOCI, as there were no cash flow hedge contracts outstanding at September 29, 20172024 and DecemberMarch 31, 2016.2023, respectively.
Common Stock Repurchases
Our stock repurchase program expired on December 31, 2016. Further stock repurchases would require authorization from the Board.


NOTE 17: SEGMENT INFORMATION12: RESTRUCTURING AND RELATED CHARGES
Operating segments are definedThe Company has implemented several restructuring plans in the past few years. The goal of these plans was to bring operational expenses to appropriate levels relative to the Company’s net revenue, while simultaneously implementing extensive company-wide expense control programs. The restructuring plans have primarily been comprised of severance payments and termination benefits related to headcount reductions.
During the first quarter of 2024, management initiated restructuring plans to further improve Video business efficiencies in order to drive long-term growth and profitability. The total restructuring cost associated with these 2024 restructuring activities is currently estimated to be $17 million and will primarily be recorded to the restructuring expense line item within our condensed consolidated statements of operations. We recorded $3.5 million of restructuring expense in the first quarter of fiscal 2024 and we expect to incur substantially all of the remaining restructuring expense through the end of fiscal 2024.
The following table summarizes the activities related to the Company’s restructuring plans accrual, reported as components of an enterprise that engage in business activities for which separate financial information is available and evaluated by the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker ( the “CODM”), which for Harmonic is its Chief Executive Officer, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. Based on our internal reporting structure, the Company consists of two operating segments: Video and Cable Edge. The operating segments were determined based“Other current liabilities” on the nature of the products offered. The Video segment sells video processing and production and playout solutions and services worldwide to broadcast and media companies, streaming new media companies, cable operators, and satellite and telecommunications (telco) Pay-TV service providers. The Cable Edge segment sells cable edge solutions and related services to cable operators globally.Consolidated Balance Sheets:
On February 29, 2016, the Company completed its acquisition of 100% of the outstanding equity of TVN and assigned TVN to its Video operating segment.
(in thousands)Severance and Benefits
Balance at December 31, 2023$313 
Charges for current period3,497 
Cash payments(2,841)
Other(119)
Balance at March 29, 2024$850 

The Company does not allocate amortization of intangibles, stock-based compensation, restructuring and related charges, TVN acquisition- and integration-related costs, and certain other non-recurring charges to the operating income for each segment because management does not include this information in the measurement of the performance of the operating segments. A measure of assets by segment is not applicable as segment assets are not included in the discrete financial information provided to the CODM.
The following tables provide summary financial information by reportable segment (in thousands):



 Three months ended Nine months ended
 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016
Net revenue:

 

 

 

  Video$84,155
 $91,353
 $231,876
 $246,949
  Cable Edge7,859
 10,053
 25,396
 45,860
Total consolidated net revenue$92,014
 $101,406
 $257,272
 $292,809
 

 

 

 

Operating income (loss):

 

 

 

  Video$7,009
 $4,886
 $(7,774) $(1,943)
  Cable Edge(5,357) (4,767) (18,848) (7,118)
Total segment operating (loss) income1,652
 119
 (26,622) (9,061)
Unallocated corporate expenses(10,050) (4,983) (18,825) (20,493)
Stock-based compensation(3,720) (2,680) (11,107) (8,542)
Amortization of intangibles(2,088) (4,389) (6,232) (12,711)
Loss from operations(14,206) (11,933) (62,786) (50,807)
Non-operating expense, net(3,292) (4,321) (9,892) (10,546)
Loss before income taxes$(17,498) $(16,254) $(72,678) $(61,353)


NOTE 18:13: COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Leases
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases as of September 29, 2017 are as follows (in thousands):
Years ending December 31, 
2017 (remaining three months)$3,359
201813,053
201911,607
20208,218
20212,738
Thereafter11,169
Total$50,144

Warranties
The Company accrues for estimated warranty costs at the time of product shipment. Management periodically reviews the estimated fair value of its warranty liability and records adjustments based on the terms of warranties provided to customers, historical and anticipated warranty claims experience, and estimates of the timing and cost of warranty claims. Activity for the Company’s warranty accrual, which is included in accrued and other current liabilities, is summarized below (in thousands):
 Three months ended Nine months ended
 September 29,
2017		 September 30,
2016		 September 29,
2017		 September 30,
2016
Balance at beginning of period$4,142
 $5,095
 $4,862
 $3,913
   Balance assumed from TVN acquisition—
 —
 —
 1,012
   Accrual for current period warranties1,354
 1,552
 3,849
 4,527
   Changes in liability related to pre-existing warranties—
 (99) —
 (173)
   Warranty costs incurred(1,155) (1,469) (4,370) (4,200)
Balance at end of period$4,341
 $5,079
 $4,341
 $5,079
Purchase Obligations
The Company relies on a limited number of contract manufacturers and suppliers to provide manufacturing services for a substantial majority of its products. Obligations to purchase inventory and other commitments are generally expected to be fulfilled within one year. The Company had approximately $27.8 million of non-cancelable commitments to purchase inventories and other commitments as of September 29, 2017.
Standby Letters of Credit and Guarantees
The Company’s financial guarantees consisted of standby letters of credit and bank guarantees. As of September 29, 2017, the Company had $0.8 million of standby letters of credit outstanding primarily related to its credit card facility in Switzerland and, to a lesser extent, performance bond and state requirements imposed on employers. In addition, the Company had $1.9 million of bank guarantees outstanding as of September 29, 2017, of which $1.3 million was related to a building lease for the TVN French Subsidiary, $0.3 million was related to the building leases in Israel, and the remaining amount was mostly related to performance bonds issued to customers of the TVN French Subsidiary.
Indemnification
Harmonic is obligated to indemnify its officers and the members of its Board of Directors (the “Board”) pursuant to its bylaws and contractual indemnity agreements. Harmonic also indemnifies some of its suppliers and most of its customers for specified intellectual property matters pursuant to certain contractual arrangements, subject to certain limitations. The scope of these indemnities varies, but, in some instances, includes indemnification for damages and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees). There have been no amounts accrued in respect of these indemnification provisions through September 29, 2017.

Legal proceedings
In October 2011, Avid Technology, Inc. (“Avid”) filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that our MediaGrid product infringes two patents held by Avid. A jury trial on this complaint commenced on January 23, 2014 and, on February 4, 2014, the jury returned a unanimous verdict in favor of us, rejecting Avid’s infringement allegations in their entirety. In January 2015, Avid filed an appeal with respect to the jury’s verdict with the Federal Circuit. In January 2016, the Federal Circuit issued an order vacating the verdict of noninfringement and remanding the case to the trial court for a new trial on infringement.  

In June 2012, Avid served a subsequent complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that our Spectrum product infringes one patent held by Avid. The complaint sought injunctive relief and unspecified damages. In September 2013, the U.S. Patent Trial and Appeal Board (“PTAB”) authorized an inter partes review to be instituted as to claims 1-16 of the patent asserted in this second complaint. In July 2014, the PTAB issued a decision finding claims 1-10 invalid and claims 11-16 not invalid. We filed an appeal with respect to the PTAB’s decision on claims 11-16 in September 2014, and the Federal Circuit affirmed the PTAB’s decision in April 2016.  

In July 2017, the court issued a scheduling order consolidating both cases and setting the trial date for November 6, 2017. 

On October 19, 2017, the parties agreed to settle the consolidated cases by entering into a settlement and patent portfolio cross-license agreement, and the cases were dismissed with prejudice. The settlement included a multi-year patent portfolio cross-license. In connection with the agreement, the Company recorded a $6.0 million litigation settlement expense in the three months ended September 29, 2017 and this expense is included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. The associated $6.0 million settlement liability is recorded as $2.5 million and $3.5 million in “Accrued Liabilities” and “Other non-current liabilities”, respectively, in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 29, 2017. On October 24, 2017, the Company paid the first $2.5 million to Avid in accordance with the terms of the settlement agreement and the remaining $1.5 million and $2.0 million will be paid in the second quarter of 2019 and the third quarter of 2020, respectively. 
From time to time, the Company is involved in lawsuits as well as subject to various legal proceedings, claims, threats of litigation, and investigations in the ordinary course of business, including claims of alleged infringement of third-party patents and other intellectual property rights, commercial, employment, and other matters. The Company assesses potential liabilities in connection with each lawsuit and threatened lawsuits and accrues an estimated loss for these loss contingencies if both of the following conditions are met: information available prior to issuance of the financial statements indicates that it is probable that a liability has been incurred at the date of the financial statements and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. While certain matters to which the Company is a party specify the damages claimed, such claims may not represent reasonably probable losses. Given the inherent uncertainties of litigation, the ultimate outcome of these matters cannot be predicted at this time, nor can the amount of possible loss or range of loss, if any, be reasonably estimated.


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NOTE 14: SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Redemption of the 2024 Notes
On January 30, 2024, the Company issued a notice to redeem the outstanding 2024 Notes in full pursuant to the terms of the 2024 Notes Indenture, which gave holders the right to convert their 2024 Notes prior to the redemption date. On April 18, 2024, the Company settled the conversions of the entire $115.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes. In accordance with the provisions of the 2024 Notes Indenture, the Company settled such conversions of the 2024 Notes by paying and delivering, as applicable, a combination of $115.5 million in cash and 4.6 million shares of the Company’s common stock. To finance the conversion of the 2024 Notes, the Company borrowed $75 million under the Revolving Facility and $40 million on the Term Facility, in each case, under its Credit Agreement (each as defined below).
As of April 18, 2024, the Company has $45.0 million remaining available for borrowing under the Revolving Facility and no remaining amounts available for borrowing under the Term Facility.
Lease
In April, 2024, the Company announced a decision to reduce the use of leased space for its headquarters in San Jose, California. The Company is unableplans to predictconsolidate its operations and market the excess space for sublease. Depending on the outcome of these lawsuits and therefore is unable to estimate an amount or range of any reasonably possible losses resulting from them. An unfavorable outcome on any litigation matter could require thatmarketing the sublease, the Company pay substantial damages,believes this decision could result in an impairment of the right-of-use assets and the associated leasehold improvement assets for the leased property. The estimated impairment loss is expected to be between $5.5 million and $6.5 million for the quarter ending June 28, 2024.

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The terms “Harmonic,” “Company,” “we,” “us,” “its,” and “our,” as used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Form 10-Q”), refer to Harmonic Inc. and its subsidiaries and its predecessors as a combined entity, except where the context requires otherwise.
Some of the statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements that involve risk and uncertainties. The statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Acts”), and Section-21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), as amended, including, without limitation, statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as, “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “believes,” “intends,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding:
•developing trends and demands in connectionthe markets we address, particularly emerging markets;
•macroeconomic conditions, including inflation, rising interest rates, volatility and uncertainty in the banking and financial services sector, supply chain disruptions, volatile capital markets and foreign currency fluctuations, particularly in certain geographies, and in financial markets;
•the impact of geopolitical events, including the conflicts in the Middle East and Russia-Ukraine conflicts and risks of escalation and broader regional conflicts, and tensions between China and Taiwan and China and the United States, on our business and the markets in which we operate;
•new and future products and services;
•spending of our customers;
•our strategic direction, future business plans and growth strategy, including our plans with any intellectual property infringement claims, could requirerespect to the Video Business;
•industry and customer consolidation;
•expected demand for and benefits of our products and services;
•concentration of revenue sources;
•expectations regarding our Broadband and Video solutions;
•potential future acquisitions and dispositions;
•anticipated results of potential or actual litigation;
•our competitive environment;
•the impact of our restructuring plans;
•the impact of governmental regulations, including with respect to tariffs and economic sanctions;
•anticipated revenue and expenses, including the sources of such revenue and expenses;
•expected impacts of changes in accounting rules;
•expectations regarding the usability of our inventory and the risk that the Company pay ongoing royalty payments or could prevent the Company from selling certaininventory will exceed forecasted demand;
•expectations and estimates related to goodwill and its associated carrying value; and
•use of its products. As a result, a settlement of, or an unfavorable outcome on,cash, cash needs and ability to raise capital, including repurchasing our common stock.
These statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, any of which may cause our actual results to differ materially from those implied by the matters referenced above or other litigation matters could have a material adverse effectforward-looking statements. Important factors that may cause actual results to differ from expectations include those discussed in “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. All forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are based on information available to us on the Company’s business, operating results, financial conditiondate thereof, and cash flows.we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements.



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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The terms “Harmonic,” “Company,” “we,” “us,” “its,”You should read the following discussion and “our,” as usedanalysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Form 10-Q”), refer to Harmonic Inc. and its subsidiaries and its predecessors as a combined entity, except where the context requires otherwise.
Some of the statements contained in this Form 10-Q are10-Q. This discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve riskrisks and uncertainties. The statements contained in this Form 10-Q that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including, without limitation, statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as, “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “intends,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding:
developing trends and demands in the markets we address, particularly emerging markets;
economic conditions, particularly in certain geographies, and in financial markets;
new and future products and services;
capital spending of our customers;
our strategic direction, future business plans and growth strategy;
industry and customer consolidation;
expected demand for and benefits of our products and services;
seasonality of revenue and concentration of revenue sources;
expectations regarding the impact of our TVN acquisition;
expectations regarding our CableOS solutions;

expectations regarding the impact of the Warrant issued to Comcast on our business;
potential future acquisitions and dispositions;
anticipated results of potential or actual litigation;
our competitive environment;
the impact of our restructuring plans;
the impact of governmental regulation;
anticipated revenue and expenses, including the sources of such revenue and expenses;
expected impacts of changes in accounting rules;
expectations regarding the usability of our inventory and the risk that inventory will exceed forecasted demand;
expectations and estimates related to goodwill and intangible assets and their associated carrying value;
use of cash, cash needs and ability to raise capital; and
the condition of our cash investments.
These statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, any of which may cause ourOur actual results tomay differ materially from those implied by theanticipated in these forward-looking statements. Importantstatements as a result of various factors, that may cause actual results to differ from expectations includeincluding those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 50and in other parts of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. All forward-looking statements included in this Form 10-Q are based on information available to us on the date thereof, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements.

OVERVIEW
We design, manufactureare a leading global provider of (i) broadband solutions that enable broadband operators to more efficiently and selleffectively deploy high-speed internet, for data, voice and video services for their customers and (ii) versatile and high performance video infrastructuredelivery software, products, and system solutions and services that enable our customers to efficiently create, prepare, store, playout and deliver a full range of videohigh-quality broadcast and broadbandstreaming video services to consumer devices, including televisions, personal computers, laptops, tablets and smart phones.

We classify our total revenue in two categories, “Appliance and integration” and “SaaS and service.” The “Appliance and integration” revenue category includes hardware, licenses and professional services and is reflective of non-recurring revenue, while the “SaaS and service” category includes usage fees for our SaaS platform and support service revenue from our appliance-based customers and reflects our recurring revenue stream.
We doconduct business in three geographic regions: regions—the Americas, EMEA and APAC APAC—and operate in two segments, VideoBroadband and Cable Edge.Video. Our Broadband business sells broadband access solutions and related services, including our cOS software-based broadband access solutions, to broadband operators globally. Our Video business sells video processing, production and playout solutions, and services worldwide to cable operators and satellite and telecommunications (“telco”)telco Pay-TV service providers, which we refer to collectively as “service providers,” andas well as to broadcast and media companies, including streaming new media companies. Our Video business infrastructure solutions are delivered either through shipment of our products, software licenses or as software-as-a-service (“SaaS”)SaaS subscriptions. Our Cable Edge business sells cable access solutions and related services, primarily to cable operators globally.

On February 29, 2016, through our wholly-owned subsidiary Harmonic International AG, we completed our acquisition of 100% of the share capital and voting rights of TVN for $82.5 million in cash. TVN, a global leader in advanced video compression solutions, is headquartered in Rennes, France. The TVN acquisition was primarily funded with cash proceeds from the issuance of the Notes in December 2015.

TVN is now a part of our Video segment and its results of operations are included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations beginning March 1, 2016. The acquisition of TVN is intended to strengthen our competitive position in the video infrastructure market as well as to enhance the depth and scale of our research and development and service and support capabilities in the video arena. We believe that the combined product portfolios, research and development teams and global sales and service personnel of Harmonic and TVN will allow us to accelerate innovation for our customers while leveraging greater scale to drive operational efficiencies. (See Note 3, “Business Acquisition,” of the notes to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the acquisition).

Historically, our revenue has been dependent upon capital spending in the cable, satellite, telco, broadcast and media industries, including streaming media. Our customers’ capital spending patterns are dependent on a variety of factors, including but not limited to: economic conditions in the U.S.United States and international markets;markets, and impact of factors such as the conflict in the Middle East and Russia-Ukraine conflicts, inflation, rising interest rates, potential supply chain disruptions, volatility in capital markets and foreign currency fluctuations; volatility and uncertainty in the banking and financial services sector; access to financing; annual budget cycles of each of the industries we serve; impact of industry consolidations; and customers suspending or reducing capital spending in anticipation of new products or new standards,standards; and new industry trends and/or technology shifts. If our product portfolio and product development plans do not position us well to capture an increased portion of the capital spending in the markets in which we compete, our revenue may decline. As we attempt to further diversify our customer base in these markets, we may need to

continue to build alliances with other equipment manufacturers and suppliers, cloud service providers, content providers, resellers and system integrators, managed services providers and software developers; adapt our products for new applications; take orders at prices resulting in lower margins; and build internal expertise to handle the particular operational, payment, financing and/or contractual demands of our customers, which could result in higher operating costs for us. Implementation issues with our products or those
More recently, the United States has experienced high levels of other vendors have causedinflation, which may result in the past, and may cause in the future, delays in project completion for our customers and delay our recognition of revenue.
A majority of our revenue has been derived from relatively few customers, due in part to the consolidation of our service provider customers. Sales to our 10 largest customers during the three and nine months ended September 29, 2017 accounted for 28% and 26% of our net revenue, respectively, compared to 28% and 30%, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2016. Although we are attempting to broaden our customer base by penetrating new markets and further expanding internationally, we expect to see continuing industry consolidation and customer concentration. During each of the three and nine months ended September 29, 2017, as well as the corresponding periods in 2016, no customer accounted for more than 10% of our net revenue. The loss of any significant customer, any material reduction in orders by any significant customer, or our failure to qualify our new products with a significant customer could materially and adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
Our net revenue decreased $9.4 million, or 9%, in the three months ended September 29, 2017, compared to the corresponding period in 2016, due to a $7.2 million decrease in our Video segment revenue and a $2.2 million decrease in our Cable Edge segment revenue. Our net revenue decreased $35.5 million, or 12%, in the nine months ended September 29, 2017, compared to the corresponding period in 2016, due to a $20.4 million decrease in our Cable Edge segment revenue and a $15.1 million decrease in our Video segment revenue. The decreases in our Video segment revenue in the three and nine month periods were primarily due to a shift in customer demand from our traditional linear broadcast pay-tv systems to our over-the-top (“OTT”) solutions sold as either software appliances, perpetual software licenses or SaaS subscriptions. The decreases in our Cable Edge segment revenue in the three and nine month periods were primarily due to continued weak demand for our legacy Cable Edge products dueand services, increases in our operating costs including our labor costs, constrained credit and liquidity, reduced customer spending and volatility in financial markets. The Federal Reserve has raised, and may continue to a technology transitionraise, interest rates in response to concerns over inflation risk. There continues to be uncertainty in the industry from legacy EdgeQAM consumption usedchanging market and economic conditions, including the possibility of additional measures that could be taken by the Federal Reserve and other government agencies, related to macroeconomic conditions, adverse business conditions and liquidity concerns, or bank failures or instability in the financial services sector, geopolitical disruptions and concerns over inflation risk.

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Our Broadband strategy is focused on continuing to develop and deliver broadcast pay-tv servicessoftware-based broadband access technologies, which we refer to as our cOS solutions, to our broadband operator customers. We believe our cOS software-based broadband access solutions are superior to hardware-based systems and deliver unprecedented scalability, agility and cost savings for our customers. Our cOS solutions, which can be deployed based on a newcentralized, DAA or hybrid architecture, capableenable our customers to migrate to multi-gigabit broadband capacity and the fast deployment of delivering convergedDOCSIS and/or FTTH data, video and IP datavoice services. We expect Cable Edge net revenue to improvebelieve our cOS solutions resolve space and power constraints in broadband operator facilities, eliminate dependence on hardware upgrade cycles and significantly reduce total cost of ownership, and are helping us become a major player in the fourth quarter of 2017, with a more significant improvement through 2018.
Our Videobroadband access market. In the meantime, we believe our Broadband segment customerswill continue to be cautiousgain momentum in the marketplace as our customers adopt and deploy our virtualized DOCSIS, CMTS and FTTH solutions and distributed access architectures. We continue to make progress in the development of our cOS solutions and in the growth of our Broadband business, with investments in new technologies, such as next-generation IP architectureexpanded commercial deployments, field trials, and Ultra HD. customer engagements.
We believe a material and growing portion of the opportunities for our videoVideo business are linked to a migration bythe industry and our customers (i) continuing to IPadopt streaming technologies to capture, process and deliver video content to consumers and, increasingly, utilizing public cloud solutions like our VOS SaaS platform to do so; (ii) transforming existing broadcast infrastructure workflows into more flexible, efficient and the simultaneous distribution of linearcost-effective operations running in public clouds; and on-demand, OTT,(iii) for those customers maintaining on-premise video delivery infrastructure, continuing to upgrade and new mobile video services. We believe we are well positionedreplace aging equipment with next-generation software-based appliances that significantly reduce operational complexity. Our Video business strategy is focused on continuing to address these opportunities as we continue to steadily transition our video business away from legacydevelop and customized computing hardware to more software-centricdeliver products, solutions and services including SaaS subscription OTT solutions, enabling video compressionto enable and processing throughsupport these trends. Currently, we are seeing a slow-down in capital spending by some of our VOS software platform running on standard off-the-shelf servers, data centersVideo business customers, which is causing delays for some of our appliance-based projects and creating near-term headwinds for our Video appliance business.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Video Business Review
As previously announced in April 2024, following a formal strategic review process to evaluate potential strategic alternatives for our Video business with the cloud.
Our Cable Edge strategy is to become a major player in the approximately $2 billion to $3 billion converged cable access platform (“CCAP”)assistance of independent financial and legal advisors, our Board determined that current market by delivering disruptive new virtualized DOCSIS 3.1 CMTS technology and related CCAP architectures, which we collectively refer to as CableOS. In the meantime, our Cable Edge segment is experiencing declining demand as our customers have decreased spending on our legacy Cable Edge products to prepareconditions do not support its value creation objectives for the adoptionVideo business. This determination was made after carefully evaluating a range of new virtualized DOCSIS 3.1 CMTS solutionsalternatives.
The go-forward strategy for our Video business will be centered on driving profitable growth by focusing on scalable market opportunities, streamlining operations and distributed access architectures. While these trends present near-term challenges for us, we believe we have made significant progress in the developmentoptimizing its cost structure. Consistent with its ongoing focus on value creation, our board of CableOS with expanded commercial deployments, field trials, and customer engagements since our first shipment in late 2016.
To support our Cable Edge strategy and foster the further development and growth of this segment, in September 2016, we issued Comcast a Warrantdirectors will remain open to further incentivize them to purchaseopportunities and alternatives should they arise.
CEO Succession
As previously announced in April 2024, our productsPresident and adoptChief Executive Officer, Patrick Harshman, will retire and Nimrod Ben-Natan, our technologies, particularly our CableOS CCAP systems. Pursuant to the Warrant, Comcast may, subject to certain vesting provisions, purchase up to 7,816,162 sharescurrent Senior Vice President and General Manager of our common stock, for a per share exercise price of $4.76. Because the Warrant is considered an incentive for Comcast to purchase certain of the Company’s products, the value of the Warrant is recorded as a reduction in the Company’s net revenues to the extent such value does not exceed net revenues from pertinent sales to Comcast. (See Note 15, “Warrants,” of the Notes to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information).
As a result of the continued uncertainty regarding the timing of our customers’ investment decisions, we implemented restructuring plans, including the Harmonic 2017 Restructuring Plan, to bring our operating expenses more in line with net revenues, while simultaneously implementing an extensive Company-wide expense control program. (See Note 10, “Restructuring and Related Charges” of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information).
Our quarterly revenueBroadband business, has been and may continue to be, affectedappointed by seasonal buying patterns. Typically, revenue in the first quarter of the year is seasonally lower than other quarters,our Board as our customers often are still finalizing their annual budget and capital spending projections for the year. Further, we often recognize a substantial portion of our quarterly revenues in the lastMr. Harshman’s successor, effective June 11, 2024.

month of each quarter. We establish our expenditure levels for product development and other operating expenses based on projected revenue levels for a specified period, and expenses are relatively fixed in the short term. Accordingly, even small variations in timing of revenue, particularly from large individual transactions, can cause significant fluctuations in operating results in a particular quarter.


CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES, JUDGMENTS AND ESTIMATES
Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this report are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Our critical accounting policies, judgments and estimates are disclosed in in our 20162023 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC. There have been no significant changes to these estimates during the three months ended March 29, 2024.


ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
For a summary of recent accounting pronouncements applicable to our condensed consolidated condensed financial statements, seerefer to Note 2 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1, which is incorporated herein by reference.






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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net Revenue
The following table presents the breakdown of revenue by segment for the three
Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except percentages)March 29, 2024March 31, 2023Change
Appliance and integration$81,595 $114,794 $(33,199)(29)%
as % of total net revenue67 %73 %
SaaS and service40,465 42,855 (2,390)(6)%
as % of total net revenue33 %27 %
Total net revenue$122,060 $157,649 $(35,589)(23)%
Appliance and nine months endedSeptember 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 (in thousands, except percentages):
 Three months ended    Nine months ended   
 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Q3 FY17 vs Q3 FY16 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Q3 FY17 YTD vs Q3 FY16 YTD
Segment:             
Video$84,155
 $91,353
 $(7,198)(8)% $231,876
 $246,949
 $(15,073)(6)%
Cable Edge7,859
 10,053
 (2,194)(22)% 25,396
 45,860
 (20,464)(45)%
Total net revenue$92,014
 $101,406
 $(9,392)(9)% $257,272
 $292,809
 $(35,537)(12)%
     

       
Segment revenue as a % of total net revenue:          
Video91% 90%    90% 84%   
Cable Edge9% 10%    10% 16%   
The following table presents the breakdown of revenue by geographical region for the three and nine months endedSeptember 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 (in thousands, except percentages):

 Three months ended    Nine months ended   
 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Q3 FY17 vs Q3 FY16 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Q3 FY17 YTD vs Q3 FY16 YTD
Geography:             
Americas$48,656
 $47,856
 $800
2 % $127,173
 $154,513
 $(27,340)(18)%
EMEA27,528
 32,405
 (4,877)(15)% 77,920
 85,716
 (7,796)(9)%
APAC15,830
 21,145
 (5,315)(25)% 52,179
 52,580
 (401)(1)%
Total net revenue$92,014
 $101,406
 $(9,392)(9)% $257,272
 $292,809
 $(35,537)(12)%
              
Regional revenue as a % of total net revenue:          
Americas53% 47%    49% 53%   
EMEA30% 32%    30% 29%   
APAC17% 21%    21% 18%   

Our Video segmentintegration net revenue decreased 8% inby $33.2 million during the three months ended SeptemberMarch 29, 2017,2024, compared to the corresponding period in 2016,2023, primarily due to a $9.1decrease of $20.2 million in our Broadband segment revenue and a decrease of $13.0 million in our Video segment revenue. The decrease in video productour Broadband segment revenue offsetwas primarily attributed to a customer delaying orders due to a technology transition. The decrease in partour Video segment revenue was primarily attributed to lower sales across most regions due to order and project delays by a $1.9 million increase in videoour customers.
Total SaaS and service revenue. Our Video segment net revenue decreased 6% inby $2.4 million during the ninethree months ended SeptemberMarch 29, 2017,2024, compared to the corresponding period in 2016,2023, primarily due to a $24.6decrease of $3.7 million decrease in video product revenue, offsetsupport services mainly driven by lower contract renewals in part by a $9.5 million increase in video service revenue. The decreases in our Video product revenue in the three and nine month periods were primarily due to our customers’ conversion to software OTT solutions and associated decelerating investment in traditional broadcast pay-tv systems. The decrease in our Video segment, net revenue in the nine months ended September 29, 2017, was partially offset by higher revenue due to the inclusion of two more months of TVN post acquisition revenue in the nine months ended September 29, 2017, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
Our Cable Edge segment net revenue decreased 22% and 45%, in the three and nine months ended September 29, 2017, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2016. The decreases were primarily attributable to softer demand for legacy EdgeQAM technologies as some of our customers are deferring purchases while planning to adopt virtualized DOCSIS 3.1 technologies and CCAP architectures. Several of our customers have started this transition, leveraging our CableOS solutions to enhance service delivery and operational efficiencies.
Net revenue in the Americas increased 2% in the three months ended September 29, 2017, compared to the corresponding period in 2016, due to an increase in both service provider and broadcast and media demand for our live and premium quality OTT solutions, and to a lesser extent services. Net revenue in the Americas decreased 18% in the nine months ended September 29, 2017, compared to the corresponding period in 2016, primarily due to the pending service provider transition to new CCAP technologies and, to a lesser extent, the transition from broadcast pay-tv to OTT and from hardware to software across all customer verticals. This decline was partially offset by improving service revenue, which demonstrated sequential growth through the first three quarters of 2017.

EMEA net revenue decreased 15% and 9%, in the three and nine months ended September 29, 2017, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2016, due to a decelerating investment in traditional pay-tv broadcast and media infrastructure, offset in part by increased investment in our live and premium quality OTT software solutions for the delivery of new IP-based video services in both our service provider and broadcast and media customer verticals.

APAC net revenue decreased 25% in the three months ended September 29, 2017 compared to the corresponding period in 2016, due to softer demand from both our service provider and broadcast and media customers for our Video and Cable Edge products, offset in part by an increase in service revenue. APAC netSaaS revenue decreased 1% in the nine months ended September 29, 2017, comparedof $1.3 million, mainly due to the corresponding period in 2016, due to softer demand for our Cable Edge products, partially offset by improved service provider demand for our Video products and services.acquisition of new customers.


Gross Profit
The following table presents the gross profit and gross profit as a percentage of net revenue (“gross margin”) for the three and nine months endedSeptember 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 (in thousands, except percentages):

Three months ended    Nine months ended   
September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Q3 FY17 vs Q3 FY16 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Q3 FY17 YTD vs Q3 FY16 YTD
Three Months Ended
Three Months Ended
Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except percentages)
(in thousands, except percentages)
(in thousands, except percentages)
Gross profit$47,025
 $51,363
 $(4,338)(8)% $121,248
 $143,057
 $(21,809)(15)%
As a percentage of net revenue (“gross margin”)51.1% 50.7% 0.4%  47.1% 48.9% (1.8)% 
Gross profit
Gross profit
as % of total net revenue (“gross margin”)
as % of total net revenue (“gross margin”)
as % of total net revenue (“gross margin”)
Our gross margins are dependent upon, among other factors, achievement of cost reductions, mixthe proportion of software sales, product mix, supply chain impacts, customer mix, product introduction costs, and price reductions granted to customers.customers and achievement of cost reductions.
GrossOur gross margin increased 0.4%decreased by 160 basis points (bps) in the three months ended SeptemberMarch 29, 2017,2024, compared to the corresponding period in 2016,2023, primarily from margin contraction in our Broadband segment, mainly due to a more favorableunfavorable product mix. GrossThis decrease was partially offset from margin decreased 1.8%expansion in the nine months ended September 29, 2017, compared to the corresponding period in 2016, primarilyour Video segment, mainly due to lower service marginsan increase in SaaS and higher inventory obsolescence charges forour legacy broadcast video inventory as a result of reduced demand. These unfavorable margin impacts were offset in part by a $1.2 million decrease in inventory obsolescence charge for our older Cable Edge product lines in the nine months ended September 29, 2017, compared to the corresponding period last year.


Research and Development
The following table presents the research and development expenses and the expensesservices as a percentage of net revenue for the threesegment revenue.
Research and nine months endedSeptember 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 (in thousands, except percentages):
Development Expenses
Three months ended    Nine months ended   
September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Q3 FY17 vs Q3 FY16 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Q3 FY17 YTD vs Q3 FY16 YTD
(in thousands, except percentages)
(in thousands, except percentages)
(in thousands, except percentages)
Research and development$21,289
 $24,202
 $(2,913)(12)% $73,226
 $74,272
 $(1,046)(1)%
As a percentage of net revenue23.1% 23.9%    28.5% 25.4%   
Research and development
Research and development
as % of total net revenue
as % of total net revenue
as % of total net revenue
Our research and development expenses consist primarily of employee salaries and related expenses, contractors and outside consultants, supplies and materials, equipment depreciation and facilities costs, all of which are associated with the design and development of new products and enhancements of existing products. The research and development expenses are net of French Research and Development (“French R&D”) credits.
Research and development expenses decreased by $2.8 million in the three months ended SeptemberMarch 29, 2017 decreased 12%,2024, compared to the corresponding period in 2016, primarily2023, mainly due to lower project materialspending to support the Video business.

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Selling, General and outside consulting spending due to the completion of certain researchAdministrative Expenses
 Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except percentages)March 29, 2024March 31, 2023Change
Selling, general and administrative$38,865 $39,282 $(417)(1)%
as % of total net revenue32 %25 %
Selling, general and development projects in early 2017, lower employee compensation costs due to headcount reduction, and lower outside engineering services due to cost reduction efforts.
Research and developmentadministrative expenses decreased by $0.4 million in the ninethree months ended SeptemberMarch 29, 2017 decreased 1%,2024, compared to the corresponding period in 2016, primarily due to cost reduction efforts in the third quarter of 2017, offset partially by higher research and development expenses from the inclusion of two more months of post-acquisition TVN research and development expenses in the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
Our TVN French Subsidiary participates in the French CIR program which allows companies to monetize eligible research expenses. We recognize R&D tax credits receivable from the French government for spending on innovative research and development as an offset to research and development expenses.


Selling, General and Administrative
The following table presents the selling, general and administrative expenses and the expenses as a percentage of net revenue for the three and nine months endedSeptember 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 (in thousands, except percentages):
 Three months ended    Nine months ended   
 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Q3 FY17 vs Q3 FY16 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Q3 FY17 YTD vs Q3 FY16 YTD
Selling, general and administrative$37,121
 $36,112
 $1,009
3% $104,377
 $105,498
 $(1,121)(1)%
As a percentage of net revenue40.3% 35.6%    40.6% 36.0%   

Selling, general and administrative expenses in the three months ended September 29, 2017 increased 3%, compared to the corresponding period in 2016,2023, primarily due to a $6.0reduction of $0.8 million charge recorded during the third quarter of 2017 for the settlement of Avid litigation and higher Avid legal fees (See Note 18, “Commitments and Contingencies-Legal Proceedings,” for additional information on the Avid litigation), offset in part by higher TVN acquisition- and integration-related expense incurred in the third quarter of 2016, compared to the third quarter of 2017. (See Note 3, “Business Acquisition,” for additional information on TVN acquisition- and integration-related expenses).

Selling, general and administrative expenses in the nine months ended September 29, 2017 decreased 1%, compared to the corresponding period in 2016, primarily due to higher TVN acquisition- and integration-related expense incurred in the nine months of 2016, offset in part by a $6.0 million charge recorded during the third quarter of 2017 for the settlement of Avid litigation and higher Avid legal fees in the nine months ended September 29, 2017, compared to the corresponding period in 2016.

Segment Operating Income (Loss)
The following table presents a breakdown of operating income (loss) by segment for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 (in thousands, except percentages):
 Three months ended    Nine months ended   
 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Q3 FY17 vs Q3 FY16 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Q3 FY17 YTD vs Q3 FY16 YTD
Video$7,009
 $4,886
 $2,123
43% $(7,774) $(1,943) $(5,831)300%
Cable Edge(5,357) (4,767) (590)12% (18,848) (7,118) (11,730)165%
Total segment operating income (loss)$1,652
 $119
 $1,533
1,288% $(26,622) $(9,061) $(17,561)194%
      
       
Segment operating income (loss) as a % of segment revenue (“operating margin”):
Video8.3 % 5.3 % 3.0 %  (3.4)% (0.8)% (2.6)% 
Cable Edge(68.2)% (47.4)% (20.8)%  (74.2)% (15.5)% (58.7)% 
Video segment operating margin increased 3.0% in the three months ended September 29, 2017 compared to the corresponding period in 2016, primarily due to lower spending, in research and development expenses as some projects were completed in early 2017, and a more favorable product mix. Video segment operating margin decreased 2.6% in the nine months ended September 29, 2017 compared to the corresponding period in 2016, primarily due to a 6.1% decrease in Video segment revenue in the nine months ended September 29, 2017, as well as lower service margin and higher inventory obsolescence charges for our legacy broadcast video inventory due to reduced demand.
Cable Edge segment operating margin loss increased 20.8% in the three months ended September 29, 2017 compared to the corresponding period in 2016, primarily due to a 21.8% decrease in Cable Edge segment revenue as well as increased service costs in the same period, partially offset by lower operating expenses due to cost reduction efforts. Cable Edge segment operating margin loss increased 58.7% innon-recurring advisory fees of $0.4 million incurred for the nine months ended September 29, 2017 compared to the corresponding period in 2016, primarily due to a 44.6% decrease in Cable Edge segment revenue in the nine months ended September 29, 2017, compared to the corresponding periods in 2016, as well as higher research and development expenses for CableOS development in 2017. These unfavorable operating margin impacts were offset in part by a lower inventory obsolescence charge for our older Cable Edge product lines in the nine months ended September 29, 2017, compared to the corresponding period last year.

The following table presents a reconciliation of total segment operating income (loss) to consolidated loss before income taxes (in thousands):
 Three months ended Nine months ended
 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016
Total segment operating income (income)$1,652
 $119
 $(26,622) $(9,061)
Unallocated corporate expenses(10,050) (4,983) (18,825) (20,493)
Stock-based compensation(3,720) (2,680) (11,107) (8,542)
Amortization of intangibles(2,088) (4,389) (6,232) (12,711)
Loss from operations(14,206) (11,933) (62,786) (50,807)
Non-operating expense, net(3,292) (4,321) (9,892) (10,546)
Loss before income taxes$(17,498) $(16,254) $(72,678) $(61,353)
Unallocated Corporate Expenses
We do not allocate amortization of intangibles, stock-based compensation, restructuring and related charges, TVN acquisition- and integration-related costs, and certain other non-recurring charges to the operating income for each segment because our management does not include this information in the measurementstrategic review of the performance of the operating segments.Video business.

Amortization of Intangibles
The following table presents the amortization of intangible assets charged to operating expenses and the expense as a percentage of net revenue for the three and nine months endedSeptember 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 (in thousands, except percentages):
 Three months ended    Nine months ended   
 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Q3 FY17 vs Q3 FY16 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Q3 FY17 YTD vs Q3 FY16 YTD
Amortization of intangibles$793
 $3,009
 $(2,216)(74)% $2,347
 $9,606
 $(7,259)(76)%
As a percentage of net revenue0.9% 3.0%    0.9% 3.3% 



The decrease in amortization of intangibles expense in the three and nine months endedSeptember 29, 2017, compared to the corresponding periods in 2016, was primarily due to certain purchased tangible assets from prior business acquisition becoming fully amortized.


Restructuring and relatedRelated Charges
We have implemented several restructuring plans in the past few years. The goal of these plans is to bring operational expenses to appropriate levels relative to our net revenues, while simultaneously implementing extensive company-wideappropriate expense control programs.
We account for our restructuring plans under the authoritative guidance for exit or disposal activities. The restructuring and related charges are included in “Product cost“Cost of revenue” and “Operating expenses-restructuring and related charges” in the Condensed Consolidated Statementcondensed consolidated statement of Operations. The following table summarizesoperations. Refer to Note 12, “Restructuring and related charges”, of the Notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our restructuring activities.
 Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except percentages)March 29, 2024March 31, 2023Change
Total restructuring and related charges$3,497 $83 $3,414 *
*Not meaningful
Restructuring and related charges (in thousands):
 Three months ended Nine months ended
 September 29,
2017		 September 30,
2016		 September 29,
2017		 September 30,
2016
Restructuring and related charges in:       
Product cost of revenue$549
 $(1) $1,335
 $(24)
Operating expenses-Restructuring and related charges2,028
 (27) 4,084
 4,488
Total restructuring and related charges$2,577
 $(28) $5,419
 $4,464
Harmonic 2016 Restructuring

Inincreased in the first quarter of 2016, we implemented a new restructuring planthree months ended March 29, 2024, compared to streamline the corporate organization, thereby reducing operatingcorresponding period in 2023, primarily driven by higher severance and employee benefit costs by consolidating duplicative resourcesrecorded in 2024, in connection with the acquisition of TVN. The planned activities have primarily resulted, and will primarily result, in cash expenditures related to severance and related benefits and exiting certain operating facilities and disposing of excess assets. In the second quarter of 2016, as part of our Harmonic 2016 Restructuring Plan, we also initiated the TVN VDP to streamline the organization of our TVN French Subsidiary.2024 restructuring activities.

In 2016, we recorded an aggregate of $20.0 million of restructuring and related charges under the Harmonic 2016 Restructuring Plan, of which $2.2 million is primarily related to our exiting from an excess facility at our U.S. headquarters and the remaining $17.8 million is related to severance and benefits for the termination of 118 employees worldwide, including 83 employees in France who participatedInterest Expense, Net
Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except percentages)March 29, 2024March 31, 2023Change
Interest expense, net$(723)$(706)$(17)2 %
Interest expense, net in the TVN VDP. (See details of TVN VDP described below). Additionally,three months ended March 29, 2024 was relatively flat, compared to the restructuring and related charges under the Harmonic 2016 Restructuring Plan were partially offset by approximately $2.0 million of gain from TVN pension curtailment. For the employees who participatedcorresponding period in 2023.
Other Expense, Net
 Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except percentages)March 29, 2024March 31, 2023Change
Other expense, net$(289)$(293)$4 (1)%
Other expense, net in the TVN VDP, their pension benefit is funded bythree months ended March 29, 2024 was relatively flat compared to the TVN VDP and as a result,corresponding period in 2023.

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Income Taxes
 Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except percentages)March 29, 2024March 31, 2023Change
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes$(2,449)$5,088 $(7,537)(148)%
The change in provision for (benefit from) income taxes during the TVN defined benefit pension planthree months ended March 29, 2024, compared to the corresponding period in 2023, was remeasured at December 31, 2016,primarily due to the pre-tax loss in the current fiscal quarter, which resulted in a non-cash curtailment gain. This gain was recorded as an offset to restructuring and related costs in 2016.

We also incurred $16.9 million of TVN acquisition- and integration-related expenses in 2016 and another $2.7 milliontax benefit since there is no longer a full valuation allowance in the nine months ended September 29, 2017. We expect to continue to have some TVN integration-related costs throughout the remainderU.S. The mandatory capitalization and amortization of 2017 primarily consisting of outside legal and advisory fees relating to the re-organization of TVN’s legal entities (See Note 3, “Business Acquisition,” for additional information on TVN acquisition-and integration-related expenses).
In the three and nine months ended September 29, 2017, we recorded $0.1 million and $2.9 million of restructuring and related charges under the Harmonic 2016 Restructuring Plan. The restructuring and related charges under the Harmonic 2016 Restructuring Plan in the nine months ended September 29, 2017 consisted of $1.8 million of TVN VDP charges and $1.1 million of severance for 21 non-VDP employees worldwide terminated under this plan during the first six months of 2017.

TVN VDP

During 2016, we consulted and worked with the works council for the TVN French Subsidiary and applicable union representatives to establish a voluntary departure plan to enable French employees of TVN to voluntarily terminate with certain benefits. A total of 83 employees applied for the TVN VDP and were duly approved by us in the fourth quarter of 2016. The total TVN VDP costs, including severance, certain benefits and taxes, as well as administration costs, is estimated at approximately $15.3 million, in aggregate, at the inception of the plan and will be paid over a period of four years, based on the TVN VDP terms agreed with each employee. The total final payout to the employees may be different from the initial estimates depending on the final social charges imputed on each employee’s total income and benefits received. We do not expect the final payout to be materially different from the initial estimates. The fair value of the total TVN VDP liability at inception was estimated to be approximately $14.8 million.
We account for these special termination benefits in accordance with ASC 712, “Compensation - Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits,” which requires that the special termination benefits be recognized as a liability and a loss beginning when an employee accepts the offer of voluntary termination and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Where an employee is required to work beyond a minimum statutory notice period, the cost of the special termination benefit is recognized as an expense over the employee’s remaining service period. Where the employee is not required to work beyond a minimum statutory notice period, the cost of the special termination benefit is recognized upon the date the employee accepts the offer of voluntary termination, provided that the amount of the benefit can be estimated. Out of the 83 employees who applied for the TVN VDP, 11 of them were required to work beyond the minimum statutory notice period into 2017. Based on the application of the accounting guidance, we recorded $1.8 million and $13.1 million of TVN VDP costs in the first nine months of 2017 and in the year ended 2016, respectively. Cumulatively, we had paid an aggregate of $9.7 million of TVN VDP costs, of which $3.5 million was paid in 2016 and $6.2 million was paid in 2017. The fair value of the TVN VDP liability balance at September 29, 2017 was $6.0 million.
The table below shows the estimated future payments for TVN VDP as of September 29, 2017 (in thousands):
Years ending December 31, 
2017 (remaining three months)$1,145
20182,937
20191,379
2020543
Total$6,004

Excess Facility in San Jose, California


In January 2016, we exited an excess facility at our U.S. headquarters in San Jose, California and recorded $1.4 million in facility exit costs. The fair value of these liabilities is based on a net present value model using a credit-adjusted risk-free rate. The liability will be paid out over the remainder of the leased properties’ terms, which continue through August 2020. As of the cease-use date, the fair value of this restructuring liability totaled $2.5 million. Offsetting these charges was an adjustment for deferred rent liability relating to this space of $1.1 million. In December 2016, as a result of a change in estimated sublease income, the restructuring liability was increased by $0.6 million.

Harmonic 2017 Restructuring

In the third quarter of 2017, we committed to a new restructuring plan to better align our operating costs with the continued decline in our net revenues. The restructuring activities under the Harmonic 2017 Restructuring Plan have primarily consisted of global workforce reductions and an excess facility closure.

In the three and nine months ended September 29, 2017, we recorded $2.4 million of restructuring and related charges under the Harmonic 2017 Restructuring Plan consisting of $2.1 million of employee severance and $0.3 million of excess facilities costs related to the closure of our research and development officeexpenses in New York.the United States were required starting January 1, 2022, by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which resulted in income tax expense in the United States in the prior period due to the full valuation allowance in the U.S. at that time.


Segment Financial Results
Below is a table of our segment financial results.
Interest Expense, Net
 Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except percentages)March 29, 2024March 31, 2023Change
Broadband
Revenue$78,897 $100,351 $(21,454)(21)%
as % of total revenue65 %64 %1 %
Operating income (1)
8,594 20,113 (11,519)(57)%
Operating margin % (1)
11 %20 %(9)%
Video
Revenue$43,163 $57,298 $(14,135)(25)%
as % of total revenue35 %36 %(1)%
Operating income (1)
(7,351)(1,426)(5,925)415 %
Operating margin % (1)
(17)%(2)%(15)%
Total
Revenue$122,060 $157,649 $(35,589)(23)%
Interest expense, net was $2.8Broadband
Our Broadband segment revenue decreased by $21.5 million and $2.7during the three months ended March 29, 2024, compared to the corresponding period in 2023, primarily due to a customer delaying orders due to a technology transition. Our Broadband segment operating margin decreased during the three months ended March 29, 2024, compared to the corresponding period in 2023, primarily due to the decrease in revenue.
Video
Our Video segment revenue decreased by $14.1 million for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016, respectively. Interest expense, net was $8.1 million and $7.8 million for2024, compared to the nine months ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016, respectively. Interest expense, net increasedcorresponding period in the three and nine months ended September 29, 20172023, primarily due to increased amortization of discountlower product sales across all regions, mainly driven by order and issuance costs for the Notes issued in December 2015.project delays by our customers.


Other Expense, Net
Other expense, net was $0.5 million forVideo segment operating margin decreased during the three months ended SeptemberMarch 29, 2017, compared to other expense, net of $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. Other expense, net was $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 29, 2017, compared to other expense, net of $5,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Our other expense, net is primarily comprised of foreign exchange gains and losses on cash, accounts receivable and intercompany balances denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the reporting entity. Our foreign currency exposure is primarily driven by the fluctuations in the foreign currency exchanges rates of the Euro, British pound, Japanese yen and Israeli shekels. The increase in other expense, net in the three and nine months ended September 29, 2017,2024, compared to the corresponding periods in 2016, was primarily related to unfavorable foreign exchange impact resulting from the volatility of the Euro against the U.S. dollars on the inter-company balances.

To mitigate the volatility related to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, we may enter into various foreign currency forward contracts. See “Foreign Currency Exchange Risk” under Item 3 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.


Loss on Impairment of Long-term Investment
Beginning in late 2015 and continuing through 2016, Vislink’s stock price was below its cost basis for a prolonged period of time. Based on our assessment, we recorded a $1.5 million and $1.2 million impairment charges in the first and third quarter of 2016, respectively, reflecting the new reduced cost basis of the Vislink investment at September 30, 2016. As of December 31, 2016, Vislink’s stock price increased approximately 67% from the stock price as of September 30, 2016.

On February 3, 2017, Vislink (from thereon, referred to as Pebble Beach Systems) completed the disposal of its hardware division and changed its name to Pebble Beach Systems. On February 6, 2017, Pebble Beach Systems announced its financial results for fiscal 2016 which showed a significant increase in operating loss. As of September 29, 2017, Pebble Beach Systems’ stock price had declined 82% from the stock price as of December 31, 2016 and Pebble Beach Systems is currently seeking alternatives to maximize value of its shareholders, which could include a sale of the company. In view of Pebble Beach Systems’ potential sale opportunity, we determined that the decline in the fair value of Pebble Beach Systems’ investment is not considered permanent yet, and as a result, the $0.6 million cumulative loss in Pebble Beach Systems’ investment in the nine months ended 2017 was recorded to other comprehensive loss. Our remaining maximum exposure to loss from the Pebble

Beach Systems’ investment at September 29, 2017 was approximately $0.5 million, consisting of the carrying value of $0.2 million and the accumulated unrealized loss of $0.3 million.


Income Taxes
The following table presents the (benefit from) provision for income taxes and the effective income tax rate for the three and nine months endedSeptember 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 (in thousands, except percentages):
 Three months ended    Nine months ended   
 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Q3 FY17 vs Q3 FY16 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Q3 FY17 YTD vs Q3 FY16 YTD
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes$(1,915) $(242) $(1,673)691% $(1,568) $518
 $(2,086)(403)%
Effective income tax rate10.9% 1.5%    2.2% (0.8)%   
Our effective tax rate generally differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% due to favorable tax rates associated with certain earnings from our operations in lower tax jurisdictions throughout the world. In addition, our effective tax rates vary in each period2023, primarily due to specific one-time, discrete items that affected the tax ratedecrease in the respective period.revenue.


Our effective income tax rate23
Table of 2.2% for the nine months ended September 29, 2017 was different from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35%, primarily due to our geographical income mix and favorable tax rates associated with certain earnings from operations in lower-tax jurisdictions, partially offset by the increase in the valuation allowance against U.S. federal, California and other state deferred tax assets and detriment from non-deductible stock-based compensation. In addition, in the first quarter of 2017, we were able to recognize a one-time tax benefit of approximately $1.2 million as a result of the merger of our two subsidiaries in Israel which was approved by the Israeli government in the first quarter of 2017. In the third quarter of 2017, we recorded a $2.4 million tax benefit associated with the release of tax reserves for uncertain tax positions resulting from the expiration of the statutes of limitations on our US corporate tax returns for the 2013 tax year. For the nine months ended September 29, 2017, the remaining discrete adjustments to our tax expense were primarily withholding taxes and the accrual of interest on uncertain tax positions.Contents

Our effective income tax rate of (0.8)% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was different from U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to favorable tax rates associated with certain earnings from operations in lower-tax jurisdictions, and the tax benefit from the realization of certain deferred tax assets as a result of the TVN acquisition, partially offset by the increase in the valuation allowance against U.S. federal, California and other state deferred tax assets, detriment from non-deductible stock-based compensation, non-deductible amortization of foreign intangibles, and the net of various discrete tax adjustments.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of September 29, 2017,We expect to continue to manage our principal sources of liquidity consisted of cash from operations effectively, together with deploying cash in working capital for growth. The cash we generate from our operations enables us to fund ongoing operations, our research and cash equivalents of $50.0 million, net accounts receivable of $71.6 milliondevelopment projects for new products and borrowings from the capital markets as well as financing from French government agencies. We assumed certain debts as a result of the TVN acquisition which were primarily related to long-term financing arrangements with French government agencies, and to a lesser extent, financing obtained from other financing institutions and the aggregate balances of these debts was $22.9 million as of September 29, 2017. Our principal uses of cash will include repayments of debt and related interest, purchases of inventory, payroll, restructuring expensestechnologies, and other operating expenses related to the development, marketing of our products, purchases of property and equipment and other contractual obligations for the foreseeable future.business activities. We believe thatcontinually evaluate our cash needs and cash equivalents of $50.0 million at September 29, 2017 will be sufficientmay decide it is best to raise additional capital or seek alternative financing sources to fund our principal usesoperations and the growth of cash for at least the next 12 months. However, if our expectations are incorrect, we may need to raise additional funds to fund our operations,business, to take advantage of unanticipated strategic opportunities, or to strengthen our financial position.position, including through drawdowns on existing or new debt facilities or new financing (debt and equity) funds. In the future, we may enter into other arrangements for potential investments in, or acquisitions of, complementary businesses, services or technologies, which could require us to seek additional equity or debt financing. Additional funds may not be available on terms favorable to us or at all. Conversely, we may also from time to time determine that it is in our best interests to voluntarily repay certain indebtedness early. We believe that our current sources of funds will provide us with adequate liquidity during the 12-month period following March 29, 2024, as well as in the long-term.

Material Cash Requirements
Our principal uses of cash will include repayments of debt and related interest, purchases of inventory, stock repurchases, payments for payroll, restructuring expenses, and other operating expenses related to the development and marketing of our products, purchases of property and equipment, facility leases, and other contractual obligations for the foreseeable future.
As of SeptemberMarch 29, 2017, $38.72024, we had outstanding $130.6 million in aggregate principal amount of indebtedness, consisting of our 2024 Notes, and other debts, of which $119.9 million is scheduled to become due in the 12-month period following March 29, 2024. As of March 29, 2024, our total minimum lease payments are $28.7 million, of which $5.3 million is due before December 31, 2024.
In February 2022, the Board of Directors authorized us to repurchase, from time to time, up to $100 million of our outstanding shares of common stock through February 2025, at such time and such prices as management may decide. The program does not obligate us to repurchase any specific number of shares and may be discontinued at any time. As of March 29, 2024, approximately $73.2 million of the share repurchase authorization remained available for repurchases under this program.
Sources and Conditions of Liquidity
Our sources to fund our material cash requirements are predominantly from the sales of our products and services and, when applicable, proceeds from debt facilities and debt and equity offerings.
As of March 29, 2024, our principal sources of liquidity consisted of cash and cash equivalents balanceof $84.3 million, net accounts receivable of $105.9 million, $30.0 million from our receivables purchase arrangement, $160.0 million from our Credit Agreement, and financing from French government agencies.
Our cash and cash equivalents of $84.3 million as of March 29, 2024 consisted of bank deposits held throughout the world and money market funds, of which $41.9 million was held in our foreign subsidiaries.outside of the United States. At present, such foreign funds after settling any intercompany balances owed to the U.S. parent company, are considered to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign countries to the extent of indefinitely reinvested foreign earnings. In the event funds from foreign operations to the extent such funds are indefinitely reinvested foreign earnings, are needed to fund cash needs in the

United States and if U.S. taxes have not already been previously accrued, we wouldmay be required to accrue and pay additional U.S. and foreign withholding taxes in order to repatriate these funds.

In September 2023, we entered into a Master Receivables Purchase Agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A, as purchaser. The agreement allows us, from time to time, to sell certain eligible billed receivables in an aggregate outstanding amount of up to $30 million. As of March 29, 2024, there were no receivables sold under this agreement.
In December 2015,2023, we entered into a Credit Agreement by and among us, certain of our subsidiaries from time to time party thereto, the lenders from time to time party thereto, and Citibank, N.A., as administrative agent for the lenders (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides for a secured revolving loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $120.0 million (the “Revolving Facility”), with a $10.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit, and a secured delayed draw term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $40.0 million (the “Term Facility”). The Credit Agreement refinances and replaces our prior credit agreement, dated as of December 19, 2019, as amended, with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as lender. The proceeds of the loans under the Term Facility must be used to repurchase, redeem, acquire or otherwise settle our 2024 Notes. As of March 29, 2024, there were no borrowings outstanding.
As of March 29, 2024, there were approximately $2.9 million of letters of credit outstanding.

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On January 30, 2024, we issued $128.25a notice to redeem our outstanding 2024 Notes in full pursuant to the terms of the 2024 Notes Indenture, which have holders the right to convert their 2024 Notes prior to the redemption date. On April 18, 2024, we settled the conversions of the entire $115.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes. We incurred approximately $4.1 million of debt issuance cost. The Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.00% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on June 1, 2016 and mature on December 1, 2020. ConcurrentIn accordance with the issuanceprovisions of the 2024 Notes Indenture, we used $49.9 millionsettled such conversions of the net proceeds from the2024 Notes to repurchase 11.1by paying and delivering, as applicable, a combination of $115.5 million in cash and 4.6 million shares of our common stock. TheTo finance the conversion of the 2024 Notes, we borrowed $75.0 million under the Revolving Facility and $40.0 million on the Term Facility, in each case, under our Credit Agreement. As of April 18, 2024, we had $45.0 million remaining net proceeds fromavailable for borrowing under the Notes were used to fund our acquisitionRevolving Facility and no remaining amounts available for borrowing under the Term Facility.
Summary of TVN, which was completed on February 29, 2016.Cash Flows
The table below sets forth selected cash flow data for the periods presented (in thousands):
data:
Nine months ended
September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016
Three Months EndedThree Months Ended
(in thousands)(in thousands)March 29, 2024March 31, 2023
Net cash provided by (used in):   
Operating activities
Operating activities
Operating activities$(5,970) $(12,638)
Investing activities(2,177) (68,400)
Financing activities1,276
 (229)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash1,275
 (182)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents$(5,596) $(81,449)
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operations decreased $6.7provided by operating activities increased by $20.6 million induring the ninefirst three months ended September 29, 2017,of fiscal 2024, compared to the corresponding period in 2016,fiscal 2023, primarily due to morea decrease in cash being generated from netused in our working capital, partially offset in part by a $13.4 million increase in net loss after adjustments for non-cash items.in the first three months of fiscal 2024, compared to a net income in the first three months of fiscal 2023.
We expect that cash provided by or used in operating activities may fluctuate in future periods as a result of a number of factors, including, but not limited to, instability and uncertainty in the financial services sector, risk of regional escalation of the conflicts in the Middle East and Russia-Ukraine conflicts and related macroeconomic conditions on demand for our offerings as well as potential impact on our operations in Israel and Ukraine, fluctuations in our operating results, shipment linearity, accounts receivable collections performance, inventory and supply chain management, income tax reserves adjustments, and the timing and amount of compensation and other payments.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities decreased $66.2by $0.4 million induring the ninefirst three months ended September 29, 2017,of fiscal 2024, compared to the corresponding period in 2016,2023, primarily due to the $75.7 million net cash paid for the TVN acquisitionfewer purchases of property and equipment in the first nine monthsthree month of 2016.fiscal 2024.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided byused in financing activities increased $1.5by $20.5 million induring the ninefirst three months ended September 29, 2017,of fiscal 2024, compared to the corresponding period in 2016,2023, primarily due to higher proceeds from the issuancestock repurchases of common stock to employees as well as$21.7 million in the first three months of fiscal 2024, partially offset by $0.9 million lower debt payments, offset in party by higher payment of tax withholding obligations related to net share settlementssettlement of restricted stock in the nine months of 2017.units.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments
Future payments under contractual obligations and other commercial commitments, as of September 29, 2017 are as follows (in thousands):


 Payments due by period
 
Total
Amounts
Committed
 Less than 1 year 1 to 3 years 4 to 5 years More than 5 years
Convertible debt$128,250
 $—
 $—
 $128,250
 $—
Interest on convertible debt17,955
 5,130
 10,260
 2,565
 —
Other debts21,539
 6,474
 13,870
 1,025
 170
Capital Lease1,334
 960
 351
 23
 —
Operating leases50,144
 13,666
 21,328
 7,281
 7,869
Purchase commitments27,764
 21,325
 4,202
 1,239
 998
Avid litigation settlement fees6,000
 2,500
 3,500
 —
 —
  Total contractual obligations$252,986
 $50,055
 $53,511
 $140,383
 $9,037
Other commercial commitments:         
  Standby letters of credit$845
 $305
 $540
 $—
 $—
    Total commercial commitments$845
 $305
 $540
 $—
 $—


Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We did not have any other off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 29, 2017.


ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our operating results, financial position or liquidity due to adverse changes in market prices and rates. We are exposed to market risk because of changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, when other currencies held by our subsidiaries are measured against the U.S. dollar, and to changes in the value of financial instruments held by us.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
We marketFor quantitative and sell our products and services through our direct sales force and indirect channel partners in North America, EMEA, APAC and Latin America. Accordingly, we are subject to exposure from adverse movements inqualitative disclosures about foreign currency exchange rates, primarilyrisk and interest rate risk affecting the Euro, British poundCompany, see Item 7A “Quantitative and Japanese yen.Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. Our U.S. dollar functional subsidiaries, which accounted for approximately 96% of our consolidated net revenue in the nine months ended September 29, 2017, recorded net billings denominated in foreign currencies of approximately 18% of their net billings in the first nine months of 2017, compared to 12% in the corresponding period in 2016. The increase was primarily due to the acquisition of TVN which increased our foreign customer base. In addition, a portion of our operating expenses, primarily the cost of personnel to deliver technical support on our products and professional services, sales and sales support and research and development, are denominated in foreign currencies, primarily the Israeli shekels.
We use derivative instruments, primarily forward contracts, to manage exposuresexposure related to foreign currency exchange ratesrisk and we dointerest rate risk has not enter into foreign currency forward contracts for trading purposes.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments (Balance Sheet Hedges)

We enter into forward currency contracts to hedge foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities. These derivative instruments are marked to market through earnings each accounting period and mature generally within three months. Changes in the fair value of these foreign currency forward contracts are recognized in “Other expense, net” in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and are largely offset by the changes in the fair value of the underlying assets or liabilities being hedged.

The U.S. dollar equivalents of all outstanding notional amounts of foreign currency forward contracts, including the Euro, British pound, Israeli shekels, Japanese yen and Mexican peso, are summarized as follows (in thousands):



September 29, 2017 December 31, 2016
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
 
Purchase$12,925
 $4,056
Sell$1,501
 $11,157

Interest rate risk

Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our investment portfolio of marketable investment securities and outstanding debt arrangements with variable rate interests, as well as our borrowings under the bank line of credit facility.
On September 27, 2017, we entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank. The Loan Agreement provides for a secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $15.0 million. Loans under the Loan Agreement will bear interest, at the Company’s option, and subject to certain conditions, at an annual rate of either a prime rate or a LIBOR rate (each as customarily defined), plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin for LIBOR rate advances is 2.25%. There will be no applicable margin for prime rate advances when we are in compliance with the liquidity requirement of at least $20.0 million in the aggregate of consolidated cash plus availability under the Loan Agreement (the “Liquidity Requirement”) and 0.25% for prime rate advances when we are not in compliance with the Liquidity Requirement. We may not request LIBOR advances when it is not in compliance with the Liquidity Requirement. Interest on each advance is due and payable monthly and the principal balance is due at maturity.
We have no borrowings under the Loan Agreement from the closing of the Loan Agreement through September 29, 2017.
As of September 29, 2017, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $50.0 million. We had $6.9 million of short-term investments atchanged materially since December 31, 2016 and these investments were sold during the first quarter2023.

25
Table of 2017. We had no short-term investments as of September 29, 2017.Contents
As a result of the TVN acquisition, we assumed various debt instruments. The aggregate debt balance of such instruments at September 29, 2017 was $22.9 million, of which $1.3 million relates to obligations under capital leases with fixed interest rates. The remaining $21.6 million are debt instruments primarily financed by French government agencies, and to a lesser extent, term loans from other financing institutions. These debt instruments have maturities ranging from three to eight years; expiring from 2017 through 2023. A majority of the loans are tied to the 1 month EURIBOR rate plus spread. (See Note 11, “Convertible notes, Other Debts and Capital Leases” of the notes to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information). As of September 29, 2017, a hypothetical 1.0% increase in market interest rates on our debts subject to variable interest rate fluctuations would increase our interest expense by approximately $0.3 million annually.
As of September 29, 2017, we had $128.25 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes outstanding, which have a fixed 4.0% coupon rate.


ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of disclosure controlsDisclosure Controls and proceduresProcedures
We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Additionally, in designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.
Based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer evaluated the changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarterly period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. With effect from January 1, 2017, TVN is fully integrated into our overall internal control over financial reporting process. Based on their evaluation, it is concluded that there had been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended SeptemberMarch 29, 20172024 that havehad materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.



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PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
In October 2011, Avid Technology, Inc. (“Avid”) filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that our MediaGrid product infringes two patents held by Avid. A jury trial on this complaint commenced on January 23, 2014 and, on February 4, 2014, the jury returned a unanimous verdict in favor of us, rejecting Avid’s infringement allegations in their entirety. In January 2015, Avid filed an appeal with respect to the jury’s verdict with the Federal Circuit. In January 2016, the Federal Circuit issued an order vacating the verdict of noninfringement and remanding the case to the trial court for a new trial on infringement.  

In June 2012, Avid served a subsequent complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that our Spectrum product infringes one patent held by Avid. The complaint sought injunctive relief and unspecified damages. In September 2013, the U.S. Patent Trial and Appeal Board (“PTAB”) authorized an inter partes review to be instituted as to claims 1-16 of the patent asserted in this second complaint. In July 2014, the PTAB issued a decision finding claims 1-10 invalid and claims 11-16 not invalid. We filed an appeal with respect to the PTAB’s decision on claims 11-16 in September 2014, and the Federal Circuit affirmed the PTAB’s decision in April 2016.  

In July 2017, the court issued a scheduling order consolidating both cases and setting the trial date for November 6, 2017. 

On October 19, 2017, the parties agreed to settle the consolidated cases by entering into a settlement and patent portfolio cross-license agreement, and the cases were dismissed with prejudice. The settlement included a multi-year patent portfolio cross-license. In connection with the agreement, we recorded a $6.0 million litigation settlement expense in the three months ended September 29, 2017 and this expense is included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. The associated $6.0 million settlement liability is recorded as $2.5 million and $3.5 million in “Accrued Liabilities” and “Other non-current liabilities”, respectively, in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 29, 2017. On October 24, 2017, we paid the first $2.5 million to Avid in accordance with the terms of the settlement agreement and the remaining $1.5 million and $2.0 million will be paid in the second quarter of 2019 and the third quarter of 2020, respectively. 

From time to time, we are involved in lawsuits as well as subject to various legal proceedings, claims, threats of litigation, and investigations in the ordinary course of business, including claims of alleged infringement of third-party patents and other intellectual property rights, and commercial, employment, and other matters. While certain matters to which we are a party may specify the damages claimed, such claims may not represent reasonably possible losses. Given the inherent uncertainties of litigation, the ultimate outcome of these matters cannot be predicted at this time, nor can the amount of possible loss or range of loss, if any, be reasonably estimated.
An unfavorable outcome on any litigation matters could require us to pay substantial damages, or, in connection with any intellectual property infringement claims, could require us to pay ongoing royalty payments or could prevent us from selling certain of our products. As a result, a settlement of, or an unfavorable outcome on, any of the matters referenced above or other litigation matters could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
Our industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent claims and related litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. From time to time, third parties have asserted, and may in the future assert, exclusive patent, copyright, trademark and other intellectual property rights against us or our customers. Such assertions arise in the normal course of our operations. The resolution of any such assertions and claims cannot be predicted with certainty. Refer to Note 13 of the Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part 1, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for details on legal proceedings.


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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Risk Factor Summary
Our business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties that make an investment in us speculative and risky. Below we summarize what we believe are the principal risk factors but these risks are not the only ones we face, and you should carefully review and consider the full discussion of our risk factors in the section titled “Risk Factors,” together with the other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. If any of the following risks actually occurs (or if any of those listed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q occur), our business, reputation, financial condition, results of operations, revenue, and future prospects could be seriously harmed. In that event, the market price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are not material, may also become important factors that adversely affect our business.
•We depend on cable, satellite and telco, and broadcast and media industry spending for our revenue and any material decrease or delay in spending in any of these industries would negatively impact our operating results, financial condition and cash flows;
•The loss of one or more of our key customers, a failure to continue diversifying our customer base, or a decrease in the number of larger transactions could harm our business and our operating results;
•We need to develop and introduce new and enhanced products and solutions in a timely manner to meet the needs of our customers and to remain competitive;
•The markets in which we operate are intensely competitive;
•Our future growth depends on a number of video and broadband industry trends;
•Our software-based broadband product initiatives expose us to certain technology transition risks that may adversely impact our operating results, financial condition and cash flows;
•Our operating results are likely to fluctuate significantly and, as a result, may fail to meet or exceed the expectations of securities analysts or investors, causing our stock price to decline;
•We purchase several key components, subassemblies and modules used in the manufacture or integration of our products from sole or limited sources, and we rely on contract manufacturers and other subcontractors;
•We face risks associated with having employees and operations in Israel and outsourced engineering resources located in Ukraine; and
•We rely on resellers, value-added resellers and systems integrators for a significant portion of our revenue, and disruptions to, or our failure to develop and manage our relationships with these customers or the processes and procedures that support them could adversely affect our business.
Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry
We depend on cable, satellite and telco, and broadcast and media industry capital spending for our revenue and any material decrease or delay in capital spending in any of these industries would negatively impact our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

Our revenue has been derived from worldwide sales to service providers and broadcast and media companies, as well as, more recently, emergingand streaming media companies. We expect that these markets will provide our revenue for the foreseeable future. Demand for our products and solutions will depend on the magnitude and timing of capital spending by customers in each of these

markets for the purpose of creating, expanding or upgrading their systems. These capital spending patterns are dependent on a variety of factors, including:

•the impact of general economic conditions, actual and projected;projected, including inflation, rising interest rates, lower consumer confidence, volatile capital markets, supply chain disruptions, uncertainty and volatility in the financial services sector and the impact of the conflicts in the Middle East and Russia-Ukraine conflicts, and government and business responses thereto, on the global economy and regional economies;

•access to financing;

•annual capital spending budget cycles of customers in each of the industries we serve;


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•the impact of industry consolidation;

•customers suspending, reducing or reducing capitalshifting spending in anticipation of:due to: (i) new standards, such as HEVC and DOCSIS 3.1;video or broadband industry standards; (ii) industry trends and technology shifts, such as virtualization and cloud-based solutions, and (iii) new products and solutions, such as products and services based on our VOS software platform or the CCAP architecture, suchour cOS (formerly CableOS) software-based broadband access solutions;
•delayed or reduced near-term spending as CableOS;customers transition away from video appliance solutions and adopt new business and operating models enabled by software- and cloud-based solutions, including SaaS unified video processing solutions;

•federal, state, local and foreign government regulation of telecommunications,broadband, telco, television broadcasting and streaming media;

•overall demand for communication services and consumer acceptance of new video and data technologies and services;

•competitive pressures, including pricing pressures;

•the impact of fluctuations in currency exchange rates;rates, such as the strengthening of the U.S. dollar; and

•discretionary end-user customer spending patterns.

In the past, specific factors contributing to reduced capital spending have included:

•weak or uncertain economic and financial conditions in the U.S.United States or one or more international markets;

•uncertainty related to development of digital video industry standards;technology;

•delays in evaluations of new services, new standards and systems architectures by many operators;certain customers;

•emphasis by operatorscertain of our customers on generating revenue from existing customers,subscribers or end-customers, rather than from new customers,subscribers or end-customers, through construction, expansion or upgrades;

•a reduction in the amount of capital available to finance projects of our customers and potential customers;

•proposed and completed business combinations and divestitures by our customers and the length of regulatory review of each;

•completion of a new system or significant expansion or upgrade to a system; and

•bankruptcies and financial restructuring of major customers.

In the past, adverse economic conditions in one or more of the geographies in which we offer our products have adversely affected our customers’ capital spending in those geographies and, as a result, our business. During challenging economic times, such as those caused by the conflicts in the Middle East and the Russia-Ukraine conflicts, inflation, currency devaluation, and bank insolvencies and related uncertainty and volatility in the financial services sector and in tight credit markets, many customers have delayed and reduced and may continue to delay or reduce capital expenditures. This has resulted and could continue to result in reductions in revenue from our products, longer sales cycles, difficulties in collection of accounts receivable, slower adoption of new technologies and increased price competition. If global economic and market conditions, or economic conditions in the U.S.,United States, Europe or other key markets, remain uncertain or deteriorate, we could experience a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Additionally, since most of our international revenue is denominated in U.S. dollars, global economic and market conditions may impact currency exchange rates and cause our products to become relatively more expensive to customers in a particular country or region, which could lead to delayed or reduced capital spending in those countries or regions, thereby negatively impacting our business and financial condition.


In addition, industry consolidation has in the past constrained, and may in the future constrain or delay, capital spending by our customers. Further, if our product portfolio and product development plans do not position us well to capture an increased portion of the capital spending of customers in the markets on which we focus, our revenue may decline.

As a result of these capitalvarious factors and potential issues related to customer spending, issues, we may not be able to maintain or increase our revenue in the future, and our operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.


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The loss of one or more of our key customers, a failure to continue diversifying our customer base, or a decrease in the number of larger transactions could harm our business and our operating results.
Historically, a significant portion of our revenue has been derived from relatively few customers, due in part to the consolidation of media customers. Sales to our top 10 customers in the three months ended March 29, 2024, accounted for approximately 65% of our net revenue compared to 68% for the corresponding period in 2023. Although we continue to seek to broaden our customer base by penetrating new markets and further expanding internationally, we expect to see continuing industry consolidation and customer concentration.
During the three months ended March 29, 2024, Comcast and Charter Communications accounted for approximately 29% and 17% of our net revenue, respectively. For the corresponding period in 2023, Comcast accounted for 47% of our net revenue. Further consolidation in the cable industry could lead to additional revenue concentration for us. The loss of any significant customer, or any material reduction in orders from any other significant customer, or our failure to qualify our new products with any significant customer could materially and adversely affect, either long term or in a particular quarter, our operating results, financial condition and cash flows. If Comcast or other significant Broadband customers deploy our solutions slower or at a scale that is lower than we anticipate, our operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be materially and adversely effected.
In addition, in most quarters, we are involved in one or more relatively large individual transactions. A decrease in the number of the relatively larger individual transactions in which we are involved in any quarter could materially and adversely affect our operating results for that quarter.
As a result of these and other factors, we may be unable to increase our revenues from some or all of the markets we address, or to do so profitably, and any failure to increase revenues and profits from these customers could materially and adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
We need to develop and introduce new and enhanced products and solutions in a timely manner to meet the needs of our customers and to remain competitive.
All of the markets we address are characterized by continuing technological advancement, changes in customer requirements and evolving industry standards. To compete successfully, we must continually design, develop, manufacture and sell new or enhanced products and solutions that provide increasingly higher levels of performance and reliability and meet our customers’ changing needs. However, we may not be successful in those efforts if, among other things, our products and solutions:
• are not cost effective;
• are not brought to market in a timely manner;
• are not in accordance with evolving industry standards;
• fail to meet market acceptance or customer requirements; or
• are ahead of the needs of their markets.
If new standards or some of our new products are adopted later than we predict or not adopted at all, or if adoption occurs earlier than we are able to deliver the applicable products or functionality, we risk spending significant research and development time and dollars on products or features that may never achieve market acceptance or that miss the customer demand window and thus do not produce the revenue that a timely introduction would have likely produced.
If we fail to develop and market new and enhanced products and solutions on a timely basis, our operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
The markets in which we operate are intensely competitive.

The markets for our products are extremely competitive and have been characterized by rapid technological change and declining average sales prices in the past.

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Our competitors in our Broadband business include a number of suppliers of networking and communications equipment and solutions to broadband service providers. Our competitors in our Video appliance business segment include vertically integrated system suppliers, such as Arris Group, Cisco Systemsare primarily comprised of providers of video delivery and Ericsson,video processing and incompression products and solutions, broadcast equipment and solutions providers, and certain product lines, other companies including ATEME and Elemental Technologies (an Amazon Web Services company). With respect to production and playout products, competitors include Evertz Microsystems, EVS, Grass Valley (a Belden brand) and Imagine Communications.network infrastructure providers. Our competitors in our Cable EdgeVideo SaaS business include Arris, Casa Systemscompanies that offer video delivery and Cisco Systems.processing SaaS solutions, SaaS video streaming platform providers, and certain public cloud service providers.

ManyA number of our principal business competitors in both of our business segments are substantially larger and/or as a result of consolidation activitymay have become larger, and haveaccess to greater financial, technical, marketing andor other resources than we have, and have been in operation longer than we have. Consolidation in the Video industry has led to the acquisition of a number of our historic competitors over the last several years. For example, Motorola Home, BigBand Networksyears by private equity firms and C-Cor were acquired by Arris; NDS and Scientific Atlanta were acquired by Cisco Systems; Envivio and Tandberg Television were acquired by Ericsson; Elemental Technologies was acquired by Amazon; and Miranda Technologies and Grass Valley were acquired by Belden Inc.

Amazon Web Services. With respect to our Broadband business, certain competitors are substantially larger than us.
In addition, some of our larger competitors may have more long-standing and established relationships with certain domestic and foreign customers. Many of these large enterprises are in a better position to withstand any significant reduction in capital spending by customers in our markets.markets and may be better able to navigate periods of market uncertainty, such as the uncertainty caused by the conflicts in the Middle East and the Russia-Ukraine conflicts and related risks of escalation or broader regional conflicts, bank insolvency and related uncertainty and volatility in the financial services sector and inflation. They often have broader product lines and market focus, and may not be as susceptible to downturns in a particular market. These competitors may also be able to bundle their products together to meet the needs of a particular customer, and may be capable of delivering more complete solutions than we are able to provide. To the extent large enterprises that currently do not compete directly with us choose to enter our markets by acquisition or otherwise, competition would likely intensify.

Further, some of our competitors that have greater financial resources have offered, and in the future may offer, their products at lower prices than we offer for our competing products or on more attractive financing or payment terms, which has in the past caused, and may in the future cause, us to lose sales opportunities and the resulting revenue or to reduce our prices in response to that competition. Also, some competitors that are smaller than we areus have engaged in, and may continue to engage in, aggressive price competition in order to gain customer traction and market share. Reductions in prices for any of our products could materially and adversely affect our operating margins and revenue.

Additionally, certain customers and potential customers have developed, and may continue to develop, their own solutions that may cause such customers or potential customers to not consider our product offerings or to displace our installed products with their own solutions. The growing availability of open source codecs and related software, as well as new server chipsets that incorporate encoding technology, has, in certain respects, lowered the barriers to entry for the video processing industry. The development of solutions by potential and existing customers and the reduction of the barriers to entry to enter the video processing industry could result in increased competition and adversely affect our results of operations and business.

If any of our competitors’ products or technologies were to become the industry standard, our business could be seriously harmed. If our competitors are successful in bringing their products to market earlier than us, or if these products are more technologically capable than ours, our revenue could be materially and adversely affected.

We need to develop and introduce new and enhanced products in a timely manner to meet the needs of our customers and to remain competitive.

All of the markets we address are characterized by continuing technological advancement, changes in customer requirements and evolving industry standards. To compete successfully, we must continually design, develop, manufacture and sell new or enhanced products that provide increasingly higher levels of performance and reliability and meet our customers changing needs. However, we may not be successful in those efforts if, among other things, our products:

• are not cost effective;


• are not brought to market in a timely manner;

• are not in accordance with evolving industry standards;

• fail to meet market acceptance or customer requirements; or

• are ahead of the needs of their markets.

We are currently developing and marketing products based on the latest video compression standards, such as HEVC, which provides significantly greater compression efficiency, thereby making more bandwidth available to operators. At the same time, we continue to devote development resources to enhance the existing AVC/H.264 compression of our products, which many of our customers continue to require. There can be no assurance that these efforts will be successful in the near future, or at all, or that our competitors will not take significant market share in encoding or transcoding.

We continue to focus our development efforts on key product solutions in our Video and Cable Edge businesses. Our VOS solution is a software-based, cloud-enabled platform that unifies the entire media processing chain, from ingest to delivery. We have launched a number of VOS-based product solutions and services, including Electra XVM, VOS Cloud and VOS360. In our Cable Edge business, we have launched and continue to develop our CableOS software-based CCAP systems, and we continue to develop, market and sell our NSG edgeQAM solutions.

Many of these products and initiatives are intended to integrate existing and new features and functions in response to shifts in customer demands in the relevant market, as well as to general technology trends (such as virtualized and cloud-based computing, and integrated QAM and CMTS functionality in CCAP-based products) that we believe will significantly impact our industry. The success of these significant and costly development efforts will be predicated, for certain products and initiatives, on the timing of market adoption of the new standards on which the resulting products are based, and for other products, the timing of customer adoption of our products and solutions, as well as our ability to timely develop the features and capabilities of our products and solutions. If new standards or some of our new products are adopted later than we predict or not adopted at all, or if adoption occurs earlier than we are able to deliver the applicable products or functionality, we risk spending significant research and development time and dollars on products or features that may never achieve market acceptance or that miss the customer demand window and thus do not produce the revenue that a timely introduction would have likely produced.

If we fail to develop and market new and enhanced products on a timely basis, our operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.

Our CCAP-based product initiatives expose us to certain technology transition risks that may adversely impact our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

In the last few years, the cable industry has begun to develop and promulgate the CCAP architecture for next-generation cable edge solutions, which combines edge QAM and CMTS functions in a single system in order to combine resources for video and data delivery. We believe our CableOS software-based CCAP systems, available as either a centralized or distributed remote PHY solution, will significantly reduce cable headend costs and increase operational efficiency, and are an important step in cable operators’ transition to all-IP networks. If we are unsuccessful in developing these capabilities in a timely manner, or are otherwise delayed in making such capabilities available to our customers, our business may be adversely impacted, particularly if our competitors develop and market fully compliant products before we do.

We believe CCAP-based systems will, over time, replace and make obsolete current cable edge-QAM solutions, including our cable edge QAM products, as well as current CMTS solutions, which is a market our products have previously not addressed. If demand for our CCAP systems is weaker than expected, or sales of our CCAP-based systems do not adequately offset the expected decline in demand for our non-CCAP cable edge products, or the decline in demand for our non-CCAP cable edge products is more rapid and precipitous than expected, our near and long-term operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be adversely impacted. Further, in September 2016 we granted Comcast a warrant (the “Warrant”) to purchase shares of our common stock to further incentivize them to purchase our products and adopt our technologies, particularly our CableOS software-based CCAP solution. If Comcast does not adopt our CableOS system, or does so more slowly than we anticipate, we may be unable to realize the anticipated benefits of our relationship with Comcast and our business and operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected. Moreover, if a new or competitive architecture for next-generation cable edge solutions is promulgated that renders our CCAP-based systems obsolete, our business may be adversely impacted.


Our future growth depends on market acceptancea number of several broadband services, on the adoption of new broadband technologies,video and on several other broadband industry trends.

Future demand for many of our products will depend significantly on the growing market acceptance of emerging broadband services, including digital video, VOD, Ultra HD, IP video services (particularly streaming to tablet computers, connected TVs and mobile devices) and very high-speed data services. The market demand for such emerging services is rapidly growing, with many custom or proprietary systems in use, which increases the challenge of delivering interoperable products intended to address the requirements of such services.

The effective delivery of these services will depend, in part, on a variety of new network architectures, standards and devices, such as:

• the adoption of cloud-native media processing architectures;

• the adoption of advanced video compression standards, such as next generation H.264 compression and HEVC;

• the CCAP architecture;

• fiber to the premises, or FTTP, networks designed to facilitate the delivery of video services by telcos;

• the greater use of protocols such as IP;

• the further adoption of bandwidth-optimization techniques, such as DOCSIS 3.0 and DOCSIS 3.1; and

• the introduction of new consumer devices, such as advanced set-top boxes, DVRs and network DVRs, connected TVs, tablet computers, and a variety of smart phone mobile devices.

If adoption of these emerging services and/or technologies is not as widespread or as rapid as we expect, or if we are unable to develop new products based on these technologies on a timely basis, our operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.

Furthermore, other technological,Technology, industry and regulatory trends and requirements may affect the growth of our business.
These trends and requirements include the following:

•convergence, whereby network operators bundle video, voice and data services to consumers, including mobile delivery options;

•continued strong consumer demand for streaming video services;
• the increasing availabilitycontinued adoption of traditional broadcastpublic cloud SaaS platforms to stream video content to consumers, as well as for broadcast infrastructure workflows;
•continued growth in targeted advertising as a key revenue source for video streaming service providers;
•the pace of adoption and video-on-demand on the Internet;

• adoptiondeployment of high-bandwidth technology, such as DOCSIS 3.x, DOCSIS 4.0, next generation LTE and FTTP;

•the use of digital video by businesses, governments and educational institutions;institutions globally;

•efforts by regulators and governments in the U.S.United States and internationally to encourage the adoption of broadband and digital technologies, including 5G broadband networks, as well as to regulate broadband access and delivery;


• consumer interest in higher resolution video such as Ultra HD or retina-display technologies on mobile devices;31
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•the need to develop partnerships with other companies involved in video infrastructure workflow and broadband services;

• the continued adoption of the television viewing behaviors of consumers in developed economies by the growing middle class across emerging economies;

• the extent and nature of regulatory attitudes towards issues such as network neutrality, competition between operators, access by third parties to networks of other operators, local franchising requirements for telcos to offer video, and other new services, such as mobile video; and


•the outcome of disputes and negotiations between content owners and service providers regarding rights of service providers to store and distribute recorded broadcast content, which outcomes may drive adoption of one technology over another in some cases.

If we fail to recognize and respond to these trends, by timely developing products, features and services required by these trends, we are likely to lose revenue opportunities and our operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.

Our software-based broadband access product initiatives expose us to certain technology transition risks that may adversely impact our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
We believe our cOS software-based broadband access solutions, supporting centralized, DAA or hybrid configurations, will significantly reduce broadband operator headend costs and increase operational efficiency, and are an important step in operators’ transition to all-IP networks. If we are unsuccessful in continuing to innovate, develop, and deploy our broadband access solutions in a timely manner, or are otherwise delayed in making our solutions available to our customers, our business may be adversely impacted, particularly if our competitors develop and market similar or superior products and solutions.
We believe our software-based broadband access solutions will continue to replace and make obsolete current CMTS solutions, which is a market our products have historically not addressed, as well as cable edge-QAM products. If demand for our software-based broadband access solutions is weaker than expected, our near and long-term operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be adversely impacted. Moreover, if competitors adapt new broadband industry technology standards into competing broadband access solutions faster than we do, or promulgate a new or competitive architecture for next-generation broadband access solutions that renders our cOS solution obsolete, our business may be adversely impacted.
The sales cycle for our cOS solutions tends to be long. For broadband operators, upgrading or expanding network infrastructure is complex and expensive, and investing in a cOS solution is a significant strategic decision that may require considerable time to evaluate, test and qualify. Potential customers need to ensure our cOS solution will interoperate with the various components of its existing network infrastructure, including third-party equipment, servers and software. In addition, since we are a relatively new entrant into the CMTS market, we need to demonstrate significant performance, functionality and/or cost advantages with our cOS solutions that outweigh customer switching costs. If sales cycles are significantly longer than anticipated or we are otherwise unsuccessful in growing our cOS sales, our operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
Our operating results are likely to fluctuate significantly and, as a result, may fail to meet or exceed the expectations of securities analysts or investors, causing our stock price to decline.
Our operating results have fluctuated in the past and are likely to continue to fluctuate in the future, on an annual and a quarterly basis, as a result of several factors, many of which are outside of our control. Some of the factors that may cause these fluctuations include:
•the level and timing of spending of our customers in the United States, Europe and in other markets;
•economic and financial conditions specific to each of the cable, satellite and telco, and broadcast and media industries; general economic and financial market conditions, including impacts from the conflicts in the Middle East and the Russia-Ukraine conflicts and related risks of escalation or broader regional conflicts, tensions between China and Taiwan and China and the United States; bank insolvencies and related uncertainty and volatility in the financial services sector; and inflation and government and business responses thereto as well as related supply chain and labor shortage issues;
•changes in market acceptance of and demand for our products or our customers’ services or products;
•the timing and amount of orders, especially from large individual transactions and transactions with our significant customers;
•the mix of our products sold and the effect it has on gross margins;

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•the timing of revenue recognition, including revenue recognition on sales arrangements and from transactions with significant service and support components, which may span several quarters;
•our transition to a SaaS subscription model for our Video business, which may cause near-term declines in revenue in our Video segment since, unlike Video appliance sales, SaaS revenue is recognized over the applicable subscription term based on service usage;
•the timing of completion of our customers’ projects;
•the length of each customer product upgrade cycle and the volume of purchases during the cycle;
•competitive market conditions, including pricing actions by our competitors;
•the level and mix of our domestic and international revenue;
•new product introductions by our competitors or by us;
•uncertainty in the European Union due to unrest or violence in Ukraine that the ongoing military conflict with the Russian Federation has caused, which could adversely affect our results, financial condition and prospects;
•uncertainty in the Middle East due to the latest developments in the conflicts in the Middle East and the risk of escalation and broader conflict in the region, which could also adversely affect our results, financial condition and prospects;
•changes in domestic and international regulatory environments affecting our business;
•the evaluation of new services, new standards and system architectures by our customers;
•the cost and timely availability to us of components, subassemblies and modules;
•the mix of our customer base, by industry and size, and sales channels;
•changes in our operating and extraordinary expenses;
•the timing of acquisitions and dispositions by us and the financial impact of such transactions;
•impairment of our goodwill;
•the impact of litigation, such as related litigation expenses and settlement costs;
•write-downs of inventory and investments;
•changes in our effective federal tax rate, including as a result of changes in our valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets, and changes in our effective state tax rates, including as a result of apportionment;
•changes to tax rules related to the deferral of foreign earnings and compliance with foreign tax rules;
•the impact of applicable accounting guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes that requires us to establish reserves for uncertain tax positions and accrue potential tax penalties and interest; and
•the impact of applicable accounting guidance on business combinations that requires us to record charges for certain acquisition related costs and expenses and generally to expense restructuring costs associated with a business combination subsequent to the acquisition date.
The timing of deployment of our products by our customers can be subject to a number of other risks, including the availability of skilled engineering and technical personnel, and the availability of third-party equipment and services. For our Video business, deployment risks may also include our customers’ ability to negotiate and enter into rights agreements with video content owners that provide our customers with the right to deliver certain video content, and our customers’ need for local franchise and licensing approvals.
We often recognize a substantial portion of our quarterly revenue in the last month of the quarter. We establish our expenditure levels for product development and other operating expenses based on projected revenue levels for a specified period, and expenses are relatively fixed in the short term. Accordingly, even small variations in the timing of revenue, particularly from relatively large individual transactions, can cause significant fluctuations in operating results in a particular quarter.

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As a result of these factors and other factors, our operating results in one or more future periods may fail to meet or exceed the expectations of securities analysts or investors. In that event, the trading price of our common stock would likely decline.
We purchase several key components, subassemblies and modules used in the manufacture or integration of our products from sole or limited sources, and we rely on contract manufacturers and other subcontractors.
Our reliance on sole or limited suppliers, particularly foreign suppliers, and our reliance on contractors for manufacturing and installation of our products, involves several risks, including a potential inability to obtain an adequate supply of required components, subassemblies or modules; reduced control over costs, quality and timely delivery of components, subassemblies or modules; supplier discontinuation of components, subassemblies or modules we require; and timely installation of products. In addition, our financial results may be impacted by tariffs imposed by the United States on goods from other countries and tariffs imposed by other countries on U.S. goods. If any such tariffs are imposed on products or components that we import, including those obtained from a sole supplier or a limited group of suppliers, we could experience reduced revenues or may have to raise our prices, either of which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
These risks could be heightened during a substantial economic slowdown because our suppliers and subcontractors are more likely to experience adverse changes in their financial condition and operations during such a period. Further, these risks could materially and adversely affect our business if one of our sole sources, or a sole source of one of our suppliers or contract manufacturers, is adversely affected by a natural disaster or the outbreak of disease, epidemics and pandemics. These risks could also be heightened by geopolitical factors. For example, a number of the components we use in our products are sourced through Taiwan. Deterioration of relations between Taiwan and China and the United States, the resulting actions taken by any of these parties, and other factors affecting the political or economic conditions of Taiwan in the future, could adversely impact our supply chain, international sales and operations. While we expend resources to qualify additional component sources, consolidation of suppliers and the small number of viable alternatives have limited the results of these efforts. Managing our supplier and contractor relationships is particularly difficult during time periods in which we introduce new products and during time periods in which demand for our products is increasing, especially if demand increases more quickly than we expect.
Plexus Services Corp. (“Plexus”), which manufactures our products at its facilities in Malaysia, currently serves as our primary contract manufacturer, and currently accounts for a majority, by dollar amount, of the products that we purchase from our contract manufacturers. From time to time, we assess our relationship with our contract manufacturers, and we do not generally maintain long-term agreements with any of our suppliers or contract manufacturers. Our agreement with Plexus has automatic annual renewals, unless prior notice is given by either party, and has been automatically renewed for a term expiring in October 2024.
Difficulties in managing relationships with any of our current contract manufacturers, particularly Plexus, that manufacture our products off-shore, or any of our suppliers of key components, subassemblies and modules used in our products, could impede our ability to meet our customers’ requirements and adversely affect our operating results. An inability to obtain adequate and timely deliveries of our products or any components or materials used in our products, or the inability of any of our contract manufacturers to scale their production to meet demand, or any other circumstance that would require us to seek alternative sources of supply, would negatively affect our ability to ship our products on a timely basis, which could damage relationships with current and prospective customers and harm our business and materially and adversely affect our revenue and other operating results. Furthermore, if we fail to meet customers’ supply expectations, our revenue would be adversely affected and we may lose sales opportunities, both short and long term, which could materially and adversely affect our business and our operating results, financial condition and cash flows. Increases, from time to time, in demand on our suppliers and subcontractors from our customers or from other parties have, on occasion, caused delays in the availability of certain components and products. In response, we may increase our inventories of certain components and products and expedite shipments of our products when necessary. These actions could increase our costs and could also increase our risk of holding obsolete or excess inventory, which, despite our use of a demand order fulfillment model, could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

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Operational Risks
We rely on resellers, value-added resellers and systems integrators for a significant portion of our Video business revenue, and disruptions to, or our failure to develop and manage our relationships with these customers or the processes and procedures that support them could adversely affect our business.
We generate a significant percentage of our revenue, particularly in our Video business, through sales to resellers, value-added resellers (“VARs”) and systems integrators that assist us with fulfillment or installation obligations. We expect that these sales will continue to generate a significant percentage of our revenue in the future. Accordingly, our future success is highly dependent upon establishing and maintaining successful relationships with a variety of channel partners.
We generally have no long-term contracts or minimum purchase commitments with any of our resellers, VAR or system integrator customers, and our contracts with these parties do not prohibit them from purchasing or offering products or services that compete with ours. Our competitors may provide incentives to any of our resellers, VAR or systems integrator customers to favor their products or, in effect, to prevent or reduce sales of our products. Any of our resellers, VAR or systems integrator customers may independently choose not to purchase or offer our products. Many of our resellers, and some of our VARs and system integrators are small, are based in a variety of international locations, and may have relatively unsophisticated processes and limited financial resources to conduct their business. Any significant disruption of our sales to these customers, including as a result of the inability or unwillingness of these customers to continue purchasing our products, or their failure to properly manage their business with respect to the purchase of, and payment for, our products, or their ability to comply with our policies and procedures as well as applicable laws, could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows. In addition, our failure to continue to establish or maintain successful relationships with reseller, VAR and systems integrator customers could likewise materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
We face risks associated with having outsourced engineering resources located in Ukraine.
We outsource a portion of our research and development and product support activities to our third-party partner, GlobalLogic, a Hitachi group company. Through GlobalLogic, we have a significant number of engineering resources located in Kyiv, Ukraine that are dedicated to our Broadband and Video business segments. Political, social and economic instability and unrest or violence in Ukraine from the ongoing military conflict with the Russian Federation have caused, and may continue to cause, disruptions to the business and operations of GlobalLogic, which could slow or delay the development work our outsourced engineering teams are undertaking for us. Any escalation of political tensions, military activity, instability, unrest or conflict could disrupt or prevent the work of our outsourced engineering teams; limit or prevent our employees from traveling to, from, or within Ukraine to direct and coordinate our outsourced engineering teams; or cause us to shift all or portions of the development work occurring in Ukraine, and/or cause GlobalLogic to relocate personnel to other locations or countries pursuant to its business continuity plans. Any resulting delays could negatively impact our product development efforts, operating results and our business. In addition, increased costs associated with managing or relocating our outsourced engineering teams in Ukraine, or engaging with alternative engineering resources outside of Ukraine, could negatively impact our operating results and financial condition.
We may not be able to effectively manage our operations.
As of March 29, 2024, we had 948 employees in our international operations, representing approximately 73% of our worldwide workforce. Our ability to manage our business effectively in the future, including with respect to any future growth, our operation as both a hardware and increasingly software and SaaS-centric business, the integration of any acquisition efforts, and the breadth of our international operations, will require us to train, motivate and manage our employees successfully, to attract and integrate new employees into our overall operations, to retain key employees and to continue to improve and evolve our operational, financial and management systems. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in any of these efforts, and our failure to effectively manage our operations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition.
We face risks associated with having facilities and employees located in Israel.
As of March 29, 2024, we maintained facilities in Israel with a total of 252 employees, or approximately 19% of our worldwide workforce. Our employees in Israel engage in a number of activities, for both our Broadband and Video business segments, including research and development, product development, product management, supply chain management for certain product lines and sales activities.

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As such, we are directly affected by the political, economic and military conditions affecting Israel, such as the ongoing conflict in the Middle East and the risk of escalation and broader conflict in the region. Any significant conflict involving Israel could have a direct effect on our business, in the form of physical damage or injury, restrictions from traveling or reluctance to travel to, from, or within Israel by our Israeli and other employees or those of our subcontractors, or the loss of Israeli employees to active military duty. Most of our employees in Israel are currently obligated to perform annual reserve duty in the Israel Defense Forces, and approximately 14% of those employees were called for active military duty in 2023. Approximately 10% of our employees in Israel have been called for military duty in connection with the conflict in the Middle East and in the event that more of our employees are called to active duty, certain of our research and development, product development and other activities may be significantly delayed and adversely affected. Further, the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its trading partners, as a result of terrorist attacks or hostilities, conflicts between Israel and any other Middle Eastern country or organization, or any other cause, could significantly harm our business. Additionally, current or future tensions or conflicts in the Middle East, such as the ongoing Hamas-Israel and Iran-Israel conflicts, could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
In order to manage our growth, we must be successful in addressing management succession issues and attracting and retaining qualified personnel.
Our future success will depend, to a significant extent, on the ability of our management to operate effectively, both individually and as a group. We must successfully manage transition and replacement issues that may result from the departure or retirement of members of our executive management. For example, we announced in April 2024 the retirement of our President and Chief Executive Officer, Patrick Harshman, and the appointment of Nimrod Ben-Natan, the current Senior Vice President and General Manager of our Broadband business, by our Board as Mr. Harshman’s successor, effective June 11, 2024. Any significant leadership change or senior management transition involves inherent risks and any failure to ensure timely and suitable replacements and smooth transition could hinder our strategic planning, business execution, and future performance. We cannot provide assurances that any current or future changes of management personnel in the future will not cause disruption to operations or customer relationships or a decline in our operating results.
We are also dependent on our ability to retain and motivate our existing highly qualified personnel, in addition to attracting new highly qualified personnel. Competition for qualified management, technical and other personnel is often intense, particularly in Silicon Valley, Israel and Hong Kong where we have significant research and development activities, and we may not be successful in attracting and retaining such personnel. Competitors and others have in the past attempted, and are likely in the future to attempt, to recruit our employees. While our employees are required to sign standard agreements concerning confidentiality, non-solicitation and ownership of inventions, other than in Israel, we generally do not have non-competition agreements with our personnel. The loss of the services of any of our key personnel, the inability to attract or retain highly qualified personnel in the future or delays in hiring such personnel, particularly senior management and engineers and other technical personnel, could negatively affect our business and operating results. Furthermore, a certain portion of our personnel in the United States is comprised of foreign nationals whose ability to work for us depends on obtaining the necessary visas. Our ability to hire and retain foreign nationals in the United States, and their ability to remain and work in the United States, is affected by various laws and regulations, including limitations on the availability of visas. Changes in U.S. laws or regulations affecting the availability of visas have, and may continue to adversely affect, our ability to hire or retain key personnel and as a result may impair our operations.
Our products include third-party technology and intellectual property, and our inability to acquire new technologies or use third-party technology in the future could harm our business.
In order to successfully develop and market certain of our planned products, we may be required to enter into technology development or licensing agreements with third parties. Although companies with technology useful to us are often willing to enter into technology development or licensing agreements with respect to such technology, we cannot provide assurances that such agreements may be negotiated on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. The failure to enter, or a delay in entering, into such technology development or licensing agreements, when necessary or desirable, could limit our ability to develop and market new products and could materially and adversely affect our business.
We incorporate certain third-party technologies, including software programs, into our products, and, as noted, intend to utilize additional third-party technologies in the future. In addition, the technologies that we license may not operate properly or as specified, and we may not be able to secure alternatives in a timely manner, either of which could harm our business. We could face delays in product releases until alternative technology can be identified, licensed or developed, and integrated into our products, if we are able to do so at all. These delays, or a failure to secure or develop adequate technology, could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

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Cybersecurity incidents, including data security breaches or computer viruses, could harm our business by disrupting our business operations, compromising our products and services, damaging our reputation or exposing us to liability.
Cyber criminals and hackers may attempt to penetrate our network security, or the network security of third parties we work with, including our third-party vendors, service providers, manufacturers, solution providers, partners and consultants, misappropriate our proprietary information or cause business interruptions, or access or misappropriate other sensitive data. Because the techniques used by such computer programmers to access or sabotage networks change frequently and may not be recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. In the past, we and relevant third parties have faced compromises to our network security, though no prior incidents we have identified to date have materially affected our business, results of operations or financial condition. Companies are facing additional attacks as workforces have become more distributed as a result of remote and hybrid working arrangements. Additionally, geopolitical events such as the conflicts in the Middle East and the Russia-Ukraine conflicts and heightened tension between Israel and Iran may increase the cybersecurity risks we and the third parties we work with face. Our business operations utilize and rely upon numerous third-party vendors, service providers, manufacturers, solution providers, partners and consultants, and any failure of such third parties’ cybersecurity measures could materially and adversely affect or disrupt our business. While we have invested in and continue to update our network security and cybersecurity infrastructure and systems, if our cybersecurity systems, or the cybersecurity systems of relevant third parties, fail to protect against unauthorized access, sophisticated cyber-attacks, phishing schemes, ransomware and other malicious code, data protection breaches, computer viruses, denial-of-service attacks, or disruptions from unauthorized tampering or human error, our ability to conduct our business effectively could be damaged in a number of ways, including:
•our intellectual property and other proprietary data, or financial assets, could be stolen, lost, altered, or otherwise unavailable;
•our ability to manage and conduct our business operations could be seriously disrupted;
•defects and security vulnerabilities could be introduced into our product, software and SaaS offerings, thereby damaging the reputation and perceived reliability and security of our products; and
•confidential or otherwise sensitive information, including personal data of our customers, employees and business partners, could be compromised and lead to unauthorized, unlawful, or accidental access to, or acquisition, use, corruption, loss, destruction, unavailability, alteration or dissemination of, or damage to, such information.
In addition, our systems, and the systems of third parties we work with, are potentially vulnerable to breakdown or other damage or interruption from service interruptions, system malfunction, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical failures, as well as security breaches and incidents from inadvertent or intentional actions by our employees, contractors, consultants, business partners, and/or other third parties, which may compromise our system infrastructure or lead to the loss, destruction, alteration, prevention of access to, disclosure, or dissemination of, or damage or unauthorized access to, our data (including trade secrets or other confidential information, intellectual property, proprietary business information, and personal information) or data that is processed or maintained on our behalf, or other assets.
Should any of the above events occur, or be perceived to have occurred, our reputation, competitive position and business could be significantly harmed, and we could be subject to claims, demands and litigation from customers, third parties, and other individuals and groups, and investigations or other proceedings by governmental authorities, and may be subject to fines, penalties, damages, and other liabilities. Additionally, we could incur significant costs in order to upgrade our cybersecurity systems and remediate damages and otherwise respond to the incident. Consequently, our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
We may not have applicable or otherwise adequate insurance to protect us from, or adequately mitigate, liabilities or damages resulting from security breaches or incidents. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceeds any available insurance coverage that we might have, or results in changes to insurance policies (including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements), could have an adverse effect on our business. In addition, we cannot be sure that insurance coverage will be available on acceptable terms or that insurers will not deny coverage as to any future claim.

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Our operating results could be adversely affected by natural disasters affecting us or impacting our third-party manufacturers, suppliers, resellers or customers.
Our corporate headquarters is located in California, which is prone to earthquakes. In addition, climate change is contributing to an increase in erratic weather patterns globally and intensifying the impact of certain types of catastrophes, such as floods, wildfires and droughts. We have employees, consultants and contractors located in regions and countries around the world. In the event that any of our business, sales or research and development centers or offices in the United States or internationally are adversely affected by an earthquake, flood, wildfire or by any other natural disaster, we may sustain damage to our operations and properties, which could cause a sustained interruption or loss of affected operations, and cause us to suffer significant financial losses.
We rely on third-party contract manufacturers for the production of our products. Any significant disruption in the business or operations of such manufacturers or of their or our suppliers could adversely impact our business. Our principal contract manufacturers and several of their and our suppliers and our resellers have operations in locations that are subject to natural disasters, such as severe weather, tsunamis, floods, fires and earthquakes, which could disrupt their operations and, in turn, our operations.
In addition, if there is a natural disaster in any of the locations in which our significant customers are located, we face the risk that our customers may incur losses or sustained business interruption, or both, which may materially impair their ability to continue their purchase of products from us. Accordingly, natural disaster in one of the geographies in which we, or our third-party manufacturers, their or our suppliers or our customers, operate could have a material and adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition.
Financial, Transactional and Tax Risks
We may need additional capital in the future and may not be able to secure adequate funds at all or on terms acceptable to us.
We engage in the design, development and manufacture and sale of a variety of video and broadband products and system solutions, which has required, and will continue to require, significant research and development expenditures.
We are monitoring and managing our cash position in light of ongoing market conditions due to the volatility and uncertainty in the banking and financial services sector, and the conflicts in the Middle East and the Russia-Ukraine conflicts and related macroeconomic conditions. We believe that our existing cash of approximately $84.3 million as of March 29, 2024 will satisfy our cash requirements for at least the next 12 months. However, we may need to raise additional funds to take advantage of presently unanticipated strategic opportunities, satisfy our other cash requirements from time to time, or strengthen our financial position. Our ability to raise funds may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including factors beyond our control, such as weakness in the economic conditions in markets in which we sell our products, bank failures and continued uncertainty in financial, capital and credit markets. There can be no assurance that equity or debt financing will be available to us on reasonable terms, if at all, when and if it is needed.
We may raise additional financing through public or private equity or convertible debt offerings, debt financings, or corporate partnership or licensing arrangements. To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities or convertible debt, our stockholders may experience dilution, and any new equity or convertible debt securities we issue could have rights, preferences, and privileges superior to holders of our common stock. Further, volatility in equity capital markets may adversely affect market prices of our common stock. This may materially and adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital through public or private equity offerings. To the extent that we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements, it may be necessary to relinquish some rights to our technologies or products, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. Our current debt agreements and any debt financing that we secure in the future require or may require us to pledge assets or enter into covenants that could restrict our operations or our ability to incur further indebtedness and the interest on such debt may adversely affect our operating results. Further, historically high interest rates and tightening credit markets may reduce our access to debt financing, which may adversely affect our future business plans and expected growth and would increase the cost of long-term fixed rate and short-term variable rate borrowings, which could reduce our earnings.
If adequate capital is not available, or is not available on reasonable terms, when needed, we may not be able to take advantage of acquisitions or other market opportunities, to timely develop new products, or to otherwise respond to competitive pressures.

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Our Credit Agreement imposes operating and financial restrictions on us.
On December 21, 2023, we entered into a Credit Agreement, among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company from time to time party thereto, the lenders party thereto from time to time and Citibank, N.A., as administrative agent (the “Credit Agreement”). The obligations under the Credit Agreement and the other loan documents are required to be guaranteed by certain of our material subsidiaries and secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and such subsidiary guarantors. The Credit Agreement provides for a $120.0 million secured revolving loan facility (the “Revolving Facility”), with a $10.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit, and a $40.0 million secured delayed draw term loan facility (the “Term Facility”). The proceeds of the loans under the Revolving Facility may be used for general corporate purposes. The proceeds of the loans under the Term Facility must be used to repurchase, redeem, acquire or otherwise settle our 2024 Notes. We may borrow term loans in up to three drawings through September 1, 2024, on which date any undrawn commitments under the Term Facility expire. To finance the settlement of the conversions of the 2024 Notes in connection with our delivery of the notice of redemption for such notes, we drew down $75.0 million on the Revolving Facility and $40.0 million on the Term Facility, respectively. As of April 18, 2024, we had $45.0 million remaining available for borrowing under the Revolving Facility and no remaining amounts available for borrowing under the Term Facility.
Our Credit Agreement contains covenants that limit our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to, subject to certain limitations and exceptions:
•grant liens;
•incur debt;
•make acquisitions and other investments;
•undergo certain fundamental changes;
•dispose of assets;
•make certain restricted payments;
•enter into transactions with affiliates; and
•enter into burdensome agreements.
Further, the Credit Agreement contains financial covenants that require compliance with a maximum consolidated net leverage ratio and minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, in each case, determined in accordance with the terms of the Credit Agreement. These covenants may adversely affect our ability to finance our operations, meet or otherwise address our capital needs, pursue business opportunities or react to market conditions, or otherwise restrict our activities or business plans. In addition, our obligations to repay principal and interest on our indebtedness could make us vulnerable to economic or market downturns.
A breach of any of these covenants could result in an event of default under the Credit Agreement. As of March 29, 2024, we were in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement; however, if an event of default occurs, the lenders may terminate their commitments and accelerate our obligations under the Credit Agreement. We might not be able to repay our debt or borrow sufficient funds to refinance it on terms that are acceptable to us.
Servicing our debt requires a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay our substantial debt.
Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, to pay interest on or to refinance our indebtedness, including any amounts borrowed under our Credit Agreement, depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. Our business may not continue to generate cash flow from operations in the future sufficient to service our debt and make necessary capital expenditures. If we are unable to generate such cash flow, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring debt or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness will depend on our ability to borrow under the terms of the Credit Agreement, the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. We may not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities on desirable terms, which could result in a default on our debt obligations, including any outstanding loans under the Credit Agreement.


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Despite our current debt levels, we may still incur substantially more debt or take other actions which would intensify the risks discussed above.
Despite our current consolidated debt levels, we and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional debt in the future, subject to the restrictions contained in our debt instruments, some of which may be secured debt. Such additional indebtedness could have the effect of diminishing our ability to make payments on our debt when due. Our Credit Agreement permits us to incur certain additional indebtedness and grant certain liens on our assets, subject to limitations and requirements as set forth in the Credit Agreement, that could intensify the risks discussed above.
We have made, and may continue to make, acquisitions, and any acquisition could disrupt our operations, cause dilution to our stockholders and materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition.
As part of our business strategy, from time to time we have acquired, and we may continue to acquire, businesses, technologies, assets and product lines that we believe complement or expand our existing business. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including the following:
•unanticipated costs or delays associated with an acquisition;
•difficulties in the assimilation and integration of acquired operations, technologies and/or products;
•potential disruption of our business and the diversion of management’s attention from the regular operations of the business during the acquisition process;
•the challenges of managing a larger and more geographically widespread operation and product portfolio after the closing of the acquisition;
•potential adverse effects on new and existing business relationships with suppliers, contract manufacturers, resellers, partners and customers;
•compliance with regulatory requirements, such as local employment regulations and organized labor requirements;
•risks associated with entering markets in which we may have no or limited prior experience;
•the potential loss of key employees of acquired businesses and our own business as a result of integration;
•difficulties in bringing acquired products and businesses into compliance with applicable legal requirements in jurisdictions in which we operate and sell products;
•impact of known potential liabilities or unknown liabilities, including litigation and infringement claims, associated with companies we acquire;
•substantial charges for acquisition costs or for the amortization of certain purchased intangible assets, deferred stock compensation or similar items;
•substantial impairments to goodwill or intangible assets in the event that an acquisition proves to be less valuable than the price we paid for it;
•difficulties in establishing and maintaining uniform financial and other standards, controls, procedures and policies;
•delays in realizing, or failure to realize, the anticipated benefits of an acquisition; and
•the possibility that any acquisition may be viewed negatively by our customers or investors or the financial markets.
Competition within our industry for acquisitions of businesses, technologies, assets and product lines has been, and is likely to continue to be, intense. As such, even if we are able to identify an acquisition that we would like to consummate, we may not be able to complete the acquisition on commercially reasonable terms or because the target chooses to be acquired by another company. Furthermore, in the event that we are able to identify and consummate any future acquisitions, we may, in each of those acquisitions:
•issue equity securities which would dilute current stockholders’ percentage ownership;
•incur substantial debt to finance the acquisition or assume substantial debt in the acquisition;

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•incur significant acquisition-related expenses;
•assume substantial liabilities, contingent or otherwise; or
•expend significant cash.
These financing activities or expenditures could materially and adversely affect our operating results, cash flows and financial condition or the price of our common stock. Alternatively, due to difficulties in the capital or credit markets that may exists at the time, we may be unable to secure capital necessary to complete an acquisition on reasonable terms, or at all. Moreover, even if we were to obtain benefits from acquisitions in the form of increased revenue and earnings per share, there may be a delay between the time the expenses associated with an acquisition are incurred and the time we recognize such benefits.
As of March 29, 2024, we had approximately $238.3 million of goodwill recorded on our balance sheet associated with prior acquisitions. In the event we determine that our goodwill is impaired, we would be required to write down all or a portion of such goodwill, which could result in a material non-cash charge to our results of operations in the period in which such write-down occurs.
If we are unable to successfully address one or more of these risks, our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
We may sell one or more of our product lines, from time to time, as a result of our evaluation of our products and markets, and any such divestiture could adversely affect our continuing business and our expenses, revenues, results of operation, cash flows and financial position.
We periodically evaluate our various product lines and may, as a result, consider the divestiture of one or more of those product lines. Such evaluations, may disrupt our business by causing distractions to management, shifts in strategy, decreased employee morale and productivity, and increased turnover. We have sold product lines in the past, and any prior or future divestiture could adversely affect our continuing business and expenses, revenues, results of operations, cash flows and financial position.
Divestitures of product lines have inherent risks, including the expense of selling the product line, the possibility that any anticipated sale will not occur, delays in closing any sale, the risk of lower-than-expected proceeds from the sale of the divested business, unexpected costs associated with the separation of the business to be sold from the seller’s information technology and other operating systems, and potential post-closing claims for indemnification or breach of transition services obligations of the seller. Expected cost savings, which are offset by revenue losses from divested businesses, may also be difficult to achieve or maximize due to the seller’s fixed cost structure, and a seller may experience varying success in reducing fixed costs or transferring liabilities previously associated with the divested business.
The nature of our business requires the application of complex revenue and expense recognition rules and the current legislative and regulatory environment affecting generally accepted accounting principles is uncertain. Significant changes in current principles could affect our financial statements going forward and changes in financial accounting standards or practices may cause adverse, unexpected financial reporting fluctuations and harm our operating results.
United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) are subject to interpretation by the Financial Standards Accounting Board (“FASB”), the SEC and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. We are also subject to evolving rules and regulations of the countries in which we do business. Changes to accounting standards or interpretations thereof may result in different accounting principles under U.S. GAAP that have a significant effect on our reported financial results and require us to incur costs and expenses in order to comply with the updated standards or interpretations.
In addition, we have in the past and may in the future need to modify our customer contracts, accounting systems and processes when we adopt future or proposed changes in accounting principles. The cost and effect of these changes may negatively impact our results of operations during the periods of transition.

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Fluctuations in our future effective tax rates could affect our future operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
We are required to periodically review our deferred tax assets and determine whether, based on available evidence, a valuation allowance is necessary. The realization of our deferred tax assets, which are predominantly in the United States, is dependent upon the generation of sufficient U.S. and foreign taxable income in the future to offset these assets. Based on our evaluation, we recorded a net decrease in valuation allowance of $63.9 million and a net increase of $10.8 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively, against the net deferred tax assets. In 2023, there was a full release of the valuation allowance against U.S. Federal and certain state deferred tax assets due to improved historical earnings and projected earnings. Changes in the amount of the valuation allowance in the U.S. and in foreign jurisdictions could result in a material non-cash expense or benefit in the period in which the valuation allowance is adjusted, and our results of operations could be materially affected.
The calculation of tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex global tax regulations. We recognize potential liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues in the U.S. and other tax jurisdictions based on our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. In the event we determine that it is appropriate to create a reserve or increase an existing reserve for any such potential liabilities, the amount of the additional reserve will be charged as an expense in the period in which it is determined. If payment of these amounts ultimately proves to be unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in tax benefits being recognized in the period when we determine the liabilities are no longer necessary. If the estimate of tax liabilities proves to be less than the ultimate tax assessment for the applicable period, a further charge to expense in the period such shortfall is determined would result. Either such charge to expense could have a material and adverse effect on our operating results for the applicable period.
Our future effective income tax rates could be adversely affected if tax authorities challenge our international tax structure or if our relative mix of U.S. and international income changes for any reason. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that our effective income tax rate will be less than the U.S. federal statutory rate in future periods.
We are subject to taxation-related risks in multiple jurisdictions, and the adoption and interpretation of new tax legislation, tax regulations, tax rulings, or exposure to additional tax liabilities could materially affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Tax laws are regularly re-examined and evaluated globally. New laws and interpretations of the law are considered for financial statement purposes in the quarter or year that they are enacted. Tax authorities are increasingly scrutinizing the tax positions of multinational companies. If U.S. or other foreign tax authorities change applicable tax laws, or if there is a change in interpretation of existing law, our overall liability could increase, and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be harmed.
For example, effective as of January 1, 2022, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 eliminated the option to deduct research and development expenditures currently and requires such expenditures to be capitalized and amortized ratably over a five-year period for domestic expenditures or a fifteen-year period for foreign expenditures. The Internal Revenue Service has not issued Treasury Regulations that provide guidance on how to apply this new tax law. If or when Treasury Regulations are released, it may impact the Company’s estimate of capitalized costs or the Company’s current interpretation of the tax law. However, recently proposed tax legislation, if enacted, would restore the ability to deduct domestic research and development expenditures in the current year through 2025 and would retroactively restore this benefit for 2022 and 2023. Any change in tax law will be accounted for in the period of enactment.
Further, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, among other things, imposes a one-percent non-deductible excise tax on certain repurchases of stock that are made by U.S. publicly traded corporations on or after January 1, 2023, which may affect our share repurchase program.
In addition, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (the “OECD”), the European Union, as well as a number of other countries and organizations have recently enacted new laws, and proposed or recommended changes to existing tax laws, that may increase our tax obligations in many countries where we do business or require us to change the manner in which we operate our business. For example, the OECD has introduced a framework to implement a 15% global minimum corporate tax, referred to as Pillar 2, which Member States in the European Union have implemented into national legislation as of the end of 2023 and may be adopted by other jurisdictions. As we expand the scale of our business activities, any changes in U.S. or foreign tax laws that apply to such activities may increase our worldwide effective tax rate and harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.


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Legal, Regulatory and Compliance Risks
We or our customers may face intellectual property infringement claims from third parties.
Our industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent claims and related litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. In particular, leading companies in the telco industry have extensive patent portfolios. Also, patent infringement claims and litigation by entities that purchase or control patents, but do not produce goods or services covered by the claims of such patents (so-called “non-practicing entities” or “NPEs”), have increased rapidly over the last decade or so. From time to time, third parties, including NPEs, have asserted, and may assert in the future, patent, copyright, trademark and other intellectual property rights against us or our customers, and have initiated audits to determine whether we have missed royalty payments for technology that we license. Our suppliers and their customers, including us, may have similar claims asserted against them. A number of third parties, including companies with greater financial and other resources than us, have asserted patent rights to technologies that are important to us.
Any intellectual property litigation, regardless of its outcome, could result in substantial expense and significant diversion of the efforts of our management and technical personnel. An adverse determination in any such proceeding could subject us to significant liabilities and temporary or permanent injunctions and require us to seek licenses from third parties or pay royalties that may be substantial. Furthermore, necessary licenses may not be available on terms satisfactory to us, or at all. An unfavorable outcome on any such litigation matter could require that we pay substantial damages, could require that we pay ongoing royalty payments, or could prohibit us from selling certain of our products. Any such outcome could have a material and adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
Our suppliers and customers may have intellectual property claims relating to our products asserted against them. We have agreed to indemnify some of our suppliers and most of our customers for patent infringement relating to our products. The scope of this indemnity varies, but, in some instances, includes indemnification for damages and expenses (including reasonable attorney’s fees) incurred by the supplier or customer in connection with such claims. If a supplier or a customer seeks to enforce a claim for indemnification against us, we could incur significant costs defending such claim, the underlying claim or both. An adverse determination in either such proceeding could subject us to significant liabilities and have a material and adverse effect on our operating results, cash flows and financial condition.
We may be the subject of litigation which, if adversely determined, could harm our business and operating results.
We may be subject to claims arising in the normal course of business. The costs of defending any litigation, whether in cash expenses or in management time, could harm our business and materially and adversely affect our operating results and cash flows. An unfavorable outcome on any litigation matter could require that we pay substantial damages, or, in connection with any intellectual property infringement claims, could require that we pay ongoing royalty payments or prohibit us from selling certain of our products. In addition, we may decide to settle any litigation, which could cause us to incur significant settlement costs. A settlement or an unfavorable outcome on any litigation matter could have a material and adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
Our failure to adequately protect our proprietary rights and data may adversely affect us.
As of March 29, 2024, we held 134 issued U.S. patents and 47 issued foreign patents, and had 43 patent applications pending. Although we attempt to protect our intellectual property rights through patents, trademarks, copyrights, licensing arrangements, maintaining certain technology as trade secrets and other measures, we can give no assurances that any patent, trademark, copyright or other intellectual property rights owned by us will not be invalidated, circumvented or challenged, that such intellectual property rights will provide competitive advantages to us, or that any of our pending or future patent applications will be issued with the scope of the claims sought by us, if at all. We can give no assurances that others will not develop technologies that are similar or superior to our technologies, duplicate our technologies or design around the patents that we own. In addition, effective patent, copyright and trade secret protection may be unavailable or limited in certain foreign countries in which we do business or may do business in the future.
We may enter into confidentiality or license agreements with our employees, consultants, and vendors and our customers, as needed, and generally limit access to, and distribution of, our proprietary information. Nevertheless, we cannot provide assurances that the steps taken by us will prevent misappropriation of our technology. In addition, we have taken in the past, and may take in the future, legal action to enforce our patents and other intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others, or to defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of management time and other resources, and could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

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Our use of open source software in some of our products may expose us to certain risks.
Some of our products contain software modules licensed for use from third-party authors under open source licenses. Use and distribution of open source software may entail greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or other contractual protections regarding infringement claims or the quality of the code. Some open source licenses contain requirements that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon the type of open source software we use. If we combine our proprietary software with open source software in a certain manner, we could, under certain of the open source licenses, be required to release the source code of our proprietary software to the public. This could allow our competitors to create similar products with lower development effort and in less time and ultimately could result in a loss of product sales for us.
Although we monitor our use of open source closely, it is possible our past, present or future use of open source has triggered or may trigger the foregoing requirements. Furthermore, the terms of many open source licenses have not been interpreted by U.S. courts, and there is a risk that such licenses could be construed in a manner that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize our products. In such event, we could be required to seek licenses from third parties in order to continue offering our products, to re-engineer our products or to discontinue the sale of our products in the event re-engineering cannot be accomplished on a timely basis, any of which could materially and adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
We are subject to import and export control and trade and economic sanction laws and regulations that could subject us to liability or impair our ability to compete in international markets.
Our products are subject to U.S. export control laws and may be exported outside the United States only with the required export license or through an export license exception, in most cases because we incorporate encryption technology into certain of our products. We are also subject to U.S. trade and economic sanction regulations which include prohibitions on the sale or supply of certain products and services to the United States embargoed or sanctioned countries, governments, persons and entities. In addition, various countries regulate the import of certain technology and have enacted laws that could limit our ability to distribute our products, or could limit our customers’ ability to implement our products, in those countries. Although we take precautions and have processes in place to prevent our products and services from being provided in violation of such laws, our products may have been in the past, and could in the future be, provided inadvertently in violation of such laws, despite the precautions we take. In March 2020, we received an administrative subpoena from the U.S. Treasury Department’s office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) requesting information about transactions involving Iran. The transactions were by the French company TVN, which we acquired in early 2016. Pursuant to regulations that remained in place until 2018, foreign subsidiaries of U.S. companies were allowed to engage in transactions with Iran if certain requirements were met. In February 2023, OFAC notified us that it had completed its review of these matters and closed its review with the issuance of a Cautionary Letter. While OFAC did not assess any penalties, the Cautionary Letter does not preclude OFAC from taking future enforcement actions if additional information warrants renewed attention. Furthermore, OFAC may consider our regulatory history, including this subpoena, our disclosures and the Cautionary Letter, if we are involved in future enforcement cases for failure to comply with export control laws and regulations. If we are found to have violated U.S. export control laws as a result of future investigations, we and certain of our employees could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, including the possible loss of export privileges, monetary penalties, and, in extreme cases, imprisonment of responsible employees for knowing and willful violations of these laws which could lead to penalties, reputational harm, loss of access to certain markets, or otherwise.
In addition, we may be subject to customs duties that could have a significant adverse impact on our operating results or, if we are able to pass on the related costs in any particular situation, would increase the cost of the related product to our customers. As a result, the future imposition of significant increases in the level of customs duties or the creation of import quotas on our products in Europe or in other jurisdictions, or any of the limitations on international sales described above, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows. Further, some of our customers in Europe have been, or are being, audited by local governmental authorities regarding the tariff classifications used for importation of our products. Import duties and tariffs vary by country and a different tariff classification for any of our products may result in higher duties or tariffs, which could have an adverse impact on our operating results and potentially increase the cost of the related products to our customers.

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Our business and industry are subject to various laws and regulations that could adversely affect our business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition.
Our business and industry are regulated under various federal, state, local and international laws. For example, we are subject to environmental regulations such as the European Union’s Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (“WEEE”) and Restriction on the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (“RoHS”) directives and similar legislation enacted in other jurisdictions worldwide. Our failure to comply with these laws could result in our being directly or indirectly liable for costs, fines or penalties and third-party claims, and could jeopardize our ability to conduct business in such regions and countries. We expect that our operations will be affected by other new environmental laws and regulations on an ongoing basis. Although we cannot predict the ultimate impact of any such new laws and regulations, they would likely result in additional costs, and could require that we redesign or change how we manufacture our products, any of which could have a material and adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
We are subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 which, among other things, requires an annual review and evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting. If we conclude in future periods that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to provide an unqualified attestation as of future year-ends, we may incur substantial additional costs in an effort to correct such problems, and investors may lose confidence in our financial statements, and our stock price may decrease in the short term, until we correct such problems, and perhaps in the long term, as well.
We are subject to requirements under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 that require us to conduct research, disclose, and report whether or not our products contain certain conflict minerals sourced from the Democratic Republic of Congo or its surrounding countries. The implementation of these requirements could adversely affect the sourcing, availability, and pricing of the materials used in the manufacture of components used in our products. In addition, we may incur certain additional costs to comply with the disclosure requirements, including costs related to conducting diligence procedures to determine the sources of conflict minerals that may be used or necessary to the production of our products and, if applicable, potential changes to products, processes or sources of supply as a consequence of such verification activities. It is also possible that we may face reputational harm if we determine that certain of our products contain minerals not determined to be conflict-free and/or we are unable to alter our products, processes or sources of supply to avoid such materials.
Changes in telco legislation and regulations in the United States and other countries could affect our sales and the revenue we are able to derive from our products. In particular, on December 14, 2017, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) voted to repeal the “net neutrality” rules and return to a “light-touch” regulatory framework. The FCC’s new rules, which took effect in June 2018, granted providers of broadband internet access services greater freedom to make changes to their services, including, potentially, changes that may discriminate against or otherwise harm our business. However, a number of parties have appealed these rules, which appeals are currently being reviewed by the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals; thus, the future impact of the FCC's repeal and any changes thereto remains uncertain. Additionally, on September 30, 2018, California enacted the California Internet Consumer Protection and Net Neutrality Act of 2018. Since the FCC repealed its nationwide regulations, seven states have also enacted a state-level net neutrality law and a number of other states are considering legislation or executive actions that would regulate the conduct of broadband providers. We cannot predict whether the FCC order or state initiatives will be modified, overturned, or vacated by legal action of the court, federal legislation, or the FCC. The repeal of the net neutrality rules or other regulations dealing with access by competitors to the networks of incumbent operators could slow or stop infrastructure and services investments or expansion by service providers. Increased regulation of our customers’ pricing or service offerings could limit their investments and, consequently, revenue from our products. The impact of new or revised legislation or regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

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We are also subject to laws and regulations to our collection and other processing of personal data of our employees, customers, and others. These laws and regulations are subject to frequent modifications and updates and require ongoing supervision. For example, the European Union adopted a General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) that became effective in May 2018, and has established new, and in some cases more stringent, requirements for data protection in Europe, and which provides for substantial penalties for noncompliance. Additionally, California has the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), which went into effect on January 1, 2020. In November 2020, California passed the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”), which went into effect on January 1, 2023. The CPRA amends and augments the CCPA including by expanding individuals’ rights and the obligations of businesses that handle personal data. Other legislation relating to these matters, in many cases general legislation similar to the CCPA, has been proposed or adopted in several other states. Aspects of the CCPA, CPRA and these other laws and regulations, as well as their enforcement, remain unclear. The U.S. federal government also is contemplating federal privacy legislation. The effects and impact of these or other laws and regulations relating to privacy and data protection are potentially significant and may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in efforts to comply. Laws and regulations relating to privacy and data protection continue to evolve in various jurisdictions, with existing laws and regulations subject to new and differing interpretations and new laws and regulations being proposed and adopted. It is possible that our practices may be deemed not to comply with those privacy and data protection legal requirements that apply to us now or in the future. Our failure or perceived failure to comply with any of the foregoing legal and regulatory requirements, or other actual or asserted obligations relating to privacy, data protection or information security could result in increased costs for our products, monetary penalties, damage to our reputation, government inquiries, investigations and other legal proceeds, legal claims, demands and litigation and other obligations and liabilities.
We depend significantly on our international revenue and are subject to the risks associated with international operations, including those of our resellers, contract manufacturers and outsourcing partners, which may negatively affect our operating results.

Revenuederived from customerscustomers outside of the U.S. for the nine months ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 United Statesrepresented approximately 62% and 56%approximately 33% of our revenue respectively.for both the three months ended March 29, 2024, and March 31, 2023. Although no assurance can be given with respect to international sales growth in any one or more regions, we expect that international revenue will likely continue to represent, from year to year, a majority,significant, and potentially increasing, percentage of our annual revenue for the foreseeable future. A significant percentage of our revenue is generated from sales to resellers, value-added resellers (“VARs”)VARs and systems integrators, particularly in emerging market countries. Furthermore, a significant percentagethe majority of our employees are based in our international offices and locations, and most of our contract manufacturing occurs outside of the U.S.United States. In addition, we outsource a portion of our research and development activities to certain third-party partners with development centers located in different countries, particularly Ukraine and India.

Our international operations, the international operations of our resellers, contract manufacturers and outsourcing partners, and our efforts to maintain and increase revenue in international markets are subject to a number of risks, which are generally greater with respect to emerging market countries, including the following:

•growth and stability of the economy in one or more international regions;regions, including regional economic impacts of the conflict in the Middle East and the Russia-Ukraine conflicts and potential escalations and broader regional conflicts, and tensions between China and Taiwan and the United States;

•fluctuations in currency exchange rates;

•ability of certain non-U.S. customers to timely make payments in U.S. dollar due to local government currency controls;
•changes in foreign government regulations and telecommunicationstelco standards;

•import and export license requirements, tariffs, taxes, economic sanctions, contractual limitations and other trade barriers;

•our significant reliance on resellers and others to purchase and resell our products and solutions, particularly in our Video business and in emerging market countries;

•availability of credit, particularly in emerging market countries;

•longer collection periods and greater difficulty in enforcing contracts and collecting accounts receivable, especially from smaller customers and resellers, particularly in emerging market countries;

•compliance with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”),FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act and/or similar anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws, particularly in emerging market countries;

•the burden of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws, regulations, treaties and technical standards;


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•fulfilling “country of origin” requirements for our products for certain customers;

•difficulty in staffing and managing foreign operations;

•business and operational disruptions or delays caused by political, social andand/or economic instability and unrest (e.g., Ukraine and Israel), including risks related to terrorist activity, particularly in emerging market countries (e.g., recent significant civil, political and economic disturbances in Ukraine);countries;

•changes in economic policies by foreign governments, including the imposition and potential continued expansion of economic sanctions by the U.S.United States and the European Union on the Russian Federation;

•changes in diplomatic and trade relationships, including the imposition of new trade restrictions, trade protection measures, import or export requirements, trade embargoes and other trade barriers, including those between the United States and China;

• the effects and any resulting negative economic impact ofimpacts resulting from the recent U.S. electionpolitical environment in the United States or the U.K.’s referendum toUnited Kingdoms’ exit from the European Union; and

•business and economic disruptions and delays caused by outbreaks of disease, epidemics and potential pandemics.

We have certain international customers who are billed in their local currency, primarily the Euro, British pound and Japanese yen, which subjects us to foreign currency risk. In addition, a portion of our operating expenses relating to the cost of certain international employees, are denominated in foreign currencies, primarily the Euro, Israeli shekel, British pound, Euro, Singapore dollar, Chinese yuan and Indian rupee, althoughrupee. Although we do hedge against the Euro, British pound, Israeli shekel. Gainsshekel and Japanese yen, gains and losses on the conversion to U.S. dollars of accounts receivable, accounts payable and other monetary assets and liabilities arising from international operations may contribute to fluctuations in our operating results. Furthermore, payment cycles for international customers are typically longer than those for customers in the U.S.United States. Unpredictable payment cycles could cause us to fail to meet or exceed the expectations of security analysts and investors for any given period.

Most of our international revenue is denominated in U.S. dollars, and fluctuations in currency exchange rates could cause our products to become relatively more expensive to customers in a particular country or region, leading to a reduction in revenue or profitability from sales in that country or region. The potential negative impact of a strong U.S. dollar on our business may be exacerbated by the significant devaluation of a number of foreign currencies. Also, if the U.S. dollar were to weaken against many foreign currencies, there can be no assurance that a weaker dollar would lead to growth in capitalcustomer spending in foreign markets.

Our operations outside the U.S.United States also require us to comply with a number of U.S. and international regulations that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials and political parties for corrupt purposes. For example, our operations in countries outside the U.S.United States are subject to the FCPA and similar laws, including the U.K. Bribery Act. Our activities in certain emerging countries create the risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by one of our employees, consultants, sales agents or channel partners that could be in violation of various anti-corruption laws, even though these parties may not be under our control. Under the FCPA and U.K. Bribery Act, companies may be held liable for the corrupt actions taken by their directors, officers, employees, channel partners, sales agents, consultants, or other strategic or local partners or representatives. We have internal control policies and procedures with respect to FCPA compliance, have implemented FCPA training and compliance programs for our employees, and include in our agreements with resellers a requirement that those parties comply with the FCPA. However, we cannot provide assurances that our policies, procedures and programs will prevent violations of the FCPA or similar laws by our employees or agents, particularly in emerging market countries, and as we expand our international operations. Any such violation, even if prohibited by our policies, could result in criminal or civil sanctions against us.

The effect of one or more of these international risks could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.


We purchase several key components, subassemblies and modules used in the manufacture or integration47
Table of our products from sole or limited sources, and we rely on contract manufacturers and other subcontractors.Contents

Many components, subassemblies and modules necessary for the manufacture or integrationRisks Related to Ownership of our products are obtained from a sole supplier or a limited group of suppliers. For example, we depend on two suppliers for certain video encoding chips which are incorporated into several products. Our reliance on sole or limited suppliers, particularly foreign suppliers, and our reliance on contractors for manufacturing and installation of our products, involves several risks, including a potential inability to obtain an adequate supply of required components, subassemblies or modules; reduced control over costs, quality and timely delivery of components, subassemblies or modules; supplier discontinuation of components, subassemblies or modules we require; and timely installation of products. In addition, the result of the recent presidential election in the United States has created uncertainty regarding trade policies. Specifically, the new administration has suggested imposing tariffs or other restrictions on foreign imports. If any such tariffs are imposed on products or components that we import, including those obtained from a sole supplier or a limited group of suppliers, we could experience reduced revenues or may have to raise our prices, either of which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

These risks could be heightened during a substantial economic slowdown, because our suppliers and subcontractors are more likely to experience adverse changes in their financial condition and operations during such a period. Further, these risks could materially and adversely affect our business if one of our sole sources, or a sole source of one of our suppliers or contract manufacturers, is adversely affected by a natural disaster. While we expend resources to qualify additional component sources, consolidation of suppliers and the small number of viable alternatives have limited the results of these efforts. Managing our

supplier and contractor relationships is particularly difficult during time periods in which we introduce new products and during time periods in which demand for our products is increasing, especially if demand increases more quickly than we expect.

Plexus Services Corp., which manufactures our products at its facilities in Malaysia, currently serves as our primary contract manufacturer, and currently provides us with a substantial majority, by dollar amount, of the products that we purchase from our contract manufacturers. Most of the products manufactured by our Israeli operations are outsourced to another third-party manufacturer in Israel. From time to time we assess our relationship with our contract manufacturers, and we do not generally maintain long-term agreements with any of our suppliers or contract manufacturers. Our agreement with Plexus has automatic annual renewals, unless prior notice is given by either party, and has been automatically renewed for a term expiring in October 2017.

Difficulties in managing relationships with any of our current contract manufacturers, particularly Plexus, that manufacture our products off-shore, or any of our suppliers of key components, subassemblies and modules used in our products, could impede our ability to meet our customers’ requirements and adversely affect our operating results. An inability to obtain adequate and timely deliveries of our products or any materials used in our products, or the inability of any of our contract manufacturers to scale their production to meet demand, or any other circumstance that would require us to seek alternative sources of supply, could negatively affect our ability to ship our products on a timely basis, which could damage relationships with current and prospective customers and harm our business and materially and adversely affect our revenue and other operating results. Furthermore, if we fail to meet customers’ supply expectations, our revenue would be adversely affected and we may lose sales opportunities, both short and long term, which could materially and adversely affect our business and our operating results, financial condition and cash flows. Increases, from time to time, in demand on our suppliers and subcontractors from our customers or from other parties have, on occasion, caused delays in the availability of certain components and products. In response, we may increase our inventories of certain components and products and expedite shipments of our products when necessary. These actions could increase our costs and could also increase our risk of holding obsolete or excess inventory, which, despite our use of a demand order fulfillment model, could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

The loss of one or more of our key customers, a failure to continue diversifying our customer base, or a decrease in the number of larger transactions could harm our business and our operating results.

Historically, a significant portion of our revenue has been derived from relatively few customers, due in part to the consolidation of the ownership of cable television and direct broadcast satellite system companies. Sales to our top 10 customers in the nine months ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 accounted for approximately 26% and 30% of revenue, respectively. Although we have broadened our customer base by further penetrating new markets and expanding internationally, we expect to see continuing industry consolidation and customer concentration.

No customer accounted for more than 10% of our net revenue in the nine months ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016. Further consolidation in the cable industry could lead to additional revenue concentration for us. The loss of any significant customer, or any material reduction in orders from any other significant customer, or our failure to qualify our new products with any significant customer could materially and adversely affect, either long term or in a particular quarter, our operating results, financial condition and cash flows. Further, if Comcast does not increase its adoption of our technologies or purchases of our products in connection with the Warrant we issued to them in September 2016, or does so more slowly than we anticipate, we may be unable to realize the anticipated benefits of the Warrant and our operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be materially and adversely effected.

In addition, we are involved in most quarters in one or more relatively large individual transactions. A decrease in the number of the relatively larger individual transactions in which we are involved in any quarter could materially and adversely affect our operating results for that quarter.

As a result of these and other factors, we may be unable to increase our revenues from some or all of the markets we address, or to do so profitably, and any failure to increase revenues and profits from these customers could materially and adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

We rely on resellers, value-added resellers and systems integrators for a significant portion of our revenue, and disruptions to, or our failure to develop and manage our relationships with these customers or the processes and procedures that support them could adversely affect our business.

We generate a significant percentage of our revenue through sales to resellers, VARs and systems integrators that assist us with fulfillment or installation obligations. We expect that these sales will continue to generate a significant percentage of our

revenue in the future. Accordingly, our future success is highly dependent upon establishing and maintaining successful relationships with a variety of channel partners.

We generally have no long-term contracts or minimum purchase commitments with any of our reseller, VAR or system integrator customers, and our contracts with these parties do not prohibit them from purchasing or offering products or services that compete with ours. Our competitors may provide incentives to any of our reseller, VAR or systems integrator customers to favor their products or, in effect, to prevent or reduce sales of our products. Any of our reseller, VAR or systems integrator customers may independently choose not to purchase or offer our products. Many of our resellers, and some of our VARs and system integrators are small, are based in a variety of international locations, and may have relatively unsophisticated processes and limited financial resources to conduct their business. Any significant disruption of our sales to these customers, including as a result of the inability or unwillingness of these customers to continue purchasing our products, or their failure to properly manage their business with respect to the purchase of, and payment for, our products, could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows. In addition, our failure to continue to establish or maintain successful relationships with reseller, VAR and systems integrator customers could likewise materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

We have made, and may continue to make, acquisitions, and any acquisition could disrupt our operations, cause dilution to our stockholders and materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition.

As part of our business strategy, from time to time we have acquired, and we may continue to acquire, businesses, technologies, assets and product lines that we believe complement or expand our existing business. For example, on February 29, 2016, we announced the closing of our acquisition of TVN, which is headquartered in Rennes, France. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including the following:

• unanticipated costs or delays associated with an acquisition;

• difficulties in the assimilation and integration of acquired operations, technologies and/or products;

• potential disruption of our business and the diversion of management’s attention from the regular operations of the business during the acquisition process;

• the challenges of managing a larger and more geographically widespread operation and product portfolio after the closing of the acquisition;

• potential adverse effects on new and existing business relationships with suppliers, contract manufacturers, resellers, partners and customers;

• compliance with regulatory requirements, such as local employment regulations and organized labor in France;

• risks associated with entering markets in which we may have no or limited prior experience;

• the potential loss of key employees of acquired businesses and our own business as a result of integration;

• difficulties in bringing acquired products and businesses into compliance with applicable legal requirements in jurisdictions in which we operate and sell products;

• impact of known potential liabilities or unknown liabilities, including litigation and infringement claims, associated with companies we acquire;

• substantial charges for acquisition costs or for the amortization of certain purchased intangible assets, deferred stock compensation or similar items;

• substantial impairments to goodwill or intangible assets in the event that an acquisition proves to be less valuable than the price we paid for it;

• difficulties in establishing and maintaining uniform financial and other standards, controls, procedures and policies;

• delays in realizing, or failure to realize, the anticipated benefits of an acquisition; and


• the possibility that any acquisition may be viewed negatively by our customers or investors or the financial markets.

Competition within our industry for acquisitions of businesses, technologies, assets and product lines has been, and is likely to continue to be, intense. As such, even if we are able to identify an acquisition that we would like to consummate, we may not be able to complete the acquisition on commercially reasonable terms or because the target chooses to be acquired by another company. Furthermore, in the event that we are able to identify and consummate any future acquisitions, we may, in each of those acquisitions:

• issue equity securities which would dilute current stockholders’ percentage ownership;

• incur substantial debt to finance the acquisition or assume substantial debt in the acquisition;

• incur significant acquisition-related expenses;

• assume substantial liabilities, contingent or otherwise; or

• expend significant cash.

These financing activities or expenditures could materially and adversely affect our operating results, cash flows and financial condition or the price of our common stock. Alternatively, due to difficulties in the capital or credit markets at the time, we may be unable to secure capital necessary to complete an acquisition on reasonable terms, or at all. Moreover, even if we were to obtain benefits from acquisitions in the form of increased revenue and earnings per share, there may be a delay between the time the expenses associated with an acquisition are incurred and the time we recognize such benefits.

In addition to the risks outlined above, if we are unable to continue to achieve the objectives of our TVN acquisition, the anticipated benefits and potential synergies of the acquisition may not be realized fully or at all or may take longer to realize than expected. Any failure to timely realize these anticipated benefits would have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Further, if we are unable to successfully receive payment of any significant portion of TVN’s existing French R&D tax credit receivables from the French tax authority as expected, or are unable to successfully apply for or otherwise obtain the financial benefit of new French R&D tax credits in future years, our ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of the acquisition as well as our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.

As of September 29, 2017, we had approximately $241.9 million of goodwill recorded on our balance sheet associated with prior acquisitions. In the event we determine that our goodwill is impaired, we would be required to write down all or a portion of such goodwill, which could result in a material non-cash charge to our results of operations in the period in which such write-down occurs.

If we are unable to successfully address one or more of these risks, our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.

We may not be able to effectively manage our operations.

We have grown significantly, principally through acquisitions, and expanded our international operations.For example, upon the closing of our acquisition of TVN on February 29, 2016, we added 438 employees, most of whom are based in France.

As of September 29, 2017, we had 811 employees in our international operations, representing approximately 64% of our worldwide workforce. Our ability to manage our business effectively in the future, including with respect to any future growth, our operation as both a hardware and increasingly software-centric business, the integration of any acquisition efforts such as our recent acquisition of TVN, and the breadth of our international operations, will require us to train, motivate and manage our employees successfully, to attract and integrate new employees into our overall operations, to retain key employees and to continue to improve and evolve our operational, financial and management systems. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in any of these efforts, and our failure to effectively manage our operations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition.

We face risks associated with having outsourced engineering resources located in Ukraine.

We outsource a portion of our research and development activities to a third-party partner with engineering resources located in Ukraine. Political, social and economic instability and unrest or violence in Ukraine, including the ongoing conflict with

Russian-backed separatists or conflict with the Russian Federation directly, could cause disruptions to the business and operations of our outsourcing partner, which could slow or delay the development work our partner is undertaking for us. Instability, unrest or conflict could limit or prevent our employees from traveling to, from, or within Ukraine to direct and coordinate our outsourced engineering teams, or cause us to shift all or portions of the development work occurring in Ukraine to other locations or countries. The resulting delays could negatively impact our product development efforts, operating results and our business.

We face risks associated with having facilities and employees located in Israel.

As of September 29, 2017, we maintained facilities in Israel with a total of 166 employees, or approximately 13% of our worldwide workforce. Our employees in Israel engage in a number of activities, for both our Video and Cable Edge business segments, including research and development, product development, and supply chain management for certain product lines and sales activities.

As such, we are directly affected by the political, economic and military conditions affecting Israel. Any significant conflict involving Israel could have a direct effect on our business or that of our Israeli contract manufacturers, in the form of physical damage or injury, restrictions from traveling or reluctance to travel to from or within Israel by our Israeli and other employees or those of our subcontractors, or the loss of Israeli employees to active military duty. Most of our employees in Israel are currently obligated to perform annual reserve duty in the Israel Defense Forces, and approximately 10% of those employees were called for active military duty in 2016. In the event that more of our employees are called to active duty, certain of our research and development activities may be significantly delayed and adversely affected. Further, the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its trading partners, as a result of terrorist attacks or hostilities, conflicts between Israel and any other Middle Eastern country or organization, or any other cause, could significantly harm our business. Additionally, current or future tensions or conflicts in the Middle East could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

Our operating results are likely to fluctuate significantly and, as a result, may fail to meet or exceed the expectations of securities analysts or investors, causing our stock price to decline.

Our operating results have fluctuated in the past and are likely to continue to fluctuate in the future, on an annual and a quarterly basis, as a result of several factors, many of which are outside of our control. Some of the factors that may cause these fluctuations include:

• the level and timing of capital spending of our customers in the U.S., Europe and in other markets;

• economic and financial conditions specific to each of the cable, satellite and telco, and broadcast and media industries, as well as general economic and financial market conditions, including any stemming from an unstable political environment in the United States or abroad as well as those resulting from regulatory or tax policy changes from the Trump administration;

• changes in market acceptance of and demand for our products or our customers’ services or products;

• the timing and amount of orders, especially from large individual transactions and transactions with our significant customers;

• the mix of our products sold and the effect it has on gross margins;

• the timing of revenue recognition, including revenue recognition on sales arrangements and from transactions with significant service and support components, which may span several quarters;

• the timing of completion of our customers’ projects;

• the length of each customer product upgrade cycle and the volume of purchases during the cycle;

• competitive market conditions, including pricing actions by our competitors;

• the level and mix of our domestic and international revenue;

• new product introductions by our competitors or by us;

• uncertainty in both the U.K. and the European Union due to the U.K.’s referendum to exit the European Union, which could adversely affect our results, financial condition and prospects;

• changes in domestic and international regulatory environments affecting our business;

• the evaluation of new services, new standards and system architectures by our customers;

• the cost and timely availability to us of components, subassemblies and modules;

• the mix of our customer base, by industry and size, and sales channels;

• changes in our operating and extraordinary expenses;

• the timing of acquisitions and dispositions by us and the financial impact of such transactions;

• impairment of our goodwill and intangibles;

• the impact of litigation, such as related litigation expenses and settlement costs;

• write-downs of inventory and investments;

• changes in our effective federal tax rate, including as a result of changes in our valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets, and changes in our effective state tax rates, including as a result of apportionment;

• changes to tax rules related to the deferral of foreign earnings and compliance with foreign tax rules;

• the impact of applicable accounting guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes that requires us to establish reserves for uncertain tax positions and accrue potential tax penalties and interest; and

• the impact of applicable accounting guidance on business combinations that requires us to record charges for certain acquisition related costs and expenses and generally to expense restructuring costs associated with a business combination subsequent to the acquisition date.

The timing of deployment of our products by our customers can be subject to a number of other risks, including the availability of skilled engineering and technical personnel, the availability of third-party equipment and services, our customers’ ability to negotiate and enter into rights agreements with video content owners that provide the customers with the right to deliver certain video content, and our customers’ need for local franchise and licensing approvals.

We often recognize a substantial portion of our quarterly revenue in the last month of the quarter. We establish our expenditure levels for product development and other operating expenses based on projected revenue levels for a specified period, and expenses are relatively fixed in the short term. Accordingly, even small variations in the timing of revenue, particularly from relatively large individual transactions, can cause significant fluctuations in operating results in a particular quarter.

As a result of these factors and other factors, our operating results in one or more future periods may fail to meet or exceed the expectations of securities analysts or investors. In that event, the trading price of our common stock would likely decline.

Fluctuations in our future effective tax rates could affect our future operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

We are required to periodically review our deferred tax assets and determine whether, based on available evidence, a valuation allowance is necessary. The realization of our deferred tax assets, which are predominantly in the U.S., is dependent upon the generation of sufficient U.S. and foreign taxable income in the future to offset these assets. Based on our evaluation, a history of operating losses in recent years has led to uncertainty with respect to our ability to realize certain of our net deferred tax assets, and as a result we recorded a net increase in valuation allowance of $18.3 million and $3.1 million in 2016 and 2015, respectively, against U.S. net deferred tax assets. This increase in valuation allowance was offset partially by the release of $8.4 million of valuation allowance associated with TVN.

The calculation of tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex global tax regulations. We recognize potential liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues in the U.S. and other tax jurisdictions based on our estimate of

whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. In the event we determine that it is appropriate to create a reserve or increase an existing reserve for any such potential liabilities, the amount of the additional reserve is charged as an expense in the period in which it is determined. If payment of these amounts ultimately proves to be unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in tax benefits being recognized in the period when we determine the liabilities are no longer necessary. If the estimate of tax liabilities proves to be less than the ultimate tax assessment for the applicable period, a further charge to expense in the period such short fall is determined would result. Either such charge to expense could have a material and adverse effect on our operating results for the applicable period.

We continue to be in the process of expanding our international operations and staffing to better support our expansion into international markets. This expansion involves the implementation of an international structure that includes, among other things, an international support center in Europe, research and development cost sharing arrangements, and certain licenses and other contractual arrangements between us and our wholly-owned domestic and foreign subsidiaries. As a result of these changes, we anticipate that our consolidated pre-tax income will be subject to foreign tax at relatively lower tax rates when compared to the U.S. federal statutory tax rate and, as a consequence, our effective income tax rate is expected to be lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate.

Our future effective income tax rates could be adversely affected if tax authorities challenge our international tax structure or if the relative mix of U.S. and international income changes for any reason. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that our income tax rate will be less than the U.S. federal statutory rate in future periods.

We or our customers may face intellectual property infringement claims from third parties.

Our industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent claims and related litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. In particular, leading companies in the telecommunications industry have extensive patent portfolios. Also, patent infringement claims and litigation by entities that purchase or control patents, but do not produce goods or services covered by the claims of such patents (so-called “non-practicing entities” or “NPEs”), have increased rapidly over the last decade or so. From time to time, third parties, including NPEs, have asserted, and may assert in the future, patent, copyright, trademark and other intellectual property rights against us or our customers. Our suppliers and their customers, including us, may have similar claims asserted against them. A number of third parties, including companies with greater financial and other resources than us, have asserted patent rights to technologies that are important to us.

Any intellectual property litigation, regardless of its outcome, could result in substantial expense and significant diversion of the efforts of our management and technical personnel. An adverse determination in any such proceeding could subject us to significant liabilities and temporary or permanent injunctions and require us to seek licenses from third parties or pay royalties that may be substantial. Furthermore, necessary licenses may not be available on terms satisfactory to us, or at all. An unfavorable outcome on any such litigation matter could require that we pay substantial damages, could require that we pay ongoing royalty payments, or could prohibit us from selling certain of our products. Any such outcome could have a material and adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

Our suppliers and customers may have intellectual property claims relating to our products asserted against them. We have agreed to indemnify some of our suppliers and most of our customers for patent infringement relating to our products. The scope of this indemnity varies, but, in some instances, includes indemnification for damages and expenses (including reasonable attorney’s fees) incurred by the supplier or customer in connection with such claims. If a supplier or a customer seeks to enforce a claim for indemnification against us, we could incur significant costs defending such claim, the underlying claim or both. An adverse determination in either such proceeding could subject us to significant liabilities and have a material and adverse effect on our operating results, cash flows and financial condition.

We may be the subject of litigation which, if adversely determined, could harm our business and operating results.

We may be subject to claims arising in the normal course of business. The costs of defending any litigation, whether in cash expenses or in management time, could harm our business and materially and adversely affect our operating results and cash flows. An unfavorable outcome on any litigation matter could require that we pay substantial damages, or, in connection with any intellectual property infringement claims, could require that we pay ongoing royalty payments or prohibit us from selling certain of our products. In addition, we may decide to settle any litigation, which could cause us to incur significant settlement costs. A settlement or an unfavorable outcome on any litigation matter could have a material and adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.


We may sell one or more of our product lines, from time to time, as a result of our evaluation of our products and markets, and any such divestiture could adversely affect our continuing business and our expenses, revenues, results of operation, cash flows and financial position.

We periodically evaluate our various product lines and may, as a result, consider the divestiture of one or more of those product lines, and in the past have sold product lines. Any such divestiture could adversely affect our continuing business and expenses, revenues, results of operations, cash flows and financial position.

Divestitures of product lines have inherent risks, including the expense of selling the product line, the possibility that any anticipated sale will not occur, delays in closing any sale, the risk of lower-than-expected proceeds from the sale of the divested business, unexpected costs associated with the separation of the business to be sold from the seller’s information technology and other operating systems, and potential post-closing claims for indemnification or breach of transition services obligations of the seller. Expected cost savings, which are offset by revenue losses from divested businesses, may also be difficult to achieve or maximize due to the seller’s fixed cost structure, and a seller may experience varying success in reducing fixed costs or transferring liabilities previously associated with the divested business.

In order to manage our growth, we must be successful in addressing management succession issues and attracting and retaining qualified personnel.

Our future success will depend, to a significant extent, on the ability of our management to operate effectively, both individually and as a group. We must successfully manage transition and replacement issues that may result from the departure or retirement of members of our executive management. We cannot provide assurances that changes of management personnel in the future would not cause disruption to operations or customer relationships or a decline in our operating results.

We are also dependent on our ability to retain and motivate our existing highly qualified personnel, in addition to attracting new highly qualified personnel. Competition for qualified management, technical and other personnel is often intense, and we may not be successful in attracting and retaining such personnel. Competitors and others have in the past attempted, and are likely in the future to attempt, to recruit our employees. While our employees are required to sign standard agreements concerning confidentiality and ownership of inventions, we generally do not have employment contracts or non-competition agreements with any of our personnel. The loss of the services of any of our key personnel, the inability to attract or retain highly qualified personnel in the future or delays in hiring such personnel, particularly senior management and engineers and other technical personnel, could negatively affect our business and operating results. Furthermore, a certain portion of our personnel is comprised of foreign nationals whose ability to work for us depends on obtaining the necessary visas. Our ability to hire and retain foreign nationals, and their ability to remain and work in the United States, is affected by various laws and regulations, including limitations on the availability of visas. Changes in the laws or regulations affecting the availability of visas may adversely affect our ability to hire or retain key personnel and as a result may impair our operations.

We could be negatively affected as a result of a future proxy contest and the actions of activist stockholders.

If a proxy contest with respect to election of our directors is initiated in the future, or if other activist stockholder activities occur, our business could be adversely affected because:

• responding to a proxy contest and other actions by activist stockholders can be costly and time-consuming, disrupting our operations and diverting the attention of management and our employees;

• perceived uncertainties as to our future direction caused by activist activities may result in the loss of potential business opportunities, and may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel and business partners; and

• if individuals are elected to our Board with a specific agenda, it may adversely affect our ability to effectively and timely implement our strategic plans.

Our failure to adequately protect our proprietary rights and data may adversely affect us.

At September 29, 2017, we held 76 issued U.S. patents and 46 issued foreign patents, and had 81 patent applications pending. Although we attempt to protect our intellectual property rights through patents, trademarks, copyrights, licensing arrangements, maintaining certain technology as trade secrets and other measures, we can give no assurances that any patent, trademark, copyright or other intellectual property rights owned by us will not be invalidated, circumvented or challenged, that such intellectual property rights will provide competitive advantages to us, or that any of our pending or future patent applications

will be issued with the scope of the claims sought by us, if at all. We can give no assurances that others will not develop technologies that are similar or superior to our technologies, duplicate our technologies or design around the patents that we own. In addition, effective patent, copyright and trade secret protection may be unavailable or limited in certain foreign countries in which we do business or may do business in the future.

We generally enter into confidentiality or license agreements with our employees, consultants, and vendors and our customers, as needed, and generally limit access to, and distribution of, our proprietary information. Nevertheless, we cannot provide assurances that the steps taken by us will prevent misappropriation of our technology. In addition, we have taken in the past, and may take in the future, legal action to enforce our patents and other intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others, or to defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of management time and other resources, and could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

Recently reported hacking attacks on government and commercial computer systems, particularly attacks sponsored by foreign governments or enterprises, raise the risks that such an attack may compromise, in a material respect, one or more of our computer systems and permit hackers access to our proprietary information and data. If such an attack does, in fact, allow access to or theft of our proprietary information or data, our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.

Our products include third-party technology and intellectual property, and our inability to acquire new technologies or use third-party technology in the future could harm our business.

In order to successfully develop and market certain of our planned products, we may be required to enter into technology development or licensing agreements with third parties. Although companies with technology useful to us are often willing to enter into technology development or licensing agreements with respect to such technology, we cannot provide assurances that such agreements may be negotiated on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. The failure to enter, or a delay in entering, into such technology development or licensing agreements, when necessary or desirable, could limit our ability to develop and market new products and could materially and adversely affect our business.

We incorporate certain third-party technologies, including software programs, into our products, and, as noted, intend to utilize additional third-party technologies in the future. In addition, the technologies that we license may not operate properly or as specified, and we may not be able to secure alternatives in a timely manner, either of which could harm our business. We could face delays in product releases until alternative technology can be identified, licensed or developed, and integrated into our products, if we are able to do so at all. These delays, or a failure to secure or develop adequate technology, could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

Our use of open source software in some of our products may expose us to certain risks.

Some of our products contain software modules licensed for use from third-party authors under open source licenses. Use and distribution of open source software may entail greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or other contractual protections regarding infringement claims or the quality of the code. Some open source licenses contain requirements that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon the type of open source software we use. If we combine our proprietary software with open source software in a certain manner, we could, under certain of the open source licenses, be required to release the source code of our proprietary software to the public. This could allow our competitors to create similar products with lower development effort and in less time and ultimately could result in a loss of product sales for us.

Although we monitor our use of open source closely, it is possible our past, present or future use of open source has triggered or may trigger the foregoing requirements. Furthermore, the terms of many open source licenses have not been interpreted by U.S. courts, and there is a risk that such licenses could be construed in a manner that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize our products. In such event, we could be required to seek licenses from third parties in order to continue offering our products, to re-engineer our products or to discontinue the sale of our products in the event re-engineering cannot be accomplished on a timely basis, any of which could materially and adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

We are subject to import and export control and trade and economic sanction laws and regulations that could subject us to liability or impair our ability to compete in international markets.


Our products are subject to U.S. export control laws, and may be exported outside the U.S. only with the required export license or through an export license exception, in most cases because we incorporate encryption technology into certain of our products. We are also subject to U.S. trade and economic sanction regulations which include prohibitions on the sale or supply of certain products and services to U.S. embargoed or sanctioned countries, governments, persons and entities. In addition, various countries regulate the import of certain technology and have enacted laws that could limit our ability to distribute our products, or could limit our customers’ ability to implement our products, in those countries. Although we take precautions and have processes in place to prevent our products and services from being provided in violation of such laws, our products may have been in the past, and could in the future be, provided inadvertently in violation of such laws, despite the precautions we take. If we fail to comply with these laws, we and certain of our employees could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, including the possible loss of export privileges, monetary penalties, and, in extreme cases, imprisonment of responsible employees for knowing and willful violations of these laws. Additionally, our business and operating results be adversely affected through penalties, reputational harm, loss of access to certain markets, or otherwise.

In addition, we may be subject to customs duties that could have a significant adverse impact on our operating results or, if we are able to pass on the related costs in any particular situation, would increase the cost of the related product to our customers. As a result, the future imposition of significant increases in the level of customs duties or the creation of import quotas on our products in Europe or in other jurisdictions, or any of the limitations on international sales described above, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows. Further, some of our customers in Europe have been, or are being, audited by local governmental authorities regarding the tariff classifications used for importation of our products. Import duties and tariffs vary by country and a different tariff classification for any of our products may result in higher duties or tariffs, which could have an adverse impact on our operating results and potentially increase the cost of the related products to our customers.

We may need additional capital in the future and may not be able to secure adequate funds at all or on terms acceptable to us.

We have been engaged in the design, manufacture and sale of a variety of video products and system solutions since inception, which has required, and will continue to require, significant research and development expenditures.

We believe that our existing cash of approximately $50.0 million at September 29, 2017 will satisfy our cash requirements for at least the next 12 months. However, we may need to raise additional funds to take advantage of presently unanticipated strategic opportunities, satisfy our other cash requirements from time to time, or strengthen our financial position. Our ability to raise funds may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including factors beyond our control, such as weakness in the economic conditions in markets in which we sell our products and continued uncertainty in financial, capital and credit markets. There can be no assurance that equity or debt financing will be available to us on reasonable terms, if at all, when and if it is needed.

We may raise additional financing through public or private equity offerings, debt financings, or corporate partnership or licensing arrangements. To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities or convertible debt, our stockholders may experience dilution. To the extent that we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements, it may be necessary to relinquish some rights to our technologies or products, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. To the extent we raise capital through debt financing arrangements, we may be required to pledge assets or enter into covenants that could restrict our operations or our ability to incur further indebtedness and the interest on such debt may adversely affect our operating results.

If adequate capital is not available, or is not available on reasonable terms, when needed, we may not be able to take advantage of acquisition or other market opportunities, to timely develop new products, or to otherwise respond to competitive pressures.

Our operating results could be adversely affected by natural disasters affecting us or impacting our third-party manufacturers, suppliers, resellers or customers.

Our corporate headquarters is located in California, which is prone to earthquakes. We have employees, consultants and contractors located in regions and countries around the world. In the event that any of our business, sales or research and development centers or offices in the U.S. or internationally are adversely affected by an earthquake or by any other natural disaster, we may sustain damage to our operations and properties, which could cause a sustained interruption or loss of affected operations, and cause us to suffer significant financial losses.

We rely on third-party contract manufacturers for the production of our products. Any significant disruption in the business or operations of such manufacturers or of their or our suppliers could adversely impact our business. Our principal contract

manufacturers and several of their and our suppliers and our resellers have operations in locations that are subject to natural disasters, such as severe weather, tsunamis, floods and earthquakes, which could disrupt their operations and, in turn, our operations.

In addition, if there is a natural disaster in any of the locations in which our significant customers are located, we face the risk that our customers may incur losses or sustained business interruption, or both, which may materially impair their ability to continue their purchase of products from us. Accordingly, natural disaster in one of the geographies in which we, or our third-party manufacturers, their or our suppliers or our customers, operate could have a material and adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition.

Our business and industry are subject to various laws and regulations that could adversely affect our business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition.

Our business and industry are regulated under various federal, state, local and international laws. For example, we are subject to environmental regulations such as the European Union’s Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) and Restriction on the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (RoHS) directives and similar legislation enacted in other jurisdictions worldwide. Our failure to comply with these laws could result in our being directly or indirectly liable for costs, fines or penalties and third-party claims, and could jeopardize our ability to conduct business in such regions and countries. We expect that our operations will be affected by other new environmental laws and regulations on an ongoing basis. Although we cannot predict the ultimate impact of any such new laws and regulations, they would likely result in additional costs, and could require that we redesign or change how we manufacture our products, any of which could have a material and adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

We are subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 which, among other things, requires an annual review and evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting. If we conclude in future periods that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to provide an unqualified attestation as of future year-ends, we may incur substantial additional costs in an effort to correct such problems, and investors may lose confidence in our financial statements, and our stock price may decrease in the short term, until we correct such problems, and perhaps in the long term, as well.

We are subject to requirements under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 that require us to conduct research, disclose, and report whether or not our products contain certain conflict minerals sourced from the Democratic Republic of Congo or its surrounding countries. The implementation of these requirements could adversely affect the sourcing, availability, and pricing of the materials used in the manufacture of components used in our products. In addition, we may incur certain additional costs to comply with the disclosure requirements, including costs related to conducting diligence procedures to determine the sources of conflict minerals that may be used or necessary to the production of our products and, if applicable, potential changes to products, processes or sources of supply as a consequence of such verification activities. It is also possible that we may face reputational harm if we determine that certain of our products contain minerals not determined to be conflict-free and/or we are unable to alter our products, processes or sources of supply to avoid such materials.

Changes in telecommunications legislation and regulations in the U.S. and other countries could affect our sales and the revenue we are able to derive from our products. In particular, “net neutrality” rules issued by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) or regulations dealing with access by competitors to the networks of incumbent operators could slow or stop infrastructure and services investments or expansion by service providers. Increased regulation of our customers’ pricing or service offerings could limit their investments and, consequently, revenue from our products. The impact of new or revised legislation or regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

Common Stock
Some anti-takeover provisions contained in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as provisions of Delaware law, could impair a takeover attempt.

We have provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws that could have the effect of rendering more difficult or discouraging an acquisition deemed undesirable by our Board. These include provisions:

•authorizing blank check preferred stock, which could be issued with voting, liquidation, dividend and other rights superior to our common stock;

•limiting the liability of, and providing indemnification to, our directors and officers;

•limiting the ability of our stockholders to call, and bring business before, special meetings;

•requiring advance notice of stockholder proposals for business to be conducted at meetings of our stockholders and for nominations of candidates for election to our Board;

•controlling the procedures for conducting and scheduling of Board and stockholder meetings; and

•providing theour Board with the express power to postpone previously scheduled annual meetings and to cancel previously scheduled special meetings.

These provisions could delay hostile takeovers, changes in control of the Company or changes in our management. As a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to provisions of Delaware law, including Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation law, which prevents some stockholders holding more than 15% of our outstanding common stock from engaging in certain business combinations without approval of the holders of substantially all of our outstanding common stock. Any provision of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock.

The nature of our business requires the application of complex revenue and expense recognition rules and the current legislative and regulatory environment affecting generally accepted accounting principles is uncertain. Significant changes in current principles could affect our financial statements going forward and changes in financial accounting standards or practices may cause adverse, unexpected financial reporting fluctuations and harm our operating results.
The accounting rules and regulations that we must comply with are complex and subject to interpretation by FASB, the SEC and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. Recent actions and public comments from the FASB and the SEC have focused on the integrity of financial reporting and internal controls. In addition, many companies’ accounting policies are being subject to heightened scrutiny by regulators and the public. Further, the accounting rules and regulations are continually changing in ways that could materially impact our financial statements. For example, in May 2014, the FASB issued Topic 606, as amended, which will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance. Although the new standard permits early adoption as early as the first quarter of 2017, the effective date of the new revenue standard is our first quarter of 2018. We do not plan to early adopt, and accordingly, we will adopt the new standard effective January 1, 2018. The new standard permits adoption either by using (i) a full retrospective approach for all periods presented in the period of adoption or (ii) a modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard recognized at the date of initial application and providing certain additional disclosures. We currently plan to adopt using the modified retrospective approach; however, a final decision regarding the adoption method has not been finalized at this time. Our final determination will depend on a number of factors such as the significance of the impact of the new standard on our financial results, system readiness, including that of software procured from third-party providers, and our ability to accumulate and analyze the information necessary to assess the impact on prior period financial statements, as necessary. While we continue to assess the potential impacts, under the new standards there is the potential for significant impacts to the accounting for software licenses with undelivered features and professional services revenue with acceptances, and contract acquisition costs, both with respect to the amounts that will be capitalized as well as the period of amortization. We cannot predict the impact of future changes to accounting principles or our accounting policies on our financial statements going forward, which could have a significant effect on our reported financial results, and could affect the reporting of transactions completed before the announcement of the change. In addition, if we were to change our critical accounting estimates, including those related to the recognition of license revenue and other revenue sources, our operating results could be significantly affected.

The conditional conversion feature of our convertible senior notes, if triggered, may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

In December 2015, we issued $128.25 million aggregate principal amount of 4.00% convertible senior notes due 2020 (the “Notes”) through a private placement with a financial institution. The Notes bear interest at 4.00% per annum, which is payable semiannually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, commencing June 1, 2016. In the event the conditional conversion feature of the Notes is triggered, holders of the Notes will be entitled to convert the Notes at any time during specified periods at their option. If one or more holders elect to convert their Notes, unless we elect to satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering solely shares of our common stock (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we would be required to settle a portion or all of our conversion obligation through the payment of cash, which could adversely affect our liquidity. In addition, even if holders do not elect to convert their Notes, we could be required under applicable

accounting rules to reclassify all or a portion of the outstanding principal of the Notes as a current rather than long-term liability, which would result in a material reduction of our net working capital.

The accounting method for convertible debt securities that may be settled in cash, such as the Notes, could have a material effect on our reported financial results.

In May 2008, FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. APB 14-1, “Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash Upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement)”, which has subsequently been codified as Accounting Standards Codification 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, which we refer to as ASC 470-20. Under ASC 470-20, an entity must separately account for the liability and equity components of the convertible debt instruments (such as the Notes) that may be settled entirely or partially in cash upon conversion in a manner that reflects the issuer’s economic interest cost. The effect of ASC 470-20 on the accounting for the Notes is that the equity component is required to be included in the additional paid-in capital section of stockholders’ equity on our consolidated balance sheet, and the value of the equity component would be treated as debt discount for purposes of accounting for the debt component of the Notes. As a result, we will be required to record a greater amount of non-cash interest expense in current and future periods presented as a result of the amortization of the discounted carrying value of the Notes to their face amount over the term of the Notes. We will report lower net income in our financial results because ASC 470-20 will require interest to include both the current period’s amortization of the debt discount and the instrument’s non-convertible interest rate, which could adversely affect our reported or future financial results, the trading price of our common stock and the trading price of the Notes.

In addition, under certain circumstances, convertible debt instruments (such as the Notes) that may be settled entirely or partly in cash are currently accounted for utilizing the treasury stock method, the effect of which is that the shares issuable upon conversion of the Notes are not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share except to the extent that the conversion value of the Notes exceeds their principal amount. Under the treasury stock method, for diluted earnings per share purposes, the transaction is accounted for as if the number of shares of common stock that would be necessary to settle such excess, if we elected to settle such excess in shares, are issued. We cannot be sure that the accounting standards in the future will continue to permit the use of the treasury stock method or that circumstances would not change such that we would no longer be permitted to use the treasury stock method. If we are unable to use the treasury stock method in accounting for the shares issuable upon conversion of the Notes, then our diluted earnings per share would be adversely affected.

Our common stock price and therefore the price of our Notes, may be extremely volatile, and the value of an investment in our stock may decline.

Our common stock price has been highly volatile. We expect that this volatility will continue in the future due to factors such as:

•general market and economic conditions;conditions, including inflation, rising interest rates, volatile capital markets, uncertainty and volatility in the financial services sector, the conflict in the Middle East and the Russia-Ukraine conflicts and potential escalations and broader regional conflicts, and rising tensions between China and Taiwan and the United States;

•actual or anticipated variations in operating results;

•increases or decreases in the general stock market or to the stock prices of technology companies;

•announcements of technological innovations, new products or new services by us or by our competitors or customers;

•changes in financial estimates or recommendations by stock market analysts regarding us or our competitors;

•announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, dispositions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments;

•announcements by our customers regarding end user market conditions and the status of existing and future infrastructure network deployments;

•additions or departures of key personnel; and

•future equity or debt offerings or our announcements of these offerings.


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In addition, in recent years, the stock market in general, and The NASDAQ StockGlobal Select Market and the securities of technology companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. These fluctuations have often been unrelated

or disproportionate to the operating performance of individual companies. These broad market fluctuations have in the past, and may in the future, materially and adversely affect our stock price, regardless of our operating results. In these circumstances, investors may be unable to sell their shares of our common stock at or above their purchase price over the short term, or at all.

We cannot guarantee that our stock repurchase program will be fully implemented or that it will enhance long-term stockholder value.
In February 2022, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program for the repurchase of up to $100 million of the outstanding shares of our common stock. The repurchase program expires in February 2025, and we are not obligated to repurchase a specified number or dollar value of shares. Share repurchases will be made from time to time in open market purchases and 10b5-1 trading plans, as permitted by securities laws and other legal requirements. Any share repurchases remain subject to the circumstances in place at that time, including prevailing market prices. As a result, there can be no guarantee around the timing or volume of our share repurchases. The stock repurchase program could affect the price of our common stock, increase volatility and diminish our cash reserves. Our repurchase program may be suspended or terminated at any time and, even if fully implemented, may not enhance long-term stockholder value.

Our stock price may decline if additional shares are sold in the market or if analysts drop coverage of or downgrade our stock.

Future sales of substantial amounts of shares of our common stock by our existing stockholders in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline. In addition, we issue additional shares upon exercise of stock options, including under our ESPP,2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, and in connection with grants of RSUsrestricted stock units on an ongoing basis. To the extent we do not elect to pay solely cash upon conversion of our Notes, we will also be required to issue additional shares of common stock upon conversion. Increased sales of our common stock in the market after exercise of outstanding stock options or grants of restricted stock units could exert downward pressure on our stock price. These sales also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price we deem appropriate.

The trading market for our common stock relies in part on the availability of research and reports that third-party industry or securities analysts publish about us.us and our business. If we do not maintain adequate research coverage or if one or more of the analysts who do cover us downgrade our stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price may decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause the liquidity of our stock and our stock price to decline.


ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
OurIssuer Purchases of Equity Securities
In February 2022, the Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to $100 million of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock through February 2025. The Company is authorized to repurchase, from time-to-time, shares of its outstanding common stock through open market purchases and 10b5-1 trading plans, in accordance with applicable rules and regulations, at such time and such prices as management may decide. The program expired on December 31, 2016. Furtherdoes not obligate the Company to repurchase any specific number of shares and may be discontinued at any time. The actual timing and amount of repurchases would requireare subject to business and market conditions, corporate and regulatory requirements, stock price, acquisition opportunities and other factors. As of March 29, 2024, approximately $73.2 million of the share repurchase authorization fromremained available.
The following table summarizes the Board.repurchase activity for the three months ended March 29, 2024:
PeriodTotal Number of Shares Purchased
Average Price Paid per Share (1)
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or ProgramsApproximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under Publicly Announced Plan or Program
 (in millions)
January 1, 2024 - January 26, 2024n/a n/an/an/a
January 27, 2024 - February 23, 20241,236,572$13.04 1,236,572$78.7 
February 24, 2024 - March 29, 2024421,336$13.17 421,336$73.2 
Total1,657,9081,657,908
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

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(1) Average price paid per share in the period includes commission.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.Securities Trading Plans of Directors and Executive Officers
During the three months ended March 29, 2024, no director or officer, as defined in Rule 16a-1(f), adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” each as defined in Regulation S-K Item 408.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number
Exhibit Index
10.1(i)*
  10.1*
10.2(ii)*
10.3(ii)*
  10.2*10.4(ii)*
  10.3(i)31.1
  31.1
Section 302 Certification of Principal Executive Officer
31.2
  32.132.1**
  32.232.2**
101
The following materials from Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended SeptemberMarch 29, 2017,2024, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL)(iXBRL) include:
(i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at SeptemberMarch 29, 20172024 and December 31, 2016,2023, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended SeptemberMarch 29, 20172024 and September 30, 2016March 31, 2023, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive LossIncome (Loss) for the three and nine months ended SeptemberMarch 29, 20172024 and September 30, 2016,March 31, 2023, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 29, 2024 and March 31, 2023, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three and nine months ended SeptemberMarch 29, 20172024 and September 30 2016,March 31, 2023, and (v)(vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
*Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement relating to executive officers or directors of the company.
**The certifications attached as Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 that accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, are deemed furnished and not filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Harmonic Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.
** Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement relating to executive officers or directors of the Company.
(i)    Previously filed as an Exhibitexhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April, 18, 2024.
(ii)    Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on October 2, 2017.Form 8-K dated April, 29, 2024.



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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
HARMONIC INC.
By:/s/ Walter Jankovic
HARMONIC INC.Walter Jankovic
By:/s/ Sanjay Kalra
Sanjay Kalra
Title: Chief Financial Officer
Date: November 6, 2017May 2, 2024


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