UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

~~FORM 10-Q~~

FORM 10-Q



x ☒	QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the quarterly period ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019



☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

Commission File Number 1-10485

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

~~TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC~~.

~~(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)~~



~~DELAWARE~~Delaware		75-2303920
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. employer identification no.)



5101 TENNYSON PARKWAY	PLANO ~~TEXAS~~	Texas	75024 ~~(Address~~
(Address of principal executive offices)	(City)	(State)	(Zip code) ~~(972)~~

(972) 713-3700

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)



Title of each class	Trading symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
COMMON STOCK, $0.01 PAR VALUE	TYL	~~NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE~~New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ~~Yes~~ xYes☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data file required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ~~Yes~~ xYes☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer,” "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):



Large accelerated filer	x☒	Accelerated filer	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.			☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No x☒

The number of shares of common stock of registrant outstanding on ~~May 6,~~October 29, 2019 was ~~38,341,555.~~38,986,401.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018			2019		2018
Revenues:
Software licenses and royalties	$	21,793	$	22,776	$	25,379	$	22,444		$	67,847	$	67,620
Subscriptions	67,275		49,028		75,272		58,699			216,022		160,736
Software services	48,443		45,939		54,997		48,199			160,841		144,812
Maintenance	100,152		93,897		109,833		96,215			316,674		286,188
Appraisal services	5,214		5,394		6,008		5,544			17,455		16,470
Hardware and other	4,189		4,140		3,911		4,966			18,751		17,475
Total revenues	247,066		221,174		275,400		236,067			797,590		693,301

Cost of revenues:
Software licenses and royalties	818		778		971		957			2,680		2,939
Acquired software	6,682		5,382		7,975		5,897			22,645		17,003
Software services, maintenance and subscriptions	117,160		106,085		128,545		111,508			371,464		327,080
Appraisal services	3,452		3,781		4,096		3,505			11,306		10,854
Hardware and other	2,906		2,343		3,096		2,574			14,870		11,718
Total cost of revenues	131,018		118,369		144,683		124,441			422,965		369,594

Gross profit	116,048		102,805		130,717		111,626			374,625		323,707

Selling, general and administrative expenses	57,766		47,604		63,888		52,605			187,481		152,471
Research and development expense	18,941		13,048		21,130		17,050			60,172		45,929
Amortization of other intangibles	4,850		3,315		5,646		4,386			15,762		11,742

Operating income	34,491		38,838		40,053		37,585			111,210		113,565

Other income, net	586		599		499		1,041			838		2,198
Income before income taxes	35,077		39,437		40,552		38,626			112,048		115,763
Income tax provision	7,729		1,612
Income tax provision (benefit)					162		(298		)	12,311		(147		)
Net income	$	27,348	$	37,825	$	40,390	$	38,924		$	99,737	$	115,910

Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	0.71	$	1.00	$	1.04	$	1.00		$	2.58	$	3.01
Diluted	$	0.69	$	0.95	$	1.00	$	0.96		$	2.49	$	2.87

See accompanying notes.

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except par value and share amounts)


	March 31, 2019 (unaudited)			December 31, 2018			September 30, 2019 (unaudited)			December 31, 2018
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	39,437		$	134,279		$	161,438		$	134,279
Accounts receivable (less allowance for doubtful accounts of $4,692 in 2019 and $4,647 in 2018)	298,980			298,912
Accounts receivable (less allowance for doubtful accounts of $4,302 in 2019 and $4,647 in 2018)							347,982			298,912
Short-term investments	36,958			44,306			32,931			44,306
Prepaid expenses	23,839			33,258			24,544			33,258
Income tax receivable	—			4,697			4			4,697
Other current assets	3,060			3,406			2,907			3,406
Total current assets	402,274			518,858			569,806			518,858

Accounts receivable, long-term	22,821			16,020			20,437			16,020
Operating lease right-of-use assets	20,067			—			20,172			—
Property and equipment, net	164,617			155,177			169,950			155,177
Other assets:
Goodwill	834,572			753,718			826,040			753,718
Other intangibles, net	389,633			276,852			377,580			276,852
Non-current investments and other assets	75,318			70,338			71,104			70,338
Total assets	$	1,909,302		$	1,790,963		$	2,055,089		$	1,790,963

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	6,011		$	6,910		$	9,060		$	6,910
Accrued liabilities	63,824			66,480			69,781			66,480
Operating lease liabilities	5,777			—			6,413			—
Current income tax payable	7,868			—			—			—
Deferred revenue	319,900			350,512			391,560			350,512
Total current liabilities	403,380			423,902			476,814			423,902

Revolving line of credit	85,000			—			—			—
Deferred revenue, long-term	442			424			241			424
Deferred income taxes	42,779			41,791			40,303			41,791
Operating lease liabilities, long-term	18,956			—			18,134			—

Commitments and contingencies	—			—			—			—

Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $10.00 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued	—			—			—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 48,147,969 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	481			481
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 48,147,969 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018							481			481
Additional paid-in capital	731,073			731,435			692,586			731,435
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(46		)	(46		)	(46		)	(46		)
Retained earnings	798,157			771,925			870,546			771,925
Treasury stock, at cost; 9,825,158 and 9,872,505 shares in 2019 and 2018, respectively	(170,920		)	(178,949		)
Treasury stock, at cost; 9,172,316 and 9,872,505 shares in 2019 and 2018, respectively							(43,970		)	(178,949		)
Total shareholders' equity	1,358,745			1,324,846			1,519,597			1,324,846
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	1,909,302		$	1,790,963		$	2,055,089		$	1,790,963

See accompanying notes.

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	27,348		$	37,825		$	99,737		$	115,910
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	17,308			14,112			56,547			45,627
Share-based compensation expense	14,416			10,557			44,369			37,966
Operating lease right-of-use assets - non cash							3,979			—
Deferred income tax benefit	(4,785		)	(2,658		)	(10,329		)	(5,034		)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, exclusive of effects of acquired companies:
Accounts receivable	9,622			30,227			(35,544		)	(31,393		)
Income taxes	12,425			4,053			4,553			(1,942		)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(3,064		)	1,333			(7,630		)	983
Accounts payable	(1,501		)	(1,752		)	1,548			(4,729		)
Operating lease liabilities							(4,530		)	—
Accrued liabilities	(4,665		)	(17,952		)	(1,379		)	1,523
Deferred revenue	(43,147		)	(31,114		)	27,206			20,442
Net cash provided by operating activities	23,957			44,631			178,527			179,353

Cash flows from investing activities:
Additions to property and equipment	(12,320		)	(8,895		)	(28,833		)	(23,460		)
Purchase of marketable security investments	(3,590		)	(43,962		)	(27,322		)	(92,638		)
Proceeds from marketable security investments	20,276			11,077			56,854			60,208
Investment in software	(690		)	—			(3,540		)	—
Cost of acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(199,130		)	—			(199,870		)	(167,308		)
Decrease in other	564			743
(Increase) decrease in other							(493		)	857
Net cash used by investing activities	(194,890		)	(41,037		)	(203,204		)	(222,341		)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Increase in net borrowings on revolving line of credit	85,000			—
Purchase of treasury shares	(17,786		)	—			(17,786		)	—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	6,528			19,298			62,295			70,536
Contributions from employee stock purchase plan	2,349			1,798			7,327			5,978
Net cash provided by financing activities	76,091			21,096			51,836			76,514

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(94,842		)	24,690
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents							27,159			33,526
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	134,279			185,926			134,279			185,926
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	39,437		$	210,616		$	161,438		$	219,452

See accompanying notes.

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

(In thousands)

Common Stock
Additional
Paid-in
Capital

Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

Retained
Earnings
Treasury Stock
Total
Shareholders'
Equity
Shares Amount Shares Amount
Balance at December 31, 2018 48,148
$ 481
$ 731,435
$ (46 ) $ 771,925
(9,872 ) $ (178,949 ) $ 1,324,846
Retained Earnings Adjustment-Adoption of Topic 842 Leases, net of taxes
—
—
—
—
(1,116 ) —
—
(1,116 )
Net income —
—
—
—
27,348
—
—
27,348
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units

—
—
(14,405 ) —
—
111
20,933
6,528
Employee taxes paid for withheld shares upon equity award settlement —
—
—
—
—
(7 ) (1,337 ) (1,337 )
Stock compensation —
—
14,416
—
—
—
—
14,416
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan —
—
(373 ) —
—
15
2,722
2,349
Treasury stock purchases —
—
—
—
—
(72 ) (14,289 ) (14,289 )
Balance at March 31, 2019 48,148
$ 481
$ 731,073
$ (46 ) $ 798,157
(9,825 ) $ (170,920 ) $ 1,358,745
(Unaudited)


	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Retained Earnings				Treasury Stock						Total Shareholders' Equity			Common Stock				Additional Paid-in Capital				Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)				Retained Earnings				Treasury Stock							Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount				Shares				Retained Earnings			Amount			Shares			Amount							Shares	Additional Paid-in Capital			Amount					Retained Earnings											Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2017	48,148	$	481	Additional Paid-in Capital		$	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	626,867		$	(46	)		$	624,463		(10,262	)		Total Shareholders' Equity		$	(60,029	)	$	1,191,736
Balance at June 30, 2019																							48,148		$	481	$	715,920			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		$	(46	)		$	830,156			(9,582	)		$	(124,881	)		$	1,421,630
Net income	—	—		—			—			37,825				—		—				37,825			—		—		—				—				40,390				—			—				40,390
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units	—	—		13,858			—			—				350		5,440				19,298			—		—		(38,160		)		—				—				396			78,323				40,163
Employee taxes paid for withheld shares upon equity award settlement	—	—		—			—			—				—		—				—			—		—		—				—				—				(1	)		(191		)		(191		)
Stock compensation	—	—		10,557			—			—				—		—				10,557			—		—		14,887				—				—				—			—				14,887
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan	—	—		1,627			—			—				12		171				1,798			—		—		(61		)		—				—				15			2,779				2,718
Treasury stock purchases	—	—		—			—			—				—		—				—			—		—		—				—				—				—			—				—
Balance at March 31, 2018	48,148	$	481	$	652,909		$	(46	)	$	662,288			(9,900	)	$	(54,418	)		$	1,261,214
Balance at September 30, 2019																							48,148		$	481	$	692,586			$	(46	)		$	870,546			(9,172	)		$	(43,970	)		$	1,519,597



	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock					Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Retained Earnings		Shares		Amount			Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance at June 30, 2018	48,148	$	481	$	686,782	$	(46	)	$	701,449	(9,517	)	$	(48,377	)	$	1,340,289
Net income	—	—		—		—			38,924		—		—			38,924
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units	—	—		21,645		—			—		326		4,574			26,219
Stock compensation	—	—		14,476		—			—		—		—			14,476
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan	—	—		2,032		—			—		12		186			2,218
Treasury stock purchases	—	—		—		—			—		—		—			—
Balance at September 30, 2018	48,148	$	481	$	724,935	$	(46	)	$	740,373	(9,179	)	$	(43,617	)	$	1,422,126

See accompanying notes.

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)



	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock					Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Retained Earnings			Shares		Amount			Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2018	48,148	$	481	$	731,435		$	(46	)	$	771,925		(9,872	)	$	(178,949	)	$	1,324,846
Retained earnings adjustment-adoption of Topic 842 Leases, net of taxes	—	—		—			—			(1,116		)	—		—			(1,116		)
Net income	—	—		—			—			99,737			—		—			99,737
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units	—	—		(82,449		)	—			—			746		144,744			62,295
Employee taxes paid for withheld shares for taxes upon equity award	—	—		—			—			—			(17	)	(3,572		)	(3,572		)
Stock compensation	—	—		44,369			—			—			—		—			44,369
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan	—	—		(769		)	—			—			43		8,096			7,327
Treasury stock purchases	—	—		—			—			—			(72	)	(14,289		)	(14,289		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	48,148	$	481	$	692,586		$	(46	)	$	870,546		(9,172	)	$	(43,970	)	$	1,519,597



	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock					Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Retained Earnings		Shares		Amount			Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2017	48,148	$	481	$	626,867	$	(46	)	$	624,463	(10,262	)	$	(60,029	)	$	1,191,736
Net income	—	—		—		—			115,910		—		—			115,910
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units	—	—		54,666		—			—		1,048		15,870			70,536
Stock compensation	—	—		37,966		—			—		—		—			37,966
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan	—	—		5,436		—			—		35		542			5,978
Treasury stock purchases	—	—		—		—			—		—		—			—
Balance at September 30, 2018	48,148	$	481	$	724,935	$	(46	)	$	740,373	(9,179	)	$	(43,617	)	$	1,422,126

See accompanying notes.

Tyler Technologies, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(Tables in thousands, except per share data)

(1) Basis of Presentation

We prepared the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements following the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by GAAP can be condensed or omitted for interim periods. Balance sheet amounts are as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, and operating result amounts are for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, and 2018, respectively, and include all normal and recurring adjustments that we considered necessary for the fair summarized presentation of our financial position and operating results. As these are condensed financial statements, one should also read the financial statements and notes included in our latest Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities can vary during each quarter of the year. Therefore, the results and trends in these interim financial statements may not be the same as those for the full year.

Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions, and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources and includes all components of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). We had no items of other comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, and 2018.

(2) Accounting Standards and Significant Accounting Policies

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Except for the accounting policies for leases recognition that were adjusted as a result of adopting ASU No. 2016-02, Leases ("Topic ~~842"~~842"), there have been no changes to our significant accounting policies described in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on February 20, 2019, that have had a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes.

USE OF ESTIMATES

The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include revenue recognition, determining the nature and timing of satisfaction of performance obligations, ~~and~~ determining the standalone selling price ("SSP") of performance obligations, variable consideration, and other obligations such as returns and refunds; loss contingencies; the estimated useful life of deferred commissions; the carrying amount and estimated useful lives of intangible assets; the carrying amount of operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities; determining share-based compensation expense; the valuation allowance for receivables; and determining the potential outcome of future tax consequences of events that have been recognized on our consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Actual results could differ from estimates.

REVENUE RECOGNITION

Nature of Products and ~~Services~~Services:

We earn revenue from software licenses, royalties, subscription-based services, software services, post-contract customer support (“PCS” or “maintenance”), hardware, and appraisal services. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. We determine revenue recognition through the following steps:

Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer

Identification of the performance obligations in the contract

Determination of the transaction price

Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation

Most of our software arrangements with customers contain multiple performance obligations that range from software licenses, installation, training, and consulting to software modification and customization to meet specific customer needs (services), hosting, and PCS. For these contracts, we account for individual performance obligations separately when they are distinct. We evaluate whether separate performance obligations can be distinct or should be accounted for as one performance obligation. Arrangements that include software services, such as training or installation, are evaluated to determine whether the customer can benefit from the services either on their own or together with other resources readily available to the customer and whether the services are separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. The transaction price is allocated to the distinct performance obligations on a relative SSP basis. We determine the SSP based on our overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration market conditions and other factors, including the value of our contracts, the applications sold, customer demographics, and the number and types of users within our contracts. Revenue is recognized net of allowances for sales adjustments and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

Significant Judgments:

Our contracts with customers often include multiple performance obligations to a customer. When a software arrangement (license or subscription) includes both software licenses and software services, judgment is required to determine whether the software license is considered distinct and accounted for separately, or not distinct and accounted for together with the software services and recognized over time.

The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative SSP basis. We determine the SSP based on our overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration market conditions and other factors, including the value of our contracts, the applications sold, customer demographics, and the number and types of users within our contracts. We use a range of amounts to estimate SSP when we sell each of the products and services separately and need to determine whether there is a discount to be allocated based on the relative SSP of the various products and services. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as when we do not sell the product or service separately, we determine SSP using the expected cost-plus margin approach.

For arrangements that involve significant production, modification or customization of the software, or where software services otherwise cannot be considered distinct, we recognize revenue as control is transferred to the customer over time using progress-to-completion methods. Depending on the contract, we measure progress-to-completion primarily using labor hours incurred, or value added. The progress-to-completion method generally results in the recognition of reasonably consistent profit margins over the life of a contract because we can provide reasonably dependable estimates of contract billings and contract costs. We use the level of profit margin that is most likely to occur on a contract. If the most likely profit margin cannot be precisely determined, the lowest probable level of profit margin in the range of estimates is used until the results can be estimated more precisely. These arrangements are often implemented over an extended time period and occasionally require us to revise total cost estimates. Amounts recognized in revenue are calculated using the progress-to-completion measurement after giving effect to any changes in our cost estimates. Changes to total estimated contract costs, if any, are recorded in the period they are determined. Estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are recorded in the period in which we first determine that a loss is apparent.

Typically, the structure of our arrangements does not give rise to variable consideration. However, in those instances whereby variable consideration exists, we include in our estimates additional revenue for variable consideration when we believe we have an enforceable right, the amount can be estimated reliably and its realization is probable.

Refer to Note 13 - Disaggregation of Revenue for further information, including the economic factors that affect the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows of our various revenue categories.

Contract Balances:

Accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts

Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. We record an unbilled receivable when revenue is recognized prior to invoicing, or deferred revenue when revenue is recognized subsequent to invoicing. For multi-year agreements, we generally invoice customers annually at the beginning of each annual coverage period. We record an unbilled receivable related to revenue recognized for on-premises licenses as we have an unconditional right to invoice and receive payment in the future related to those licenses.

At ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, total current and long-term accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, was ~~$321.8~~$368.4 million and $314.9 million, respectively. We have recorded unbilled receivables of ~~$113.1~~$126.5 million and $104.2 million at ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, respectively. Included in unbilled receivables are retention receivables of ~~$13.4~~$12.9 million and $12.2 million at ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, respectively, which become payable upon the completion of the contract or completion of our fieldwork and formal hearings. Unbilled receivables expected to be collected within one year have been included with accounts receivable, current portion in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Unbilled receivables and retention receivables expected to be collected past one year have been included with accounts receivable, long-term portion in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts, which are provided at the time the revenue is recognized. Since most of our customers are domestic governmental entities, we rarely incur a loss resulting from the inability of a customer to make required payments. Events or changes in circumstances that indicate the carrying amount for the allowances for doubtful accounts may require revision, include, but are not limited to, deterioration of a customer’s financial condition, failure to manage our customer’s expectations regarding the scope of the services to be delivered, and defects or errors in new versions or enhancements of our software products.

The following table summarizes the changes in the allowance for doubtful ~~accounts(in~~accounts (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019			Nine months ended September 30, 2019
Balance, beginning of period December 31, 2018	$	4,647		$	4,647
Provisions for losses - accounts receivable	1,148			2,908
Collection of accounts previously written off	(545		)	—
Deductions for accounts charged off or credits issued	(558		)	(3,253		)
Balance, end of period	$	4,692		$	4,302

LEASES

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, other current liabilities, and operating lease liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. We currently do not have any finance lease arrangements.

Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date of the lease in determining the present value of future payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are generally accounted as a single lease component.

RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Leases. We adopted Topic 842 using the transition method that allows us to initially apply the guidance at the adoption date of January 1, 2019, and recognized a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. We used the package of practical expedients that allows us to not reassess: (1) lease classification for any expired or existing leases and (2) initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases. We did not elect to use the hindsight application for evaluating the life of the lease arrangement. The ~~impacts~~impact of adoption ~~are~~is reflected in the financial information herein. For additional details, see Note 10 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

The impact of Topic 842 on our consolidated balance sheet beginning January 1, 2019, included the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases, while our accounting for finance leases remained substantially unchanged. We had no finance leases prior to the adoption of Topic 842 and currently do not have any.

Amounts recognized at January 1, 2019, for operating leases were as ~~follows~~follow (in thousands):

January 1, 2019
ROU Operating assets $ 15,633
Short-term lease liability (4,344 )
Long-term lease liability (12,405 )
Retained earnings $ (1,116 )




Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	15,633
Operating lease liabilities	(4,344		)
Operating lease liabilities, long-term	(12,405		)
Retained earnings	$	(1,116	)

No impact was recorded to the statement of income for the adoption of Topic 842.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments, including trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities and loans, and requires entities to use a new forward-looking expected loss model that will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for losses. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for a fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Entities will apply the standard’s provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is adopted. We will adopt the new standard in the first quarter of 2020 and are currently assessing its potential impact on our consolidated financial statements and results of operations.

(3) Acquisitions

On February 28, 2019, we acquired all of the capital stock of MP Holdings Parent, Inc. dba MicroPact ("MicroPact"), a leading provider of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) solutions, including entellitrak®, a low-code application development platform for case management and business process management used extensively in the public sector. The total purchase price, net of cash acquired of $2.0 million, was approximately ~~$204.2~~$203.7 million consisting of ~~$197.5~~$198.2 million paid in cash, accrued contingent consideration of ~~$7.0~~$6.6 million contingent upon the achievement of certain financial performance objectives, and ~~$1.7~~$1.0 million accrued for certain holdbacks, subject to certain post-closing adjustments.

We have performed a preliminary valuation analysis of the fair market value of MicroPact’s assets and liabilities. The following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of the ~~preliminary~~ purchase price as of the acquisition date:


(In thousands)
Cash	$	1,983		$	1,983
Accounts receivable	11,852			12,247
Other current assets	8,979			8,979
Other noncurrent assets	10,417			10,417
Identifiable intangible assets	118,843			131,443
Goodwill	82,029			73,193
Accounts payable	(602		)	(602		)
Accrued expenses	(2,432		)	(2,542		)
Other noncurrent liabilities	(8,879		)	(8,879		)
Deferred revenue	(9,898		)	(11,312		)
Deferred tax liabilities, net	(6,144		)	(9,209		)
Total consideration	$	206,148		$	205,718

In connection with this transaction, we acquired total tangible assets of ~~$33.2~~$33.6 million and assumed liabilities of approximately ~~$21.8~~$23.3 million. We recorded goodwill of ~~$82.0~~$73.2 million, none of which is expected to be deductible for tax purposes, and other identifiable intangible assets of approximately ~~$118.8~~$131.4 million. The ~~$118.8~~$131.4 million of intangible assets are attributable to customer relationships, acquired software, trade name and favorable fair value of an operating lease and will be amortized over a weighted average period of approximately 1011 years. We recorded deferred tax liabilities of ~~$6.1~~$9.2 million related to estimated fair value allocations.

The acquisition of MicroPact augments ~~Tyler's~~our product solutions, positions us in new practice areas such as health and human services, and presents opportunities to expand our business across new and complementary markets. ~~Tyler intends~~We intend to expand ~~its~~our total addressable market through MicroPact's strong presence in the federal market. Therefore, the goodwill of ~~$82.0~~$73.2 million arising from this acquisition is primarily attributed to our ability to generate increased revenues, earnings and cash flow by expanding our addressable market and client base.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded adjustments to the preliminary opening balance sheet attributed to changes in accounts receivable, deferred revenue, customer relationships, contingent consideration and related deferred taxes resulting in a net decrease to goodwill of approximately $8.8 million.

The following unaudited pro forma consolidated operating results information has been prepared as if the MicroPact acquisition had occurred at January 1, 2018, after giving effect to certain adjustments, including amortization of intangibles, interest, transaction costs and tax effects.


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
					2019		2018		2019		2018
Revenues	$	258,864	$	238,533	$	275,400	$	257,236	$	809,389	$	750,240
Net income	26,378		36,282		40,390		40,907		99,449		115,181
Basic earnings per share	0.69		0.95		1.04		1.06		2.58		2.99
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.67	$	0.91	$	1.00	$	1.01	$	2.49	$	2.85

~~Pro~~The pro forma information above does not include acquisitions that are not considered material to our results of operations. The pro forma information does not purport to represent what our results of operations actually would have been had such transaction occurred on the date specified or to project our results of operations for any future period.

On February 1, 2019, we acquired all the assets of Civic, LLC ("MyCivic"), a company that provides software solutions to connect communities. The total purchase price was $3.7 million ~~of which $3.6 million was paid~~ in ~~cash and approximately $90,000 was accrued for a working capital holdback.~~cash.

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, the purchase price allocations for MicroPact and MyCivic are not yet complete. The preliminary estimates of fair value assumed at the acquisition date for intangible assets, deferred revenue, accrued contingent consideration, accrued holdbacks and related deferred taxes are subject to change as valuations are finalized. The operating results of MicroPact and MyCivic are included in the operating results of the Enterprise Software segment since their respective dates of acquisition. Revenues from MicroPact included in Tyler's results of operations were approximately ~~$5.5~~$16.4 million and ~~the net loss was $0.4~~$36.4 million for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31, 2019.~~September 30, 2019, respectively, and net loss was $2.0 million and $5.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Revenues and operating results from MyCivic included in 2019 results were not significant. ~~As of March 31,~~During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we incurred fees of approximately ~~$695,000~~$0.9 million for financial advisory, legal, accounting, due diligence, valuation and other various services necessary to complete these acquisitions. These fees were expensed in 2019 and are included in ~~selling,~~Selling, general and administrative ~~expenses.~~expenses on the condensed consolidated statement of income.

Our balance sheet as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, reflects the allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired based on their fair value at the date of each acquisition. The fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired are based on valuations using Level III, unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

(4) Shareholders’ Equity

The following table details activity in our common stock (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,								Three Months Ended September 30,							Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019					2018			2019				2018			2019					2018
	Shares		Amount			Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount			Shares	Amount		Shares		Amount			Shares	Amount
Purchases of treasury shares	(72	)	$	(14,289	)	—	$	—	—	$	—		—	$	—	(72	)	$	(14,289	)	—	$	—
Stock option exercises	94		6,564			350	19,298		395	40,163			326	26,219		691		62,295			1,048	70,536
Employee stock plan purchases	15		2,349			12	1,798		15	2,718			12	2,218		43		7,327			35	5,978
Restricted stock units vested, net of withheld shares upon award settlement	10		$	(1,373	)	—	$	—	1	$	(191	)	—	$	—	38		$	(3,572	)	—	$	—

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, we had authorization from our board of directors to repurchase up to 2.6 million additional shares of our common stock.

(5) Deferred Commissions

Sales commissions earned by our sales force are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Sales commissions for initial contracts are deferred and then amortized commensurate with the recognition of associated revenue over a period of benefit that we have determined to be three to seven years. Deferred commissions were ~~$23.6~~$27.4 million and $21.9 million as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, respectively. Amortization expense was ~~$3.8~~$4.4 million and $12.3 million for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, respectively, and ~~$3.5~~$3.8 million and $10.9 million for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31, 2018.~~September 30, 2018, respectively. There were no0 indicators of impairment in relation to the costs capitalized for the periods presented. Deferred commissions have been included with prepaid expenses for the current portion and non-current other assets for the long-term portion in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Amortization expense related to deferred commissions is included in ~~selling,~~Selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.

(6) Other Assets

~~Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on deposit with several domestic banks and money market funds.~~

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, we have ~~$81.0~~$68.2 million in investment grade corporate and municipal bonds with maturity dates ranging through ~~2022~~.2022. We intend to hold these bonds to maturity and have classified them as such. We believe cost approximates fair value because of the relatively short duration of these investments. The fair values of these securities are considered Level II as they are based on inputs from quoted prices in markets that are not active or other observable market data. These investments are included in short-term investments and non-current investments and other assets.

(7) Revolving Line of Credit

On ~~November 16, 2015,~~September 30, 2019, we entered into a ~~$300~~$400 million credit agreement with various lender parties and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent (the “Credit ~~Facility”~~Agreement”). The Credit ~~Facility~~Agreement provides for a revolving credit line up to ~~$300~~$400 million, including a ~~$10~~$25 million sublimit for letters of credit. The Credit ~~Facility~~Agreement matures on September 30, 2024. The new Credit Agreement replaces Tyler’s existing $300 million secured credit facility, which was scheduled to mature in November ~~16,~~ 2020. Borrowings under the Credit ~~Facility~~Agreement may be used for general corporate purposes, including working capital requirements, acquisitions and share repurchases.

Borrowings under the Credit ~~Facility~~Agreement bear interest at a rate of either (1) Wells Fargo Bank’s prime rate (subject to certain higher rate determinations) plus a margin of ~~0.25%~~0.125% to ~~1.00%~~0.75% or (2) the ~~30, 60, 90~~one-, two-, three-, or ~~180 day~~six-month LIBOR rate plus a margin of ~~1.25%~~1.125% to ~~2.00%~~1.75%. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, the interest rates were ~~5.75%~~5.25% under the Wells Fargo Bank's prime ~~rate.~~rate and approximately 3.14% under the 30-day LIBOR option. The Credit ~~Facility is secured by substantially all of our assets. The Credit Facility~~Agreement requires us to maintain certain financial ratios and other financial conditions and prohibits us from making certain investments, advances, cash dividends or loans, and limits incurrence of additional indebtedness and liens. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, we were in compliance with those covenants.

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, we had 0 outstanding borrowings ~~of $85.0 million at interest rates of approximately 3.80%,~~ under ~~a 30-day LIBOR contract. As of March 31, 2019,~~the Credit Agreement, and available borrowing capacity ~~under the Credit Facility~~ was ~~$215.0~~$400.0 million.

(8) Income Tax Provision

We had an effective income tax rate of ~~22.0%~~0.4% and 11.0% for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to ~~4.1%~~negative 0.8% and negative 0.1% for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31, 2018.~~ September 30, 2018, respectively. The change in the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2018, was principally driven by the fluctuations of the excess tax benefits related to stock incentive awards.

The effective income tax rates for the periods presented were different from the statutory United States federal income tax rate of 21% due to excess tax benefits related to stock ~~option exercises,~~incentive awards, state income taxes, non-deductible business expenses, and the tax benefit of research tax credits. The excess tax ~~benefit~~benefits related to stock ~~option exercises~~incentive awards realized ~~was $1.7~~were $11.6 million and $18.6 million for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to ~~$9.1~~$9.3 million and $30.0 million for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31, 2018.~~September 30, 2018, respectively. Excluding the excess tax benefits, the effective rate was ~~26.8%~~28.9% and 27.6% for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, compared to ~~27.2%~~23.3% and 25.8% for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31, 2018.~~

~~The increase in the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019, as compared to the same period in~~September 30, 2018, ~~was principally due to the decrease in excess tax benefit related to stock option exercises.~~respectively.

We made tax payments of ~~$88,000~~$18.1 million and ~~$218,000~~$6.8 million in the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

(9) Earnings Per Share

The following table details the reconciliation of basic earnings per share to diluted earnings per share (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		2018
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Net income	$	27,348	$	37,825	$	40,390	$	38,924	$	99,737	$	115,910
Denominator:
Weighted-average basic common shares outstanding	38,308		38,002		38,765		38,761		38,614		38,533
Assumed conversion of dilutive securities:
Stock awards	1,277		1,834		1,515		1,767		1,401		1,812
Denominator for diluted earnings per share - Adjusted weighted-average shares	39,585		39,836		40,280		40,528		40,015		40,345
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	0.71	$	1.00	$	1.04	$	1.00	$	2.58	$	3.01
Diluted	$	0.69	$	0.95	$	1.00	$	0.96	$	2.49	$	2.87

For the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 and ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2018, stock awards representing the right to purchase common stock of approximately ~~1,253,000~~443,000 and 815,000 shares and ~~1,111,000~~350,000 and 734,000 shares, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would have had an antidilutive effect.

(10) Leases

We lease office facilities for use in our operations, as well as transportation and other equipment. Most of our leases are non-cancelable operating lease agreements and they expire from one year to ~~seven~~eight years. Some of these leases include options to extend for up to 10 ~~years.We~~years. We had no finance leases and no related party lease agreements as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019. Operating lease ~~cost was~~costs were approximately ~~$2.1~~$2.6 million and $7.3 million for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, respectively, and ~~$1.6~~$1.7 million and $5.0 million for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31, 2018.~~September 30, 2018, respectively.

The components of operating lease expense were as follows (in thousands):


Lease Costs	Financial Statement Classification	Three Months Ended March 31,		Financial Statement Classification	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2019
					2019		2019
Operating lease cost	Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	1,370	Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	1,692	$	4,726
Short-term lease cost	Selling, general and administrative expenses	570		Selling, general and administrative expenses	545		1,707
Variable lease cost	Selling, general and administrative expenses	163		Selling, general and administrative expenses	370		901
Net lease cost		$	2,103		$	2,607	$	7,334

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, ROU lease assets and lease liabilities for our operating leases were recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as follows (in thousands):


	March 31, 2019
	2019
			September 30, 2019
Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	20,067	$	20,172
Liabilities:
Operating leases, short-term	5,777		6,413
Operating leases, long-term	18,956		18,134
Total lease liabilities	$	24,733	$	24,547

Supplemental information related to leases was as ~~follows (in thousands):~~follows:


Other Information	Three Months Ended March 31,			Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2019
Cash Flows (in thousands):
Cash paid amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows from operating leases				$	5,141

Cash Flows:
Cash paid amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	1,530
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations (non-cash):
Operating leases				$	3,350

Lease Term and Discount Rate:
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	5			4
Weighted average discount rate	4.00		%	4.00		%

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, maturities of lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):


Year ending December 31,	Amount			Amount

2019 (Remaining 2019)	$	5,316		$	2,124
2020	6,579			7,499
2021	5,293			6,063
2022	3,375			3,821
2023	2,716			2,856
Thereafter	3,989			4,528
Total lease payments	27,268			26,891
Less: Interest	(2,535		)	(2,344		)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	24,733		$	24,547

As of December 31, 2018, the future minimum lease commitments related to lease agreements under Topic 840, the predecessor of Topic 842, were as follows (in thousands):



Year ending December 31,	Amount
2019	$	5,994
2020	5,146
2021	3,976
2022	1,925
2023	1,164
Thereafter	2,132
Total	$	20,337

We own office buildings in Bangor, Falmouth and Yarmouth, Maine; Lubbock and Plano, Texas; Troy, Michigan; Latham, New York; and Moraine, Ohio. We lease space in some of these buildings to third-party tenants. The property we lease to others under operating leases consists primarily of specific facilities where one tenant obtains substantially all of the economic benefit from the asset and has the right to direct the use of the asset. These non-cancelable leases expire between 2019 and 2025, some of which have options to extend the lease for up to five years. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. None of our leases allow the lessee to purchase the leased asset.

Rental income for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, totaled ~~$284,000~~$261,000 and $815,000, respectively, and for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2018 totaled ~~$357,000.~~$276,000 and $898,000, respectively. Rental income is included in ~~Other~~Hardware and other revenue on the condensed consolidated ~~statement~~statements of income. Future minimum operating rental income based on contractual agreements ~~are~~is as follows (in thousands):


Year ending December 31,	Amount		Amount

2019 (Remaining 2019)	$	998	$	331
2020	1,341		1,341
2021	1,372		1,372
2022	1,402		1,402
2023	1,432		1,432
Thereafter	2,395		2,395
Total	$	8,940	$	8,273

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, we had no additional significant operating or finance leases that had not yet commenced.

(11) Share-Based Compensation

The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense related to share-based awards recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of income, pursuant to ASC 718, Stock Compensation (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		2018
Cost of software services, maintenance and subscriptions	$	3,798	$	2,776	$	3,612	$	3,909	$	11,166	$	9,640
Selling, general and administrative expenses	10,618		7,781		11,275		10,567		33,203		28,326
Total share-based compensation expense	$	14,416	$	10,557	$	14,887	$	14,476	$	44,369	$	37,966

(12) Segment and Related Information

We provide integrated information management solutions and services for the public sector, with a focus on local governments.

We provide our software systems and services and appraisal services through ~~five~~5 business units, which focus on the following products:

financial management, education and planning, regulatory and maintenance software solutions;

financial management, municipal courts, planning, regulatory and maintenance, and land and vital records management software solutions;

courts and justice and public safety software solutions;

data and insights solutions; and

appraisal and tax software solutions and property appraisal services.

In accordance with ASC 280-10, Segment Reporting, the financial management, education and planning, regulatory and maintenance software solutions unit; financial management, municipal courts, planning, regulatory and maintenance, and land and vital records management software solutions unit; courts and justice and public safety software solutions unit; and the data and insights solutions unit meet the criteria for aggregation and are presented in ~~one~~1 reportable segment, the Enterprise Software (“ES”) segment. The ES segment provides ~~municipal and county governments and schools~~public sector entities with software systems and services to meet their information technology and automation needs for mission-critical “back-office” functions such asas: financial management and education, courts and justice, ~~processes;~~ public ~~safety;~~safety, planning, regulatory and ~~maintenance;~~maintenance, land and vital records management and data ~~analytics.~~and insights. The Appraisal and Tax (“A&T”) segment provides systems and software that automate the appraisal and assessment of real and personal property as well as property appraisal outsourcing services for local governments and taxing authorities. Property appraisal outsourcing services include: the physical inspection of commercial and residential properties; data collection and processing; computer analysis for property valuation; preparation of tax rolls; community education; and arbitration between taxpayers and the assessing jurisdiction.

We evaluate performance based on several factors, of which the primary financial measure is business segment operating income. We define segment operating income for our business units as income before non-cash amortization of intangible assets associated with their acquisitions, interest expense and income taxes. Segment operating income includes intercompany transactions. The majority of intercompany transactions relate to contracts involving more than one unit and are valued based on the contractual arrangement. Segment operating income for corporate primarily consists of compensation costs for the executive management team and certain accounting and administrative staff and share-based compensation expense for the entire company. Corporate segment operating income also includes revenues and expenses related to a company-wide user conference.


For the three months ended March 31, 2019
For the three months ended September 30, 2019
	Enterprise Software		Appraisal and Tax		Corporate			Totals		Enterprise Software		Appraisal and Tax		Corporate			Totals
Revenues
Software licenses and royalties	$	19,011	$	2,782	$	—		$	21,793	$	23,449	$	1,930	$	—		$	25,379
Subscriptions	64,642		2,633		—			67,275		72,398		2,874		—			75,272
Software services	41,967		6,476		—			48,443		46,296		8,701		—			54,997
Maintenance	94,012		6,140		—			100,152		103,438		6,395		—			109,833
Appraisal services	—		5,214		—			5,214		—		6,008		—			6,008
Hardware and other	4,190		2		(3		)	4,189		3,925		—		(14		)	3,911
Intercompany	3,553		—		(3,553		)	—		4,029		—		(4,029		)	—
Total revenues	$	227,375	$	23,247	$	(3,556	)	$	247,066	$	253,535	$	25,908	$	(4,043	)	$	275,400
Segment operating income	$	57,034	$	5,535	$	(16,546	)	$	46,023	$	64,140	$	7,577	$	(18,043	)	$	53,674



For the three months ended September 30, 2018
	Enterprise Software		Appraisal and Tax		Corporate			Totals
Revenues
Software licenses and royalties	$	19,544	$	2,900	$	—		$	22,444
Subscriptions	56,220		2,479		—			58,699
Software services	41,640		6,559		—			48,199
Maintenance	90,072		6,143		—			96,215
Appraisal services	—		5,544		—			5,544
Hardware and other	4,999		—		(33		)	4,966
Intercompany	3,373		—		(3,373		)	—
Total revenues	$	215,848	$	23,625	$	(3,406	)	$	236,067
Segment operating income	$	59,334	$	6,695	$	(18,161	)	$	47,868



For the nine months ended September 30, 2019
	Enterprise Software		Appraisal and Tax		Corporate			Totals
Revenues
Software licenses and royalties	$	60,443	$	7,404	$	—		$	67,847
Subscriptions	207,907		8,115		—			216,022
Software services	138,404		22,437		—			160,841
Maintenance	297,933		18,741		—			316,674
Appraisal services	—		17,455		—			17,455
Hardware and other	12,613		2		6,136			18,751
Intercompany	11,242		—		(11,242		)	—
Total revenues	$	728,542	$	74,154	$	(5,106	)	$	797,590
Segment operating income	$	182,565	$	19,312	$	(52,260	)	$	149,617



For the nine months ended September 30, 2018
	Enterprise Software		Appraisal and Tax		Corporate			Totals
Revenues
Software licenses and royalties	$	60,224	$	7,396	$	—		$	67,620
Subscriptions	153,541		7,195		—			160,736
Software services	126,928		17,884		—			144,812
Maintenance	267,681		18,507		—			286,188
Appraisal services	—		16,470		—			16,470
Hardware and other	12,525		33		4,917			17,475
Intercompany	9,696		—		(9,696		)	—
Total revenues	$	630,595	$	67,485	$	(4,779	)	$	693,301
Segment operating income	$	174,365	$	16,845	$	(48,900	)	$	142,310

For the three months ended March 31, 2018

Enterprise
Software
Appraisal and Tax Corporate Totals
Revenues
Software licenses and royalties $ 20,689
$ 2,087
$ —
$ 22,776
Subscriptions 46,683
2,345
—
49,028
Software services 40,286
5,653
—
45,939
Maintenance 87,813
6,084
—
93,897
Appraisal services —
5,394
—
5,394
Hardware and other 3,800
—
340
4,140
Intercompany 3,237
—
(3,237 ) —
Total revenues $ 202,508
$ 21,563
$ (2,897 ) $ 221,174
Segment operating income $ 56,615
$ 4,647
$ (13,727 ) $ 47,535


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
Reconciliation of reportable segment operating income to the Company's consolidated totals:	2019			2018			2019			2018			2019			2018
Total segment operating income	$	46,023		$	47,535		$	53,674		$	47,868		$	149,617		$	142,310
Amortization of acquired software	(6,682		)	(5,382		)	(7,975		)	(5,897		)	(22,645		)	(17,003		)
Amortization of other intangibles	(4,850		)	(3,315		)
Other income (expense), net	586			599
Amortization of customer and trade name intangibles							(5,646		)	(4,386		)	(15,762		)	(11,742		)
Other income, net							499			1,041			838			2,198
Income before income taxes	$	35,077		$	39,437		$	40,552		$	38,626		$	112,048		$	115,763

(13) Disaggregation of Revenue

The tables below show disaggregation of revenue into categories that reflect how economic factors affect the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows.

Timing of Revenue Recognition

Timing of revenue recognition by revenue category during the period is as follows (in thousands):


For the three months ended March 31, 2019
For the three months ended September 30, 2019
	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total		Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Software licenses and royalties	$	16,910	$	4,883	$	21,793	$	21,362	$	4,017	$	25,379
Subscriptions	—		67,275		67,275		—		75,272		75,272
Software services	—		48,443		48,443		—		54,997		54,997
Maintenance	—		100,152		100,152		—		109,833		109,833
Appraisal services	—		5,214		5,214		—		6,008		6,008
Hardware and other	4,189		—		4,189		3,911		—		3,911
Total	$	21,099	$	225,967	$	247,066	$	25,273	$	250,127	$	275,400



For the nine months ended September 30, 2019
	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Software licenses and royalties	$	54,074	$	13,773	$	67,847
Subscriptions	—		216,022		216,022
Software services	—		160,841		160,841
Maintenance	—		316,674		316,674
Appraisal services	—		17,455		17,455
Hardware and other	18,751		—		18,751
Total	$	72,825	$	724,765	$	797,590


For the three months ended March 31, 2018
For the three months ended September 30, 2018
	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total		Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Software licenses and royalties	$	19,063	$	3,713	$	22,776	$	17,373	$	5,071	$	22,444
Subscriptions	—		49,028		49,028		—		58,699		58,699
Software services	—		45,939		45,939		—		48,199		48,199
Maintenance	—		93,897		93,897		—		96,215		96,215
Appraisal services	—		5,394		5,394		—		5,544		5,544
Hardware and other	4,140		—		4,140		4,966		—		4,966
Total	$	23,203	$	197,971	$	221,174	$	22,339	$	213,728	$	236,067



For the nine months ended September 30, 2018
	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Software licenses and royalties	$	53,697	$	13,923	$	67,620
Subscriptions	—		160,736		160,736
Software services	—		144,812		144,812
Maintenance	—		286,188		286,188
Appraisal services	—		16,470		16,470
Hardware and other	17,475		—		17,475
Total	$	71,172	$	622,129	$	693,301

Recurring Revenue

The majority of our revenue is comprised of recurring revenues from maintenance and subscriptions. Virtually all of our on-premises software clients contract with us for maintenance and support, which provides us with a significant source of recurring revenue. We generally provide maintenance and support for our on-premises clients under annual, or in some cases, multi-year contracts. The contract terms for subscription arrangements range from one to 10 years but are typically contracted for initial periods of three to five years, providing a significant source of recurring revenues on an annual basis. Non-recurring revenues are derived for all other revenue categories.

Recurring revenues and non-recurring revenues recognized during the period are as follows (in thousands):


For the three months ended March 31, 2019
For the three months ended September 30, 2019
	Enterprise Software		Appraisal and Tax		Corporate			Totals		Enterprise Software		Appraisal and Tax		Corporate			Totals

Recurring revenues	$	158,654	$	8,773	$	—		$	167,427	$	175,836	$	9,269	$	—		$	185,105
Non-recurring revenues	65,168		14,474		(3		)	79,639		73,670		16,639		(14		)	90,295
Intercompany	3,553		—		(3,553		)	—		4,029		—		(4,029		)	—
Total revenues	$	227,375	$	23,247	$	(3,556	)	$	247,066	$	253,535	$	25,908	$	(4,043	)	$	275,400

For the three months ended March 31, 2018

Enterprise
Software
Appraisal and Tax Corporate Totals

Recurring revenues $ 134,496
$ 8,429
$ —
$ 142,925
Non-recurring revenues 64,775
13,134
340
78,249
Intercompany 3,237
—
(3,237 ) —
Total revenues $ 202,508
$ 21,563
$ (2,897 ) $ 221,174



For the nine months ended September 30, 2019
	Enterprise Software		Appraisal and Tax		Corporate			Totals

Recurring revenues	$	505,840	$	26,856	$	—		$	532,696
Non-recurring revenues	211,460		47,298		6,136			264,894
Intercompany	11,242		—		(11,242		)	—
Total revenues	$	728,542	$	74,154	$	(5,106	)	$	797,590



For the three months ended September 30, 2018
	Enterprise Software		Appraisal and Tax		Corporate			Totals

Recurring revenues	$	146,292	$	8,622	$	—		$	154,914
Non-recurring revenues	66,183		15,003		(33		)	81,153
Intercompany	3,373		—		(3,373		)	—
Total revenues	$	215,848	$	23,625	$	(3,406	)	$	236,067



For the nine months ended September 30, 2018
	Enterprise Software		Appraisal and Tax		Corporate			Totals

Recurring revenues	$	421,222	$	25,702	$	—		$	446,924
Non-recurring revenues	199,677		41,783		4,917			246,377
Intercompany	9,696		—		(9,696		)	—
Total revenues	$	630,595	$	67,485	$	(4,779	)	$	693,301

(14) Deferred Revenue and Performance Obligations

Total deferred revenue, including long-term, by segment is as follows (in thousands):


	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Enterprise Software	$	298,184	$	327,521	$	367,416	$	327,521
Appraisal and Tax	21,589		20,018		23,224		20,018
Corporate	569		3,397		1,161		3,397
Totals	$	320,342	$	350,936	$	391,801	$	350,936

Changes in total deferred revenue, including long-term, were as follows (in thousands):


	March 31, 2019			September 30, 2019
Balance, beginning of period December 31, 2018	$	350,936		$	350,936
Deferral of revenue	167,975			691,512
Recognition of deferred revenue	(198,569		)	(650,647		)
Balance, end of period	$	320,342		$	391,801

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

The aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized ("~~Backlog"~~backlog"), which includes deferred revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Backlog as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, was ~~$1.3~~$1.4 billion, of which we expect to recognize approximately ~~50%~~49% as revenue over the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter.

(15) Commitments and Contingencies

Other than routine litigation incidental to our business, there are no0 material legal proceedings pending to which we are party or to which any of our properties are subject.

(16) Subsequent Events

The following events and transactions occurred subsequent to September 30, 2019:

On October 30, 2019, we acquired certain assets of Courthouse Technologies, Ltd, an industry-leading provider of jury management systems that offers fully integrated, end-to-end software-as-a-service (SaaS) solution to manage all facets of juror management, from source list generation to juror processing and payment. The total purchase price was approximately $19 million in cash, subject to certain post-closing adjustments.

ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

CAUTIONARY NOTE CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This document contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are not historical in nature and typically address future or anticipated events, trends, expectations or beliefs with respect to our financial condition, results of operations or business. Forward-looking statements often contain words such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “foresees,” “forecasts,” “estimates,” “plans,” “intends,” “continues,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “projects,” “might,” “could” or other similar words or phrases. Similarly, statements that describe our business strategy, outlook, objectives, plans, intentions or goals also are forward-looking statements. We believe there is a reasonable basis for our forward-looking statements, but they are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties and actual results could differ materially from the expectations and beliefs reflected in the forward-looking statements. We presently consider the following to be among the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations and beliefs: (1) changes in the budgets or regulatory environments of our clients, primarily local and state governments, that could negatively impact information technology spending; (2) our ability to protect client information from security breaches and provide uninterrupted operations of data centers; (3) our ability to achieve growth or operational synergies through the integration of acquired businesses, while avoiding unanticipated costs and disruptions to existing operations; (4) material portions of our business require the Internet infrastructure to be adequately maintained; (5) our ability to achieve our financial forecasts due to various factors, including project delays by our clients, reductions in transaction size, fewer transactions, delays in delivery of new products or releases or a decline in our renewal rates for service agreements; (6) general economic, political and market conditions; (7) technological and market risks associated with the development of new products or services or of new versions of existing or acquired products or services; (8) competition in the industry in which we conduct business and the impact of competition on pricing, client retention and pressure for new products or services; (9) the ability to attract and retain qualified personnel and dealing with the loss or retirement of key members of management or other key personnel; and (10) costs of compliance and any failure to comply with government and stock exchange regulations. A detailed discussion of these factors and other risks that affect our business are described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” We expressly disclaim any obligation to publicly update or revise our forward-looking statements.

GENERAL

We provide integrated information management solutions and services for the public sector, with a focus on local governments. We develop and market a broad line of software products and services to address the IT needs of ~~cities, counties, schools and other local government~~public sector entities. In addition, we provide professional IT services to our clients, including software and hardware installation, data conversion, training, and for certain clients, product modifications, along with continuing maintenance and support for clients using our systems. We also provide subscription-based services such as software as a service (“SaaS”), which primarily utilize the Tyler private cloud, and electronic document filing solutions (“e-filing”), which simplify the filing and management of court related documents. Revenues for e-filing are derived from transaction fees and, in some cases, fixed fee arrangements. We also provide property appraisal outsourcing services for taxing jurisdictions.

Our products generally automate seven major functional areas: (1) financial management and education, (2) courts and justice, (3) public safety (4) property appraisal and tax, (5) planning, regulatory and maintenance (6) land and vital records management and (7) data and insights. We report our results in two segments. The Enterprise Software (“ES”) segment provides ~~federal, municipal and county governments and schools~~public sector entities with software systems and services to meet their information technology and automation needs for mission-critical “back-office” functions such as: financial management; courts and justice processes; public safety; planning, regulatory and maintenance; land and vital records management; and data analytics. The Appraisal and Tax (“A&T”) segment provides systems and software that automate the appraisal and assessment of real and personal property as well as property appraisal outsourcing services for local governments and taxing authorities. Property appraisal outsourcing services include: the physical inspection of commercial and residential properties; data collection and processing; computer analysis for property valuation; preparation of tax rolls; community education; and arbitration between taxpayers and the assessing jurisdiction.

Our total employee count increased to ~~5,053~~5,291 at ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, from ~~4,121~~4,447 at ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2018.

For the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, respectively, total revenues increased ~~12%~~16.7% and 15.0%, compared to the prior year period.

Subscriptions revenue grew ~~37%~~28.2% and 34.4% for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, respectively, due to ~~a gradual~~an ongoing shift toward cloud-based, software as a service business, as well as continued ~~strong~~ growth in our e-filing revenues from courts. Excluding the impact of recent acquisitions, subscriptions revenue increased ~~22%~~23.2% and 24.8% for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31, 2019.~~

September 30, 2019, respectively.

Our backlog at ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 was ~~$1.3~~$1.4 billion, a 5%13.9% increase from last year.

Adoption of New Lease Accounting Standard

On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases ("Topic 842") using the transition method that allows us to initially apply the guidance at the adoption date of January 1, 2019, and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. We used the package of practical expedients that allows us to not reassess: (1) lease classification for any expired or existing leases and (2) initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases. The impacts of adoption are reflected in the financial information herein. For additional information, see Note 10 to our condensed consolidated financial statements in this report.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements. These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared following the requirements of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for the interim period and require us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition and amortization and potential impairment of intangible assets and goodwill and share-based compensation expense. As these are condensed financial statements, one should also read expanded information about our critical accounting policies and estimates provided in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Except for the accounting policies for operating leases updated as a result of adopting ASU No. 2016-02, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates from the information provided in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Percent of Total Revenues
First Quarter
2019 2018
Revenues:
Software licenses and royalties 8.8 % 10.3 %
Subscriptions 27.2
22.2
Software services 19.6
20.8
Maintenance 40.6
42.4
Appraisal services 2.1
2.4
Hardware and other 1.7
1.9
Total revenues 100.0
100.0
Cost of revenues:

Software licenses, royalties and acquired software 3.0
2.8
Software services, maintenance and subscriptions 47.4
48.0
Appraisal services 1.4
1.7
Hardware and other 1.2
1.1
Selling, general and administrative expenses 23.4
21.5
Research and development expense 7.7
5.9
Amortization of customer and trade name intangibles 2.0
1.5
Operating income 13.9
17.5
Other income, net 0.2
0.3
Income before income taxes 14.1
17.8
Income tax provision 3.1
0.7
Net income 11.0 % 17.1 %



	Percent of Total Revenues
	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Revenues:
Software licenses and royalties	9.2	%	9.5	%	8.5	%	9.8	%
Subscriptions	27.3		24.9		27.1		23.2
Software services	20.0		20.4		20.2		20.9
Maintenance	39.9		40.8		39.6		41.2
Appraisal services	2.2		2.3		2.2		2.4
Hardware and other	1.4		2.1		2.4		2.5
Total revenues	100.0		100.0		100.0		100.0
Cost of revenues:
Software licenses, royalties and acquired software	3.2		2.9		3.2		2.9
Software services, maintenance and subscriptions	46.7		47.2		46.6		47.2
Appraisal services	1.5		1.5		1.4		1.6
Hardware and other	1.1		1.1		1.9		1.7
Selling, general and administrative expenses	23.2		22.3		23.5		22.0
Research and development expense	7.7		7.2		7.5		6.6
Amortization of customer and trade name intangibles	2.1		1.9		2.0		1.7
Operating income	14.5		15.9		13.9		16.3
Other income, net	0.2		0.4		0.1		0.3
Income before income taxes	14.7		16.3		14.0		16.6
Income tax provision (benefit)	0.1		(0.1	)	1.5		—
Net income	14.6	%	16.4	%	12.5	%	16.6	%

Revenues

On February 28, 2019, we acquired all of the capital stock of MP Holdings Parent, Inc. dba MicroPact ("MicroPact"), a leading provider of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) solutions, including entellitrak®, a low-code application development platform for case management and business process management used extensively in the public sector. The following table details revenue for MicroPact for the ~~quarter~~three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, which is included in our condensed consolidated statements of income from the date of acquisition:


(In Thousands)	First Quarter
(In thousands)			Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
Revenues:
Software licenses and royalties	$	714	$	1,109	$	1,869
Subscriptions	630		2,024		4,606
Software services	1,707		5,100		12,055
Maintenance	2,392		8,120		17,854
Appraisal services	—		—		—
Hardware and other	13		3		24
Total revenues	$	5,456	$	16,356	$	36,408

We also acquired all the assets of Civic, LLC ("MyCivic"), a company that provides software solutions to connect communities. The impact of this acquisition on our operating results is not considered material and is not included in the table above. The results of these acquisitions are included with the operating results of the ES segment from their dates of acquisition.

Software licenses and royalties

The following table sets forth a comparison of our software licenses and royalties revenue for the periods presented as of ~~March 31:~~September 30:


	First Quarter				Change					Three Months Ended				Change					Nine Months Ended				Change
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		$			%		2019		2018		$			%		2019		2018		$		%
ES	$	19,011	$	20,689	$	(1,678	)	(8	)%	$	23,449	$	19,544	$	3,905		20	%	$	60,443	$	60,224	$	219	—	%
A&T	2,782		2,087		695			33		1,930		2,900		(970		)	(33	)	7,404		7,396		8		—
Total software licenses and royalties revenue	$	21,793	$	22,776	$	(983	)	(4	)%	$	25,379	$	22,444	$	2,935		13	%	$	67,847	$	67,620	$	227	—	%

Excluding the results of acquisitions, software licenses and royalties revenue increased 8.1% and decreased ~~7.4%~~2.4% for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the prior year period. The increase in software license and royalties revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2019, is attributed to several large on-premise sales of our financial management and schools and planning solutions partially offset by more clients choosing our subscription based option, rather than purchasing the software under a traditional perpetual software arrangement. The decline ~~was~~in software licenses and royalties revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, is primarily ~~due~~attributed to a shift in the mix of new software contracts toward more subscription agreements compared to the prior year. Our total new contract value mix for the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, was approximately ~~46%~~49% perpetual software license arrangements and approximately ~~54%~~51% subscription-based arrangements compared to total new contract value mix for the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2018, of approximately ~~60%~~63% perpetual software license arrangements and approximately ~~40%~~37% subscription-based arrangements.

Although the mix of new contracts between subscription-based and perpetual license arrangements may vary from quarter to quarter and year to year, we expect our longer-term software license growth rate to slow as a growing number of clients choose our subscription-based options, rather than purchasing the software under a traditional perpetual software license arrangement. Subscription-based arrangements generally do not result in ~~lower software~~ license revenue in the initial year as compared to perpetual software license arrangements but generate higher overall revenue over the term of the contract.

Subscriptions

The following table sets forth a comparison of our subscriptions revenue for the periods presented as of ~~March 31:~~September 30:


	First Quarter				Change				Three Months Ended				Change				Nine Months Ended				Change
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		$		%		2019		2018		$		%		2019		2018		$		%
ES	$	64,642	$	46,683	$	17,959	38	%	$	72,398	$	56,220	$	16,178	29	%	$	207,907	$	153,541	$	54,366	35	%
A&T	2,633		2,345		288		12		2,874		2,479		395		16		8,115		7,195		920		13
Total subscriptions revenue	$	67,275	$	49,028	$	18,247	37	%	$	75,272	$	58,699	$	16,573	28	%	$	216,022	$	160,736	$	55,286	34	%

Subscriptions revenue primarily consists of revenue derived from our SaaS arrangements, which primarily utilize the Tyler private cloud. As part of our subscription-based services, we also provide e-filing arrangements that simplify the filing and management of court related documents for courts and law offices. E-filing revenue is derived from transaction fees and fixed fee arrangements.

Excluding the results of acquisitions, subscriptions revenue grew ~~22%~~23.2% and 24.8% for the three and nine months ending ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the prior year. New SaaS clients as well as existing clients who converted to our SaaS model provided the majority of the subscriptions revenue increase. In the three and nine months ending ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, respectively, we added ~~128~~150 and 432 new SaaS clients and 1320 and 60 existing on-premises clients converted to our SaaS model. Since ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2018, we have added ~~416~~513 new SaaS clients while 8468 existing on-premises clients converted to our SaaS model. Also, e-filing services contributed approximately ~~$2.2~~$1.4 million and $5.3 million to the subscriptions revenue increase for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, respectively, due to the addition of new e-filing clients, as well as increased volumes as the result of several existing clients mandating e-filing.

Software services

The following table sets forth a comparison of our software services revenue for the periods presented as of ~~March 31:~~September 30:


	First Quarter				Change				Three Months Ended				Change				Nine Months Ended				Change
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		$		%		2019		2018		$		%		2019		2018		$		%
ES	$	41,967	$	40,286	$	1,681	4	%	$	46,296	$	41,640	$	4,656	11	%	$	138,404	$	126,928	$	11,476	9	%
A&T	6,476		5,653		823		15		8,701		6,559		2,142		33		22,437		17,884		4,553		25
Total software services revenue	$	48,443	$	45,939	$	2,504	5	%	$	54,997	$	48,199	$	6,798	14	%	$	160,841	$	144,812	$	16,029	11	%

Software services revenue primarily consists of professional services delivered in connection with implementing our software, converting client data, training client personnel, custom development activities and consulting. New clients who acquire our software generally also contract with us to provide the related software services. Existing clients also periodically purchase additional training, consulting and minor programming services. Excluding the results of acquisitions, software services revenue ~~decreased 2%~~increased 2.9% and 0.9% for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the prior year period. ~~The decline in software~~For the three and nine months ended, the increase is due to higher new contract volume and the addition of professional services ~~is attributed~~staff to ~~an increase in~~grow our ~~client mix toward SaaS~~capacity to deliver backlog, partially offset by clients converting from on-premises license arrangements to SaaS. Excluding employees added with acquisitions, our implementation and ~~subscription-based arrangements that require fewer implementation services.~~support staff has grown by 233 employees since September 30, 2018.

Maintenance

The following table sets forth a comparison of our maintenance revenue for the periods presented as of ~~March 31:~~September 30:


	First Quarter				Change				Three Months Ended				Change				Nine Months Ended				Change
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		$		%		2019		2018		$		%		2019		2018		$		%
ES	$	94,012	$	87,813	$	6,199	7	%	$	103,438	$	90,072	$	13,366	15	%	$	297,933	$	267,681	$	30,252	11	%
A&T	6,140		6,084		56		1		6,395		6,143		252		4		18,741		18,507		234		1.3
Total maintenance revenue	$	100,152	$	93,897	$	6,255	7	%	$	109,833	$	96,215	$	13,618	14	%	$	316,674	$	286,188	$	30,486	11	%

We provide maintenance and support services for our software products and certain third-party software. Excluding the results of acquisitions, maintenance revenue grew 4%5.7% and 4.4% for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the prior year period.

Maintenance revenue increased mainly due to annual maintenance rate increases and growth in our installed customer base from new software license sales partially offset by clients converting from on-premises license arrangements to SaaS.

Appraisal services

The following table sets forth a comparison of our appraisal services revenue for the periods presented as of ~~March 31:~~September 30:


	First Quarter				Change					Three Months Ended				Change				Nine Months Ended				Change
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		$			%		2019		2018		$		%		2019		2018		$		%
ES	$	—	$	—	$	—		—	%	$	—	$	—	$	—	—	%	$	—	$	—	$	—	—	%
A&T	5,214		5,394		(180		)	(3	)	6,008		5,544		464		8		17,455		16,470		985		6
Total appraisal services revenue	$	5,214	$	5,394	$	(180	)	(3	)%	$	6,008	$	5,544	$	464	8	%	$	17,455	$	16,470	$	985	6	%

Appraisal services revenue for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, ~~decreased~~increased by 3%8.4% and 6.0%, respectively, compared to the prior year primarily due to the ~~successful completion~~addition of several new revaluation ~~projects in mid - 2018.~~contracts started during the second quarter of 2019. The appraisal services business is somewhat cyclical and driven in part by statutory revaluation cycles in various states.

Cost of Revenues and Gross Margins

The following table sets forth a comparison of the key components of our cost of revenues for the periods presented as of ~~March 31:~~September 30:


	First Quarter				Change					Three Months Ended				Change				Nine Months Ended				Change
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		$			%		2019		2018		$		%		2019		2018		$			%
Software licenses and royalties	$	818	$	778	$	40		5	%	$	971	$	957	$	14	1	%	$	2,680	$	2,939	$	(259	)	(9	)%
Acquired software	6,682		5,382		1,300			24		7,975		5,897		2,078		35		22,645		17,003		5,642			33
Software services, maintenance and subscriptions	117,160		106,085		11,075			10		128,545		111,508		17,037		15		371,464		327,080		44,384			14
Appraisal services	3,452		3,781		(329		)	(9	)	4,096		3,505		591		17		11,306		10,854		452			4
Hardware and other	2,906		2,343		563			24		3,096		2,574		522		20		14,870		11,718		3,152			27
Total cost of revenues	$	131,018	$	118,369	$	12,649		11	%	$	144,683	$	124,441	$	20,242	16	%	$	422,965	$	369,594	$	53,371		14	%

The following table sets forth a comparison of gross margin percentage by revenue type for the periods presented as of ~~March 31:~~September 30:


	First Quarter						Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	2019		2018		Change		2019		2018		Change		2019		2018		Change
Software licenses, royalties and acquired software	65.6	%	73.0	%	(7.4	)%	64.8	%	69.5	%	(4.7	)%	62.7	%	70.5	%	(7.8	)%
Software services, maintenance and subscriptions	45.7		43.8		1.9		46.5		45.1		1.4		46.4		44.7		1.7
Appraisal services	33.8		29.9		3.9		31.8		36.8		(5.0	)	35.2		34.1		1.1
Hardware and other	30.6		43.4		(12.8	)	20.8		48.2		(27.4	)	20.7		32.9		(12.2	)
Overall gross margin	47.0	%	46.5	%	0.5	%	47.5	%	47.3	%	0.2	%	47.0	%	46.7	%	0.3	%

Software licenses, royalties and acquired software. Amortization expense for acquired software comprises the majority of costs of software licenses, royalties and acquired software. We do not have any direct costs associated with royalties. In the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, our software licenses, royalties and acquired software gross margin decreased ~~7.4%~~4.7% and 7.8%, respectively, compared to the prior year period due to ~~the decline in software licenses revenues coupled with~~ higher amortization expense for acquired software resulting from acquisitions.

Software services, maintenance and subscriptions. Cost of software services, maintenance and subscriptions primarily consists of personnel costs related to installation of our software, conversion of client data, training client personnel and support activities and various other services such as custom client development and ongoing operation of SaaS and e-filing arrangements. The software services, maintenance and subscription gross margin in the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, both increased ~~1.9%~~1.4% and 1.7% , respectively, from the comparable prior year period. Excluding employees added through acquisitions, our implementation and support staff has grown by ~~104~~233 employees since ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2018, as we accelerated hiring to ensure that we are well-positioned to deliver our current backlog and anticipated new business. Costs related to maintenance and various other services such as SaaS and e-filing typically grow at a slower rate than related revenue due to leverage in the utilization of support and maintenance staff and economies of scale.

Appraisal services. Appraisal services revenue was approximately 2%2.2% of total revenue for both the three and nine months ended ~~March 31, 2019.~~September 30, 2019, respectively. The appraisal services gross margin for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, decreased 5.0% and increased ~~3.9%~~1.1%, respectively, compared to the same period in 2018. During the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, appraisal services gross margin decreased due to staffing increases resulting from new revaluation projects. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, appraisal services gross margin increased due to ~~lower headcount~~ramp up of ~~appraisal staff.~~several new revaluation projects during second quarter 2019. The appraisal services business is somewhat cyclical and driven in part by statutory revaluation cycles in various states.

For the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, respectively, our overall gross margin increased ~~0.5%~~0.2% and 0.3% compared to the prior year ~~period.~~periods. Our overall gross margin ~~increase~~increases for the three ~~month period is~~and nine months periods are attributed to a higher revenue mix for subscription revenues compared to the prior year ~~period~~periods resulting in an increase in incremental margin related to software services, maintenance and subscriptions. Costs related to maintenance and various other services such as SaaS and e-filing typically grow at a slower rate than related revenue due to leverage in the utilization of support and maintenance staff and economies of scale. The increase in overall margins are partially offset by lower margins from software licenses, in part due to lower software license revenue and higher amortization expense for acquired software resulting from acquisitions.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses consist primarily of salaries, employee benefits, travel, share-based compensation expense, commissions and related overhead costs for administrative and sales and marketing employees, as well as professional fees, trade show activities, advertising costs and other marketing related costs.

The following table sets forth a comparison of our SG&A expenses for the periods presented as of ~~March 31:~~September 30:


	First Quarter				Change				Three Months Ended				Change				Nine Months Ended				Change
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		$		%		2019		2018		$		%		2019		2018		$		%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	57,766	$	47,604	$	10,162	21	%	$	63,888	$	52,605	$	11,283	21	%	$	187,481	$	152,471	$	35,010	23	%

SG&A as a percentage of revenues was ~~23%~~23.2% and 23.5% for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to ~~22%~~22.3% and 22.0% for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31, 2018.~~September 30, 2018, respectively. SG&A expense increased 21% and 23% for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31, 2019.~~September 30, 2019, respectively. This increase is mainly due to higher share-based compensation expense, increased staffing levels, and an increase in commission expense as a result of higher sales. Excluding employees added with acquisitions, we have added 5277 SG&A employees, mainly to our sales and finance teams, since ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2018. For the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, stock compensation expense rose ~~$2.8~~$0.7 million and $4.9 million, respectively, compared to the same period in 2018, mainly due to an increase in share-based awards issued in connection with our stock compensation plan coupled with the higher fair value of each share-based award due to the increase in our stock price.

Research and Development Expense

The following table sets forth a comparison of our research and development expense for the periods presented as of ~~March 31:~~September 30:


	First Quarter				Change				Three Months Ended				Change				Nine Months Ended				Change
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		$		%		2019		2018		$		%		2019		2018		$		%
Research and development expense	$	18,941	$	13,048	$	5,893	45	%	$	21,130	$	17,050	$	4,080	24	%	$	60,172	$	45,929	$	14,243	31	%

Research and development expense consists mainly of costs associated with development of new products and technologies from which we do not currently generate significant revenue.

Research and development expense in the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, increased ~~45%~~24% and 31%, respectively, compared to the prior ~~period~~periods mainly due to a number of new Tyler product development initiatives across our product suites, as well as investments related to ~~newly~~recently acquired businesses. To support these initiatives, our research and development staff has grown by ~~211~~154 since ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2018.

Amortization of Other Intangibles

Acquisition intangibles are composed of the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net tangible assets acquired that is primarily allocated to acquired software and customer and trade name intangibles. The remaining excess purchase price is allocated to goodwill that is not subject to amortization. Amortization expense related to acquired software is included with cost of revenues while amortization expense of customer and trade name intangibles is recorded as operating expense. ~~Increase~~The increase in amortization of other intangibles is primarily attributed to the acquisition of Socrata, Inc., and MicroPact, which closed during the second quarter of ~~2018.~~2018 and first quarter of 2019, respectively.

The following table sets forth a comparison of amortization of customer and trade name intangibles for the periods presented as of ~~March 31:~~September 30:


	First Quarter				Change				Three Months Ended				Change				Nine Months Ended				Change
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		$		%		2019		2018		$		%		2019		2018		$		%
Amortization of other intangibles	$	4,850	$	3,315	$	1,535	46	%	$	5,646	$	4,386	$	1,260	29	%	$	15,762	$	11,742	$	4,020	34	%

Other Income, Net

The following table sets forth a comparison of our other income, net, for the periods presented as of ~~March 31:~~September 30:


	First Quarter				Change					Three Months Ended				Change				Nine Months Ended				Change
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		$			%		2019		2018		$			%	2019		2018		$			%
Other income, net	$	586	$	599	$	(13	)	(2	)%	$	499	$	1,041	$	(542	)	NM	$	838	$	2,198	$	(1,360	)	NM

Other income, net, is comprised of interest income from invested cash net of interest expense and non-usage and other fees associated with our revolving credit ~~agreement net of interest income from invested cash.~~agreement. The ~~change~~decrease in other income, net, in the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, compared to the prior ~~period~~periods is due to increased interest expense from new debt outstanding under our credit agreement, coupled with decreased interest income from lower levels of invested cash.

Income Tax Provision

The following table sets forth a comparison of our income tax provision for the periods presented as of ~~March 31:~~September 30:


	First Quarter						Change				Three Months Ended						Change			Nine Months Ended						Change
($ in thousands)	2019			2018			$		%		2019			2018			$		%	2019			2018			$		%
Income tax provision	$	7,729		$	1,612		$	6,117	379	%
Income tax provision (benefit)											$	162		$	(298	)	$	460	NM	$	12,311		$	(147	)	$	12,458	NM

Effective income tax rate	22.0		%	4.1		%					0.4		%	(0.8		)%				11.0		%	(0.1		)%

The ~~increase~~change in effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, as compared to the same ~~period~~periods in 2018, was principally ~~due to~~driven by the ~~decrease in~~fluctuations of the excess tax ~~benefit~~benefits related to stock ~~option exercises.~~incentive awards. The effective income tax rates for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, were different from the statutory United States federal income tax rates of 21% due to excess tax benefits related to stock ~~option exercises,~~incentive awards, state income taxes, non-deductible business expenses, and the tax benefit of research tax credits. The excess tax ~~benefit~~benefits related to stock ~~option exercises~~incentive awards realized ~~was $1.7~~were $11.6 million and $18.6 million for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to ~~$9.1~~$9.3 million and $30.0 million for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31, 2018.~~ September 30, 2018, respectively.

Excluding the excess tax benefits, the effective rate was ~~26.8%~~28.9% and 27.6% for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, compared to ~~27.2%~~23.3% and 25.8% for the three and nine months ended ~~March 31, 2018.~~

September 30, 2018, respectively.

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND LIQUIDITY

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of ~~$39.4~~$161.4 million compared to $134.3 million at December 31, 2018. We also had ~~$81.0~~$68.2 million invested in investment grade corporate and municipal bonds as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019. These investments mature through 2022,, and we intend to hold these investments until maturity. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, we believe our cash from operating activities, revolving line of credit, cash on hand and access to the capital markets provides us with sufficient flexibility to meet our long-term financial needs.

The following table sets forth a summary of cash flows for the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31:~~September 30:


(in thousands)	2019			2018			2019			2018

Cash flows provided (used) by:
Operating activities	$	23,957		$	44,631		$	178,527		$	179,353
Investing activities	(194,890		)	(41,037		)	(203,204		)	(222,341		)
Financing activities	76,091			21,096			51,836			76,514
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	(94,842	)	$	24,690
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents							$	27,159		$	33,526

Net cash provided by operating activities continues to be our primary source of funds to finance operating needs and capital expenditures. Other potential capital resources include cash on hand, public and private issuances of debt or equity securities, and bank borrowings. It is possible that our ability to access the capital and credit markets in the future may be limited by economic conditions or other factors. We believe that cash provided by operating activities, cash on hand and available credit are sufficient to fund our working capital requirements, capital expenditures, income tax obligations, and share repurchases for at least the next twelve months.

For the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, operating activities provided cash of ~~$24.0~~$178.5 million. Operating activities that provided cash were primarily comprised of net income of ~~$27.3~~$99.7 million, non-cash depreciation and amortization charges of ~~$17.3~~$56.5 million, ~~and~~ non-cash share-based compensation expense of ~~$14.4~~$44.4 million and non-cash decrease in operating lease right-of-use assets of $4.0 million. Working capital, excluding cash, increased approximately ~~$35.1~~$26.1 million mainly due ~~the decline~~to higher accounts receivable because of an increase in unbilled receivables attributed to revenues recognized prior to billings and annual subscription billings, higher deferred ~~revenue balances,~~commissions and the timing of tax payments ~~related to bonuses~~ and ~~prepaid commissions, and the~~ deferred taxes associated with stock option activity during the period. These increases were offset by ~~collections~~an increase in deferred revenue during the period. In general, changes in deferred revenue are cyclical and primarily driven by the timing of ~~annual~~our maintenance renewal billings ~~that~~and subscription billings. Our maintenance renewal dates occur throughout the year, but our largest renewal billing cycles occur in the second and fourth quarters. In addition, subscription renewals are billed inthroughout the ~~fourth quarter, as well as the timing of income tax payments.~~year.

Our days sales outstanding (“DSO”) was ~~104~~114 days at ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, compared to 111 days at December 31, 2018 and 88107 days at ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2018. The ~~decrease~~increase in DSO compared to December 31, 2018, is primarily attributed to our maintenance billing cycle typically peaking at its highest level in June and second highest level in December of each year and is followed by collections in the subsequent quarter. DSO is calculated based on quarter-end accounts receivable divided by the quotient of annualized quarterly revenues divided by 360 days. The increase in DSO compared to ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2018, is mainly due to an increase in unbilled receivables ~~attributed~~attributable to an increase in software services contracts accounted for using progress-to-completion method of revenue recognition in which the services are performed in one accounting period, but the billing normally occurs subsequently in another accounting period.

Investing activities used cash of ~~$194.9~~$203.2 million in the ~~three~~nine months ending ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019. On February 28, 2019, we acquired all of the capital stock of MicroPact. The total purchase price, net of cash acquired of $2.0 million, was approximately ~~$204.2~~$203.7 million, including ~~$197.5~~$198.2 million paid in cash, accrued contingent consideration of ~~$7.0~~$6.6 million and ~~$1.7~~$1.0 million accrued for certain holdbacks. On February 1, 2019, we acquired all the assets of MyCivic. The total purchase price was $3.7 million ~~of which $3.6 million was paid~~ in cash ~~and approximately $90,000 was accrued for a working capital holdback.~~paid. Approximately ~~$12.3~~$28.8 million was invested in property and equipment, including ~~$8.7~~$15.0 million related to real estate. ~~Approximately $690,000~~In addition, approximately $3.5 million of software development was capitalized in the quarter. The remaining additions were for computer equipment and furniture and fixtures in support of internal growth, particularly with respect to data centers supporting growth in our cloud-based offerings.

Investing activities used cash of ~~$41.0~~$222.3 million in the ~~three~~nine months ending ~~March~~September 30, 2018. On August 31, 2018, we acquired all of the assets of CaseloadPRO, L.P., a company that provides a fully featured probation case management system. The purchase price was $9.2 million, of which $9.1 million was paid in cash and approximately $150,000 was accrued as of September 30, 2018. On April 30, 2018, we acquired all of the capital stock of Socrata, a company that provides open data and data-as-a-service solutions for state local and government agencies including cloud-based data integration, visualization, analysis, and reporting solutions. The purchase price, net of cash acquired of $1.7 million, was $147.6 million paid in cash. On April 30, 2018, we also acquired all of the equity interests of Sage, a cybersecurity company offering a suite of services that supports an entire cybersecurity lifecycle, including program development, education and training, technical testing, advisory services, and digital forensics. The total purchase price was $11.6 million paid in cash. Approximately ~~$8.9~~$23.5 million was invested in property and equipment including ~~$891,000~~$1.8 million for real estate construction costs. The remaining additions were for computer equipment, ~~and~~ furniture and fixtures in support of internal growth, particularly with respect to data centers supporting growth in our cloud-based offerings.

Financing activities provided cash of ~~$76.1~~$51.8 million in the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, and were comprised of purchases of treasury shares, ~~net borrowings from our revolving line of credit,~~ proceeds from stock option exercises and employee stock purchase plan activity. During the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, we repurchased approximately 72,000 shares of our common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $14.3 million, with an average price per share of $199.03.

Financing activities provided cash of ~~$21.1~~$76.5 million in the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2018, and were comprised of proceeds from stock option exercises and employee stock purchase plan activity. We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock during the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2018.

In February 2019, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of an additional 1.5 million shares of Tyler common stock. The repurchase program, which was approved by our board of directors, was originally announced in October 2002 and was amended at various times from 2003 through 2019. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, we had authorization from our board of directors to repurchase up to 2.6 million additional shares of Tyler common stock. Our share repurchase program allows us to repurchase shares at our discretion. Market conditions influence the timing of the buybacks and the number of shares repurchased, as well as the volume of employee stock option exercises. Share repurchases are generally funded using our existing cash balances and borrowings under our credit facility and may occur through open market purchases and transactions structured through investment banking institutions, privately negotiated transactions and/or other mechanisms. There is no expiration date specified for the authorization, and we intend to repurchase stock under the plan from time to time.

We made tax payments of ~~$88,000~~$18.1 million and ~~$218,000~~$6.8 million in the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

On September 30, 2019, we entered into a $400 million credit agreement with various lender parties and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides for a revolving credit line up to $400 million, including a $25 million sublimit for letters of credit. The Credit Agreement matures on September 30, 2024.

We anticipate that 2019 capital spending will be between ~~$48~~$45 million and ~~$50~~$47 million, including approximately ~~$22~~$20 million related to real estate and approximately $6 million of capitalized software development. We expect the majority of the other capital spending will consist of computer equipment and software for infrastructure replacements and expansion. Capital spending is expected to be funded from existing cash balances and cash flows from operations.

From time to time we engage in discussions with potential acquisition candidates. In order to pursue such opportunities, which could require significant commitments of capital, we may be required to incur debt or to issue additional potentially dilutive securities in the future. No assurance can be given as to our future acquisition opportunities and how such opportunities will be financed.

We lease office facilities, as well as transportation and other equipment used in our operations under non-cancelable operating lease agreements expiring at various dates through ~~2026.~~2027.

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk represents the risk of loss that may affect us due to adverse changes in financial market prices and interest rates.

As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, we had no outstanding borrowings ~~of $85.0 million at interest rates of approximately 3.80%~~ under ~~a 30-day LIBOR contract. As of March 31, 2019,~~our Credit Agreement and available borrowing capacity under the Credit ~~Facility~~Agreement was ~~$215.0~~$400.0 million.

~~Loans~~Borrowings under the Credit ~~Facility~~Agreement bear interest at ~~Tyler’s option, at~~ a ~~per annum~~ rate of either (1) ~~the~~ Wells Fargo ~~Bank~~Bank’s prime rate (subject to certain higher rate determinations) plus a margin of ~~0.25%~~0.125% to ~~1.00%~~0.75% or (2) the ~~30, 60, 90~~one-, two-, three-, or ~~180-day~~six-month LIBOR rate plus a margin of ~~1.25%~~1.125% to ~~2.00%~~1.75%.

During the ~~three~~nine months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, our effective average interest rate for borrowings was ~~3.78%~~3.83%. As of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, our interest rate was ~~5.75%~~5.25% under the Wells Fargo Bank prime ~~rate. The Credit Facility is secured by substantially all of our assets.~~

rate and approximately 3.14% under the 30-day LIBOR option.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act) designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time period specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. These include controls and procedures designed to ensure that this information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

Other than routine litigation incidental to our business, there are no material legal proceedings pending to which we are party or to which any of our properties are subject.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, one should carefully consider the discussion of various risks and uncertainties contained in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. We believe those risk factors are the most relevant to our business and could cause our results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements made by us. Please note, however, that those are not the only risk factors facing us. Additional risks that we do not consider material, or of which we are not currently aware, may also have an adverse impact on us. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed if any of these risks or uncertainties actually occurs or materializes. In that event, the market price for our common stock could decline, and our shareholders may lose all or part of their investment. During the three months ended ~~March 31,~~September 30, 2019, there were no material changes in the information regarding risk factors contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None

ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

ITEM 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

None

ITEM 5. Other Information

None

ITEM 6. Exhibits



Exhibit 31.1		Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Exhibit 31.2		Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Exhibit 32.1		Certifications Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Exhibit 10.1		Agreement and plan of merger by and among Tyler Technologies, Inc., TMP Subsidiary Inc., MP Holdings Parent, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 10.7 to our Form 10-K dated Feb 20, 2019 and incorporated by reference herein).

Exhibit 10.2		Credit Agreement dated September 30, 2019, among Tyler Technologies, Inc. and Wells Fargo Bank, N. A. as Administrative Agent and other lenders party hereto (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K dated October 2, 2019 and incorporated by reference herein).

Exhibit 101		Instance Document

Exhibit 101		Schema Document

Exhibit 101		Calculation Linkbase Document

Exhibit 101		Labels Linkbase Document

Exhibit 101		Definition Linkbase Document

Exhibit 101		Presentation Linkbase Document

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



	TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
By:	/s/ Brian K. Miller
	Brian K. Miller
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	(principal financial officer and an authorized signatory)

Date: ~~May 8,~~October 30, 2019

3034



	January 1, 2019
ROU Operating assets	$	15,633
Short-term lease liability	(4,344		)
Long-term lease liability	(12,405		)
Retained earnings	$	(1,116	)