UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q



☒			QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the quarterly period ended ~~September 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020



☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

Commission File Number 1-10485

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, ~~INC~~.INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



~~Delaware~~		~~75-2303920~~
~~(State or other jurisdiction of~~ ~~incorporation or organization)~~		~~(I.R.S. employer~~ ~~identification no.)~~



Delaware						75-2303920
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. employer identification no.)


5101 TENNYSON PARKWAY	PLANO	Texas	75024
(Address of principal executive offices)	(City)	(State)	(Zip code)

(~~972~~) (972) 713-3700

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)



Title of each class	Trading symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
COMMON STOCK, $0.01 PAR VALUE	TYL	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data file required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer,” "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of common stock of registrant outstanding on ~~October 29, 2019~~April 27, 2020 was ~~38,986,401.~~

39,761,629.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018			2019		2018				2020		2019
Revenues:											Revenues:
Software licenses and royalties	$	25,379	$	22,444		$	67,847	$	67,620		Software licenses and royalties	$	18,737	$	21,793
Subscriptions	75,272		58,699			216,022		160,736			Subscriptions	81,723		67,275
Software services	54,997		48,199			160,841		144,812			Software services	52,133		48,443
Maintenance	109,833		96,215			316,674		286,188			Maintenance	114,365		100,152
Appraisal services	6,008		5,544			17,455		16,470			Appraisal services	5,763		5,214
Hardware and other	3,911		4,966			18,751		17,475			Hardware and other	3,820		4,189
Total revenues	275,400		236,067			797,590		693,301			Total revenues	276,541		247,066

Cost of revenues:											Cost of revenues:
Software licenses and royalties	971		957			2,680		2,939			Software licenses and royalties	740		818
Acquired software	7,975		5,897			22,645		17,003			Acquired software	8,027		6,682
Software services, maintenance and subscriptions	128,545		111,508			371,464		327,080			Software services, maintenance and subscriptions	131,779		117,160
Appraisal services	4,096		3,505			11,306		10,854			Appraisal services	4,385		3,452
Hardware and other	3,096		2,574			14,870		11,718			Hardware and other	2,479		2,906
Total cost of revenues	144,683		124,441			422,965		369,594			Total cost of revenues	147,410		131,018

Gross profit	130,717		111,626			374,625		323,707			Gross profit	129,131		116,048

Selling, general and administrative expenses	63,888		52,605			187,481		152,471			Selling, general and administrative expenses	67,485		57,766
Research and development expense	21,130		17,050			60,172		45,929			Research and development expense	22,361		18,941
Amortization of other intangibles	5,646		4,386			15,762		11,742			Amortization of other intangibles	5,392		4,850

Operating income	40,053		37,585			111,210		113,565			Operating income	33,893		34,491

Other income, net	499		1,041			838		2,198			Other income, net	990		586
Income before income taxes	40,552		38,626			112,048		115,763			Income before income taxes	34,883		35,077
Income tax provision (benefit)	162		(298		)	12,311		(147		)
Income tax (benefit) provision											Income tax (benefit) provision	(12,667)		7,729
Net income	$	40,390	$	38,924		$	99,737	$	115,910		Net income	$	47,550	$	27,348

Earnings per common share:											Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	1.04	$	1.00		$	2.58	$	3.01		Basic	$	1.20	$	0.71
Diluted	$	1.00	$	0.96		$	2.49	$	2.87		Diluted	$	1.16	$	0.69

See accompanying notes.

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except par value and share amounts)


	September 30, 2019 (unaudited)			December 31, 2018				March 31, 2020 (unaudited)		December 31, 2019
ASSETS							ASSETS
Current assets:							Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	161,438		$	134,279		Cash and cash equivalents	$	301,985	$	232,682
Accounts receivable (less allowance for doubtful accounts of $4,302 in 2019 and $4,647 in 2018)	347,982			298,912
Accounts receivable (less allowance for losses and sales adjustments of $6,470 in 2020 and $5,738 in 2019)							Accounts receivable (less allowance for losses and sales adjustments of $6,470 in 2020 and $5,738 in 2019)	318,144		374,089
Short-term investments	32,931			44,306			Short-term investments	38,250		39,399
Prepaid expenses	24,544			33,258			Prepaid expenses	33,964		24,717
Income tax receivable	4			4,697			Income tax receivable	16,657		6,482
Other current assets	2,907			3,406			Other current assets	3,220		2,328
Total current assets	569,806			518,858			Total current assets	712,220		679,697

Accounts receivable, long-term	20,437			16,020			Accounts receivable, long-term	21,394		22,432
Operating lease right-of-use assets	20,172			—			Operating lease right-of-use assets	17,992		18,992
Property and equipment, net	169,950			155,177			Property and equipment, net	175,460		171,861
Other assets:							Other assets:
Goodwill	826,040			753,718			Goodwill	840,028		840,117
Other intangibles, net	377,580			276,852			Other intangibles, net	366,506		378,914
Non-current investments and other assets	71,104			70,338			Non-current investments and other assets	85,776		79,601
Total assets	$	2,055,089		$	1,790,963		Total assets	$	2,219,376	$	2,191,614

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY							LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:							Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	9,060		$	6,910		Accounts payable	$	12,958	$	14,977
Accrued liabilities	69,781			66,480			Accrued liabilities	59,765		75,234
Operating lease liabilities	6,413			—			Operating lease liabilities	6,373		6,387
Current income tax payable	—			—			Current income tax payable	—		—
Deferred revenue	391,560			350,512			Deferred revenue	365,959		412,495

Total current liabilities	476,814			423,902			Total current liabilities	445,055		509,093

Revolving line of credit	—			—			Revolving line of credit	—		—
Deferred revenue, long-term	241			424			Deferred revenue, long-term	167		199
Deferred income taxes	40,303			41,791			Deferred income taxes	45,774		48,442
Operating lease liabilities, long-term	18,134			—			Operating lease liabilities, long-term	15,548		16,822

Commitments and contingencies	—			—			Commitments and contingencies	—		—

Shareholders' equity:							Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $10.00 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued	—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 48,147,969 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018	481			481
Preferred stock, $10.00 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; NaN issued							Preferred stock, $10.00 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; NaN issued	—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 48,147,969 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019							Common stock, $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 48,147,969 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019	481		481
Additional paid-in capital	692,586			731,435			Additional paid-in capital	798,089		739,478
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(46		)	(46		)	Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(46)		(46)
Retained earnings	870,546			771,925			Retained earnings	964,886		917,336
Treasury stock, at cost; 9,172,316 and 9,872,505 shares in 2019 and 2018, respectively	(43,970		)	(178,949		)
Treasury stock, at cost; 8,397,086 and 8,839,352 shares in 2020 and 2019, respectively							Treasury stock, at cost; 8,397,086 and 8,839,352 shares in 2020 and 2019, respectively	(50,578)		(40,191)
Total shareholders' equity	1,519,597			1,324,846			Total shareholders' equity	1,712,832		1,617,058
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	2,055,089		$	1,790,963		Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	2,219,376	$	2,191,614

See accompanying notes.

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,							Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018				2020		2019
Cash flows from operating activities:							Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	99,737		$	115,910		Net income	$	47,550	$	27,348
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:							Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	56,547			45,627			Depreciation and amortization	19,985		17,308
Share-based compensation expense	44,369			37,966			Share-based compensation expense	17,302		14,416
Operating lease right-of-use assets - non cash	3,979			—

Operating lease right-of-use assets expense							Operating lease right-of-use assets expense	1,457		1,165
Deferred income tax benefit	(10,329		)	(5,034		)	Deferred income tax benefit	(2,668)		(4,785)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, exclusive of effects of acquired companies:							Changes in operating assets and liabilities, exclusive of effects of acquired companies:
Accounts receivable	(35,544		)	(31,393		)	Accounts receivable	56,982		9,622
Income taxes	4,553			(1,942		)
Income tax receivable							Income tax receivable	(10,175)		12,425
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(7,630		)	983			Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(11,186)		(3,862)
Accounts payable	1,548			(4,729		)	Accounts payable	(2,020)		(1,501)
Operating lease liabilities	(4,530		)	—			Operating lease liabilities	(1,743)		(1,272)
Accrued liabilities	(1,379		)	1,523			Accrued liabilities	(12,210)		(3,760)
Deferred revenue	27,206			20,442			Deferred revenue	(46,568)		(43,147)
Net cash provided by operating activities	178,527			179,353			Net cash provided by operating activities	56,706		23,957

Cash flows from investing activities:							Cash flows from investing activities:
Additions to property and equipment	(28,833		)	(23,460		)	Additions to property and equipment	(9,349)		(12,320)
Purchase of marketable security investments	(27,322		)	(92,638		)	Purchase of marketable security investments	(27,271)		(3,590)
Proceeds from marketable security investments	56,854			60,208			Proceeds from marketable security investments	18,237		20,276
Purchase of investment in common shares							Purchase of investment in common shares	(10,000)		—
Proceeds from the sale of investment in preferred shares							Proceeds from the sale of investment in preferred shares	15,000		—
Investment in software	(3,540		)	—			Investment in software	(1,315)		(690)
Cost of acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(199,870		)	(167,308		)	Cost of acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(261)		(199,130)
(Increase) decrease in other	(493		)	857			(Increase) decrease in other	(48)		564
Net cash used by investing activities	(203,204		)	(222,341		)	Net cash used by investing activities	(15,007)		(194,890)

Cash flows from financing activities:							Cash flows from financing activities:
Increase in net borrowings on revolving line of credit							Increase in net borrowings on revolving line of credit	—		85,000
Purchase of treasury shares	(17,786		)	—			Purchase of treasury shares	(15,482)		(17,786)
Payment of contingent consideration							Payment of contingent consideration	(5,619)		—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	62,295			70,536			Proceeds from exercise of stock options	46,236		6,528
Contributions from employee stock purchase plan	7,327			5,978			Contributions from employee stock purchase plan	2,469		2,349
Net cash provided by financing activities	51,836			76,514			Net cash provided by financing activities	27,604		76,091

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	27,159			33,526
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents							Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	69,303		(94,842)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	134,279			185,926			Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	232,682		134,279
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	161,438		$	219,452		Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	301,985	$	39,437

See accompanying notes.

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Common Stock					Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Retained Earnings	Treasury Stock						Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount											Shares			Amount
Balance at December 31, 2019	48,148	$	481	$	739,478	$	(46)	$	917,336	(8,839)	$	(40,191)		$	1,617,058
Net income	—	—		—		—		47,550		—	—			47,550
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units	—	—		38,942		—		—		498	7,294			46,236
Employee taxes paid for withheld shares upon equity award settlement	—	—		—		—		—		(7)	(2,301)			(2,301)
Stock compensation	—	—		17,302		—		—		—	—			17,302
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan	—	—		2,367		—		—		10	102			2,469
Treasury stock purchases	—	—		—		—		—		(59)	(15,482)			(15,482)
Balance at March 31, 2020	48,148	$	481	$	798,089	$	(46)	$	964,886	(8,397)	$	(50,578)		$	1,712,832

Common Stock
Additional
Paid-in
Capital

Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

Retained
Earnings
Treasury Stock
Total
Shareholders'
Equity
Shares Amount Shares Amount
Balance at June 30, 2019 48,148
$ 481
$ 715,920
$ (46 ) $ 830,156
(9,582 ) $ (124,881 ) $ 1,421,630
Net income —
—
—
—
40,390
—
—
40,390
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units

—
—
(38,160 ) —
—
396
78,323
40,163
Employee taxes paid for withheld shares upon equity award settlement —
—
—
—
—
(1 ) (191 ) (191 )
Stock compensation —
—
14,887
—
—
—
—
14,887
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan —
—
(61 ) —
—
15
2,779
2,718
Treasury stock purchases —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Balance at September 30, 2019 48,148
$ 481
$ 692,586
$ (46 ) $ 870,546
(9,172 ) $ (43,970 ) $ 1,519,597


	Common Stock					Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Retained Earnings	Treasury Stock						Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount											Shares			Amount
Balance at December 31, 2018	48,148	$	481	$	731,435	$	(46)	$	771,925	(9,872)	$	(178,949)		$	1,324,846
Retained earnings adjustment-adoption of Topic 842 Leases, net of taxes	—	—		—		—		(1,116)		—	—			(1,116)
Net income	—	—		—		—		27,348		—	—			27,348
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units	—	—		(14,405)		—		—		111	20,933			6,528
Employee taxes paid for withheld shares for taxes upon equity award	—	—		—		—		—		(7)	(1,337)			(1,337)
Stock compensation	—	—		14,416		—		—		—	—			14,416
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan	—	—		(373)		—		—		15	2,722			2,349
Treasury stock purchases	—	—		—		—		—		(72)	(14,289)			(14,289)
Balance at March 31, 2019	48,148	$	481	$	731,073	$	(46)	$	798,157	(9,825)	$	(170,920)		$	1,358,745

Common Stock
Additional
Paid-in
Capital

Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

Retained
Earnings
Treasury Stock
Total
Shareholders'
Equity
Shares Amount Shares Amount
Balance at June 30, 2018 48,148
$ 481
$ 686,782
$ (46 ) $ 701,449
(9,517 ) $ (48,377 ) $ 1,340,289
Net income —
—
—
—
38,924
—
—
38,924
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units —
—
21,645
—
—
326
4,574
26,219
Stock compensation —
—
14,476
—
—
—
—
14,476
Issuance of shares pursuant to
employee stock purchase plan
—
—
2,032
—
—
12
186
2,218
Treasury stock purchases —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Balance at September 30, 2018 48,148
$ 481
$ 724,935
$ (46 ) $ 740,373
(9,179 ) $ (43,617 ) $ 1,422,126

~~See accompanying notes.~~

~~TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.~~

~~CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY~~

~~(In thousands)~~

~~(Unaudited)~~

Common Stock
Additional
Paid-in
Capital

Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

Retained
Earnings
Treasury Stock
Total
Shareholders'
Equity
Shares Amount Shares Amount
Balance at December 31, 2018 48,148
$ 481
$ 731,435
$ (46 ) $ 771,925
(9,872 ) $ (178,949 ) $ 1,324,846
Retained earnings adjustment-adoption of Topic 842 Leases, net of taxes —
—
—
—
(1,116 ) —
—
(1,116 )
Net income —
—
—
—
99,737
—
—
99,737
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units —
—
(82,449 ) —
—
746
144,744
62,295
Employee taxes paid for withheld shares for taxes upon equity award —
—
—
—
—
(17 ) (3,572 ) (3,572 )
Stock compensation —
—
44,369
—
—
—
—
44,369
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan —
—
(769 ) —
—
43
8,096
7,327
Treasury stock purchases —
—
—
—
—
(72 ) (14,289 ) (14,289 )
Balance at September 30, 2019 48,148
$ 481
$ 692,586
$ (46 ) $ 870,546
(9,172 ) $ (43,970 ) $ 1,519,597

Common Stock
Additional
Paid-in
Capital

Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

Retained
Earnings
Treasury Stock
Total
Shareholders'
Equity
Shares Amount Shares Amount
Balance at December 31, 2017 48,148
$ 481
$ 626,867
$ (46 ) $ 624,463
(10,262 ) $ (60,029 ) $ 1,191,736
Net income —
—
—
—
115,910
—
—
115,910
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units

—
—
54,666
—
—
1,048
15,870
70,536
Stock compensation —
—
37,966
—
—
—
—
37,966
Issuance of shares pursuant to employee stock purchase plan —
—
5,436
—
—
35
542
5,978
Treasury stock purchases —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Balance at September 30, 2018 48,148
$ 481
$ 724,935
$ (46 ) $ 740,373
(9,179 ) $ (43,617 ) $ 1,422,126

~~See accompanying notes.~~

Tyler Technologies, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(Tables in thousands, except per share data)

(1) Basis of Presentation

We prepared the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements following the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by GAAP can be condensed or omitted for interim periods. Balance sheet amounts are as of ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, and operating result amounts are for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2020, and 2019, ~~and 2018,~~ respectively, and include all normal and recurring adjustments that we considered necessary for the fair summarized presentation of our financial position and operating results. As these are condensed financial statements, one should also read the financial statements and notes included in our latest Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. Revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities can vary during each quarter of the year. Therefore, the results and trends in these interim financial statements may not be the same as those for the full year. Certain amounts for the previous year have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions, and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources and includes all components of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). We had no items of other comprehensive income (loss) for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, and ~~2018.~~2019.

(2) Accounting Standards and Significant Accounting Policies

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Except for the accounting policies for ~~leases recognition that were adjusted as a result of adopting~~ ASU ~~No. 2016-02,~~2016-13, ~~Leases ("~~Financial Instruments - Credit Losses,~~Topic 842~~ (“ASU 2016-13”"), there have been no changes to our significant accounting policies described in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, filed with the SEC on February ~~20, 2019,~~19, 2020, that have had a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID -19 a pandemic, which continues to spread throughout the U.S. and the world and has resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to contain the virus, including travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, and business limitations and shutdowns. While we are unable to accurately predict the full impact that COVID-19 will have on our results from operations, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows due to numerous uncertainties, including the duration and severity of the pandemic and containment measures and associated compliance, we do expect the current environment will negatively impact our revenues and other financial results for fiscal 2020. However, for the first quarter of 2020, we did not experience a material negative impact on our financial results associated with the pandemic.

Because an increasing portion of our revenues are recurring, the effect of COVID-19 on our results of operations may also not be fully reflected for some time. We expect to see some impact on our business in the near term, with possible delays in government procurement processes and delays in implementations caused by travel restrictions, closed offices, or clients shifting focus to more pressing issues. We are working to address those challenges through adapting the way we do business – encouraging web and video conferencing, conducting sales demonstrations and delivering professional services remotely.

Our priorities during this crisis are protecting the health and safety of our employees and our clients. Our IT systems and applications support a remote workforce. Prior to the pandemic, many of our employees worked remotely. In response to the pandemic, we encouraged all employees who are able to do so to work from home, equipping them with resources necessary to continue uninterrupted. We were able to transition the vast majority of our employees to this work-from-home posture. This reduces the number of team members in our offices to those uniquely needed for essential on-site services, such as network operations support staff, and allows for “social distancing” as directed by the Centers for Disease Control ("CDC").

The pandemic has delayed some government procurement processes and is expected to impact our ability to complete certain implementations, negatively impacting our revenue. It could also negatively impact the timing of client payments to us.We continue to monitor these trends in order to respond to the ever-changing impact of COVID-19 on our clients and Tyler’s operations.

USE OF ESTIMATES

The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include revenue recognition, determining the nature and timing of satisfaction of performance obligations, determining the standalone selling price ("SSP") of performance obligations, variable consideration, and other obligations such as returns and refunds; loss contingencies; the estimated useful life of deferred commissions; the carrying amount and estimated useful lives of intangible assets; the carrying amount of operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities; determining share-based compensation expense; the valuation allowance for receivables; and determining the potential outcome of future tax consequences of events that have been recognized on our consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Actual results could differ from estimates.

REVENUE RECOGNITION

Nature of Products and Services:

We earn revenue from software licenses, royalties, subscription-based services, software services, post-contract customer support (“PCS” or “maintenance”), hardware, and appraisal services. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. We determine revenue recognition through the following steps:

•Identification of the contract, or contracts with a customer

•Identification of the performance obligations in the contract

•Determination of the transaction price

•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

•Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation

Most of our software arrangements with customers contain multiple performance obligations that range from software licenses, installation, training, and consulting to software modification and customization to meet specific customer needs (services), hosting, and PCS. For these contracts, we account for individual performance obligations separately when they are distinct. We evaluate whether separate performance obligations can be distinct or should be accounted for as one performance obligation. Arrangements that include software services, such as training or installation, are evaluated to determine whether the customer can benefit from the services either on their own or together with other resources readily available to the customer and whether the services are separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. The transaction price is allocated to the distinct performance obligations on a relative SSP basis. We determine the SSP based on our overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration market conditions and other factors, including the value of our contracts, the applications sold, customer demographics, and the number and types of users within our contracts. Revenue is recognized net of allowances for sales adjustments and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

Significant Judgments:

Our contracts with customers often include multiple performance obligations to a customer. When a software arrangement (license or subscription) includes both software licenses and software services, judgment is required to determine whether the software license is considered distinct and accounted for separately, or not distinct and accounted for together with the software services and recognized over time.

The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative SSP basis. We determine the SSP based on our overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration market conditions and other factors, including the value of our contracts, the applications sold, customer demographics, and the number and types of users within our contracts. We use a range of amounts to estimate SSP when we sell each of the products and services separately and need to determine whether there is a discount to be allocated based on the relative SSP of the various products and services. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as when we do not sell the product or service separately, we determine SSP using the expected cost-plus margin approach.

For arrangements that involve significant production, modification or customization of the software, or where software services otherwise cannot be considered distinct, we recognize revenue as control is transferred to the customer over time using progress-to-completion methods. Depending on the contract, we measure progress-to-completion primarily using labor hours incurred, or value added. The progress-to-completion method generally results in the recognition of reasonably consistent profit margins over the life of a contract because we can provide reasonably dependable estimates of contract billings and contract costs. We use the level of profit margin that is most likely to occur on a contract. If the most likely profit margin cannot be precisely determined, the lowest probable level of profit margin in the range of estimates is used until the results can be estimated more precisely. These arrangements are often implemented over an extended time period and occasionally require us to revise total cost estimates. Amounts recognized in revenue are calculated using the progress-to-completion measurement after giving effect to any changes in our cost estimates. Changes to total estimated contract costs, if any, are recorded in the period they are determined. Estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are recorded in the period in which we first determine that a loss is apparent.

Typically, the structure of our arrangements does not give rise to variable consideration. However, in those instances whereby variable consideration exists, we include in our estimates additional revenue for variable consideration when we believe we have an enforceable right, the amount can be estimated reliably and its realization is probable.

Refer to Note 13 - ~~Disaggregation~~"Disaggregation of ~~Revenue~~Revenue" for further information, including the economic factors that affect the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows of our various revenue categories.

Contract Balances:

Accounts receivable and allowance for ~~doubtful accounts~~losses and sales adjustments

Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. We record an unbilled receivable when revenue is recognized prior to invoicing, or deferred revenue when revenue is recognized subsequent to invoicing. For multi-year agreements, we generally invoice customers annually at the beginning of each annual coverage period. We record an unbilled receivable related to revenue recognized for on-premises licenses as we have an unconditional right to invoice and receive payment in the future related to those licenses.

At ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, total current and long-term accounts receivable, net of allowance for ~~doubtful accounts,~~losses and sales adjustments, was ~~$368.4~~$339.5 million and ~~$314.9~~$396.5 million, respectively. We have recorded unbilled receivables of ~~$126.5~~$134.5 million and ~~$104.2~~$134.0 million at ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. Included in unbilled receivables are retention receivables of ~~$12.9~~$12.5 million and ~~$12.2~~$13.1 million at ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, which become payable upon the completion of the contract or completion of our fieldwork and formal hearings. Unbilled receivables expected to be collected within one year have been included with accounts receivable, current portion in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Unbilled receivables and retention receivables expected to be collected past one year have been included with accounts receivable, long-term portion in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

We maintain allowances for ~~doubtful accounts,~~losses and sales adjustments, which losses are ~~provided~~recorded against revenue at the time of the ~~revenue~~loss is ~~recognized.~~incurred. Since most of our ~~customers~~clients are domestic governmental entities, we rarely incur a loss resulting from the inability of a ~~customer~~client to make required payments. Events or changes in circumstances that indicate the carrying amount for the allowances for ~~doubtful accounts~~losses and sales adjustments may require revision, include, but are not limited to, ~~deterioration of a customer’s financial condition, failure to manage~~managing our ~~customer’s~~client’s expectations regarding the scope of the services to be delivered and defects or errors in new versions or enhancements of our software products.

~~The following table summarizes the changes in the~~ Our allowance for ~~doubtful accounts (in thousands):~~

Nine months ended September 30, 2019
Balance, beginning of period December 31, 2018 $ 4,647
Provisions for losses - accounts receivable 2,908
Collection of accounts previously written off —
Deductions for accounts charged off or credits issued (3,253 )
Balance, end of period $ 4,302

~~LEASES~~

~~We determine if an arrangement is a lease~~losses and sales adjustments of $6.5 million at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, other current liabilities, and operating lease liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. We currently doMarch 31, 2020, does not ~~have any finance lease arrangements.~~

~~Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date.~~include provisions for credit losses. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date of the lease in determining the present value of future payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are generally accounted as a single lease component.

~~RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS~~

~~Leases.~~ ~~We adopted Topic 842 using the transition method that allows us to initially apply the guidance at the adoption date~~ of January 1, ~~2019,~~ 2020, we adopted ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses and ~~recognized~~primarily evaluated our historical experience with credit losses related to trade and other receivables. Because we have not experienced any historical credit losses with the majority of our clients, we have no basis to record a ~~cumulative-effect adjustment to~~reserve for credit losses as defined by the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. We used the package of practical expedients that allows us to not reassess: (1) lease classification for any expired or existing leases and (2) initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases. We did not elect to use the hindsight application for evaluating the life of the lease arrangement. The impact of adoption is reflected in the financial information herein. For additional details, see Note 10 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.standard.

The impact of Topic 842 on our consolidated balance sheet beginning January 1, 2019, included the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases, while our accounting for finance leases remained substantially unchanged. We had no finance leases prior to the adoption of Topic 842 and currently do not have any.

~~Amounts recognized at January 1, 2019, for operating leases were as follow (in thousands):~~

Operating lease right-of-use assets $ 15,633
Operating lease liabilities (4,344 )
Operating lease liabilities, long-term (12,405 )
Retained earnings $ (1,116 )

~~No impact was recorded to the statement of income for the adoption of Topic 842.~~

RECENTLY ~~ISSUED~~ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments, including trade and other receivables, available for-sale debt securities, held-to-maturity debt securities and loans, and requires entities to use a new forward-looking expected loss model that will result in the earlier recognition of an allowance for losses. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for a fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Entities ~~will~~ apply the standard’s provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is adopted. ~~We will adopt~~As of January 1, 2020, we adopted the new standard with no material impact of credit losses to our trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities and retained earnings included in ~~the first quarter of 2020 and are currently assessing its potential impact on~~ our condensed consolidated financial ~~statements~~statements.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Accounting for Income Taxes

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, ("ASU 2019-12") which simplifies the accounting for income taxes, eliminates certain exceptions within ASC 740, Income Taxes, and ~~results~~clarifies certain aspects of ~~operations.~~the current guidance to promote consistency among reporting entities. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Most amendments within the standard are required to be applied on a prospective basis, while certain amendments must be applied on a retrospective or modified retrospective basis. The Company does not expect adoption of this standard to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

(3) Acquisitions

On February 28, 2019, we acquired all of the capital stock of MP Holdings Parent, Inc. dba MicroPact ("MicroPact"), a leading provider of commercial off-the-shelf ~~(COTS)~~ solutions, including entellitrak®, a low-code application development platform for case management and business process management used extensively in the public sector. The total purchase price, net of cash acquired of $2.0 million, was approximately $203.7 million consisting of $198.2 million paid in cash, accrued contingent consideration of $6.6 million contingent upon the achievement of certain financial performance objectives, and $1.0 million accrued for certain holdbacks, subject to certain post-closing adjustments.

We have performed a preliminary valuation analysis of the fair market value of MicroPact’s assets and liabilities. The following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of the purchase price as of the acquisition date:

(In thousands)
Cash $ 1,983
Accounts receivable 12,247
Other current assets 8,979
Other noncurrent assets 10,417
Identifiable intangible assets 131,443
Goodwill 73,193
Accounts payable (602 )
Accrued expenses (2,542 )
Other noncurrent liabilities (8,879 )
Deferred revenue (11,312 )
Deferred tax liabilities, net (9,209 )
Total consideration $ 205,718

In connection with this transaction, we acquired total tangible assets of $33.6 million and assumed liabilities of approximately $23.3 million. We recorded goodwill of $73.2 million, none of which is expected to be deductible for tax purposes, and other identifiable intangible assets of approximately $131.4 million. The $131.4 million of intangible assets are attributable to customer relationships, acquired software, trade name and favorable fair value of an operating lease and will be amortized over a weighted average period of approximately 11 years. We recorded deferred tax liabilities of $9.2 million related to estimated fair value allocations.

The acquisition of MicroPact augments our product solutions, positions us in new practice areas such as health and human services, and presents opportunities to expand our business across new and complementary markets. We intend to expand our total addressable market through MicroPact's strong presence in the federal market. Therefore, the goodwill of $73.2 million arising from this acquisition is primarily attributed to our ability to generate increased revenues, earnings and cash flow by expanding our addressable market and client base. In the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, we recorded adjustments to the preliminary opening balance sheet attributed to changes in accounts receivable, deferred revenue, customer relationships, contingent consideration and related deferred taxes resulting in a net decrease to goodwill of approximately $8.8 million.

The following unaudited pro forma consolidated operating results information has been prepared as if the MicroPact acquisition had occurred at January 1, 2018, after giving effect to certain adjustments, including amortization of intangibles, interest, transaction costs and tax effects.

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2019 2018 2019 2018
Revenues $ 275,400
$ 257,236
$ 809,389
$ 750,240
Net income 40,390
40,907
99,449
115,181
Basic earnings per share 1.04
1.06
2.58
2.99
Diluted earnings per share $ 1.00
$ 1.01
$ 2.49
$ 2.85

The pro forma information above does not include acquisitions that are not considered material to our results of operations. The pro forma information does not purport to represent what our results of operations actually would have been had such transaction occurred on the date specified or to project our results of operations for any future period.

~~On February 1, 2019, we acquired all the assets of Civic, LLC ("MyCivic"), a company that provides software solutions to connect communities. The total purchase price was $3.7~~paid $5.6 million in ~~cash.~~

contingent consideration. As of September 30, 2019, the purchase price allocations for MicroPact and MyCivic are not yet complete. The preliminary estimates of fair value assumed at the acquisition date for intangible assets, deferred revenue, accruedMarch 31, 2020, we have no contingent consideration accrued ~~holdbacks and related deferred taxes are subject~~as it relates to ~~change as valuations are finalized. The operating results of MicroPact and MyCivic are included~~acquisitions completed in the operating results of the Enterprise Software segment since their respective dates of acquisition. Revenues from MicroPact included in Tyler's results of operations were approximately $16.4 million and $36.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and net loss was $2.0 million and $5.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Revenues and operating results from MyCivic included in 2019 results were not significant. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we incurred fees of approximately $0.9 million for financial advisory, legal, accounting, due diligence, valuation and other various services necessary to complete these acquisitions. These fees were expensed in 2019 and are included in Selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statement of income.prior periods.

Our balance sheet as of September 30, 2019, reflects the allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired based on their fair value at the date of each acquisition. The fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired are based on valuations using Level III, unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

(4) Shareholders’ Equity

The following table details activity in our common ~~stock (in thousands):~~stock:

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2019 2018 2019 2018
Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount
Purchases of treasury shares —
$ —
—
$ —
(72 ) $ (14,289 ) —
$ —
Stock option exercises 395
40,163
326
26,219
691
62,295
1,048
70,536
Employee stock plan purchases 15
2,718
12
2,218
43
7,327
35
5,978
Restricted stock units vested, net of withheld shares upon award settlement 1
$ (191 ) —
$ —
38
$ (3,572 ) —
$ —


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020				2019
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Purchases of treasury shares	(59)	$	(15,482)	(72)	$	(14,289)
Stock option exercises	481	46,236		94	6,564
Employee stock plan purchases	10	2,469		15	2,349
Restricted stock units vested, net of withheld shares upon award settlement	10	$	(2,301)	10	$	(1,373)

As of ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, we ~~had~~have authorization from our board of directors to repurchase up to 2.6 million additional shares of our common stock.

(5) Deferred Commissions

Sales commissions earned by our sales force are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Sales commissions for initial contracts are deferred and then amortized commensurate with the recognition of associated revenue over a period of benefit that we have determined to be three to seven years. Deferred commissions were ~~$27.4~~$30.9 million and ~~$21.9~~$29.8 million as of ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. Amortization expense was ~~$4.4 million and $12.3~~$3.9 million for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019, respectively,~~March 31, 2020, and $3.8 ~~million and $10.9~~ million for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2018, respectively.~~March 31, 2019. There were 0 indicators of impairment in relation to the costs capitalized for the periods presented. Deferred commissions have been included with prepaid expenses for the current portion and non-current other assets for the long-term portion in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Amortization expense related to deferred commissions is included in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.

(6) Other Assets

As of ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, we have ~~$68.2~~$90.6 million in investment grade corporate and municipal bonds with maturity dates ranging ranging through ~~2022.~~2023. We intend to hold these bonds to maturity and have classified them as such. We believe cost approximates fair value because of the relatively short duration of these investments. The fair values of these securities are considered Level II as they are based on inputs from quoted prices in markets that are not active or other observable market data. These investments are presented at amortized cost are included in ~~short-term~~Short-term investments and ~~non-current~~Non-current investments and other ~~assets.~~assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2020, we have an accrued interest receivable balance of $493,000 and is included in Account receivables, net. We do not measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables. We record any losses within the maturity period of the investment and any write-offs to accrued interest receivables are recorded as a reduction to interest income in the period of the loss. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we have recorded no credit losses. Interest income and amortization of discounts and premiums are included in Other income (expense), net in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we sold our $15 million investment in convertible preferred stock representing a 20% interest in Record Holdings Pty Limited ("Record Holdings"), a privately held Australian company specializing in digitizing the spoken word in court and legal proceedings, to BFTR, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Bison Capital Partners V L.P. During the same period, we purchased $10 million in common stock representing a 18% interest in BFTR, LLC. The investment in common stock is accounted under the cost method because we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee and the securities do not have readily determinable fair values. Our investment is carried at cost less any impairment write-downs. Annually, our cost method investments are assessed for impairment. We do not reassess the fair value of cost method investments if there are no identified events or changes in circumstances that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investments. This investment is included in Non-current investments and other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(7) Revolving Line of Credit

On September 30, 2019, we entered into a $400 million credit agreement with various lender parties and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent (the “Credit ~~Agreement”~~Facility”). The Credit ~~Agreement~~Facility provides for a revolving credit line up to $400 million, including a $25 million sublimit for letters of credit. The Credit ~~Agreement~~Facility matures on September 30, 2024. The new Credit Agreement replaces Tyler’s existing $300 million secured credit facility, which was scheduled to mature in November 2020. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement may be used for general corporate purposes, including working capital requirements, acquisitions and share repurchases.

Borrowings under the Credit ~~Agreement~~Facility bear interest at a rate of either (1) Wells Fargo Bank’s prime rate (subject to certain higher rate determinations) plus a margin of 0.125% to 0.75% or (2) the one-, two-, three-, or six-month LIBOR rate plus a margin of 1.125% to 1.75%. As of ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, the interest rates were ~~5.25%~~3.38% under the Wells Fargo Bank's prime rate and approximately ~~3.14%~~2.12% under the 30-day LIBOR option. The Credit ~~Agreement~~Facility requires us to maintain certain financial ratios and other financial conditions and prohibits us from making certain investments, advances, cash dividends or loans, and limits incurrence of additional indebtedness and liens. As of ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, we were in compliance with those covenants.

As of ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, we had 0 outstanding borrowings under the Credit ~~Agreement,~~Facility, and available borrowing capacity was $400.0 million.

(8) Income Tax Provision

We had an effective income tax rate of ~~0.4% and 11.0%~~negative 36.3% for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019, respectively,~~March 31, 2020, compared to ~~negative 0.8% and negative 0.1%~~22.0% for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2018, respectively.~~March 31, 2019. The change in the effective tax rate for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, as compared to the same period in ~~2018,~~2019, was principally driven by ~~the fluctuations of~~an increase in the excess tax benefits related to stock incentive awards.

The effective income tax rates for the periods presented were different from the statutory United States federal income tax rate of 21% due to excess tax benefits related to stock incentive awards, state income taxes, non-deductible business expenses, and the tax benefit of research tax credits. The excess tax benefits related to stock incentive awards realized ~~were $11.6 million and $18.6~~was $22.1 million for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019, respectively,~~March 31, 2020, compared to ~~$9.3 million and $30.0~~$1.7 million for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2018, respectively.~~March 31, 2019. Excluding the excess tax benefits, the effective rate was ~~28.9% and 27.6%~~27.0% for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, compared to ~~23.3% and 25.8%~~26.8% for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2018, respectively.~~March 31, 2019.

We made tax payments of ~~$18.1 million~~$176,000 and ~~$6.8 million~~$88,000 in the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2020, and 2019, ~~and 2018,~~ respectively.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security ("CARES") Act, which was signed into law on March 27, 2020, provides an estimated $2.2 trillion to fight the COVID-19 pandemic and stimulate the U.S. economy. The assistance includes tax relief and government loans, and investments and grants for entities in affected industries (e.g., health care, airlines). The business tax provisions of the CARES Act include temporary changes to income and non-income based tax laws, including the ability to utilize net operating losses, interest expense deductions, alternative minimum tax credit refunds, charitable contributions, and depreciation of qualified improvement property. Measures not related to income-based taxes include (1) allowing an employer to pay its share of Social Security payroll taxes that would otherwise be due from the date of enactment through December 31, 2020, over the following two years and (2) allowing eligible employers subject to closure due to the COVID-19 pandemic to receive a 50% credit on qualified wages against their employment taxes each quarter, with any excess credits eligible for refunds.

We evaluated the CARES Act provisions and the enactment resulted in no income tax adjustments. We do not believe that the income tax implications will be significant to our overall income tax liability.

(9) Earnings Per Share

The following table details the reconciliation of basic earnings per share to diluted earnings per ~~share (in thousands):~~share:

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2019 2018 2019 2018
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Net income $ 40,390
$ 38,924
$ 99,737
$ 115,910
Denominator:

Weighted-average basic common shares outstanding 38,765
38,761
38,614
38,533
Assumed conversion of dilutive securities:

Stock awards 1,515
1,767
1,401
1,812
Denominator for diluted earnings per share
- Adjusted weighted-average shares
40,280
40,528
40,015
40,345
Earnings per common share:

Basic $ 1.04
$ 1.00
$ 2.58
$ 3.01
Diluted $ 1.00
$ 0.96
$ 2.49
$ 2.87


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Net income	$	47,550	$	27,348
Denominator:
Weighted-average basic common shares outstanding	39,500		38,308
Assumed conversion of dilutive securities:
Stock awards	1,644		1,277
Denominator for diluted earnings per share - Adjusted weighted-average shares	41,144		39,585
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	1.20	$	0.71
Diluted	$	1.16	$	0.69

For the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2020, and March 31, 2019, ~~and September 30, 2018,~~ stock awards representing the right to purchase common stock of approximately ~~443,000 and 815,000~~79,000 shares and ~~350,000 and 734,000~~1,253,000 shares, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would have had an antidilutive effect.

(10) Leases

We lease office facilities for use in our operations, as well as transportation and other equipment. Most of our leases are non-cancelable operating lease agreements and they expire from one year to eight years. Some of these leases include options to extend for up to 10 years. We had no finance leases and no related party lease agreements as of ~~September 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020. Operating lease costs were approximately $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and ~~$7.3~~$2.1 million for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019, respectively, and $1.7 million and $5.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.~~

March 31, 2019.

The components of operating lease expense were as ~~follows (in thousands):~~follows:

Lease Costs Financial Statement Classification Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2019 2019
Operating lease cost Selling, general and administrative expenses $ 1,692
$ 4,726
Short-term lease cost Selling, general and administrative expenses 545
1,707
Variable lease cost Selling, general and administrative expenses 370
901
Net lease cost $ 2,607
$ 7,334


Lease Costs	Financial Statement Classification	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2020		2019
Operating lease cost	Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	1,666	$	1,370
Short-term lease cost	Selling, general and administrative expenses	574		570
Variable lease cost	Selling, general and administrative expenses	394		163
Net lease cost		$	2,634	$	2,103

As of ~~September 30, 2019, ROU~~March 31, 2020, Right-of-use ("ROU") lease assets and lease liabilities for our operating leases were recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as ~~follows (in thousands):~~follows:

September 30, 2019
Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets $ 20,172
Liabilities:
Operating leases, short-term 6,413
Operating leases, long-term 18,134
Total lease liabilities $ 24,547


	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	17,992	$	18,992
Liabilities:
Operating leases, short-term	6,373		6,387
Operating leases, long-term	15,548		16,822
Total lease liabilities	$	21,921	$	23,209

Supplemental information related to leases was as follows:


Other Information	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Cash flows:
Cash paid amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	1,873		$	1,530

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations (non-cash):
Operating leases	$	457		$	431

Lease term and discount rate:
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	4			5
Weighted average discount rate	4.00		%	4.00		%

Other Information Nine Months Ended September 30,
2019
Cash Flows (in thousands):

Cash paid amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows from operating leases $ 5,141

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations (non-cash):
Operating leases $ 3,350

Lease Term and Discount Rate:
Weighted average remaining lease term (years) 4
Weighted average discount rate 4.00 %

As of ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, maturities of lease liabilities were as ~~follows (in thousands):~~follows:

Year ending December 31, Amount
2019 (Remaining 2019) $ 2,124
2020 7,499
2021 6,063
2022 3,821
2023 2,856
Thereafter 4,528
Total lease payments 26,891
Less: Interest (2,344 )
Present value of operating lease liabilities $ 24,547


Year ending December 31,	Amount
2020 (Remaining 2020)	$	5,845
2021	6,340
2022	4,021
2023	2,989
2024	2,545
Thereafter	2,133
Total lease payments	23,873
Less: Interest	(1,952)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	21,921

~~As of December 31, 2018, the future minimum lease commitments related to lease agreements under Topic 840, the predecessor of Topic 842, were as follows (in thousands):~~

Year ending December 31, Amount
2019 $ 5,994
2020 5,146
2021 3,976
2022 1,925
2023 1,164
Thereafter 2,132
Total $ 20,337

Rental Income from third parties

We own office buildings in Bangor, Falmouth and Yarmouth, Maine; Lubbock and Plano, Texas; Troy, Michigan; Latham, New York; and Moraine, Ohio. We lease space in some of these buildings to third-party tenants. The property we lease to others under operating leases consists primarily of specific facilities where one tenant obtains substantially all of the economic benefit from the asset and has the right to direct the use of the asset. These non-cancelable leases expire between ~~2019~~2020 and 2025, and some ~~of which~~ have options to extend the lease for up to five years. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. None of our leases allow the lessee to purchase the leased asset.

Rental income from third-party tenants for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, totaled ~~$261,000 and $815,000, respectively,~~$274,000 and for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2018~~March 31, 2019, totaled ~~$276,000 and $898,000, respectively.~~$284,000. Rental income is included in Hardware and other revenue on the condensed consolidated statements of income. Future minimum operating rental income based on contractual agreements is as ~~follows (in thousands):~~follows:

Year ending December 31, Amount

2019 (Remaining 2019) $ 331
2020 1,341
2021 1,372
2022 1,402
2023 1,432
Thereafter 2,395
Total $ 8,273


Year ending December 31,	Amount

2020 (Remaining 2020)	$	1,009
2021	1,372
2022	1,402
2023	1,432
2024	1,462
Thereafter	857
Total	$	7,534

As of ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, we had no additional significant operating or finance leases that had not yet commenced.

(11) Share-Based Compensation

The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense related to share-based awards recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of income, pursuant to ASC 718, Stock Compensation ~~(in thousands)~~:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Cost of software services, maintenance and subscriptions	$	4,252	$	3,798
Selling, general and administrative expenses	13,050		10,618
Total share-based compensation expense	$	17,302	$	14,416

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2019 2018 2019 2018
Cost of software services, maintenance and subscriptions $ 3,612
$ 3,909
$ 11,166
$ 9,640
Selling, general and administrative expenses 11,275
10,567
33,203
28,326
Total share-based compensation expense $ 14,887
$ 14,476
$ 44,369
$ 37,966

(12) Segment and Related Information

We provide integrated information management solutions and services for the public sector, with a focus on local governments.

We provide our software systems and services and appraisal services through 57 business units, which focus on the following products:

•financial management, education and planning, regulatory and maintenance software solutions;

•financial management, municipal courts, planning, regulatory and maintenance ~~and land and vital records~~ management software solutions;

•courts and justice and public safety software solutions;

•data and insights solutions;

•case management and business management solutions; and

•appraisal and tax software solutions, ~~and~~ property appraisal ~~services.~~services and land and vital records management software solutions.

In accordance with ASC 280-10, Segment Reporting, the financial management, education and planning, regulatory and maintenance software solutions unit; financial management, municipal courts, planning, regulatory and maintenance, and land and vital records management software solutions unit; courts and justice and public safety software solutions unit; ~~and~~ the data and insights solutions ~~unit~~unit; and case management and business management solutions units meet the criteria for aggregation and are presented in 1 reportable segment, the Enterprise Software (“ES”) segment. The ES segment provides public sector entities with software systems and services to meet their information technology and automation needs for mission-critical “back-office” functions such as: financial management and education, courts and justice, public safety, planning, regulatory and maintenance, ~~land and vital records management~~ and data and insights. The Appraisal and Tax (“A&T”) segment provides systems and software that automate the appraisal and assessment of real and personal property, land and vital records management as well as property appraisal outsourcing services for local governments and taxing authorities. Property appraisal outsourcing services include: the physical inspection of commercial and residential properties; data collection and processing; computer analysis for property valuation; preparation of tax rolls; community education; and arbitration between taxpayers and the assessing jurisdiction.

We evaluate performance based on several factors, of which the primary financial measure is business segment operating income. We define segment operating income for our business units as income before non-cash amortization of intangible assets associated with their acquisitions, interest expense and income taxes. Segment operating income includes intercompany transactions. The majority of intercompany transactions relate to contracts involving more than one unit and are valued based on the contractual arrangement. Segment operating income for ~~corporate~~Corporate primarily consists of compensation costs for the executive management team and certain accounting and administrative staff and share-based compensation expense for the entire company. Corporate segment operating income also includes revenues and expenses related to a company-wide user conference. Due to the shelter-in-place orders caused by the COVID pandemic, we cancelled our company-wide user conference for the current year.

As of January 1, 2020, the land and vital records management business unit, which was previously reported in the ES segment, was moved to the A&T segment. These changes were made to reflect changes in the way in which management makes operating decisions, allocates resources, and manages the growth and profitability of the Company. Prior year amounts for the ES and A&T segments have been adjusted to reflect the segment change.

For the three months ended September 30, 2019
Enterprise
Software Appraisal and Tax Corporate Totals
Revenues
Software licenses and royalties $ 23,449
$ 1,930
$ —
$ 25,379
Subscriptions 72,398
2,874
—
75,272
Software services 46,296
8,701
—
54,997
Maintenance 103,438
6,395
—
109,833
Appraisal services —
6,008
—
6,008
Hardware and other 3,925
—
(14 ) 3,911
Intercompany 4,029
—
(4,029 ) —
Total revenues $ 253,535
$ 25,908
$ (4,043 ) $ 275,400
Segment operating income $ 64,140
$ 7,577
$ (18,043 ) $ 53,674

For the three months ended September 30, 2018

Enterprise
Software
Appraisal and Tax Corporate Totals
Revenues
Software licenses and royalties $ 19,544
$ 2,900
$ —
$ 22,444
Subscriptions 56,220
2,479
—
58,699
Software services 41,640
6,559
—
48,199
Maintenance 90,072
6,143
—
96,215
Appraisal services —
5,544
—
5,544
Hardware and other 4,999
—
(33 ) 4,966
Intercompany 3,373
—
(3,373 ) —
Total revenues $ 215,848
$ 23,625
$ (3,406 ) $ 236,067
Segment operating income $ 59,334
$ 6,695
$ (18,161 ) $ 47,868

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019

Enterprise
Software
Appraisal and Tax Corporate Totals
Revenues
Software licenses and royalties $ 60,443
$ 7,404
$ —
$ 67,847
Subscriptions 207,907
8,115
—
216,022
Software services 138,404
22,437
—
160,841
Maintenance 297,933
18,741
—
316,674
Appraisal services —
17,455
—
17,455
Hardware and other 12,613
2
6,136
18,751
Intercompany 11,242
—
(11,242 ) —
Total revenues $ 728,542
$ 74,154
$ (5,106 ) $ 797,590
Segment operating income $ 182,565
$ 19,312
$ (52,260 ) $ 149,617

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018

Enterprise
Software
Appraisal and Tax Corporate Totals
Revenues
Software licenses and royalties $ 60,224
$ 7,396
$ —
$ 67,620
Subscriptions 153,541
7,195
—
160,736
Software services 126,928
17,884
—
144,812
Maintenance 267,681
18,507
—
286,188
Appraisal services —
16,470
—
16,470
Hardware and other 12,525
33
4,917
17,475
Intercompany 9,696
—
(9,696 ) —
Total revenues $ 630,595
$ 67,485
$ (4,779 ) $ 693,301
Segment operating income $ 174,365
$ 16,845
$ (48,900 ) $ 142,310


For the three months ended March 31, 2020
	Enterprise Software		Appraisal and Tax		Corporate		Totals
Revenues
Software licenses and royalties	$	15,951	$	2,786	$	—	$	18,737
Subscriptions	76,644		5,079		—		81,723
Software services	44,949		7,184		—		52,133
Maintenance	104,841		9,524		—		114,365
Appraisal services	—		5,763		—		5,763
Hardware and other	3,791		27		2		3,820
Intercompany	4,001		18		(4,019)		—
Total revenues	$	250,177	$	30,381	$	(4,017)	$	276,541
Segment operating income	$	60,472	$	6,908	$	(20,068)	$	47,312

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
Reconciliation of reportable segment operating income to the Company's consolidated totals: 2019 2018 2019 2018
Total segment operating income $ 53,674
$ 47,868
$ 149,617
$ 142,310
Amortization of acquired software (7,975 ) (5,897 ) (22,645 ) (17,003 )
Amortization of customer and trade name intangibles (5,646 ) (4,386 ) (15,762 ) (11,742 )
Other income, net 499
1,041
838
2,198
Income before income taxes $ 40,552
$ 38,626
$ 112,048
$ 115,763


For the three months ended March 31, 2019
	Enterprise Software		Appraisal and Tax		Corporate		Totals
Revenues
Software licenses and royalties	$	18,522	$	3,271	$	—	$	21,793
Subscriptions	63,255		4,020		—		67,275
Software services	40,456		7,987		—		48,443
Maintenance	91,188		8,964		—		100,152
Appraisal services	—		5,214		—		5,214
Hardware and other	4,130		62		(3)		4,189
Intercompany	3,484		69		(3,553)		—
Total revenues	$	221,035	$	29,587	$	(3,556)	$	247,066
Segment operating income	$	55,474	$	7,095	$	(16,546)	$	46,023


	Three Months Ended March 31,
Reconciliation of reportable segment operating income to the Company's consolidated totals:	2020		2019
Total segment operating income	$	47,312	$	46,023
Amortization of acquired software	(8,027)		(6,682)
Amortization of customer and trade name intangibles	(5,392)		(4,850)
Other income, net	990		586
Income before income taxes	$	34,883	$	35,077

(13) Disaggregation of Revenue

The tables below show disaggregation of revenue into categories that reflect how economic factors affect the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows.

Timing of Revenue Recognition

Timing of revenue recognition by revenue category during the period is as ~~follows (in thousands):~~follows:


For the three months ended March 31, 2020
	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Software licenses and royalties	$	16,066	$	2,671	$	18,737
Subscriptions	—		81,723		81,723
Software services	—		52,133		52,133
Maintenance	—		114,365		114,365
Appraisal services	—		5,763		5,763
Hardware and other	3,820		—		3,820
Total	$	19,886	$	256,655	$	276,541

For the three months ended September 30, 2019
Products and services transferred at a point in time Products and services transferred over time Total
Revenues
Software licenses and royalties $ 21,362
$ 4,017
$ 25,379
Subscriptions —
75,272
75,272
Software services —
54,997
54,997
Maintenance —
109,833
109,833
Appraisal services —
6,008
6,008
Hardware and other 3,911
—
3,911
Total $ 25,273
$ 250,127
$ 275,400

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019
Products and services transferred at a point in time Products and services transferred over time Total
Revenues
Software licenses and royalties $ 54,074
$ 13,773
$ 67,847
Subscriptions —
216,022
216,022
Software services —
160,841
160,841
Maintenance —
316,674
316,674
Appraisal services —
17,455
17,455
Hardware and other 18,751
—
18,751
Total $ 72,825
$ 724,765
$ 797,590

For the three months ended September 30, 2018
Products and services transferred at a point in time Products and services transferred over time Total
Revenues
Software licenses and royalties $ 17,373
$ 5,071
$ 22,444
Subscriptions —
58,699
58,699
Software services —
48,199
48,199
Maintenance —
96,215
96,215
Appraisal services —
5,544
5,544
Hardware and other 4,966
—
4,966
Total $ 22,339
$ 213,728
$ 236,067


For the three months ended March 31, 2019
	Products and services transferred at a point in time		Products and services transferred over time		Total
Revenues
Software licenses and royalties	$	16,910	$	4,883	$	21,793
Subscriptions	—		67,275		67,275
Software services	—		48,443		48,443
Maintenance	—		100,152		100,152
Appraisal services	—		5,214		5,214
Hardware and other	4,189		—		4,189
Total	$	21,099	$	225,967	$	247,066

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018
Products and services transferred at a point in time Products and services transferred over time Total
Revenues
Software licenses and royalties $ 53,697
$ 13,923
$ 67,620
Subscriptions —
160,736
160,736
Software services —
144,812
144,812
Maintenance —
286,188
286,188
Appraisal services —
16,470
16,470
Hardware and other 17,475
—
17,475
Total $ 71,172
$ 622,129
$ 693,301

Recurring Revenue

The majority of our revenue is comprised of recurring revenues from maintenance and subscriptions. Virtually all of our on-premises software clients contract with us for maintenance and support, which provides us with a significant source of recurring revenue. We generally provide maintenance and support for our on-premises clients under annual, or in some cases, multi-year contracts. The contract terms for subscription arrangements range from one to 10 years but are typically contracted for initial periods of three to five years, providing a significant source of recurring revenues on an annual basis. Non-recurring revenues are derived ~~for~~from all other revenue categories.

Recurring revenues and non-recurring revenues recognized during the period are as ~~follows (in thousands):~~follows:


For the three months ended March 31, 2020
	Enterprise Software		Appraisal and Tax		Corporate		Totals

Recurring revenues	$	181,485	$	14,603	$	—	$	196,088
Non-recurring revenues	64,691		15,760		2		80,453
Intercompany	4,001		18		(4,019)		—
Total revenues	$	250,177	$	30,381	$	(4,017)	$	276,541

For the three months ended September 30, 2019

Enterprise
Software
Appraisal and Tax Corporate Totals

Recurring revenues $ 175,836
$ 9,269
$ —
$ 185,105
Non-recurring revenues 73,670
16,639
(14 ) 90,295
Intercompany 4,029
—
(4,029 ) —
Total revenues $ 253,535
$ 25,908
$ (4,043 ) $ 275,400

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019

Enterprise
Software
Appraisal and Tax Corporate Totals

Recurring revenues $ 505,840
$ 26,856
$ —
$ 532,696
Non-recurring revenues 211,460
47,298
6,136
264,894
Intercompany 11,242
—
(11,242 ) —
Total revenues $ 728,542
$ 74,154
$ (5,106 ) $ 797,590

For the three months ended September 30, 2018

Enterprise
Software
Appraisal and Tax Corporate Totals

Recurring revenues $ 146,292
$ 8,622
$ —
$ 154,914
Non-recurring revenues 66,183
15,003
(33 ) 81,153
Intercompany 3,373
—
(3,373 ) —
Total revenues $ 215,848
$ 23,625
$ (3,406 ) $ 236,067

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018

Enterprise
Software
Appraisal and Tax Corporate Totals

Recurring revenues $ 421,222
$ 25,702
$ —
$ 446,924
Non-recurring revenues 199,677
41,783
4,917
246,377
Intercompany 9,696
—
(9,696 ) —
Total revenues $ 630,595
$ 67,485
$ (4,779 ) $ 693,301


For the three months ended March 31, 2019
	Enterprise Software		Appraisal and Tax		Corporate		Totals

Recurring revenues	$	154,443	$	12,984	$	—	$	167,427
Non-recurring revenues	63,108		16,534		(3)		79,639
Intercompany	3,484		69		(3,553)		—
Total revenues	$	221,035	$	29,587	$	(3,556)	$	247,066

(14) Deferred Revenue and Performance Obligations

Total deferred revenue, including long-term, by segment is as ~~follows (in thousands):~~follows:

September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Enterprise Software $ 367,416
$ 327,521
Appraisal and Tax 23,224
20,018
Corporate 1,161
3,397
Totals $ 391,801
$ 350,936


	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Enterprise Software	$	333,314	$	375,838
Appraisal and Tax	31,205		35,487
Corporate	1,607		1,369
Totals	$	366,126	$	412,694

Changes in total deferred revenue, including long-term, were as ~~follows (in thousands):~~follows:

September 30, 2019
Balance, beginning of period December 31, 2018 $ 350,936
Deferral of revenue 691,512
Recognition of deferred revenue (650,647 )
Balance, end of period $ 391,801


	Three months ended March 31, 2020
Balance as of December 31, 2019	$	412,694
Deferral of revenue	198,324
Recognition of deferred revenue	(244,892)





Balance as of March 31, 2020	$	366,126

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

The aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized ("backlog"), which includes deferred revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Backlog as of ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, was ~~$1.4~~$1.50 billion, of which we expect to recognize approximately ~~49%~~48% as revenue over the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter.

(15) Commitments and Contingencies

Other than routine litigation incidental to our business, there are 0 material legal proceedings pending to which we are party or to which any of our properties are subject.

(16) Subsequent Events

~~The following~~There have been no material events and transactions that occurred subsequent to ~~September 30, 2019:~~March 31, 2020.

On October 30, 2019, we acquired certain assets of Courthouse Technologies, Ltd, an industry-leading provider of jury management systems that offers fully integrated, end-to-end software-as-a-service (SaaS) solution to manage all facets of juror management, from source list generation to juror processing and payment. The total purchase price was approximately $19 million in cash, subject to certain post-closing adjustments.

ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

CAUTIONARY NOTE CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This document contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are not historical in nature and typically address future or anticipated events, trends, expectations or beliefs with respect to our financial condition, results of operations or business. Forward-looking statements often contain words such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “foresees,” “forecasts,” “estimates,” “plans,” “intends,” “continues,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “projects,” “might,” “could” or other similar words or phrases. Similarly, statements that describe our business strategy, outlook, objectives, plans, intentions or goals also are forward-looking statements. We believe there is a reasonable basis for our forward-looking statements, but they are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties and actual results could differ materially from the expectations and beliefs reflected in the forward-looking statements. We presently consider the following to be among the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations and beliefs: (1) the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including its potential effects on the economic environment, our customers and our operations, as well as any changes to federal, state or local government laws, regulations or orders in connection with the pandemic; (2) changes in the budgets or regulatory environments of our clients, primarily local and state governments, that could negatively impact information technology spending; ~~(2)~~(3) our ability to protect client information from security breaches and provide uninterrupted operations of data centers; ~~(3)~~(4) our ability to achieve growth or operational synergies through the integration of acquired businesses, while avoiding unanticipated costs and disruptions to existing operations; ~~(4)~~(5) material portions of our business require the Internet infrastructure to be adequately maintained; ~~(5)~~(6) our ability to achieve our financial forecasts due to various factors, including project delays by our clients, reductions in transaction size, fewer transactions, delays in delivery of new products or releases or a decline in our renewal rates for service agreements; ~~(6)~~(7) general economic, political and market conditions; ~~(7)~~(8) technological and market risks associated with the development of new products or services or of new versions of existing or acquired products or services; ~~(8)~~(9) competition in the industry in which we conduct business and the impact of competition on pricing, client retention and pressure for new products or services; ~~(9)~~(10) the ability to attract and retain qualified personnel and dealing with the loss or retirement of key members of management or other key personnel; and ~~(10)~~(11) costs of compliance and any failure to comply with government and stock exchange regulations. A detailed discussion of these factors and other risks that affect our business are described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” We expressly disclaim any obligation to publicly update or revise our forward-looking statements.

GENERAL

We provide integrated information management solutions and services for the public sector, with a focus on local governments. We develop and market a broad line of software products and services to address the IT needs of public sector entities. In addition, we provide professional IT services to our clients, including software and hardware installation, data conversion, training, and for certain clients, product modifications, along with continuing maintenance and support for clients using our systems. We also provide subscription-based services such as software as a service (“SaaS”), which primarily utilize the Tyler private cloud, and electronic document filing solutions (“e-filing”), which simplify the filing and management of court related documents. Revenues for e-filing are derived from transaction fees and, in some cases, fixed fee arrangements. Other transaction-based fees primarily relate to online payment services. We also provide property appraisal outsourcing services for taxing jurisdictions.

Our products generally automate seven major functional areas: (1) financial management and education, (2) courts and justice, (3) public safety (4) property appraisal and tax, (5) planning, regulatory and maintenance (6) land and vital records management, ~~and~~ (7) data and ~~insights.~~insights and (8) case management and business process management. We report our results in two segments. The Enterprise Software (“ES”) segment provides public sector entities with software systems and services to meet their information technology and automation needs for mission-critical “back-office” functions such as: financial management; courts and justice processes; public safety; planning, regulatory and maintenance; ~~land and vital records management;~~ and data analytics. The Appraisal and Tax (“A&T”) segment provides systems and software that automate the appraisal and assessment of real and personal property, land and vital records management as well as property appraisal outsourcing services for local governments and taxing authorities. Property appraisal outsourcing services include: the physical inspection of commercial and residential properties; data collection and processing; computer analysis for property valuation; preparation of tax rolls; community education; and arbitration between taxpayers and the assessing jurisdiction.

Our total employee count increased to ~~5,291~~5,449 at ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, from ~~4,447~~5,053 at ~~September 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019.

For the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019, respectively,~~March 31, 2020, total revenues increased ~~16.7% and 15.0%,~~11.9% compared to the prior year period.

Subscriptions revenue grew ~~28.2% and 34.4%~~21.5% for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019, respectively,~~March 31, 2020, due to an ongoing shift toward cloud-based, software as a service business, as well as continued growth in our e-filing revenues from courts. Excluding the impact of recent acquisitions, subscriptions revenue increased ~~23.2% and 24.8%~~18.3% for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019, respectively.~~March 31, 2020.

Our backlog at ~~September 30, 2019~~March 31, 2020, was ~~$1.4~~$1.50 billion, a ~~13.9%~~19.2% increase from last year.

~~Adoption~~Impact of ~~New Lease Accounting Standard~~

the COVID-19 Pandemic

~~On January 1, 2019,~~In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID -19 a pandemic, which continues to spread throughout the U.S. and the world and has resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to contain the virus, including travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, and business limitations and shutdowns. While we ~~adopted ASU No. 2016-02,~~ ~~Leases~~ ~~("Topic 842") using~~are unable to accurately predict the ~~transition method~~full impact that ~~allows us~~COVID-19 will have on our results from operations, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows due to ~~initially apply~~numerous uncertainties, including the ~~guidance at~~duration and severity of the ~~adoption date~~pandemic and containment measures and associated compliance, we do expect the current environment will negatively impact our revenues and other financial results for fiscal 2020. However, for the first quarter of ~~January 1, 2019,~~2020, we did not experience a material negative impact on our financial results associated with the pandemic.

Because an increasing portion of our revenues are recurring, the effect of COVID-19 on our results of operations may also not be fully reflected for some time. We expect to see some impact on our business in the near term, with possible delays in government procurement processes and ~~recognize~~delays in implementations caused by travel restrictions, closed offices, or clients shifting focus to more pressing issues. We are working to address those challenges through adapting the way we do business – encouraging web and video conferencing, conducting sales demonstrations and delivering professional services remotely.

Our priorities during this crisis are protecting the health and safety of our employees and our clients. Our IT systems and applications support a ~~cumulative-effect adjustment~~remote workforce. Prior to the ~~opening~~pandemic, many of our employees worked remotely. In response to the pandemic, we encouraged all employees who are able to do so to work from home, equipping them with resources necessary to continue uninterrupted. We were able to transition the vast majority of our employees to this work-from-home posture. This reduces the number of team members in our offices to those uniquely needed for essential on-site services, such as network operations support staff, and allows for “social distancing” as directed by the Centers for Disease Control ("CDC").

Recurring revenues, from subscriptions and maintenance revenues, for the three months ended March 31, 2020, comprise 71% of our total consolidated revenue, and include newer transaction-based revenue streams such as e-filing and online payments. As of March 31, 2020, we had $392.6 million in cash and investments and no outstanding borrowings under our credit facility. We also have substantial additional liquidity available through our undrawn $400.0 million credit facility, which can be expanded through an accordion feature. For the first quarter of 2020, the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was not material to our operating results. No asset impairments were recorded as of the balance sheet date as no triggering events or changes in circumstances had occurred as of ~~retained earnings~~period-end to require such an impairment; however, due to significant uncertainty surrounding the situation, management’s judgment regarding this could change in the period of adoption. We used the package of practical expedients that allows us to not reassess: (1) lease classification for any expired or existing leases and (2) initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases. The impacts of adoption are reflected in the financial information herein. For additional information, see Note 10 to our condensed consolidated financial statements in this report.future.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements. These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared following the requirements of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for the interim period and require us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition and amortization and potential impairment of intangible assets and goodwill and share-based compensation expense. As these are condensed financial statements, one should also read expanded information about our critical accounting policies and estimates provided in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. Except for the accounting policies for ~~operating leases~~credit losses updated as a result of adopting ASU No. ~~2016-02,~~2016-13 - Financial Instruments - Credit losses, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates from the information provided in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Percent of Total Revenues
Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
2019 2018 2019 2018
Revenues:
Software licenses and royalties 9.2 % 9.5 % 8.5 % 9.8 %
Subscriptions 27.3
24.9
27.1
23.2
Software services 20.0
20.4
20.2
20.9
Maintenance 39.9
40.8
39.6
41.2
Appraisal services 2.2
2.3
2.2
2.4
Hardware and other 1.4
2.1
2.4
2.5
Total revenues 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Cost of revenues:

Software licenses, royalties and acquired software 3.2
2.9
3.2
2.9
Software services, maintenance and subscriptions 46.7
47.2
46.6
47.2
Appraisal services 1.5
1.5
1.4
1.6
Hardware and other 1.1
1.1
1.9
1.7
Selling, general and administrative expenses 23.2
22.3
23.5
22.0
Research and development expense 7.7
7.2
7.5
6.6
Amortization of customer and trade name intangibles 2.1
1.9
2.0
1.7
Operating income 14.5
15.9
13.9
16.3
Other income, net 0.2
0.4
0.1
0.3
Income before income taxes 14.7
16.3
14.0
16.6
Income tax provision (benefit) 0.1
(0.1 ) 1.5
—
Net income 14.6 % 16.4 % 12.5 % 16.6 %


	Percent of Total Revenues
	Three Months Ended
	2020		2019
Revenues:
Software licenses and royalties	6.8	%	8.8	%
Subscriptions	29.5		27.2
Software services	18.8		19.6
Maintenance	41.4		40.6
Appraisal services	2.1		2.1
Hardware and other	1.4		1.7
Total revenues	100.0		100.0
Cost of revenues:
Software licenses, royalties and acquired software	3.2		3.0
Software services, maintenance and subscriptions	47.7		47.4
Appraisal services	1.6		1.4
Hardware and other	0.9		1.2
Selling, general and administrative expenses	24.4		23.4
Research and development expense	8.1		7.7
Amortization of customer and trade name intangibles	1.9		2.0
Operating income	12.2		13.9
Other income, net	0.4		0.2
Income before income taxes	12.6		14.1
Income tax (benefit) provision	(4.6)		3.1
Net income	17.2	%	11.0	%

Revenues

On February 28, 2019, we acquired all of the capital stock of MP Holdings Parent, Inc. dba MicroPact ("MicroPact"), a leading provider of commercial off-the-shelf ~~(COTS)~~ solutions, including entellitrak®, a low-code application development platform for case management and business process management used extensively in the public sector. The following table details revenue for MicroPact for the ~~three~~quarter ended March 31, 2020 and ~~nine months ended September 30,~~ 2019, respectively, which is included in our condensed consolidated statements of income from the date of acquisition:


	Three Months Ended
	2020		2019
Revenues:
Software licenses and royalties	$	1,410	$	714
Subscriptions	2,488		630
Software services	5,145		1,707
Maintenance	9,645		2,392
Appraisal services	—		—
Hardware and other	18		13
Total revenues	$	18,706	$	5,456

(In thousands) Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
Revenues:
  Software licenses and royalties $ 1,109
$ 1,869
  Subscriptions 2,024
4,606
  Software services 5,100
12,055
  Maintenance 8,120
17,854
  Appraisal services —
—
  Hardware and other 3
24
        Total revenues $ 16,356
$ 36,408

We also acquired all the assets of Civic, LLC ("MyCivic"), a company that provides software solutions to connect communities. The impact of this acquisition on our operating results is not considered material and is not included in the table above. The results of these acquisitions are included with the operating results of the ES segment from their dates of acquisition.

Software licenses and royalties

The following table sets forth a comparison of our software licenses and royalties revenue for the periods presented as of ~~September 30:~~March 31:


	Three Months Ended						Change
	2020		2019		$		%
ES	$	15,951	$	18,522	$	(2,571)	(14)	%
A&T	2,786		3,271		(485)		(15)
Total software licenses and royalties revenue	$	18,737	$	21,793	$	(3,056)	(14)	%

Three Months Ended Change Nine Months Ended Change
($ in thousands) 2019 2018 $ % 2019 2018 $ %
ES $ 23,449
$ 19,544
$ 3,905
20 % $ 60,443
$ 60,224
$ 219
— %
A&T 1,930
2,900
(970 ) (33 ) 7,404
7,396
8
—
Total software licenses and royalties revenue $ 25,379
$ 22,444
$ 2,935
13 % $ 67,847
$ 67,620
$ 227
— %

~~Excluding the results of acquisitions, software~~Software licenses and royalties revenue ~~increased 8.1% and~~ decreased ~~2.4%~~14% for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019, respectively,~~March 31, 2020, compared to the prior year period. The increase in software license and royalties revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2019, is attributed to several large on-premise sales of our financial management and schools and planning solutions partially offset by more clients choosing our subscription based option, rather than purchasing the software under a traditional perpetual software arrangement. The decline in software licenses and royalties revenue for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, is primarily attributed to a shift in the mix of new software contracts toward more subscription agreements compared to the prior year. Our total new contract value mix for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, was approximately ~~49%~~27% perpetual software license arrangements and approximately ~~51%~~73% subscription-based arrangements compared to total new contract value mix for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, of approximately ~~63%~~46% perpetual software license arrangements and approximately ~~37%~~54% subscription-based arrangements.

Although the mix of new contracts between subscription-based and perpetual license arrangements may vary from quarter to quarter and year to year, we expect our longer-term software license growth rate to slow as a growing number of clients choose our subscription-based options, rather than purchasing the software under a traditional perpetual software license arrangement. Subscription-based arrangements generally do not result in license revenue in the initial year as compared to perpetual software license arrangements but generate higher overall revenue over the term of the contract.

Subscriptions

The following table sets forth a comparison of our subscriptions revenue for the periods presented as of ~~September 30:~~March 31:


																		Three Months Ended						Change
	Three Months Ended				Change				Nine Months Ended				Change					2020		2019		$		%
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		$		%		2019		2018		$		%
ES	$	72,398	$	56,220	$	16,178	29	%	$	207,907	$	153,541	$	54,366	35	%	ES	$	76,644	$	63,255	$	13,389	21	%
A&T	2,874		2,479		395		16		8,115		7,195		920		13		A&T	5,079		4,020		1,059		26
Total subscriptions revenue	$	75,272	$	58,699	$	16,573	28	%	$	216,022	$	160,736	$	55,286	34	%	Total subscriptions revenue	$	81,723	$	67,275	$	14,448	21	%

Subscriptions revenue primarily consists of revenue derived from our SaaS arrangements, which ~~primarily~~generally utilize the Tyler private cloud. As part of our subscription-based services, we also provide e-filing arrangements that simplify the filing and management of court related documents for courts and law offices. E-filing revenue is derived from transaction fees and fixed fee arrangements.

~~Excluding the results of acquisitions, subscriptions~~Subscriptions revenue grew ~~23.2% and 24.8%~~21% for the three ~~and nine~~ months ending ~~September 30, 2019, respectively,~~March 31, 2020, compared to the prior year. New SaaS clients as well as existing clients who converted to our SaaS model provided the majority of the subscriptions revenue increase. In the three ~~and nine~~ months ending ~~September 30, 2019, respectively,~~March 31, 2020, we added ~~150 and 432~~131 new SaaS clients and ~~20 and 60~~19 existing on-premises clients converted to our SaaS model. Since ~~September 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, we have added ~~513~~599 new SaaS clients while 6884 existing on-premises clients converted to our SaaS model. Also, e-filing services and transaction-based fees from online payments contributed approximately ~~$1.4 million and $5.3~~$2.8 million to the subscriptions revenue increase for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019, respectively,~~March 31, 2020 due to the addition of new e-filing clients, as well as increased volumes ~~as the result~~ of ~~several existing clients mandating e-filing.~~online payments from utility billings.

Software services

The following table sets forth a comparison of our software services revenue for the periods presented as of ~~September 30:~~March 31:

Three Months Ended Change Nine Months Ended Change
($ in thousands) 2019 2018 $ % 2019 2018 $ %
ES $ 46,296
$ 41,640
$ 4,656
11 % $ 138,404
$ 126,928
$ 11,476
9 %
A&T 8,701
6,559
2,142
33
22,437
17,884
4,553
25
Total software services revenue $ 54,997
$ 48,199
$ 6,798
14 % $ 160,841
$ 144,812
$ 16,029
11 %


	Three Months Ended						Change
	2020		2019		$		%
ES	$	44,949	$	40,456	$	4,493	11	%
A&T	7,184		7,987		(803)		(10)
Total software services revenue	$	52,133	$	48,443	$	3,690	8	%

Software services revenue primarily consists of professional services delivered in connection with implementing our software, converting client data, training client personnel, custom development activities and consulting. New clients who acquire our software generally also contract with us to provide the related software services. Existing clients also periodically purchase additional training, consulting and minor programming services. ~~Excluding the results of acquisitions, software~~Software services revenue increased ~~2.9% and 0.9%~~8% for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019, respectively,~~March 31, 2020, compared to the prior year period. For the three ~~and nine~~ months ended, the increase is due to higher new contract volume and the addition of professional services staff to grow our capacity to deliver backlog, partially offset by clients converting from on-premises license arrangements to ~~SaaS. Excluding employees added with acquisitions, our~~SaaS and some delays caused by the disruptions related to COVID-19. Our implementation and support staff has grown by ~~233~~290 employees since ~~September 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019.

Maintenance

The following table sets forth a comparison of our maintenance revenue for the periods presented as of ~~September 30:~~March 31:


																		Three Months Ended						Change
	Three Months Ended				Change				Nine Months Ended				Change					2020		2019		$		%
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		$		%		2019		2018		$		%
ES	$	103,438	$	90,072	$	13,366	15	%	$	297,933	$	267,681	$	30,252	11	%	ES	$	104,841	$	91,188	$	13,653	15	%
A&T	6,395		6,143		252		4		18,741		18,507		234		1.3		A&T	9,524		8,964		560		6
Total maintenance revenue	$	109,833	$	96,215	$	13,618	14	%	$	316,674	$	286,188	$	30,486	11	%	Total maintenance revenue	$	114,365	$	100,152	$	14,213	14	%

We provide maintenance and support services for our software products and certain third-party software. ~~Excluding the results of acquisitions, maintenance~~Maintenance revenue grew ~~5.7% and 4.4%~~14% for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019, respectively,~~March 31, 2020, compared to the prior year period. Maintenance revenue increased mainly due to contributions of maintenance revenue from recent acquisitions of $6.7 million. The remainder of the increase is attributed to annual maintenance rate increases and growth in our installed customer base from new software license sales partially offset by clients converting from on-premises license arrangements to SaaS.

Appraisal services

The following table sets forth a comparison of our appraisal services revenue for the periods presented as of ~~September 30:~~March 31:

Three Months Ended Change Nine Months Ended Change
($ in thousands) 2019 2018 $ % 2019 2018 $ %
ES $ —
$ —
$ —
— % $ —
$ —
$ —
— %
A&T 6,008
5,544
464
8
17,455
16,470
985
6
Total appraisal services revenue $ 6,008
$ 5,544
$ 464
8 % $ 17,455
$ 16,470
$ 985
6 %


	Three Months Ended						Change
	2020		2019		$		%
ES	$	—	$	—	$	—	—	%
A&T	5,763		5,214		549		11
Total appraisal services revenue	$	5,763	$	5,214	$	549	11	%

Appraisal services revenue for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, increased by ~~8.4% and 6.0%~~11%, ~~respectively,~~ compared to the prior year primarily due to the addition of several new revaluation contracts started during the ~~second~~fourth quarter of ~~2019.~~2019, offset somewhat by delays to several ongoing projects as a result of shelter-in-place orders and social distancing restrictions related to COVID-19. The appraisal services business is somewhat cyclical and driven in part by statutory revaluation cycles in various states.

Cost of Revenues and Gross Margins

The following table sets forth a comparison of the key components of our cost of revenues for the periods presented as of ~~September 30:~~March 31:


																			Three Months Ended						Change
	Three Months Ended				Change				Nine Months Ended				Change						2020		2019		$		%
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		$		%		2019		2018		$			%
Software licenses and royalties	$	971	$	957	$	14	1	%	$	2,680	$	2,939	$	(259	)	(9	)%	Software licenses and royalties	$	740	$	818	$	(78)	(10)	%
Acquired software	7,975		5,897		2,078		35		22,645		17,003		5,642			33		Acquired software	8,027		6,682		1,345		20
Software services, maintenance and subscriptions	128,545		111,508		17,037		15		371,464		327,080		44,384			14		Software services, maintenance and subscriptions	131,779		117,160		14,619		12
Appraisal services	4,096		3,505		591		17		11,306		10,854		452			4		Appraisal services	4,385		3,452		933		27
Hardware and other	3,096		2,574		522		20		14,870		11,718		3,152			27		Hardware and other	2,479		2,906		(427)		(15)
Total cost of revenues	$	144,683	$	124,441	$	20,242	16	%	$	422,965	$	369,594	$	53,371		14	%	Total cost of revenues	$	147,410	$	131,018	$	16,392	13	%

The following table sets forth a comparison of gross margin percentage by revenue type for the periods presented as of ~~September 30:~~March 31:


	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended							Three Months Ended
	2019		2018		Change		2019		2018		Change			2020		2019		Change
Software licenses, royalties and acquired software	64.8	%	69.5	%	(4.7	)%	62.7	%	70.5	%	(7.8	)%	Software licenses, royalties and acquired software	53.2	%	65.6	%	(12.4)	%
Software services, maintenance and subscriptions	46.5		45.1		1.4		46.4		44.7		1.7		Software services, maintenance and subscriptions	46.9		45.7		1.2
Appraisal services	31.8		36.8		(5.0	)	35.2		34.1		1.1		Appraisal services	23.9		33.8		(9.9)
Hardware and other	20.8		48.2		(27.4	)	20.7		32.9		(12.2	)	Hardware and other	35.1		30.6		4.5
Overall gross margin	47.5	%	47.3	%	0.2	%	47.0	%	46.7	%	0.3	%	Overall gross margin	46.7	%	47.0	%	(0.3)	%

Software licenses, royalties and acquired software. Amortization expense for acquired software comprises the majority of costs of software licenses, royalties and acquired software. We do not have any direct costs associated with royalties. In the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, our software licenses, royalties and acquired software gross margin decreased ~~4.7% and 7.8%, respectively,~~12.4% compared to the prior year period due to ~~higher~~lower revenue from software licenses and increased amortization expense for acquired software resulting from acquisitions.

Software services, maintenance and subscriptions. Cost of software services, maintenance and subscriptions primarily consists of personnel costs related to installation of our software, conversion of client data, training client personnel and support activities and various other services such as custom client development and ongoing operation of SaaS and e-filing arrangements. The software services, maintenance and subscription gross margin in the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019, both~~March 31, 2020, increased ~~1.4% and 1.7% , respectively,~~1.2% from the comparable prior year period. ~~Excluding employees added through acquisitions, our~~Our implementation and support staff has grown by ~~233~~290 employees since ~~September 30, 2018,~~March 31, 2019, as we accelerated hiring to ensure that we are well-positioned to deliver our current backlog and anticipated new business. Costs related to maintenance and various other services such as SaaS and e-filing typically grow at a slower rate than related revenue due to leverage in the utilization of support and maintenance staff and economies of scale.

Appraisal services. Appraisal services revenue was approximately ~~2.2%~~2.1% of total revenue for ~~both~~ the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019, respectively.~~March 31, 2020. The appraisal services gross margin for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, decreased ~~5.0% and increased 1.1%, respectively,~~9.9% compared to the same period in ~~2018.~~2019. During the three months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, appraisal services gross margin decreased due to staffing increases resulting from new revaluation ~~projects. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, appraisal services gross margin increased due to ramp up~~projects, as well as lower staff utilization in March 2020 as a result of ~~several new revaluation projects during second quarter 2019.~~COVID-19 shelter-in place orders. The appraisal services business is somewhat cyclical and driven in part by statutory revaluation cycles in various states.

For the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019, respectively,~~March 31, 2020, our overall gross margin ~~increased 0.2% and~~decreased 0.3% compared to the prior year ~~periods. Our~~period. The decrease in overall margins is attributed to lower margins from software licenses due to lower software license revenue and higher amortization expense for acquired software resulting from acquisitions as well as staffing increases attributed to appraisal services. The decrease in overall gross margin ~~increases for the three and nine months periods are attributed to~~is offset by a higher revenue mix for subscription revenues compared to the prior year ~~periods~~period resulting in an increase in incremental margin related to software services, maintenance and subscriptions. Costs related to maintenance and various other services such as SaaS and e-filing typically grow at a slower rate than related revenue due to leverage in the utilization of support and maintenance staff and economies of scale. The increase in overall margins are partially offset by lower margins from software licenses, in part due to lower software license revenue and higher amortization expense for acquired software resulting from acquisitions.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses consist primarily of salaries, employee benefits, travel, share-based compensation expense, commissions and related overhead costs for administrative and sales and marketing employees, as well as professional fees, trade show activities, advertising costs and other marketing related costs.

The following table sets forth a comparison of our SG&A expenses for the periods presented as of ~~September 30:~~March 31:

Three Months Ended Change Nine Months Ended
Change
($ in thousands) 2019 2018 $ % 2019 2018 $
%
Selling, general and administrative expenses $ 63,888
$ 52,605
$ 11,283
21 % $ 187,481
$ 152,471
$ 35,010
23 %


	Three Months Ended						Change
	2020		2019		$		%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	67,485	$	57,766	$	9,719	17	%

SG&A as a percentage of revenues was ~~23.2% and 23.5%~~24% for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019, respectively,~~March 31, 2020, compared to ~~22.3% and 22.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. SG&A expense increased 21% and~~ 23% for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019, respectively.~~March 31, 2019. SG&A expense increased 17% for the three months ended March 31, 2020. This increase is mainly due to higher share-based compensation expense, increased staffing levels, and an increase in commission expense as a result of higher sales. ~~Excluding employees added with acquisitions, we~~We have added 7772 SG&A employees, mainly to our sales and finance teams, since ~~September 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019. For the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, stock compensation expense rose ~~$0.7~~$2.4 million ~~and $4.9 million, respectively,~~ compared to the same period in ~~2018,~~2019, mainly due to an increase in share-based awards issued in connection with our stock compensation plan coupled with the higher fair value of each share-based award due to the increase in our stock price.

Research and Development Expense

The following table sets forth a comparison of our research and development expense for the periods presented as of ~~September 30:~~March 31:

Three Months Ended Change Nine Months Ended Change
($ in thousands) 2019 2018 $ % 2019 2018 $ %
Research and development expense $ 21,130
$ 17,050
$ 4,080
24 % $ 60,172
$ 45,929
$ 14,243
31 %


	Three Months Ended						Change
	2020		2019		$		%
Research and development expense	$	22,361	$	18,941	$	3,420	18	%

Research and development expense consists mainly of costs associated with development of new products and technologies from which we do not currently generate significant revenue.

Research and development expense in the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, increased ~~24% and 31%, respectively,~~18% compared to the prior ~~periods~~period mainly due to a number of new Tyler product development initiatives across our product suites, as well as investments related to recently acquired businesses. To support these initiatives, our research and development staff has grown by ~~154~~65 since ~~September 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019.

Amortization of Other Intangibles

Acquisition intangibles are ~~composed~~comprised of the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net tangible assets acquired that is primarily allocated to acquired software and customer and trade name intangibles. The remaining excess purchase price is allocated to goodwill that is not subject to amortization. Amortization expense related to acquired software is included with cost of revenues while amortization expense of customer and trade name intangibles is recorded as operating expense. The increase in amortization of other intangibles is primarily attributed to the ~~acquisition of Socrata, Inc. and MicroPact, which~~recent acquisitions closed ~~during the second quarter of 2018 and first quarter of 2019, respectively.~~in 2019.

The following table sets forth a comparison of amortization of customer and trade name intangibles for the periods presented as of ~~September 30:~~March 31:


	Three Months Ended						Change
	2020		2019		$		%
Amortization of other intangibles	$	5,392	$	4,850	$	542	11	%

Three Months Ended Change Nine Months Ended Change
($ in thousands) 2019 2018 $ % 2019 2018 $ %
Amortization of other intangibles $ 5,646
$ 4,386
$ 1,260
29 % $ 15,762
$ 11,742
$ 4,020
34 %

Other Income, Net

The following table sets forth a comparison of our other income, net, for the periods presented as of ~~September 30:~~March 31:


	Three Months Ended						Change
	2020		2019		$		%
Other income, net	$	990	$	586	$	404	69

Three Months Ended Change Nine Months Ended Change
($ in thousands) 2019 2018 $ % 2019 2018 $ %
Other income, net $ 499
$ 1,041
$ (542 ) NM $ 838
$ 2,198
$ (1,360 ) NM

Other income, net, is comprised of interest income from invested cash net of interest expense and non-usage and other fees associated with our revolving credit agreement. The ~~decrease~~increase in other income, net, in the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, compared to the prior ~~periods~~period is ~~due~~attributed to the increased ~~interest expense from new debt outstanding under our credit agreement, coupled with decreased~~ interest income from ~~lower~~higher levels of invested ~~cash.~~cash, offset somewhat by lower interest rates.

Income Tax Provision

The following table sets forth a comparison of our income tax provision for the periods presented as of ~~September 30:~~March 31:

Three Months Ended Change Nine Months Ended Change
($ in thousands) 2019 2018 $ % 2019 2018 $ %
Income tax provision (benefit) $ 162
$ (298 ) $ 460
NM $ 12,311
$ (147 ) $ 12,458
NM

Effective income tax rate 0.4 % (0.8 )% 11.0 % (0.1 )%


	Three Months Ended								Change
	2020			2019			$		%
Income tax (benefit) provision	$	(12,667)		$	7,729		$	(20,396)	NM

Effective income tax rate	(36.3)		%	22.0		%

The change in effective tax rate for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, as compared to the same ~~periods~~period in ~~2018,~~2019, was principally driven by ~~the fluctuations of~~an increase in the excess tax benefits related to stock incentive awards. The effective income tax rates for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2020 and 2019, ~~and 2018,~~ respectively, were different from the statutory United States federal income tax ~~rates~~rate of 21% due to excess tax benefits related to stock incentive awards, state income taxes, non-deductible business expenses, and the tax benefit of research tax credits. The excess tax benefits related to stock incentive awards realized were ~~$11.6 million and $18.6~~$22.1 million for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019, respectively,~~March 31, 2020, compared to ~~$9.3 million and $30.0~~$1.7 million for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2018, respectively.~~

March 31, 2019. Excluding the excess tax benefits, the effective rate was ~~28.9% and 27.6%~~27.0% for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, compared to ~~23.3% and 25.8%~~26.8% for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September 30, 2018, respectively.~~March 31, 2019.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security ("CARES") Act, which was signed into law on March 27, 2020, provides an estimated $2.2 trillion to fight the COVID-19 pandemic and stimulate the US economy. The assistance includes tax relief and government loans, and investments and grants for entities in affected industries (e.g., health care, airlines). The business tax provisions of the Act include temporary changes to income and non-income based tax laws, including the ability to utilize net operating losses, interest expense deductions, alternative minimum tax credit refunds, charitable contributions, and depreciation of qualified improvement property. Measures not related to income-based taxes include (1) allowing an employer to pay its share of Social Security payroll taxes that would otherwise be due from the date of enactment through December 31, 2020, over the following two years and (2) allowing eligible employers subject to closure due to the COVID-19 pandemic to receive a 50% credit on qualified wages against their employment taxes each quarter, with any excess credits eligible for refunds. We evaluated the CARES Act provisions and the enactment resulted in no income tax adjustments. We do not believe that the income tax implications will be significant to our overall income tax liability.

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND LIQUIDITY

As of ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of ~~$161.4~~$302.0 million compared to ~~$134.3~~$232.7 million at December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. We also had ~~$68.2~~$90.6 million invested in investment grade corporate and municipal bonds as of ~~September 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020. These investments mature ranging through ~~2022,~~2023, and we intend to hold these investments until maturity. As of ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, we believe our cash from operating activities, revolving line of credit, cash on hand and access to the capital markets provides us with sufficient flexibility to meet our long-term financial needs.

The following table sets forth a summary of cash flows for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30:~~March 31:


								2020		2019
(in thousands)	2019			2018
Cash flows provided (used) by:							Cash flows provided (used) by:
Operating activities	$	178,527		$	179,353		Operating activities	$	56,706	$	23,957
Investing activities	(203,204		)	(222,341		)	Investing activities	(15,007)		(194,890)
Financing activities	51,836			76,514			Financing activities	27,604		76,091
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	27,159		$	33,526
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents							Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	$	69,303	$	(94,842)

Net cash provided by operating activities continues to be our primary source of funds to finance operating needs and capital expenditures. Other potential capital resources include cash on hand, public and private issuances of debt or equity securities, and bank borrowings. It is possible that our ability to access the capital and credit markets in the future may be limited by economic conditions or other factors. We believe that cash provided by operating activities, cash on hand and available credit are sufficient to fund our working capital requirements, capital expenditures, income tax obligations, and share repurchases for at least the next twelve months.

For the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, operating activities provided cash of ~~$178.5~~$56.7 million. Operating activities that provided cash were primarily comprised of net income of ~~$99.7~~$47.6 million, non-cash depreciation and amortization charges of ~~$56.5~~$20.0 million, non-cash share-based compensation expense of ~~$44.4~~$17.3 million and a non-cash decrease in operating lease right-of-use assets of ~~$4.0~~$1.5 million. Working capital, excluding cash, increased approximately ~~$26.1~~$29.6 million mainly due to ~~higher accounts receivable because~~the decline in deferred revenue balances, the timing of ~~an increase in unbilled receivables attributed~~payments related to ~~revenues recognized prior to billings~~bonuses and ~~annual subscription billings, higher deferred~~prepaid commissions, and the ~~timing of tax payments and~~ deferred taxes associated with stock option activity during the period. These increases were offset by ~~an increase in deferred revenue during the period. In general, changes in deferred revenue are cyclical~~collections of annual maintenance renewals and ~~primarily driven by the timing of our maintenance~~subscription renewal billings ~~and subscription billings. Our maintenance renewal dates occur throughout the year, but our largest renewal billing cycles occur~~that are billed in the ~~second and~~ fourth ~~quarters. In addition, subscription renewals are billed throughout the year.~~quarter.

Our days sales outstanding (“DSO”) was ~~114~~104 days at ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, compared to ~~111~~117 days at December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~107~~104 days at ~~September 30, 2018.~~March 31, 2019. The ~~increase~~decrease in DSO compared to December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, is primarily attributed to our maintenance billing cycle typically peaking at its highest level in June and second highest level in December of each year and is followed by collections in the subsequent quarter. DSO is calculated based on quarter-end accounts receivable divided by the quotient of annualized quarterly revenues divided by 360 days. The increase in DSO compared to September 30, 2018, is mainly due to an increase in unbilled receivables attributable to an increase in software services contracts accounted for using progress-to-completion method of revenue recognition in which the services are performed in one accounting period, but the billing normally occurs subsequently in another accounting period.

Investing activities used cash of ~~$203.2~~$15.0 million in the ~~nine~~three months ending ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2020. Approximately $9.3 million was invested in property and equipment, including $4.8 million related to real estate. In addition, approximately $1.3 million of software development was capitalized in the quarter. Proceeds of $15 million for the sale of the investment in convertible preferred stock representing a 20% interest in Record Holdings to BFTR, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Bison Capital Partners V.L.P. During the same period, we purchased $10 million in common stock representing a 18% interest in BFTR, LLC. The remaining additions were for computer equipment and furniture and fixtures in support of internal growth, particularly with respect to data centers supporting growth in our cloud-based offerings.

Investing activities used cash of $194.9 million in the three months ending March 31, 2019. On February 28, 2019, we acquired all of the capital stock of MicroPact. The total purchase price, net of cash acquired of $2.0 million, was approximately ~~$203.7~~$204.2 million, including ~~$198.2~~$197.5 million paid in cash, accrued contingent consideration of ~~$6.6~~$7.0 million and ~~$1.0~~$1.7 million accrued for certain holdbacks. On February 1, 2019, we acquired all the assets of MyCivic. The ~~total~~ purchase price was $3.7 million of which $3.6 million was paid in cash ~~paid.~~and approximately $90,000 was accrued for a working capital holdback. Approximately ~~$28.8~~$12.3 million was invested in property and equipment, including ~~$15.0~~$8.7 million related to real estate. ~~In addition, approximately $3.5 million~~Approximately $690,000 of software development was capitalized in the quarter. The remaining additions were for computer equipment and furniture and fixtures in support of internal growth, particularly with respect to data centers supporting growth in our cloud-based offerings.

~~Investing~~Financing activities ~~used~~provided cash of ~~$222.3~~$27.6 million in the ~~nine~~three months ~~ending September 30, 2018. On August~~ended March 31, ~~2018,~~2020, and were comprised of proceeds from stock option exercises and employee stock purchase plan activity. We paid $5.6 million in contingent consideration resulting from the MicroPact acquisition. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we ~~acquired all~~repurchased approximately 59,000 shares of ~~the assets of CaseloadPRO, L.P., a company that provides a fully featured probation case management system. The~~our common stock for an aggregate purchase price ~~was $9.2~~of $15.5 million, with an average price per share of which $9.1 million was paid in cash and approximately $150,000 was accrued as of September 30, 2018. On April 30, 2018, we acquired all of the capital stock of Socrata, a company that provides open data and data-as-a-service solutions for state local and government agencies including cloud-based data integration, visualization, analysis, and reporting solutions. The purchase price, net of cash acquired of $1.7 million, was $147.6 million paid in cash. On April 30, 2018, we also acquired all of the equity interests of Sage, a cybersecurity company offering a suite of services that supports an entire cybersecurity lifecycle, including program development, education and training, technical testing, advisory services, and digital forensics. The total purchase price was $11.6 million paid in cash. Approximately $23.5 million was invested in property and equipment including $1.8 million for real estate construction costs. The remaining additions were for computer equipment, furniture and fixtures in support of internal growth, particularly with respect to data centers supporting growth in our cloud-based offerings.$263.28.

Financing activities provided cash of ~~$51.8~~$76.1 million in the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2019, and were comprised of purchases of treasury shares, net borrowings from our revolving line of credit, proceeds from stock option exercises and employee stock purchase plan activity. During the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2019, we repurchased approximately 72,000 shares of our common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $14.3 million, with an average price per share of $199.03.

Financing activities provided cash of $76.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and were comprised of proceeds from stock option exercises and employee stock purchase plan activity. We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

In February 2019, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of an additional 1.5 million shares of Tyler common stock. The repurchase program, which was approved by our board of directors, was originally announced in October 2002 and was amended at various times from 2003 through 2019. As of ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, we ~~had~~have authorization from our board of directors to repurchase up to 2.6 million additional shares of Tyler common stock. Our share repurchase program allows us to repurchase shares at our discretion. Market conditions influence the timing of the buybacks and the number of shares repurchased, as well as the volume of employee stock option exercises. Share repurchases are generally funded using our existing cash balances and borrowings under our credit facility and may occur through open market purchases and transactions structured through investment banking institutions, privately negotiated transactions and/or other mechanisms. There is no expiration date specified for the authorization, and we intend to repurchase stock under the plan from time to time.

We made tax payments of ~~$18.1 million~~$176,000 and ~~$6.8 million~~$88,000 in the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30,~~March 31, 2020, and 2019, ~~and 2018,~~ respectively.

We anticipate that ~~2019~~2020 capital spending will be between ~~$45~~$36 million and ~~$47~~$38 million, including approximately ~~$20~~$9 million related to real estate and approximately $6$7 million of capitalized software development. We expect the majority of the other capital spending will consist of computer equipment and software for infrastructure replacements and expansion. Capital spending is expected to be funded from existing cash balances and cash flows from operations.

From time to time we engage in discussions with potential acquisition candidates. In order to pursue such opportunities, which could require significant commitments of capital, we may be required to incur debt or to issue additional potentially dilutive securities in the future. No assurance can be given as to our future acquisition opportunities and how such opportunities will be financed.

We lease office facilities, as well as transportation and other equipment used in our operations under non-cancelable operating lease agreements expiring at various dates through ~~2027.~~2028.

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk represents the risk of loss that may affect us due to adverse changes in financial market prices and interest rates.

As of ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, we had no outstanding borrowings under our Credit ~~Agreement~~Facility and available borrowing capacity under the Credit Agreement was $400.0 million.

During the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, our effective average interest rate for borrowings was 3.83%. As of ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, our interest rate was ~~5.25%~~3.38% under the Wells Fargo Bank prime rate and approximately ~~3.14%~~2.12% under the 30-day LIBOR option.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act) designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time period specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. These include controls and procedures designed to ensure that this information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of ~~September 30, 2019.~~March 31, 2020.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the three months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

Other than routine litigation incidental to our business, there are no material legal proceedings pending to which we are party or to which any of our properties are subject.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, one should carefully consider the discussion of various risks and uncertainties contained in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our ~~2018~~2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. We believe those risk factors are the most relevant to our business and could cause our results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements made by us. Please note, however, that those are not the only risk factors facing us. Additional risks that we do not consider material, or of which we are not currently aware, may also have an adverse impact on us. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed if any of these risks or uncertainties actually occurs or materializes. In that event, the market price for our common stock could decline, and our shareholders may lose all or part of their investment. During the three months ended ~~September 30, 2019,~~March 31, 2020, except for the risk factors described below, there were no material changes in the information regarding risk factors contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

COVID-19 will adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We expect that the global emergence of COVID-19 (novel coronavirus) will negatively impact our business and financial results in fiscal year 2020. As the virus has spread, it has resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to contain the virus, including travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, and business limitations and shutdowns. While we are unable to accurately predict the full impact that COVID-19 will have on our results from operations, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows due to numerous uncertainties, including the duration and severity of the pandemic and containment measures and associated compliance, we do expect the pandemic will negatively impact our revenues and other financial results.

We expect to see some impact on our business in the near term, with possible delays in government procurement processes and delays in implementations caused by travel restrictions, closed offices, or clients shifting focus to more pressing issues.

We expect appraisal and software implementations projects delays as clients put projects on hold or slow projects by extending go-lives dates. While we have the ability to deliver most of our professional services remotely, some of our professional services, including appraisal assessments, are more effective when performed on-site, and certain clients insist on on-site services in any event. In addition, some professional services relate to training and require the availability of the client. We expect a negative impact on our software services revenue and appraisal services and respective margins throughout the fiscal year 2020. Also, we expect software licenses and subscriptions revenues to be negatively affected due to delays in procurement processes. Our clients who are negatively impacted by the virus may request changes to payment terms, negatively impacting the timing of collections of accounts receivables in future periods. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, 71% of our total revenue and earnings are relatively predictable as a result of our subscription and maintenance revenue, which is recurring in nature, and for most of first quarter 2020, our results were not materially impacted by COVID-19; thus, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic will not be fully reflected in our results of operations and overall financial performance until future periods.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None

ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

ITEM 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

None

ITEM 5. Other Information

None

ITEM 6. Exhibits



Exhibit 31.1		Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Exhibit 31.2		Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Exhibit 32.1		Certifications Pursuant Certifications Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

~~Exhibit 10.1~~		Agreement and plan of merger by and among Tyler Technologies, Inc., TMP Subsidiary Inc., MP Holdings Parent, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 10.7 to our Form 10-K dated Feb 20, 2019 and incorporated by reference herein).
Exhibit 101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document - the Instance Document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags, including Cover Page XBRL tags, are embedded within the Inline XBRL Document.
~~Exhibit 10.2~~			Credit Agreement dated September 30, 2019, among Tyler Technologies, Inc. and Wells Fargo Bank, N. A. as Administrative Agent and other lenders party hereto (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K dated October 2, 2019 and incorporated by reference herein).
Exhibit 101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
~~Exhibit 101~~			~~Instance Document~~
Exhibit 101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
~~Exhibit 101~~			~~Schema Document~~
Exhibit 101.LAB		Inline XBRL Extenstion Labels Linkbase Document.
~~Exhibit 101~~			~~Calculation Linkbase Document~~
Exhibit 101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
~~Exhibit 101~~			~~Labels Linkbase Document~~
Exhibit 101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
~~Exhibit 101~~		~~Definition Linkbase Document~~
Exhibit 104
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit ~~101~~	~~Presentation Linkbase Document~~101).

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



			TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
By:			/s/ Brian K. Miller
			Brian K. Miller
			Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
			(principal financial officer and an authorized signatory)

Date: ~~October 30, 2019~~

April 29, 2020



	Nine months ended September 30, 2019
Balance, beginning of period December 31, 2018	$	4,647
Provisions for losses - accounts receivable	2,908
Collection of accounts previously written off	—
Deductions for accounts charged off or credits issued	(3,253		)
Balance, end of period	$	4,302




Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	15,633
Operating lease liabilities	(4,344		)
Operating lease liabilities, long-term	(12,405		)
Retained earnings	$	(1,116	)



(In thousands)
Cash	$	1,983
Accounts receivable	12,247
Other current assets	8,979
Other noncurrent assets	10,417
Identifiable intangible assets	131,443
Goodwill	73,193
Accounts payable	(602		)
Accrued expenses	(2,542		)
Other noncurrent liabilities	(8,879		)
Deferred revenue	(11,312		)
Deferred tax liabilities, net	(9,209		)
Total consideration	$	205,718



	September 30, 2019
Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	20,172
Liabilities:
Operating leases, short-term	6,413
Operating leases, long-term	18,134
Total lease liabilities	$	24,547



Year ending December 31,	Amount
2019 (Remaining 2019)	$	2,124
2020	7,499
2021	6,063
2022	3,821
2023	2,856
Thereafter	4,528
Total lease payments	26,891
Less: Interest	(2,344		)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	24,547



	September 30, 2019
Balance, beginning of period December 31, 2018	$	350,936
Deferral of revenue	691,512
Recognition of deferred revenue	(650,647		)
Balance, end of period	$	391,801