000000000000false--12-31Q32019000087450185000000850000000.010.011300000001300000004557174345865081455554001870002040-12-312029-12-310032000681000005980004920004320000003170000000.010.0120000000200000000000143520001634386058 0000874501 ambc:AfsMember ambc:InterestRateSwapOneMember 2020-03-31

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549



FORM		10-Q



x☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
	OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020



¨☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
	OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

~~Commission File Number:~~



Commission File Number:		1-10777

AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP INC

Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware			~~133621676~~13-3621676
(State of incorporation)			(I.R.S. employer identification no.)

One State Street Plaza	New York	NY	10004
(Address of principal executive offices)			(Zip code)



~~212-658-7470~~	(212)	658-7470
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)



Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock par value $0.01 per share	AMBC	New York Stock Exchange
Warrants	AMBC WS	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x☒ No ¨☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically ~~and posted on its corporate Web site, if any,~~ every Interactive Data File required to be submitted ~~and posted~~ pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit ~~and post~~ such files). Yes x☒ No ¨☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): (Check one):



Large accelerated filer	x☒	Accelerated filer	¨☐	Non-accelerated filer	¨☐	Smaller reporting company	¨☐	Emerging growth company	¨☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨☐ No x☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities

Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes x☒ No ¨☐



~~Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:~~
~~Title of each class~~	~~Trading Symbol~~	~~Name of each exchange on which registered~~
~~Common stock, par value $0.01 per share~~	~~AMBC~~	~~NASDAQ~~

As of May ~~6, 2019, 45,520,541~~7, 2020, 45,779,023 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Registrant were outstanding.

AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS


Item Number	Item Number	Page	Item Number		Page	Item Number	Page	Item Number		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION	PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION		PART I (CONTINUED)			PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION		PART I (CONTINUED)
1	Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements of Ambac Financial Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries		3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	67	Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements of Ambac Financial Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries		3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	67
	Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)	1	4	Controls and Procedures	67	Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)	1	4	Controls and Procedures	68
	Consolidated Statements of Total Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)	2				Consolidated Statements of Total Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)	2
	Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)	3	PART II. OTHER INFORMATION			Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)	3	PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	4	1	Legal Proceedings	67	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	4	1	Legal Proceedings	68
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	5	1A	Risk Factors	68	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	5	1A	Risk Factors	69
2	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	42	2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	69	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	42	2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	69
	Cautionary Statement Pursuant To The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act Of 1995	42	3	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	69	Cautionary Statement Pursuant To The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act Of 1995	42	3	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	70
	Executive Summary	43	6	Exhibits	70	Executive Summary	43	5	Other Information	70
	Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates	45				Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates	46	6	Exhibits	70
	Financial Guarantees in Force	45	SIGNATURES		70	Financial Guarantees in Force	46	SIGNATURES		71
	Results of Operations	51				Results of Operations	51
	Liquidity and Capital Resources	56				Liquidity and Capital Resources	56
	Balance Sheet	58				Balance Sheet	58
	Variable Interest Entities	64				Variable Interest Entities	64
	Accounting Standards	64				Accounting Standards	64
	Ambac Assurance Statutory Basis Financial Results	64				Ambac Assurance Statutory Basis Financial Results	64
	Ambac Assurance UK Limited Financial Results Under UK Accounting Principles	64				Ambac Assurance UK Limited Financial Results Under UK Accounting Principles	65
	Non-GAAP Financial Measures	65				Non-GAAP Financial Measures	65

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Unaudited Financial Statements of Ambac Financial Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets


	March 31,			December 31,			March 31,			December 31,
(Dollars in thousands, except share data) (March 31, 2019 (Unaudited))	2019			2018
(Dollars in millions, except share data) (March 31, 2020 (Unaudited))							2020			2019
Assets:
Investments:
Fixed income securities, at fair value (amortized cost of $2,480,532 and $3,020,744)	$	2,619,811		$	3,115,675
Fixed income securities pledged as collateral, at fair value (amortized cost of $83,901 and $0)	83,901			—
Short-term investments, at fair value (amortized cost of $908,209 and $430,405)	908,235			430,331
Other investments (includes $387,045 and $351,049 at fair value)	428,556			391,217
Total investments	4,040,503			3,937,223
Fixed income securities, at fair value (amortized cost of $2,367 and $2,450)							$	2,367		$	2,577
Short-term investments pledged as collateral, at fair value (amortized cost of $85 and $85)							85			85
Short-term investments, at fair value (amortized cost of $586 and $653)							586			653
Other investments (includes $317 and $432 at fair value)							363			478
Total investments (net of allowance for credit losses of $0 at March 31, 2020)							3,400			3,792
Cash and cash equivalents	21,840			63,089			58			24
Restricted cash	—			19,405			31			55
Premium receivables	487,397			495,391
Premium receivables (net of allowance for credit losses of $14 at March 31, 2020)							403			416
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses	26,788			23,133			36			26
Deferred ceded premium	58,868			61,134			79			82
Subrogation recoverable	1,916,117			1,932,960			2,192			2,029
Derivative assets	76,400			59,468			88			75
Current taxes	42,830			47,040			16			11
Insurance intangible asset	689,255			718,931			406			427
Other assets	90,977			137,628			144			95
Variable interest entity assets:
Fixed income securities, at fair value	3,128,995			2,737,286			2,928			3,121
Restricted cash	3,254			999			2			2
Loans, at fair value	4,375,761			4,287,664			2,932			3,108
Derivative assets	59,228			66,302			62			52
Other assets	4,686			1,058			1			3
Total assets	$	15,022,899		$	14,588,711		$	12,777		$	13,320
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity:
Liabilities:
Unearned premiums	$	591,397		$	629,971		$	507		$	518
Loss and loss expense reserves	1,694,163			1,826,078			1,797			1,548
Ceded premiums payable	31,745			32,913			28			29
Deferred taxes	39,201			40,130			26			32
Long-term debt	2,929,227			2,928,929			2,760			2,822
Accrued interest payable	391,335			375,808			457			441
Derivative liabilities	86,534			76,699			137			90
Other liabilities	71,402			63,792			131			93
Variable interest entity liabilities:
Accrued interest payable	2,785			556			—			1
Long-term debt (includes $5,401,992 and $5,268,596 at fair value)	5,737,263			5,268,596
Long-term debt (includes $4,092 and $4,351 at fair value)							4,263			4,554
Derivative liabilities	1,781,903			1,712,062			1,610			1,657
Other liabilities	56			30
Total liabilities	13,357,011			12,955,564			11,716			11,783
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 12)
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 11)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share; 20,000,000 shares authorized shares; issued and outstanding shares—none	—			—			—			—
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 130,000,000 shares authorized; issued shares: 45,560,960 and 45,365,170	456			454
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 130,000,000 shares authorized; issued shares: 45,865,081 and 45,571,743							—			—
Additional paid-in capital	223,545			219,429			235			232
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	22,542			(48,715		)	(149		)	42
Retained earnings	1,376,244			1,421,302			917			1,203
Treasury stock, shares at cost: 40,419 and 28,892	(813		)	(473		)
Treasury stock, shares at cost: 86,058 and 16,343							(2		)	—
Total Ambac Financial Group, Inc. stockholders’ equity	1,621,974			1,591,997			1,002			1,477
Noncontrolling interest	43,914			41,150			60			60
Total stockholders’ equity	1,665,888			1,633,147			1,062			1,536
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	15,022,899		$	14,588,711		$	12,777		$	13,320

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 1 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Total Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)	2019			2018
(Dollars in millions, except share data)							2020			2019
Revenues:
Net premiums earned	$	27,758		$	30,883		$	10		$	28
Net investment income:
Securities available-for-sale and short-term	46,552			110,551
Other investments	8,290			(311		)
Total net investment income	54,842			110,240
Other-than-temporary impairment losses:
Total other-than-temporary impairment losses	(29		)	(341		)
Portion of other-than-temporary impairment recognized in other comprehensive income	—			42
Net other-than-temporary impairment losses recognized in earnings	(29		)	(299		)
Net investment income (loss)							(21		)	55
Net realized investment gains (losses)	17,233			4,862			8			17
Net gains (losses) on derivative contracts	(16,159		)	25,191			(70		)	(16		)
Net realized gains (losses) on extinguishment of debt	—			3,115
Other income (loss)	802			(509		)
Other income (expense)							—			1
Income (loss) on variable interest entities	15,921			574			3			16
Total revenues	100,368			174,057			(70		)	100
Expenses:
Losses and loss expenses (benefit)	12,407			(247,395		)	117			12
Insurance intangible amortization	36,278			28,636			13			36
Operating expenses	24,915			36,434			24			25
Interest expense	67,978			48,073			63			68
Total expenses	141,578			(134,252		)	217			142
Pre-tax income (loss)	(41,210		)	308,309			(287		)	(41		)
Provision for income taxes	1,991			2,605
Provision (benefit) for income taxes							(7		)	2
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	(43,201	)	$	305,704		$	(280	)	$	(43	)
Other comprehensive income (loss), after tax:
Net income (loss)	$	(43,201	)	$	305,704		$	(280	)	$	(43	)
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities, net of income tax provision (benefit) of $(598) and $(1,708)	56,163			122,304
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities, net of income tax provision (benefit) of $(0) and $(1)							(146		)	56
Gains (losses) on foreign currency translation, net of income tax provision (benefit) of $0 and $0	14,571			32,056			(46		)	15
Credit risk changes of fair value option liabilities, net of income tax provision (benefit) of $32 and $230	156			1,114
Credit risk changes of fair value option liabilities, net of income tax provision (benefit) of $1 and $0							3			—
Changes to postretirement benefit, net of income tax provision (benefit) of $0 and $0	367			(859		)	(2		)	—
Total other comprehensive income, net of income tax	71,257			154,615
Total comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders	$	28,056		$	460,319
Net income per share attributable to common stockholders:
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax							(191		)	71
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders							$	(470	)	$	28
Net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic	$	(0.94	)	$	6.72		$	(6.07	)	$	(0.94	)
Diluted	$	(0.94	)	$	6.70		$	(6.07	)	$	(0.94	)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic	45,832,297			45,471,083			46,060,324			45,832,297
Diluted	45,832,297			45,653,471			46,060,324			45,832,297

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 2 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

Ambac Financial Group, Inc.
(Dollars in thousands) Total Retained
Earnings Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) Preferred
Stock Common
Stock Additional Paid-in
Capital Common
Stock Held
in Treasury,
at Cost Noncontrolling
Interest
Balance at January 1, 2019 $ 1,633,147
$ 1,421,302
$ (48,715 ) $ —
$ 454
$ 219,429
$ (473 ) $ 41,150
Total comprehensive income 28,056
(43,201 ) 71,257
—
—
—
—
—
Stock-based compensation 4,116
—
—
—
—
4,116
—
—
Cost of shares (acquired) issued under equity plan (2,197 ) (1,857 ) —
—
—
—
(340 ) —
Issuance of common stock 2
—
—
—
2
—
—
—
Re-issuance of Ambac Assurance auction market preferred shares 2,764
—
—
—
—
—
—
2,764
Balance at March 31, 2019 $ 1,665,888
$ 1,376,244
$ 22,542
$ —
$ 456
$ 223,545
$ (813 ) $ 43,914

Balance at January 1, 2018 $ 1,645,258
$ 1,233,845
$ (52,239 ) $ —
$ 453
$ 199,560
$ (471 ) $ 264,110
Total comprehensive income 460,319
305,704
154,615
—
—
—
—
—
Adjustment to initially apply ASU 2016-01 —
2,900
(2,900 )
Stock-based compensation 4,612
—
—
—
—
4,612
—
—
Cost of shares (acquired) issued under equity plan (1,025 ) (985 ) —
—
—
—
(40 ) —
Issuance of common stock 1
—
—
—
1
—
—
—
Balance at March 31, 2018 $ 2,109,165
$ 1,541,464
$ 99,476
$ —
$ 454
$ 204,172
$ (511 ) $ 264,110



				Ambac Financial Group, Inc.
(Dollars in millions)	Total			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Common Stock Held in Treasury, at Cost			Noncontrolling Interest
Balance at January 1, 2020	$	1,536		$	1,203		$	42		$	—	$	—	$	232	$	—		$	60
Total comprehensive income (loss)	(470		)	(280		)	(191		)	—		—		—		—			—
Adjustment to initially apply ASU 2016-13	(4		)	(4		)	—			—		—		—		—			—
Stock-based compensation	3			—			—			—		—		3		—			—
Cost of shares (acquired) issued under equity plan	(3		)	(1		)	—			—		—		—		(1		)	—
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	1,062		$	917		$	(149	)	$	—	$	—	$	235	$	(2	)	$	60

Balance at January 1, 2019	$	1,633		$	1,421		$	(49	)	$	—	$	—	$	219	$	—		$	41
Total comprehensive income (loss)	28			(43		)	71			—		—		—		—			—
Stock-based compensation	4			—			—			—		—		4		—			—
Cost of shares (acquired) issued under equity plan	(2		)	(2		)	—			—		—		—		—			—
Re-issuance of Ambac Assurance auction market preferred shares	3			—			—			—		—		—		—			3
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	1,666		$	1,376		$	23		$	—	$	—	$	224	$	(1	)	$	44

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 3 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2019			2018
(Dollars in millions)							2020			2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	(43,201	)	$	305,704		$	(280	)	$	(43	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	159			181			—			—
Amortization of bond premium and discount	(11,846		)	(77,427		)	(4		)	(12		)
Share-based compensation	4,116			4,612			3			4
Deferred income taxes	(935		)	1,145			(6		)	(1		)
Current income taxes	4,232			(8,439		)	(5		)	4
Unearned premiums, net	(36,289		)	(18,329		)	(7		)	(36		)
Losses and loss expenses, net	(118,801		)	(1,371,840		)	77			(119		)
Ceded premiums payable	(1,168		)	(1,425		)	(1		)	(1		)
Premium receivables	7,979			5,601			13			8
Accrued interest payable	28,971			(63,126		)	23			29
Amortization of insurance intangible assets	36,278			28,636			13			36
Net mark-to-market (gains) losses	(382		)	452			2			—
Net realized investment gains	(17,233		)	(4,862		)	(8		)	(17		)
Other-than-temporary impairment charges	29			299
(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt	—			(3,115		)
Variable interest entity activities	(15,921		)	(574		)	(3		)	(16		)
Derivative assets and liabilities	12,305			438			32			12
Other, net	56,579			10,507			63			57
Net cash used in operating activities	(95,128		)	(1,191,562		)	(87		)	(95		)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of bonds	641,032			296,078			221			641
Proceeds from matured bonds	34,681			103,995			49			35
Purchases of bonds	(182,556		)	(77,469		)	(150		)	(183		)
Proceeds from sales of other invested assets	1,749			31,327			243			2
Purchases of other invested assets	(28,559		)	(11,758		)	(195		)	(29		)
Change in short-term investments	(477,910		)	236,262			67			(478		)
Change in cash collateral receivable	56,771			(979		)	(56		)	57
Proceeds from paydowns of consolidated VIE assets	67,172			79,917			66			67
Other, net	(225		)	(377		)	(1		)	—
Net cash provided by investing activities	112,155			656,996			244			112
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from issuance of Tier 2 notes	—			240,000
Paydowns of Ambac Note	(13,146		)	—
Paydowns of a secured borrowing	—			(8,797		)
Payments for extinguishment of surplus notes	—			(191,258		)
Payments for debt issuance costs	—			(9,221		)
Paydowns of Ambac note							(77		)	(13		)
Issuance of auction market preferred shares of Ambac Assurance	2,764			—			—			3
Tax payments related to shares withheld for share-based compensation plans	(2,198		)	(1,025		)	(3		)	(2		)
Payments of consolidated VIE liabilities	(63,022		)	(79,917		)	(66		)	(63		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(75,602		)	(50,218		)	(146		)	(76		)
Effect of foreign exchange on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	176			(278		)	—			—
Net cash flow	(58,399		)	(585,062		)	10			(58		)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	83,493			624,681			81			83
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	25,094		$	39,619		$	91		$	25

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 4 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Table of Contents

AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)

1. BACKGROUND AND BUSINESS DESCRIPTION

The following description provides an update of Note 1. Background and Business Description in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included Part II, Item 8 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December ~~2018,~~31, 2019, and should be read in conjunction with the complete descriptions provided in the Form 10-K. Capitalized terms used, but not defined herein, and in the other footnotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December ~~2018.~~31, 2019.

Ambac Financial Group, Inc. (“~~Ambac” or the “Company”~~AFG”), headquartered in New York City, is a financial services holding company incorporated in the state of Delaware on April 29, 1991. References to “Ambac,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us” are to AFG and its subsidiaries, as the context requires.

~~Ambac provides financial guarantee insurance policies through its principal operating~~AFG’s subsidiary, Ambac Assurance Corporation (“Ambac Assurance" or "AAC") and its ~~wholly owned~~ subsidiary, Ambac Assurance UK Limited (“Ambac UK”)., are both financial guarantee insurance companies in run-off. Insurance policies issued by Ambac Assurance and Ambac UK generally guarantee payment when due of the principal and interest on the obligations guaranteed. ~~Ambac Assurance also has another wholly-owned subsidiary, Everspan Financial Guarantee Corp., which has been in runoff since its acquisition in 1997.~~

Management reviews financial information, allocates resources and measures financial performance on a consolidated basis. As a result, the Company has a single reportable segment.

Strategies to Enhance Shareholder Value

~~Ambac’s~~The Company's primary goal is to maximize shareholder value through executing the following key strategies:

Active runoff of Ambac Assurance and its subsidiaries through transaction terminations, policy commutations, reinsurance, settlements and restructurings, with a focus on our watch list credits and known and potential future adversely classified credits, that we believe will improve our risk profile, and maximizing the risk-adjusted return on invested assets;

Ongoing rationalization of Ambac's ~~and its subsidiaries'~~ capital and liability structures;

Loss recovery through active litigation management and exercise of contractual and legal rights;

Ongoing review of the effectiveness and efficiency of Ambac's operating platform; and

Evaluation of opportunities in certain business sectors that meet acceptable criteria that will generate long-term stockholder value with attractive risk-adjusted returns.

With respect to our new business strategy, we ~~have identified certain business sectors adjacent~~continue to ~~Ambac's core business in which opportunities are being evaluated. We are actively evaluating~~evaluate and pursue strategic opportunities in credit, insurance, asset management and other financial services that we believe ~~are~~would be synergistic to Ambac and would leverage our core competencies. ~~We are being~~While we have increased our efforts in evaluating such potential opportunities, we continue to be measured and disciplined in our approach as we ~~consider and pursue~~

~~opportunities~~seek to deploy our capital ~~with the goal of creating~~on opportunities that will

generate sustainable long-term shareholder value. Although we are exploring new business opportunities for ~~Ambac,~~AFG, no assurance can be given that we will be able to identify or execute a suitable transaction and/or obtain the financial and other resources that may be required to finance the acquisition or ~~development of~~develop any new businesses or assets.

~~The execution~~ As a consequence of ~~Ambac’s objective to increase~~ the ~~value of its investment in Ambac Assurance is subject~~coronavirus disease 2019 ("COVID-19") pandemic, risks associated with our new businesses strategy have increased given uncertainties related to the ~~rights of~~resulting global recession, increase in business risk in our target sectors and disruption to the Office of the Commissioner of Insurance for the State of Wisconsin (“OCI”) under the Stipulation and Order, which requires OCI to approve certain actions taken by or in respect of Ambac Assurance, as well as restrictions in the Settlement Agreement and in the indenture for the Tier 2 Notes. Opportunities for remediating losses on poorly performing insured transactions also depend on market conditions, including the perception of Ambac Assurance’s and its subsidiaries' creditworthiness, the structure of the underlying risk and associated policy as well as other counterparty specific factors. Decisions by OCI could impair Ambac’s ability to execute certain of its strategies. Ambac Assurance's ability to commute policies or purchase certain investments may also be limited by available liquidity.capital markets. Due to these factors, as well as uncertainties relating to the ability of Ambac Assurance to deliver value to Ambac, the value of our securities remains speculative.

The execution of AFG’s strategy to extract and increase the value of its investment in Ambac Assurance is subject to the restrictions set forth in the Settlement Agreement, dated as of June 7, 2010 (the "Settlement Agreement"), by and among Ambac Assurance, Ambac Credit Products LLC ("ACP"), AFG and certain counterparties to credit default swaps with ACP that were guaranteed by Ambac Assurance, as well as the Stipulation and Order and in the indenture for the Tier 2 Notes, each of which requires the Office of the Commissioner of Insurance for the State of Wisconsin (“OCI”) and, under certain circumstances, holders of the debt instruments benefiting from such restrictions, to approve certain actions taken by or in respect of Ambac Assurance. In exercising its approval rights, OCI will act for the benefit of policyholders, and will not take into account the interests of AFG. AFG's strategy to extract and increase the value of its investment in Ambac Assurance is also subject to significantly more risk and uncertainty due to the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy, issuers of debt insured by Ambac, and issuers of debt and other investments owned by Ambac. These consequences may include material losses in Ambac's insured and investment portfolio, higher earnings volatility, increased liquidity demands and greater counterparty risk.

Opportunities for remediating losses on poorly performing insured transactions also depend on market conditions, including the perception of Ambac Assurance’s creditworthiness, the structure of the underlying risk and associated policy as well as other counterparty specific factors. Ambac Assurance's ability to commute policies or purchase certain investments may also be limited by available liquidity.

2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Company has disclosed its significant accounting policies in Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. The following significant accounting policies provide an update to those included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Consolidation:

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ~~Ambac~~AFG and all other entities in which ~~Ambac~~AFG (directly or through its subsidiaries) has a controlling financial interest, including variable

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 52020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

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AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in Millions, Except Share Amounts)

interest entities (“VIEs”) for which ~~Ambac~~AFG or an ~~Ambac~~AFG subsidiary is deemed the primary beneficiary in accordance with the Consolidation Topic of the Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC"). All significant intercompany balances have been eliminated. The usual condition for a controlling financial interest is ownership of a majority of the voting interests of an entity. However, a controlling financial interest may also exist in entities, such as VIEs, through arrangements that do not involve controlling voting interests. A VIE is an entity: a) that lacks enough equity investment at risk to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties; or b) where the group of equity holders does not have: (1) the power, through voting rights or similar rights, to direct the activities of an entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance; (2) the obligation to absorb the entity’s expected losses; or (3) the right to receive the entity’s expected residual returns. The determination of whether a variable interest holder is the primary beneficiary involves performing a qualitative analysis

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 5~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(Dollar Amounts in Thousands, Except Share Amounts)~~

of the VIE that includes, among other factors, its capital structure, contractual terms including the rights of each variable interest holder, the activities of the VIE, whether the variable interest holder has the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, whether the variable interest holder has the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE, related party relationships and the design of the VIE. An entity that is deemed the primary beneficiary of a VIE is required to consolidate the VIE. See Note 3. Variable Interest Entities, for a detailed discussion of Ambac’s involvement in VIEs, Ambac’s methodology for determining whether Ambac is required to consolidate a VIE and the effects of VIEs being consolidated and deconsolidated.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial reporting and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for annual periods. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have not been audited by an independent registered public accounting firm in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting

Oversight Board (U.S.), but in the opinion of management such financial statements include all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 may not be indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, ~~2019.~~2020. The December 31, ~~2018~~2019 consolidated balance sheet was derived from audited financial statements.

The election to use the fair value option is made on an instrument by instrument based under ASC 825-10. At December 31, 2018, all VIE invested assets and long-term debt were reported under the fair value option as disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, Ambac consolidated a new VIE that holds investments in fixed income securities that management has classified as available-for-sale under the Investments - Debt Securities Topic of the ASC. Long-term debt of the newly consolidated VIE is carried at par value less

~~unamortized discount. See~~ ~~Note 3. Variable Interest Entities, for further discussion of the accounting elections used and the presentation of VIEs in these unaudited consolidated financial statements.~~

The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. As additional information becomes available or actual amounts become determinable, the recorded estimates are revised and reflected in operating results.

~~Certain amounts in the condensed consolidated financial statements and associated notes may not add due to rounding.~~

Foreign Currency:

Financial statement accounts expressed in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars in accordance with the Foreign Currency Matters Topic of the ASC. The functional currencies of ~~Ambac's~~AFG's subsidiaries are the local currencies of the country where the respective subsidiaries are based, which are also the primary operating environments in which the subsidiaries operate.

Foreign currency translation: Functional currency assets and liabilities of ~~Ambac’s~~AFG’s foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet dates and the related translation adjustments, net of deferred taxes, are included as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Stockholders' Equity. Functional currency operating results of foreign subsidiaries are translated using average exchange rates.

Foreign currency transactions: The impact of non-functional currency transactions and the remeasurement of non-functional currency assets and liabilities into the respective subsidiaries' functional currency (collectively "foreign currency transactions gains/(losses)") are ~~$1,960~~$1 and ~~$5,014~~$2 for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018, of which $5,583 and $11,012 relate to the remeasurement of loss reserves, classified in Loss and loss expenses,~~2019, respectively. Foreign currency transactions gains/(losses) are primarily the result of remeasuring Ambac UK's assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than its functional currency, primarily the U.S. dollar and the Euro.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 6 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

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AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)


Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information	Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018		2020		2019
Cash paid during the period for:
Income taxes	$	852	$	9,718	$	2	$	1
Interest on long-term debt	37,850		100,958		31		38
Non-cash financing activities:
Exchange of investments in Puerto Rico COFINA bonds for new bonds issued in the Plan of Adjustment	$	510,215	$	—	$	—	$	510
Rehabilitation exit transaction discharge of all Deferred Amounts and cancellation of certain General Account Surplus Notes	—		1,918,561

					March 31,
					2020		2019
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	21,840	$	38,485	$	58	$	22
Restricted cash					31		—
Variable Interest Entity Restricted cash	3,254		1,134		2		3
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	$	25,094	$	39,619	$	91	$	25

~~Reclassifications:~~Reclassifications and Rounding

Reclassifications may have been made to prior years' amounts to conform to the current year's presentation. Certain amounts and tables in the consolidated financial statements and associated notes may not add due to rounding.

~~Recently~~ Adopted Accounting Standards:

Effective January 1, ~~2019, Ambac~~2020, the Company adopted the following accounting standards:

~~Equity-linked~~Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ~~with Down Round Features~~(CECL)

In ~~July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11,~~ ~~Earnings Per Share (Topic 260) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) - Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features~~. Equity-linked instruments, such as warrants and convertible instruments may contain down round features that result in the strike price being reduced on the basis of the pricing of future equity offerings. Under the ASU, a down round feature will no longer require a freestanding equity-linked instrument (or embedded conversion option) to be classified as a liability that is remeasured at fair value through the income statement (i.e. marked-to-market). However, other features of the equity-linked instrument (or embedded conversion option) must still be evaluated to determine whether liability or equity classification is appropriate. Equity classified instruments are not marked-to-market. For earnings per share ("EPS") reporting, the ASU requires companies to recognize the effect of the down round feature only when it is triggered by treating it as a dividend and as a reduction of income available to common stockholders in basic EPS. Adoption of this ASU did not impact Ambac's financial statements.

~~Premium Amortization on Callable Debt Securities~~

~~In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08,~~ ~~Receivables-Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20) - Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities~~. The ASU shortens the amortization period for the premium on callable debt securities to the earliest call date. Under previous GAAP, a reporting entity generally amortized the premium as a yield adjustment over the contractual life (i.e. maturity) of the debt security and if that debt security is called, the entity would record a loss equal to the unamortized premium. The ASU does not change the accounting for callable debt securities held at a discount, which will continue to be amortized to maturity. Adoption of this ASU did not have a consequential impact on Ambac's financial statements.

~~Leases~~

~~In February~~June 2016, the FASB issued ASU ~~2016-02,~~2016-13, ~~Leases~~Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic ~~842)~~326) - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, ~~. This ASU was~~ subsequently amended by ASU ~~2018-01,~~ 2018-19~~Land Easement Practical Expedient;~~, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses; ASU ~~2018-10,~~2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments; ASU 2019-05, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief; and ASU 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic ~~842;~~326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (collectively the Current Expected Credit Loss standard or "CECL")

The new CECL standard affects how reporting entities measure credit losses for financial assets that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. For Ambac, these financial assets include available-for-sale debt securities, premium receivables, reinsurance recoverables, and loans. CECL does not apply to recoveries of previously paid losses on financial guarantee insurance contracts accounted for under ASC 944 nor does it apply to equity method investments accounted for under ASC 323.

For available-for-sale debt securities, the updated guidance was applied prospectively and for financial instruments measured at amortized cost, the updated guidance was applied by a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at January 1, 2020. This adjustment was not material to retained earnings or any individual balance sheet line item.

As a result of adopting CECL, management revised its policies and procedures around the credit impairment evaluation process. CECL also introduced new disclosures related to the credit impairment process, including certain accounting policy elections that Ambac made under the the new standard. Enhanced disclosures related to accounting policies for each type of asset impacted by CECL are discussed below. The disclosures below should be read in conjunction with disclosures in ~~ASU 2018-11~~Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, ~~Targeted Improvements;~~ ~~ASU 2018-20,~~ ~~Narrow-Scope Improvements for Lessors;~~ ~~and ASU 2019-01, Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements~~ ~~(collectively the "New Lease Standard")~~.Note 6. Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts ~~The primary difference between previous U.S. GAAP~~ and Note 8. Investments in the ~~New Lease Standard is~~Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Available-for-Sale Securities

For available-for-sale debt securities, credit losses under CECL are measured similarly to other-than-temporary impairments under prior GAAP. However, under CECL, the recognition of ~~lease assets and lease liabilities~~credit losses for ~~those leases classified~~available-for-sale debt securities will be recorded as ~~operating leases~~an allowance for credit losses with an offsetting charge to net income, rather than as a ~~term longer than 12 months. For those operating leases, a lessee is required to: 1) recognize a right-of-use asset ("ROU") and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value~~direct write-down of the ~~lease payments,~~security as was required under prior GAAP. As a result, improvements to estimated credit losses for available-for-sale debt securities will be recognized immediately in net income rather than as interest income over time. Furthermore, as required under CECL, Ambac no longer considers the length of time a security has continuously been in an unrealized loss in the credit impairment process.

Ambac has made certain accounting policy elections related to accrued interest receivable ("AIR") for available-for-sale investments under CECL, which are consistent with past practices under prior GAAP. Elections include: i) not measuring AIR for credit impairment, instead AIR is written off when it becomes 90 days past due; ii) writing off AIR by reversing interest income; iii) presenting AIR separately in Other Assets on the balance sheet ~~2) recognize a single lease~~and iv) excluding AIR from amortized cost ~~calculated so that the cost is allocated over the lease term generally on a straight-line basis and 3) classify all cash payment within operating activities~~balances in ~~the statement of cash flows. For leases classified as finance leases under the New Lease Standard, the balance sheet presentation and expense recognition pattern is similar~~required CECL disclosures found in Note 8. Investments. AIR at March 31, 2020 was $12.

Refer to ~~capital leases under current GAAP.~~

Under the transition guidance, a reporting entity must use a modified retrospective approach and may choose to initially apply the New Lease Standard either at (1) the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented, which is January 1, 2017 or (2) its effective date, which is January 1, 2019 . If a reporting entity chooses the first option it must recast its comparative period financial statements and provide disclosuresNote 8. Investments for those comparative periods. Ambac chose the second option and initially applied the New Lease Standard on January 1, 2019. Consequently financial information and disclosures were not provided for dates and periods prior to January 1, 2019.

There are a number of optional practical expedients that were elected at transition. We elected the ‘package of practical expedients’, which permitted us not to reassess under the new standard our prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. We also elected the hindsight practical expedient allowing us to use the benefit of hindsight in determining the probability of exercising any lessee options to extend or terminate the lease, or purchase the underlying asset. We did not use the practical expedient pertaining to land easements as it was not applicable to Ambac.further credit impairment disclosures.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 7 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

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AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)

~~The new New Lease Standard did not have a material effect on our~~Amortized cost assets

For financial ~~statements. The most significant effects related to (1)~~assets measured at amortized cost, CECL replaces the "incurred loss" model used for certain types of assets which generally delayed recognition of ~~new ROU~~the full amount of credit losses until the loss was probable of occurring, with an "expected loss" model, which reflects an entity's current estimate of all expected lifetime credit losses. The estimate of expected lifetime credit losses should consider historical information, current information, as well as reasonable and supportable forecasts. Expected lifetime credit losses for amortized cost assets ~~and lease liabilities on our balance sheet~~will be recorded as an allowance for ~~our office and equipment operating leases of approximately $15,000 at transition and (2) providing significant new disclosures about our leasing activities.~~credit losses, with subsequent increases or decreases in the allowance reflected in net income each period. The CECL measurement approach for Ambac's affected asset types were not materially different than the approaches under prior GAAP. Refer to the discussion below for each asset type.

~~See~~Premium receivables.For financial guarantee contracts, the receipt of premiums and payment of policy losses are both dependent on the issuer of the insured obligation's ability and willingness to pay. As such, management leverages its existing loss reserve estimation process to evaluate credit impairment for premium receivables. Key factors in assessing credit impairment include historical premium collection data, internal risk classifications, credit ratings and loss severities. For structured finance transactions involving special purpose entities, we further evaluate the priority of premiums paid to Ambac within the contractual waterfall, as required by bond indentures.

Management utilizes either a discounted cash flow ("DCF") or probability of default/loss given default ("PD/LGD") approach to estimate credit impairment. The DCF approach utilizes expected cash flows developed by Ambac's Risk Management Group using the same (or similar) models used for estimating loss reserves where such models can identify shortfalls in premiums. Credit impairment using the DCF approach is equal to the difference between amortized cost and the present value of expected cash flows. Credit impairment under the PD/LGD approach is the product of (i) the premium receivable carrying value, (ii) internally developed default probability (considering internal ratings and average life), and (iii) internally developed loss severities.

Refer to Note ~~11. Leases~~6. Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts for further ~~information.~~credit impairment disclosures.

~~Future Application~~Loans. The key factors in assessing credit impairment for loans are internal credit ratings and loss severities. Management utilizes a PD/LGD approach, similar to the one described above for premium receivables, which is applied to the loan carrying value.

Reinsurance recoverables. Ambac has elected the to use the practical expedient of ~~Accounting Standards:~~considering the fair value of collateral posted by reinsurers when evaluating credit impairment. To determine the total unsecured recoverable to be evaluated for impairment, Ambac nets the reinsurance recoverable amount by ceded premiums payable and the fair value of collateral posted, if any.

The key factors in assessing credit impairment for reinsurance recoverables are independent rating agency credit ratings and loss severities. Management utilizes a PD/LGD approach, similar to the one described above for premium receivables, which is applied to the net unsecured reinsurance recoverable amount.

Refer to Note 6. Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts for further credit impairment disclosures.

Fair Value Measurement Disclosures

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The ASU modified various disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. Relevant disclosures that were removed, modified and added are as follows:


•	Removals: 1) Amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, 2) Policy for timing of transfers between levels, and 3) Valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements.

•

Modifications: 1) For investments in certain entities that calculate net asset value, disclosures are required for the timing of liquidation of an investee's assets and the date when restrictions from redemption might lapse, only if the investee has communicated the timing to the reporting entity or publicly announced it and 2) Clarification that the measurement uncertainty disclosure is to communicate information about the uncertainty in measurement as of the reporting date and not possible future changes.

•

Additions: 1) Changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period and 2) Range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. Alternatively, an entity may disclose other quantitative information (such as the median or arithmetic average) if it determines that it is a more reasonable and rational method to reflect the distribution of unobservable inputs used.

Disclosure amendments related to changes in unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income (loss) for Level 3 instruments, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty were applied prospectively only for the most recent interim or annual period presented. All other disclosure amendments were applied retrospectively to all periods presented.

Refer to Note 7. Fair Value Measurements for further disclosures.

VIE Related Party Guidance

In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-17, Consolidation (Topic 810) - Targeted Improvements to Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities. To determine whether a decision-making fee is a variable interest, under the new guidance a reporting entity must consider indirect interests held through related parties under common control on a proportional basis rather than as a direct interest in its entirety (as ~~currently~~was previously required inunder prior GAAP). These amendments create alignment between determining whether a decision making fee is a variable interest and determining whether a reporting entity within a related party group is the primary beneficiary of a VIE. ~~ASU 2018-17 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. Ambac will adopt~~Adoption of this ASU ~~on January 1, 2020. The ASU is~~did not ~~expected to have a consequential~~ impact on Ambac's financial statements.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 82020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

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AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in Millions, Except Share Amounts)

Cloud Computing Arrangement Service Contracts

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other— Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) - Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract. The new guidance requires a customer in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract to capitalize certain implementation costs as if the arrangement was an internal-use software project. The internal-use software guidance requires the capitalization of certain costs incurred only during the application development ~~stage (e.g., costs of integration with on-premises software, coding, configuration, customization).~~stage. That guidance also requires entities to expense costs during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages ~~(e.g., costs of project planning, training, maintenance after implementation, data conversion)~~ as they are incurred. Adoption of this ASU ~~2018-15 is effective~~did not impact Ambac's financial statements.

Future Application of Accounting Standards:

Reference Rate Reform

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The ASU provides companies with optional guidance to ease the potential accounting burden related to transitioning away from reference rates, such as LIBOR, that are expected to be discontinued as a result of initiatives undertaken by various jurisdictions around the world. For example, under current GAAP, contract modifications which change a reference rate are required to be evaluated in determining whether the modifications result in the establishment of new contracts or the continuation of existing contracts. The amendments in this ASU provide optional expedients and exceptions for ~~fiscal years,~~applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The ASU can be applied prospectively as of the beginning of the interim ~~periods within those fiscal years, beginning~~period that includes March 12, 2020 (January 1, 2020 for calendar year companies) or any date thereafter, but does not apply to contract modifications and other transactions entered into or evaluated after December ~~15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The ASU may be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. Ambac~~31, 2022. Management has not determined if and when it will adopt this ASU, ~~on January 1, 2020. The ASU is not expected to have a consequential~~and the impact on Ambac's financial ~~statements.~~

~~Defined Benefit and Other Postretirement Plans Disclosures~~

~~In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14,~~ ~~Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Subtopic 715-20) - Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans~~. The ASU modifies various disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. Relevant disclosures that will be removed are: i) amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized as net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year, and ii) the effects of a one percentage point

change in assumed health care cost trend rates on the (a) aggregate of the service and interest cost components of the net periodic pension cost and (b) benefit obligation for postretirement healthcare benefits. Relevant disclosures that will be added are an explanation of the reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligations for the period. ASU 2018-14statements is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The modified disclosures must be applied on a retrospective basis for all periods presented. Ambac has not determined whether it will early adopt this ASU. The ASU is not expected to have a consequential impact on Ambac's financial statements.

~~Fair Value Measurement Disclosures~~

~~In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13,~~ ~~Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The ASU modifies various disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. Relevant disclosures that will be removed, modified and added are as follows:~~


•	~~Removals:~~ 1) Amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, 2) Policy for timing of transfers between levels, and 3) Valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements.

•

~~Modifications:~~ 1) For investments in certain entities that calculate net asset value, disclosures are only required for the timing of liquidation of an investee's assets and the date when restrictions from redemption might lapse, only if the investee has communicated the timing to the reporting entity or publicly announced it, and 2) Clarification that the measurement uncertainty disclosure is to communicate information about the uncertainty in measurement as of the reporting date and not possible future changes.

•

~~Additions~~: 1) Changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period and 2) Range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. Alternatively, an entity may disclose other quantitative information (such as the median or arithmetic average) if it determines that it is a more reasonable and rational method to reflect the distribution of unobservable inputs used.

ASU 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. Disclosure amendments related to changes in unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income for Level 3 instruments, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively only for the most recent interim or annual period presented. All other disclosure amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. Ambac has not determined whether it will early adopt this ASU. The ASU is not expected to have a consequential impact on Ambac's financial statements.

~~Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments~~

~~In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13,~~ ~~Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) - Measurement of Credit~~

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 8~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(Dollar Amounts in Thousands, Except Share Amounts)~~

~~Losses on Financial Instruments,~~ ~~subsequently amended by ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses~~ This ASU significantly affects how reporting entities will measure credit losses for financial assets that are not accounted for at fair value through net income, which include loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, and certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. For financial assets measured at amortized cost, the ASU replaces the "incurred loss" model, which generally delayed recognition of the full amount of credit losses until the loss was probable of occurring, with an "expected loss" model, which reflects an entity's current estimate of all expected credit losses. Expected credit losses for amortized cost assets will be recorded as a valuation allowance, with subsequent increases or decreases in the allowance reflected in the income statement each period. For available-for-sale debt securities, credit losses under the ASU will be measured similarly to current GAAP. However, under the ASU, credit losses for available-for-sale debt securities will be recorded as a valuation allowance (similar to the amortized cost assets approach described above), rather than as a direct write-down of the security as is required under current GAAP. As a result, improvements to estimated credit losses for available-for-sale debt securities will be recognized immediately in the income statement rather than as interest income over time. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. Ambac will adopt this ASU on January 1, 2020 and we are currently evaluating its impact on Ambac's financial statements. The significant implementation matters to be addressed include identifying the inventory of financial assets that will be affected by this standard, identifying new data requirements and data sources for implementing the expected loss model for those instruments not already using this model and identifying and documenting accounting process changes, including related controls.being evaluated.

3. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

Ambac, with its subsidiaries, has engaged in transactions with variable interest entities ("VIEs,") in various capacities.

Ambac ~~most commonly~~ provides financial guarantees, including credit derivative contracts, for various debt obligations issued by special purpose entities, including VIEs ("FG VIEs");

Ambac sponsors special purpose entities that issued notes to investors for various purposes; and

Ambac is an investor in collateralized debt obligations, mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities issued by VIEs and its ownership interest is generally insignificant to the VIE and/or Ambac does not have rights that direct the activities that are most significant to such VIE.

FG VIEs:

Ambac’s subsidiaries provide financial guarantees in respect of assets held or debt obligations of VIEs. Ambac’s primary variable interest exists through this financial guarantee insurance or credit

derivative contract. The transaction structures provide certain financial protection to Ambac. Generally, upon deterioration in the performance of a transaction or upon an event of default as specified in the transaction legal documents, Ambac will obtain certain

control rights that enable Ambac to remediate losses. These rights may enable Ambac to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance. Under a 2018 Stipulation and Order, the OCI requires Ambac Assurance to obtain their approval with respect to the exercise of certain significant control rights in connection with policies that had previously been allocated to the Segregated Account. Accordingly, Ambac Assurance does not have the right to direct the most significant activities of those FG VIEs.

We determined that Ambac’s subsidiaries generally have the obligation to absorb a FG VIE's expected losses given that they have issued financial guarantees supporting certain liabilities (and in some cases certain assets). As further described below, Ambac consolidates certain FG VIEs in cases where we also have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance due to one or more of the following: (i) the transaction experiencing deterioration and breaching performance triggers, giving Ambac the ability to exercise certain control rights, (ii) Ambac being involved in the design of the VIE and receiving control rights from its inception, such as may occur from loss remediation activities, or (iii) the transaction not experiencing deterioration, however due to the passive nature of the VIE, Ambac's contingent control rights upon a future breach of performance triggers is considered to be the power over the most significant activity. FG VIEs which are consolidated may include non-recourse assets or liabilities. FG VIEs' liabilities (and in some cases assets) that are insured by the Company are with recourse, because the Company guarantees the payment of principal and interest . FG VIEs' assets and liabilities that are not insured by the Company are without recourse, because Ambac has not issued a financial guarantee and is under no obligation for the payment of principal and interest of these instruments. The Company’s exposure to consolidated FG VIEs is limited to the financial guarantees issued for recourse assets and liabilities and any additional variable interests held by Ambac.

A VIE is deconsolidated in the period that Ambac no longer has such control rights, which could occur in connection with the execution of remediation activities on the transaction or amortization of insured exposure, either of which may reduce the degree of Ambac’s control over a VIE.

Assets and liabilities of FG VIEs that are consolidated are reported within Variable interest entity assets or Variable interest entity liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The election to use the fair value option is made on an instrument by instrument basis. Ambac has elected the fair value option for consolidated FG VIE financial assets and financial liabilities, except in cases where Ambac was involved in the design of the VIE and was granted control rights at its inception.

◦

When the fair value option is elected, changes in the fair value of the FG VIE's financial assets and liabilities are reported within Income (loss) on variable interest entities in the Consolidated Statements of Total Comprehensive Income (Loss), except for the portion of the total change in fair value of financial liabilities caused by changes in the instrument-specific credit risk which is presented separately in Other comprehensive income (loss).


◦	In cases where the fair value option has not been elected, the FG VIE's invested assets are fixed income securities and are considered available-for-sale as defined by the Investments - Debt Securities Topic of the ASC. These assets are reported in the financial statements at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reflected in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Stockholders' Equity.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 9 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

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AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)

~~financial statements at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reflected in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Stockholders' Equity.~~ The financial liabilities of these FG VIEs consist of long term debt obligations and are carried at par less unamortized discount. Income from the FG VIE's available-for-sale securities (including investment income, realized gains and losses and ~~other-than -temporary~~credit impairments as applicable) and interest expense on long term debt are reported within Income (loss) on variable interest entities in the Consolidated Statements of Total Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Upon initial consolidation of a FG VIE, Ambac recognizes a gain or loss in earnings for the difference between: (i) the fair value of the consideration paid, the fair value of any non-controlling interests and the reported amount of any previously held interests and (ii) the net amount, as measured on a fair value basis, of the assets and liabilities consolidated. Upon deconsolidation of a FG VIE, we recognize a gain or loss for the difference between: (i) the fair value of any consideration received, the fair value of any retained non-controlling investment in the VIE and the carrying amount of any non-controlling interest in the VIE and (ii) the carrying amount of the VIE’s assets and liabilities. Gains or losses from consolidation and deconsolidation that are reported in earnings are reported within Income (loss) on variable interest entities on the Consolidated Statements of Total Comprehensive Income (Loss).

The impact of consolidating such FG VIEs on Ambac’s balance sheet is the elimination of transactions between the consolidated FG VIEs and Ambac’s operating subsidiaries and the inclusion of the FG VIE’s third party assets and liabilities. For a financial guarantee insurance policy issued to a consolidated VIE, Ambac does not reflect the financial guarantee insurance policy in accordance with the related insurance accounting rules under the Financial Services –

Insurance Topic of the ASC. Consequently, upon

consolidation, Ambac eliminates the insurance assets and liabilities associated with the policy from the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Such insurance assets and liabilities may include premium receivables, reinsurance recoverable, deferred ceded premium, subrogation recoverable, unearned premiums, loss and loss expense reserves, ceded premiums payable and insurance intangible assets. For investment securities owned by Ambac that are debt instruments issued by the VIE, the investment securities balance is eliminated upon consolidation.

~~In connection with the exit from rehabilitation of the Segregated Account, as further described~~FG VIEs which are consolidated may include non-recourse assets or liabilities. FG VIEs' liabilities (and in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, Ambac evaluated the consolidation of certain VIEs. Under the Stipulation and Order, the OCI retained the authority requiring Ambac Assurance to obtain their approval with respect to the exercise of certain control rights in connection with policiessome cases assets) that ~~had previously been allocated to the Segregated Account. Accordingly, Ambac did not consolidate any additional VIEs as a result of the Segregated Account's exit from rehabilitation.~~

~~Ambac is not primarily liable for, and generally does not guarantee all of the debt obligations issued~~are insured by the ~~VIEs. Ambac would only be required to make payments on~~Company are with recourse, because the ~~VIE debt obligations~~Company guarantees the payment of principal and interest in the event ~~that~~ the issuer defaults. FG VIEs' assets and liabilities that are not insured by the Company are without recourse, because Ambac has not issued a financial guarantee and is under no obligation for the payment of ~~such debt obligations defaults on~~principal and interest of these instruments. Therefore, the Company’s exposure to consolidated FG VIEs is limited to the financial guarantees issued for recourse assets and liabilities and any ~~principal or interest due and such obligation is guaranteed~~additional variable interests held by Ambac. Additionally, Ambac’s general creditors, other than those specific policy holders which own the VIE debt obligations, do not have rights with regard to the assets of the VIEs. Ambac evaluates the net income effects and earnings per share effects to determine attributions between Ambac and non-controlling interests as a result of consolidating a VIE. Ambac has determined that the net income and earnings per share effect of consolidated FG VIEs are attributable to Ambac’s interests through financial guarantee premium and loss payments with the VIE.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 10 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

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AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)

The following table summarizes the carrying values of assets and liabilities, along with other supplemental information related to VIEs that are consolidated as a result of financial guarantees of Ambac UK and Ambac Assurance:


	March 31, 2019						December 31, 2018						March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Ambac UK		Ambac Assurance		Total VIEs		Ambac UK		Ambac Assurance		Total VIEs		Ambac UK		Ambac Assurance		Total VIEs		Ambac UK		Ambac Assurance		Total VIEs
Fixed income securities, at fair value:
Corporate obligations, fair value option	$	2,858,404	$	—	$	2,858,404	$	2,737,286	$	—	$	2,737,286	$	2,806	$	—	$	2,806	$	2,957	$	—	$	2,957
Municipal obligations, available-for-sale ⁽¹⁾	—		270,591		270,591		—		—		—		—		122		122		—		164		164
Total FG VIE fixed income securities, at fair value	2,858,404		270,591		3,128,995		2,737,286		—		2,737,286		2,806		122		2,928		2,957		164		3,121
Restricted cash	1,056		2,198		3,254		999		—		999		1		1		2		1		1		2
Loans, at fair value ⁽²⁾	4,375,761		—		4,375,761		4,287,664		—		4,287,664		2,932		—		2,932		3,108		—		3,108
Derivative assets	59,228		—		59,228		66,302		—		66,302		62		—		62		52		—		52
Other assets	3,320		1,366		4,686		1,058		—		1,058		—		1		1		1		2		3
Total FG VIE assets	$	7,297,769	$	274,155	$	7,571,924	$	7,093,309	$	—	$	7,093,309	$	5,801	$	124	$	5,925	$	6,119	$	167	$	6,286

Accrued interest payable	$	2,785	$	—	$	2,785	$	556	$	—	$	556	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	1
Long-term debt:
Long-term debt, at fair value ⁽³⁾	5,401,992		—		5,401,992		5,268,596		—		5,268,596		4,092		—		4,092		4,351		—		4,351
Long-term debt, at par less unamortized discount	—		335,271		335,271		—		—		—		—		171		171		—		203		203
Total long-term debt	5,401,992		335,271		5,737,263		5,268,596		—		5,268,596		4,092		171		4,263		4,351		203		4,554
Derivative liabilities	1,781,903		—		1,781,903		1,712,062		—		1,712,062		1,610		—		1,610		1,657		—		1,657
Other liabilities	56		—		56		30		—		30
Total FG VIE liabilities	$	7,186,736	$	335,271	$	7,522,007	$	6,981,244	$	—	$	6,981,244	$	5,702	$	171	$	5,873	$	6,009	$	203	$	6,212
Number of FG VIEs consolidated	7		1		8		7		—		7		6		1		7		6		1		7

(1)

Available-for-sale FG VIE fixed income securities consist of municipal obligations with an amortized cost basis of ~~$259,474~~$116 and $139, and aggregate gross unrealized gains and (losses) of ~~$11,117~~ $6and ~~$(0), respectively~~$25 at March 31, ~~2019.~~2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. All such securities had contractual maturities due after ten years as of March 31, ~~2019.~~2020.


(2)	The unpaid principal balances of loan assets carried at fair value were ~~$3,432,240~~$2,439 as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~$3,402,413~~$2,618 as of December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.


(3)	The unpaid principal balances of long-term debt carried at fair value were ~~$4,605,291~~$3,550 as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~$4,552,643~~$3,800 as of December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

The following schedule details the components of Income (loss) on variable interest entities for the affected periods:


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018			2020			2019
Net change in fair value of VIE assets and liabilities reported under the fair value option	$	1,836		$	1,918		$	—		$	2
Less: Credit risk changes of fair value option long-term debt reported through other comprehensive income	(171		)	(1,344		)
Less: Credit risk changes of fair value option long-term debt reported through other comprehensive income (loss)							(4		)	—
Net change in fair value of VIE assets and liabilities reported in earnings	1,665			574			(4		)	2
Investment income on available-for-sale securities	1,859			—			2			2
Net realized investment gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities							8			—
Interest expense on long-term debt carried at par less unamortized cost	(2,356		)	—			(2		)	(2		)
Other expenses	(111		)	—			—			—
Gain (loss) from consolidating FG VIEs	14,864			—			—			15
Income (loss) on Variable Interest Entities	$	15,921		$	574
Income (loss) on variable interest entities							$	3		$	16

As further discussed in Note ~~3. Variable Interest Entities~~7. Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts~~, effective~~ in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included Part II, Item 8 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, on February 12, 2019, in connection with the COFINA POA, the COFINA Class 2 Trust was established. Ambac was required to consolidate ~~one VIE~~the COFINA Class 2 Trust, which resulted in a gain of ~~$14,864.~~$15. The 2019 balance sheet impact of this additional VIE on the date of consolidation was an increase to total consolidated assets and liabilities by ~~$292,003~~$292 and ~~$363,628 in 2019,~~$364, respectively. Ambac did not consolidate any VIE for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Ambac also deconsolidated no0 VIE for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and 0 VIEs for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019 and 2018.~~2019.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 11 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

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AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)

The following table displays the carrying amount of the assets, liabilities and maximum exposure to loss of Ambac’s variable interests in non-consolidated VIEs resulting from financial guarantee and derivative contracts by major underlying asset classes, as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018:~~2019:


	Carrying Value of Assets and Liabilities									Carrying Value of Assets and Liabilities
	Maximum Exposure To Loss ⁽¹⁾		Insurance Assets ⁽²⁾		Insurance Liabilities ⁽³⁾		Net Derivative Assets (Liabilities) ⁽⁴⁾			Maximum Exposure To Loss ⁽¹⁾		Insurance Assets ⁽²⁾		Insurance Liabilities ⁽³⁾		Net Derivative Assets (Liabilities) ⁽⁴⁾
March 31, 2019:
March 31, 2020:
Global structured finance:
Collateralized debt obligations	$	2,437	$	—	$	—	$	—
Mortgage-backed—residential	6,418,261		1,842,283		492,435		—			$	5,063	$	2,075	$	609	—
Other consumer asset-backed	1,615,109		14,754		234,639		—			1,276		30		235		—
Other commercial asset-backed	481,633		9,247		6,774		—			100		3		2		—
Other	2,083,055		53,206		299,939		7,021			1,046		6		18		9
Total global structured finance	10,600,495		1,919,490		1,033,787		7,021			7,485		2,114		864		9
Global public finance	23,927,824		315,807		343,946		(1,077		)	22,533		285		329		(2		)
Total	$	34,528,319	$	2,235,297	$	1,377,733	$	5,944		$	30,018	$	2,399	$	1,193	$	7

December 31, 2018:
December 31, 2019:
Global structured finance:
Collateralized debt obligations	$	9,787	$	—	$	—	$	(2	)
Mortgage-backed—residential	6,713,437		1,859,121		546,682		—			$	5,373	$	1,913	$	523	$	—
Other consumer asset-backed	1,700,984		15,435		238,234		—			1,373		31		216		—
Other commercial asset-backed	873,343		20,735		12,264		—			314		9		6		—
Other	2,122,648		53,462		301,260		7,170			1,107		7		18		8
Total global structured finance	11,420,199		1,948,753		1,098,440		7,168			8,165		1,961		762		8
Global public finance	24,145,956		309,071		335,437		(1,457		)	23,341		287		321		—
Total	$	35,566,155	$	2,257,824	$	1,433,877	$	5,711		$	31,506	$	2,247	$	1,083	$	7


(1)	Maximum exposure to loss represents the maximum future payments of principal and interest on insured obligations and derivative contracts. Ambac’s maximum exposure to loss does not include the benefit of any financial instruments (such as reinsurance or hedge contracts) that Ambac may utilize to mitigate the risks associated with these variable interests.


(2)	Insurance assets represent the amount included in “Premium receivables” and “Subrogation recoverable” for financial guarantee insurance contracts on Ambac’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.


(3)	Insurance liabilities represent the amount included in “Loss and loss expense reserves” and “Unearned premiums” for financial guarantee insurance contracts on Ambac’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.


(4)	Net derivative assets (liabilities) represent the fair value recognized on credit derivative contracts and interest rate swaps on Ambac’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Ambac Sponsored ~~VIEs:~~

Non-consolidated VIEs:

~~A subsidiary of~~In 1994, Ambac ~~transferred financial assets to~~established a ~~VIE. The business purpose of this entity was~~VIE to provide certain financial guarantee clients with funding for their debt obligations. This VIE was established as a separate legal entity, demonstrably distinct from Ambac and that Ambac, its affiliates or its agents could not unilaterally dissolve. The permitted activities of this entity are contractually limited to purchasing assets from Ambac, issuing medium-term notes ("MTNs") to fund such purchases, executing derivative hedges and obtaining financial guarantee policies with respect to indebtedness incurred. Ambac does not consolidate this entity because ~~Ambac Assurance’s policies issued to this entity were allocated to the Segregated Account and, as discussed above,~~ the exercise of related control rights in such policies remain subject to OCI approval under the Stipulation and ~~Order.~~Order, as discussed above. Ambac elected to

account for its equity interest in this entity at fair value under the fair value option in accordance with the Financial Instruments Topic of the ASC. We believe that the fair value of the investments in this entity provides for greater transparency for recording profit or loss as compared to the equity method under the Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures Topic of the ASC. Refer to Note 7. Fair Value Measurements for

further information on the valuation technique and inputs used to measure the fair value of Ambac’s equity interest in this entity. At March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 the fair value of this entity was ~~$4,148~~$3 and ~~$4,516,~~$3, respectively, and is reported within Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Total principal amount of debt outstanding was ~~$400,600~~$378 and ~~$393,010~~$403 at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. In each case, Ambac sold assets to this entity, which are composed of utility obligations with a weighted

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 12~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(Dollar Amounts in Thousands, Except Share Amounts)~~

average rating of BBB+ at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and weighted average life of ~~1.9~~0.9 years. The purchase by this entity of financial assets was financed through the issuance of MTNs, which are cross-collateralized by the purchased assets. The MTNs have the same expected weighted average life as the purchased assets. Derivative contracts (interest rate swaps) are used within the entity for economic hedging purposes only. Derivative positions were established at the time MTNs were issued to purchase financial assets. As of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 Ambac Assurance had financial guarantee

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 122020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

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AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in Millions, Except Share Amounts)

insurance policies issued for all assets, MTNs and derivative contracts owned and outstanding by the entity.

Insurance premiums paid to Ambac Assurance by this entity are earned in a manner consistent with other insurance policies, over the risk period. Additionally, any losses incurred on such insurance policies are included in Ambac’s Consolidated Statements of Total Comprehensive Income (Loss). Under the terms of an Administrative Agency Agreement, Ambac provides certain administrative duties, primarily collecting amounts due on the obligations and making interest payments on the MTNs.

On August 28, 2014, Ambac monetized its ownership of the junior surplus note issued to it by ~~the Segregated Account~~Ambac Assurance by depositing the junior surplus note into a newly formed VIE trust in exchange for cash and an owner trust certificate, which represents Ambac's right to residual cash flows from the junior surplus note. Ambac does not consolidate the VIE since it does not have a variable interest in the trust. Ambac reports its owner trust certificate as an equity investment within Other investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets with associated results from operations included within Net investment ~~income:~~income (loss): Other investments on the Consolidated Statements of Total Comprehensive Income (Loss). The equity investment had a carrying value of ~~$41,511~~$47 and ~~$40,168~~$46 as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

On February 12, 2018, Ambac formed a VIE, Ambac LSNI, ~~to issue~~LLC ("Ambac LSNI"). Ambac LSNI issued Secured Notes in connection with the Rehabilitation Exit Transactions. Ambac does not consolidate the VIE since it does not have a variable interest in the trust. Ambac reports its holdings of Secured Notes within Fixed Income Securities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The carrying value of Secured Notes held by Ambac was ~~$583,550~~$495 and ~~$656,473~~$535 at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. Ambac's debt obligation to the VIE (the Ambac Note) had a carrying value of ~~$1,927,144~~$1,685 and ~~$1,940,289~~$1,763 at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, and is reported within Long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

4. COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

The following tables detail the changes in the balances of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income for the affected periods:


																Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available for Sale Securities ⁽¹⁾			Amortization of Postretirement Benefit ⁽¹⁾			Gain (Loss) on Foreign Currency Translation ⁽¹⁾			Credit Risk Changes of Fair Value Option Liabilities ^{(1) (2)}			Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020:
Beginning Balance																$	151		$	8		$	(116	)	$	(2	)	$	42
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications																(139		)	(2		)	(46		)	—			(187		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)																(7		)	—			—			3			(4		)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)																(146		)	(2		)	(46		)	3			(191		)
Balance at March 31, 2020																$	5		$	6		$	(162	)	$	2		$	(149	)
	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available for Sale Securities ⁽¹⁾			Amortization of Postretirement Benefit ⁽¹⁾			Gain (Loss) on Foreign Currency Translation ⁽¹⁾			Credit Risk Changes of Fair Value Option Liabilities ^{(1) (2)}			Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019:
Beginning Balance	$	85,903		$	8,874		$	(141,527	)	$	(1,965	)	$	(48,715	)	$	86		$	9		$	(142	)	$	(2	)	$	(49	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	73,367			689			14,571			—			88,627			73			1			15			—			89
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(17,204		)	(322		)	—			156			(17,370		)	(17		)	—			—			—			(17		)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	56,163			367			14,571			156			71,257			56			—			15			—			71
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	142,066		$	9,241		$	(126,956	)	$	(1,809	)	$	22,542		$	142		$	9		$	(127	)	$	(2	)	$	23

Three Months Ended March 31, 2018:
Beginning Balance	$	30,755		$	10,640		$	(93,634	)	$	—		$	(52,239	)
Adjustments to opening balance, net of taxes ⁽³⁾	—			—			—			(2,900		)	(2,900		)
Adjusted balance, beginning of period	30,755			10,640			(93,634		)	(2,900		)	(55,139		)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	125,159			(556		)	32,056			—			156,659
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(2,855		)	(303		)	—			1,114			(2,044		)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	122,304			(859		)	32,056			1,114			154,615
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	153,059		$	9,781		$	(61,578	)	$	(1,786	)	$	99,476


(1)	All amounts are net of tax and noncontrolling interest. Amounts in parentheses indicate reductions to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.


(2)	Represents the changes in fair value attributable to instrument-specific credit risk of liabilities for which the fair value option is elected.


~~(3)~~	~~Beginning in 2018, credit risk changes of fair value option liabilities are reflected as a component of~~ ~~Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income~~ ~~pursuant to the adoption of ASU 2016-01. See~~ ~~Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies~~ ~~to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-Q for further information regarding this change.~~

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 13 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Table of Contents

AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)

The following table details the significant amounts reclassified from each component of accumulated other comprehensive income, shown in the above rollforward tables, for the affected periods:



Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Components	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income						Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statement of Total Comprehensive Income (Loss)
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities
	$	(8	)	$	(17	)	Net realized investment gains (losses) and other-than-temporary impairment losses
	1			(1		)	Provision for income taxes
	$	(7	)	$	(17	)	Net of tax and noncontrolling interest
Amortization of Postretirement Benefit
Prior service cost	$	—		$	—		Other income
Actuarial (losses)	—			—			Other income
	—			—			Total before tax
	—			—			Provision for income taxes
	$	—		$	—		Net of tax and noncontrolling interest
Credit risk changes of fair value option liabilities
	$	4		$	—		Credit Risk Changes of Fair Value Option Liabilities
	(1		)	—			Provision for income taxes
	$	3		$	—		Net of tax and noncontrolling interest
Total reclassifications for the period	$	(4	)	$	(17	)	Net of tax and noncontrolling interest

Details about Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
Income Components

Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ⁽¹⁾
Affected Line Item in the
Consolidated Statement of
Total Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 2018
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities
$ (16,693 ) $ (4,563 ) Net realized investment gains (losses) and other-than-temporary impairment losses
(511 ) 1,708
Provision for income taxes
$ (17,204 ) $ (2,855 ) Net of tax and noncontrolling interest
Amortization of Postretirement Benefit
Prior service cost $ (241 ) $ (241 )
Other income⁽²⁾
Actuarial (losses) (81 ) (62 )
Other income⁽²⁾
(322 ) (303 ) Total before tax
—
—
Provision for income taxes
$ (322 ) $ (303 ) Net of tax and noncontrolling interest
Credit risk changes of fair value option liabilities
$ 188
$ 1,344
Credit Risk Changes of Fair Value Option Liabilities
(32 ) (230 ) Provision for income taxes
$ 156
$ 1,114
Net of tax and noncontrolling interest
Total reclassifications for the period $ (17,370 ) $ (2,044 ) Net of tax and noncontrolling interest


~~(1)~~	Amounts in parentheses indicate reductions to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income with corresponding increases to the affected line items in the Consolidated Statement of Total Comprehensive Income.


~~(2)~~	~~These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost.~~

5. NET INCOME PER SHARE

As of March 31, ~~2019, 45,520,541~~2020, 45,779,023 shares of Ambac's common stock (par value $0.01) and warrants entitling holders to acquire up to ~~4,877,783~~4,877,749 shares of new common stock at an exercise price of $16.67 per share were issued and outstanding. Common shares outstanding increased by 223,623 during the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020, primarily due to settlements of employee restricted and performance stock units.

Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and vested restricted stock ~~units.~~units (together, "Basic Weighted Average Shares Outstanding"). Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the ~~weighted-average number of common shares used for basic earnings per share~~Basic Weighted Average Shares Outstanding plus all potential dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. All potential dilutive common shares outstanding consider common stock deliverable pursuant to warrants, ~~issued under Ambac's Chapter 11 Reorganization Plan,~~ vested and unvested options, unvested restricted stock units and performance stock units granted under employee and director compensation plans.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the common shares used for basic net income per share to the diluted shares used for diluted net income per share:


	Three Months Ended March 31,		Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019	2018	2020	2019
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	45,832,297	45,471,083	46,060,324	45,832,297
Effect of potential dilutive shares ⁽¹⁾:
Stock options	—	—	—	—
Warrants	—	—	—	—
Restricted stock units	—	45,713	—	—
Performance stock units ⁽²⁾	—	136,675	—	—
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	45,832,297	45,653,471	46,060,324	45,832,297
Anti-dilutive shares excluded from the above reconciliation:
Stock options	16,667	126,667	16,667	16,667
Warrants	4,877,783	4,053,476	4,877,749	4,877,783
Restricted stock units	271,763	—	236,189	271,763
Performance stock units ⁽²⁾	478,739	—	738,039	478,739


(1)	For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the three months ended March 31, 2019, Ambac had a net loss and accordingly excluded all potentially dilutive securities from the determination of diluted loss per share as their impact was anti-dilutive.

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 14~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(Dollar Amounts in Thousands, Except Share Amounts)~~


(2)	Performance stock units are reflected based on the performance metrics through the balance sheet date. Vesting of these units is contingent upon meeting certain performance metrics. Although a portion of these performance metrics have been achieved as of the respective period end, it is possible that awards may no longer meet the metric at the end of the performance period.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 142020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Table of Contents

AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in Millions, Except Share Amounts)

6. FINANCIAL GUARANTEE INSURANCE CONTRACTS

Amounts presented in this Note relate only to Ambac’s non-derivative insurance business for insurance policies issued to beneficiaries, including VIEs, for which we do not consolidate the VIE.

Net Premiums Earned:

Gross premiums are received either upfront or in installments. For premiums received upfront, an unearned premium revenue (“UPR”) liability is established, which is initially recorded as the cash amount received. For installment premium transactions, a premium receivable asset and offsetting UPR liability is initially established in an amount equal to: (i) the present value of future contractual premiums due (the “contractual” method) or (ii) if the assets underlying the insured obligation are homogenous pools which are contractually prepayable, the present value of premiums to be collected over the expected life of the transaction (the “expected” method). An appropriate risk-free rate corresponding to the weighted average life of each policy and currency is used to discount the future premiums contractually due or expected to be collected. For example, U.S. dollar exposures are discounted using U.S. Treasury ~~rates while exposures denominated in a foreign currency are discounted using the appropriate risk-free rate for the respective currency.~~rates. The weighted average risk-free rate at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, was ~~2.6%~~2.2% and ~~2.7%~~2.4%, respectively, and the weighted average period of future premiums used to estimate the premium receivable at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, was ~~8.8~~8.7 years and ~~8.7~~8.5 years, respectively.

In evaluating the credit quality of the premium receivables, management evaluates the obligor's ability to pay. For structured finance transactions, this evaluation will include a review of the priority for the payment of financial guarantee premiums to Ambac, as required by bond indentures, in the transaction's waterfall structure. The financial guarantee premium is generally senior in the waterfall. Uncollectable premiums are determined on a policy basis and utilize a combination of historical premium collection data in addition to cash flow analysis to determine if an impairment in the related policy's premium receivables exist. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, $7,467 and $7,136 respectively, of premium receivables were deemed uncollectable. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, approximately 19% and 20% of the premium receivables, net of uncollectable receivables, related to transactions with non-investment grade internal ratings, mainly structured finance transactions. Past due premiums on policies insuring non-investment grade obligations amounted to less than $100 at March 31, 2019.

Below is the gross premium receivable roll-forward for the ~~affected periods:~~respective periods, net of allowance for credit losses:


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018			2020			2019
Beginning premium receivable	$	495,391		$	586,312		$	416		$	495
Adjustment to initially apply ASU 2016-13							(3		)	—
Premium receipts	(13,204		)	(15,381		)	(12		)	(13		)
Adjustments for changes in expected and contractual cash flows ⁽¹⁾	470			(1,289		)	10			—
Accretion of premium receivable discount	3,228			3,846			2			3
Changes to uncollectable premiums	(352		)	604
Changes to allowance for credit losses							(2		)	—
Other adjustments (including foreign exchange)	1,864			6,615			(8		)	2
Ending premium receivable⁽²⁾	$	487,397		$	580,707		$	403		$	487


(1)	Adjustments for changes in expected and contractual cash flows primarily due to changes in indexation rates on certain UK transactions partially offset by reductions in insured exposure as a result of early policy terminations and unscheduled principal paydowns.

(2)

Premium receivable includes premiums to be received in foreign denominated currencies most notably in British Pounds and Euros. At March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, premium receivables include British Pounds of ~~$141,527~~$128 (£~~108,825)~~103) and ~~$163,926~~$142 (£~~116,815)~~109), respectively, and Euros of ~~$30,062~~$24 (€~~26,807)~~22) and ~~$36,679~~$30 (€~~29,767)~~27), respectively.

When a bond issue insured by Ambac Assurance has been retired early, typically due to an issuer call, any remaining UPR is recognized at that time to the extent the financial guarantee contract is legally extinguished, causing accelerated premium revenue. For installment premium paying transactions, we offset the recognition of any remaining UPR by the reduction of the related premium receivable to zero (as it will not be collected as a result of the retirement), which may cause negative accelerated premium revenue. Ambac’s accelerated premium revenue for retired obligations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was less than a million dollars and ~~2018 was $12,223 and $9,392,~~$12, respectively.

The effect of reinsurance on premiums written and earned for the respective periods was as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,										Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019					2018					2020					2019
	Written			Earned		Written			Earned		Written			Earned		Written			Earned
Direct	$	3,346		$	29,433	$	4,261		$	32,609	$	11		$	13	$	3		$	29
Assumed	—			20		—			19		—			1		—			—
Ceded	(501		)	1,695		(819		)	1,745		(1		)	3		(1		)	2
Net premiums	$	3,847		$	27,758	$	5,080		$	30,883	$	12		$	10	$	4		$	28

The following table summarizes net premiums earned by location of risk for the respective periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
United States	$	7	$	28
United Kingdom	4		4
Other international	—		(5		)
Total	$	10	$	28

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 15 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Table of Contents

AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)

~~The following table summarizes net premiums earned by location of risk for the respective periods:~~

Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 2018
United States $ 28,244
$ 24,718
United Kingdom 4,190
4,856
Other international (4,676 ) 1,309
Total $ 27,758
$ 30,883

The table below summarizes the future gross undiscounted premiums to be collected and future premiums earned, net of reinsurance at March 31, ~~2019:~~2020:

Future Premiums
to be
Collected ⁽¹⁾

Future
Premiums to
be Earned Net of
Reinsurance ⁽¹⁾
Three months ended:
June 30, 2019 $ 12,906
$ 12,178
September 30, 2019 11,923
12,015
December 31, 2019 11,852
11,875
Twelve months ended:
December 31, 2020 46,963
46,762
December 31, 2021 41,005
42,504
December 31, 2022 39,159
39,760
December 31, 2023 37,641
37,075
Five years ended:
December 31, 2028 166,827
152,126
December 31, 2033 128,064
101,459
December 31, 2038 67,195
51,134
December 31, 2043 26,556
16,644
December 31, 2048 11,831
7,130
December 31, 2053 2,252
1,817
December 31, 2058 31
50
Total $ 604,205
$ 532,529



	Future Premiums to be Collected ⁽¹⁾		Future Premiums to be Earned Net of Reinsurance ⁽²⁾
Three months ended:
June 30, 2020	$	12	$	10
September 30, 2020	10		10
December 31, 2020	10		10
Twelve months ended:
December 31, 2021	37		36
December 31, 2022	35		34
December 31, 2023	34		32
December 31, 2024	32		30
Five years ended:
December 31, 2029	142		125
December 31, 2034	104		83
December 31, 2039	52		38
December 31, 2044	23		14
December 31, 2049	9		5
December 31, 2054	1		1
Total	$	501	$	428


(1)	Future premiums to be collected are undiscounted, gross of allowance for credit losses, and are used to derive the discounted premium receivable asset recorded on Ambac's balance sheet.

(2)

Future premiums to be earned, net of reinsurance relate to the unearned premiums liability and deferred ceded premium asset recorded on Ambac’s balance sheet. The use of contractual lives for many bond types which do not have homogeneous pools of underlying collateral is required in the calculation of the premium receivable, as further described in Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Ambac's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. This results in a different premium receivable balance than if expected lives were considered. If installment paying policies are retired or prepay early, premiums reflected in the premium receivable asset and amounts reported in the above table for such policies may not be collected. Future premiums to be earned also considers the use of contractual lives for many bond types which do not have homogeneous pools of underlying collateral, which may result in different unearned premium than if expected lives were considered. If those bonds types are retired early, premium earnings may be negative in the period of call or refinancing.

Credit impairment (Premium receivables and reinsurance recoverables):

Management evaluates premium receivables and reinsurance recoverables for expected credit losses ("credit impairment") in accordance with the new CECL standard adopted January 1, 2020, which is further described in Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies. Management's evaluation of credit impairment under prior GAAP rules was not materially different.

Most credit impairment disclosures below were only made prospectively from the CECL adoption date as they were not required under prior GAAP rules.

As further discussed in Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, the key indicator management uses to assess the credit quality of premium receivables is Ambac's internal risk classifications for the insured obligation determined by the Risk Management Group. Below is the amortized cost basis of premium receivables by risk classification code and asset class as of March 31, 2020:



Surveillance Categories as of March 31, 2020
Type of Guaranteed Bond	I		IA		II		III		IV		Total
Public Finance:
Housing revenue	$	162	$	13	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	175
Other	16		—		—		—		—		16
Total Public Finance	178		13		—		—		—		191

Structured Finance:
Mortgage-backed and home equity	4		—		1		3		18		26
Structured insurance	19		—		—		—		—		19
Student loan	4		—		3		13		—		19
Other	6		—		—		—		—		6
Total Structured Finance	32		—		4		16		18		70

International:
Sovereign/sub-sovereign	86		13		—		14		—		113
Investor-owned and public utilities	29		—		—		—		—		29
Other	15		—		—		—		—		15
Total International	130		13		—		14		—		157
Total⁽¹⁾	$	340	$	26	$	4	$	30	$	18	$	417

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 16 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Table of Contents

AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)

(1) The underwriting origination dates for all policies included are greater than five years prior to the current reporting date.

Below is a rollforward of the premium receivable allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2020:



Beginning balance ⁽¹⁾	$	9
Current period provision ⁽²⁾	5
Write-offs of the allowance	—
Recoveries of previously written-off amounts	—
Ending balance	$	14


(1)	At December 31, 2019, $9 of premiums receivable were deemed uncollectible as determined under prior GAAP rules.


(2)	Includes $3from the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020.

At March 31, 2020, Ambac had past due premiums of $1, of which $1 was over 120 days past due and has been included in the allowance for credit losses.

The key indicator management uses to assess the credit quality of reinsurance recoverables is collateral posted by the reinsurers and independent rating agency credit ratings. For all reinsurance contracts where Ambac has recorded a recoverable, the fair value of collateral posted by the reinsurer to Ambac Assurance exceeds Ambac Assurance's reinsurance recoverable carrying value, net of ceded premiums payable. As a result, Ambac Assurance has no net credit exposure and there is 0 allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2020.

Loss and Loss Expense Reserves:

~~The~~Ambac’s loss and loss expense ~~reserve~~reserves (“loss ~~reserve”~~reserves”) policy for financial guarantee insurance relates only to Ambac’s non-derivative insurance business for insurance policies issued to beneficiaries, including VIEs, for which we do not consolidate the VIE. Ambac’s loss reserves are based on management’s on-going review of the financial guarantee credit portfolio. Below are the components of the ~~Loss and~~ loss ~~expense~~ reserves liability and the Subrogation recoverable asset at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018:~~2019:


													March 31, 2020:														December 31, 2019:
	Present Value of Expected Net Cash Flows					Unearned Premium Revenue			Gross Loss and Loss Expense Reserves				Present Value of Expected Net Cash Flows						Unearned Premium Revenue				Gross Loss and Loss Expense Reserves				Present Value of Expected Net Cash Flows							Unearned Premium Revenue				Gross Loss and Loss Expense Reserves
Balance Sheet Line Item	Claims and Loss Expenses		Recoveries						Gross Loss and Loss Expense Reserves			Claims and Loss Expenses			Recoveries							Claims and Loss Expenses					Recoveries							Unearned Premium Revenue				Gross Loss and Loss Expense Reserves
March 31, 2019:						Unearned Premium Revenue
Loss and loss expense reserves	$	2,045,886	$	(274,846	)	$	(76,877	)	$	1,694,163			$	2,112		$	(245	)	Unearned Premium Revenue	$	(70	)	Gross Loss and Loss Expense Reserves			$	1,797		$	1,835			$	(233	)		$	(54	)		$	1,548
Subrogation recoverable	175,114		(2,091,231		)	—			(1,916,117		)		135			(2,327		)	—				(2,192		)		131			(2,160		)		—				(2,029		)
Totals	$	2,221,000	$	(2,366,077	)	$	(76,877	)	$	(221,954	)		$	2,247		$	(2,572	)	$	(70	)		$	(395	)		$	1,966		$	(2,394	)		$	(54	)		$	(482	)

December 31, 2018:
Loss and loss expense reserves	$	2,246,335	$	(313,595	)	$	(106,662	)	$	1,826,078
Subrogation recoverable	175,694		(2,108,654		)	—			(1,932,960		)
Totals	$	2,422,029	$	(2,422,249	)	$	(106,662	)	$	(106,882	)

Below is the loss ~~and loss expense reserve~~reserves roll-forward, net of subrogation recoverable and reinsurance, for the affected periods:


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018			2020			2019
Beginning gross loss and loss expense reserves	$	(106,882	)	$	4,113,802		$	(482	)	$	(107	)
Reinsurance recoverable	22,623			40,658			26			23
Beginning balance of net loss and loss expense reserves	(129,505		)	4,073,144			(508		)	(130		)
Losses and loss expenses (benefit):
Current year	681			778			27			1
Prior years	11,726			(248,173		)	90			12
Total ^{(1) (2) (3)}	12,407			(247,395		)
Total ^{(1) (2)}							117			12
Loss and loss expenses paid (recovered):
Current year	28			—			—			—
Prior years ⁽³⁾	64,409			3,631,177			39			64
Total	64,437			3,631,177			39			64
Foreign exchange effect	5,502			11,016			—			6
Ending net loss and loss expense reserves	(176,033		)	205,588			(430		)	(176		)
Impact of VIE consolidation	(72,159		)	—			—			(72		)
Reinsurance recoverable ⁽⁴⁾⁽³⁾	26,238			38,735			35			26
Ending gross loss and loss expense reserves	$	(221,954	)	$	244,323		$	(395	)	$	(222	)


(1)	Total losses and loss expenses (benefit) includes ~~$(4,996)~~$(10) and ~~$1,354~~$(5) for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, related to ceded reinsurance.

(2)

Ambac records the impact of estimated recoveries related to securitized loans in RMBS transactions that breached certain representations and warranties ("R&W"s) by transaction sponsors within losses and loss expenses (benefit). The losses and loss expense (benefit) incurred associated with changes in estimated ~~representation and warranties~~R&Ws for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $(36) and ~~2018 was $4,407 and $800,~~$4, respectively.


(3)	On February 12, 2018, Deferred Amounts and Interest Accrued on Deferred Amounts in the amount of $3,000,158 and $856,834, respectively were settled in connection with the Rehabilitation Exit Transactions. 2018 includes a $288,204 loss and loss expense benefit on these settled Deferred Amounts.


~~(4)~~	Represents reinsurance recoverable on future loss and loss expenses. Additionally, the Balance Sheet line "Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses" includes reinsurance recoverables (payables) of ~~$550~~$1 and ~~$90~~$1 as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, related to previously presented loss and loss expenses and subrogation.

For 2020, the adverse development in prior years was primarily a result of deterioration in Public Finance credits, primarily Puerto Rico, partially offset by positive development in the RMBS portfolio.

For 2019, the ~~net negative~~adverse development in prior years was primarily a result of deterioration in Public Finance credits, partially offset by positive development in the RMBS and Ambac UK portfolios.

For 2018, the net positive development in prior years was primarily a result of the discount recorded on the Rehabilitation Exit Transactions partially offset by negative development in the RMBS portfolio and interest accrued on Deferred Amounts prior to the Rehabilitation Exit Transactions.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 17 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Table of Contents

AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)

The tables below summarize information related to policies currently included in Ambac’s loss ~~and loss expense~~ reserves or subrogation recoverable at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. Gross par exposures include capital appreciation bonds which are reported at the par amount at the time of issuance of the insurance policy as opposed to the current accreted value of the bond. The weighted average risk-free rate used to discount loss reserves at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 was ~~2.5%~~0.9% and ~~2.8%~~2.1%, respectively.


Surveillance Categories as of March 31, 2019
Surveillance Categories as of March 31, 2020																						Surveillance Categories as of March 31, 2020
	I			IA			II			III			IV			V			Total			I			IA			II			III			IV			V			Total
Number of policies	33			28			12			16			147			3			239			33			22			14			16			136			3			224
Remaining weighted-average contract period (in years) ⁽¹⁾	9			18			8			18			14			3			15			24			21			9			17			15			2			15
Gross insured contractual payments outstanding:
Principal	$	934,336		$	754,502		$	177,251		$	909,382		$	5,299,368		$	43,140		$	8,117,979		$	727		$	483		$	607		$	1,524		$	3,667		$	37		$	7,046
Interest	514,643			646,737			87,602			443,526			2,144,310			13,401			3,850,219			394			507			512			326			1,608			11			3,358
Total	$	1,448,979		$	1,401,239		$	264,853		$	1,352,908		$	7,443,678		$	56,541		$	11,968,198		$	1,121		$	991		$	1,119		$	1,850		$	5,275		$	48		$	10,404
Gross undiscounted claim liability	$	6,344		$	56,257		$	25,466		$	591,366		$	2,182,417		$	56,510		$	2,918,360		$	18		$	44		$	41		$	521		$	1,778		$	48		$	2,450
Discount, gross claim liability	(620		)	(7,729		)	(1,897		)	(202,850		)	(564,236		)	(3,455		)	(780,787		)	(1		)	(2		)	(1		)	(71		)	(184		)	—			(259		)
Gross claim liability before all subrogation and before reinsurance	5,724			48,528			23,569			388,516			1,618,181			53,055			2,137,573			17			42			41			450			1,594			47			2,191
Less:
Gross RMBS subrogation⁽²⁾	—			—			—			—			(1,803,302		)	—			(1,803,302		)	—			—			—			—			(1,771		)	—			(1,771		)
Discount, RMBS subrogation	—			—			—			—			37,280			—			37,280			—			—			—			—			7			—			7
Discounted RMBS subrogation, before reinsurance	—			—			—			—			(1,766,022		)	—			(1,766,022		)	—			—			—			—			(1,764		)	—			(1,764		)
Less:
Gross other subrogation⁽³⁾	—			—			—			(46,914		)	(598,954		)	(12,880		)	(658,748		)	—			—			—			(39		)	(777		)	(13		)	(829		)
Discount, other subrogation	—			—			—			6,295			48,954			3,444			58,693			—			—			—			1			18			1			21
Discounted other subrogation, before reinsurance	—			—			—			(40,619		)	(550,000		)	(9,436		)	(600,055		)	—			—			—			(38		)	(759		)	(11		)	(809		)
Gross claim liability, net of all subrogation and discounts, before reinsurance	5,724			48,528			23,569			347,897			(697,841		)	43,619			(228,504		)	17			42			41			412			(929		)	36			(381		)
Less: Unearned premium revenue	(3,791		)	(9,639		)	(1,640		)	(7,219		)	(54,395		)	(193		)	(76,877		)	(2		)	(9		)	(5		)	(19		)	(34		)	—			(70		)
Plus: Loss expense reserves	1,809			5,330			902			2,362			73,024			—			83,427			—			1			1			4			50			—			55
Gross loss and loss expense reserves	$	3,742		$	44,219		$	22,831		$	343,040		$	(679,212	)	$	43,426		$	(221,954	)	$	15		$	34		$	36		$	397		$	(914	)	$	36		$	(395	)
Reinsurance recoverable reported on Balance Sheet ⁽⁴⁾	$	216		$	8,901		$	3,758		$	27,138		$	(13,225	)	$	—		$	26,788		$	—		$	6		$	9		$	27		$	(7	)	$	—		$	36


(1)	Remaining weighted-average contract period is weighted based on projected gross claims over the lives of the respective policies.


(2)	RMBS subrogation represents Ambac’s estimate of subrogation recoveries from RMBS transaction sponsors for ~~representation and warranty ("~~R~~&W")~~&W breaches.


(3)	Other subrogation represents subrogation related to excess spread and other contractual cash flows on public finance and structured finance transactions, including RMBS.


(4)	Reinsurance recoverable reported on the Balance Sheet includes reinsurance recoverables of ~~$26,238~~$35 related to future loss and loss expenses and ~~$550~~$1 related to presented loss and loss expenses and subrogation.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 18 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

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AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)


Surveillance Categories as of December 31, 2018
Surveillance Categories as of December 31, 2019																						Surveillance Categories as of December 31, 2019
	I			IA			II			III			IV			V			Total			I			IA			II			III			IV			V			Total
Number of policies	21			28			18			16			145			3			231			34			18			11			16			139			3			221
Remaining weighted-average contract period (in years) ⁽¹⁾	9			19			9			22			14			3			16			8			21			9			17			14			3			15
Gross insured contractual payments outstanding:
Principal	$	916,530		$	708,249		$	622,820		$	1,705,464		$	5,407,202		$	43,140		$	9,403,405		$	668		$	510		$	277		$	857		$	3,819		$	37		$	6,168
Interest	487,702			631,708			293,293			6,979,130			2,177,539			13,401			10,582,773			340			507			128			366			1,678			11			3,029
Total	$	1,404,232		$	1,339,957		$	916,113		$	8,684,594		$	7,584,741		$	56,541		$	19,986,178		$	1,007		$	1,016		$	404		$	1,223		$	5,498		$	48		$	9,197
Gross undiscounted claim liability	$	4,019		$	63,712		$	36,000		$	992,019		$	2,295,968		$	56,510		$	3,448,228		$	2		$	44		$	21		$	541		$	1,778		$	48		$	2,434
Discount, gross claim liability	(481		)	(13,008		)	(3,069		)	(433,709		)	(637,548		)	(4,143		)	(1,091,958		)	—			(5		)	(1		)	(152		)	(381		)	(2		)	(541		)
Gross claim liability before all subrogation and before reinsurance	3,538			50,704			32,931			558,310			1,658,420			52,367			2,356,270			2			39			20			389			1,397			46			1,893
Less:
Gross RMBS subrogation ⁽²⁾	—			—			—			—			(1,809,937		)	—			(1,809,937		)	—			—			—			—			(1,777		)	—			(1,777		)
Discount, RMBS subrogation	—			—			—			—			39,391			—			39,391			—			—			—			—			49			—			49
Discounted RMBS subrogation, before reinsurance	—			—			—			—			(1,770,546		)	—			(1,770,546		)	—			—			—			—			(1,727		)	—			(1,727		)
Less:
Gross other subrogation ⁽³⁾	—			(10,816		)	—			(136,541		)	(624,654		)	(12,880		)	(784,891		)	—			—			—			(41		)	(666		)	(13		)	(720		)
Discount, other subrogation	—			7,318			—			67,008			55,088			3,774			133,188			—			—			—			4			47			3			53
Discounted other subrogation, before reinsurance	—			(3,498		)	—			(69,533		)	(569,566		)	(9,106		)	(651,703		)	—			—			—			(37		)	(620		)	(10		)	(666		)
Gross claim liability, net of all subrogation and discounts, before reinsurance	3,538			47,206			32,931			488,777			(681,692		)	43,261			(65,979		)	2			39			20			353			(950		)	36			(501		)
Less: Unearned premium revenue	(943		)	(10,073		)	(5,085		)	(36,365		)	(53,987		)	(209		)	(106,662		)	(1		)	(9		)	(1		)	(7		)	(35		)	—			(54		)
Plus: Loss expense reserves	1,369			4,253			2,564			(5,926		)	63,499			—			65,759			1			1			1			4			67			—			73
Gross loss and loss expense reserves	$	3,964		$	41,386		$	30,410		$	446,486		$	(672,180	)	$	43,052		$	(106,882	)	$	1		$	30		$	20		$	349		$	(918	)	$	36		$	(482	)
Reinsurance recoverable reported on Balance Sheet⁽⁴⁾	$	367		$	7,285		$	4,223		$	26,096		$	(14,838	)	$	—		$	23,133		$	—		$	6		$	7		$	24		$	(10	)	$	—		$	26


(1)	Remaining weighted-average contract period is weighted based on projected gross claims over the lives of the respective policies.


(2)	RMBS subrogation represents Ambac’s estimate of subrogation recoveries from RMBS transaction sponsors for R&W breaches.


(3)	Other subrogation represents subrogation related to excess spread and other contractual cash flows on public finance and structured finance transactions, including RMBS.


(4)	Reinsurance recoverable reported on Balance Sheet includes reinsurance recoverables of ~~$22,623~~$26 related to future loss and loss expenses and ~~$510~~$0 related to presented loss and loss expenses and subrogation.

COVID-19

As a result of the COVID-19 related economic disruption on markets where Ambac provides financial guarantees, including lower tax, project, and business revenues and increases in forbearances or delinquencies on mortgage and student loan payments, we have increased our loss reserves. The duration and depth of the recession; actions such as monetary policy and fiscal stimulus, including the CARES Act in the US that was signed into law on March 27, 2020, and future fiscal stimulus programs; and our insured obligors' financial flexibility and ability to mitigate the operational and economic impact of the recession will determine the ultimate impact to Ambac's insured portfolio. Accordingly, our loss reserves may be under-estimated as a result of the ultimate scope, duration and magnitude of the effects of COVID-19.

Puerto Rico:

Ambac has exposure to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (the "Commonwealth") and its instrumentalities across several different

issuing ~~entities.~~entities with total net par exposure of $1,105. Components of Puerto Rico net par outstanding include capital appreciation bonds which are reported at the par amount at the time of issuance of the related insurance policy as opposed to the current accreted value of the bonds. Each issuing entity has its own credit risk profile attributable to discrete revenue sources, direct general obligation pledges or general obligation guarantees. The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and certain of its instrumentalities have defaulted and may continue to default on debt service payments, including payments owed on bonds insured by Ambac Assurance. Ambac Assurance may be required to make significant amounts of policy payments over the next several years, the recoverability of which is subject to great uncertainty, which may lead to a material increase in permanent losses causing a material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition. Our exposure to Puerto Rico is impacted by the amount of monies available for debt service, which is in turn affected by a number of factors including demographic trends, economic ~~growth,~~conditions (including the impact

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 192020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

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AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in Millions, Except Share Amounts)

from the COVID-19 pandemic), tax policy and revenues, impact of reforms, fiscal plans, government actions, political instability, budgetary performance and flexibility,

weather and seismic events, litigation outcomes, as well as federal funding of Commonwealth needs. In the near term, the financial and economic outlook for Puerto Rico is dependent upon a still fragile infrastructure, heightening its vulnerability to additional ~~weather events.~~natural disasters. The longer term recovery of the Commonwealth economy and its essential infrastructure will likely be dependent on, ~~amongst~~among other factors, the management, usage and efficacy of federal resources.

Also important to Puerto Rico's economic growth, government reform and creditor outcomes is the revised Fiscal Plan for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Revised Commonwealth Fiscal Plan"), certified by the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico ("Oversight Board") on October 23, 2018. The Revised Commonwealth Fiscal Plan outlines a series of reforms, projects the fiscal and economic impact of those reforms, and provides forecasts of resulting budgetary surpluses over a fiscal year series. However, as was the case with prior Commonwealth Fiscal

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 19~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(Dollar Amounts in Thousands, Except Share Amounts)~~

Plans, the Revised Commonwealth Fiscal Plan lacks a high degree of transparency regarding the underlying data, assumptions and rationales supporting those assumptions, making reconciliation and due diligence difficult. As a result, itIt is difficult to predict the long-term capacity and willingness of the Puerto Rico government and its instrumentalities to pay debt service on bonded debt and how their debt burden and financial flexibility might affect Ambac Assurance's claim potential, risk profile and long-term financial strength.

Substantial uncertainty exists with respect to the ultimate outcome for creditors in Puerto Rico, such as Ambac Assurance, due to, amongst other matters, legislation enacted by the Commonwealth and the federal government, including ~~PROMESA, as well as~~PROMESA; actions taken pursuant to such laws, including the Title III ~~filings.~~filings; the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic; as well as political uncertainty and leadership turnover. Ambac Assurance is involved in multiple litigations relating to ~~such~~ actions taken by the Commonwealth or the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico (the “Oversight Board”) pursuant to certain enacted legislation, court rulings, and other issues and may not be successful in pursuing claims or protecting its interests. As a result of litigation or other aspects of the restructuring processes, the ~~difference~~differences among the credits insured by Ambac Assurance may not be respected.

Ambac Assurance ~~is participating~~has participated and may continue to participate in a mediation ~~process with respect~~related to potential debt restructurings. Mediation may not be productive or may not resolve Ambac Assurance's claims in a manner that avoids significant losses. No assurances can be given that negotiations will be successfully concluded, that Commonwealth, Oversight Board and creditor parties will reach definitive agreements on additional debt restructurings, that any additional negotiated transaction debt restructuring, definitive agreement or Plans of Adjustment will be approved by the court and completed, or that any transaction or Plans of Adjustment will not have a material adverse impact on Ambac's financial condition or results of operations. It is possible that certain restructuring process solutions, together with associated legislation, budgetary, and/or public policy proposals could be adopted and could ~~significantly or~~ further impair our exposures, causing losses that could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition.

While our reserving scenarios ~~reflect~~account for a wide range of possible outcomes, reflecting the significant uncertainty regarding future developments and outcomes, given our exposure to Puerto Rico and the economic, fiscal, legal and political uncertainties associated therewith as well as the uncertainties emanating from the COVID-19 pandemic and the damage caused by hurricanes Maria and Irma, our loss reserves may ultimately prove to be insufficient to cover our losses, potentially byhaving a material ~~amount,~~adverse effect on our results of operations and ~~may be subject to material volatility.~~financial position.

Ambac has considered these developments and other factors in evaluating its Puerto Rico loss reserves. During the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, Ambac had incurred losses associated with its Domestic Public Finance insured portfolio of ~~$69,304,~~$178, which was primarily impacted by lower discount rates and the continued uncertainty and volatility of the situation in Puerto Rico. While management believes its reserves are adequate to cover losses in its Public Finance insured portfolio, there can be no assurance that Ambac may not incur additional losses in the future, ~~particularly~~ given the ~~developing economic, political, and legal~~ circumstances ~~in Puerto Rico.~~described herein. Such additional losses may have a material adverse effect on Ambac’s results of operations and financial ~~condition.~~condition and may result in adverse consequences such as impairing the ability of Ambac Assurance to honor its financial obligations; the initiation of rehabilitation proceedings against Ambac Assurance; decreased likelihood of Ambac Assurance delivering value to Ambac, through dividends or otherwise; and a significant drop in the value of securities issued or insured by Ambac or Ambac Assurance. For public finance credits, including Puerto Rico, ~~as well as other issuers,~~ for which Ambac has an estimate of expected loss at March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, the possible increase in loss reserves under stress or other adverse conditions and circumstances was estimated to be approximately ~~$950,000.~~$1,220. This possible increase in loss reserves under stress or other adverse conditions is significant and if we were to experience such incremental losses, our stockholders’ equity as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 would decrease from ~~$1,665,888~~$1,062 to ~~$715,888. However, there~~$(158). There can be no assurance that losses may not exceed such amount.

~~COFINA Debt Restructuring~~

On January 16-17, 2019, the hearings for the confirmation of the COFINA Plan of Adjustment ("POA") and the Commonwealth 9019 motion were held. On February 4, 2019, the COFINA POA was confirmed and the Commonwealth 9019 motion was approved by the U.S. District Court for the District of Puerto Rico. On February 12, 2019, the COFINA POA went effective. Pursuant to the POA, all existing COFINA senior and subordinate bonds were discharged and exchanged for cash and new COFINA current interest and capital appreciation bonds ("new COFINA bonds"). The cash and new COFINA bonds allocated to COFINA senior bondholders equaled approximately 93% (considering the new COFINA bonds at par) of such senior bondholders’ allowed claim, in the amount of the COFINA senior bond accreted value, as of, but not including, May 5, 2017 (the COFINA Title III Petition Date).

Pursuant to the POA, each holder of Ambac Assurance-insured senior COFINA bonds had the option to elect by January 11, 2019 to either (i) commute their rights in respect of the Ambac Assurance insurance policy associated with the existing senior COFINA bonds, which bonds would be discharged and Ambac Assurance policy obligations with respect thereto would be released, in exchange for new COFINA bonds, cash amounts to be paid by COFINA plus additional cash consideration provided by Ambac Assurance equal to 5.25% of the accreted value of the Ambac Assurance-insured senior COFINA bonds as of the COFINA Petition Date or (ii) agree to deposit their Ambac Assurance-insured senior COFINA bonds into a a trust in exchange for units issued by the trust (the "COFINA Class 2 Trust"), which trust would receive the new COFINA bonds and the cash amounts to be paid by COFINA that such bondholders would have otherwise received to the extent they had elected the recovery under clause (i) above (thereby entitling the COFINA Class 2 Trust to receive debt service payments from COFINA with respect to the new COFINA bonds deposited into the trust), plus any accelerated policy payments (made solely at Ambac Assurance's own discretion) or claim payments due under the existing Ambac Assurance insurance policy for the deficiency relating to the existing senior COFINA bonds at the relevant scheduled payment dates (2047 through 2054). Any claims payable under the existing Ambac Assurance policy for the Ambac Assurance-insured senior COFINA bonds held in the trust will be reduced by all amounts distributed or deemed distributed from the trust to the holders of the trust units from the new COFINA bonds and cash as well as accelerated policy payments made by Ambac Assurance at its own discretion. Ambac makes no representation and can give no assurances that the new COFINA bonds or COFINA Class 2 Trust units, both of which are not insured by Ambac Assurance, will trade at par or any other price. Under the COFINA POA, Ambac Assurance-insured bondholders who did not affirmatively elect the trust option in clause (ii) above were deemed to have elected the commutation option described in clause (i) above. Approximately 75% of Ambac Assurance-insured senior COFINA bondholders, by measure of insured par, elected the commutation option or did not affirmatively elect to exchange their bonds for units of the COFINA Class 2 Trust.

As a result of the POA commutation and subsequent redemptions of obligations of the COFINA Class 2 Trust, Ambac Assurance's net par outstanding was reduced to $184,997 as of March 31, 2019. Ambac Assurance's remaining policy obligation of $184,997 net par is an asset of the COFINA Class 2 Trust, which holds a ratable

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 20~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(Dollar Amounts in Thousands, Except Share Amounts)~~

~~distribution of new COFINA bonds, the interest and principal from which can be used to partially offset Ambac’s remaining insurance liability. As further discussed in~~ ~~Note 3. Variable Interest Entities, Ambac Assurance is required to consolidate the COFINA Class 2 Trust.~~

~~At this time, it is unclear what impact the COFINA restructuring will have on the prospective recoveries of Ambac Assurance's other insured Puerto Rico instrumentalities.~~

Representation and Warranty Recoveries:

Ambac records estimated subrogation recoveries for breaches of R&Ws by sponsors of certain RMBS transactions. For a discussion of the approach utilized to estimate R&W subrogation recoveries, see Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included Part II, Item 8 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

Ambac has recorded R&W subrogation recoveries of ~~$1,766,022~~$1,764 ($~~1,739,836~~1,738 net of reinsurance) and ~~$1,770,546~~$1,727 ($~~1,744,243~~1,702 net of reinsurance) at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. R&W recovery proceeds up to the first $1,400 and above $1,600 have been pledged as security on certain of Ambac's long-term debt obligations as described further in Note 1. Background and Business Description in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included Part II, Item 8 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Below is the rollforward of R&W subrogation for the affected periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Discounted R&W subrogation (gross of reinsurance) at beginning of period	$	1,727	$	1,771
All other changes ⁽¹⁾	36		(43		)
Discounted R&W subrogation (gross of reinsurance) at end of period	$	1,764	$	1,727

Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 2018
Discounted R&W subrogation (gross of reinsurance) at beginning of period $ 1,770,546
$ 1,834,387
Impact of sponsor actions ⁽¹⁾
—
—
All other changes ⁽²⁾
(4,524 ) (877 )
Discounted R&W subrogation (gross of reinsurance) at end of period $ 1,766,022
$ 1,833,510


(1)	~~Sponsor actions include loan repurchases, direct payments to Ambac and other contributions from sponsors.~~


~~(2)~~	All other changes which may impact RMBS R&W subrogation recoveries include changes in actual or projected collateral ~~performance, changes in the creditworthiness of a sponsor and/or the projected timing of recoveries.~~

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 202020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

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AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in Millions, Except Share Amounts)

performance, changes in the creditworthiness of a sponsor and/or the projected timing of recoveries.

Our ability to realize R&W subrogation recoveries is subject to significant uncertainty, including risks inherent in ~~litigation,~~litigation; collectability of such amounts from counterparties (and/or their respective parents and affiliates),; timing of receipt of any such ~~recoveries,~~recoveries; intervention by OCI, which could impede our ability to take actions required to realize such ~~recoveries,~~recoveries; and uncertainty inherent in the assumptions used in estimating such recoveries. Failure to realize R&W subrogation recoveries for any reason or the realization of R&W subrogation recoveries materially below the amount recorded on Ambac's consolidated balance sheet would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition and may result in adverse consequences such as impairing the ability of Ambac Assurance to honor its financial obligations; the initiation of rehabilitation proceedings against Ambac Assurance; decreased likelihood of Ambac Assurance delivering value to Ambac, through dividends or otherwise; and a significant drop in the value of securities issued or insured by Ambac or Ambac Assurance.

Insurance intangible asset:

The insurance intangible amortization expense is included in insurance intangible amortization on the Consolidated Statements of Total Comprehensive Income (Loss). For the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, the insurance intangible amortization expense was ~~$36,278~~$13 and ~~$28,636,~~$36, respectively. As of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the gross carrying value of the insurance

intangible asset was ~~$1,561,070~~$1,261 and ~~$1,551,576,~~$1,273, respectively. Accumulated amortization of the insurance intangible asset was ~~$871,815~~$854 and ~~$832,645,~~$847, as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, resulting in a net insurance intangible asset of ~~$689,255~~$406 and ~~$718,931,~~$427, respectively.

The estimated future amortization expense for the net insurance intangible asset is as follows:


Amortization expense ⁽¹⁾
2019 (nine months)	$	47,410
2020	58,672
Amortization expense ^{(1) (2)}
2020 (nine months)			$	33
2021	53,229		39
2022	49,565		35
2023	46,241		32
2024			29
Thereafter	434,138		239

(1)

The insurance intangible asset will be amortized using a level-yield method based on par exposure of the related financial guarantee insurance or reinsurance contracts. Future amortization considers the use of contractual lives for many bond types which do not have homogeneous pools of underlying collateral. Actual maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay certain obligations. If those bonds types are retired early, amortization expense may differ in the period of call or refinancing.

(2) The weighted-average amortizations period is 7.6 years.

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 21~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(Dollar Amounts in Thousands, Except Share Amounts)~~

7. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Fair Value Measurement Topic of the ASC establishes a framework for measuring fair value and disclosures about fair value measurements.

Fair Value Hierarchy:

The Fair Value Measurement Topic of the ASC specifies a fair value hierarchy based on whether the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect Company-based assumptions. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes model inputs into three broad levels as follows:



l	Level 1	Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. Assets and liabilities classified as Level 1 include US Treasury and other foreign government obligations traded in highly liquid and transparent markets, certain highly liquid pooled fund investments, exchange traded futures contracts, variable rate demand obligations and money market funds.

l	Level 2	Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets. Assets and liabilities classified as Level 2 generally include investments in fixed income securities representing municipal, asset-backed and corporate obligations, certain interest rate swap contracts and most long-term debt of variable interest entities consolidated under the Consolidation Topic of the ASC.

l	Level 3	Model derived valuations in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. This hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available. Assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 include credit derivative contracts, certain uncollateralized interest rate swap contracts, equity interests in Ambac sponsored special purpose entities and certain investments in fixed income securities. Additionally, Level 3 assets and liabilities generally include loan receivables, and certain long-term debt of variable interest entities consolidated under the Consolidation Topic of the ASC.

The Fair Value Measurement Topic of the ASC permits, as a practical expedient, the estimation of fair value of certain investments in funds using the net asset value per share of the investment or its equivalent (“NAV”). Investments in funds valued using NAV are not categorized as Level 1, 2 or 3 under the fair value hierarchy. The following table sets forth the carrying amount and fair value of Ambac’s financial assets and liabilities as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, including the level within the fair value hierarchy at which fair value measurements are categorized. As required by the Fair Value Measurement Topic of the ASC, financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 2221 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

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AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)


	Carrying Amount			Total Fair Value		Fair Value Measurements Categorized as:						Carrying Amount			Total Fair Value			Fair Value Measurements Categorized as:
March 31, 2019:						Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
March 31, 2020:																		Carrying Amount		Total Fair Value			Level 1		Level 2	Level 3
Financial assets:
Fixed income securities:
Municipal obligations	$	424,884		$	424,884	$	—	$	424,884	$	—	$	218		$	218		$	—	$	218		$	—
Corporate obligations	1,233,544			1,233,544		—		1,233,544		—		1,261			1,261			—		1,261			—
Foreign obligations	31,292			31,292		30,379		913		—		42			42			42		—			—
U.S. government obligations	100,429			100,429		100,429		—		—		177			177			177		—			—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	256,285			256,285		—		256,285		—		203			203			—		203			—
Commercial mortgage-backed securities												51			51			—		51			—
Collateralized debt obligations	132,977			132,977		—		132,977		—		132			132			—		132			—
Other asset-backed securities	440,400			440,400		—		368,545		71,855		283			283			—		217			66
Fixed income securities, pledged as collateral:
U.S. government obligations	83,901			83,901		83,901		—		—
Short-term												85			85			85		—			—
Short term investments	908,235			908,235		864,065		44,170		—		586			586			528		57			—
Other investments ⁽¹⁾	428,556			404,775		102,257		—		17,730		363			345			84		—			30
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	21,840			21,840		15,891		5,949		—		89			89			86		3			—
Derivative assets:
Credit derivatives												—			—			—
Interest rate swaps—asset position	73,218			73,218		—		19,107		54,111		89			89			—		10			79
Futures contracts	3,182			3,182		3,182		—		—
Interest rate swaps—liability position												(1		)	(1		)	—		(1		)	—
Other assets - equity in sponsored VIE	4,148			4,148		—		—		4,148		3			3			—		—			3
Other assets-Loans	10,124			12,187		—		—		12,187		10			11			—		—			11
Variable interest entity assets:
Fixed income securities: Corporate obligations	2,858,404			2,858,404		—		—		2,858,404		2,806			2,806			—		—			2,806
Fixed income securities: Municipal obligations	270,591			270,591		—		270,591		—		122			122			—		122			—
Restricted cash	3,254			3,254		3,254		—		—		2			2			2		—			—
Loans	4,375,761			4,375,761		—		—		4,375,761		2,932			2,932			—		—			2,932
Derivative assets: Currency swaps-asset position	59,228			59,228		—		59,228		—		62			62			—		62			—
Total financial assets	$	11,720,253		$	11,698,535	$	1,203,358	$	2,816,193	$	7,394,196	$	9,513		$	9,498		$	1,004	$	2,335		$	5,927
Financial liabilities:
Long term debt, including accrued interest	$	3,320,562		$	3,324,313	$	—	$	2,942,229	$	382,084	$	3,217		$	2,924		$	—	$	2,584		$	341
Derivative liabilities:
Credit derivatives	1,077			1,077		—		—		1,077		2			2			—		—			2
Interest rate swaps—asset position	—			—		—				—		(1		)	(1		)	—		(1		)	—
Interest rate swaps—liability position	85,457			85,457		—		85,457		—		136			136			—		136			—
Futures contracts	—			—		—		—
Liabilities for net financial guarantees written⁽²⁾	(839,056		)	509,830		—		—		509,830		(763		)	1,057			—		—			1,057
Variable interest entity liabilities:
Long-term debt (includes $5,401,992 carried at fair value)	5,737,263			5,785,582		—		5,561,135		224,447
Long-term debt (includes $4,092 at fair value)												4,263			4,274			—		4,115			158
Derivative liabilities: Interest rate swaps—liability position	1,781,903			1,781,903		—		1,781,903		—		1,610			1,610			—		1,610			—
Total financial liabilities	$	10,087,206		$	11,488,162	$	—	$	10,370,724	$	1,117,438	$	8,464		$	10,001		$	—	$	8,444		$	1,558

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 2322 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

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AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)


	Carrying Amount			Total Fair Value		Fair Value Measurements Categorized as:						Carrying Amount			Total Fair Value		Fair Value Measurements Categorized as:
December 31, 2018:						Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
December 31, 2019:																	Carrying Amount		Total Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2	Level 3
Financial assets:
Fixed income securities:
Municipal obligations	$	879,919		$	879,919	$	—	$	879,919	$	—	$	215		$	215	$	—	$	215	$	—
Corporate obligations	1,278,122			1,278,122		—		1,278,122		—		1,430			1,430		—		1,430		—
Foreign obligations	30,834			30,834		29,922		912		—		44			44		44		—		—
U.S. government obligations	94,394			94,394		94,394		—		—		156			156		156		—		—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	258,607			258,607		—		258,607		—		248			248		—		248		—
Commercial mortgage-backed securities												50			50		—		50		—
Collateralized debt obligations	131,356			131,356		—		131,356		—		146			146		—		146		—
Other asset-backed securities	442,443			442,443		—		370,372		72,071		287			287		—		215		72
Fixed income securities, pledged as collateral:
Short-term												85			85		85		—		—
Short term investments	430,331			430,331		304,880		125,451		—		653			653		598		55		—
Other investments ⁽¹⁾	391,217			367,315		71,108		—		16,266		478			493		136		—		61
Cash and cash equivalents	82,494			82,494		52,661		29,833		—
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash												79			79		70		9		—
Derivative assets:
Interest rate swaps—asset position	59,468			59,468		—		12,008		47,460		75			75		—		8		67
Other assets - equity in sponsored VIE	4,516			4,516		—		—		4,516		3			3		—		—		3
Other assets-Loans	9,913			11,620		—		—		11,620
Other assets-loans												10			13		—		—		13
Variable interest entity assets:
Fixed income securities: Corporate obligations	2,737,286			2,737,286		—		—		2,737,286		2,957			2,957		—		—		2,957
Fixed income securities: Municipal obligations												164			164		—		164		—
Restricted cash	999			999		999		—		—		2			2		2		—		—
Loans	4,287,664			4,287,664		—		—		4,287,664		3,108			3,108		—		—		3,108
Derivative assets: Currency swaps—asset position	66,302			66,302		—		66,302		—		52			52		—		52		—
Total financial assets	$	11,185,865		$	11,163,670	$	553,964	$	3,152,882	$	7,176,883	$	10,242		$	10,260	$	1,091	$	2,593	$	6,281
Financial liabilities:
Long term debt, including accrued interest	$	3,304,737		$	3,259,966	$	—	$	2,909,272	$	350,694	$	3,262		$	3,274	$	—	$	2,829	$	445
Derivative liabilities:
Credit derivatives	1,459			1,459		—		—		1,459
Interest rate swaps—liability position	71,861			71,861		—		71,861		—		89			89		—		89		—
Futures contracts	3,379			3,379		3,379		—
Liabilities for net financial guarantees written ⁽²⁾	(718,388		)	558,824		—		—		558,824		(863		)	284		—		—		284
Variable interest entity liabilities:
Long-term debt	5,268,596			5,268,596		—		5,051,504		217,092		4,554			4,567		—		4,408		159
Derivative liabilities: Interest rate swaps—liability position	1,712,062			1,712,062		—		1,712,062		—		1,657			1,657		—		1,657		—
Total financial liabilities	$	9,643,706		$	10,876,147	$	3,379	$	9,744,699	$	1,128,069	$	8,699		$	9,872	$	—	$	8,983	$	889


(1)	Excluded from the fair value measurement categories in the table above are investment funds of ~~$284,788~~$232 and ~~$279,941~~$296 as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, which are measured using NAV ~~per share~~ as a practical expedient.

(2)

The carrying value of net financial guarantees written includes the following balance sheet items: Premium receivables; Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses; Deferred ceded premium; Subrogation recoverable; Insurance intangible asset; Unearned premiums; Loss and loss expense reserves; Ceded premiums payable, premiums taxes payable and other deferred fees recorded in Other liabilities.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 232020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

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AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in Millions, Except Share Amounts)

Determination of Fair Value:

When available, Ambac uses quoted active market prices specific to the financial instrument to determine fair value, and classifies such items within Level 1. The determination of fair value for financial instruments categorized in Level 2 or 3 involves ~~significant~~ judgment due to the complexity of factors contributing to the valuation. Third-party sources from which we obtain independent market quotes also use assumptions, judgments and estimates in determining financial instrument values and different third parties may use different methodologies or provide different values for financial instruments. In addition, the use of internal valuation

models may require assumptions about hypothetical or inactive markets. As a result of these factors, the actual trade value of a financial instrument in the market, or exit value of a financial instrument position by Ambac, may be significantly different from its recorded fair value.

Ambac’s financial instruments carried at fair value are mainly comprised of investments in fixed income securities, equity interests in pooled investment funds, derivative instruments, certain variable interest entity assets and liabilities and interests in Ambac sponsored special purpose entities. Valuation of financial instruments is performed by Ambac’s finance group using methods approved by

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~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(Dollar Amounts in Thousands, Except Share Amounts)~~

senior financial management with consultation from risk management and portfolio managers as appropriate. Preliminary valuation results are discussed with portfolio managers quarterly to assess consistency with market transactions and trends as applicable. Market transactions such as trades or negotiated settlements of similar positions, if any, are reviewed to validate fair value model results. However, many of the financial instruments valued using significant unobservable inputs have very little or no observable market activity. Methods and significant inputs and assumptions used to determine fair values across portfolios are reviewed quarterly by senior financial management. Other valuation control procedures specific to particular portfolios are described further below.

We reflect Ambac’s own creditworthiness in the fair value of financial liabilities by including a credit valuation adjustment (“CVA”) in the determination of fair value. A decline (increase) in Ambac’s creditworthiness as perceived by market participants will generally result in a higher (lower) CVA, thereby lowering (increasing) the fair value of Ambac’s financial liabilities as reported.

Fixed Income Securities:

The fair values of fixed income investment securities are based primarily on market prices received from ~~dealer~~ quotes or alternative pricing ~~sources with reasonable levels of price transparency.~~sources. Because many fixed income securities do not trade on a daily basis, pricing sources apply available market information through processes such as matrix pricing to calculate fair value. Such prices generally consider a variety of factors, including recent trades of the same and similar securities. In those cases, the items are classified within Level 2. For those fixed income investments where quotes were not available or cannot be reasonably corroborated, fair values are based on internal valuation models. Key inputs to the internal valuation models generally include maturity date, coupon and yield curves for asset-type and credit rating characteristics that closely match those characteristics of the specific investment securities being valued. Items valued using valuation models are classified according to the lowest level input or value driver that is significant to the valuation. Thus, an item may be classified in Level 3 even though there may be significant inputs that are readily observable. Longer (shorter) expected maturities or higher (lower) yields used in the valuation model will, in isolation, result in decreases (increases) in fair value. Generally, lower credit ratings or longer expected maturities will be accompanied by higher yields used to value a security. At March 31, 2020, approximately 4%, 94% and 2% of the fixed income investment portfolio

(excluding variable interest entity investments) was valued using broker quotes, alternative pricing sources and internal valuation models, respectively. At December 31, 2019, approximately 8%4%, ~~90%~~94% and 2% of the fixed income investment portfolio (excluding variable interest entity investments) was valued using ~~dealer~~broker quotes, alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency and internal valuation models, respectively. At December 31, 2018, approximately 8%, 90% and 2% of the fixed income investment portfolio (excluding variable interest entity investments) was valued using dealer quotes, alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency and internal valuation models, respectively.

Ambac performs various review and validation procedures to quoted and modeled prices for fixed income securities, including price variance analyses, missing and static price reviews, overall valuation analysis by portfolio managers and finance managers and

reviews associated with our ongoing impairment analysis. Unusual prices identified through these procedures will be evaluated further against alternative third party quotes (if available) and/or internally modeled prices, and the pricing source values will be challenged as necessary. Price challenges generally result in the use of the pricing source’s quote as originally provided or as revised by the source following their internal diligence process. A price challenge may result in a determination by either the pricing source or Ambac management that the pricing source cannot provide a reasonable value for a security or cannot adequately support a quote, in which case Ambac would resort to using either other quotes or internal models. Results of price challenges are reviewed by portfolio managers and finance managers.

Information about the valuation inputs for fixed income securities classified as Level 3 is included below:

Other asset-backed securities: ~~These securities are~~This security is a subordinated tranche of a resecuritization collateralized by Ambac-insured military housing bonds. The fair value ~~of such securities~~ classified as Level 3 was ~~$71,855~~$66 and ~~$72,071~~$72 at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. Fair value was calculated using a discounted cash flow approach with expected future cash flows discounted using a yield consistent with the security type and rating. Significant inputs for the valuation at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 include the ~~following weighted averages:~~following:



March 31, 2020:
a. Coupon rate:	5.98%
b. Average Life:	15.36 years
c. Yield:	13.00%

December 31, 2019:
a. Coupon rate:	5.97%
b. Average Life:	~~16.11~~15.58 years
c. Yield:	~~12.00%~~

~~December 31, 2018:~~
~~a. Coupon rate:~~	~~5.97%~~
~~b. Maturity:~~	~~16.29 years~~
~~c. Yield:~~	~~12.00%~~11.75%

Other Investments:

Other investments primarily relate to investments in pooled investment funds. The fair value of pooled investment funds is determined using dealer quotes or alternative pricing sources when such investments have readily determinable fair values. When fair value is not readily determinable, pooled investment funds are valued using ~~the net asset value (“NAV”) per share~~NAV as a practical expedient as permitted under the Fair Value Measurement Topic of the ASC. Refer to Note 8.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 242020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

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AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in Millions, Except Share Amounts)

Investments for additional information about such investments in pooled funds that are reported at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient.

Other investments also includes Ambac's equity interest in a non-consolidated VIE ~~which~~created in connection with Ambac's monetization of Ambac Assurance junior surplus notes. This equity interest is carried under the equity method. ~~Valuation of this~~Fair value for the non-consolidated VIE equity interest is internally calculated using a ~~discounted cash flow~~market approach and is classified as Level 3.

Derivative Instruments:

Ambac’s derivative instruments primarily comprise interest rate swaps, credit default swaps and exchange traded futures contracts.

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 25~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

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~~AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(Dollar Amounts in Thousands, Except Share Amounts)~~

Fair value is determined based upon market quotes from independent sources, when available. When independent quotes are not available, fair value is determined using valuation models. These valuation models require market-driven inputs, including contractual terms, credit spreads and ratings on underlying referenced obligations, yield curves and tax-exempt interest ratios. The valuation of certain ~~interest rate as well as all credit~~ derivative contracts also require the use of data inputs and assumptions that are determined by management and are not readily observable in the market. Under the Fair Value Measurement Topic of the ASC, Ambac is required to consider its own credit risk when measuring the fair value of derivatives and other liabilities. ~~Additional factors~~Factors considered in estimating the amount of any Ambac ~~CVA~~credit valuation adjustment ("CVA") on such contracts include collateral posting provisions, right of set-off with the counterparty, the period of time remaining on the derivative and the pricing of recent terminations. The fair value of credit derivative liabilities was reduced by ~~$93~~$0 and ~~$138~~$0 at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, as a result of incorporating an Ambac CVA into the valuation model for these contracts. Interest rate swap liabilities are collateralized and are not adjusted with an Ambac CVA at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

Interest rate swaps that are not centrally cleared are valued using vendor-developed models that incorporate interest rates and yield curves that are observable and regularly quoted. These models provide the net present value of the derivatives based on contractual terms and observable market data. Generally, the need for counterparty (or Ambac) CVAs on interest rate derivatives is mitigated by the existence of collateral posting agreements under which adequate collateral has been posted. Certain of these derivative contracts entered into with financial guarantee customers are not subject to collateral posting agreements. Counterparty credit risk related to such customer derivative assets is included in our determination of their fair ~~value adjustments.~~value.

Ambac's remaining credit derivatives ("CDS") are valued using an internal model that uses traditional financial guarantee CDS pricing to calculate the fair value of the derivative contract based on the reference obligation's current pricing, remaining life and credit rating and Ambac's own credit risk. The model calculates the difference between the present value of the projected fees receivable under the CDS and our estimate of the fees a financial guarantor of comparable credit quality would charge to provide the same protection at the balance sheet date. Unobservable inputs used include Ambac's internal reference obligation credit ratings and expected life, estimates of fees that would be charged to assume the credit derivative obligation and Ambac's CVA. Ambac is party to

only ~~two~~one remaining credit ~~derivatives~~derivative with internal credit ~~ratings~~rating of AA ~~or better~~ at March 31, ~~2019.~~2020. Ambac has not made any significant changes to its modeling techniques or related model inputs for the periods presented.

Financial Guarantees:

Fair value of net financial guarantees written represents our estimate of the cost to Ambac to completely transfer its insurance obligation to another market participant of comparable credit worthiness. In theory, this amount should be the same amount that another market participant of comparable credit worthiness would hypothetically charge in the market place, on a present value basis, to provide the same protection as of the balance sheet date. This fair value estimate

of financial guarantees is presented on a net basis and includes direct and assumed contracts written, net of ceded reinsurance contracts.

The fair value estimate of financial guarantees is computed by utilizing cash flows calculated at the policy level. For direct and assumed contracts, net cash flows for each policy includes future: (i) installment premium receipts, (ii) gross claim payments, and (iii) subrogation receipts. For ceded reinsurance contracts, net cash flows for each policy includes future: (i) installment ceded premium payments, (ii) ceding commission receipts, (iii) ceded claim receipts, and (iv) ceded subrogation payments. For each assumed or ceded reinsurance contract, the respective undiscounted cash flow components are aggregated to determine if we are in a net asset or net liability position. U.S. GAAP requires that the nonperformance risk of a financial liability be included in the estimation of fair value, which includes considering Ambac Assurance’s own credit risk. Accordingly, for each contract in a net liability position, we estimate the fair value using internally developed discount rates and market pricing that incorporate Ambac’s own credit risk and subsequently apply a profit margin. This profit margin represents what another market participant would require to assume the financial guarantee contracts. A profit margin was developed based on discussions with the third-party institutions with valuation expertise and discussions with industry participants. The discount rates used for contracts in a net liability position are derived from the rates implicit in the fair value of Ambac guaranteed securities with future cash flows that are highly dependent upon Ambac financial guarantee payments. For each contract in a net asset position, we estimate the fair value using a discount rate that is commensurate with a hypothetical buyer’s cost of capital.

This methodology is based on management’s expectations of how a market participant would estimate net cash flows. We are aware of a number of factors that may cause such fair or exit value to differ, perhaps materially. For example, since no financial guarantor with Ambac Assurance’s credit quality is writing or otherwise obtaining financial guarantee business (e.g. reinsurance or novation of policies from other insurers) we do not have access to observable pricing data points.

Long-term Debt:

Long-term debt includes Ambac Assurance ~~senior~~ surplus notes and junior surplus notes, ~~and~~ the Ambac Note and Tier 2 Notes issued in connection with the Rehabilitation Exit ~~Transactions.~~Transactions and the Ambac UK debt issued in connection with the Ballantyne commutation. The fair values of ~~senior~~ surplus notes, the Ambac Note and Tier 2 Notes are classified as Level 2. The fair value of junior surplus notes and Ambac UK debt are classified as Level 3.

Other Financial Assets and Liabilities:

~~The fair values of~~Included in Other assets are Loans and Ambac’s equity interest in an Ambac sponsored ~~VIEs~~VIE established to provide certain financial guarantee clients with funding for their debt obligations. The fair values of these financial assets are estimated based upon internal valuation models and are classified as Level 3.

Variable Interest Entity Assets and Liabilities:

The financial assets and liabilities of VIEs consolidated under the Consolidation Topic of the ASC consist primarily of fixed income securities, loans, derivative and debt instruments and are generally carried at fair value. These consolidated VIEs are securitization entities which have liabilities and/or assets guaranteed by Ambac Assurance or Ambac UK. The fair values of VIE debt instruments

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~~AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(Dollar Amounts in Thousands, Except Share Amounts)~~

are determined using the same methodologies used to value Ambac’s fixed income securities in its investment portfolio as described above. VIE debt fair value is based on market prices received from ~~dealer quotes or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency.~~independent market sources. Such quotes are considered Level 2 and generally consider a variety of factors, including recent trades of the same and similar securities. ~~For those~~ VIE debt ~~instruments where quotes~~fair value balances at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were ~~not available, the debt instrument fair values are considered Level 3 and are~~ based on ~~internal discounted cash flow models.~~market prices received from independent market sources and do not use significant unobservable inputs. Comparable to the sensitivities of investments in fixed income securities described above, longer (shorter) expected maturities or higher (lower) yields used in the valuation model will, in isolation, result in decreases (increases) in fair value liability measurement for VIE debt. VIE debt instruments considered Level 3 include fixed rate notes secured by various asset types, primarily European ABS. Information about the valuation inputs for the various VIE debt categories classified as Level 3 is as follows:

~~European ABS transactions:~~ The fair value of such obligations classified as Level 3 was $224,447 and $217,092 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Fair values were calculated by using a discounted cash flow approach. The discount rates used were based on the rates implied from the third party quoted values for comparable notes from the same securitization entity. Significant inputs for the valuation at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 include the following weighted averages:



~~March 31, 2019:~~
~~a. Coupon rate:~~	~~2.20%~~
~~b. Maturity:~~	~~18.68 years~~
~~c. Yield:~~	~~3.05%~~

~~December 31, 2018:~~
~~a. Coupon rate:~~	~~2.20%~~
~~b. Maturity:~~	~~18.93 years~~
~~c. Yield:~~	~~3.18%~~

VIE derivative asset and liability fair values are determined using valuation models. When specific derivative contractual terms are available and may be valued primarily by reference to interest rates, foreign exchange rates and yield curves that are observable and regularly quoted, the derivatives are valued using vendor-developed models. Other derivatives within the VIEs that include significant unobservable valuation inputs are valued using internally developed

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 252020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

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AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in Millions, Except Share Amounts)

models. VIE derivative liability fair value balances at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 were developed using vendor-developed models and do not use significant unobservable inputs.

The fair value of VIE assets are obtained from market quotes when available. Typically VIE asset fair values are not readily available from market quotes and are estimated internally. The consolidated VIEs are ~~securitization~~ entities in which net cash flows from assets and derivatives (after adjusting for financial guarantor cash flows and other expenses) will be paid out to note holders or equity interests. Internal valuations of VIE assets (fixed income securities or loans), therefore, are generally derived from the fair value of notes and derivatives, as described above, adjusted for the fair value of cash flows from Ambac’s financial guarantee. The fair value of financial guarantee cash flows include: (i) estimated future premiums discounted at a rate consistent with that implicit in the fair value of the VIE’s liabilities and (ii) internal estimates of future loss payments by Ambac discounted at a rate that includes Ambac’s own credit risk. Estimated future premium payments to be paid by the VIEs were discounted at a ~~weighted~~par-weighted average rate of ~~3.0%~~2.5% and ~~3.1%~~2.7% at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. At March 31, 2020, the range of these discount rates was between 2.3% and 11.0%. The value of future loss payments to be paid by Ambac to the VIEs was adjusted to include an Ambac CVA appropriate for the term of expected Ambac claim payments.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 2726 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Table of Contents

AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)

Additional Fair Value Information for Financial Assets and Liabilities Accounted for at Fair Value:

The following tables present the changes in the Level 3 fair value category for the periods presented in ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018.~~2019. Ambac classifies financial instruments in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy when there is reliance on at least one significant unobservable input to the valuation model. In addition to these unobservable inputs, the valuation models for Level 3 financial instruments typically also rely on a number of inputs that are readily observable either directly or indirectly. Thus, the gains and losses presented below include changes in the fair value related to both observable and unobservable inputs.


Level 3 - Financial Assets and Liabilities Accounted for at Fair Value	Level 3 - Financial Assets and Liabilities Accounted for at Fair Value																						Level 3 - Financial Assets and Liabilities Accounted for at Fair Value
											VIE Assets and Liabilities																					VIE Assets and Liabilities
																								Investments			Other Assets⁽¹⁾		Derivatives			Investments			Loans			Long-term Debt			Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020:																							Three Months Ended March 31, 2020:
Balance, beginning of period																								$	72		$	3	$	66		$	2,957		$	3,108		$	—		$	6,207
Total gains/(losses) realized and unrealized:
Included in earnings																								—			—		12			30			88			—			130
Included in other comprehensive income																								(6		)	—		—			(181		)	(190		)	—			(377		)
Purchases																								—			—		—			—			—			—			—
Issuances																								—			—		—			—			—			—			—
Sales																								—			—		—			—			—			—			—
Settlements																								—			—		(1		)	—			(74		)	—			(76		)
Balance, end of period																								$	66		$	3	$	77		$	2,806		$	2,932		$	—		$	5,884
The amount of total gains/(losses) included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets and liabilities still held at the reporting date																								$	—		$	—	$	12		$	30		$	88		$	—		$	129
The amount of total gains/(losses) included in other comprehensive income attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets and liabilities still held at the reporting date																								$	(6	)	$	—	$	—		$	(181	)	$	(190	)	$	—		$	(377	)
		Investments			Other Assets⁽¹⁾			Derivatives			Investments			Loans			Long-term Debt			Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019:	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019:																						Three Months Ended March 31, 2019:
Balance, beginning of period		$	72,071		$	4,516		$	46,001		$	2,737,286		$	4,287,664		$	(217,092	)	$	6,930,446			$	72		$	5	$	46		$	2,737		$	4,288		$	(217	)	$	6,930
Total gains/(losses) realized and unrealized:
Included in earnings		383			(368		)	8,187			66,919			88,281			(3,053		)	160,349				—			—		8			67			88			(3		)	160
Included in other comprehensive income		(270		)	—			—			54,199			85,061			(4,302		)	134,688				—			—		—			54			85			(4		)	135
Purchases		—			—			—			—			—			—			—				—			—		—			—			—			—			—
Issuances		—			—			—			—			—			—			—				—			—		—			—			—			—			—
Sales		—			—			—			—			—			—			—				—			—		—			—			—			—			—
Settlements		(329		)	—			(1,154		)	—			(85,245		)	—			(86,728		)		—			—		(1		)	—			(85		)	—			(87		)
Balance, end of period		$	71,855		$	4,148		$	53,034		$	2,858,404		$	4,375,761		$	(224,447	)	$	7,138,755			$	72		$	4	$	53		$	2,858		$	4,376		$	(224	)	$	7,139
The amount of total gains/(losses) included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets and liabilities still held at the reporting date		$	—		$	(368	)	$	8,096		$	66,919		$	88,281		$	(3,053	)	$	159,875			$	—		$	—	$	8		$	67		$	88		$	3		$	166

Three Months Ended March 31, 2018:
Balance, beginning of period		$	808,557		$	5,979		$	60,808		$	2,914,145		$	11,529,384		$	(2,757,688	)	$	12,561,185
Total gains/(losses) realized and unrealized:
Included in earnings		35,184			(358		)	(9,375		)	(69,026		)	(202,588		)	159,985			(86,178		)
Included in other comprehensive income		(52,508		)	—			—			110,644			423,892			(103,877		)	378,151
Purchases		—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Issuances		—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Sales		—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Settlements		(713,603		)	—			(1,525		)	—			(192,357		)	5,064			(902,421		)
Balance, end of period		$	77,630		$	5,621		$	49,908		$	2,955,763		$	11,558,331		$	(2,696,516	)	$	11,950,737
The amount of total gains/(losses) included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets and liabilities still held at the reporting date		$	—		$	(358	)	$	(9,481	)	$	(69,026	)	$	(202,588	)	$	159,985		$	(121,468	)


(1)	Other assets carried at fair value and classified as Level 3 relate to an equity interest in an Ambac sponsored VIE.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 2827 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Table of Contents

AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)

The tables below provide roll-forward information by class of investments and derivatives measured using significant unobservable inputs.


Level 3 - Investments by Class:
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019								Three Months Ended March 31, 2018									Three Months Ended March 31,
	Other Asset Backed Securities			Non-Agency RMBS		Total Investments			Other Asset Backed Securities			Non-Agency RMBS			Total Investments
Other Asset Backed Securities																		2020			2019
Balance, beginning of period	$	72,071		$	—	$	72,071		$	72,540		$	736,017		$	808,557		$	72		$	72
Total gains/(losses) realized and unrealized:
Included in earnings	383			—		383			457			34,727			35,184			—			—
Included in other comprehensive income	(270		)	—		(270		)	(370		)	(52,138		)	(52,508		)	(6		)	—
Purchases	—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Issuances	—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Sales	—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Settlements	(329		)	—		(329		)	(306		)	(713,297		)	(713,603		)	—			—
Balance, end of period	$	71,855		$	—	$	71,855		$	72,321		$	5,309		$	77,630		$	66		$	72
The amount of total gains/(losses) included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets and liabilities still held at the reporting date	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
The amount of total gains/(losses) included in other comprehensive income attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets and liabilities still held at the reporting date																		(6		)


Level 3 - Derivatives by Class:
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019									Three Months Ended March 31, 2018									Three Months Ended March 31, 2020									Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
	Interest Rate Swaps			Credit Derivatives			Total Derivatives			Interest Rate Swaps			Credit Derivatives			Total Derivatives			Interest Rate Swaps			Credit Derivatives			Total Derivatives			Interest Rate Swaps			Credit Derivatives			Total Derivatives
Balance, beginning of period	$	47,460		$	(1,459	)	$	46,001		$	61,374		$	(566	)	$	60,808		$	67		$	—		$	66		$	47		$	(1	)	$	46
Total gains/(losses) realized and unrealized:
Included in earnings	7,714			473			8,187			(9,029		)	(346		)	(9,375		)	13			(1		)	12			8			—			8
Included in other comprehensive income	—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Purchases	—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Issuances	—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Sales	—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Settlements	(1,063		)	(91		)	(1,154		)	(1,419		)	(106		)	(1,525		)	(1		)	—			(1		)	(1		)	—			(1		)
Balance, end of period	$	54,111		$	(1,077	)	$	53,034		$	50,926		$	(1,018	)	$	49,908		$	79		$	(2	)	$	77		$	54		$	(1	)	$	53
The amount of total gains/(losses) included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets and liabilities still held at the reporting date	$	7,714		$	382		$	8,096		$	(9,029	)	$	(452	)	$	(9,481	)	$	13		$	(2	)	$	12		$	8		$	—		$	8

Invested assets and VIE long-term debt are transferred into Level 3 when internal valuation models that include significant unobservable inputs are used to estimate fair value. All such securities that have internally modeled fair values have been classified as Level 3.

Derivative instruments are transferred into Level 3 when the use of unobservable inputs becomes significant to the overall valuation.

There were no transfers ~~between Levels 1, 2~~of financial instruments into or out of Level 3 in the periods disclosed.

Gains and losses (realized and unrealized) relating to Level 3 assets and liabilities included in earnings for the affected periods ~~presented. All transfers between fair value hierarchy Levels 1, 2 and 3~~ are ~~recognized at the beginning of each accounting period.~~reported as follows:

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 2928 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Table of Contents

AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)

~~Gains and losses (realized and unrealized) relating to Level 3 assets and liabilities included in earnings for the affected periods are reported as follows:~~


	Net Investment Income		Net Gains (Losses) on Derivative Contracts			Income (Loss) on Variable Interest Entities			Other Income or (Loss)			Net Investment Income		Net Gains (Losses) on Derivative Contracts		Income (Loss) on Variable Interest Entities		Other Income or (Loss)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020:
Total gains or losses included in earnings for the period												$	—	$	12	$	118	$	—
Changes in unrealized gains or losses included in earnings relating to the assets and liabilities still held at the reporting date												—		12		118		—

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019:
Total gains or losses included in earnings for the period	$	383	$	8,187		$	152,147		$	(368	)	$	—	$	8	$	152	$	—
Changes in unrealized gains or losses relating to the assets and liabilities still held at the reporting date	—		8,096			152,147			(368		)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2018:
Total gains or losses included in earnings for the period	$	35,184	$	(9,375	)	$	(111,629	)	$	(358	)
Changes in unrealized gains or losses relating to the assets and liabilities still held at the reporting date	—		(9,481		)	(111,629		)	(358		)
Changes in unrealized gains or losses included in earnings relating to the assets and liabilities still held at the reporting date												—		8		152		—

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 30~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(Dollar Amounts in Thousands, Except Share Amounts)~~

8. INVESTMENTS

Ambac’s non-VIE invested assets are primarily comprised of fixed income securities classified as available-for-sale and ~~equity~~ interests in pooled investment ~~funds. Such equity interests~~funds which are reported within Other investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Interests in pooled investment funds in the form of common stock or in-substance common stock are classified as trading securities, ~~and~~while limited partner interests in such funds are reported ~~within Other investments on~~using the ~~Consolidated Balance Sheets.~~equity method. Other investments also include ~~Ambac's~~ equity ~~interest~~interests held by AFG including in an unconsolidated trust created in connection with its sale of Segregated Account junior surplus notes on August 28, 2014.

Disclosures in this Note for the period ended March 31, 2020, are in accordance with the new CECL standard adopted January 1, 2020, which is more fully described in Note 2, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies. To the extent disclosures for periods prior to January 1, 2020, made in accordance with prior GAAP rules differ from disclosures under the new CECL standard, such differences are explained below.

Fixed Income Securities:

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of available-for-sale investments, excluding VIE investments, at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 were as follows:


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Non-credit Other-than temporary Impairments ⁽¹⁾		Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Gross Unrealized Gains in AOCI		Gross Unrealized Losses in AOCI		Estimated Fair Value
March 31, 2019:
March 31, 2020:
Fixed income securities:
Municipal obligations	$	406,315	$	20,356	$	1,787	$	424,884	$	—	$	196	$	—	$	23	$	1	$	218
Corporate obligations ⁽²⁾⁽¹⁾	1,223,640		14,312		4,408		1,233,544		—		1,284		—		18		42		1,261
Foreign obligations	30,719		599		26		31,292		—		41		—		1		—		42
U.S. government obligations	99,808		1,185		564		100,429				168		—		10		—		177
Residential mortgage-backed securities	216,904		39,504		123		256,285		123		207		—		14		19		203
Commercial mortgage-backed securities											51		—		1		1		51
Collateralized debt obligations	133,736		28		787		132,977		—		144		—		—		11		132
Other asset-backed securities	369,410		71,623		633		440,400		—		277		—		14		8		283
	2,480,532		147,607		8,328		2,619,811		123		2,367		—		81		81		2,367
Short-term	908,209		43		17		908,235		—		586		—		—		—		586
	3,388,741		147,650		8,345		3,528,046		123		2,953		—		81		81		2,952
Fixed income securities pledged as collateral:
U.S. government obligations	83,901		—		—		83,901		—
Total fixed income securities pledged as collateral	83,901		—		—		83,901		—
Short-term											85		—		—		—		85
Total collateralized investments											85		—		—		—		85
Total available-for-sale investments	$	3,472,642	$	147,650	$	8,345	$	3,611,947	$	123	$	3,038	$	—	$	81	$	81	$	3,037

December 31, 2018:
Fixed income securities:
Municipal obligations	$	882,631	$	14,364	$	17,076	$	879,919	$	5
Corporate obligations ⁽²⁾	1,288,882		6,444		17,204		1,278,122		—
Foreign obligations	30,496		399		61		30,834		—
U.S. government obligations	93,636		1,371		613		94,394		—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	221,825		37,575		793		258,607		27
Collateralized debt obligations	133,075		8		1,727		131,356		—
Other asset-backed securities	370,199		72,868		624		442,443		—
	3,020,744		133,029		38,098		3,115,675		32
Short-term	430,405		23		97		430,331		—
Total available-for-sale investments	$	3,451,149	$	133,052	$	38,195	$	3,546,006	$	32


~~(1)~~	Represents the amount of non-credit other-than-temporary impairment losses remaining in accumulated other comprehensive income on securities that also had a credit impairment. These losses are included in gross unrealized losses as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.


~~(2)~~	~~Includes Ambac's holdings of the secured notes issued by Ambac LSNI in connection with the Rehabilitation Exit Transactions.~~

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 3129 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Table of Contents

AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)



	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Non-credit Other-than temporary Impairments ⁽²⁾
December 31, 2019:
Fixed income securities:
Municipal obligations	$	194	$	22	$	—	$	215	$	—
Corporate obligations ⁽¹⁾	1,396		36		2		1,430		—
Foreign obligations	44		1		—		44		—
U.S. government obligations	157		2		2		156		—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	200		47		—		248		—
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	49		1		—		50		—
Collateralized debt obligations	147		—		1		146		—
Other asset-backed securities	263		24		—		287		—
	2,450		132		5		2,577		—
Short-term	653		—		—		653		—
	3,103		132		5		3,230		—
Fixed income securities pledged as collateral:
Short-term	85		—		—		85		—
Total collateralized investments	85		—		—		85		—
Total available-for-sale investments	$	3,187	$	132	$	5	$	3,314	$	—


(1)	Includes Ambac's holdings of the secured notes issued by Ambac LSNI in connection with the Rehabilitation Exit Transactions.


(2)	At December 31, 2019, represents the amount of non-credit other-than-temporary impairment losses remaining in accumulated other comprehensive income on securities that also had a credit impairment. These losses are included in gross unrealized losses at December 31, 2019.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of available-for-sale investments, excluding VIE investments, at March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, by contractual maturity, were as follows:


	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	1,076,361	$	1,076,545	$	683	$	683
Due after one year through five years	999,235		1,006,812		1,083		1,062
Due after five years through ten years	316,441		323,494		447		462
Due after ten years	360,555		375,434		145		161
	2,752,592		2,782,285		2,359		2,368
Residential mortgage-backed securities	216,904		256,285		207		203
Commercial mortgage-backed securities					51		51
Collateralized debt obligations	133,736		132,977		144		132
Other asset-backed securities	369,410		440,400		277		283
Total	$	3,472,642	$	3,611,947	$	3,038	$	3,037

Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay certain obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

Unrealized Losses on Fixed Income Securities:

The following table shows gross unrealized losses and fair values of Ambac’s available-for-sale investments, excluding VIE investments, which at March 31, 2020, did not have an allowance for credit losses under the new CECL standard and, at December 31, 2019 did not have other-than-temporary impairments recorded in earnings under prior GAAP. This information is aggregated by investment category and length of time that the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018:~~

Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
Fair Value Gross
Unrealized
Loss Fair Value Gross
Unrealized
Loss Fair Value Gross
Unrealized
Loss
March 31, 2019:
Fixed income securities:
Municipal obligations $ 20,997
$ 951
$ 25,865
$ 836
$ 46,862
$ 1,787
Corporate obligations 39,639
550
256,406
3,858
296,045
4,408
Foreign obligations 401
4
3,980
22
4,381
26
U.S. government obligations 12,793
360
53,861
204
66,654
564
Residential mortgage-backed securities 4,375
122
243
1
4,618
123
Collateralized debt obligations 101,939
787
—
—
101,939
787
Other asset-backed securities 3,840
9
83,645
624
87,485
633
183,984
2,783
424,000
5,545
607,984
8,328
Short-term 99,429
17
—
—
99,429
17
Total temporarily impaired securities $ 283,413
$ 2,800
$ 424,000
$ 5,545
$ 707,413
$ 8,345
2019:

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 3230 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Table of Contents

AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)


	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total				Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss
December 31, 2018:
March 31, 2020:
Fixed income securities:
Municipal obligations	$	537,904	$	15,878	$	28,533	$	1,198	$	566,437	$	17,076	$	15	$	1	$	8	$	—	$	23	$	1
Corporate obligations	306,506		8,634		190,273		8,570		496,779		17,204		769		42		—		—		769		42
Foreign obligations	1,161		1		5,163		60		6,324		61		1		—		—		—		1		—
U.S. government obligations	5,643		135		58,495		478		64,138		613		3		—		—		—		3		—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	34,852		793		—		—		34,852		793		125		19		—		—		125		19
Commercial mortgage-backed securities													24		1		—		—		24		1
Collateralized debt obligations	123,848		1,727		—		—		123,848		1,727		99		8		33		3		132		11
Other asset-backed securities	13,813		33		77,479		591		91,292		624		83		7		7		1		90		8
	1,023,727		27,201		359,943		10,897		1,383,670		38,098		1,119		77		48		4		1,167		81
Short-term	115,374		97		—		—		115,374		97		50		—		—		—		50		—
Total temporarily impaired securities	$	1,139,101	$	27,298	$	359,943	$	10,897	$	1,499,044	$	38,195
Total securities													$	1,169	$	77	$	48	$	4	$	1,217	$	81



	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss
December 31, 2019:
Fixed income securities:
Municipal obligations	$	13	$	—	$	10	$	—	$	23	$	—
Corporate obligations	63		2		5		—		68		2
Foreign obligations	20		—		—		—		20		—
U.S. government obligations	36		2		2		—		38		2
Residential mortgage-backed securities	5		—		—		—		5		—
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	7		—		—		—		7		—
Collateralized debt obligations	53		—		63		1		116		1
Other asset-backed securities	2		—		7		—		10		—
	200		4		88		1		288		5
Short-term	201		—		—		—		201		—
Total securities	$	401	$	4	$	88	$	1	$	489	$	5

Management has determined that the ~~unrealized losses reflected~~securities in the ~~tables~~ above ~~are temporary in nature~~table do not have credit impairment as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019, based upon various factors, including (i) no ~~unexpected~~actual or expected principal and interest payment defaults on these securities; (ii) analysis of the creditworthiness of the issuer and financial guarantor, as applicable, and ~~analysis of projected defaults on the underlying collateral;~~ (iii) ~~management has no intent to sell these investments in~~for debt securities; and (iv) it is not more likely than not that Ambac will be required to sell these debt securities before the anticipated recovery of its amortized cost basis. The assessment under (iv) is based on a comparison of future available liquidity from the investment portfolio against the projected net cash outflow from operating activities and debt service. For purposes of this assessment, available liquidity from the investment portfolio is comprised of the fair value of securities for which management has asserted its intent to sell, the fair value of other securities that are ~~available for sale and~~non-highly rated beneficial interests in securitized financial assets, analysis of whether there was an ~~unrealized gain position, trading securities plus~~adverse change in projected cash flows. Management's evaluation as of March 31, 2020 includes the ~~scheduled maturities~~expectation that all principal and interest payments ~~from the remaining~~on securities guaranteed by Ambac Assurance or Ambac UK will be made timely and in the portfolio. To the extent that securities that management intends to sell are in an unrealized loss position, they would have already been considered other-than-temporarily impaired with the amortized cost written down to fair value. Because the above-described assessment indicates that future available liquidity exceeds projected net cash outflow, it is not more likely than not that we would be required to sellfull.

As of March 31, 2020, corporate securities in an unrealized loss position ~~before~~included $456 of Secured Notes issued by Ambac LSNI with an unrealized loss $24. The Secured Notes are insured under a financial guarantee policy issued by Ambac Assurance. Corporate

securities also included $12 million of other non-investment grade securities with an aggregate gross unrealized loss of $4. The determination that these securities were not credit impaired was based on a security level assessment of default probability derived from historical data for the ~~recovery of their amortized cost basis. In~~applicable asset class and credit rating. This assessment also considered the ~~liquidity assessment described above, principal payments on~~potential increased risk under a stressed macroeconomic environment. The remaining corporate securities ~~pledged as collateral~~carry investment grade credit ratings and suffered temporary price declines consistent with the broader bond market. There are ~~not considered to be available for~~no expected defaults among these securities.

Residential mortgage backed securities ("RMBS") and other ~~liquidity needs until the collateralized positions are projected to be settled.~~

~~As of~~asset backed securities in an unrealized loss position at March 31, ~~2019, for~~2020, are primarily RMBS and student loan securities ~~that have indications of possible other-than-temporary impairment but which management does not intend to sell and will not more likely than not be required to sell,~~guaranteed by Ambac Assurance. For these securities, management compared the present value of cash flows expected to be collected to the amortized cost basis of the securities to assess whether the amortized cost will

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 312020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Table of Contents

AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in Millions, Except Share Amounts)

be recovered. Cash flows ~~were discounted at the effective~~considered full payment of interest rate implicit in the security at the date of acquisition (or Fresh Start Reporting Date of April 30, 2013 for securities purchased prior to that date) or for debt securities that are beneficial interests in securitizedand principal through Ambac's financial ~~assets, at a rate equal~~

~~to the current yield used to accrete the beneficial interest.~~guarantee. For floating rate securities, future cash flows ~~and the discount rate used~~ were ~~both~~ adjusted to reflect changes in the index rate applicable to each security as of the evaluation date. OfCash flows were discounted at the effective interest rate. Adverse changes in cash flows attributable solely to changes in the index rate of securities ~~that were~~are not considered impaired.

Collateralized debt obligations in ~~a gross~~an unrealized loss position at March 31, ~~2019, $121,037 of~~2020, are highly rated collateralized loan obligations ("CLOs"). The CLO market experienced indiscriminate price declines as certain market participants sought to generate excess liquidity. Management determined that these price declines are temporary and that the ~~total fair value and $2,086 of the unrealized loss related to below investment grade and non-rated securities. The remainder of gross unrealized losses~~CLOs are not credit impaired as of March 31, 2019, are primarily on investment grade fixed-rate securities purchased during periods of lower interest rates. Management believes that the timely receipt of all principal and interest on these positions is probable.2020.

Ambac’s assessment about whether a decline in value is other-than-temporary reflects management’s current judgment regarding facts and circumstances specific to a security and ~~the factors noted above.~~other factors. If that judgment changes, Ambac may ~~ultimately~~ record a charge for ~~other-than-temporary~~credit impairment in future periods.

Realized Gains and Losses ~~and Other-Than-Temporary~~including Impairments:

The following table details amounts included in net realized gains (losses) and ~~other-than-temporary~~ impairments included in earnings for the affected periods:


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018			2020		2019
Gross realized gains on securities	$	24,219		$	11,054		$	6	$	24
Gross realized losses on securities	(4,288		)	(1,388		)	—		(4		)
Net foreign exchange (losses) gains	(2,698		)	(4,804		)	2		(3		)
Credit impairments ⁽¹⁾							—		—
Intent / requirement to sell impairments ⁽²⁾							—		—
Net realized gains (losses)	$	17,233		$	4,862		$	8	$	17
Net other-than-temporary impairments ⁽¹⁾	$	(29	)	$	(299	)


(1)	~~Other-than-temporary impairments exclude impairment amounts recorded in other comprehensive income under ASC Paragraph 320-10-65-1, which comprise non-credit related amounts on~~Includes securities ~~that are credit impaired but~~ which management does not intend to sell and it is not more likely than not that the company will be required to sell before recovery of the amortized cost basis.

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 33~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

~~Table of Contents~~

~~AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(Dollar Amounts in Thousands, Except Share Amounts)~~

Future changes in our estimated liquidity needs could result in a determination that Ambac no longer has the ability to hold securities that are in an unrealized loss position, which could also result in additional other-than-temporary impairment charges.


(2)	Includes securities which management either intends sell or it is more likely than not that the company will be required to sell before recovery of the amortized cost basis.

The following table presents a roll-forward of Ambac’s cumulative credit losses on debt securities ~~held as of March 31, 2019 and 2018~~ for which a portion of an other-than-temporary impairment was recognized in other comprehensive ~~income:~~income under prior GAAP for the period ended December 31, 2019:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Balance, beginning of period	$	12,454		$	67,085		$	12
Additions for credit impairments recognized on:
Securities not previously impaired	—			226			—
Securities previously impaired	—			64			—
Reductions for credit impairments previously recognized on:
Securities that matured or were sold during the period	(49		)	(23,742		)	—
Balance, end of period	$	12,405		$	43,633		$	12

Ambac had 0 allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2020.

Ambac did not purchase any financial assets with credit deterioration for the three month period ended March 31, 2020.

Counterparty Collateral, Deposits with Regulators and Other Restrictions:

Ambac routinely pledges and receives collateral related to certain transactions. ~~Cash, cash equivalents and securities~~Securities held directly in

Ambac’s investment portfolio with a fair value of ~~$111,014~~$85 and ~~$102,904~~$85 at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, were pledged to derivative counterparties. Ambac’s derivative counterparties have the right to re-pledge the investment securities and as such, these pledged securities are separately classified on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as “Fixed income securities pledged as collateral, at fair value”. Refer to Note 9. Derivative Instruments for further information on cash collateral. There ~~was~~were no ~~cash or~~ securities received from other counterparties that were re-pledged by Ambac.

Securities carried at ~~$6,046~~$7 and ~~$5,975~~$6 at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, were deposited by Ambac and Everspan with governmental authorities or designated custodian banks as required by laws affecting insurance companies. Invested assets carried at ~~$1,403~~$1 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were deposited as security in connection with a letter of credit issued for an office lease.

Securities with a fair value of ~~$207,759~~$174 and ~~$209,983~~$197 at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, were pledged as collateral and as sources of funding to repay the Secured Notes issued by Ambac LSNI. The securities may not be transferred or repledged by Ambac LSNI. Collateral may be sold to fund redemptions of the Secured Notes. Ambac Assurance also pledged for the benefit of the holders of Secured Notes (other than Ambac Assurance) the proceeds of interest payments and partial redemptions of the Secured Notes held by Ambac Assurance. The amount of such proceeds held by Ambac Assurance was $0$31 and ~~$19,405~~$55 at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, and is included in Restricted cash on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Ambac Assurance may, from time to time, sell all or a portion of the Secured Notes it owns. In the event that Ambac Assurance sells any of the Secured Notes it owns, the proceeds must be used to redeem a like amount of the Ambac Note at par. The price at which Ambac Assurance sells the Secured Notes may differ from the price at which it redeems the Secured Notes.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 322020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Table of Contents

AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in Millions, Except Share Amounts)

Guaranteed Securities:

Ambac’s fixed income portfolio includes securities covered by guarantees issued by Ambac Assurance and other financial guarantors (“insured securities”). The published rating agency ratings on these securities reflect the higher of the financial strength rating of the financial guarantor or the rating of the underlying issuer. Rating agencies do not always publish separate underlying ratings (those ratings excluding the insurance by the financial guarantor). In the event these underlying ratings are not available from the rating agencies, Ambac will assign an internal rating. The following table represents the fair value, including the value of the financial guarantee, and weighted-average underlying rating, excluding the financial guarantee, of the insured securities at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively:


	Municipal Obligations		Corporate Obligations ⁽³⁾		Mortgage and Asset- backed Securities		Total		Weighted Average Underlying Rating ⁽¹⁾	Municipal Obligations		Corporate Obligations ⁽²⁾		Mortgage and Asset- backed Securities		Total		Weighted Average Underlying Rating ⁽¹⁾
March 31, 2019:
March 31, 2020:
Ambac Assurance Corporation ⁽²⁾	$	166,770	$	583,550	$	599,512	$	1,349,832	CCC-	$	181	$	495	$	396	$	1,072	B
National Public Finance Guarantee Corporation	13,839		—		—		13,839		BBB-	9		—		—		9		BBB-
Total	$	180,609	$	583,550	$	599,512	$	1,363,671	CCC-	$	189	$	495	$	396	$	1,081	B

December 31, 2018:
December 31, 2019:
Ambac Assurance Corporation ⁽²⁾	$	833,241	$	656,473	$	599,185	$	2,088,899	CC	$	176	$	535	$	442	$	1,153	B-
National Public Finance Guarantee Corporation	15,600		—		—		15,600		BBB-	11		—		—		11		BBB-
Total	$	848,841	$	656,473	$	599,185	$	2,104,499	CC	$	187	$	535	$	442	$	1,164	B-


(1)	Ratings are based on the lower of Standard & Poor’s or Moody’s rating. If unavailable, Ambac’s internal rating is used.


(2)	~~Includes corporate obligations and asset-backed securities with a fair value of $144,530 and $144,672 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, insured by Ambac UK.~~


~~(3)~~	Represents Ambac's holdings of secured notes issued by Ambac LSNI in connection with the Rehabilitation Exit Transactions. These secured notes are insured by Ambac Assurance.

Other Investments:

Ambac's investment portfolio includes interests in various pooled investment funds. Fair value and additional information about investments in pooled funds, by investment type, is summarized in the table below. Except as noted in the table, fair value as reported is determined using net asset value ("NAV") as a practical expedient. In addition to these investments, Ambac has unfunded commitments at March 31, 2020 of $76 to private credit, private equity and hedge funds.



	Fair Value
Class of Funds	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		Redemption Frequency	Redemption Notice Period
Real estate properties⁽¹⁾	$	15	$	16	quarterly	10 business days
Hedge funds ⁽²⁾	60		65		quarterly	90 days
High yields and leveraged loans ^{(3) (10)}	57		176		daily	0 - 30 days
Private credit ⁽⁴⁾	47		51		quarterly	180 days if permitted
Insurance-linked investments⁽⁵⁾	3		3		fully redeemed	none
Equity market investments^{(6) (10)}	58		55		daily	0 days
Investment grade floating rate income ⁽⁷⁾	52		66		weekly	0 days
Private equity ⁽⁸⁾	4		—		quarterly	90 days if permitted
Emerging markets debt ^{(9) (10)}	16		—		daily	0 days
Total equity investments in pooled funds	$	312	$	432


(1)	Investments consist of UK property to generate income and capital growth.


(2)	This class seeks to generate superior risk-adjusted returns through selective asset sourcing, active trading and hedging strategies within structured credit markets, including mortgage-backed securities, commercial real estate securities and loans, CLOs, REITs and asset backed securities.


(3)	This class of funds includes investments in a range of instruments including high-yield bonds, leveraged loans, CLOs, ABS and floating rate notes to generate income and capital appreciation.


(4)	This class aims to obtain high long-term return primarily through credit and preferred equity investments with low liquidity and defined term.


(5)	This class seeks to generate returns from insurance markets through investments in catastrophe bonds, life insurance and other insurance linked investments.


(6)	This class of funds aim to achieve long term growth through diversified exposure to global equity markets.


(7)	This class of funds includes investments in high quality floating rate debt securities including ABS and corporate floating rate notes as well as ultra-short term bonds and money market instruments.


(8)	This class seeks to generate long-term capital appreciation through investments in private equity, equity-related and other instruments.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 3433 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Table of Contents

AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)

~~Equity Interests:~~

Ambac's investment portfolio includes equity interests in various pooled investment funds, which are classified as trading. The fair value and additional information about such investments in pooled funds, by investment type, is summarized in the table below. Except as noted in the table, fair value as reported is determined using NAV per share as a practical expedient. There are no unfunded commitments applicable to any of these investments for the periods disclosed.

Fair Value
Class of Funds March 31,
2019 December 31,
2018 Redemption Frequency Redemption Notice Period
Real estate properties ⁽¹⁾
$ 16,150
$ 16,123
quarterly 10 business days
Interest rate products ^{(2) (6)}
207,704
177,357
daily, weekly or monthly 0 - 30 days
Illiquid investments ⁽³⁾
85,323
84,297
quarterly 180 days
Insurance-linked investments ⁽⁴⁾
28,746
29,318
quarterly 90-120 days
Equity market investments ^{(5) (6)}
49,122
43,954
daily 0 days
Total equity investments in pooled funds $ 387,045
$ 351,049


~~(1)~~(9)	~~Investments consist of UK property to generate~~This class seeks long-term income and ~~capital growth.~~growth through investments in the bonds of issuers in emerging markets.

~~(2)~~(10)

~~This class of funds includes investments in a range of instruments including leveraged loans, CLOs, asset-backed securities~~

These categories include fair value amounts totaling $81 and floating rate notes to generate income and capital appreciation. Funds with less frequent redemption periods limit redemptions to as little as 15% per period. Funds with a same day redemption notice period are redeemable only weekly, while funds that may be redeemed any business day have notice periods of 15-30 days.


~~(3)~~	This class seeks to obtain high long-term total return through investments with low liquidity and defined term, resulting in expected capital distributions to subscribers in the second half of 2019 and 2023.


~~(4)~~	This class aims to provide returns from the insurance and reinsurance markets through investments in catastrophe bonds, life insurance and other insurance linked investments. Redemption periods are quarterly, subject to 90-day notice for January/July redemption dates and 120-day notice for April/October redemption dates.


~~(5)~~	~~Investments represent a diversified exposure to global equity market returns through holdings of various regional market index funds.~~

~~(6)~~

~~Interest rate products include $53,135~~$136 at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~$27,154 at~~ December 31, ~~2018 and equity market investments include $49,122 at March 31,~~ 2019 ~~and $43,954 at December 31, 2018~~, respectively that ~~have~~are readily determinable ~~fair values~~and are priced through pricing ~~vendors.~~vendors, including for High yield and leveraged loans products: $17 and $81; for Equity market investments: $48 and $55; and for Emerging markets debt $16 and $0

Ambac also holds an direct equity ~~interest~~interests including in an unconsolidated trust created in connection with the 2014 sale of Segregated Account junior surplus notes, which is accounted for under the equity method.

Investment ~~Income:~~Income (loss):

Net investment income (loss) was comprised of the following for the affected periods:


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018			2020			2019
Fixed income securities	$	43,666		$	109,351		$	30		$	44
Short-term investments	4,113			2,840			2			4
Loans	184			187			—			—
Investment expense	(1,411		)	(1,827		)	(2		)	(1		)
Securities available-for-sale and short-term	46,552			110,551			31			47
Other investments	8,290			(311		)	(52		)	8
Total net investment income	$	54,842		$	110,240
Total net investment income (loss)							$	(21	)	$	55

Net investment income (loss) from Other investments primarily represents changes in fair value on securities classified as trading

or under the fair value option, ~~plus~~ income from investment limited partnerships accounted for under the equity method and the above noted equity ~~interests~~interest in an unconsolidated ~~trust.~~ trust accounted for under the equity method.

The portion of net unrealized gains (losses) related to trading securities still held at the end of each period is as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018			2020			2019
Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on trading securities	$	6,947	$	(1,579	)	$	(32	)	$	7
Less: net gains (losses) recognized during the reporting period on trading securities sold during the period	631		1,933			(3		)	1
Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the reporting period on trading securities still held at the reporting date	$	6,316	$	(3,512	)	$	(29	)	$	6

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 3534 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Table of Contents

AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)

9. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

The following tables summarize the gross fair values of individual derivative instruments and the impact of legal rights of offset as reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018:~~2019:


	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets / Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net Amounts of Assets/ Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Gross Amount of Collateral Received / Pledged Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net Amount		Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets / Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net Amounts of Assets/ Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Gross Amount of Collateral Received / Pledged Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net Amount
March 31, 2019:
March 31, 2020:
Derivative Assets:
Interest rate swaps	$	73,607	$	389	$	73,218	$	—	$	73,218	$	89	$	1	$	88	$	—	$	88
Futures contracts	3,182		—		3,182		—		3,182
Total non-VIE derivative assets	$	76,789	$	389	$	76,400	$	—	$	76,400	$	89	$	1	$	88	$	—	$	88
Derivative Liabilities:
Credit derivatives	$	1,077	$	—	$	1,077	$	—	$	1,077	$	2	$	—	$	2	$	—	$	2
Interest rate swaps	85,846		389		85,457		73,510		11,947		136		1		135		134		1
Total non-VIE derivative liabilities	$	86,923	$	389	$	86,534	$	73,510	$	13,024	$	138	$	1	$	137	$	134	$	3
Variable Interest Entities Derivative Assets:
Currency swaps	$	59,228	$	—	$	59,228	$	—	$	59,228	$	62	$	—	$	62	$	—	$	62
Total VIE derivative assets	$	59,228	$	—	$	59,228	$	—	$	59,228	$	62	$	—	$	62	$	—	$	62
Variable Interest Entities Derivative Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	$	1,781,903	$	—	$	1,781,903	$	—	$	1,781,903	$	1,610	$	—	$	1,610	$	—	$	1,610
Total VIE derivative liabilities	$	1,781,903	$	—	$	1,781,903	$	—	$	1,781,903	$	1,610	$	—	$	1,610	$	—	$	1,610


December 31, 2018:
December 31, 2019:
Derivative Assets:
Interest rate swaps	$	59,768	$	300	$	59,468	$	—	$	59,468	$	75	$	—	$	75	$	—	$	75
Total non-VIE derivative assets	$	59,768	$	300	$	59,468	$	—	$	59,468	$	75	$	—	$	75	$	—	$	75
Derivative Liabilities:
Credit derivatives	$	1,459	$	—	$	1,459	$	—	$	1,459	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Interest rate swaps	72,161		300		71,861		67,126		4,735		89		—		90		89		1
Futures contracts	3,379		—		3,379		3,379		—
Total non-VIE derivative liabilities	$	76,999	$	300	$	76,699	$	70,505	$	6,194	$	90	$	—	$	90	$	89	$	1
Variable Interest Entities Derivative Assets:
Currency swaps	$	66,302	$	—	$	66,302	$	—	$	66,302	$	52	$	—	$	52	$	—	$	52
Total VIE derivative assets	$	66,302	$	—	$	66,302	$	—	$	66,302	$	52	$	—	$	52	$	—	$	52
Variable Interest Entities Derivative Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	$	1,712,062	$	—	$	1,712,062	$	—	$	1,712,062	$	1,657	$	—	$	1,657	$	—	$	1,657
Total VIE derivative liabilities	$	1,712,062	$	—	$	1,712,062	$	—	$	1,712,062	$	1,657	$	—	$	1,657	$	—	$	1,657

Amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral or the obligation to return cash collateral are not offset against fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amounts representing the right to reclaim cash collateral and posted margin, recorded in “Other assets” were ~~$27,113~~$80 and ~~$102,904~~$36 as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. There were no0 amounts held representing an obligation to return cash collateral as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 3635 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Table of Contents

AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)

The following tables summarize the location and amount of gains and losses of derivative contracts in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Total Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018:~~2019:


	Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Consolidated Statements of Total Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Consolidated Statement of Total Comprehensive Income (Loss)						Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Consolidated Statements of Total Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Consolidated Statement of Total Comprehensive Income (Loss)
		Three Months Ended March 31,							Three Months Ended March 31,
		2019			2018				2020			2019
Non-VIE derivatives:
Credit derivatives	Net gains (losses) on derivative contracts	$	473		$	(346	)	Net gains (losses) on derivative contracts	$	(1	)	$	—
Interest rate swaps	Net gains (losses) on derivative contracts	(2,732		)	4,543			Net gains (losses) on derivative contracts	(29		)	(3		)
Futures contracts	Net gains (losses) on derivative contracts	(13,900		)	20,994			Net gains (losses) on derivative contracts	(40		)	(14		)
Total Non-VIE derivatives		$	(16,159	)	$	25,191			$	(70	)	$	(16	)
Variable Interest Entities:
Currency swaps	Income (loss) on variable interest entities	$	(7,074	)	$	(8,617	)	Income (loss) on variable interest entities	$	10		$	(7	)
Interest rate swaps	Income (loss) on variable interest entities	(69,841		)	49,809			Income (loss) on variable interest entities	47			(70		)
Total Variable Interest Entities		(76,915		)	41,192			Total Variable Interest Entities	57			(77		)
Total derivative contracts		$	(92,601	)	$	66,037			$	(13	)	$	(93	)

Credit Derivatives:

Credit derivatives, which are privately negotiated contracts, provide the counterparty with credit protection against the occurrence of a specific event such as a payment default or bankruptcy relating to an underlying obligation. Credit derivatives issued are insured by Ambac Assurance. None of the outstanding credit derivative transactions at March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, include ratings based collateral-posting triggers or otherwise require Ambac to post collateral regardless of Ambac’s ratings or the size of the mark to market exposure to Ambac.

The portfolio of our credit derivatives were written on a “pay-as-you-go” basis. Similar to an insurance policy execution, pay-as-you-go provides that Ambac pays interest shortfalls on the referenced transaction as they are incurred on each scheduled payment date, but only pays principal shortfalls upon the earlier of (i) the date on which the assets designated to fund the referenced obligation have been disposed of and (ii) the legal final maturity date of the referenced obligation.

Ambac maintains internal credit ratings on its guaranteed obligations, including credit derivative contracts, solely to indicate management’s view of the underlying credit quality of the guaranteed obligations. The gross principal notional outstanding for ~~CDS~~credit derivate contracts was ~~$282,587~~$275 and ~~$295,342~~$280 as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, all of which had internal Ambac ratings of AA in both periods.

Interest Rate Derivatives:

Ambac, through its subsidiary Ambac Financial Services (“AFS”), uses interest rate swaps and US Treasury futures contracts to provide ana partial economic hedge against the effects of rising interest rates elsewhere in the Company, including on Ambac’s financial guarantee exposures. Additionally, AFS provided interest rate swaps to states, municipalities and their authorities, asset-backed issuers and other entities in connection with their financings. As of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 the notional amounts of AFS’s derivatives are as follows:


	Notional				Notional
Type of Derivative	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Interest rate swaps—receive-fixed/pay-variable	$	341,909	$	493,368	$	328	$	332
Interest rate swaps—pay-fixed/receive-variable	1,269,180		1,121,532		1,261		1,261
US Treasury futures contracts—short	1,575,000		1,760,000		240		755

Derivatives of Consolidated Variable Interest Entities

Certain VIEs consolidated under the Consolidation Topic of the ASC entered into derivative contracts to meet specified purposes within the securitization structure. The notional for VIE derivatives outstanding as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 are as follows:


	Notional				Notional
Type of VIE Derivative	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Interest rate swaps—receive-fixed/pay-variable	$	1,427,299	$	1,399,532	$	1,121	$	1,194
Interest rate swaps—pay-fixed/receive-variable	1,189,113		1,176,748		1,093		1,176
Currency swaps	344,714		344,992		302		329
Credit derivatives	10,457		10,254		8		9

Contingent Features in Derivatives Related to Ambac Credit Risk

Ambac’s over-the-counter interest rate swaps are centrally cleared when eligible. Certain interest rate swaps remain with professional swap-dealer counterparties and direct customer counterparties. These non-cleared swaps are generally executed under standardized derivative documents including collateral support and master netting agreements. Under these agreements, Ambac is required to post collateral in the event net unrealized losses exceed ~~predetermined threshold levels. Additionally, given that Ambac~~

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AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)

predetermined threshold levels. Additionally, given that Ambac Assurance is no longer rated by an independent rating agency, counterparties have the right to terminate the swap positions.

As of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the net liability fair value of derivative instruments with contingent features linked to Ambac’s own credit risk was ~~$74,725~~$132 and ~~$67,071,~~$89, respectively, related to which Ambac had posted cash and securities as collateral with a fair value of ~~$101,631~~$154 and ~~$92,657,~~$109, respectively. All such ratings-based contingent features have been triggered as requiring maximum collateral levels to be posted by Ambac while preserving counterparties’ rights to terminate the contracts. Assuming all such contracts terminated on March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, settlement of collateral balances and net derivative liabilities would result in a net receipt of cash and/or securities by Ambac. If counterparties elect to exercise their right to terminate, the actual termination payment amounts will be determined in accordance with derivative contract terms, which may result in amounts that differ from market values as reported in Ambac’s financial statements.

10. INCOME TAXES

~~Ambac~~AFG files a consolidated Federal income tax return with its subsidiaries. ~~Ambac~~AFG and its subsidiaries also file separate or combined income tax returns in various states, local and foreign jurisdictions. The following are the major jurisdictions in which Ambac and its subsidiaries operate and the earliest tax years subject to examination:



Jurisdiction	Tax Year
United States	2010
New York State	2013
New York City	~~2014~~2015
United Kingdom	~~2015~~2016
Italy	~~2014~~2015

As of March 31, 2019 Ambac estimates it had U.S. federal ordinary net loss carryforwards totaling approximately $3,503,900, which, if not utilized, will begin expiring in 2029, and will fully expire in 2032, with the exception of the tax loss generated during the three months ended March 31, 2019 of $80,197, which if Ambac remains in a loss position at year end 2019, will expire in 2040.

In accordance with the Income Tax Topic of the ASC, a valuation allowance is recognized if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some, or all, of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. As a result of the risks and uncertainties associated with future operating results, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will not generate sufficient U.S. federal, state and/or local taxable income to recover the deferred tax operating assets and therefore maintains a full valuation allowance.

Consolidated Pretax Income (Loss)

U.S. and foreign components of pre-tax income (loss) were as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018		2020			2019
U.S.	$	(63,404	)	$	297,741	$	(257	)	$	(63	)
Foreign	22,194			10,568		(30		)	22
Total	$	(41,210	)	$	308,309	$	(287	)	$	(41	)

Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes

The components of the provision for income taxes were as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018			2020			2019
Current taxes
U. S. federal	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
U.S. state and local	(3,526		)	1,037			—			(4		)
Foreign	6,466			(39		)	(2		)	6
Current taxes	2,940			998			(2		)	3
Deferred taxes
Foreign	(949		)	1,607			(5		)	(1		)
Deferred taxes	(949		)	1,607			(5		)	(1		)
Provision for income taxes	$	1,991		$	2,605		$	(7	)	$	2

NOL Usage

Pursuant to the intercompany tax sharing agreement, to the extent Ambac Assurance generates taxable income after September 30, 2011, which is offset with "Allocated NOLs" of ~~$3,650,000,~~$3,650, it is obligated to make payments (“Tolling Payments”), subject to certain credits, to Ambac in accordance with the following NOL usage table, where the “Applicable Percentage” is applied to the aggregate amount of federal income tax liability that would have been paid if the Allocated NOLs were not available. Pursuant to the Closing Agreement between Ambac and the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"), the IRS will receive 12.5% of Tier C and 17.5% of Tier D payments, if made.

NOL Usage Table

NOL Usage Tier Allocated NOLs
Applicable
Percentage
A The first $479,000 15%
B The next $1,057,000 after Tier A 40%
C The next $1,057,000 after Tier B 10%
D The next $1,057,000 after Tier C 15%



NOL Usage Tier	Allocated NOLs			Applicable Percentage
A	The first	$479		15%
B	The next	$1,057	after Tier A	40%
C	The next	$1,057	after Tier B	10%
D	The next	$1,057	after Tier C	15%

As of December 31, 2018, Ambac Assurance generated cumulative taxable income of $1,508, leaving $2,142 of the $3,650 Allocated NOLs subject to Tolling Payments. For the year ended December 31, 2019, and three months ended March 31, 2020, Ambac Assurance generated NOLs of approximately $143 and $172, respectively, which will need to be utilized before any new Tolling Payments will be generated.

If not utilized, the NOLs will begin expiring in 2029, and will fully expire in 2040, with the exception of the tax loss generated during the three months ended March 31, 2020 of approximately $168, which if Ambac remains in a loss position at year end 2020, will expire in 2041.

As a result of positive ~~taxable~~ income at Ambac Assurance in 2017, ~~and 2018,~~ Ambac ~~has~~ accrued ~~approximately $44,381 in~~$28 of tax tolling payments. In May 2018, Ambac executed a waiver under the intercompany tax sharing agreement pursuant to which Ambac Assurance was relieved of the requirement to make the 2017 tax tolling payment ~~of approximately $27,868~~ by June 1, 2018. Ambac ~~has~~ also agreed to continue to defer receipt of the 2017 tax tolling payment ~~for the 2017 use~~from

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(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)

~~of Allocated NOLs by~~ Ambac Assurance until such time as OCI consents to the payment.

~~Ambac~~ While OCI has ~~accrued $13,885 of tolling payments based on Allocated NOLs used by Ambac Assurance in 2018,~~not defined the conditions under which ~~are required to be paid by May 31, 2019. Ambac's tax positions are subject to review by the OCI, which may lead~~it will consent to the ~~adoption~~2017 tax tolling payment, OCI has indicated that it will consider a number of ~~positions that reduce~~factors, including asset quality and loss and reserve trends. We can provide no assurance as to whether, or when, OCI will consent to the ~~amount of~~2017 tax tolling ~~payments otherwise available to Ambac.~~

~~For the three months ended March 31, 2019, Ambac Assurance generated a taxable loss of $89,326, therefore no additional Tolling Payments have been accrued.~~payment.

Ambac's tax positions are subject to review by the OCI, which may lead to the adoption of positions that reduce the amount of tolling payments otherwise available to Ambac.

As of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, the remaining balance of the ~~$3,650,000~~$3,650 NOL allocated to Ambac Assurance, ~~was $2,252,447.~~and new NOLs accrued during 2019 & 2020, totaled approximately $2,457. As of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 the consolidated group's NOL is approximately $3,703, of which Ambac's NOL was ~~$1,251,453.~~approximately$1,246.

11. ~~LEASES~~

~~Ambac adopted the New Lease Standard as further described in Note 2,~~ ~~Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies~~. A contract contains a lease if it conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant, or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Ambac's evaluation of whether certain contracts contain leases may require judgment regarding what party controls the asset and whether the asset is physically distinct.

The New Lease Standard provides practical expedients that affect a reporting entity’s ongoing accounting. For contracts where Ambac is the lessee, we have elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify. For those leases that qualify for that exemption, we will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities. For all contracts where Ambac is the lessee and lessor we have also elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components.

~~Lessee information:~~

Ambac is the lessee in operating leases of corporate offices, data centers and equipment. Our leases, in effect at March 31, 2019, have remaining lease terms ranging from 1 to 11 years. One data center lease has an automatic renewal of one-year unless either party elects to terminate by providing 120 days notice prior to the renewal. This renewal feature is not recognized in the lease liability or right-of-use asset as it is not reasonably certain we will elect to renew. No other leases contain extension or termination provisions.

~~Lease costs are included in operating expenses on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. The components of lease costs, net of sub-lessor income, is as follows:~~

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Operating lease cost $ 1,526
Variable Lease Cost 179
Sublease income (65 )
Total lease cost $ 1,640

~~Ambac is required to make variable lease payments under certain leases which primarily related to variable costs of the lessor. Such costs include taxes, insurance, maintenance and electricity.~~

~~Supplemental information related to leases is as follows:~~

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities $ 1,543
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities (non-cash) 14,360

~~Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:~~

March 31, 2019
Operating leases:
Operating lease right of use assets $ 13,100
Operating lease liabilities 13,545
Weighted average remaining lease term:
Operating leases 8.7 years
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases 8.0 %

Operating lease right of use assets and operating lease liabilities are included in Other assets and Other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheet. The discount rate used to initially measure the right of use assets and lease liabilities was based on Ambac's estimated secured borrowing rate. The Ambac Note, more fully described in Note 1. Background and Business Description in the Consolidated Financial Statements included Part II, Item 8 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, was a significant data point in estimating this rate.

~~Future undiscounted lease payments to be made are as follows:~~

As of March 31, Operating Leases
2019 (nine months) $ 3,580
2020 1,781
2021 1,436
2022 1,436
2023 1,436
Thereafter 9,294
Total lease payments 18,963
Less: imputed interest (5,418 )
Total $ 13,545

Excluded from the above is an operating lease, relating to office space, that has not commenced as of March 31, 2019 with total lease payments of $24,379 and imputed interest of $9,440. This lease commenced in April 2019 with a lease term of 10.8 years.

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~~AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~(Dollar Amounts in Thousands, Except Share Amounts)~~

~~Lessor information:~~

~~Ambac is the lessor in one operating sublease of corporate office space which has a remaining term of 10.8 years. There are no extension or termination provisions.~~

~~Future undiscounted lease payments to be received are as follows:~~

As of March 31, Operating Leases
2019 (nine months) $ 172
2020 1,038
2021 1,051
2022 1,076
2023 1,126
Thereafter 7,571
Total lease receipts $ 12,034

~~12.~~ COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

The following commitments and contingencies provide an update of those discussed in Note ~~18:~~17: Commitments and Contingencies in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included Part II, Item 8 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December ~~2018,~~31, 2019, and should be read in conjunction with the complete descriptions provided in the aforementioned Form 10-K.

Litigation Against Ambac

~~Monterey Bay Military Housing, LLC,~~Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico, et al. v. ~~Ambac Assurance Corporation,~~Autonomy Master Fund Limited, et al. (United States District Court, ~~Northern~~ District of ~~California, San Jose Division, Case~~Puerto Rico, No. ~~17-cv-04992-BLF,~~19-ap-00291, filed ~~August 28, 2017)~~May 2, 2019). On May 2, 2019, the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico (the "Oversight Board"), together with the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors for the Commonwealth (the "Committee") filed an adversary proceeding against certain parties that filed proofs of claim on account of general obligation bonds issued by the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, including Ambac Assurance. The complaint seeks declarations that the general obligation bonds are unsecured obligations and, in the alternative, seeks to avoid any security interests that holders of such bonds may have. On June 12, 2019, a group of general obligation bondholders moved to dismiss the complaint. On June 13, 2019, at the request of the Plaintiffs, the District Court stayed the case until September 1, 2019 as to all defendants; on July 24, 2019, the District Court referred this matter to mediation and ordered it stayed during the pendency of such mediation. Ambac Assurance filed a statement of position and reservation of rights on February ~~15,~~5, 2020; certain other defendants filed motions to dismiss on this same date. On February 9, 2020, the Oversight Board announced that it intends to file, and to seek to confirm, an amended plan of adjustment (the “Amended POA”). On March 10, 2020, the District Court ordered that this case remain stayed while the Oversight Board attempts to confirm the Amended POA.

Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico v. Ambac Assurance Corp., et al. (United States District Court, District of Puerto Rico, No. 20-ap-00003, filed Jan. 16, 2020). Pursuant to an order of the District Court setting out an agreed schedule for litigation submitted by the team of mediators designated in the Commonwealth’s restructuring cases (the “Mediation Team“), on January 16, 2020, the Oversight Board filed an adversary proceeding

against monoline insurers insuring bonds issued by the Puerto Rico Infrastructure Financing Authority (“PRIFA”) and the PRIFA bond trustee, all of which Defendants filed proofs of claim against the Commonwealth relating to PRIFA bonds. The complaint seeks to disallow Defendants’ proofs of claim against the Commonwealth in their entirety, including for lack of secured status. Briefing on motions for summary judgment is expected to conclude on June 16, 2020, and a hearing is scheduled for June 23, 2020.

Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico v. Ambac Assurance Corp., et al. (United States District Court, District of Puerto Rico, No. 20-ap-00004, filed Jan. 16, 2020). Pursuant to an order of the District Court setting out an agreed schedule for litigation submitted by the Mediation Team, on January 16, 2020, the Oversight Board filed an adversary proceeding against monoline insurers insuring bonds issued by the Puerto Rico Convention Center District Authority (“PRCCDA”) and the PRCCDA bond trustee, all of which Defendants filed proofs of claim against the Commonwealth relating to PRCCDA bonds. The complaint seeks to disallow Defendants’ proofs of claim against the Commonwealth in their entirety, including for lack of secured status. Briefing on motions for summary judgment is expected to conclude on June 16, 2020, and a hearing is scheduled for June 23, 2020.

Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico v. Ambac Assurance Corp., et al. (United States District Court, District of Puerto Rico, No. 20-ap-00005, filed Jan. 16, 2020). Pursuant to an order of the District Court setting out an agreed schedule for litigation submitted by the Mediation Team, on January 16, 2020, the Oversight Board filed an adversary proceeding against monoline insurers insuring bonds issued by the Puerto Rico Highways and Transportation Authority ("PRHTA“), certain PRHTA bondholders, and the PRHTA fiscal agent for bondholders, all of which Defendants filed proofs of claim against the Commonwealth relating to PRHTA bonds. The complaint seeks to disallow Defendants’ proofs of claim against the Commonwealth in their entirety, including for lack of secured status. Briefing on motions for summary judgment is expected to conclude on June 16, 2020, and a hearing is scheduled for June 23, 2020.

Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico v. Ambac Assurance Corp., et al. (United States District Court, District of Puerto Rico, No. 20-ap-00007, filed Jan. 16, 2020). Pursuant to an order of the District Court setting out an agreed schedule for litigation submitted by the Mediation Team, on January 16, 2020, the Oversight Board and the Committee filed an adversary proceeding against monoline insurers insuring bonds issued by PRHTA, certain PRHTA bondholders, and the PRHTA fiscal agent for bondholders, all of which Defendants filed proofs of claim against PRHTA relating to PRHTA bonds. The complaint seeks to disallow portions of Defendants’ proofs of claim against the PRHTA, including for lack of secured status. On March 10, 2020, the District Court stayed this case.

NC Residuals Owners Trust, et al. v. Wilmington Trust Co., et al. (Delaware Court of Chancery, C.A. No. 2019-0880, filed Nov. 1, 2019). On November 1, 2019, Ambac Assurance became aware of a new declaratory judgment action filed by certain residual equity interest holders (“NC Owners” or “Plaintiffs”) in fourteen National Collegiate Student Loan Trusts (the “Trusts”) against Wilmington Trust Company, the Owner Trustee for the Trusts; U.S. Bank

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AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in Millions, Except Share Amounts)

National Association, the Indenture Trustee; GSS Data Services, Inc., the Administrator; and Ambac Assurance. Through this action, Plaintiffs seek a number of judicial determinations. On January 21, 2020, the ~~other defendants~~presiding Vice Chancellor entered an order consolidating the action with previously filed a motion to dismiss the second amended complaint (filed on December 17, 2018, following the court’s dismissal of the first amended complaint without prejudice on July 17, 2018). On April 16, 2019, Plaintiffs filed a brief in oppositionlitigation relating to the ~~defendants’ motion to dismiss the second amended complaint. The reply briefs of~~Trusts. On February 13, 2020, Ambac Assurance, the Owner Trustee, the Indenture Trustee, and ~~the~~ other ~~defendants are due May 16, 2019,~~parties filed declaratory judgment counterclaims. Several parties, including Plaintiffs and ~~a hearing~~Ambac Assurance, have filed motions for judgment on the ~~motion to dismiss the second amended complaint~~pleadings in support of their requested judicial determinations, and briefing on those motions is ~~scheduled for July 18, 2019.~~

From time to time, Ambac is subject to allegations concerning its corporate governance that may lead to litigation, including derivative litigation, and while the monetary impacts may not be material, the matters may distract management and the Board of Directors from their principal focus on Ambac's business, strategy and objectives.complete.

Ambac Assurance’s estimates of projected losses for RMBS transactions consider, among other things, the RMBS transactions’ payment waterfall structure, including the application of interest and principal payments and recoveries, and depend in part on our interpretations of contracts and other bases of our legal rights. From time to time, bond trustees and other transaction participants have employed different contractual interpretations and have commenced, or threatened to commence, litigation to resolve these differences. It is not possible to predict whether additional disputes will arise, nor the outcomes of any potential litigation. It is possible that there could be unfavorable outcomes in this or other disputes or proceedings and that our interpretations may prove to be incorrect, which could lead to changes to our estimate of loss reserves.

Ambac Assurance has periodically received various regulatory inquiries and requests for information with respect to investigations and inquiries that such regulators are conducting. Ambac Assurance has complied with all such inquiries and requests for information.

The Company is involved from time to time in various routine legal proceedings, including proceedings related to litigation with present or former employees. Although the Company’s litigation with present or former employees is routine and incidental to the conduct of its business, such litigation can result in large monetary awards when a civil jury is allowed to determine compensatory and/or punitive damages for, among other things, termination of employment that is wrongful or in violation of implied contracts.

It is not reasonably possible to predict whether additional suits will be filed or whether additional inquiries or requests for information will be made, and it is also not possible to predict the outcome of litigation, inquiries or requests for information. It is possible that there could be unfavorable outcomes in these or other proceedings. Legal accruals for litigation against the Company which are probable and reasonably estimable, and management's estimated range of loss for such matters, are either not applicable or are not material to the operating results or financial position of the Company. For the litigation matters the Company is defending that do not meet the “probable and reasonably estimable” accrual threshold and where no loss estimates have been provided above, management is unable to make a meaningful estimate of the amount or range of loss that could result from unfavorable outcomes. Under

some circumstances, adverse results in any such proceedings could be material to our business, operations, financial position, profitability or cash flows. The Company believes that it has substantial defenses to the claims above and, to the extent that these actions proceed, the Company intends to defend itself vigorously; however, the Company is not able to predict the outcomes of these actions.

Litigation Filed or Joined by Ambac

In the ordinary course of their businesses, certain of Ambac’s subsidiaries assert claims in legal proceedings against third parties to recover losses already paid and/or mitigate future losses. The amounts recovered and/or losses avoided which may result from these proceedings is uncertain, although recoveries and/or losses avoided in any one or more of these proceedings during any quarter or fiscal year could be material to Ambac’s results of operations in that quarter or fiscal year.

Puerto ~~Rico:~~

~~Lex Claims, LLC et al. v. Alejandro Garcia Padilla et al.~~ ~~(United States District Court, District of Puerto~~ Rico No. 16-2374, filed July 20, 2016). Following confirmation of the COFINA Plan, several parties appealed the District Court’s confirmation order to the First Circuit Court of Appeals. On April 12, 2019, the Oversight Board and the Puerto Rico Fiscal Agency and Financial Advisory Authority ("AAFAF") moved to dismiss these appeals as equitably moot because the COFINA Plan has been consummated.

~~Ambac Assurance Corporation v. Bank of New York Mellon~~ (United States District Court, Southern District of New York. No. 1:17-cv-03804, filed May 2, 2017). Following confirmation of the COFINA Plan, several parties appealed the District Court’s confirmation order to the First Circuit Court of Appeals. On April 12, 2019, the Oversight Board and AAFAF moved to dismiss these

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~~(Dollar Amounts in Thousands, Except Share Amounts)~~

~~appeals as equitably moot because the COFINA Plan has been consummated.~~

~~Bank of New York Mellon v. COFINA, et al.~~ (United States District Court, District of Puerto Rico, No. 1:17-ap-00133, filed May 16, 2017). Following confirmation of the COFINA Plan, several parties appealed the District Court’s confirmation order to the First Circuit Court of Appeals. On April 12, 2019, the Oversight Board and AAFAF moved to dismiss these appeals as equitably moot because the COFINA Plan has been consummated.

~~Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors v. Whyte~~ (United States District Court, District of Puerto Rico, No. 1:17-ap-00257, filed September 8, 2017) (the Commonwealth-COFINA Dispute). On February 21, 2019, on the joint motion of the agents for the Commonwealth and COFINA, the Oversight Board, AAFAF, and all participating interested parties, the District Court dismissed this case with prejudice. Following confirmation of the COFINA Plan, several parties appealed the District Court’s confirmation order to the First Circuit Court of Appeals. On April 12, 2019, the Oversight Board and AAFAF moved to dismiss these appeals as equitably moot because the COFINA Plan has been consummated.

Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico v. Public Buildings Authority (United States District Court, District of Puerto Rico, No. 1:18-ap-00149, filed December 21, 2018). On December 21, 2018, the Oversight Board, together with the ~~Official~~ Committee, ~~of Unsecured Creditors for the Commonwealth (the “Committee”),~~ as Plaintiffs, ~~together~~ filed a complaint against the Puerto Rico Public Buildings Authority (“~~PBA~~”PBA”) seeking declaratory judgment that the leases between PBA and its lessees-many of whom are agencies and instrumentalities of the Commonwealth-are “disguised financings,” not true leases, and therefore should not be afforded administrative expense priority under the Bankruptcy Code. On March 12, 2019, Ambac Assurance and other interested parties were permitted to intervene in order to argue that the PBA leases are valid leases, and are entitled to administrative expense treatment under the Bankruptcy Code. ~~Certain intervenor-defendants~~On June 16, 2019, the Oversight Board announced that it had entered into a plan support agreement ("PSA") with certain general obligation and PBA bondholders that includes a proposed resolution of claim objections to and issues surrounding both general obligation and PBA bonds, including a proposed settlement of this adversary proceeding. On July 24, 2019, the District Court referred this matter to mediation and ordered it stayed during the pendency of such mediation. On September 27, 2019, the Oversight Board filed ~~counterclaims~~a joint plan of adjustment and disclosure statement for ~~declarations~~the Commonwealth, PBA, and the Employees’ Retirement System for Puerto Rico. On February 9, 2020, the Oversight Board executed a new plan support agreement with additional creditors (the “New PSA”) and announced that it intends to file, and seek to confirm, the Amended POA. On March 10, 2020, the District Court ordered that this ~~effect, and a motion for judgment on~~case remain stayed while the ~~pleadings. Motion practice in connection with both is ongoing.~~Oversight Board attempts to confirm the Amended POA.

In re Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico (United States District Court, District of Puerto Rico, No. 1:17-bk-03283), Omnibus Objection of (I) Financial Oversight and Management Board, Acting Through its Special Claims Committee, and (II) Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors, Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code Section 502 and Bankruptcy Rule 3007, to Claims Filed or Asserted by Holders of Certain Commonwealth General Obligation Bonds (Dkt. No. 4784, filed January 14, 2019) (“GO Bond Claim Objection Procedures”). On January 14, 2019, the Oversight Board and the Committee filed an omnibus claim

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AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in Millions, Except Share Amounts)

objection in the Commonwealth’s Title III case challenging claims arising from certain general obligation bonds issued by the Commonwealth in 2012 and 2014 totaling approximately $6 billion, none of which are held or insured by Ambac Assurance. The court subsequently ordered certain consolidated procedures permitting parties in interest an opportunity to participate in litigation of the objection. On April 11, 2019, Ambac Assurance filed a notice of participation in support of the objection, advancing the argument, among other things, that the PBA leases are true leases, but the associated debt nonetheless

should be included in the Commonwealth’s debt ceiling calculation such that the 2012 and 2014 general obligation bond issuances are null and void and claims arising therefrom should be disallowed. On June 16, 2019, the Oversight Board announced that it had entered into a PSA with certain general obligation and PBA bondholders that includes a proposed resolution of claim objections to and issues surrounding both general obligation and PBA bonds, including a proposed settlement of this omnibus claim objection. On June 25, 2019, the Oversight Board moved to stay proceedings related to this omnibus claim objection while it pursues confirmation of the plan contemplated in the PSA. On July 24, 2019, the District Court referred this matter to mediation and ordered it stayed during the pendency of such mediation. On February 5, 2020, certain parties filed motions to dismiss the claim objection. On February 9, 2020, the Oversight Board executed the New PSA and announced that it intends to file, and seek to confirm, the Amended POA. Additional motions to dismiss were filed on February 19, 2020. On March 10, 2020, the District Court ordered that this matter remain stayed while the Oversight Board attempts to confirm the Amended POA.

In re Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico (United States District Court, District of Puerto Rico, No. 1:17-bk-03283), Ambac Assurance Corporation’s Motion to Strike Certain Provisions of the Plan Support Agreement By and Among the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico, Certain GO Holders, and Certain PBA Holders (Dkt. No. 8020, filed July 16, 2019) (“Ambac Assurance Motion to Strike PSA”). On June 16, 2019, the Oversight Board announced that it had entered into a PSA with certain general obligation and PBA bondholders that includes a proposed resolution of claim objections to and issues surrounding both general obligation and PBA bonds. On July 16, 2019, Ambac Assurance filed a motion to strike certain provisions of the PSA that it believes violate PROMESA, including the potential payment of a breakup fee to creditors who have supported the PSA. On July 24, 2019, the District Court referred this matter to mediation and ordered it stayed during the pendency of such mediation. On February 9, 2020, the Oversight Board executed the New PSA. On March 10, 2020, the District Court denied Ambac Assurance’s motion without prejudice given the execution of the New PSA.

In re Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico (United States District Court, District of Puerto Rico, No. 1:17-bk-03283), Ambac Assurance Corporation's Motion and Memorandum of Law in Support of Its Motion Concerning Application of the Automatic Stay to the Revenues Securing PRIFA Rum Tax Bonds (Dkt. No. 7176, filed May 30, 2019) (“PRIFA Stay Motion”). On May 30, 2019, Ambac Assurance filed a motion seeking an order that the automatic stay does not apply to certain lawsuits Ambac Assurance seeks to bring or to continue relating to bonds issued by PRIFA, or, in the alternative, for relief from the

automatic stay to pursue such lawsuits or for adequate protection of Ambac Assurance's collateral. On July 24, 2019, the District Court referred this matter to mediation and ordered it stayed during the pendency of such mediation. On January 31, 2020, the District Court granted a motion filed by Ambac Assurance, together with Assured Guaranty Corporation, Assured Guaranty Municipal Corporation, and Financial Guaranty Insurance Company to amend the PRIFA Stay Motion in order to allow the PRIFA bond trustee to join the amended motion and to allow movants to address recent, controlling precedent from the First Circuit, and Ambac Assurance filed the amended motion the same day. A preliminary hearing on the amended motion is scheduled for June 4, 2020.

In re Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico (United States District Court, District of Puerto Rico, No. 1:17-bk-03283), Motion of Assured Guaranty Corp., Assured Municipal Corp., Ambac Assurance Corporation, National Public Finance Guarantee Corporation, and Financial Guaranty Insurance Company for Relief from the Automatic Stay, or, in the Alternative, Adequate Protection (Dkt. No. 10102, filed January 16, 2020) (“PRHTA Stay Motion”). Pursuant to an order of the District Court setting out an agreed schedule for litigation submitted by the Mediation Team, on January 16, 2020, Ambac Assurance, together with Assured Guaranty Corp., Assured Municipal Corp., National Public Finance Guarantee Corporation, and Financial Guaranty Insurance Company filed a motion seeking an order that the automatic stay does not apply to movants’ enforcement of the application of pledged revenues to the PRHTA bonds or the enforcement of movants’ liens on revenues pledged to such bonds, or, in the alternative, for adequate protection of movants’ interests in the revenues pledged to PRHTA bonds. A preliminary hearing on the motion is scheduled for June 4, 2020.

In re Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico (United States District Court, District of Puerto Rico, No. 1:17-bk-03283), Ambac Assurance Corporation, Financial Guaranty Insurance Company, Assured Guaranty Corp., Assured Municipal Corp., and the Bank of New York Mellon’s Motion Concerning Application of the Automatic Stay to the Revenues Securing the CCDA Bonds (Dkt. No. 10104, filed January 16, 2020) (“PRCCDA Stay Motion”). Pursuant to an order of the District Court setting out an agreed schedule for litigation submitted by the Mediation Team, on January 16, 2020, Ambac Assurance, together with Financial Guaranty Insurance Company, Assured Guaranty Corp., Assured Municipal Corp., and the PRCCDA bond trustee, filed a motion seeking an order either (i) that the automatic stay does not apply to movants’ enforcement of their rights to revenues pledged to PRCCDA bonds by bringing an enforcement action against PRCCDA; or, in the alternative, (ii) lifting the automatic stay to enable movants to pursue an enforcement action against PRCCDA; or, in the further alternative, (iii) ordering adequate protection of movants’ interests in the PRCCDA pledged to PRCCDA bonds. A preliminary hearing on the motion is scheduled for June 4, 2020.

Ambac Assurance Corporation v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Samuel A. Ramirez & Co. Inc., Raymond James & Associates, Inc., and UBS Financial Services Inc. (Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Court of First Instance, San Juan Superior Court, Case No. CV-000248923, filed February 19, 2020). On February 19, 2020,

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AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in Millions, Except Share Amounts)

Ambac Assurance filed a complaint in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Court of First Instance, San Juan Superior Court, against certain underwriters of Ambac-insured bonds issued by PRIFA and PRCCDA, with causes of action under the Puerto Rico civil law doctrines of actos proprios and Unilateral Declaration of Will. Ambac Assurance alleges defendants engaged in inequitable conduct in underwriting Ambac-insured bonds issued by PRIFA and PRCCDA, including failing to investigate and adequately disclose material information in the official statements for the bonds that defendants provided to Ambac Assurance regarding systemic deficiencies in the Commonwealth’s financial reporting. Ambac Assurance seeks damages in compensation for claims paid by Ambac Assurance on its financial guaranty insurance policies insuring such bonds, pre-judgment and post-judgment interest, and attorneys’ fees. On March 20, 2020, Defendants removed this case to the Title III Court. On April 20, 2020, Ambac moved to remand the case back to the Court of First Instance. Briefing on the motion to remand is scheduled to conclude on June 10, 2020.

Ambac Assurance Corporation v. Autopistas Metropolitanas de Puerto Rico, LLC (United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico) Case No. 3:20-cv-01094, filed February 19, 2020). On February 19, 2020, Ambac Assurance filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the District of Puerto Rico, against Autopistas Metropolitanas de Puerto Rico, LLC (“Metropistas”), which holds a concession from PRHTA for two Puerto Rico highways, PR-5 and PR-22, in connection with a 10-year extension of the concession that was entered into in April 2016. The complaint includes claims for fraudulent conveyance and unjust enrichment, alleging that the consideration paid by Metropistas for the extension was less than reasonably equivalent value and most of the benefit of such payment was received by the Commonwealth instead of PRHTA. Ambac Assurance also seeks a declaratory judgment that it has a valid and continuing lien on certain toll revenues that are being collected by Metropistas. On March 31, 2020, the Oversight Board filed a motion before the Title III Court seeking an order directing Ambac to withdraw its complaint. On April 20, 2020, the District Court ordered this case stayed pending briefing before the Title III Court on the Oversight Board’s motion to withdraw. A hearing before the Title III Court on the motion to withdraw is scheduled for June 3, 2020.

Student Loans Exposure

CFPB v. Nat’l Collegiate Master Student Loan Trust (United States District Court, District of Delaware, Case No. 1:17-cv-01323, filed September 18, 2017). The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) filed a complaint against fifteen National Collegiate Student Loan Trusts, regarding alleged improprieties and deficiencies in servicing practices. Simultaneous with the filing of its complaint, CFPB also filed a motion for entry of a proposed consent judgment that would grant monetary damages and injunctive relief against the Trusts. Ambac Assurance guaranteed certain securities issued by three of the Trusts and indirectly insures six other Trusts. On September 20, 2017, Ambac Assurance filed a motion to intervene in the action, which motion was granted on October 19, 2018. On November 29, 2018, the court set a bifurcated discovery and briefing schedule. Discovery and briefing is now complete as to certain threshold issues. Additionally, on March 19, 2020, Intervenor Transworld Systems Inc. filed a motion to dismiss the action for lack of subject matter jurisdiction.

RMBS ~~Litigation:~~Litigation

In connection with Ambac Assurance’s efforts to seek redress for breaches of representations and warranties and fraud related to the information provided by both the underwriters and the sponsors of various transactions and for failure to comply with the obligation by the sponsors to repurchase ineligible loans, Ambac Assurance has filed various lawsuits:

•

Ambac Assurance Corporation and ~~the Segregated Account of Ambac Assurance Corporation v. Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., Countrywide Securities Corp., Countrywide Financial Corp., and Bank of America Corp.~~ (Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, Case No. 653979/2014, filed on December 30, 2014). Discovery has been completed. The court has not yet set a schedule for summary judgment or for trial.

•

~~Ambac Assurance Corporation and~~ The Segregated Account of Ambac Assurance Corporation v. Countrywide Securities Corp., Countrywide Financial Corp. (a.k.a. Bank of America Home Loans) and Bank of America Corp. (Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, Case No. 651612/2010, filed on September 28, 2010). Ambac Assurance’s Second Amended Complaint, filed on May 28, 2013, asserted claims against Countrywide and Bank of America (as successor to Countrywide’s liabilities) for, among other things, breach of contract and fraudulent inducement. In August and October 2018, Defendants filed various pre-trial motions seeking to (1) strike Ambac Assurance’s jury demand for its fraudulent-inducement claim; (2) strike Ambac Assurance’s jury demand for its successor-liability claim; (3) bifurcate the trials for Ambac Assurance’s primary- and successor-liability claims; (4) limit the loans for which Ambac Assurance may seek to recover damages; (5) preclude Ambac Assurance from using sampling to prove liability or damages for breach of contract; and (6) dismiss Ambac Assurance’s fraudulent-inducement claim as duplicative of its contract claim.motions. On December 30, 2018, the court denied all ~~six~~ of these pre-trial motions in their entirety and Defendants appealed. On ~~January 24,~~September 17, 2019, ~~the court ordered that trial be put off until~~ the First Department ~~resolves Defendants’ appeals, provided that Defendants perfected~~affirmed in part and reversed in part the ~~appeals~~trial court’s rulings. On October 17, 2019, Countrywide filed a motion for leave to appeal certain issues to the ~~May 2019 Term at the First Department.~~ ~~Defendants perfected their appeals~~New York Court of Appeals and for ~~the May Term by~~ ~~filing their opening~~reargument or leave to appeal ~~briefs in~~certain other issues. On January 16, 2020, the First Department ~~on February 19,~~recalled and vacated its September 17, 2019~~; Ambac Assurance filed its opposition brief on March 20, 2019;~~ decision and ~~Defendants filed their reply briefs on March 29, 2019. Oral argument on Defendants’ appeals of these six pre-trial motions was held in~~order and substituted a new decision and order. On the same date, the First Department denied Countrywide’s motion seeking leave to appeal, without prejudice to seeking such leave from the reissued decision and order. On January 30, 2020, Countrywide filed a new motion for leave to appeal the First Department’s denial of its motions, which Ambac Assurance opposed. On January 14, 2020, the trial court granted Ambac Assurance’s motion to supplement and amend certain of its expert reports, and expert discovery is ongoing. Due to the impact of COVID-19 on ~~May 2, 2019~~.the court system in New York State, which has caused the postponement of all in-person proceedings, the Court vacated the previously scheduled July 13, 2020 trial date. Given the difficulty or impossibility of predicting the scope, duration and magnitude of the effect of COVID-19 on the New York court system, and the possibility of other intervening causes of delay, we can provide no assurance as to when the trial will be rescheduled.

•

Ambac Assurance Corporation v. U.S. Bank National Association (United States District Court, Southern District of New York, Docket No. 18-cv-5182 (LGS), filed June 8, 2018 (the “SDNY Action”)); In the matter of HarborView Mortgage Loan Trust 2005-10 (Minnesota state court, Docket No. 27-TR-CV-17-32 (the “Minnesota Action”)). These two actions relate to U.S. Bank National Association’s (“U.S. Bank”) acceptance of a proposed settlement in a separate litigation that U.S. Bank is prosecuting, as trustee, related to the Harborview Mortgage Loan Trust, Series 2005-10 (“Harborview 2005-10”), a residential mortgage-backed securitization for which Ambac Assurance issued an insurance policy. On ~~February 11, 2019,~~March 6, 2017, U.S. Bank filed a petition commencing the Minnesota Action, a trust instruction proceeding in Minnesota state court concerning the proposed settlement, and on June 12, 2017, U.S. Bank filed an amended petition. Ambac Assurance filed a petition for certiorari with the United States Supreme Court for review of the denial of Ambac Assurance’s motion to dismiss the Minnesota Action. On March 21, 2019, the United States Supreme Court directed U.S. Bank to respond to this petition for certiorari; the deadline for U.S. Bank to do so is May 22, 2019.

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AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in ~~Thousands,~~Millions, Except Share Amounts)

motion to dismiss the Minnesota Action, which was denied on November 13, 2017, and the denial was affirmed on appeal. On September 6, 2018, U.S. Bank filed its Second Amended Petition, and Ambac Assurance and certain other certificateholders objected to, or otherwise responded to, the petition. Discovery in the Minnesota Action is ongoing, and the court has set June 20, 2020 as the date for the start of the trial. On June 8, 2018, Ambac Assurance filed the SDNY Action asserting claims arising out of U.S. Bank’s acceptance of the proposed settlement and treatment of trust recoveries. Ambac Assurance asserted claims for declaratory judgment, breach of contract, and breach of fiduciary duty. On July 16, 2019, the court dismissed Ambac Assurance's breach-of-contract and breach-of-fiduciary-duty claims based on U.S. Bank's acceptance of the settlement; and dismissed Ambac Assurance's declaratory judgment claims regarding the occurrence of an Event of Default and U.S. Bank's future distribution of trust recoveries through the waterfall. The court denied the motion to dismiss Ambac Assurance's breach-of-contract claims based on U.S. Bank's past distribution of trust recoveries through the waterfall. On January 17, 2020, U.S. Bank moved for summary judgment regarding the remaining claim relating to distributions. On February 7, 2020, Ambac

Assurance cross-moved for summary judgment. These summary judgment motions are fully briefed.

•

In re application of Deutsche Bank National Trust Company as Trustee of the Harborview Mortgage Loan Trust Mortgage Loan Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2006-9 (Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, No. 654208/2018), filed August 23, ~~2018. In opposing DBNT’s request for an order instructing it~~2018 (the “Trust Instruction Proceeding”). This action relates to Deutsche Bank National Trust Company’s (“DBNT”) proposed settlement of claims related to the Harborview Mortgage Loan Trust Series 2006-9 (“Harborview 2006-09”). On August 23, 2018, DBNT filed a Petition commencing the Trust Instruction Proceeding, seeking judicial instruction pursuant to CPLR Article 77, inter alia, to accept the proposed settlement ~~concerning~~with respect of claims relating to Harborview ~~2006-9,~~2006-9. On November 2, 2018, Ambac Assurance and other interested persons filed notices of intention to appear and answers to DBNT’s petition. Ambac Assurance sought a period of discovery before resolution on the merits. Under the current case schedule discovery is to be completed by May 20, 2020 and merits briefing by July 10, 2020. Ambac Assurance ~~has issued document requests~~expects this schedule to DBNT and subpoenas for documents to Countrywide Home Loans and Bank of America N.A. At an initial conference on April 15, 2019, the court encouraged the parties to meet and confer regarding a case schedule pursuant to which discovery would be ~~completed within four months.~~modified.


Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Following this summary is a discussion addressing the consolidated results of operations and financial condition of Ambac Financial Group, Inc. (“~~Ambac” or “the Company”~~AFG”) for the periods indicated. References to “Ambac,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us” are to AFG and its subsidiaries, as the context requires. This discussion should be read in conjunction with Ambac’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the ~~CAUTIONARY STATEMENT PURSUANT TO THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF~~Cautionary Statement Pursuant To The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act Of 1995 below and Risk Factors set forth in Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q.

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) contains certain financial measures, in particular the presentation of Adjusted Earnings and Adjusted Book Value, which are not presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). We are presenting these non-GAAP financial measures because they provide greater transparency and enhanced visibility into the underlying drivers of our business. We do not intend for these non-GAAP financial measures to be a substitute for any GAAP financial measures and they may differ from similar reporting provided by other companies. Readers of this Form 10-Q should use these non-GAAP financial measures only in conjunction with the comparable GAAP financial measures. Adjusted Earnings and Adjusted Book Value are non-GAAP financial measures that adjust for the impact of certain non-recurring or non-economic GAAP accounting requirements and include the addition of certain items that the Company has or expects to realize in the future, but that are not reported under GAAP. We provide reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP measures; Adjusted Earnings to Net income attributable to

common stockholders and Adjusted Book Value to Total Ambac Financial Group, Inc. stockholders’ equity.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT PURSUANT TO THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995

Management has included in Parts I and II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including this MD&A, statements that may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as “estimate,” “project,” “plan,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “planned,” “potential” and

similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “should,” “would,” “could,” and “may,” or the negative of those expressions or verbs, identify forward-looking statements. We caution readers that these statements are not guarantees of future performance. Forward-looking statements are not historical facts but instead represent only our beliefs regarding future events, which may by their nature be inherently uncertain and some of which may be outside our control. These statements may relate to plans and objectives with respect to the future, among other things which may change. We are alerting you to the possibility that our actual results may differ, possibly materially, from the expected objectives or anticipated results that may be suggested, expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our results to differ, possibly materially, from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, those discussed under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of the ~~2018~~2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K and in Part II, Item 1A of this quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Any or all of management’s forward-looking statements here or in other publications may turn out to be incorrect and are based on management’s current belief or opinions. Ambac’s actual results may vary materially, and there are no guarantees about the

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performance of Ambac’s securities. Among events, risks, uncertainties or factors that could cause actual results to differ materially are: (1) the highly speculative nature of ~~Ambac’s~~AFG’s common stock and volatility in the price of ~~Ambac’s~~AFG’s common stock; (2) uncertainty concerning the Company’s ability to achieve value for holders of its securities, whether from Ambac Assurance Corporation ("Ambac Assurance") and its subsidiaries or from transactions or opportunities apart from Ambac ~~Assurance;~~Assurance and its subsidiaries, including new business initiatives; (3) changes in ~~Ambac Assurance’s~~Ambac’s estimated representation and warranty recoveries or loss reserves over time; (4) failure to recover claims paid on Puerto Rico exposures or incurrence of losses in amounts higher than expected; (5) adverse effects on ~~Ambac’s~~AFG’s share price resulting from future offerings of debt or equity securities that rank senior to ~~Ambac’s~~AFG’s common stock; (6) potential of rehabilitation proceedings against Ambac Assurance; (7) dilution of current shareholder value or adverse effects on ~~Ambac’s~~AFG’s share price resulting from the issuance of additional shares of common stock; (8) inadequacy of reserves established for losses and loss expenses and possibility that changes in loss reserves may result in further volatility of earnings or financial results; (9) increased fiscal stress experienced by issuers of public finance obligations or an increased incidence of Chapter 9 filings or other restructuring proceedings by public finance issuers, including an increased risk of loss on revenue bonds of distressed public finance issuers due to a recent judicial ~~decision~~decisions adverse to revenue bond holders; (10) ~~the Company's~~Ambac's inability to realize the expected recoveries included in its financial statements; (11) insufficiency or unavailability of collateral to pay secured obligations; (12) credit risk throughout ~~the Company’s~~Ambac’s business, including but not limited to credit risk related to residential mortgage-backed securities, student loan and other asset securitizations, public finance obligations (including obligations of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and its instrumentalities and ~~agencies as well as obligations relating to privatized military housing projects)~~agencies) and exposures to reinsurers; (13) credit risks related to large single risks, risk concentrations and correlated risks; (14) the risk that the ~~Company’s~~Ambac’s risk management policies and practices do not anticipate certain risks

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and/or the magnitude of potential for loss; (15) risks associated with adverse selection as ~~the Company’s~~Ambac’s insured portfolio runs off; (16) adverse effects on operating results or the Company’s financial position resulting from measures taken to reduce risks in its insured portfolio; (17) disagreements or disputes with ~~Ambac Assurance's primary~~Ambac's insurance ~~regulator;~~regulators; (18) our inability to mitigate or remediate losses, commute or reduce insured exposures or achieve recoveries or investment objectives, or the failure of any transaction intended to accomplish one or more of these objectives to deliver anticipated results; (19) ~~the Company’s~~Ambac’s substantial indebtedness could adversely affect its financial condition and operating flexibility; (20) ~~the Company~~Ambac may not be able to obtain financing or raise capital on acceptable terms or at all due to its substantial indebtedness and financial condition; (21) ~~the Company~~Ambac may not be able to generate the significant amount of cash needed to service its debt and financial obligations, and may not be able to refinance its indebtedness; (22) restrictive covenants in agreements and instruments may impair ~~the Company’s~~Ambac's ability to pursue or achieve its business strategies; (23) loss of control rights in transactions for which we provide insurance due to a finding that Ambac ~~Assurance~~ has defaulted; (24) the ~~Company’s results~~impact of ~~operation may be adversely affected by~~catastrophic environmental or natural events, ~~or circumstances that result in~~including catastrophic public health events like the ~~accelerated amortization~~COVID-19 pandemic, on significant portions of ~~the Company’s insurance intangible asset;~~our insured and investment portfolios; (25) adverse tax consequences or other costs resulting from the characterization of ~~the Company’s~~Ambac Assurance’s surplus notes or other obligations as equity; (26) risks attendant to the

change in composition of securities in ~~the Company’s~~Ambac’s investment portfolio; (27) changes in ~~tax law; (28) changes in~~ prevailing interest rates; ~~(29) changes on inter-bank lending rate reporting practices or~~(28) the ~~method pursuant to which LIBOR rates are determined; (30)~~expected discontinuance of the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate; (29) factors that may influence the amount of installment premiums paid to ~~the Company; (31)~~Ambac; (30) default by one or more of Ambac ~~Assurance's~~'s portfolio investments, insured issuers or counterparties; ~~(32)~~(31) market risks impacting assets in the ~~Company’s~~Ambac’s investment portfolio or the value of our assets posted as collateral in respect of interest rate swap transactions; ~~(33)~~(32) risks relating to determinations of amounts of impairments taken on investments; ~~(34)~~(33) the risk of litigation and regulatory inquiries or investigations, and the risk of adverse outcomes in connection therewith, which could have a material adverse effect on ~~the Company’s~~Ambac’s business, operations, financial position, profitability or cash flows; ~~(35)~~(34) actions of stakeholders whose interests are not aligned with broader interests of ~~the Company's~~Ambac's stockholders; ~~(36) the Company’s inability to realize value from Ambac UK or other subsidiaries of Ambac Assurance; (37)~~(35) system security ~~risks; (38) market spreads~~risks, data protection breaches and ~~pricing on interest rate derivatives insured or issued by the Company; (39) the risk of volatility in income and earnings, including volatility due to the application of fair value accounting; (40)~~cyber attacks; (36) changes in accounting principles or practices that may impact ~~the Company’s~~Ambac’s reported financial results; ~~(41) legislative~~(37) the economic and regulatory ~~developments, including intervention by regulatory authorities; (42) the economic~~ impact of “Brexit”; ~~(43)~~(38) operational risks, including with respect to internal processes, risk and investment models, systems and employees, and failures in services or products provided by third parties; ~~(44) the Company’s~~(39) Ambac’s financial position that may prompt departures of key employees and may impact the ~~Company’s~~its ability to attract qualified executives and employees; ~~(45)~~(40) fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could adversely impact the insured portfolio in the event of loss reserves or claim payments denominated in a currency other than US dollars and the value of non-US dollar denominated securities

in our investment portfolio; and ~~(46)~~(41) other risks and uncertainties that have not been identified at this time.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Company Overview:

See Note 1. Background and Business Description to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part I, Item 1 in this Form 10-Q and Note 1. Background and Business Description in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019, for a description of the Company and our key strategic priorities to achieve our primary goal to maximize stockholder value.

Ambac Assurance and Subsidiaries:

A key strategy for Ambac is to increase the value of its investment in Ambac Assurance by actively managing its assets and liabilities. Asset management primarily entails maximizing the risk adjusted return on non-VIE invested assets and managing liquidity to help ensure resources are available to meet operational and strategic cash needs. These strategic cash needs include activities associated with Ambac's liability management and loss mitigation programs.

Asset Management:

Investment portfolios are subject to internal investment guidelines, as well as limits on types and quality of investments imposed by applicable insurance laws and regulations. As part of its investment strategy, and in accordance with the aforementioned guidelines, Ambac Assurance and Ambac ~~Assurance~~ UK, ~~Limited ("Ambac UK"),~~ a subsidiary of Ambac Assurance, purchase distressed Ambac-insured securities based on their relative risk/reward characteristics. The investment portfolios of Ambac Assurance and Ambac UK also hold fixed income securities and funds that include a variety of other assets including, but not limited to, corporate bonds, asset backed and mortgage backed securities, municipal bonds, high yield bonds, leveraged loans, equities, real estate and insurance-linked securities.various pooled investment funds. Refer to

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 432020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Note 8. Investments to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part I, Item 1 in this Form 10-Q for further details of fixed income investments by asset ~~class.~~category and pooled investment funds by investment type.

At March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, Ambac and its subsidiaries owned ~~$568~~$402 million of distressed Ambac-insured bonds, including ~~$139~~$164 million of Puerto Rico bonds ~~insured~~and excluding Ambac's holdings of secured notes issued by Ambac ~~Assurance and $145 million Ballantyne Re Plc bonds insured by Ambac UK.~~LSNI in connection with the Rehabilitation Exit Transactions. Subject to applicable internal and regulatory guidelines, market conditions and other constraints, Ambac will continue to opportunistically purchase Ambac-insured securities.

Liability and Insured Exposure Management:

Ambac Assurance's Risk Management Group focuses on the analysis, implementation and execution of commutations, risk reduction or defeasance, and loss recovery strategies. Analysts evaluate the estimated timing and severity of projected policy claims as well as the potential impact of loss mitigation or remediation strategies in order to target and prioritize policies, or portions thereof, for commutation, reinsurance, refinancing, restructuring or other risk reduction strategies. For targeted policies, analysts will engage with issuers, bondholders ~~issuers~~ and other economic stakeholders to negotiate, structure and execute such strategies. During ~~2019, Ambac's successes~~2020, successful risk reduction transactions included:

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 43~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

~~On February 12, 2019, the COFINA Plan of Adjustment ("POA") became effective. The POA, including certain related~~A commutation ~~transactions, and subsequent distributions resulted~~ in a reduction of Ambac Assurance's insured exposure to COFINA by approximately 77% or $620 million to $185 million and a reduction in overall Puerto Rico exposure from $1.9 billion to $1.3 billion at March 31, 2019. Refer to Part II, Item 7. Financial Guarantees in Force in Ambac's 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the different issuing entities that encompass Ambac's exposures to Puerto Rico as well as the COFINA POA;

~~Worked with an issuer to commute,~~January 2020, via a refunding, ~~an adversely classified~~of a watch list public finance transaction with net par outstanding of ~~$350~~$171 million at December 31, ~~2018;~~2019; and

~~Worked with~~A refinancing in February 2020 of an ~~issuer to refinance two watch list asset backed lease securitizations~~adversely classified asset-backed leasing transaction with net par outstanding of ~~$95~~$86 million at December 31, ~~2018;~~

~~Worked closely with servicers and owners of Master Servicing Rights to exercise clean-up calls on two watch list RMBS transactions with net par outstanding at December 31, 2018 of $48 million; and~~

Benefited from the final paydown and refunding, respectively, of two watch list exposures that were subject to risk remediation efforts, including an aircraft asset backed securitization transaction and a public finance transportation transaction with total net par outstanding at December 31, 2018 of $102 million.2019.

The following table provides a comparison of total, adversely classified credits ("ACC") and watch list credits net par outstanding in the insured portfolio at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. Net par ~~exposures~~exposure within the U.S. public finance market includes capital appreciation bonds which are reported at the par amount at the time of issuance of the insurance policy as opposed to the current accreted value of the bonds.


($ in billions)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		Variance
($ in millions)										March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		Variance
Total	$	44.5	$	46.9	$	(2.5	)	(5	)%	$	36,186	$	38,018	$	(1,832	)	(5	)%
ACC	9.5		10.9		(1.3		)	(12	)%	8,376		7,535		841			11	%
Watch list	9.2		9.0		0.2			2	%	5,442		6,752		(1,310		)	(19	)%

The overall reduction in ACC and Watch List total net par outstanding resulted from active de-risking initiatives at Ambac Assurance and Ambac UK, including the transactions noted above, as well as scheduled maturities, amortizations, ~~commutations,~~ refundings and ~~calls, including reductions~~calls. Additionally, total net par outstanding reduced as a result of the ~~activities~~weakening of ~~Ambac and its subsidiaries~~British Pounds as ~~noted above.~~compared to US Dollars.

The decrease in adversely classified credit exposures is primarily due to (i) results of active risk reductions; (ii) paydowns or calls by issuers, mostly related to residential mortgage-backed securities and (iii) the improved credit profile of certain residential mortgage-backed securities and their upgrade from the adversely classified credit listing. The increase in ~~watch list credit~~ACC exposures is primarily due to the addition of ~~various lease~~credits impacted by COVID-19 (including $970 million of net par outstanding from the watch list category), such as hotel tax, convention center and ~~tax-backed and mortgage-backed exposures~~public house insured transactions, partially offset by active ~~risk reductions~~de-risking and paydowns or calls by issuers. In addition, as a result of the economic impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic, $2,635 million of net par outstanding in sectors such as

~~Although our insured portfolio has generally performed satisfactorily in 2019, we~~

mass transit, toll roads, and private higher education, among others, have been added to the Survey List. The Survey List is a categorization for enhanced monitoring of currently performing credits.

We continue to experience stress in ~~certain insured exposures, particularly within~~ our exposure to Puerto Rico

~~consisting~~ that consists of several different issuing entities (all below investment grade). Each issuing entity has its own credit risk profile attributable to discreet revenue sources, direct general obligation pledges and general obligation guarantees. Refer to Part 1, Item 1 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, for additional information regarding the different issuing entities that encompass Ambac's exposures to Puerto Rico.

~~Ambac:~~COVID-19

In March 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19, caused by a novel strain of the coronavirus, was recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization, and the outbreak is now widespread globally, including in the markets in which we operate. The COVID-19 outbreak has had a notable impact on general economic conditions, including but not limited to a sharp spike in unemployment; a broad based and significant decrease in asset valuations; closure or severe curtailment of the operations of many businesses and enterprises to which we are directly or indirectly exposed, such as hotels, restaurants, sports and entertainment facilities, airports and other transportation facilities, and retail establishments, mostly due to shelter-in-place orders, social distancing guidelines, travel bans and restrictions, and business shutdowns. In addition, in March 2020 a disagreement between Russia and Saudi Arabia over oil production quotas led to a sudden and sharp decline in oil prices which have subsequently fallen to historic lows. Accordingly, we are now in a global recession with most large economies experiencing negative growth. In the U.S., monetary policy and fiscal stimulus, particularly the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security ("CARES") Act, have helped moderate the economic impact of COVID-19, along with stimulus and other actions taken by governments outside the U.S.; however, credit risk remains a concern given the uncertainty over the severity and duration of the COVID-19 related disruption.

COVID-19 has impacted Ambac's operating environment. Ambac has implemented a COVID-19 response plan designed to ensure the safety of our staff and business continuity. Our employees have transitioned to working remotely while maintaining full operational capabilities. We have not experienced and do not anticipate incurring material incremental operating expenditures to maintain the current remote operating environment. In addition to our own staff, Ambac's critical third-party service providers are operating remotely and therefore we have conducted a review of these service providers and have not presently identified or experienced any limitations or operational constraints with respect to services provided in the current environment. Ambac does not believe that our current operating environment has resulted in a significant change to our disclosure controls or internal controls over financial reporting.

COVID-19 has adversely impacted Ambac's financial position and results of operations as credit risk in the insured and investment portfolios has increased. Municipal, project finance, mortgage-backed and student loan sectors, and other asset securitizations, in particular, could be materially adversely impacted, and as a result

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 442020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

we have increased loss reserves across each of these and other sectors during the three months ended March 31, 2020. We are continuously evaluating and updating our view of the macro economic environment as well as our specific credit view of each of our insured exposures considering the significant uncertainties brought upon us by the COVID-19 pandemic. The overall financial impact from COVID-19 has been and will be a function of (i) the ability of issuers of insured obligations and other counterparties to pay their obligations when due, whether due to operational or financial reasons; (ii) the impact of changes to interest rates on policy and derivative payments and (iii) the performance of the investment portfolio.

Ambac’s insurance policies will be drawn in the event that the issuers of insured obligations do not make payments on their obligations when due. As a result of the COVID-19 related economic disruption on markets where Ambac provides financial guarantees, including lower tax, project, and business revenues and increases in forbearances or delinquencies on mortgage and student loan payments, we have increased our loss reserves and may further increase them in the future depending on the duration and severity of the crisis. Ambac also has premiums due from issuers; we currently do not expect any significant delay or increase in credit impairments with respect to insurance premiums, but that is subject to change.

Ambac has exposure to reinsurance counterparties for their portions of future claim payments. Ambac has reinsured approximately 13.8% of its gross par outstanding to four reinsurance counterparties. Each of these reinsurance counterparties is experienced in the business of reinsuring and/or writing financial guaranty insurance. All have ratings of A+ (by S&P) or better and have sufficient collateralization or replacement triggers upon downgrade. Ambac actively monitors each of these reinsurance entities and at present believes they have the ability to perform under their respective reinsurance policies, but that is subject to change.

Ambac is exposed to the risk that contractual counterparties (including those under our RMBS litigations and derivative counterparties) may default in their financial obligations, whether as the result of insolvency, lack of liquidity, operational failure, fraud or other reasons. At present, Ambac has no concerns about the ability of our contractual counterparties, which include certain regulated exchanges in the case of interest rate swaps and futures, to perform under their contracts, but that is also subject to change.

Asset prices have declined substantially during the quarter, particularly in directly affected industries such as tourism, airlines, hospitality, commercial real estate and manufacturing. While Ambac does not have significant investments in these asset classes, we did experience a negative total return for the investment portfolio of approximately (4.4)% during the three month period ending March 31, 2020. We evaluated and did not recognize credit impairments on the investment portfolio as of such date. However, in early April 2020, we decided to monetize a material portion of our investments in certain assets classes; including corporate securities rated below the 'A 'rated category, all directly owned CMBS (other than Military Housing bonds and mostly 'AAA' rated), and approximately

50% of all CLOs (all rated investment grade). While these positions were sold at a net gain, future investment losses and impairments may be possible.

Given the economic uncertainties associated with the COVID-19 pandemic it is impossible to fully predict all of its consequences and, as a result, it is possible that our future operating results and financial condition may be materially adversely affected. Refer to "Financial Guarantees In Force", "Results of Operations" and "Balance Sheet Commentary" for further financial details on the current impact from COVID-19.

With regard to Ambac's new business strategic objective, we continue to evaluate opportunities in a disciplined manner. Our evaluation process has been revised to incorporate consideration of the impact of COVID-19 on new business prospects as well as Ambac's existing business and operations. While we continue to pursue new business opportunities, we believe that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a general slow down in activity as potential targets evaluate the financial and strategic impact of the pandemic on their businesses and due to the practical constraints of shelter-in-place orders, social distancing guidelines, travel bans and restrictions, and business shutdowns.

AFG:

As of March 31, ~~2019 cash, investments and receivables~~2020 the net assets of ~~Ambac~~AFG were ~~$469~~$482 million.


($ in millions)
Cash and short-term investments	$	291	$	317
Other investments ⁽¹⁾	113		157
Receivables ⁽²⁾	65
Other net assets ⁽²⁾			8
Total	$	469	$	482


(1)	Includes surplus notes (fair value of ~~$60~~$59 million) issued by Ambac Assurance that are eliminated in consolidation.

(2)

Includes accruals for tolling payments from Ambac Assurance in accordance with the Amended Tax Sharing Agreement ~~($44 million), expense sharing receivables from AAC ($4 million), which was received in April 2019, investment income due and accrued and other receivables and a receivable~~ of ~~$16 million in connection with~~$28 million. Refer to Note 10. Income Taxes for discussion over the ~~sale~~timing of ~~Ambac's ownership of AMPS issued by Ambac Assurance that settled in April 2019.~~collection.

As a result of a taxable loss at Ambac Assurance in the first quarter of 2019, Ambac has not accrued any additional tax tolling payments. There are no assurances that Ambac Assurance will be able to generate taxable income for 2019 and therefore make future tolling payments to Ambac. Ambac's tax positions are subject to review by the Office of the Commissioner of Insurance for the State of Wisconsin (“OCI”), which may lead to the adoption of positions that reduce the amount of tolling payments otherwise available to Ambac.

Financial Statement Impact of Foreign Currency:

The impact of foreign currency as reported in Ambac's Unaudited Consolidated Statement of Total Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020, included the following:


($ in millions)
Net income ⁽¹⁾	$	2		$	1
Gain (loss) on foreign currency translation	15			(46		)
Unrealized (losses) on non-functional currency available-for-sale securities	(5		)
Unrealized gains (losses) on non-functional currency available-for-sale securities				11
Impact on total comprehensive income (loss)	$	12		$	(34	)

(1)

A portion of Ambac UK's, and to a lesser extent Ambac Assurance's, assets and liabilities are denominated in currencies other than its functional currency and accordingly, we recognized net foreign currency transaction gains/(losses) as a result of changes to foreign currency rates through our Unaudited Consolidated Statement of Total Comprehensive Income (Loss). Refer to Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 in this Form 10-Q for further details on transaction gains and losses.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 452020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Future changes to currency rates may adversely affect our financial results. Refer to Part II, Item 7A in the Company’s Annual Report

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 44~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 for further information on the impact of future currency rate changes on Ambac's financial instruments.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Ambac’s Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), which require the use of material estimates and assumptions. For a discussion of Ambac’s critical accounting policies and estimates, see “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in Ambac’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

FINANCIAL GUARANTEES IN FORCE

Financial guarantee products were sold in three principal markets: U.S. public finance, U.S. structured finance and international finance. The following table provides a breakdown of guaranteed net par outstanding by market at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. Net par exposures within the U.S. public finance market include capital appreciation bonds which are reported at the par amount at the time of issuance of the insurance policy as opposed

to the current accreted value of the bonds. Guaranteed net par outstanding includes the exposures of policies insuring variable interest entities (“VIEs”) consolidated in accordance with the Consolidation Topic of the ASC, Consolidation. Guaranteed net par outstanding excludes the exposures of policies that insure bonds which have been refunded or pre-refunded and excludes exposure of the policy that insures the notes issued by Ambac LSNI as defined in Note 1. Background and Business Description in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018:~~2019:


($ in millions)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Public Finance ^{(1) (2)}	$	21,552	$	23,442	$	17,093	$	17,653
Structured Finance	9,477		9,947		7,139		7,508
International Finance	13,444		13,538		11,954		12,857
Total net par outstanding	$	44,473	$	46,927	$	36,186	$	38,018


(1)	Includes ~~$5,742~~$5,636 and ~~$5,759~~$5,654 of Military Housing net par outstanding at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.


(2)	Includes ~~$1,260~~$1,105 and ~~$1,880~~$1,123 of Puerto Rico net par outstanding at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. Components of Puerto Rico net par outstanding ~~includes~~include capital appreciation bonds which are reported at the par amount at the time of issuance of the related insurance policy as opposed to the current accreted value of the bonds.

~~Total net par outstanding decreased $2,454 million from December 31, 2018.~~

Reductions in public finance net par outstanding included $839 million from calls of insured exposures, $620 million relating to COFINA, $350 million relating to the commutation via refunding of an adversely classified public finance transportation transaction, $25 million relating to a remediation related refunding of a watch list public finance

~~transaction and $411 million from scheduled paydown activity.~~

Reductions in structured finance net par primarily were due to RMBS commutations and paydowns of $260 million and remediation related paydowns or refundings of two watch list asset backed securitizations totaling $95 million.

Decreases in international finance were primarily due to policy runoff including paydowns, including a risk remediation related reduction to an aircraft asset-backed securitization totaling $77 million, partially offset by an increase in foreign exchange rates of $175 million, primarily related to changes in the British Pound.

Although insured net par outstanding has decreased during 2019, the size of the portfolio is significantly greater than the equity of Ambac. Accordingly, financial stress in the insured portfolio could have a material adverse effect on Ambac's financial condition and results of operations.

~~Exposure Currency~~

~~The table below shows the distribution by currency of Ambac Assurance’s insured exposure as of March 31, 2019:~~

Currency
(Amounts in millions)

Net Par Amount
Outstanding in
Base Currency

Net Par Amount
Outstanding in
U.S. Dollars
U.S. Dollars $ 31,497
$ 31,497
British Pounds £ 8,308
10,805
Euros € 1,591
1,784
Australian Dollars A$ 545
387
Total $ 44,473

Ambac discloses its exposures by currency to help interested parties understand its insured book of business. These insured exposures do not represent the cash outflows that may result from such insurance policies.

~~Puerto Rico~~

Ambac has exposure to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (the "Commonwealth") and its instrumentalities across several different issuing entities with total net par exposure of $1.3 billion as of March 31, 2019. Each has its own credit risk profile attributable to, as applicable, discrete revenue sources, direct general obligation pledges and/or general obligation guarantees. Refer to Part II, Item 7 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, for additional information regarding the different issuing entities that encompass Ambac's exposures to Puerto Rico.

~~Financial Developments~~

~~COFINA Debt Restructuring~~

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~~net principal and interest to $1.8 billion of net principal and interest). Subsequent redemptions of obligations of the COFINA Class 2 Trust (as further described in the~~ ~~Financial Guarantees in Force~~ section included in Part II, Item 7 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 2018) brought COFINA net par outstanding down to $185 million as of March 31, 2019. Ambac Assurance's remaining policy obligation of $185 million net par is an asset of the COFINA Class 2 Trust, which also holds a ratable distribution of cash and new COFINA bonds, the interest and principal from which can be used to partially offset Ambac’s remaining insurance liability.

~~At this time, it is unclear what impact the COFINA restructuring will have on the prospective recoveries of Ambac Assurance's other insured Puerto Rico instrumentalities.~~

~~Fiscal Plan~~

On March 28, 2019, the Puerto Rico Fiscal Agency and Financial Advisory Authority (AAFAF) published a revised draft of the Commonwealth Fiscal Plan dated March 27, 2019. The draft is a revised version of the March 10, 2019 Commonwealth Fiscal Plan draft that was subject to a March 15, 2019 notice of violation from the Oversight Board stating that the March 10, 2019 draft required significant revisions. The March 27, 2019 draft Commonwealth Fiscal Plan projects a pre-debt service cash flow surplus of $11.7 billion over the six-year period from fiscal 2019 through fiscal 2024 and an annual pre-debt service deficit starting in fiscal 2035.

As was the case with prior fiscal plans for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the revised draft of the Commonwealth Fiscal Plan lacks a high degree of transparency regarding the underlying data, assumptions and rationales supporting those assumptions, making reconciliation and due diligence difficult. As a result, it is difficult to assess the possible impact that Fiscal Plan changes may have on creditor outcomes or Ambac's financial condition, including liquidity, loss reserves and capital resources.

It is unclear what the final certified Commonwealth Fiscal Plan will project, if there will be subsequent Fiscal Plan revisions and re-certifications by the Oversight Board, and what the related implications may be for Ambac's insured exposures. The Oversight Board has stated it expects to certify the Commonwealth Fiscal Plan on May 9, 2019. Natalie Jaresko, the Oversight Board’s executive director, stated publicly on March 18, 2019, that the Oversight Board intends to seek confirmation of a Commonwealth Plan of Adjustment by the end of 2019.

The Oversight Board expects to certify a new Fiscal Plan for the Puerto Rico Highways and Transportation Authority ("PRHTA") on May 28, 2019. It is unknown if and when a PRHTA Plan of Adjustment will be filed by the Oversight Board or confirmed by the court overseeing the Title III proceedings. It is also unknown if and when other Puerto Rico instrumentalities, which have debt outstanding insured by Ambac Assurance, will be filed under Title III and what effect their Fiscal Plans may have on Ambac's financial position. No assurances can be given that Ambac's financial profile will not suffer a materially negative impact as an ultimate result of the Commonwealth Fiscal Plan or any future changes or revisions to the Commonwealth Fiscal Plan or Fiscal Plans for PRHTA or other Puerto Rico instrumentalities.

~~Commonwealth Liquidity~~

On February, 15, 2019, the Oversight Board filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico to compel the Puerto Rico Senate to provide its bank account balances. On April 4, 2019, the Oversight Board and Puerto Rico Senate President Senator Thomas Rivera-Schatz filed a joint stipulation to dismiss without prejudice the Oversight Board’s suit to compel the Puerto Rico Senate to provide bank account balances and other financial information. According to the stipulation, the Puerto Rico Senate has provided the requested information to the Oversight Board, instructed the applicable financial institutions to provide updates to that information on no less than a monthly basis and agreed to continue providing information regarding restrictions on funds in its bank accounts.

As of the February 28, 2019, bank account report published by AAFAF the balances of bank accounts for various Puerto Rico government entities and instrumentalities totaled $11.8 billion. According to the report, various account balances are considered restricted for different government entities or due to Title III proceedings. However, it is unclear if these restricted designations are inaccurate or outdated since any legal analysis that may have been conducted to determine the restricted or unrestricted nature of funds in non-Treasury Single Account bank accounts has not been made publicly available. Consequently, the purported lack of access to restricted funds could limit the financial flexibility of the Commonwealth and its instrumentalities to provide essential and non-essential services. More generally, the lack of clear, consistent and complete information regarding account balances could further strain debt resolution timelines and potential severities for creditors, including Ambac.

On March 15, 2019, the Oversight Board announced the release of the Duff & Phelps, LLC report on the bank and investment account balances held by 164 Commonwealth entities and instrumentalities but signaled that the comprehensive forensic investigation into the liquidity of the Puerto Rico government would continue. The Oversight Board said the report is one element of the probe into the sources and uses of public funds, and legal restrictions on these funds to protect the ability of the Government to provide public services to the people of Puerto Rico. The report uses labels for summarized bank account information, including "Reconciled" which refers to bank account information which has been reconciled to information received from a financial institution. After reconciling the financial information provided by the Commonwealth and the financial institutions holding the funds, the report found a total 1,159 accounts with a total value of about $10.2 billion belonging to the Commonwealth entities and instrumentalities, as of June 30, 2018. The report said the cash balances were self-reported by the Commonwealth entities as restricted and unrestricted, but this classification continues under analysis. The report states that it does not purport to determine if any of the funds are restricted or contended to be restricted in litigation. The unreconciled cash position totals $11.6 billion, while the reconciled figure totals $10.2 billion, according to the report. The unreconciled unrestricted cash position is $4.8 billion, according to the report, while the reconciled unrestricted cash position is $4.6 billion.

~~As of April 12, 2019, the Treasury Single Account cash position, as reported by the Puerto Rico Treasury Department, was $5.9~~

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 46~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

~~billion and still exceeds the $1.1 billion threshold to access Community Disaster Loan financing.~~

~~Political Developments~~

Increased political uncertainty and unconstructive rhetoric at the federal and local level may have a potential impact on federal support the Commonwealth needs going forward. Gubernatorial mid-term turnover of Puerto Rico agency heads and Governor Rossello’s cabinet Secretaries, now at 40 and counting, is unprecedented. Appointing new or inexperienced government leaders could result in poor public policy or financial management and performance, which may in turn impact creditor outcomes or Ambac's financial condition, including liquidity, loss reserves and capital resources.

In addition, aggressive or accusatory statements made by both Governor Rossello and President Trump have contributed to a U.S. Congressional impasse over a broad disaster-aid package that has been held up by a partisan feud over including hurricane-recovery funding for Puerto Rico. Republicans and Democrats have failed to reach a resolution on the multi-billion dollar legislation, which would provide money for recovery in areas across the U.S. hit by hurricanes, wildfires, floods, and other natural disasters. Republicans and President Trump have repeatedly rebuffed Democratic efforts to include additional funding for Puerto Rico. At issue is whether the Puerto Rico government has properly spent the federal funding it has received in the past. The Trump administration has repeatedly said Puerto Rico does not need additional funds. It is unclear how this issue will be resolved, if and how it may impact or delay distribution of federal aid already authorized and appropriated, and how the current political discord may impact future federal legislation regarding federal funding of Commonwealth needs.

~~Ambac Post-COFINA Title III Litigation Update~~

Ambac Assurance is or was a party to eleven litigations related to its Puerto Rico exposures, and recently filed a notice of participation in a twelfth. Four of these litigations are COFINA-related cases that have been, or will soon be, dismissed by operation of the COFINA Plan of Adjustment (“POA”) that was confirmed on February 4, 2019, and became effective on February 12, 2019. Several parties are presently appealing the confirmation of the POA. A fifth is another COFINA-related case that had been stayed pending resolution of an interpleader action related to COFINA funds, but which will be permitted to proceed by operation of the POA now that the interpleader action has been resolved. The three remaining active litigations are an appeal relating to the Puerto Rico Highways and Transportation Authority pending before the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit; an adversary proceeding relating to the Puerto Rico Public Buildings Authority pending before the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico; and an omnibus claim objection to claims premised on certain Commonwealth general obligation bonds, also pending before the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico. The remainder of these litigations are stayed under Title III of PROMESA. Ambac is unable to predict when and how the issues raised in these cases (other than those already dismissed by operation of the POA) will be resolved. If Ambac Assurance is unsuccessful in any of these proceedings, Ambac’s financial condition, including liquidity, loss reserves and capital resources may suffer a material negative impact.

~~Refer to Note 16. Commitments and Contingencies to~~ ~~the Co~~nsolidated Financial Statements, included in Part II, Item 8 in this Form 10-K and Note 12. Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part I, Item 1 in this Form 10-Q for further information about Ambac's litigation relating to Puerto Rico.

~~Other Legal Developments~~

On December 21, 2018, the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico (the “Oversight Board”) and the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors of All Title III Debtors (Other than COFINA) (the “Committee”) filed an adversary proceeding in the Commonwealth’s Title III case alleging that the leases securing the bonds issued by the Puerto Rico Public Buildings Authority (“PBA”) are “disguised financings,” not true leases, and therefore should not be afforded administrative expense priority under the Bankruptcy Code. On March 12, 2019, Ambac Assurance (among others) was permitted to intervene in the adversary proceeding to defend its interests as a holder and insurer of PBA bonds.

On January 15, 2019, the Oversight Board and the Committee filed an omnibus claim objection in the Commonwealth’s Title III case challenging claims arising from certain general obligation bonds issued by the Commonwealth in 2012 and 2014 totaling approximately $6 billion, none of which are held or insured by Ambac Assurance. The court subsequently ordered certain consolidated procedures permitting parties in interest an opportunity to participate in litigation of the objection. On April 11, 2019, Ambac Assurance filed a notice of participation in support of the objection.

On February 15, 2019, the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit issued an opinion in the consolidated appeals brought by certain parties who argued that the members of the Oversight Board were appointed in violation of the U.S. Constitution’s Appointments Clause. The First Circuit ruled that the Oversight Board members (other than the ex-officio Member) must be, and were not, appointed in compliance with the Appointments Clause. The First Circuit declined to dismiss the Oversight Board’s Title III petitions and did not render ineffective any otherwise valid actions of the Oversight Board prior to the issuance of the ruling. The First Circuit stated that the ruling will not take effect for 90 days, “so as to allow the President and the Senate to validate the currently defective appointments or reconstitute the Board in accordance with the Appointments Clause." The First Circuit held that during the 90-day stay period, the Oversight Board may continue to operate as it had prior to the ruling. The First Circuit subsequently extended the stay period by an additional 60 days, until July 15, 2019. On April 23, 2019, the Oversight Board filed a petition for certiorari in the United States Supreme Court, and has sought to stay the effectiveness of the First Circuit’s ruling until the Supreme Court proceedings have concluded. It is unclear how this ruling will impact the restructuring process, mediation discussions and relevant litigation with respect to Ambac's Puerto Rico exposures.

On March 26, 2019, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, affirming a decision by the U.S. District Court overseeing the PROMESA Title III proceedings for the PRHTA, found that under Sections 928(a) and 922(d) of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, municipal issuers of revenue bonds secured by special revenues

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 47~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

are permitted, but not required, to apply special revenues to pay debt service on such revenue bonds during the pendency of bankruptcy proceedings for such municipal issuers. The complainants had sought an order compelling PRHTA, as the debtor, to continue to make debt service payments on its revenue bonds from pledged special revenues during the pendency of its Title III case, but the First Circuit affirmed the District Court’s dismissal of the complaint, holding that it could not compel the issuer to make such payments. The First Circuit has not yet ruled on Ambac’s appeal involving similar issues. It is unclear how this ruling may ultimately impact Ambac's revenue bond municipal exposures, inclusive of Puerto Rico.

~~Summary~~

Ambac has considered these developments and other factors in evaluating its Puerto Rico loss reserves. During the quarter ended March 31, 2019, Ambac had incurred losses associated with its Domestic Public Finance insured portfolio of $69 million, which was impacted by the continued uncertainty and volatility of the situation in Puerto Rico. While management believes its reserves are adequate to cover losses in its Public Finance insured portfolio, there can be no assurance that Ambac may not incur additional losses in the future, particularly given the developing economic, political, and legal circumstances in Puerto Rico. Such additional losses may have a material adverse effect on Ambac’s results of operations and financial condition.

~~Ballantyne Re Plc~~

On April 10, 2019, Ambac UK entered into a lock-up agreement with Ballantyne Re plc ("Ballantyne"), Assured Guaranty Europe plc and Assured Guaranty Corp., certain Ballantyne Class A Noteholders, Security Life of Denver Insurance Company ("SLD") and Swiss Re Life and Health America Inc. ("SRLHA") in connection with a proposed restructuring transaction in respect of Ballantyne’s obligations under its Class A-1 Notes, Class A-2a Notes, Class A-2b Notes, Class A-3a Notes, Class A-3b Notes,

Class A-3c Notes and Class A-3d Notes (together, the "Scheme Notes") (the "Restructuring"). The Class A-2a Notes, the Class A-3a Notes, the Class A-3b Notes, the Class A-3c Notes and the Class A-3d Notes have a guarantee from Ambac UK (the "Ambac UK Guaranteed Notes").

~~The key features of the Restructuring are as follows:~~

~~the novation of the indemnity reinsurance agreement between Ballantyne and SLD dated November 19, 2008 (as amended) to SRLHA (the "Novation");~~

the disbursement of the assets from Ballantyne's reinsurance trust account to effectuate the Novation and make payment to the holders of Scheme Notes in full and final satisfaction of their claims against Ballantyne; and

~~the commutation of the obligations of Ambac UK in respect of the Ambac UK Guaranteed Notes.~~

The Restructuring is proposed to be implemented through an Irish scheme of arrangement (the "Scheme") under Part 9 of the Irish Companies Act 2014, requiring the consent of the requisite majorities of the relevant Class A Noteholders at each Scheme meeting. There can be no assurance that the Scheme will be approved or the Restructuring will be implemented on the terms proposed or at all.

~~If the Scheme is approved and following implementation of the Restructuring, it is intended that Ballantyne will be wound-up by way of a solvent liquidation.~~

In the event of the successful implementation of the Restructuring, Ambac UK would cease to have exposure with respect to the obligations of Ballantyne. Consummation of the Restructuring would result in a significant reduction to Ambac UK's loss and loss expense reserves which would positively impact Ambac's future earnings.

~~Exposure Concentrations within each Market~~

The table below shows Ambac’s ten largest ~~U.S. public finance~~insured exposures, by repayment source, as a percentage of total financial guarantee net par outstanding at March 31, ~~2019:~~2020:

($ in millions) Bond Type
Ambac
Ratings ⁽¹⁾

Net Par
Outstanding ⁽²⁾

% of Total
Net Par
Outstanding
New Jersey Transportation Trust Fund Authority - Transportation System Lease and Tax-backed Revenue BBB+ $ 783
1.8 %
Massachusetts Commonwealth - GO General Obligation AA 586
1.3 %
Mets Queens Baseball Stadium Project, NY, Lease Revenue Stadium BBB 549
1.2 %
Hickam Community Housing LLC Housing Revenue BBB 468
1.1 %
Bragg Communities, LLC Housing Revenue A- 420
0.9 %
Puerto Rico Highways & Transportation Authority, Transportation Revenue Lease and Tax-backed Revenue BIG 414
0.9 %
Puerto Rico Infrastructure Financing Authority, Special Tax Revenue Lease and Tax-backed Revenue BIG 403
0.9 %
New Jersey Economic Development Authority - School Facilities Construction Lease and Tax-backed Revenue BBB+ 400
0.9 %
Monterey Bay, CA - Military Housing Housing Revenue BBB+ 327
0.7 %
Fort Bliss/White Sand Missile Range Housing LP Housing Revenue BBB+ 309
0.7 %
Total $ 4,659
10.5 %

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 48~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

($ in millions)

Risk Name

Country-Bond Type

Ambac

Ratings ⁽¹⁾

Net Par
Outstanding ⁽²⁾

% of Total

Net Par

Outstanding

AUK

Mitchells & Butlers Finance plc-UK Pub Securitisation

UK-Asset Securitizations

BBB

957

2.6

AUK

Capital Hospitals plc ⁽³⁾

UK-Infrastructure

A-

830

2.3

AUK

Aspire Defence Finance plc

UK-Infrastructure

A-

802

2.2

AAC

New Jersey Transportation Trust Fund Authority - Transportation System

US-Lease and Tax-backed Revenue

BBB-

778

2.2

AUK

Anglian Water

UK-Utility

A-

772

2.1

AUK

National Grid Gas

UK-Utility

A-

713

2.0

AUK

Posillipo Finance II S.r.l

Italy-Sub-Sovereign

BIG

698

1.9

AUK

Ostregion Investmentgesellschaft NR 1 SA ⁽³⁾

Austria-Infrastructure

BIG

662

1.8

AAC

Mets Queens Baseball Stadium Project, NY, Lease Revenue

US-Stadium Financing

BBB-

540

1.5

AUK

RMPA Services plc

UK-Infrastructure

BBB+

531

1.5

Total

7,283

20.1

PF = Public Finance, SF = Structured Finance, IF = International Finance

AAC = Ambac Assurance, AUK = Ambac UK

(1)

Internal credit ratings are provided solely to indicate the underlying credit quality of guaranteed obligations based on the view of ~~Ambac Assurance.~~Ambac. In cases where Ambac ~~Assurance~~ has insured multiple tranches of an issue with varying internal ratings, or more than one obligation of an issuer with varying internal ratings, a weighted average rating is used. Ambac ~~Assurance~~ credit ratings are subject to revision at any time and do not constitute investment advice. BIG denotes credits deemed below investment grade.


(2)	Net Par includes capital appreciation bonds, which are reported at the par amount at the time of issuance of the insurance policy as opposed to the current accreted value of the bonds.

Net par related to the top ten U.S. public finance exposures reduced $530 million from December 31, 2018. Changes in these exposure amounts will occur due to scheduled paydowns, calls and refundings executed during the period. During 2019, due to deal restructurings and commutations, Puerto Rico Sales Tax Financing Corporation Senior Sales Tax Revenue (COFINA) and Massachusetts Port Authority Special Facility Revenue Bonds, respectively, were removed from the top ten largest U.S. public finance exposures offset by the addition of Monterey Bay, CA - Military Housing and Fort Bliss/White Sand Missile Range Housing LP.

~~The table below shows Ambac’s ten largest structured finance transactions, as a percentage of total financial guarantee net par outstanding at March 31, 2019:~~

($ in millions) Bond Type
Ambac
Rating⁽¹⁾

Net Par
Outstanding

% of Total
Net Par
Outstanding
Ballantyne Re Plc ⁽²⁾
Structured Insurance BIG $ 900
2.0 %
Timberlake Financial, LLC Structured Insurance BBB 458
1.0 %
Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc. Investor Owned Utility A- 450
1.0 %
Wachovia Asset Securitization Issuance II, LLC 2007-HE2 Mortgage Backed Securities BBB 440
1.0 %
Wachovia Asset Securitization Issuance II, LLC 2007-HE1 Mortgage Backed Securities BBB 304
0.7 %
Option One Mortgage Loan Trust 2007-FXD1 Mortgage Backed Securities BIG 231
0.5 %
Terwin Mortgage Trust Asset-Backed Certificates, Series 2006-6 Mortgage Backed Securities BIG 212
0.5 %
Impac CMB Trust Series 2005-7 Mortgage Backed Securities BIG 197
0.4 %
Countrywide Asset-Backed Certificates Trust 2005-16 Mortgage Backed Securities BIG 192
0.4 %
Ownit Mortgage Trust 2006-OT1 Mortgage Backed Securities BIG 182
0.4 %
Total $ 3,566
8.0 %

~~(1)~~

Internal credit ratings are provided solely to indicate the underlying credit quality of guaranteed obligations based on the view of Ambac Assurance, and for Ambac UK related transactions, based on the view of Ambac UK. In cases where Ambac Assurance or Ambac UK has insured multiple tranches of an issue with varying internal ratings, or more than one obligation of an issuer with varying internal ratings, a weighted average rating is used. Ambac Assurance and Ambac UK credit ratings are subject to revision at any time and do not constitute investment advice. BIG denotes credits deemed below investment grade.


~~(2)~~	~~Insurance policy issued by Ambac UK.~~

Net par related to the top ten U.S. structured finance exposures reduced $57 million from December 31, 2018. The change in top U.S. structured finance exposures primarily relates to paydowns of RMBS during the three months ended March 31, 2019. During 2019 there was no change in the listing of exposures included within the top ten largest U.S. structured finance exposures.

The table below shows our ten largest international finance transactions as a percentage of total financial guarantee net par outstanding at March 31, 2019. Except where noted, all international finance transactions included in the table below are insured by Ambac UK:

($ in millions) Country-Bond Type
Ambac
Rating⁽¹⁾

Net Par
Outstanding

% of Total
Net Par
Outstanding
Mitchells & Butlers Finance plc-UK Pub Securitisation UK-Asset Securitizations A+ $ 1,340
3.0 %
Capital Hospitals plc ⁽²⁾
UK-Infrastructure A- 876
2.0 %
Aspire Defence Finance plc UK-Infrastructure BBB+ 861
1.9 %
Anglian Water UK-Utility A- 788
1.8 %
Posillipo Finance II S.r.l Italy-Sub-Sovereign BBB- 737
1.7 %
National Grid Gas UK-Utility A- 728
1.6 %
Ostregion Investmentgesellschaft NR 1 SA ⁽²⁾
Austria-Infrastructure BIG 697
1.6 %
RMPA Services plc UK-Infrastructure BBB+ 573
1.3 %
Catalyst Healthcare (Manchester) Financing plc ⁽²⁾
UK-Infrastructure BBB- 525
1.2 %
National Grid Electricity Transmission UK-Utility A- 490
1.1 %
Total $ 7,615
17.1 %

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 49~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

~~(1)~~


~~(2)~~(3)	A portion of this transaction is insured by an insurance policy issued by Ambac Assurance. Ambac Assurance has issued policies for these transactions that will only pay in the event that Ambac UK does not pay under its insurance policies ("second to pay policies").

Net par related to the top ten ~~international finance~~ exposures ~~increased $29~~reduced $357 million from December 31, ~~2018. International exposures~~2019. Exposures are impacted by changes in foreign exchange rates, certain indexation rates and scheduled and unscheduled paydowns. ~~During~~The decrease from 2019 ~~there~~ was ~~no change in the listing of exposures included within the top ten largest international exposures.~~primarily related to foreign exchange

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 462020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

and scheduled paydowns. The concentration of net par amongst the top ~~categories noted above~~ten (as a percentage of net par outstanding) ~~has increased~~remains at 20% at March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, however certain credits within the top ten have had Ambac rating downgrades since December 31, ~~2018 for both structured finance~~2019, primarily related to the impact of COVID-19, including Mitchells & Butlers Finance plc, New Jersey Transportation Trust Fund Authority and ~~international exposures and decreased~~Mets Queens Baseball Stadium Project. Aspire Defence Finance plc's rating at March 31, 2020, improved since December 31, ~~2018 for public finance exposures.~~ 2019. The remaining insured portfolio of financial guarantees has an average net par outstanding of $31 million per single risk, with insured exposures ranging up to $493 million and a median net par outstanding of $5 million.

Given that Ambac has not written any new insurance policies since 2008, the risk exists that the insured portfolio becomes increasingly concentrated to large and/or below investment grade exposures.

COVID-19

COVID-19 and the public health responses by the US federal and state governments have shut down significant portions of the US economy, including areas that Ambac's insured obligors rely upon to generate the revenues and cash flows necessary to service debts we insure. Governments outside the US, in markets in which Ambac operates, have implemented similar measures to the US. Ambac has undertaken a detailed analysis of the potential impact of the closure of certain portions of the US economy as well as certain other economies, including the UK, Italy, and Australia, to assess the impact of the current global recession on its insured financial guarantee portfolio. The duration and depth of the recession; actions such as monetary policy and fiscal stimulus, including the CARES Act in the US that was signed into law on March 27, 2020, and future fiscal stimulus programs; and our insured obligors' financial flexibility and ability to mitigate the operational and economic impact of the recession will determine the ultimate impact to Ambac's insured portfolio.

CARES Act and Other Relief Measures:

The $2.2 trillion Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act") provides relief and stimulus funds for American consumers, businesses and industries impacted by COVID-19.

The CARES Act has several measures that impacted US municipalities and other borrowers, including consumers, such as mortgage and student loan borrowers, represented in our insured portfolio, including:

$500 billion for direct lending, loans, loan guarantees and investments to eligible businesses, states and municipalities, including $25 billion dedicated to passenger airlines and $4 billion dedicated to cargo airlines;

$659 billion for small business loans (Paycheck Protection Program, as amended by the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act (“PPP & HCE Act”));

$150 billion allocation of direct aid to state and local governments to reimburse them for the costs of dealing with COVID-19;

$175 billion to the Public Health and Social Services Fund for distribution of grants to healthcare providers and hospitals (as amended by the PPP & HCE Act);

$25 billion of grants for transit agencies;

$10 billion of grants for airport authorities; and

direct payments to households and for unemployment insurance, estimated to cost $560 billion.

Despite the above provisions, which are designed to help mitigate the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic generally, the CARES Act contains certain provisions that may adversely affect Ambac.

The CARES Act temporarily suspended payments on all student loans held by the Department of Education through September 30, 2020. Although it is unclear what impact this CARES Act provision will have on the private student loans owned by special purpose entities that have their securitized obligations guaranteed by Ambac Assurance, we have incorporated into our loss reserves analysis assumptions related to increased delinquencies for borrowers with private student loans who often also have federal student loans and may elect not to pay altogether. Despite the assumed increase in delinquencies and losses related to this potential phenomena as well as the general deterioration in consumer credit related to the economic downturn, Ambac Assurance does not anticipate making substantial claim payments on insured student loan transactions for several years due to the structures governing the insured bonds.

Additionally, the federal government has provided temporary relief measures to which servicers of mortgage loans must adhere. The Federal Housing Administration ("FHA") of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Federal Housing Finance Agency ("FHFA") are providing temporary relief measures that require mortgage loan servicers to offer relief to borrowers who suffer hardship as a result of COVID-19. The relief measures announced include a 60-day moratorium on foreclosures and evictions and the expansion of forbearance and repayment options. Such servicers are generally applying these guidelines to non-FHFA loans, including those loans owned by special purpose entities that have their securitized obligations guaranteed by Ambac Assurance. Moreover, several State agencies have issued similar guidance to mortgage loan servicers concerning loan forbearances and other relief for borrowers. Depending on the severity and length of the economic downturn, there may be increasing pressure to extend the duration of forbearances and subsequently to offer generous repayment plans. While the impact of these and other forbearance measures on Ambac Assurance's insured RMBS obligations are unclear, we have assumed that such measures, as well as the economic impact of the global recession, will have an adverse impact on delinquencies and home price appreciation for the mortgages that underlie our insured RMBS transactions. Consequently, we have anticipated that we will experience an increase in claim payments for certain of our insured RMBS obligations. However, we also anticipate that the significant decline in interest rates experienced during the first quarter of 2020 will likely generate additional excess spread recoveries on insured RMBS obligations that will likely more than compensate for such adverse effects.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 472020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

In addition to, as well as in connection with the CARES Act, the Federal Reserve has implemented a number of programs to improve liquidity and the functioning of the financial markets in an effort to help mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on financial markets and the macro economy as well as certain displaced sectors of the economy, including those in which Ambac operates, including, but not limited to:

$500 billion for the Municipal Liquidity Facility;

$750 billion for the Primary Market Corporate Credit Facility and Secondary Market Corporate Credit Facility; and

The Money Market Mutual Fund Liquidity Facility.

In the UK, on March 20, 2020, the government announced the closure of all non-essential leisure, food and retail operations, including public houses. This closure remains in place with the date at which such operations may be permitted to reopen being uncertain. The UK Government also announced a number of measures to mitigate the impact of these enforced closures including rebating employers 80% of staff salaries (up to a £2,500 per month per employee cap), tax deferrals, business loan schemes and property tax relief.

While Ambac expects the foregoing measures to help mitigate economic damage and aid the functioning of the capital markets, Ambac's exposure to credit risk as a result of the economic fallout from the COIVD-19 pandemic remains elevated, and we could experience material losses that would adversely impact our future results of operations and financial condition.

Insured Portfolio:

Ambac established a set of base case assumptions that includes a deep recession during the first half of 2020 with a modest recovery in the second half of 2020, including the loosening of business and travel restrictions. We expect that US states and municipalities will face significant budget deficits as a result of COVID-19 related costs and lower (and delayed) income, sales and other taxes. We expect that monetary policy and federal stimulus through the CARES Act and other programs will help moderate the depth of the recession and therefore the impact on Ambac's insured portfolio.

As part of the detailed analysis of the insured portfolio, we have identified certain Public Finance sectors that are most susceptible to potential claims or impairments as a result of a prolonged recession caused by COVID-19. Our near-term concerns are concentrated on exposures substantially reliant on narrow, economically sensitive revenue streams. The ability of issuers of these obligations to pay is expected to be impaired although several issuers expressed a willingness to use their balance sheets to support their obligations and avoid defaults in the near-term. Ambac's insured par outstanding, net of reinsurance ("NPO"), to these Public Finance sectors are as follows:



($ in millions) Market / Sector	Total NPO		Total Debt Service Due Next Twelve Months
Hotels / Convention Centers	$	258	$	36.7
Stadiums	635		41.7
Airports	124		22.4
Dedicated Tax	622		290.1
Higher Education Auxiliary	252		27.0
Rail / Mass Transit	329		30.2
Toll Roads / Bridges	502		37.6
Total Public Finance	$	2,722	$	485.7

The RMBS and student loan insured portfolios are expected to be adversely impacted by the previously mentioned forbearances and the general economic downturn. Offsetting such impact for RMBS exposures is the benefit to excess spread within the securitization structures as a result of the significant reduction in interest rates, which will result in higher recoveries.

Ambac insured exposure includes a number of international policies where the revenue of the issuer is demand dependent. Such transactions have been impacted by the reduction of revenue due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Ambac and its advisors are working closely with impacted issuers to review their plans and liquidity facilities in light of these events. Ambac's NPO with respect to these demand dependent policies are as follows:



($ in millions) Market / Sector	Total NPO		Total Debt Service Due for Twelve Months
Stadiums	$	204	$	23.7
Higher Education	162		8.7
Airports	171		5.4
Asset Securitizations	957		78.5
Toll Roads / Bridges	717		56.2
Total	$	2,211	$	172.5

At this time, there are significant uncertainties surrounding the ultimate number of claims and scope of damage resulting from this pandemic. Actual losses from these events may vary materially from Ambac's loss and loss expense reserves due to several factors, including the inherent uncertainties in making such determinations and the evolving nature of this pandemic. Potential losses from the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic could be material and therefore may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Puerto Rico

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 482020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Fiscal Plans

On May 9, 2019, the Oversight Board certified its own version of a new Commonwealth Fiscal Plan. In this current Commonwealth Fiscal Plan, the annual Commonwealth budget surpluses are lower in the short term but larger in the long term than the previous plan because of a longer than previously expected roll-out of federal disaster spending. The surplus through fiscal 2024 is just under $14 billion, whereas the previous plan was almost $18 billion. The current plan projects a 30-year surplus of $19.7 billion, but $5.4 billion of that money may not be available to the Commonwealth because it is being generated by public corporations.

On May 3, 2020, the Government of Puerto Rico submitted a draft revised Commonwealth Fiscal Plan to the Oversight Board. The Government’s draft revised Commonwealth Fiscal Plan purports to incorporate the impact of COVID-19 on the Commonwealth economy, and projects diminished growth, surplus, and debt capacity as compared to previous Fiscal Plans. The draft revised Commonwealth Fiscal Plan also states that the Oversight Board’s current Plan of Adjustment is likely not feasible given the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Oversight Board has not certified the Government of Puerto Rico’s draft revised Fiscal Plan, and may modify the draft revised Commonwealth Fiscal Plan significantly before certifying a revised fiscal plan. The Oversight Board has stated that it hopes to certify a revised Commonwealth Fiscal Plan by the end of May 2020. The Oversight Board’s certified Fiscal Plan could be significantly different than either the current Commonwealth Fiscal Plan or the Government of Puerto Rico’s draft revised Commonwealth Fiscal Plan.

On June 5, 2019, the Oversight Board certified its own version of the Fiscal Plan for the Puerto Rico Highways and Transportation Authority ("PRHTA"). Without considering PRHTA Fiscal Plan measures, the PRHTA’s total financial surplus over the six-year plan period is projected to be $31 million. However, after taking into account the measures set forth in the PRHTA Fiscal Plan, the Oversight Board states that the cumulative surplus over that six-year period would grow to $493 million.

It is unknown if and when a PRHTA Plan of Adjustment will be filed by the Oversight Board or confirmed by the court overseeing the Title III proceedings of PRHTA. It is also unknown if and when other Puerto Rico instrumentalities, which have debt outstanding insured by Ambac Assurance, will be filed under Title III and what effect their fiscal plans and/or plans of adjustment may have on Ambac's financial position.

The Oversight Board will determine, in its sole discretion, when to certify the updated fiscal plans given the uncertainty of the current situation. Moreover, the schedule for development and certification of other instrumentalities’ fiscal plans could be adjusted as well.

No assurances can be given that Ambac's financial condition will not suffer a materially negative impact as an ultimate result of the Commonwealth Fiscal Plan, the Commonwealth Plan of Adjustment, or any future changes or revisions to Commonwealth fiscal plans or future fiscal plans and/or plans of adjustment for PRHTA or other Puerto Rico instrumentalities.

Commonwealth Plan of Adjustment

On February 9, 2020, the Oversight Board announced it reached an agreement in principle ("Plan Support Agreement") with certain creditors supporting the restructuring of the Commonwealth's General Obligation and PBA debt, and intended to file an amended plan of adjustment ("Amended POA") reflecting the terms of this agreement.

On February 28, 2020, the Oversight Board filed an amended disclosure statement and Amended POA to restructure $35 billion of debt and other claims against the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, PBA, and ERS, as well as more than $50 billion in pension liabilities. The Amended POA would reduce Commonwealth debt and other claims from $35 billion to less than $11 billion, a 70% cut. The Amended POA would reduce the Commonwealth’s annual debt service by 56%. Treatment for pension claims is the same as contained in the Initial POA, which is a reduction in pension payments by as much as 8.5% for retirees who currently receive at least $1,200 a month, such that 60% of retirees would not face any cuts, and the establishment of a pension reserve fund to help support retirement payments in future years.

On March 21, 2020, the Oversight Board announced that in light of the developing COVID-19 crisis it was shifting its efforts to assisting the government of Puerto Rico in preparing to face the crisis. As part of this shift, the Oversight Board presented a motion in court to adjourn consideration of the Amended POA's disclosure hearing, originally scheduled for June 2020, until further notice. On May 1, 2020, the Oversight Board filed a status report before the court indicating that it was not yet prepared to propose a revised timeline for hearings related to the Amended POA or the disclosure statement related thereto. The Oversight Board is scheduled to file a status report on July 15, 2020, at which time the Oversight Board has indicated it will propose a timeline for such hearings.

In a radio interview on March 24, 2020, Oversight Board Chairman Jose Carrion stated that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a material impact on Commonwealth finances and that the Oversight Board is reviewing the Commonwealth Plan of Adjustment, including the size of the proposed reduction in Commonwealth debt and proposed cuts to pensions. Carrion went on to say he does not see the Commonwealth Plan of Adjustment moving forward as currently structured. It is unclear at this time how much timelines for the POA process may shift as a result of the COVID-19 crisis.

The Amended POA, as is, disproportionately disadvantages claims against the Commonwealth related to certain revenue bonds issued by Puerto Rico instrumentalities, including those insured by Ambac Assurance. The Amended POA provides for estimated recovery of 3.9% on claims against the Commonwealth related to PRHTA bonds, Puerto Rico Infrastructure Financing Authority (PRIFA) Special Tax Revenue (Rum Tax) bonds, and Puerto Rico Convention Center District Authority (PRCCDA) bonds. It is unknown if and how the Amended POA may be modified or what the final adjustments will be to the revenues available to the Puerto Rico instrumentalities addressed in the Amended POA or the recoveries on claims against the Commonwealth by creditors of those instrumentalities, including Ambac and Ambac-insured bondholders. However, if the Amended POA were confirmed in its current form, Ambac's financial condition would suffer a material negative impact. Refer to Note 6. Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 492020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Statements included in Part I, Item 1 in this Form 10-Q for the possible increase in loss reserves under stress or other adverse conditions, including the impact of the Amended POA. There can be no assurance that losses may not exceed such estimates.

Mediation

The status, timing and subject of any subsequent or future mediation discussion has not yet been publicly disclosed. No assurances can be given that negotiations will be successfully concluded, that Commonwealth, Oversight Board and creditor parties will reach definitive agreements on debt restructurings, that any additional negotiated transaction, debt restructuring, definitive agreement or Plan of Adjustment will be approved by the court and completed, or that any transaction or Plan of Adjustment will not have an adverse impact on Ambac's financial conditions or results.

Federal Aid

The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is projected to benefit from over $48 billion of federal disaster aid for infrastructure improvement initiatives or recovery efforts, as a result of the damage cause by hurricanes Irma and Maria as well as the earthquakes that began in late December 2019. To date, only about $15 billion has been disbursed. More than $20 billion of Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) was appropriated by Congress for Puerto Rico for reconstruction following Hurricane Maria, but very little has yet been drawn down. The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), which administers the CDBG program, has approved release of a second tranche of CDBG funds totaling $8.2 billion, which brings the total amount available for drawdown to nearly $10 billion (an additional roughly $10 billion has not yet been approved by HUD for release).

In order to ensure federal taxpayer dollars are spent effectively and efficiently, HUD has conditioned release of the $8.2 billion on various requirements that Puerto Rico must meet. Governor Wanda Vasquez has agreed to these requirements, which includes a prohibition on any of the funds from being used to rebuild the electric grid until (and unless) HUD publishes additional requirements on such spending; overturns an executive order establishing a $15 minimum wage for government construction projects using CDBG; requires greater Puerto Rico to provide greater transparency and implement enhanced financial controls; and requires CDFBG spending plans to be submitted to the Oversight Board for determination that they are in accordance with its certified budgets and fiscal plans. Consequently, it is anticipated that drawdown of funds will begin soon. HUD has also appointed a federal monitor to oversee use of CDBG funds.

The Oversight Board states, on their COVID-19 webpage, that Puerto Rico residents, businesses, and government appear to be eligible for approximately $10 billion in federal aid under the CARES Act. On April 22, 2020, the Government of Puerto Rico announced that they had received $2.2 billion in direct aid provided by the CARES Act for the territories, for necessary COVID-19 related expenditures and costs not previously budgeted for. In addition, all U.S. citizens and residents (including in Puerto Rico) will receive one-time cash payments of $1,200 for single taxpayers, $2,400 for married filers and $500 for each child, with payments gradually phasing out for individuals who earn between $75,000 and $99,000 per year (or $150,000 and $198,000 for married filers).

The Government of Puerto Rico's initial estimate is that eligible residents of Puerto Rico will receive a total aggregate amount of $1.5 billion. Separately, Commonwealth small businesses have received an estimated $757 million in loans under the first portion of the Payroll Protection Fund (PPP) under the CARES Act. Puerto Ricans who are unemployed will also benefit from federal funding in the CARES Act that increases unemployment insurance benefits significantly for several months.

The full extent of federal government support to Puerto Rico is still uncertain as existing federal stimulus has not been fully implemented and additional measures are likely to be enacted. While the previously allocated federal disaster relief funds, Medicaid money, and the more recent COVID-19 crisis related funds are all expected to support economic recovery and growth and in Puerto Rico, there can be no assurances as to the certainty, timing, usage, efficacy or magnitude of benefits to creditor outcomes related to disaster aid and ensuing economic growth, if any.

Summary

Ambac has considered these developments and other factors in evaluating its Puerto Rico loss reserves. During the quarter ended March 31, 2020, Ambac had incurred losses associated with its Domestic Public Finance insured portfolio of $178 million, which was impacted by lower discount rates as well as the continued uncertainty and volatility of the situation in Puerto Rico, including the potential impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the Commonwealth and the developing potential impact of the COVID-19 crisis on other sectors in the Domestic Public Finance insured portfolio. While management believes its reserves are adequate to cover losses in its Public Finance insured portfolio, there can be no assurance that Ambac may not incur additional losses in the future, particularly given the developing economic, political, and legal circumstances in Puerto Rico and the overall uncertain impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the Commonwealth and the Domestic Public Finance Insured Portfolio in general. Such additional losses may have a material adverse effect on Ambac’s results of operations and financial condition.

Exposure Currency

The table below shows the distribution by currency of Ambac Assurance’s insured exposure as of March 31, 2020:



Currency (Amounts in millions)	Net Par Amount Outstanding in Base Currency		Net Par Amount Outstanding in U.S. Dollars
U.S. Dollars	$	24,621	$	24,621
British Pounds	£	7,665	9,530
Euros	€	1,543	1,700
Australian Dollars	A$	545	335
Total			$	36,186

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 50 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Ratings Distribution

The following ~~tables~~charts provide a rating distribution of net par outstanding based upon internal Ambac credit ratings⁽¹⁾ and a distribution by bond type of Ambac's below investment grade ("BIG") net par exposures at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018. Below investment grade~~2019. BIG is defined as those exposures with an Ambac internal credit rating below BBB-:

Note: AAA is less than 1% in both periods.

(1)

Internal credit ratings are provided solely to indicate the underlying credit quality of guaranteed obligations based on the view of Ambac. In cases where Ambac ~~Assurance, and for~~has insured multiple tranches of an issue with varying internal ratings, or more than one obligation of an issuer with varying internal ratings, a weighted average rating is used. Ambac ~~UK related transactions, based on the view of Ambac UK. Ambac Assurance and Ambac UK~~ credit ratings are subject to revision at any time and do not constitute investment advice.


	Net Par Outstanding				Net Par Outstanding
Summary of Below Investment Grade Exposure ($ in millions)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Public Finance:
Lease and tax-backed ⁽¹⁾	$	1,399	$	2,025	$	1,236	$	1,109
General obligation ⁽¹⁾	430		434		354		525
Housing ⁽²⁾	192		314		310		311
Transportation	27		378		27		27
Health care	25		25
Other	142		146		42		42
Total Public Finance	2,215		3,322		1,969		2,014
Structured Finance:
RMBS	4,028		4,205		3,204		3,362
Structured Insurance	900		900
Student loans	689		714		592		620
Other	36		53		21		33
Total Structured Finance	5,653		5,872		3,817		4,015
International Finance:
Other	825		924		1,477		1,455
Total International Finance	825		924		1,477		1,455
Total	$	8,693	$	10,118	$	7,263	$	7,484

(1)

Lease and tax-backed revenue includes ~~$1,116~~$996 and ~~$1,735~~$1,014 of Puerto Rico net par at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. General obligation includes ~~$145~~$109 and ~~$145~~$109 of Puerto Rico net par at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. Components of Puerto Rico net par outstanding includes capital appreciation bonds which are reported at the par amount at the time of issuance of the related insurance policy as opposed to the current accreted value of the bonds.


(2)	Relates to military housing net par.

The decrease in below investment grade exposures is primarily due to ~~(i)~~ the commutation ~~or restructuring~~of certain general obligation exposures and the impact of foreign exchange rates resulting from the strengthening of the US Dollar, partially offset by the addition of certain lease and ~~tax-backed~~tax-baked exposures and ~~transportation transactions (including~~an international structured finance exposure driven by the ~~COFINA commutation), (ii) upgrades of certain military housing exposure and (iii) paydowns or calls by issuers, mostly related to residential mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities.~~COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the decrease in below investment grade exposures, such exposures could increase as a relative proportion of the guarantee portfolio given that stressed borrowers generally have less ability to prepay or refinance their debt. Accordingly, due to these and other factors, it is not unreasonable to expect the proportion of below investment grade exposure in the guarantee portfolio to increase in the future.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net loss attributable to common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020, was ~~$(43)~~$280 million compared to a net ~~income~~loss attributable to common stockholders of ~~$306~~$43 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018.~~2019. The decrease was primarily driven byby: (i) net losses ~~and loss expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to a losses and loss expenses benefit in the three months ended March 31, 2018,~~on investments, (ii) ~~lower net investment income, (iii)~~larger net losses on derivative contracts, ~~compared to~~(iii) lower net ~~gains for the three months ended March 31, 2018,~~premiums earned, (iv) lower income on variable interest entities and ~~(iv)~~(v) higher ~~interest expense,~~loss and loss expenses, partially offset by ~~(i) higher net realized investment gains, (ii) higher gains on consolidated VIEs and (iii)~~ lower ~~operating expenses.~~insurance intangible amortization.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 51 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

A summary of our financial results is shown below:


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2019			2018			2020			2019
Revenues:
Net premiums earned	$	28		$	31		$	10		$	28
Net investment income	55			110
Net investment income (loss)							(21		)	55
Net realized investment gains (losses)	17			5			8			17
Net gains (losses) on derivative contracts	(16		)	25			(70		)	(16		)
Net realized gains (losses) on extinguishment of debt	—			3
Income (loss) on variable interest entities	16			1			3			16
Expenses:
Losses and loss expenses (benefit)	12			(247		)	117			12
Insurance intangible amortization	36			29			13			36
Operating expenses	25			36			24			25
Interest expense	68			48			63			68
Provision for income taxes	2			3			(7		)	2
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	(43	)	$	306		$	(280	)	$	(43	)

Ambac's results of operations and financial position have been adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic's effect on the global economy and financial markets. Significant interest rate declines during the first quarter of 2020 drove a net increase to loss reserves and losses on interest rate derivative contracts. Credit driven losses were recognized in both loss incurred (primarily from public finance insurance policies) and losses in counterparty credit adjustments on derivative asset valuations. Financial market disruptions are reflected through lower valuations of certain fixed income securities (recorded through other comprehensive income) and the majority of other investments (recorded through net investment income (loss)). The scope, duration and magnitude of the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 are evolving rapidly and in ways that are difficult or impossible to anticipate. As a result, it is possible that Ambac's results of operations and financial condition may be further adversely affected by the evolving affects of the COVID-19 pandemic. For additional information on the risks posed by COVID-19, refer to “Part II, Item 1A-Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

During 2019, Ambac executed on a number of restructuring / commutation transactions that had significant impacts to the consolidated results of operations. As described further below, the completion of the these transactions, including the related changes to invested assets, loss reserves and debt of the Company, had a significant impact on the comparability of the results of operation for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. The most significant transactions, which are more fully discussed in "Financial Guarantees in Force" in Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in Ambac’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 were:

Puerto Rico COFINA Plan of Adjustment ("POA").On February 12, 2019, the POA, including certain related commutation transactions, and subsequent distributions, became effective, resulting in a significant reduction of Ambac Assurance's insured net par exposure to COFINA. Pursuant to the COFINA POA, approximately 75% of holders of Ambac Assurance-insured senior COFINA bonds (including Ambac) elected to commute their insurance policy.

Ballantyne Re plc ("Ballantyne") Restructuring. On April 25, 2019, Ballantyne commenced, under Irish law, a restructuring transaction ("Restructuring") in respect of its obligations, including obligations that were guaranteed by Ambac UK. The arrangement was approved on June 17, 2019. With the successful implementation of the Restructuring, Ambac UK has ceased to have any exposure with respect to the obligations of Ballantyne.

The following paragraphs describe the consolidated results of operations of Ambac and its subsidiaries for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, ~~and 2018,~~ respectively.

~~Rehabilitation Exit Transactions.~~On February 12, 2018, Ambac Assurance executed the Rehabilitation Exit Transactions under which Deferred Amounts and a substantial portion of Ambac Assurance senior surplus notes were settled at a discount, with holders (other than Ambac) receiving in exchange, a consideration package of cash and debt securities (as more fully discussed in ~~Note 1. Background and Business Description~~ in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018). As described further below, the completion of the Rehabilitation Exit Transactions, including the related changes to invested assets, loss reserves and debt of the Company, has a significant impact on the comparability of the results of operation for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Net Premiums Earned. Net premiums earned primarily represent the amortization into income of insurance premiums. We present accelerated premiums, which result from calls and other accelerations of insured obligations separate from normal net premiums earned. When an insured bond has been retired, any remaining unearned premium revenue ("UPR") is recognized at that time to the extent the financial guarantee contract is legally extinguished, causing accelerated premium revenue. For installment premium paying transactions, we offset the recognition of any remaining UPR by the reduction of the related premium receivable to zero (as it will not be collected as a result of the retirement), which may cause negative accelerated premium revenue.

Net premiums earned decreased $3$18 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019, respectively,~~2020, compared to the same period in the prior year. Normal net premiums earned and accelerated premiums are reconciled to total net premiums earned in the table below. The following table provides a breakdown of ~~net~~normal premiums earned by market:


	Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2019			2018		2020		2019
Normal Premium Earned:
Normal premiums earned
Public finance	$	8		$	10	$	5	$	8
Structured finance	3			5		1		3
International finance	5			6		4		5
Total normal premiums earned	16			22		10		16
Accelerated Earnings:
Public finance	18			9
Structured Finance	—			1
International finance	(6		)	—
Accelerated earnings	12			9		—		12
Total net premiums earned	$	28		$	31	$	10	$	28

The decrease in normal premiums earned in the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, is primarily attributable to (i) the continued runoff of the insured portfolio in all ~~markets.~~markets and (ii) changes to allowance for credit losses on premiums receivables. Ambac adopted ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("CECL"), on January 1, 2020, and will assess the allowance for credit losses on premium receivables on a quarterly basis. Prior to adoption of ASU 2016-13, Ambac assessed collectability of premium receivables in accordance with ASC 944 and recorded an allowance for uncollectible premiums. The three months ended March 31, 2020, includes an increase in the allowance for credit losses since adoption of CECL of $2 million as compared to an increase of less than $1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Terminations and accelerations, including those which occurred in prior periods, result in lower normal premiums earned in current and future periods. First quarter 2020 Public Finance

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 522020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

normal earned premiums were also impacted by a large reinsurance ~~cession~~cessions in the ~~fourth quarter~~second half of ~~2018.~~2019.

The ~~increase~~decrease in ~~public finance~~ accelerated earnings in the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019, is primarily related to ~~de-risking activity including~~ the COFINA ~~restructuring. International negative accelerated earnings~~restructuring that occurred in ~~the three months ended March 31, 2019, is related to the termination of a commercial asset-backed exposure.~~February 2019.

Net Investment ~~Income.~~Income (Loss). Net investment income (loss) primarily consists of interest and net discount accretion on fixed income securities classified as available-for-sale ~~including~~and net gains (losses) on pooled investment funds which include changes in fair value of the funds' net assets. Fixed income securities include investments in Ambac-insured ~~securities. Investments in Ambac-insured~~ securities that are made opportunistically based on their risk/reward and asset-liability management characteristics. As described further below, investment income from holdings of Ambac-insured securities (including Secured Notes issued by Ambac LSNI, LLC) for the periods presented have primarily been ~~driven~~affected by ~~RMBS,~~restructuring transactions involving Puerto Rico ~~bonds~~ and ~~the Secured Notes issued by Ambac LSNI. Also, included~~Ballantyne bonds. Investments in ~~net investment income are net gains and (losses) on~~ pooled investment funds and certain other investments ~~that~~ are either classified as trading securities with changes in fair value recognized in ~~earnings. Trading securities~~earnings or are ~~included~~reported under the equity method. These funds and other investments are reported in Other investments on the Unaudited Consolidated Balance ~~Sheets. Most trading securities are in the Ambac UK portfolio~~Sheets and consist primarily of pooled fund investments in diversified asset ~~classes including equities, hedge~~classes. For further information about investment funds ~~(liquidated~~held, refer to Note 8. Investments to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, included in ~~the fourth quarter of 2018), loans, insurance-linked securities and property.~~Part I, Item 1 in this Form 10-Q.

Net investment income (loss) from Ambac-insured ~~securities, available for sale~~securities; available-for-sale and short-term securities, other than ~~Ambac-insured~~Ambac-insured; and Other investments is summarized in the table below:

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 52~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2019		2018		2020			2019
Securities available-for-sale: Ambac-insured (including Secured Notes)	$	29	$	98	$	16		$	29
Securities available-for-sale and short-term other than Ambac-insured	18		12		15			18
Other investments (includes trading securities)	8		—		(52		)	8
Net investment income	$	55	$	110
Net investment (loss) income					$	(21	)	$	55

Net investment (loss) income ~~decreased $55~~was $(21) million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, a decrease of $76 million compared to the ~~same periods in the prior year.~~three months ended March 31, 2019. The decrease ~~is due~~was primarily ~~to the reduced amount of Ambac-insured RMBS~~driven by unrealized losses on fund investments resulting from the ~~2018 Rehabilitation Exit Transactions~~impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on financial markets, a smaller allocation to higher yielding Ambac-insured securities and a lower overall invested asset base.

Losses on Other investments reported for the three months ended March 31, 2020, were in hedge and other fund investments focusing on asset-backed securities, equities, high-yield, leveraged loans and private credit. These losses were primarily driven by adverse changes in fair values, as opposed to realized losses, stemming from an increase in risk premiums (including credit spreads) as a consequence of the economic and financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. These investment funds have begun to recover in value during the second quarter of 2020. Ambac currently views these unrealized losses as temporary

subject to any subsequent ~~sales.~~decisions to monetize certain investments in connection with changes in investment strategy, market conditions, and/or other circumstances. Other investment income for the three months ended March 31, 2019, was driven by gains on equity, high-yield and loan funds, partially offset by losses on an insurance-linked security fund.

Income from Ambac-insured securities was lower due to the effects of 2019 de-risking transactions and ongoing redemptions of Secured Notes issued by Ambac LSNI, LLC. Ambac's holdings of insured COFINA and Ballantyne bonds were settled in connection with the February 2019 COFINA commutation and June 2019 Ballantyne Restructuring, respectively, accounting for the majority of the decrease in income from Ambac-insured securities. Additionally, income from Secured Notes is down as a result of early redemptions as well as lower LIBOR indexed coupon rates effective for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Net investment income (loss) from available-for-sales securities other than Ambac-insured securities ~~declined~~decreased primarily as a result of the ~~February 2019 commutation of Ambac-insured COFINA bonds, most of which were held~~favorable impact on income for the ~~full~~ three months ended March 31, ~~2018. Partially offsetting~~2019, of high yielding uninsured COFINA bonds received under the POA. All of these ~~decreases on Ambac-insured securities is higher~~uninsured COFINA bonds were sold from Ambac's non-VIE investment portfolio by December 31, 2019. Additionally, income ~~on Secured Notes, including a positive impact~~ from ~~increases to interest rates.~~

~~Available-for-sale and short term~~available-for-sale securities for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019, improved over the comparable period, benefiting from both higher market~~2020, was down due to a smaller asset base and generally declining reinvestment rates ~~and a greater allocation to higher yielding assets, including new uninsured COFINA bonds received in connection with the commutation transaction.~~since first quarter 2019.

Income from other investments was higher for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to gains on equity index funds compared to losses for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Results from other asset classes were mixed, including improved performance of loans and high-income funds and declines in insurance-linked and UK property funds.

~~Net Other-Than-Temporary Impairment Losses.~~ Net other-than-temporary impairment losses recorded in earnings include only credit related impairment amounts to the extent management does not intend to sell and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell before recovery of the amortized cost basis. Non-credit related impairment amounts are recorded in other comprehensive income. Alternatively, non-credit related impairment is reported through earnings as part of net other-than-temporary impairment losses if management intends to sell securities or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell before recovery of amortized cost less any current period credit impairment.

Net other-than-temporary impairments for the three month period ended March 31, 2019, related to management's intent to sell securities. For the three month period ended March 31, 2018, net other-than-temporary impairments included credit related impairments on certain securities and also included some losses due to management's intent to sell securities.

Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses). The following table provides a breakdown of net realized gains (losses) for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2019			2018			2020		2019
Net gains on securities sold or called	$	20		$	10
Net gains (losses) on securities sold or called							$	6	$	20
Net foreign exchange gains (losses)	(3		)	(5		)	2		(3		)
Credit impairments							—		—
Intent / requirement to sell impairments							—		—
Total net realized gains (losses)	$	17		$	5		$	8	$	17

Net realized gains on securities sold or called for the three months ended March 31, 2020, are primarily from sales in connection with routine portfolio management. Net realized gains on securities sold or called for the three months ended March 31, 2019, included $19 million of net gains related to the impact of the COFINA Plan of Adjustment and sales of Ambac-insured Puerto Rico COFINA bonds and ~~sales of~~ new uninsured COFINA bonds received in the commutation.

Impairments are reported through earnings if management intends to sell securities or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell before recovery of amortized cost. Credit impairments are recorded in earnings only to the extent management does not intend to sell, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the securities, before recovery of their amortized cost. When credit impairments are recorded, any non-credit related impairment amounts on the securities are recorded in other comprehensive income.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 532020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Intent / requirement to sell impairments for the three month periods ended March 31, 2020, and 2019, related solely to management's intent to sell securities.

Net Gains (Losses) on Derivative ~~Contracts~~Contracts.. Net gains (losses) on derivative contracts ~~includes~~include results from the Company's interest ~~rated~~rate derivatives portfolio and its runoff credit derivatives ~~portfolio as presented in the following table:~~

Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions) 2019 2018
Net gains (losses) on interest rate derivatives (17 ) 26
Net gains (losses) on credit derivatives —
—
Total net gains (losses) (16 ) 25

portfolio. The interest rate derivatives portfolio is positioned to benefit from rising rates as a partial economic hedge against interest rate exposure in the financial guarantee and investment portfolios. ~~Results~~As forward rates and interest rate exposures elsewhere in the company have declined over the course of 2019 into the first quarter 2020, the economic hedge position has been reduced. Net gains (losses) on interest rate derivatives generally reflect mark-to-market gains (losses) in the portfolio caused by increases (declines) in forward interest rates during the periods, the carrying cost of the ~~net liability position of the~~ portfolio, and the impact of ~~the Ambac CVA and~~ counterparty credit adjustments as discussed below. Results from credit derivatives were not significant to the periods presented.

Net gains (losses) on interest rate derivatives for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, were ($~~17)~~68) million, compared to ~~$26~~($17) million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018.~~2019. The net loss for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, reflects significant declines in forward interest rates, ~~partially offset~~triggered by ~~lower carrying costs compared to~~ the COVID-19 pandemic, and losses from the application of counterparty credit adjustments, described further below. The net losses for three months ended March 31, ~~2018, which experienced increases~~2019, were driven by the impact of declines in forward interest ~~rates.~~

~~The fair value of derivatives include valuation adjustments~~rates during the period. Net carrying costs were not significant to reflect Ambac’s own credit risk and counterparty credit risk. Within the interest rate derivatives portfolio, an Ambac CVA is generally applicable for uncollateralized derivative liabilities that may not be offset by derivative assets under a master netting agreement. There was no Ambac CVA included in the fair value of interest rate derivatives for the periods presented.

Counterparty credit adjustments are generally applicable for uncollateralized derivative assets that may not be offset by derivative liabilities under a master netting agreement. Inclusion of counterparty credit adjustments in the valuation of interest rate derivatives resulted in ~~gains~~ (losses) within Net gains (losses) on ~~interest rate derivatives~~derivative contracts of ~~$(0.7) million and $(0.3)~~$(30) million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020, and ~~2018, respectively.~~

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 53~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

~~The net gain/(loss) from change in fair value of credit derivatives three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was less than a million in both periods.~~

~~Net Realized Gains (Losses) on Extinguishment of Debt.~~ ~~Net realized gains on extinguishment of debt was $0 million and $3~~$(1) million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019 and 2018, respectively.~~2019. The ~~gains~~loss for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018, related to surplus notes received~~2020, was driven by wider credit spreads, including the effect of a credit rating downgrade of a derivative counterparty by Ambac ~~Assurance~~during the quarter, simultaneous with an increase in ~~settlement of Deferred Amounts held in its investment portfolio in connection with~~ the ~~Rehabilitation Exit Transactions.~~underlying asset value as interest rates declined.

Income (loss) on Variable Interest Entities. Included within Income (loss) on variable interest entities are income statement amounts relating to VIEs, consolidated under the Consolidation Topic of the ASC as a result of Ambac's variable interest arising from financial guarantees written by Ambac's subsidiaries, including gains or losses attributable to consolidating or deconsolidating VIEs during the periods reported. Generally, the Company’s consolidated VIEs are entities for which Ambac has provided financial guarantees on all of or a portion of its assets or liabilities. In consolidation, assets and liabilities of the VIEs are initially reported at fair value and the related insurance assets and liabilities are eliminated. However, the amount of VIE net assets (liabilities) that remain in consolidation generally result from the net positive (negative) projected cash flows from (to) the VIEs which are attributable to Ambac’s insurance subsidiaries in the form of financial guarantee insurance premiums, fees and losses. In the case of VIEs with net negative projected cash flows, the net liability is generally to be funded by Ambac’s insurance subsidiaries through insurance claim payments. Differences

between the net carrying value of the insurance accounts under the Financial Services—Insurance Topic of the ASC and the carrying value of the consolidated VIE’s net assets or liabilities are recorded through income at the time of consolidation or deconsolidation. Additionally, terminations or other changes to Ambac's financial guarantee insurance policies that impact projected cash flows between a consolidated VIE and Ambac could result in gains or losses, even if such policy changes do not result in deconsolidation of the VIE.

Income (loss) on variable interest entities was $3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to income of $16 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019, compared to income of $1 million~~2019. Results for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018. Income~~2020, were due primarily to realized gains of $8 million on ~~variable interest entities~~sales of assets from the COFINA Trust partially offset by the lower valuation of net assets on another VIE driven by the economic uncertainty caused by COVID-19. Results for the three months ended March 31, 2019, ~~was primarily~~were driven by the ~~VIE~~$15 million gain on consolidation ~~gain~~ of ~~14.9 million related~~the COFINA Trust.

Refer to Note 3. Variable Interest Entities to the restructuring of Puerto Rico COFINA debt. Under the restructuring, Ambac-insured COFINA bonds that were not commuted were deposited into a newly formed trust, called the COFINA Class 2 Trust. This Trust is a VIE that Ambac has determined must be consolidated. Refer toUnaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part I, Item ~~2, “Management's Discussion and Analysis — Financial Guarantees~~1 in ~~Force" in~~ this ~~Quarterly Report on~~ Form 10-Q for further ~~discussion of~~information on the ~~COFINA Debt Restructuring. Income on variable interest entities~~accounting for the three months ended March 31, 2018 included higher net asset values on most VIEs reflecting lower credit spreads and strengthening of the British Pound Sterling consistent with that implicit in the fair value of the VIE long-term debt obligations.VIEs.

Losses and Loss Expenses. Losses and loss expenses are based upon estimates of the aggregate losses inherent in the non-derivative financial guarantee portfolio for insurance policies

issued to beneficiaries, including unconsolidated VIEs. Losses and loss expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2018 included interest on Deferred Amounts pursuant to the Segregated Account Rehabilitation Plan that were discharged on February 12, 2018.

Ambac records as a component of its loss reserve estimate subrogation recoveries related to securitized loans in RMBS transactions with respect to which Ambac Assurance is pursuing claims for breaches of representations and warranties. Ambac does not include potential recoveries attributed solely to fraudulent inducement claims in our litigations in our estimate of subrogation recoveries. Generally, the sponsor of an RMBS transaction provided representations and warranties with respect to the securitized loans, including representations with respect to the loan characteristics, the absence of borrower fraud in the underlying loan pools or other misconduct in the origination process and attesting to the compliance of loans with the prevailing underwriting policies. Ambac has recorded representation and warranty subrogation recoveries, net of reinsurance, of approximately ~~$1.740 billion~~$1,738 and ~~$1.744 billion~~$1,702 at March 31, ~~2019~~2020, and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. The increase in these recoveries was primarily driven by lower discount rates used to discount estimated cash flows. Refer to Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, for more information regarding the estimation process for R&W subrogation recoveries.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 542020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

The following provides details, by bond type, for losses and loss expenses (benefit) incurred for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2019			2018			2020			2019
RMBS ⁽¹⁾	$	(39	)	$	46		$	(83	)	$	(39	)
Domestic Public Finance	69			(11		)	178			69
Student Loans	(4		)	3			14			(4		)
Ambac UK and Other Credits	(15		)	(17		)	7			(15		)
Interest on Deferred Amounts	—			21
Discount on Rehabilitation Exit Transactions	—			(288		)
Totals ⁽²⁾	$	12		$	(247	)
Totals ⁽¹⁾							$	117		$	12


(1)	~~The losses~~Includes loss expenses incurred (benefit) of $3 and ~~loss expense (benefit) associated with changes in estimated representation and warranties was $4 and $1~~$29 for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.


~~(2)~~	~~Includes loss expenses incurred of $29 and $8 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.~~

Losses and loss expenses (benefit) for the three months ended March 31, 2020, were driven by the following:

Higher projected losses in domestic public finance driven mostly by lower discount rates (primarily relating to Puerto Rico) and incurred losses related to transactions directly impacted by the economic impact from COVID-19; and

An increase in student loan losses as a result of lower discount rates and the impact from COVID-19; partially offset by

Favorable RMBS development as a result of the positive impact of lower interest rates on excess spread, reduced by the negative impact of lower discount rates and expected losses from COVID-19 related delinquencies/defaults.

Losses and loss expenses (benefit) for the three months ended March 31, 2019, were driven by the following:

Higher projected losses in domestic public finance largely driven by additions to Puerto Rico ~~revenue bond~~ loss reserves; partially offset ~~by:~~by

Favorable RMBS development as a result of credit improvement and the impact on excess spread from declines in interest rates reduced by an increase in loss expenses;

Favorable development within Ambac UK and Other Credits primarily from certain Ambac UK credits; and

A portion of Ambac UK's loss reserves are denominated in currencies other than their functional currency of British

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 54~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

Pounds resulting in incurred losses (gains) when the British Pound depreciates (appreciates). Ambac recognized $6 million in foreign exchange gain for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

~~Losses and loss expenses (benefit)~~Insurance Intangible Amortization. Insurance intangible amortization for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018 were driven by the following:~~

~~Discount achieved pursuant to the Rehabilitation Exit Transactions;~~

~~Lower projected losses in domestic public finance largely driven by the favorable impact~~2020, was $13 million, a decrease of ~~higher discount rates partially offset by some adverse development on Puerto Rico policies; and~~

A portion of Ambac UK's loss reserves are denominated in currencies other than their functional currency of British Pounds resulting in incurred losses (gains) when the British Pound depreciates (appreciates). Ambac recognized $11$23 million ~~in foreign exchange gains for~~over the three months ended March 31, ~~2018; partially offset by,~~

~~Higher projected losses~~2019, primarily due to accelerated amortization related to the COFINA restructuring that occurred in ~~the RMBS portfolio largely driven by the impact of interest rates on excess spread; and~~

~~Interest on Deferred Amounts through the Rehabilitation Exit Transactions date.~~

~~The following table provides details of net claims recorded, net of reinsurance for the affected periods:~~

February 2019.

Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions) 2019 2018
Claim and commutation payments ⁽¹⁾
$ 123
$ 57
Subrogation received ⁽²⁾
(68 ) (39 )
Net Claims Recorded $ 54
$ 18


~~(1)~~	~~Claim and commutation payments includes claims and commutation payments on Puerto Rico policies of $86 and $27 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.~~


~~(2)~~	~~For the three months ended March 31, 2019, subrogation received includes $23 related to the COFINA Plan of Adjustment.~~

Operating ~~Expenses~~.Expenses. Operating expenses consist of gross operating expenses plus reinsurance commissions. The following table provides ~~details~~a summary of operating expenses for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2019		2018		2020		2019
Compensation	$	14	$	16	$	14	$	14
Non-compensation	10		21		9		10
Gross operating expenses ⁽¹⁾	25		36		24		25
Reinsurance commissions, net	—		—		—		—
Total operating expenses	$	25	$	36	$	24	$	25

Gross operating expense for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, were ~~$25~~$24 million, a decrease of ~~$11~~$1 million from the three months ended March 31, ~~2018.~~ 2019. Operating expenses incurred relating to COVID-19 have been minimal for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

The decrease in operating expenses was due to the following:

Lower compensation costs primarily due to ~~(i)~~ lower salaries ~~as a result~~resulting from continued right sizing of reduced headcount; (ii) a decrease in equity granted in lieu of a cash bonus; and (iii) amounts related to the settlement of a previously granted performance based award issued to the former CEO that vested in 2017 upon the Segregated Account's exit from rehabilitation. These costs werestaffing levels during 2019, partially offset by ~~an improvement in~~higher incentive compensation costs related to final performance metrics ~~on incentive compensation during the three months ended March 31, 2019.~~

~~Lower non-compensation costs primarily due to $12 million~~impacting settlement of ~~lower legal, consulting~~2019 annual bonuses, and ~~advisory fees in connection with the exit from rehabilitation of the Segregated Account, of which $4 million relates to advisory services provided for the benefit of OCI.~~


•	Lower non-compensation costs primarily due to a $1 million UK Value Added Tax (VAT) refund recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2020.

~~With the conclusion of the Segregated Account rehabilitation, the duties of the Wisconsin Insurance Commissioner as rehabilitator of the Segregated Account have been discharged.~~ Legal and consulting services provided for the benefit of OCI amounted to $0.5 million and ~~$4.5~~$0.5 million during the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

Interest Expense. Interest expense includes accrued interest on the Ambac Note, Tier 2 Notes, ~~secured borrowing and~~ surplus notes ~~issued by Ambac Assurance.~~and other debt obligations. Additionally, interest expense includes discount accretion when the debt instrument carrying value is at a discount to par.

The following table provides details by type of obligation for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2019		2018		2020		2019
Surplus notes(1)	$	24	$	21	$	26	$	24
Ambac note	38		22		31		38
Tier 2 notes ⁽¹⁾	6		4		7		6
Secured borrowing	—		1
Other					—		—
Total interest expense	$	68	$	48	$	63	$	68


(1)	~~The amounts include unfunded commitment fees applicable prior to the issuance of the Tier 2 notes of $1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2018.~~Includes junior surplus notes.

The ~~increase~~decrease in interest expense for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, compared to the three months ended March 31, ~~2018,~~2019, was primarily driven by optional redemptions and lower rate resets of the floating rate Ambac Note partially offset by interest compounding on the surplus notes and the Tier 2 Notes. The increase in interest expense also reflects the impact of applying the ~~Rehabilitation Exit Transactions that resulted in the issuance of the~~

| Ambac ~~Note~~Financial Group, Inc. 552020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

level yield method on surplus notes and Tier 2 ~~Notes. Additionally, surplus notes outstanding increased in~~Notes as the ~~third quarter of 2018 due to surplus notes issued by Ambac Assurance in connection with the AMPS Exchange and resales of notes~~discount to the ~~market. On June 22, 2018,~~face value of the Secured Borrowing was fully redeemed. Refer to Note 13 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. for further information on the Ambac Note and Tier 2 Notes.long-term debt accretes over time.

Surplus note principal and interest payments require the approval of OCI. ~~Except for~~Since the issuance of the surplus notes in 2010, OCI has declined to approve regular payments of interest on surplus notes, although the OCI has permitted exceptional payments in connection with (a) increasing the percentage of deferred policy payments of the Segregated Account of Ambac Assurance from 25% to 45% in 2014 and (b) a one-time payment of approximately six months of interest on the surplus notes (other than junior surplus notes) outstanding immediately after consummation of the Rehabilitation Exit

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 55~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

Transactions annually from 2011 through 2018, OCI issued its disapproval of the requests of Ambac Assurance to pay the full interest on outstanding surplus notes issued by Ambac on the annual scheduled interest payment date of June 7th.in 2018. Ambac Assurance has not requested to pay interest on any junior surplus notes since their issuance.

In April 2020, OCI declined the request of Ambac Assurance to pay the principal amount of the surplus notes, plus all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, on the scheduled maturity date of June 7, 2020. As a result, the scheduled payment date for interest, and the scheduled maturity date for payment of principal of the surplus notes, shall be extended until OCI grants approval to make the payment. Interest will accrue, compounded on each anniversary of the original scheduled payment date or scheduled maturity date, on any unpaid principal or interest through the actual date of payment, at 5.1% per annum. Holders of surplus notes will have no rights to enforce the payment of the principal of, or interest on, surplus notes in the absence of OCI approval to pay such amount. The interest on the outstanding surplus notes and junior surplus notes were accrued for and Ambac Assurance is accruing interest on the interest amounts following each scheduled ~~interest~~ payment date. Total accrued and unpaid interest for surplus notes and junior surplus notes outstanding to third parties were ~~$271~~$312 million and ~~$127~~$152 million, respectively, at March 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

Provision for Income Taxes. The provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, was $2$(7) million, a decrease of $1$9 million compared to the provision for income taxes reported for three months ended March 31, ~~2018.~~2019. The change for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, compared to the prior year ~~quarter~~ was ~~attributable to reduction in state and local taxes, resulting from a change in the treatment of interest on certain surplus notes, partially offset by higher foreign taxes, resulting~~ primarily ~~from favorable~~attributable Ambac UK, which had a taxable loss, ~~reserve development.~~related to investment losses on pooled funds, in 2020 as compared to taxable income in 2019.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Ambac Financial Group, Inc. ("AFG") Liquidity. ~~Ambac’s~~AFG's liquidity is primarily dependent on its cash, investments, and net receivables totaling ~~$469~~$482 million as of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, and secondarily on its expense sharing and other arrangements with Ambac Assurance.

Ambac's investments include securities directly and indirectly issued by and/or insured by Ambac Assurance some of which are eliminated in consolidation. Securities issued or insured by Ambac Assurance are generally less liquid than investment grade and other traded investments.

Pursuant to the amended and restated tax sharing agreement among ~~Ambac,~~AFG, Ambac Assurance and certain affiliates (the "Amended TSA"), Ambac Assurance is required to make payments ("tolling payments") to ~~Ambac~~AFG with respect to the utilization of net operating loss carry-forwards (“NOLs”). ~~Ambac~~AFG has accrued $28 million of tolling payments based on NOLs used by Ambac Assurance ~~on its 2017 tax return, as filed.~~in 2017. In May 2018, ~~Ambac~~AFG executed a waiver under the intercompany tax sharing agreement pursuant to which Ambac Assurance was relieved of the requirement to make this payment by June 1, 2018. ~~Ambac has~~AFG also agreed to defer the tolling payment for the use of

net operating losses by Ambac Assurance in 2017 until such time as OCI consents to the payment. Ambac has accrued $16 million of tolling payments based on NOLs used by Ambac Assurance in 2018, which is required to be paid by May 31, 2019. Ambac's tax positions are subject to review by the OCI, which may lead to the adoption of positions that reduce the amount of tolling payments otherwise available to Ambac.

Under an inter-company cost allocation agreement, ~~Ambac~~AFG is reimbursed by Ambac Assurance for a portion of certain operating costs and expenses and, if approved by OCI, entitled to an additional payment of up to $4 million per year to cover expenses not otherwise reimbursed. OCI approved this $4 million reimbursement for 2019 expenses, which was paid in ~~April 2019~~March 2020.

AFG's investments include securities directly and ~~included as a receivable to~~indirectly issued by and/or insured by Ambac Assurance, some of which are eliminated in ~~the above noted assets.~~consolidation. Securities issued or insured by Ambac Assurance are generally less liquid than investment grade and other traded investments.

It is highly unlikely that Ambac Assurance will be able to make dividend payments to ~~Ambac~~AFG for the foreseeable future and therefore cash and investments, payments under the intercompany

cost allocation agreement and future tolling payments, if any, will be ~~Ambac’s~~AFG’s principal source of liquidity in the near term. Refer to Part I, Item 1, “Insurance Regulatory Matters — Dividend Restrictions, Including Contractual Restrictions” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, and Note 8. Insurance Regulatory Restrictions to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, for more information on dividend payment restrictions.

The principal ~~use~~uses of liquidity isare the payment of operating expenses, including costs to explore opportunities to grow and diversify ~~Ambac,~~Ambac; and the making of ~~investments.~~investments, including securities issued or insured by Ambac Assurance. Future uses of liquidity may include the acquisition or capitalization of new businesses. Contingencies could cause material liquidity strains.

Ambac Assurance Liquidity. Ambac Assurance’s liquidity is dependent on ~~its~~the balance of liquid investments and, over time, the net impact of sources and uses of funds. The principal sources of Ambac Assurance’s liquidity are gross installment premiums on insurance ~~policies,~~policies; principal and interest payments from ~~investments,~~investments; sales of ~~investments,~~investments; proceeds from repayment of affiliate ~~loans,~~loans; and recoveries on claim payments, including from litigation and reinsurance recoveries. Termination of installment premium policies on an accelerated basis may adversely impact Ambac Assurance’s liquidity.

The principal uses of Ambac Assurance’s liquidity are the payment of operating and loss adjustment expenses, claims, commutation and related expense payments on insurance policies, ceded reinsurance premiums, principal and interest payments on the Ambac Note, surplus note principal and interest payments, Tier 2 Note payments, additional loans to affiliates, ~~and~~ tolling payments due to ~~Ambac~~AFG under the Amended ~~TSA. Interest~~TSA, and ~~principal payments~~purchases of securities and other investments that may not be immediately converted into cash.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on ~~surplus notes are subject to the approval of OCI, which has full discretion over payments regardless~~Ambac's available liquidity as a consequence of the ~~liquidity position of Ambac Assurance. Any such payment on surplus notes would require either payment or collateralization of a portion~~adverse reaction of the ~~Tier 2 Notes under the terms of the Tier 2 Note indenture. See~~ ~~Note 13. Long-term Debt~~ capital markets, which led to a reduction in the ~~Notes~~value and marketability of our invested assets; derivative losses, which required additional collateral posting; and higher credit risk within the insured portfolio, as further described below.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 562020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Nevertheless, Ambac has not yet experienced incremental demands on its liquidity, from higher claims or expenses, other than the aforementioned increase in collateral postings

Claim payments may increase during the global recession and COVID-19 pandemic as issuers, particularly those with revenues that will be interrupted by social distancing, other restrictions and the increase in unemployment, may not have sufficient cash inflows to ~~Consolidated Financial Statements, included~~pay debt service on Ambac-insured debt. Refer to "Financial Guarantees in ~~Part II, Item 8,~~Force" in ~~the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018~~this Management's Discussion and Analysis for further discussion of the ~~payment terms and conditions~~potential impact of the ~~Tier 2 Notes.~~COVID-19 pandemic on claim payments.

•

Interest and principal payments on surplus notes are subject to the approval of OCI, which has full discretion over payments regardless of the liquidity position of Ambac Assurance. Any such payment on surplus notes would require either payment or collateralization of a portion of the Tier 2 Notes under the terms of the Tier 2 Note indenture. See Note 13. Long-term Debt in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part II, Item 8, in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 for further discussion of the payment terms and conditions of the Tier 2 Notes. As discussed more fully in "Results of Operations" above in this Management's Discussion and Analysis OCI declined Ambac Assurance's request to pay the principal amount of the surplus notes, plus all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, on June 7, 2020.

Ambac Assurance's intercompany loans are with Ambac Financial Services ("AFS"). AFS uses interest rate derivatives (primarily interest rated swaps and US Treasury futures) as an economic hedge against the effects of rising interest rates elsewhere in the Company, including on Ambac Assurance’s financial guarantee exposures. AFS's derivatives include interest rate swaps previously provided to asset-backed issuers and other entities in connection with their financings. Ambac Assurance loans cash and securities to AFS as needed to fund payments under these derivative contracts, collateral posting requirements and operating expenses. Intercompany loans are governed by an established lending agreement with defined borrowing limits that has received non-disapproval from OCI.

Ambac Assurance manages its liquidity risk by maintaining comprehensive analyses of projected cash flows and maintaining specified levels of cash and short-term investments at all times.

Ambac Assurance is limited in its ability to pay dividends pursuant to the terms of its Auction Market Preferred Shares (“AMPS”), which state that dividends may not be paid on the common stock of Ambac Assurance unless all accrued and unpaid dividends on the AMPS for the then current dividend period have been paid, provided that dividends on the common stock may be made at all times for the purpose of, and only in such amounts as are necessary for enabling ~~Ambac~~AFG (i) to service its indebtedness for borrowed money as such payments become due or (ii) to pay its operating expenses. If dividends are paid on the common stock for such purposes, dividends on the AMPS become cumulative until the date that all accumulated and unpaid dividends have been paid on the AMPS. Ambac Assurance has not paid dividends on the AMPS since 2010. Ambac Assurance is also subject to additional restrictions on the payment of dividends pursuant to certain

contractual and regulatory restrictions. Refer to Part I, Item 1, “Insurance Regulatory Matters - Dividend Restrictions, Including Contractual Restrictions” in the

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 56~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, and Note 8. Insurance Regulatory Restrictions to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, for more information on dividend payment restrictions.

Our ability to realize RMBS representation and warranty ("R&W") subrogation recoveries is subject to significant uncertainty, including risks inherent in ~~litigation,~~litigation; collectability of such amounts from counterparties (and/or their respective parents and affiliates),; timing of receipt of any such recoveries, including uncertainty due to delays in court proceedings as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic; intervention by the OCI, which could impede our ability to take actions required to realize such ~~recoveries,~~recoveries; and uncertainty inherent in the assumptions used in estimating the amount of such recoveries. The amount of these subrogation recoveries is significant and if we are unable to recover any amounts or recover materially less than our estimated recoveries, our future available liquidity to pay claims, debt service and meet our other obligations would be reduced materially. See Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 for more information about risks relating to our RMBS R&W subrogation ~~recoveries~~

~~Ambac Financial Services ("AFS") Liquidity~~. AFS uses interest rate derivatives as an economic hedge against the effects of rising interest rates elsewhere in the Company, including on Ambac’s financial guarantee exposures. These derivatives include, interest rate swaps previously provided to states, municipalities and their authorities, asset-backed issuers and other entities in connection with their financings. The principal uses of liquidity by AFS are payments on intercompany loans, payments under derivative contracts (primarily interest rate swaps and US Treasury futures), collateral posting and operating expenses. AFS borrows cash and securities from Ambac Assurance to meet liquidity needs under an established lending agreement with defined borrowing limits that has received non-disapproval from OCI.recoveries.

Cash Flow Statement Discussion. The following table summarizes the net cash flows for the periods presented.


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in million)	2019			2018			2020			2019
Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	(95	)	$	(1,192	)	$	(87	)	$	(95	)
Investing activities	112			657			244			112
Financing activities	(76		)	(50		)	(146		)	(76		)
Foreign exchange impact on cash and cash equivalents	—			—			—			—
Net cash flow	$	(58	)	$	(585	)	$	10		$	(58	)

Operating activities

The following represents the significant cash activities during the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018:~~2019:

~~During~~Cash used in operating activities relating to long-term debt on the Ambac Note were $31 million and $38 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018, the cash outflow from the Rehabilitation Exit Transactions to third parties was $1,354 million of which $1,162 million is included~~2020 and 2019, respectively.

Cash used in operating activities ~~and $191 is included in financing activities as it~~ related to ~~payments~~interest rate derivatives were $25 million and $23 million for surplus note principal. See Note 1. Background and Business Description to the Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part I, Item 1 in this Form 10-Q and Note 1. Background and Business Description in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for

~~the year ended December 31, 2018 for details regarding the Rehabilitation Exit Transactions.~~

~~During~~ the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, ~~Ambac made payment of interest on long-term debt of $38~~respectively.

Cash provided by operating activities relating to the investment portfolio were $30 million ~~on the Ambac Note.~~

~~During~~and $36 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018, Ambac made payment of interest on long-term debt of $13 million, including $11 million on surplus notes made in connection with the Rehabilitation Exit Transactions~~2020 and ~~$2 million on the secured borrowing which has been fully repaid in June 2018.~~2019, respectively.

Net loss and loss expenses paid, including commutation payments, during the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019 are detailed below:

Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in million) 2019 2018
Net loss and loss expenses paid (recovered):
Net losses paid ⁽¹⁾
$ 123
$ 92
Net subrogation received (68 ) (39 )
Net loss expenses paid 10
10
Net cash flow $ 64
$ 63

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 572020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |



	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in million)	2020			2019
Net loss and loss expenses paid (recovered):
Net losses paid ⁽¹⁾	$	44		$	123
Net subrogation received ⁽²⁾	(25		)	(68		)
Net loss expenses paid	20			10
Net cash flow	$	39		$	64


(1)	Net losses paid ~~includes~~include commutation payments of $2 and ~~claim payments on Puerto Rico policies of $86 and $27~~$66 for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.


(2)	For or the three months ended March 31, 2019, subrogation received includes $23 related to the COFINA Plan of Adjustment.

Future operating cash flows will primarily be impacted by the level of premium collections, investment coupon receipts and claim and expense payments.

Financing Activities

Financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020, include paydowns of the Ambac Note of $77 million and paydowns / maturities of VIE debt obligations of $66 million.

Financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019, include proceeds ~~of $2.8~~$3 million from Ambac's issuance of 201 shares of AMPS, paydowns of the Ambac Note of $13 million and paydowns / maturities of VIE debt obligations of $63 million.

Financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2018, include proceeds from the issuance of Tier 2 Notes of $240 million, repayments of a secured borrowing of $9 million, payments for the extinguishment of surplus notes of $191 million, paydowns of VIE debt obligations of $80 million and $9 million of debt issuance costs.

Collateral

AFS hedges a portion of the interest rate risk in the financial guarantee and investment portfolio, along with legacy customer interest rate swaps, with standardized derivative contracts, including financial futures contracts, which contain collateral or margin requirements. Under these hedge agreements, AFS is required to post collateral or margin to its counterparties and futures commission merchants to cover unrealized losses. In addition, AFS is required to post collateral or margin in excess of the amounts needed to cover unrealized losses. All AFS derivative contracts containing ratings-based downgrade triggers that could result in collateral or margin posting or a termination have been triggered. If terminations were to occur, AFS would be required to make termination payments but would also receive a return of collateral or margin in the form of cash or U.S. Treasury obligations with market values equal to or in excess of market values of the swaps

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 57~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

and futures contracts. AFS may look to re-establish hedge positions that are terminated early, resulting in additional collateral or margin obligations. The amount of additional collateral or margin posted on derivatives contracts will depend on several variables including the degree to which counterparties exercise their termination rights (or agreements terminate automatically) and the terms on which hedges can be replaced. All collateral and margin obligations are currently met. Collateral and margin posted by AFS totaled a net amount of ~~$111~~$165 million (cash and securities collateral of ~~$27~~$80 million and ~~$84~~$85 million, respectively), including independent amounts, under these contracts at March 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

Ambac Credit Products (“ACP”) is not required to post collateral under any of its outstanding credit derivative contracts.

BALANCE SHEET

Total assets ~~increased~~decreased by approximately ~~$434~~$542 million from December 31, ~~2018~~2019, to ~~$15,023~~$12,777 million at March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, primarily due to the ~~consolidation~~negative total return for the non-VIE investment portfolio caused by the economic effects of ~~one~~the COVID-19 pandemic and lower consolidated VIE ~~(causing an increase in~~ assets as a result of ~~$274 million)~~currency changes (strengthening of the US Dollar). Other significant changes during the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, were higher ~~VIE assets~~subrogation recoverables primarily related to increases in excess spread on RMBS as a result of ~~currency changes (strengthening of the British Pound) and gains~~lower interest rates, higher collateral receivable from ~~positive market value performance on invested assets, partially offset by~~derivative counterparties (within Other assets) and lower intangible assets ~~reductions~~ from ~~claim payments and other net cash used in operations.~~the continued runoff of the financial guarantee insurance portfolio.

Total liabilities ~~increased~~decreased by approximately ~~$401~~$68 million from December 31, ~~2018~~2019, to ~~$13,357~~$11,716 million as of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, primarily due to ~~the consolidation of one VIE (causing an increase in liabilities of $335 million). Other significant changes during the three months ended March 31, 2019, were higher~~lower consolidated VIE liabilities as a result of currency changes, as noted above, and ~~higher~~lower long-term debt plus accrued interest payable ~~on surplus notes,~~due to partial redemption of the Ambac Note, partially offset by ~~lower unearned premiums from the runoff of the insured portfolio, lower~~higher loss reserves ~~(from both claim payments~~ and ~~the elimination~~increases in interest rate derivative obligations as a result of ~~loss reserves from the newly consolidated VIE) and partial paydowns on the Ambac Note.~~reductions in forward interest rates.

As of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, total stockholders’ equity was ~~$1,666~~$1,062 million, compared with total stockholders’ equity of ~~$1,633~~$1,536 million at December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. This ~~increase~~decrease was primarily due to a Total Comprehensive ~~Income~~Loss during ~~2019,~~2020. The Comprehensive Loss was primarily driven ~~by unrealized gains on investment securities and translation gains related to Ambac's foreign subsidiaries partially offset~~ by the net loss attributable to common stockholders for the ~~period. Noncontrolling interests, which is included within total stockholders' equity, increased by $2.8~~three months ended March 31, 2020, of $280 million, ~~as a result~~unrealized losses on investment securities of $146 million and translation losses on the ~~re-issuance~~consolidation of ~~201 shares~~AFG's foreign subsidiaries of ~~Ambac owned Ambac Assurance AMPS. Ambac's remaining 1,185 shares of owned AMPS were re-issued in April 2019, which will result in an additional increase to noncontrolling interest of $16.1~~$46 million.

Investment Portfolio. Ambac Assurance’s investment objective is to achieve the highest risk-adjusted after-tax return on a diversified portfolio of primarily fixed income investments and pooled investment funds while employing asset/liability management practices to satisfy operating and strategic liquidity needs. Ambac Assurance’s investment portfolio is subject to internal investment guidelines and is subject to limits on types and quality of investments imposed by the insurance laws and regulations of the jurisdictions in which it is licensed, primarily the States of Wisconsin and New York. Such guidelines set forth minimum credit rating requirements and credit risk concentration limits. Within these guidelines, which in certain instances may be exceeded with the approval of the applicable regulatory authority, Ambac Assurance opportunistically purchases Ambac Assurance insured securities given their relative risk/reward characteristics. Ambac Assurance’s investment policies are subject to oversight

by OCI pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, the Stipulation and Order and the indenture for the Tier 2 Notes. The Board of Directors of Ambac Assurance approves any changes to Ambac Assurance's investment policy.

Ambac UK’s investment policy is designed with the primary objective of ensuring that Ambac UK is able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due, in particular with respect to policyholder claims. Ambac UK’s investment portfolio is primarily fixed income investments and diversified holdings of pooled investment funds. The portfolio is subject to internal investment guidelines and may be subject to limits on types and quality of investments imposed by the PRA as regulator of Ambac

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 582020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

UK. Ambac UK’s investment policy sets forth minimum credit rating requirements and concentration limits, among other restrictions. The Board of Directors of Ambac UK approves any changes or exceptions to Ambac UK’s investment policy.

~~Ambac Financial Group, Inc.'s~~AFG's investment portfolio's primary objective is to preserve capital and liquidity for strategic uses ~~including investments in securities issued by or guaranteed by Ambac Assurance,~~ while maximizing income.

Refer to Note 8. Investments to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 in this Form 10-Q for information about Ambac's consolidated investment portfolio. Ambac's investment ~~polices~~policies and objectives do not apply to the assets of VIEs consolidated as a result of financial guarantees written by its insurance subsidiaries.

The following table summarizes the composition of Ambac’s investment portfolio, excluding VIE investments, at carrying value at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018:~~2019:


($ in millions)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Fixed income securities	$	2,620	$	3,116	$	2,367	$	2,577
Short-term	908		430		586		653
Other investments	429		391		363		478
Fixed income securities pledged as collateral	84		—		85		85
Total investments ⁽¹⁾	$	4,041	$	3,937	$	3,400	$	3,792


(1)	Includes investments denominated in non-US dollar currencies with a fair value of ~~£209~~£238 ($~~272)~~295) and €28.7 ($31.6) as of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, and ~~£204~~£257 ($~~259)~~341) and €2 ($2) as of December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 58~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

Ambac invests in various asset classes in its fixed income securities portfolio, including securities covered by guarantees issued by Ambac Assurance and Ambac ~~UK.~~UK and other financial guarantors ("insured securities"). Other investments include diversified ~~equity~~ interests in pooled funds. Refer to Note 8. Investments to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 in this Form 10-Q for information about ~~securities~~ insured ~~by Ambac's subsidiaries~~securities and fixed income and ~~equity interests~~pooled funds by asset class.

The following table represents the fair value of ~~mortgage and~~ other asset-backed securities, included in fixed income securities above, at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 by classification:



($ in millions)	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Other asset-backed securities
Military Housing	224		237
Student Loans	27		32
Credit Cards	24		18
Auto	8		—
Total other asset-backed securities	$	283	$	287

($ in millions) March 31,
2019 December 31,
2018
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
RMBS—Second Lien $ 136
$ 136
RMBS—First-lien—Alt-A 92
93
RMBS—First Lien—Sub Prime 28
31
Total residential mortgage-backed securities 256
259
Other asset-backed securities
Military Housing 242
241
Structured Insurance 144
145
Student Loans 32
32
Credit Cards 15
5
Auto 7
20
Total other asset-backed securities 440
442
Total ⁽¹⁾
$ 696
$ 701


~~(1)~~	~~Includes investments guaranteed by Ambac Assurance and Ambac UK for both periods presented. Refer to Note 8. Investments to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 in this Form 10-Q for further details of Ambac insured securities held in the investment portfolio.~~

~~The weighted average rating, which is based on the lower of Standard & Poor’s or Moody’s ratings, of the mortgage and asset-backed securities is~~ CC ~~and~~ ~~CCC-~~ ~~as of March 31, 2019, and~~ CC ~~and~~ ~~CCC-~~ ~~as of December 31, 2018, respectively.~~

The following charts provide the ratings ⁽¹⁾ distribution of the fixed income investment portfolio based on fair value at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018:~~2019:


(1)	Ratings are based on the lower of Moody’s or S&P ratings. If ratings are unavailable from Moody's or S&P, Fitch ratings are used. If guaranteed, rating represents the higher of the underlying or guarantor’s financial strength rating.

(2)

Below investment grade and not rated bonds insured by Ambac represent ~~36%~~34% and ~~57%~~33% of the ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019 combined fixed income portfolio, respectively. The decrease in the percentage of below investment grade and increases in the percentages of not rated and AAA-rated holdings since December 31, 2018 were driven by the COFINA restructuring where BIG Ambac-insured bonds were exchanged for new COFINA non-rated bonds and cash, with a majority of the new non-rated bonds being sold prior to March 31, 2019. Cash proceeds from the restructuring and sales resulted in the higher percentage of AAA-rated short-term investments at March 31, 2019.

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 59~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

Premium Receivables. Ambac's premium receivables decreased to ~~$487~~$403 million at March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, from ~~$495~~$416 million at December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. As further discussed in Note 6. Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts, the decrease is due to premium receipts, changes to the allowance for credit losses and changes in foreign currencies, partially offset by changes in expected and contractual cash flows and accretion of premium receivable discount.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 592020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Premium receivables by payment currency were as follows:


Currency (Amounts in millions)	Premium Receivable in Payment Currency		Premium Receivable in U.S. Dollars		Premium Receivable in Payment Currency		Premium Receivable in U.S. Dollars
U.S. Dollars	$	315	$	315	$	250	$	250
British Pounds	£	109	142		£	103	128
Euros	€	27	30		€	22	24
Australian Dollars	A$	1	—
Total			$	487			$	403

Reinsurance Recoverable on Paid and Unpaid Losses. Ambac Assurance has reinsurance in place pursuant to surplus share treaty and facultative agreements. To minimize its exposure to losses from reinsurers, Ambac Assurance (i) monitors the financial condition of its reinsurers; (ii) is entitled to receive collateral from its reinsurance counterparties under certain reinsurance contracts; and (iii) has certain cancellation rights that can be exercised by Ambac Assurance in the event of rating agency downgrades of a reinsurer (among other events and circumstances). Ambac Assurance benefited from letters of credit and collateral amounting to approximately ~~$116.4~~$124 million from its reinsurers at March 31, ~~2019.~~2020. As of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses were ~~$27~~$36 million and ~~$23~~$26 million, respectively. The increase was primarily a result of ~~the~~ adverse development in public finance and student loan insured exposures.

Insurance Intangible Asset. ~~Upon Ambac's exit from Chapter 11 bankruptcy on May 1, 2013 (the~~At the Fresh Start Reporting ~~Date),~~Date, an insurance intangible asset was recorded which represented the difference between the fair value and aggregate carrying value of the financial guarantee insurance and reinsurance assets and

liabilities. As of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the net insurance intangible asset was ~~$689~~$406 million and ~~$719~~$427 million, respectively. Other than through amortization, variance in the insurance intangible asset is solely from translation gains (losses)

from the consolidation of Ambac's foreign subsidiary (Ambac UK).

Derivative Assets and Liabilities. The interest rate derivative portfolio is positioned to benefit from rising rates as a partial economic hedge against interest rate exposure in the financial guarantee ~~portfolio.~~and investment portfolios. Derivative assets increased from ~~$59~~$75 million at December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, to ~~$76~~$88 million as of March 31, ~~2019.~~2020. Derivative liabilities increased from ~~$77~~$90 million at December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, to ~~$87~~$137 million as of March 31, ~~2019.~~2020. The net increases resulted primarily from lower interest rates during the three months ended March 31, ~~2019.~~2019, with the effect on assets partially offset by higher counterparty credit adjustments.

Loss and Loss Expense Reserves and Subrogation Recoverable. Loss and loss expense reserves are based upon estimates of the ultimate aggregate losses inherent in the non-derivative portfolio for insurance policies issued to beneficiaries, including unconsolidated VIEs.

The evaluation process for determining the level of reserves is subject to certain estimates and judgments. Refer to the "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" and “Results of Operations” sections of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in addition to Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies and Loss Reserves sections included in Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies and Note 6. Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts, respectively, of the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 for further information on loss and loss expenses.

The loss and loss expense reserves, net of subrogation recoverables and before reinsurance as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, were ~~$(222)~~$(395) million and ~~$(107)~~$(482) million, respectively.

Loss and loss expense reserves are included in the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:


	Present Value of Expected Net Cash Flows					Unearned Premium Revenue			Gross Loss and Loss Expense Reserves				Present Value of Expected Net Cash Flows						Unearned Premium Revenue			Gross Loss and Loss Expense Reserves
($ in millions) Balance Sheet Line Item	Claims and Loss Expenses		Recoveries ⁽¹⁾						Gross Loss and Loss Expense Reserves			Claims and Loss Expenses			Recoveries ⁽¹⁾				Unearned Premium Revenue			Gross Loss and Loss Expense Reserves
March 31, 2019:						Unearned Premium Revenue
March 31, 2020:
Loss and loss expense reserves	$	2,046	$	(275	)	$	(77	)	$	1,694			$	2,112		$	(245	)	$	(70	)	$	1,797
Subrogation recoverable	175		(2,091		)	—			(1,916		)		135			(2,327		)	—			(2,192		)
Totals	$	2,221	$	(2,366	)	$	(77	)	$	(222	)		$	2,247		$	(2,572	)	$	(70	)	$	(395	)

December 31, 2018:
December 31, 2019:
Loss and loss expense reserves	$	2,246	$	(313	)	$	(107	)	$	1,826			$	1,835		$	(233	)	$	(54	)	$	1,548
Subrogation recoverable	176		(2,109		)	—			(1,933		)		131			(2,160		)	—			(2,029		)
Totals	$	2,422	$	(2,422	)	$	(107	)	$	(107	)		$	1,966		$	(2,394	)	$	(54	)	$	(482	)


(1)	Present value of future recoveries ~~include~~includes R&W subrogation recoveries of ~~$1,766~~$1,764 and ~~$1,771~~$1,727 at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 60 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Ambac has exposure to various bond types issued in the debt capital markets. Our experience has shown that, for the majority of bond types, we have not experienced significant claims. The bond types that have experienced significant claims, including through commutations, are residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), student loan securities and public finance ~~bond types.~~securities. These bond types represent 94% of our ever-to-date insurance claims recorded, with RMBS comprising ~~78%~~76%. The table below indicates gross par outstanding and the components of gross loss and loss expense reserves related to policies in Ambac’s gross loss and loss expense reserves at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018:~~2019:


	Gross Par Outstanding ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾			Present Value of Expected Net Cash Flows						Unearned Premium Revenue			Gross Loss and Loss Expense Reserves⁽¹⁾⁽³⁾				Gross Par Outstanding ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		Present Value of Expected Net Cash Flows					Unearned Premium Revenue			Gross Loss and Loss Expense Reserves⁽¹⁾⁽³⁾
($ in millions)			Claims and Loss Expenses			Recoveries				Unearned Premium Revenue						Claims and Loss Expenses			Recoveries					Unearned Premium Revenue			Gross Loss and Loss Expense Reserves⁽¹⁾⁽³⁾
March 31, 2019:	Gross Par Outstanding ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾												Gross Loss and Loss Expense Reserves⁽¹⁾⁽³⁾
March 31, 2020:																	Gross Par Outstanding ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾
RMBS	$	3,581		$	656		$	(1,992	)	$	(15	)	$	(1,351	)		$	2,871	$	728	$	(2,183	)	$	(13	)	$	(1,468	)
Domestic Public Finance	2,895			937			(333		)	(42		)	562				2,848		1,176		(353		)	(41		)	783
Student Loans	514			268			(38		)	(4		)	226				458		268		(37		)	(4		)	227
Ambac UK and Other Credits	1,128			277			(3		)	(16		)	258				869		20		—			(12		)	8
Loss expenses	—			83			—			—			83				—		55		—			—			55
Totals	$	8,118		$	2,221		$	(2,366	)	$	(77	)	$	(222	)		$	7,046	$	2,247	$	(2,572	)	$	(70	)	$	(395	)


December 31, 2018:
December 31, 2019:
RMBS	$	3,716	$	696	$	(1,995	)	$	(14	)	$	(1,313	)	$	3,027	$	634	$	(2,013	)	$	(13	)	$	(1,392	)
Domestic Public Finance	3,987		1,095		(383		)	(73		)	639			2,398		1,007		(344		)	(36		)	627
Student Loans	530		271		(39		)	(4		)	228			472		248		(36		)	(4		)	208
Ambac UK and Other Credits	1,170		294		(5		)	(16		)	273			271		4		—			(1		)	3
Loss expenses	—		66		—			—			66			—		73		—			—			73
Totals	$	9,403	$	2,422	$	(2,422	)	$	(107	)	$	(107	)	$	6,168	$	1,966	$	(2,394	)	$	(54	)	$	(482	)


(1)	Ceded par outstanding on policies with loss reserves and ceded loss and loss expense reserves are ~~$509~~$750 and $35 respectively, at March 31, 2020, and $511 and $26, respectively at ~~March 31, 2019, and $540 and $23, respectively at~~ December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. Ceded loss and loss expense reserves are included in Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses.


(2)	Gross Par Outstanding includes capital appreciation bonds, which are reported at the par amount at the time of issuance of the insurance policy as opposed to the current accreted value of the bond.


(3)	Loss reserves are included in the balance sheet as Loss and loss expense reserves or Subrogation recoverable dependent on if a policy is in a net liability or net recoverable position.

~~RMBS~~

~~Ambac has exposure to the U.S. mortgage market primarily through direct financial guarantees of RMBS, including transactions collateralized by first and second liens.~~

~~We established a representation and warranty subrogation recovery as further discussed in~~ ~~Note 6. Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts~~ to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 in this Form 10-Q. Our ability to realize RMBS representation and warranty recoveries is subject to significant uncertainty, including risks inherent in litigation, collectability of such amounts from counterparties (and/or their respective parents and affiliates), timing of receipt of any such recoveries, intervention by the OCI, which could impede our ability to take actions required to realize such recoveries and uncertainty inherent in the assumptions used in estimating such recoveries.

~~Public Finance~~

Ambac’s U.S. public finance portfolio consists predominantly of municipal bonds such as general and revenue obligations and lease and tax-backed obligations of state and local government entities; however, the portfolio also comprises a wide array of non-municipal types of bonds, including financings for not-for-profit entities and transactions with public and private elements, which generally finance infrastructure, housing and other public purpose facilities and interests. The decline in public finance gross loss reserves at March 31, 2019 as compared to December 31, 2018 was primarily related to the COFINA debt restructuring, payments of claims and the commutation of a transportation credit, partially offset by increases in Puerto Rico revenue bond loss reserves. Total public finance gross loss reserves and related gross par outstanding on Ambac insured obligations by bond type were as follows:

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 61~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
Issuer Type
($ in millions)
Gross Par
Outstanding ⁽¹⁾
Gross Loss
Reserves
Gross Par
Outstanding ⁽¹⁾
Gross Loss
Reserves
Lease and tax-backed $ 1,248
$ 455
$ 2,062
$ 528
General obligation 922
25
904
24
Housing 443
28
445
26
Transportation revenue 88
41
471
49
Other 194
13
105
12
Total $ 2,895
$ 562
$ 3,987
$ 639


~~(1)~~	~~Gross Par Outstanding includes capital appreciation bonds, which are reported at the par amount at the time of issuance of the insurance policy as opposed to the current accreted value of the bond.~~

Variability of Expected Losses and Recoveries

Ambac’s management believes that the estimated future loss component of loss reserves (present value of expected net cash flows) are adequate to cover future claims presented, but there can be no assurance that the ultimate liability will not be higher than such estimates.

It is possible that our estimated future losses for insurance policies discussed above could be understated or that our estimated future recoveries could be overstated. We have attempted to identify possible cash flows related to losses and recoveries using more stressful assumptions than the probability-weighted outcome recorded. The possible net cash flows consider the highest stress scenario that was utilized in the development of our probability-weighted expected loss at March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, and assumes an inability to execute any commutation transactions with issuers and/or investors. Such stress scenarios are developed based on management’s view about all possible outcomes relating to losses and recoveries. In arriving at such view, management makes considerable judgments about the possibility of various future events. Although we do not believe it is possible to have stressed outcomes in all cases, it is possible that we could have stress case outcomes in some or even many cases. See “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A as well as the ~~following~~ descriptions of "RMBS Variability," ~~"Public~~

"Public Finance Variability," "Student Loan Variability," and "Other Credits, including Ambac UK, Variability," in Part II, Item 7 of the Company's ~~2018~~2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion of the risks relating to future losses and recoveries that could result in more highly stressed outcomes, and in "Risk Factors" in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as the descriptions of "RMBS Variability," "Public Finance Variability," "Student Loan Variability," and "Other Credits, including Ambac UK, Variability" appearing below.

The occurrence of these stressed outcomes individually or collectively would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition and may result in materially adverse consequence for the Company, including (without limitation) impairing the ability of Ambac Assurance to honor its financial obligations; the initiation of rehabilitation proceedings against Ambac Assurance; decreased likelihood of Ambac Assurance delivering value to ~~Ambac,~~AFG, through dividends or otherwise; and a significant drop in the value of securities issued or insured by ~~Ambac~~AFG or Ambac Assurance.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 612020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

RMBS Variability:

Ambac has exposure to the U.S. mortgage market primarily through direct financial guarantees of RMBS, including transactions collateralized by first and second liens.

Changes to assumptions that could make our reserves under-estimated include an increase in interest rates, deterioration in housing prices, poor servicing, the effect of a weakened economy characterized by growing unemployment and wage ~~pressures, and/~~

~~or illiquidity of the mortgage market.~~pressures. We utilize a model to project losses in our RMBS exposures and changes to reserves, either upward or downward, are not unlikely if we used a different model or methodology to project losses.

We established a representation and warranty subrogation recovery as further discussed in Note 6. Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 in this Form 10-Q. Our ability to realize RMBS representation and warranty recoveries is subject to significant uncertainty, including risks inherent in litigation; collectability of such amounts from counterparties (and/or their respective parents and affiliates); delays in realizing such recoveries, including as a result of trial delays due to court closures related to COVID-19 or other events; intervention by the OCI, which could impede our ability to take actions required to realize such recoveries; and uncertainty inherent in the assumptions used in estimating such recoveries. Additionally, our R&W actual subrogation recoveries could be significantly lower than our estimate of ~~$1,740~~$1,738 million, net of reinsurance, as of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, if the sponsors of these transactions: (i) fail to honor their obligations to repurchase the mortgage loans, (ii) successfully dispute our breach findings or claims for damages, (iii) no longer have the financial means to fully satisfy their obligations under the transaction documents, or (iv) our pursuit of recoveries is otherwise unsuccessful. Failure to realize R&W subrogation recoveries for any reason or the realization of R&W subrogation recoveries materially below the amount recorded on Ambac's consolidated balance sheet would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

In the case of both first and second-lien exposures, the possible stress case assumes a lower housing price appreciation projection, which in turn drives higher defaults and severities. Using this approach, the possible increase in loss reserves for RMBS credits for which we have an estimate of expected loss at March 31, ~~2019~~2020 could be approximately ~~$40~~$25 million. Combined with the absence of any R&W subrogation recoveries, a possible increase in loss reserves for RMBS could be approximately ~~$1.8 billion.~~$1,763 million. Additionally, loss payments are sensitive to changes in interest rates, increasing as interest rates rise. For example an increase in interest rates of 0.50% could increase our estimate of expected losses by approximately $40 million. ~~There~~Additionally, the RMBS portfolio is sensitive to the COVID-19 related forbearances and delinquencies caused by the general economic downturn. Due to the uncertainties related to the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and other risks inherent associated with RMBS, there can be no assurance that losses may not exceed ~~such amounts.~~our stress case estimates.

Public Finance Variability:

Ambac’s U.S. public finance portfolio consists predominantly of municipal bonds such as general and revenue obligations and lease and tax-backed obligations of state and local government entities; however, the portfolio also includes a wide array of non-municipal types of bonds, including financings for not-for-profit entities and transactions with public and private elements, which generally finance infrastructure, housing and other public purpose facilities and interests. The increase in public finance gross loss reserves at March 31, 2020, as compared to December 31, 2019, was primarily related to declines in discount rates and the adverse impact on loss reserves from the global and issuer-specific economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Total public finance gross loss reserves and related gross par outstanding on Ambac insured obligations by bond type were as follows:



	March 31, 2020					December 31, 2019
Issuer Type ($ in millions)	Gross Par Outstanding ⁽¹⁾		Gross Loss Reserves			Gross Par Outstanding ⁽¹⁾		Gross Loss Reserves
Lease and tax-backed	$	1,380	$	694		$	1,075	$	561
General obligation	636		(17		)	681		(16		)
Housing	456		33			457		29
Transportation revenue	232		47			88		42
Other	144		26			97		11
Total	$	2,848	$	783		$	2,398	$	627


(1)	Gross Par Outstanding includes capital appreciation bonds, which are reported at the par amount at the time of issuance of the insurance policy as opposed to the current accreted value of the bond.

It is possible our loss reserves for public finance credits may be under-estimated if issuers are faced with prolonged exposure to adverse political, judicial, economic, fiscal or socioeconomic events or trends. Additionally, our loss reserves may be under-estimated as a result of the ultimate scope, duration and magnitude of the effects of COVID-19. The COVID-19 related economic downturn has put a strain on municipal issuers dependent upon narrow sources of revenues or dedicated taxes to support debt services, such as hotel occupancy taxes, sales taxes, parking

revenues, tolls, licensing fees, etc. A prolonged recovery from the COVID-19 related economic downturn could put additional stresses on these issuers as well as other types of municipal finance issuers and result in increased defaults and potential additional losses for Ambac.

Our experience with the city of Detroit in 2013 in its bankruptcy proceeding was not favorable and renders future outcomes with other public finance issuers even more difficult to predict and may

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 622020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

increase the risk that we may suffer losses that could be sizable. We agreed to settlements regarding our insured Detroit general obligation bonds that provide better treatment of our exposures than the city planned to include in its plan of adjustment, but nevertheless required us to incur a loss for a significant portion of our exposure. An additional troubling precedent in the Detroit case, as well as other municipal bankruptcies, is the preferential treatment of certain creditor classes, especially the public pensions. The cost of

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 62~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

pensions and the need to address frequently sizable unfunded or underfunded pensions is often a key driver of stress for many municipalities and their related authorities, including entities to whom we have significant exposure, such as ~~Chicago, its~~Chicago's school district, the State of New Jersey and many others. Less severe treatment of pension obligations in bankruptcy may lead to worse outcomes for traditional debt creditors.

Variability of outcomes applies to even what is generally considered more secure municipal financings, such as dedicated sales tax revenue bonds that capture sales tax revenues for debt service ahead of any amounts being deposited into the general fund of an issuer. In the case of the Puerto Rico COFINA sales tax bonds that were part of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico's Title III proceedings, Ambac Assurance and other creditors agreed to settle at a recovery rate equal to about 93% of ~~prepetition~~pre-petition amounts owed on the Ambac insured senior COFINA bonds. In the COFINA case, the senior bonds still received a reduction or "haircut" despite the existence of junior COFINA bonds, which received a recovery rate equal to about 56% of pre-petition amounts owed. ~~The amounts were confirmed as part of the COFINA Plan of Adjustment on February 4, 2019.~~

In addition, municipal entities may be more inclined to use bankruptcy to resolve their financial stresses if they believe preferred outcomes for various creditor groups can be achieved. We expect municipal bankruptcies and defaults to continue to be challenging to project given the unique political, economic, fiscal, legal, governance and public policy differences among municipalities as well as the complexity, long duration and relative infrequency of the cases themselves in forums with a scarcity of legal precedent.

Another potentially adverse development that could cause the loss reserves on our public finance credits to be underestimated is deterioration in the municipal bond market, resulting from reduced or limited access to alternative forms of credit (such as bank loans) or other exogenous factors, such as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that was signed into law on December 22, 2017, which could ~~potentially~~ reduce certain municipal ~~investor~~investors' appetite for tax-exempt municipal bonds ~~by corporate investors~~ and over the longer term could potentially put additional pressure on issuers in states with high state and local taxes. These factors as well as more recent volatility in the municipal markets as a result of the COVID-19 related economic downturn and the building budgetary pressures at the state and local level related to the cost of fighting the virus could deprive issuers access to funding at a level necessary to avoid defaulting on their obligations.

In addition, a ~~more recent~~ judicial decision in connection with the PRHTA Title III proceedings could cause the loss reserves on our public finance credits to be underestimated. On January 13, 2020, the U.S. Supreme Court denied a petition for certiorari arising out of an appeal to the March 26, 2019 ruling by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. In the ruling, the First Circuit ~~affirming a~~affirmed the decision by the U.S. District Court overseeing the PROMESA Title III proceedings for the PRHTA, which found that under Sections 928(a) and 922(d) of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, municipal issuers

of revenue bonds secured by special revenues are permitted, but not required, to apply special revenues to pay debt service on such revenue bonds during the pendency of bankruptcy proceedings for such municipal issuers. The complainants had sought an order compelling PRHTA, as the debtor, to continue to make debt service payments on its revenue bonds from pledged special revenues during the pendency of its Title III case, but the First Circuit affirmed the District Court’s dismissal of the complaint, holding that it could not compel the issuer to make such payments. The First Circuit's decision challenges what had been a commonly understood notion in the municipal finance marketplace that municipal revenues

bondholders secured by special revenues (as defined in Chapter 9 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code) would continue to receive payment during a bankruptcy of the municipal issuer. This decision introduces ~~significant~~ uncertainty into the public finance market and it may make it more difficult for municipal instrumentalities to procure revenue bond financings in the future and increases the credit risk to bondholders of existing special revenue bonds, particularly those from weaker issuers. ~~In the wake of the decision, rating agencies have announced their intention to review ratings given to bonds issued across the country, highlighting the potential contagion effect of Puerto Rico.~~

While our loss reserves consider our judgment regarding issuers’ financial flexibility to adapt to adverse markets, they may not adequately capture sudden, unexpected or protracted uncertainty that adversely affects market ~~conditions.~~conditions, such as the developing COVID-19 related economic downturn.

Our exposures to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico are under stress arising from the Commonwealth’s poor financial condition, weak economy, loss of capital markets access and the severe damage caused by hurricanes Irma and Maria. These factors, taken together with the payment moratorium on debt payments of the Commonwealth and its instrumentalities, ongoing PROMESA Title III proceedings, and certain other provisions under PROMESA, the potential for ~~a restructuring~~restructurings of debt insured by Ambac Assurance, either with or without its consent, and the possibility of protracted litigation as a result of which its rights may be materially impaired, may cause losses to exceed current reserves in a material manner. See "Financial Guarantees in Force" section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Part II, Item 7 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 for further details on the legal, economic and fiscal developments that have impacted or may impact Ambac Assurance’s insured Puerto Rico bonds. In this Form 10-Q, refer to "Financial Guarantees in Force" in Part I, Item 2 in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation and Note ~~12.~~11. Commitments and Contingencies to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for further updates related to Puerto Rico.

Material additional losses on our public finance credits caused by the ~~above-described~~aforementioned factors and including the possibility of a protracted recovery related to the COVID-19 crisis would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. For the public finance credits, including Puerto Rico, ~~as well as other issuers,~~ for which we have an estimate of expected loss at March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, the possible increase in loss reserves could be approximately ~~$950~~$1,220 million. However, there can be no assurance that losses may not exceed such amount. Among other things, this estimate includes the possibility that the amended Commonwealth plan of adjustment (as discussed above in the Financial Guarantees in Force section of this Management Discussion and Analysis) were to become effective.

Student Loan Variability:

Changes to assumptions that could make our reserves under-estimated include, but are not limited to, increases in interest rates, default rates and loss severities on the collateral due to economic

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 632020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

or other ~~factors.~~factors, including the COVID-19 related economic downturn. Such factors may include lower recoveries on defaulted loans or additional losses on collateral or trust assets, including as a result of any enforcement actions by the Consumer Finance Protection Bureau. For student loan credits for which we have an estimate of expected loss at March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, the possible increase in loss reserves could be approximately ~~$20~~$35 million. Additionally, an increase in interest rates of 0.50% could increase our estimate of expected losses by approximately $20 million.

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 63~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

~~However, there~~ Additionally, the student loan portfolio is sensitive to COVID-19 related payment moratoriums and delinquencies caused by the general economic downturn. There can be no assurance that losses may not exceed ~~such amounts.~~our stress case estimates.

Other Credits, including Ambac UK, Variability:

It is possible our loss reserves on other types of credits, including those insured by Ambac UK, may be under-estimated because of various risks that vary widely, including the risk that we may not be able to recover or mitigate losses through our remediation processes. For all other credits, including Ambac UK, for which we have an estimate of expected loss, the sum of all the highest stress case loss scenarios is approximately ~~$180~~$400 million greater than the loss reserves at March 31, ~~2019. However, there~~2020. Additionally, our loss reserves may be under-estimated as a result of the ultimate scope, duration and magnitude of the effects of COVID-19. There can be no assurance that losses may not exceed ~~such amount.~~our stress case estimates.

Long-term Debt:

Long-term debt consists of senior and junior surplus notes issued by Ambac Assurance, ~~and~~ the Ambac Note and Tier 2 Notes issued in connection with the Rehabilitation Exit ~~Transactions.~~Transactions, and Ambac UK debt issued in connection with the 2019 Ballantyne commutation. The carrying value of each of these as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 is below:


($ in millions)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Surplus notes(1)	$	744	$	737	$	778	$	769
Ambac note	1,927		1,940		1,685		1,763
Tier 2 notes	258		252		284		278
Ambac UK debt					13		13
Total Long-term Debt	$	2,929	$	2,929	$	2,760	$	2,822


(1)	Includes junior surplus notes.

The ~~increase~~decrease in long-term debt from December 31, ~~2018~~2019 is primarily due to optional redemptions of $77 million of the Ambac Note, partially offset by the accretion on the carrying value of surplus notes, ~~and~~ Tier 2 Notes ~~partially offset by the optional redemptions of $13 million of the~~and Ambac ~~Note.~~UK debt.

VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

Please refer to Note 3. Variable Interest Entities to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 in this Form 10-Q and Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies and Note 3. ~~Special Purpose Entities, Including~~ Variable Interest Entities to the Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part II, Item 8 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, for information regarding ~~special purpose and~~ variable interest entities.

ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

The following accounting standards have been issued but have not yet been adopted. We do not expect these standards to have a consequential impact on Ambac's financial statements.

Defined Benefit and Other Postretirement Plans Disclosures

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Subtopic 715-20) - Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans. The ASU modifies various disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. Relevant disclosures that will be removed are: i) amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized as net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year and ii) the effects of a one percentage point change in assumed health care cost trend rates on the (a) aggregate of the service and interest cost components of the net periodic pension cost and (b) benefit obligation for postretirement healthcare benefits. Relevant disclosures that will be added are an explanation of the reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligations for the period. The ASU is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The modified disclosures must be applied on a retrospective basis for all periods presented. Ambac will adopt this ASU on December 31, 2020

Simplifying Income Tax Accounting

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The FASB issued this ASU as part of its initiative to reduce complexity in accounting standards. The ASU removes certain exceptions in the guidance related to investments, intraperiod allocations and interim period allocations. It further adds new guidance related to the allocation of consolidated income taxes and evaluating a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The modified disclosures must be applied on a retrospective basis for all periods presented. Ambac will adopt this ASU on January 1, 2021.

Please refer to Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies to the ~~Unaudited~~ Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part I,II, Item 18 in ~~this~~the Company’s Annual Report on Form ~~10-Q,~~10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, for a discussion of the impact of other recent accounting pronouncements on Ambac’s financial condition and results of operations.

AMBAC ASSURANCE STATUTORY BASIS FINANCIAL RESULTS

Ambac Assurance statutory financial statements are prepared on the basis of accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the OCI. OCI recognizes only statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the State of Wisconsin (“SAP”) for determining and reporting the financial condition and results of operations of an insurance company for determining its solvency under Wisconsin Insurance Law. The National Association of

Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) Accounting Practices and Procedures manual (“NAIC SAP”) has been adopted as a component of prescribed practices by the State of Wisconsin. For further information, see "Ambac Assurance Statutory Basis

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 642020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Financial Results," in Part II, Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and Note 8. Insurance Regulatory Restrictions to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

Ambac Assurance’s statutory policyholder surplus and qualified statutory capital (defined as the sum of policyholders surplus and mandatory contingency reserves) were ~~$1,084~~$930 million and ~~$1,601~~$1,465 million at March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, respectively, as compared to ~~$1,152~~$1,088 million and ~~$1,648~~$1,618 million at December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. As of March 31, 2020, statutory policyholder surplus and qualified statutory capital included $574 million principal balance of surplus notes outstanding, $365 million principal balance of junior surplus notes outstanding and $138 million liquidation preference of preferred stock outstanding. These surplus and junior surplus notes (including related accrued interest of $489 million that is not recorded under statutory basis accounting principles), preferred stock issued by Ambac Assurance and all other liabilities (including insurance claims and debt issued by Ambac Assurance) are obligations that have claims on the resources of Ambac Assurance that are senior to AFG's equity and therefore impact AFG's ability to realize residual value or receive dividends from Ambac Assurance.

The drivers to the net decrease in policyholder surplus ~~were:~~

~~Statutory~~are primarily due to a (i) statutory net loss of ~~$63~~$93 million ~~attributable to loss and loss expenses, primarily due to adverse development on Puerto Rico credits, including~~for the ~~COFINA settlement, partially offset by investment income and premiums earned;~~

~~Contributions to contingency reserves;~~

~~Partially offset by increases~~three months ended March 31, 2020; (ii) decrease of ~~$16~~$35 million from declines in the fair value of investment securities that are recorded at the lower of amortized cost or fair ~~value.~~

~~Surplus notes, the Ambac Note, the Tier 2 Notes~~value; (iii) decrease of $21 million from net losses on pooled fund investments; and ~~preferred stock issued by Ambac Assurance, are obligations that have claims on the resources~~(iv) contributions to contingency reserves of ~~Ambac Assurance which impact Ambac's ability to realize residual value from its equity in Ambac Assurance.~~$5 million.

Ambac Assurance statutory surplus is sensitive to multiple factors, including: (i) loss reserve development, (ii) approval by OCI of payments on surplus notes and junior surplus notes, (iii) ongoing interest costs associated with the Ambac Note and Tier 2 Notes, including changes to interest rates as the Ambac Note is a floating rate obligation, (iv) deterioration in the financial position of Ambac Assurance subsidiaries that have their obligations guaranteed by Ambac Assurance, (v) first time payment defaults of insured obligations, which increase statutory loss reserves, (vi) commutations of insurance policies or credit derivative contracts at amounts that differ from the amount of liabilities recorded, (vii) reinsurance contract terminations at amounts that differ from net assets recorded, (viii) changes to the fair value of investments carried at fair value and investment impairments, (ix) settlements of representation and warranty breach claims at amounts that differ from amounts recorded, including failures to collect such amounts or receive recoveries sufficient to pay or redeem the Ambac Note and Tier 2 Notes, (x) realized gains and losses, including losses arising from other than temporary impairments of investment securities, and (xi) future changes to prescribed practices by the OCI.

AMBAC UK FINANCIAL RESULTS UNDER UK ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES

Ambac UK is required to prepare financial statements under FRS 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland." Ambac UK’s shareholder funds under UK GAAP were ~~£283~~£380 million at March 31, ~~2019~~2020, as compared to ~~£263~~

£387 million at December 31, ~~2018. The increase in shareholders’~~

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 64~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

~~funds was primarily due to a reduction in loss provisions over the period coupled with the receipt of premiums and investment return on fixed income and other investments.~~2019. At March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, the carrying value of cash and investments was ~~£503~~£464 million, ~~an increase~~a decrease from ~~£498~~£470 million at December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. The ~~increase~~decrease in shareholders’ funds and cash ~~and~~& investments iswas primarily due to losses in the period within Ambac UK's investment portfolio, offset by foreign exchange gains and the continued receipt of ~~premiums and net investment income as noted above offset to some extent by unrealized foreign exchange losses.~~premiums.

Ambac UK is also required to prepare financial information in accordance with the Solvency II Directive. The basis of preparation of this information is significantly different from both US GAAP and UK GAAP.

Available capital resources under Solvency II were a surplus of ~~£101~~£163 million at March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, of which ~~£95~~£149 million were eligible to meet solvency capital requirements. This is ~~an improvement~~a reduction from December 31, ~~2018~~2019, when available capital resources were a surplus of ~~£95~~£188 million of which ~~£90~~£178 million were eligible to meet solvency capital requirements. The eligible capital resources at March 31, ~~2019~~2020, and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, were in comparison to regulatory capital requirements of ~~£358~~£243 million and ~~£357~~£208 million respectively. Ambac UK is therefore deficient in terms of compliance with applicable regulatory capital requirements by ~~£263~~£94 million and ~~£267~~£30 million at March 31, ~~2019~~2020, and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. The deficit increased as at March 31, 2020 due to an increase in regulatory capital requirements for non-life insurers in the credit and surety line of business and due to a reduction eligible assets mainly caused by the fall over the period in long term discount rates. The regulators are aware of the deficiency in capital resources as compared to capital requirements and dialogue between Ambac UK management and its regulators remains ongoing with respect to options for addressing the shortcoming, although such options remain few.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

In addition to reporting the Company’s quarterly financial results in accordance with GAAP, the Company currently reports two non-GAAP financial measures: Adjusted Earnings and Adjusted Book Value. The most directly comparable GAAP measures are net income attributable to common stockholders for Adjusted ~~earnings~~Earnings and Total Ambac Financial Group, Inc. stockholders’ equity for Adjusted Book Value. A non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of financial performance or financial position that excludes (or includes) amounts that are included in (or excluded from) the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. We are presenting these non-GAAP financial measures because they provide greater transparency and enhanced visibility into the underlying drivers of our business. Adjusted Earnings and Adjusted Book Value are not substitutes for the Company’s GAAP reporting, should not be viewed in isolation and may differ from similar reporting provided

by other companies, which may define non-GAAP measures differently.

Ambac has a significant U.S. tax net operating loss (“NOL”) that is offset by a full valuation allowance in the GAAP consolidated financial statements. As a result of this and other considerations, we utilized a 0% effective tax rate for non-GAAP adjustments; which is subject to change.

The following paragraphs define each non-GAAP financial measure and describe why it is useful. A reconciliation of the ~~non-GAAP~~non-

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 652020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

GAAP financial measure and the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is also presented below.

Adjusted Earnings (Loss). Adjusted Earnings (Loss) is defined as net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders, as reported under GAAP, adjusted on an after-tax basis for the following:

•

Non-credit impairment fair value (gain) loss on credit derivatives: Elimination of the non-credit impairment fair value gains (losses) on credit derivatives, which is the amount in excess of the present value of the expected estimated credit losses. Such fair value adjustments are affected by, and in part fluctuate with changes in market factors such as interest rates and credit spreads, including the market’s perception of Ambac’s credit risk (“Ambac CVA”), and are not expected to result in an economic gain or loss. These adjustments allow for all financial guarantee contracts to be accounted for consistent with the Financial Services – Insurance Topic of ASC, whether or not they are subject to derivative accounting rules.

•

Insurance intangible amortization: Elimination of the amortization of the financial guarantee insurance intangible asset that arose as a result of Ambac’s emergence from bankruptcy and the implementation of Fresh Start reporting. This adjustment ensures that all financial guarantee contracts are accounted for consistent with the provisions of the Financial Services – Insurance Topic of the ASC.

•

Foreign exchange (gains) losses: Elimination of the foreign exchange gains (losses) on the re-measurement of assets, liabilities and transactions in non-functional currencies. This adjustment eliminates the foreign exchange gains (losses) on all assets, liabilities and transactions in non-functional currencies, which enables users of our financial statements to better view the results without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and facilitates period-to-period comparisons of Ambac's operating performance.

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 65~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

The following table reconciles net income attributable to common stockholders to the non-GAAP measure, Adjusted Earnings on a dollar amount and per diluted share basis, for all periods presented:


	Three Months Ended March 31,												Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019						2018						2020						2019
($ in millions, except share data)	$ Amount			Per Diluted Share			$ Amount			Per Diluted Share			$ Amount			Per Diluted Share			$ Amount			Per Diluted Share
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	(43	)	$	(0.94	)	$	306		$	6.70		$	(280	)	$	(6.07	)	$	(43	)	$	(0.94	)
Adjustments:
Non-credit impairment fair value (gain) loss on credit derivatives	—			(0.01		)	—			0.01			2			0.03			—			(0.01		)
Insurance intangible amortization	36			0.79			29			0.63			13			0.29			36			0.79
Foreign exchange (gains) losses	(2		)	(0.04		)	(5		)	(0.12		)	—			—			(2		)	(0.04		)
Adjusted earnings (loss)	$	(9	)	$	(0.20	)	$	330		$	7.22		$	(265	)	$	(5.75	)	$	(9	)	$	(0.20	)

Adjusted Book Value. Adjusted Book Value is defined as Total Ambac Financial Group, Inc. stockholders’ equity as reported under GAAP, adjusted for after-tax impact of the following:

•

Non-credit impairment fair value losses on credit derivatives: Elimination of the non-credit impairment fair value loss on credit derivatives, which is the amount in excess of the present value of the expected estimated economic credit loss. GAAP fair values are affected by, and in part fluctuate with, changes in market factors such as interest rates, credit spreads, including Ambac’s CVA that are not expected to result in an economic gain or loss. These adjustments allow for all financial guarantee contracts to be accounted for within Adjusted Book Value consistent with the provisions of the Financial Services—Insurance Topic of the ASC, whether or not they are subject to derivative accounting rules.


•	Insurance intangible asset: Elimination of the financial guarantee insurance intangible asset that arose as a result of Ambac’s emergence from bankruptcy and the implementation of Fresh Start reporting. This adjustment ensures that all financial guarantee contracts are accounted for within Adjusted Book Value consistent with the provisions of the Financial Services—Insurance Topic of the ASC.

•

Net unearned premiums and fees in excess of expected losses: Addition of the value of the unearned premium revenue ("UPR") on financial guarantee contracts, in excess of expected losses, net of reinsurance. This non-GAAP adjustment presents the economics of UPR and expected losses for financial guarantee contracts on a consistent basis. In accordance with GAAP, stockholders’ equity reflects a reduction for expected losses only to the extent they exceed UPR. However, when expected losses are less than UPR for a financial guarantee contract, neither expected losses nor UPR have an impact on stockholders’ equity. This non-GAAP adjustment adds UPR in excess of expected losses, net of reinsurance, to stockholders’ equity for financial guarantee contracts where expected losses are less than UPR.

•

Net unrealized investment (gains) losses in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income: Elimination of the unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s investments that are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). The AOCI component of the fair value adjustment on the investment portfolio may differ from realized gains and losses ultimately recognized by the Company based on the Company’s investment strategy. This adjustment only allows for such gains and losses in Adjusted Book Value when realized.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 662020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

The following table reconciles Total Ambac Financial Group, Inc. stockholders’ equity to the non-GAAP measure Adjusted Book Value on a dollar amount and per share basis, for all periods presented:


	March 31, 2019						December 31, 2018						March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
($ in millions, except share data)	$ Amount			Per Share			$ Amount			Per Share			$ Amount			Per Share			$ Amount			Per Share
Total Ambac Financial Group, Inc. stockholders’ equity	$	1,622		$	35.63		$	1,592		$	35.12		$	1,002		$	21.88		$	1,477		$	32.41
Adjustments:
Non-credit impairment fair value losses on credit derivatives	1			0.02			1			0.03			2			0.04			—			0.01
Insurance intangible asset	(689		)	(15.13		)	(719		)	(15.87		)	(406		)	(8.87		)	(427		)	(9.37		)
Net unearned premiums and fees in excess of expected losses	461			10.12			462			10.19			420			9.17			414			9.09
Net unrealized investment (gains) losses in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	(142		)	(3.12		)	(86		)	(1.89		)	(5		)	(0.11		)	(151		)	(3.31		)
Adjusted book value	$	1,253		$	27.52		$	1,251		$	27.58		$	1,012		$	22.11		$	1,313		$	28.83

The ~~increase~~decrease in Adjusted Book Value was primarily attributable to ~~changes to foreign exchange rates and the impact of lower interest rates on the value of expected installment premiums, partially offset by the~~ Adjusted ~~Loss~~Earnings for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019.~~2020, and the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates resulting from the strengthening of the US Dollar.

Factors that impact changes to Adjusted Book Value include many of the same factors that impact Adjusted Earnings, including the majority of revenues and expenses, but generally exclude components of premium earnings since they are embedded in prior period's Adjusted Book Value through the net unearned premiums and fees in excess of expected losses adjustment. Net unearned

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 66~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

premiums and fees in excess of expected losses will affect Adjusted Book Value for (i) changes to future premium assumptions (e.g. expected term, interest rates, foreign currency rates, time ~~passage) and~~passage, (ii) changes to expected losses for policies which do not exceed their related unearned ~~premiums.~~premiums and (iii) new reinsurance transactions.


Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market risk represents the potential for losses that may result from changes in the value of a financial instrument as a result of changes in market conditions. The primary market risks that would impact the value of Ambac’s financial instruments are interest rate risk, credit spread risk and foreign currency risk. As a result of declines in interest rates and increases in credit spreads during the ~~February 12, 2019 COFINA commutation transaction, as of~~three months ended March 31, ~~2019 Ambac's investment portfolio contains a lower amount of Ambac-insured securities. Reallocation~~2020, related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, along with portfolio ~~composition following this commutation has changed our disclosures relating to~~adjustments during the period, the sensitivities of ~~interest rates compared to that~~Ambac's financial instruments have changed from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

Interest Rate Risk:

Financial instruments for which fair value may be affected by changes in interest rates consist primarily of fixed income investment securities, long-term debt and interest rate derivatives. Fixed income investment securities that are guaranteed by Ambac have interest rate risk characteristics that behave inversely to those associated with future financial guarantee claim payments. Accordingly, such securities are excluded from the interest rate sensitivity table ~~below.~~that follows. Financial instruments of VIEs that are consolidated as a result of Ambac financial guarantees are also excluded from Ambac's measures of interest rate risk. Changes in fair value resulting from changes in interest rates are driven primarily by the impact of interest rate shifts on the fixed income

investment portfolio (which produce net fair value losses as rates increase) ~~and~~, long-term debt and the interest rate derivatives portfolio (which produce net fair value gains as rates increase). Interest rate increases would also have a negative economic impact on expected future claim payments within the financial guarantee portfolio, primarily related to RMBS and student loan ~~credits.~~policies. Ambac performs scenario testing to measure the potential for losses in volatile markets. These scenario tests include parallel and non-parallel shifts in the benchmark interest rate curve.

The interest rate derivatives portfolio is managed as a partial economic hedge against the effects of rising interest rates elsewhere in the Company, including on Ambac's financial guarantee exposures (the "macro-hedge"). ~~The~~At March 31, 2020, the interest rate sensitivity of the interest rate derivatives portfolio attributable to the macro-hedge position would produce mark-to-market gains or losses of approximately ~~$0.8~~$0.1 million for a 1 basis point parallel shift in USD benchmark interest rates up or down at March 31, 2020. This sensitivity is down from $0.4 million per 1 basis point shift at December 31, 2019.

The following table summarizes the estimated change in fair value (based primarily on the valuation methodology discussed in Note 7. Fair Value Measurements to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 in this Form 10-Q) on these financial instruments, assuming immediate changes in interest rates at specified levels at March 31, ~~2019:~~2020:


($ in millions)	Estimated Change in Net Fair Value			Estimated Net Fair Value			Estimated Change in Net Fair Value			Estimated Net Fair Value
300 basis point rise	$	137		$	(152	)	$	(4	)	$	(310	)
200 basis point rise	88			(201		)	(2		)	(308		)
100 basis point rise	42			(247		)	6			(300		)
Base scenario	—			(289		)	—			(306		)
100 basis point decline⁽¹⁾	(41		)	(330		)	23			(283		)
200 basis point decline⁽¹⁾	(84		)	(373		)	47			(259		)


(1)	Incorporates an interest rate floor of 0%.

Due to the low interest rate environment as of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, stress scenarios involving interest rate declines greater than 200 basis points are not meaningful to Ambac's portfolios.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 672020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Credit Spread Risk

Financial instruments that may be adversely affected by changes in credit spreads include Ambac’s outstanding credit derivative contracts, certain interest rate derivatives and investment assets. Changes in spreads are generally caused by changes in the market’s perception of the credit quality of the underlying obligor. Market liquidity and prevailing risk premiums demanded by market participants are also reflected in spreads and impact valuations.

The following table summarizes the estimated change in fair values on Ambac’s net derivative liabilities assuming immediate parallel shifts in reference obligation credit spreads related to written credit derivatives and counterparty credit spreads related to uncollateralized interest rate derivatives at March 31, 2020. It is more likely that actual changes in credit spreads will vary by obligor:



($ in millions)	Estimated Change in Net Fair Value			Estimated Net Fair Value
250 Basis Point Widening	$	(22	)	$	(71	)
50 Basis Point Widening	(5		)	(54		)
Base Scenario	—			(49		)
50 basis Point Narrowing	5			(44		)
250 basis Point Narrowing	23			(26		)

Also included in the fair value of derivatives is the effect of Ambac’s creditworthiness, which reflects market perception of Ambac’s ability to meet its obligations. Generally, the need for an Ambac credit valuation adjustment is mitigated by the existence of collateral posting agreements under which adequate collateral has been posted. Derivative contracts entered into with credit exposure to financial guarantee customers are not typically subject to collateral posting agreements. As a result of runoff of uncollateralized interest rate and credit default swap liabilities, Ambac’s credit valuation adjustment included in the determination of fair value has resulted in $0.1 million reduction to derivative liabilities as of March 31, 2020. Refer to Note 7. Fair Value Measurements to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 in this Form 10-Q for further information on measurement of the credit valuation adjustment.

Ambac’s fixed income investment portfolio contains securities with different sensitivities to and volatility of credit spreads. Fixed income securities that are guaranteed by Ambac and were purchased in Ambac's investment portfolio have credit spread risk characteristics that behave inversely to those associated with future financial guarantee claim payments. Accordingly such securities are excluded from the company's spread sensitivity measures. The following table summarizes the estimated change in fair values of Ambac’s fixed income investment portfolio assuming immediate shifts in credit spreads across all holdings other than Ambac guaranteed securities at March 31, 2020. It is more likely that actual changes in credit spreads will vary by security:



($ in millions)	Estimated Change in Net Fair Value			Estimated Net Fair Value
250 Basis Point Widening	$	(146	)	$	1,998
50 Basis Point Widening	(29		)	2,115
Base Scenario	—			2,144
50 Basis Point Narrowing	29			2,173
250 Basis Point Narrowing	129			2,273


Item 4.	Controls and Procedures.

In connection with the preparation of this first quarter Form 10-Q, an evaluation was carried out by Ambac’s management, with the participation of Ambac’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of Ambac’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives. Based on its evaluation, Ambac’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, Ambac’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. We have not experienced any significant change to our internal controls over financial reporting despite the fact that our employees are working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We are continually monitoring and assessing the COVID-19 situation on our internal controls to minimize the impact on their design and operating effectiveness.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION


Item 1.	Legal Proceedings

Please refer to Note ~~12.~~11. Commitments and Contingencies of the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements located in Part I, Item 1 in this Form 10-Q and Note ~~16.~~17: Commitments and Contingencies in Part II, Item 8 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 for a discussion on legal proceedings against Ambac and its subsidiaries.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 6768 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

Item 1A. Risk Factors

You should carefully consider the risk factors set forth in the “Risk Factors” section, Item 1A to Part I in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, which are hereby incorporated by reference. These important factors may cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated by our forward-looking statements, including those contained in this report. Please also see the section entitled “Cautionary Statement Pursuant to the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995” in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. There have been no material changes to the risk factors we have disclosed in the “Risk Factors” section of our aforementioned Annual Report on Form 10-K, other than as described ~~below:~~below.

Risks Related to Insured Portfolio Losses

~~Certain judicial decisions related~~Catastrophic public health events like the COVID-19 pandemic that result in material disruption of economic activity can have a materially negative impact on the financial performance of issuers of public finance obligations and issuers of structured finance obligations. Such stresses could result in liquidity claims and/or permanent losses on obligations of those issuers insured by Ambac.

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting containment measures have caused economic and financial disruptions that have adversely affected, and are expected to ~~the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico's PROMESA Title III proceedings may~~continue to materially adversely affect, our ~~Public Finance insured portfolio~~

~~On March 26, 2019,~~business and results of operations. Ambac insures the ~~U.S. Court~~obligations of ~~Appeals for~~a number of issuers that have been, or may in the ~~First Circuit, affirming a decision~~future be, substantially affected by the ~~U.S. District Court overseeing the PROMESA Title III proceedings for the Puerto Rico Highways~~economic effects of COVID-19, such as municipalities and ~~Transportation Authority (“PRHTA”), found that under Sections 928(a)~~securitizations, including those backed by consumer loans such as mortgages or student loans. As described more fully in Management's Discussion and ~~922(d)~~Analysis of ~~the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, municipal issuers~~Financial Condition and Results of Operations, municipalities and their authorities, agencies and instrumentalities, especially those dependent on narrow revenue ~~bonds secured by special revenues~~streams flowing from particular economic activities, have suffered, and are permitted, but not required, to apply special revenues to pay debt service on such revenue bonds during the pendency of bankruptcy proceedings for such municipal issuers. The complainants had sought an order compelling PRHTA, as the debtor,expected to continue to ~~make~~suffer, from severely depressed revenues due to shelter-in-place orders, social distancing guidelines, travel bans and restrictions, and business shutdowns and an economic recession brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, securitizations dependent on cash flows from payments on mortgage loans, student loans or other assets have experienced, and are expected to continue to experience, shortfalls in receipts due to borrower nonpayments. See Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,Executive Summary, Financial Guarantees in Force, and Balance Sheet Commentary for further detail.

The U.S. Federal government and other governments globally have taken certain measures to aid consumers, businesses, State and local governments, and the financial markets, but the impact of such aid remains unclear. U.S. Federal and State governments and their agencies have also adopted policies or guidelines to provide emergency relief to consumers, such as limiting debt collections efforts and encouraging or requiring extensions, modifications or forbearance, with respect to certain loans and fees. Such policies or guidelines may be expanded over time as the economic effects of the pandemic become more well known. To the extent such measures cause greater incidences of missed mortgage loan,

student loan or other debt service payments than would have occurred without governmental intervention, Ambac may experience higher losses in its insured portfolio of asset-backed securities.

The ultimate impact of a catastrophic public health event like COVID-19 on issuers and their obligations, and the economy in general, is by its ~~revenue bonds from pledged special revenues during~~very nature uncertain, and will be determined by a number of factors including, but not limited to, the ~~pendency of its Title III case, but the First Circuit affirmed the District Court’s dismissal~~depth and duration of the ~~complaint, holding that it~~crisis; the extent to which affected consumers, businesses, municipal entities and other debtors or sources of revenues recover from depressed economic circumstances, and the timelines for such recoveries; the level and efficacy of government support for municipal entities, consumers, businesses and the financial markets via emergency relief measures; the level and efficacy of state and local government support for consumers and businesses; the impact of governmental intervention; management of public health crisis remediation efforts; and certain socio-economic variables, such as unemployment levels. Consequently, if issuers do not have sufficient resources or financial flexibility, receive adequate measures of support or realize the appropriate level of economic recovery, their ultimate ability to service the debt insured by Ambac could ~~not compel~~be materially impaired and Ambac could suffer material permanent losses.

At this time, there are significant uncertainties surrounding the ~~issuer to make such payments. The First Circuit's decision challenges what had been~~ultimate number of claims and the extent of losses Ambac will face as a ~~commonly understood notion in the municipal finance marketplace that municipal revenues bondholders secured by special revenues (as defined in Chapter 9~~result of the ~~U.S. Bankruptcy Code) would continue to receive payment during a bankruptcy~~economic effects of the municipal issuer. Although the First Circuit’s decision covers only Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Puerto Rico and Rhode Island, it introduces significant uncertainty into the public finance market,COVID-19 pandemic. Actual losses may make it more difficult for municipal instrumentalities to procure revenue bond financings in the future and increases the credit risk to bondholders of existing special revenue bonds, particularly thosevary materially from weaker issuers. In the wake of the decision, rating agencies have already taken ratings actions on, or announced their intention to review ratings given to, bonds issued across the country highlighting the potential contagion effect of the various Puerto Rico proceedings under PROMESA.

~~It is unclear how this ruling may ultimately impact~~ Ambac's revenue bond municipal exposures, inclusive of Puerto Rico. However, potential impacts could include ratings downgrades, decreased or more costly access to capital markets to certain issuers to refinance the insured debt or raise new debt, and lower recoveries in a restructuring or bankruptcy. At March 31, 2019, Ambac Assurance insured approximately $5.4 billion of net par of bonds of special revenue issuers, including $706 million net par of watch

~~list exposure and $636 million net par of adversely classified exposure, $516 million of which was Puerto Rico exposure.~~

~~Risk Related to International Business~~

Uncertainty regarding the economic impact of "Brexit" may have ad adverse effect on Ambac's insured international portfolio and the value of its foreign investment, both of which primarily reside with its subsidiary Ambac UK

The Government of the United Kingdom (“UK”) continues to contend with inconclusively finding resolution in the UK Parliament and with the European Union (“EU”) for the terms of the UK’s departure from the EU (“Brexit”). Current Brexit discussions do not include details of future post-Brexit trade relations. Current negotiations are designed to reach agreement on transitional arrangements covering the UK’s exit from the EU. Assuming a transition agreement is reached, a further, separate, negotiation on a future post-transition trade framework must then begin. It is envisaged that negotiation on the future trade framework would be concluded during the transitional phase, and would be influenced by the nature of the transitional arrangements agreed between the parties.

On April 10, 2019, the European Union agreed to a United Kingdom Government request to extend the deadline for the occurrence in law of Brexit, being the date on which the United Kingdom leaves the European Union. The revised date is October 31, 2019 ("Exit Date"), however the Exit Date may be triggered earlier in the event the United Kingdom Parliament approves the draft departure treaty agreed between the European Union and the United Kingdom Government, something which the United Kingdom government has so far been unable to persuade Parliament to do.

There is a material risk that transitional Brexit negotiations are inconclusive so that on October 31, 2019 the UK automatically exits the EU without any transitional arrangement (a “no deal Brexit”), and also with no certain path to negotiating a future trade relationship with the EU.

Absent action by the EU or member states, in the event of a no deal Brexit, the activities in the European Economic Area (“EEA”) of UK passporting insurers, including Ambac UK, will become unlawful on the Exit Date. They will lose their legal authorization to serve clients who benefit from policies issued by UK incorporated insurers under freedom of services passporting rights (and thereby may be unable to legally collect premiums or pay claims).

At March 31, 2019, Ambac UK’s insured portfolio included six policies in the EU written under current passporting rights, with an aggregate par value of $2.3 billion. In respect of these six policies, there is premium receivable of $59 million and loss and loss expense reserves ~~(net of subrogation recoverable) of $257 million. Absent legally binding transitional arrangements Ambac UK may be unable~~due to ~~collect these premiums or pay~~ the ~~claims to which these premiums receivable~~factors described above and ~~loss and loss expense reserves relate after~~ the ~~Exit Date. Ambac UK’s ability to restructure these policies to mitigate this risk is limited. Nonpayment of claims under any~~inherent uncertainties in estimating losses given the evolving nature of the ~~affected policies could lead to~~pandemic and its impact on issuers of Ambac insured debt and the ~~loss of control rights~~economy in general. Potential ultimate losses from the ~~related transaction(s), which would expose Ambac UK to greater risk of loss. In addition, under applicable English law, a court may hold that Ambac UK has an~~

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 68~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |

~~enforceable obligation to pay claims irrespective~~economic consequences of the ~~EU regulatory position in law. Consequently Ambac UK~~COVID-19 pandemic could ~~find itself in a position where it was not in receipt of premium~~be material and therefore may have an adverse effect on ~~a relevant deal but chose to pay claims to avoid loss of control rights and/or other consequences of non-payment, notwithstanding the EU regulatory characterization in law.~~

The European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (“EIOPA”) has made a series of recommendations to EU insurance regulators in light of Brexit. Acting on these recommendations European regulatory authorities have put in place (or are putting in place) legal frameworks that facilitate the orderly run off of branch operations and of insurance policies issued in EEA member states by UK insurers. The effect of these legal frameworks is to allow the continued run off of insurance policies issued in EEA member states by UK insurers prior to Exit Date that terminate after this date in the event that the draft departure agreement has not been approved prior to Exit Date.

Additionally, if UK insurers have branches in EEA Member States they may be legally obliged to either capitalize them, as a so-called third country branch from an institution whose home state is outside the EEA, or close them down and no longer be legally represented in those EU jurisdictions. Ambac UK has a branch in Italy, with one remaining policy issued from the branch. The branch is not capitalized separately from Ambac UK. In the event of a no-deal Brexit, the future nature and status of the branch is unclear, particularly with respect to the need for capitalization to support the one remaining branch policy. Given that Ambac UK is under capitalized in terms of applicable regulatory capital rules it will be difficult for the UK regulator to agree to assets leaving the company for this purpose.

There is a risk that absent agreement with the Italian regulator regarding the future of the branch, under law the Italian regulator could institute insolvent winding up proceedings against the branch as an unlicensed insurance business. In this scenario the one branch policy would then be terminated by operation of law notwithstanding the prejudicial outcome to policy holders. This chain of events could in turn trigger cross defaults with a consequential loss by Ambac UK of its controlling creditor rights in many or all transactions. This would greatly inhibit Ambac UK’s ability to exercise its rights in transactions generally, and in particular with respect to mitigating potential or actual loss in those transactions.

In light of no deal Brexit risk, the UK financial regulatory authority has been actively encouraging regulated firms to put into place contingency plans, as have been EU and EU member states’ financial regulatory bodies. The Company is in discussion with the PRA and other relevant regulatory authorities to enable the continued orderly run off of its policies issued in the EEA under passporting rights as well as the Italian branch operation in line with the EIOPA recommendations and legal frameworks which have been, or are planned to be, put in place by EEA member states.

In addition to the direct impact on insurers cited above, general uncertainty and the perceptions as to the ultimate impact of Brexit may adversely affect business activity, political stability, foreign exchange rates and economic conditions in the UK, the Eurozone, and the EU, which may result in additional credit stress on Ambac UK's insured portfolio and may ultimately adversely impact Ambac'sour results of operations and financial condition.


Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds


(a)	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities — No matters require disclosure.


(b)	Purchases of Equity Securities By the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

The following table summarizes Ambac's share purchases during the first quarter of ~~2019.~~2020. When restricted stock unit awards issued by Ambac vest or settle, they become taxable compensation to employees. For certain awards, shares may be withheld to cover the employee's portion of withholding taxes. In the first quarter of ~~2019,~~2020, Ambac purchased shares from employees that settled restricted stock units to meet employee tax withholdings.

January 2019 February 2019 March 2019 First Quarter 2019
Total Shares Purchased ⁽¹⁾
—
67,122
43,470
110,592
Average Price Paid Per Share $ —
19.72
20.11
$ 19.87
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan ⁽¹⁾
—
—
—
—
Maximum Number of Shares That may Yet be Purchased Under the Plan —
—
—
—

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 692020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |



	January 2020		February 2020		March 2020		First Quarter 2020
Total Shares Purchased ⁽¹⁾	14,496		—		118,466		132,962
Average Price Paid Per Share	$	21.76	$	—	$	19.81	$	20.02
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan ⁽¹⁾	—		—		—		—
Maximum Number of Shares That may Yet be Purchased Under the Plan	—		—		—		—


(1)	There were no other repurchases of equity securities made during the three months ended March 31, ~~2019.~~2020. Ambac does not have a stock repurchase program.

~~Warrants~~

Each warrant represents the right to purchase one share of Ambac common stock. The warrants are exercisable for cash at any time on or prior to April 30, 2023, at an exercise price of $16.67 per share. The warrants also have a cashless exercise provision.

On November 3, 2016, the Board of Directors of Ambac authorized a $10 million increase to the previously established warrant repurchase program. As of March 31, 2019, Ambac had repurchased 985,331 warrants totaling $8.1 million. In connection with the AMPS Exchange, Ambac issued 824,307 of the repurchased warrants on August 3, 2018, leaving 4,877,783 warrants outstanding. The remaining aggregate repurchase authorization at March 31, 2019 is $11.9 million. Refer to Note 1. Background and Business Description to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 in the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for further discussion of the AMPS Exchange.


Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities — No matters require disclosure.


Item 5.	Other Information — No matters require disclosure.

~~| Ambac Financial Group, Inc.~~ 69~~2019 First Quarter FORM 10-Q~~ |


Item 6.	Exhibits



Exhibit Number		Description
~~(3) Articles of Incorporation and bylaws:~~
~~3.2~~		Amended By-laws of Ambac Financial Group, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Ambac Financial Group, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference).
Other exhibits, filed or furnished, as indicated:
10.1+		Form of ~~2019~~2020 Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement between Ambac Financial Group, Inc. and Messrs. LeBlanc, Trick and Ksenak.
10.2+		Form of ~~2019~~2020 Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement between Ambac Financial Group, Inc. and Messrs. Barranco, Eisman, Reilly and Ms. Smith.
10.3+		Form of ~~2019~~2020 Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement between Ambac Financial Group, Inc. and Messrs. LeBlanc, Trick and Ksenak.
10.4+		Form of ~~2019~~2020 Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement between Ambac Financial Group, Inc. and Messrs. Barranco, Eisman, Reilly and Ms. Smith.
~~10.5+~~		~~Form of 2019 Deferred Stock Unit Award Agreement between Ambac Financial Group, Inc. and each of the Company’s executive officers.~~
31.1+		Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) Promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
31.2+		Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) Promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32.1++		Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS		XBRL Instance ~~Document.~~Document - the instance document does not appear in the interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File - The cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags or embedded within the Inline XBRL document

		+ Filed herewith. ++ Furnished herewith.

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 702020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



		AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

Dated:	May ~~9, 2019~~11, 2020	By:	/S/ DAVID TRICK
		Name:	David Trick
		Title:	Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)

| Ambac Financial Group, Inc. 7071 ~~2019~~2020 First Quarter FORM 10-Q |



Three Months Ended	March 31, 2019
Operating lease cost	$	1,526
Variable Lease Cost	179
Sublease income	(65		)
Total lease cost	$	1,640



Three Months Ended	March 31, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	1,543
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities (non-cash)	14,360



	March 31, 2019
Operating leases:
Operating lease right of use assets	$	13,100
Operating lease liabilities	13,545
Weighted average remaining lease term:
Operating leases	8.7 years
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	8.0		%



As of March 31,	Operating Leases
2019 (nine months)	$	3,580
2020	1,781
2021	1,436
2022	1,436
2023	1,436
Thereafter	9,294
Total lease payments	18,963
Less: imputed interest	(5,418		)
Total	$	13,545



($ in millions)	Bond Type	Ambac Ratings ⁽¹⁾	Net Par Outstanding ⁽²⁾		% of Total Net Par Outstanding
New Jersey Transportation Trust Fund Authority - Transportation System	Lease and Tax-backed Revenue	BBB+	$	783	1.8	%
Massachusetts Commonwealth - GO	General Obligation	AA	586		1.3	%
Mets Queens Baseball Stadium Project, NY, Lease Revenue	Stadium	BBB	549		1.2	%
Hickam Community Housing LLC	Housing Revenue	BBB	468		1.1	%
Bragg Communities, LLC	Housing Revenue	A-	420		0.9	%
Puerto Rico Highways & Transportation Authority, Transportation Revenue	Lease and Tax-backed Revenue	BIG	414		0.9	%
Puerto Rico Infrastructure Financing Authority, Special Tax Revenue	Lease and Tax-backed Revenue	BIG	403		0.9	%
New Jersey Economic Development Authority - School Facilities Construction	Lease and Tax-backed Revenue	BBB+	400		0.9	%
Monterey Bay, CA - Military Housing	Housing Revenue	BBB+	327		0.7	%
Fort Bliss/White Sand Missile Range Housing LP	Housing Revenue	BBB+	309		0.7	%
Total			$	4,659	10.5	%



($ in millions)	Bond Type	Ambac Rating⁽¹⁾	Net Par Outstanding		% of Total Net Par Outstanding
Ballantyne Re Plc ⁽²⁾	Structured Insurance	BIG	$	900	2.0	%
Timberlake Financial, LLC	Structured Insurance	BBB	458		1.0	%
Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.	Investor Owned Utility	A-	450		1.0	%
Wachovia Asset Securitization Issuance II, LLC 2007-HE2	Mortgage Backed Securities	BBB	440		1.0	%
Wachovia Asset Securitization Issuance II, LLC 2007-HE1	Mortgage Backed Securities	BBB	304		0.7	%
Option One Mortgage Loan Trust 2007-FXD1	Mortgage Backed Securities	BIG	231		0.5	%
Terwin Mortgage Trust Asset-Backed Certificates, Series 2006-6	Mortgage Backed Securities	BIG	212		0.5	%
Impac CMB Trust Series 2005-7	Mortgage Backed Securities	BIG	197		0.4	%
Countrywide Asset-Backed Certificates Trust 2005-16	Mortgage Backed Securities	BIG	192		0.4	%
Ownit Mortgage Trust 2006-OT1	Mortgage Backed Securities	BIG	182		0.4	%
Total			$	3,566	8.0	%



	January 2019		February 2019	March 2019	First Quarter 2019
Total Shares Purchased ⁽¹⁾	—		67,122	43,470	110,592
Average Price Paid Per Share	$	—	19.72	20.11	$	19.87
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan ⁽¹⁾	—		—	—	—
Maximum Number of Shares That may Yet be Purchased Under the Plan	—		—	—	—