Table of Contents


 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
☒Quarterly Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019
or
☐Transition Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from                     to                     
Commission File Number 000-19289
STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Ohio  31-1324304
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
    
518 East Broad StreetColumbusOhio43215-3976
(Address of principal executive offices)  (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (614) 464-5000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading symbolName of each exchange on which registered
Common shares, without par valueSTFCThe NASDAQ Global Select Market
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes  ý    No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrantregistrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes  ý    No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrantregistrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitionthe definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, "accelerated filer," "smaller and “smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company"company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filerx
Non-accelerated filer☐Smaller reporting company☐
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Emerging growth company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes  ☐    No   ý
On July 26,October 25, 2019, the Registrant had 43,542,33443,563,019 Common Shares outstanding.

 


Table of Contents


Index to Form 10-Q Quarterly Report for the three and sixnine month periods ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019

 
Part I. Financial Information
 
   
Item 1.
Financial Statements (Unaudited)
 
 
Condensed consolidated balance sheets – JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018
1
 
Condensed consolidated statements of income – Three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018
2
 
Condensed consolidated statements of income – SixNine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018
3
 
Condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income – Three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018
4
 
Condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income – SixNine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018
5
 
Condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity - Three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018
6
 
Condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity - SixNine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018
7
 
Condensed consolidated statements of cash flows – SixNine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018
8
 
Notes to condensed consolidated financial statements – JuneSeptember 30, 2019
9
Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
25
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
5352
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
5453
   
 
Part II. Other Information
 
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
5554
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
5554
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
5554
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
5554
Item 5.
Other Information
5554
Item 6.
Exhibits
5655
 
Signatures
5756

Table of Contents
STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

PART I – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
($ and shares in millions, except per share amounts)June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
(unaudited)      
Assets      
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost $2,119.0 and $2,188.2, respectively)$2,157.9
 $2,159.5
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost $2,129.0 and $2,188.2, respectively)$2,189.3
 $2,159.5
Equity securities374.9
 315.0
373.3
 315.0
Other invested assets55.0
 48.8
64.6
 48.8
Other invested assets, at cost6.5
 5.6
6.5
 5.6
Notes receivable from affiliate70.0
 70.0
70.0
 70.0
Total investments2,664.3
 2,598.9
2,703.7
 2,598.9
Cash and cash equivalents44.8
 59.8
38.3
 59.8
Accrued investment income and other assets30.7
 32.4
34.7
 32.4
Deferred policy acquisition costs (affiliated net assumed $55.4 and $48.3, respectively)109.1
 101.9
Deferred policy acquisition costs (affiliated net assumed $53.0 and $48.3, respectively)114.3
 101.9
Reinsurance recoverable on losses and loss expenses payable8.4
 5.5
7.2
 5.5
Prepaid reinsurance premiums7.1
 6.6
7.5
 6.6
Due from affiliate34.2
 —
17.4
 —
Current federal income taxes6.3
 5.9
6.3
 5.9
Net deferred federal income taxes52.1
 77.8
46.2
 77.8
Property and equipment, at cost4.2
 7.1
4.2
 7.1
Total assets$2,961.2
 $2,895.9
$2,979.8
 $2,895.9
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity      
Losses and loss expenses payable (affiliated net assumed $563.4 and $593.6, respectively)$1,135.2
 $1,146.8
Unearned premiums (affiliated net assumed $104.7 and $112.4, respectively)621.6
 584.2
Losses and loss expenses payable (affiliated net assumed $521.5 and $593.6, respectively)$1,092.7
 $1,146.8
Unearned premiums (affiliated net assumed $111.7 and $112.4, respectively)649.2
 584.2
Notes payable (affiliates $15.2 and $15.2, respectively)122.0
 122.0
122.0
 122.0
Pension and postretirement benefits71.5
 83.0
70.3
 83.0
Due to affiliate—
 22.4
—
 22.4
Other liabilities (affiliated net assumed $11.8 and $19.9, respectively)94.7
 119.0
Other liabilities (affiliated net assumed $13.1 and $19.9, respectively)101.9
 119.0
Total liabilities2,045.0
 2,077.4
2,036.1
 2,077.4
Stockholders’ equity:      
Class A Preferred stock (nonvoting), without par value. Authorized 2.5 shares; none issued—
 —
—
 —
Class B Preferred stock, without par value. Authorized 2.5 shares; none issued—
 —
—
 —
Common stock, without par value. Authorized 100.0 shares; 50.3 and 50.0 shares issued, respectively, at stated value of $2.50 per share125.7
 125.0
125.8
 125.0
Treasury stock, 6.8 and 6.8 shares, respectively, at cost(117.5) (117.0)(117.5) (117.0)
Additional paid-in capital202.5
 194.2
205.2
 194.2
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(41.7) (96.4)(24.2) (96.4)
Retained earnings747.2
 712.7
754.4
 712.7
Total stockholders’ equity916.2
 818.5
943.7
 818.5
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$2,961.2
 $2,895.9
$2,979.8
 $2,895.9
      

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
1
Table of Contents
STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
($ in millions, except per share amounts)Three months ended June 30Three months ended September 30
(unaudited)2019 20182019 2018
Earned premiums (affiliated net assumed $53.1 and $81.2, respectively)$307.7
 $307.5
Net investment income (affiliates $0.4 and $1.2, respectively)21.7
 21.5
Net investment gain10.3
 12.1
Earned premiums (affiliated net assumed $55.7 and $71.9, respectively)$319.6
 $306.8
Net investment income (affiliates $0.7 and $1.3, respectively)19.3
 20.8
Net investment (loss) gain(5.0) 17.8
Other income from affiliates0.4
 0.6
0.6
 0.6
Total revenues340.1
 341.7
334.5
 346.0
      
Losses and loss expenses (affiliated net assumed $50.0 and $37.0, respectively)234.9
 217.8
Acquisition and operating expenses (affiliated net assumed $12.7 and $35.7, respectively)107.9
 111.3
Interest expense (affiliates $0.3 and $0.3, respectively)1.3
 1.7
Losses and loss expenses (affiliated net assumed $24.2 and $43.0, respectively)208.4
 191.0
Acquisition and operating expenses (affiliated net assumed $17.6 and affiliated net ceded $26.8, respectively)109.7
 110.9
Interest expense (affiliates $0.2 and $0.2, respectively)1.2
 1.2
Other expenses3.6
 3.2
2.5
 1.9
Total expenses347.7
 334.0
321.8
 305.0
(Loss) income before federal income taxes(7.6) 7.7
Federal income tax (benefit) expense:   
Income before federal income taxes12.7
 41.0
Federal income tax expense (benefit):   
Current—
 —
—
 (0.1)
Deferred(1.4) 1.7
1.2
 7.7
Total federal income tax (benefit) expense(1.4) 1.7
Net (loss) income$(6.2) $6.0
(Loss) earnings per common share:   
Total federal income tax expense1.2
 7.6
Net income$11.5
 $33.4
Earnings per common share:   
Basic$(0.14) $0.14
$0.26
 $0.78
Diluted$(0.14) $0.14
$0.25
 $0.76
Dividends paid per common share$0.10
 $0.10
$0.10
 $0.10
      


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
2
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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
($ in millions, except per share amounts)Six months ended June 30Nine months ended September 30
(unaudited)2019 20182019 2018
Earned premiums (affiliated net assumed $112.8 and $179.2, respectively)$610.4
 $622.4
Net investment income (affiliates $1.6 and $2.4, respectively)41.1
 41.4
Earned premiums (affiliated net assumed $168.5 and $251.1, respectively)$930.0
 $929.2
Net investment income (affiliates $2.3 and $3.7, respectively)60.4
 62.2
Net investment gain55.2
 0.4
50.2
 18.2
Other income from affiliates1.0
 1.2
1.6
 1.8
Total revenues707.7
 665.4
1,042.2
 1,011.4



  

  
Losses and loss expenses (affiliated net assumed $100.9 and $93.2, respectively)429.2
 430.1
Acquisition and operating expenses (affiliated net assumed $36.9 and $79.1, respectively)215.5
 222.1
Interest paid (affiliates $0.5 and $0.5, respectively)2.5
 3.3
Losses and loss expenses (affiliated net assumed $125.1 and $136.3, respectively)637.6
 621.1
Acquisition and operating expenses (affiliated net assumed $54.5 and $52.3, respectively)325.2
 333.0
Interest expense (affiliates $0.7 and $0.7, respectively)3.7
 4.5
Other expenses6.5
 5.5
9.0
 7.4
Total expenses653.7
 661.0
975.5
 966.0
Income before federal income taxes54.0
 4.4
66.7
 45.4
Federal income tax expense (benefit):

  
Federal income tax (benefit) expense:

  
Current(0.4) (1.0)(0.4) (1.1)
Deferred11.2
 1.5
12.4
 9.2
Total federal income tax expense10.8
 0.5
12.0
 8.1
Net income$43.2
 $3.9
$54.7
 $37.3
Earnings per common share:
  
  
Basic$1.00
 $0.09
$1.26
 $0.87
Diluted$1.00
 $0.09
$1.25
 $0.86
Dividends paid per common share$0.20
 $0.20
$0.30
 $0.30
      




See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
($ in millions, except per share amounts)Three months ended June 30Three months ended September 30
(unaudited)2019 20182019 2018
Net (loss) income$(6.2) $6.0
Net income$11.5
 $33.4
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:      
Net unrealized holding gain (loss) on fixed available-for-sale investments:      
Unrealized holding gain (loss)34.7
 (10.2)22.6
 (14.7)
Reclassification adjustments for gains realized in net income(1.5) (1.3)(1.2) —
Income tax (expense) benefit(7.0) 2.4
(4.5) 3.1
Total net unrealized holding gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments26.2
 (9.1)16.9
 (11.6)
Net unrecognized benefit plan obligations:      
Reclassification adjustments for amortization to statements of income:      
Negative prior service cost(1.6) (1.6)(1.6) (1.6)
Net actuarial loss2.4
 3.3
2.4
 3.3
Income tax expense(0.1) (0.3)(0.2) (0.4)
Total net unrecognized benefit plan obligations0.7
 1.4
0.6
 1.3
Other comprehensive income (loss)26.9
 (7.7)17.5
 (10.3)
Comprehensive income (loss)$20.7
 $(1.7)
Comprehensive income$29.0
 $23.1
      



See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
Table of Contents
STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
($ in millions, except per share amounts)Six months ended June 30Nine months ended September 30
(unaudited)2019 20182019 2018
Net income$43.2
 $3.9
$54.7
 $37.3
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:      
Net unrealized holding gain (loss) on fixed available-for-sale investments:      
Unrealized holding gain (loss)69.2
 (46.9)91.8
 (61.6)
Reclassification adjustments for gains realized in net income(1.6) (1.7)(2.8) (1.7)
Income tax (expense) benefit(14.2) 10.2
(18.7) 13.3
Total net unrealized holding gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments53.4
 (38.4)70.3
 (50.0)
Net unrecognized benefit plan obligations:      
Reclassification adjustments for amortization to statements of income:      
Negative prior service cost(3.2) (3.2)(4.8) (4.8)
Net actuarial loss4.8
 6.6
7.2
 9.9
Income tax expense(0.3) (0.7)(0.5) (1.1)
Total net unrecognized benefit plan obligations1.3
 2.7
1.9
 4.0
Other comprehensive income (loss)54.7
 (35.7)72.2
 (46.0)
Comprehensive income (loss)$97.9
 $(31.8)$126.9
 $(8.7)
      


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(in millions)Three months ended June 30Three months ended September 30
2019 20182019 2018
Common shares:      
Balance at beginning of period50.1
 49.5
50.3
 49.7
Issuance of shares0.2
 0.2
—
 0.1
Balance at June 3050.3
 49.7
Balance at September 3050.3
 49.8
Treasury shares:      
Balance at beginning of period(6.8) (6.8)(6.8) (6.8)
Balance at June 30(6.8) (6.8)
Balance at September 30(6.8) (6.8)
Common stock:      
Balance at beginning of period$125.3
 $123.8
$125.7
 $124.1
Issuance of shares0.4
 0.3
0.1
 0.4
Balance at June 30$125.7
 $124.1
Balance at September 30$125.8
 $124.5
Treasury stock:      
Balance at beginning of period$(117.5) $(116.9)$(117.5) $(116.9)
Balance at June 30$(117.5) $(116.9)
Shares acquired on stock award exercises and vested restricted shares—
 (0.1)
Balance at September 30$(117.5) $(117.0)
Additional paid-in capital:      
Balance at beginning of period$198.4
 $180.3
$202.5
 $184.8
Issuance of common stock2.6
 1.9
0.7
 2.0
Stock awards granted1.5
 2.6
2.0
 1.8
Balance at June 30$202.5
 $184.8
Balance at September 30$205.2
 $188.6
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:      
Balance at beginning of period$(68.6) $(88.1)$(41.7) $(95.8)
Change in unrealized holding gain (loss) on investments, net of tax26.2
 (9.1)16.9
 (11.6)
Change in unrecognized benefit plan obligations, net of tax0.7
 1.4
0.6
 1.3
Balance at June 30$(41.7) $(95.8)
Balance at September 30$(24.2) $(106.1)
Retained earnings:      
Balance at beginning of period$757.7
 $710.7
$747.2
 $712.3
Net (loss) income(6.2) 6.0
Net income11.5
 33.4
Dividends declared (affiliates $2.6 and $2.6, respectively)$(4.3) $(4.4)$(4.3) $(4.1)
Balance at June 30747.2
 712.3
Total stockholders’ equity at June 30$916.2
 $808.5
Balance at September 30754.4
 741.6
Total stockholders’ equity at September 30$943.7
 $831.6
      


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
6
Table of Contents
STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(in millions)Six months ended June 30Nine months ended September 30
2019 20182019 2018
Common shares:      
Balance at beginning of year50.0
 49.2
50.0
 49.2
Issuance of shares0.3
 0.5
0.3
 0.6
Balance at June 3050.3
 49.7
Balance at September 3050.3
 49.8
Treasury shares:      
Balance at beginning of year(6.8) (6.8)(6.8) (6.8)
Balance at June 30(6.8) (6.8)
Balance at September 30(6.8) (6.8)
Common stock:      
Balance at beginning of year$125.0
 $123.0
$125.0
 $123.0
Issuance of shares0.7
 1.1
0.8
 1.5
Balance at June 30$125.7
 $124.1
Balance at September 30$125.8
 $124.5
Treasury stock:      
Balance at beginning of year$(117.0) $(116.8)$(117.0) $(116.8)
Shares acquired on stock award exercises and vested restricted shares(0.5) (0.1)(0.5) (0.2)
Balance at June 30$(117.5) $(116.9)
Balance at September 30$(117.5) $(117.0)
Additional paid-in capital:      
Balance at beginning of year$194.2
 $171.8
$194.2
 $171.8
Issuance of common stock3.3
 8.1
4.0
 10.1
Stock awards granted5.0
 4.9
7.0
 6.7
Balance at June 30$202.5
 $184.8
Balance at September 30$205.2
 $188.6
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income:      
Balance at beginning of year$(96.4) $3.8
$(96.4) $3.8
Cumulative effect of change in accounting for equity securities and other invested assets and reclassification of stranded tax effects as of January 1, 2018—
 (63.9)—
 (63.9)
Change in unrealized holding gain (loss) on investments, net of tax53.4
 (38.4)70.3
 (50.0)
Change in unrecognized benefit plan obligations, net of tax1.3
 2.7
1.9
 4.0
Balance at June 30$(41.7) $(95.8)
Balance at September 30$(24.2) $(106.1)
Retained earnings:      
Balance at beginning of year$712.7
 $653.2
$712.7
 $653.2
Cumulative effect of change in accounting for equity securities and other invested assets and reclassification of stranded tax effects as of January 1, 2018—
 63.9
—
 63.9
Net income43.2
 3.9
54.7
 37.3
Dividends declared (affiliates $5.2 and $5.2, respectively)$(8.7) $(8.7)
Balance at June 30747.2
 712.3
Total stockholders’ equity at June 30$916.2
 $808.5
Dividends declared (affiliates $7.8 and $7.8, respectively)$(13.0) $(12.8)
Balance at September 30754.4
 741.6
Total stockholders’ equity at September 30$943.7
 $831.6
      



See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
7
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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
($ in millions)Six months ended June 30Nine months ended September 30
(unaudited)2019 20182019 2018
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net income$43.2
 $3.9
$54.7
 $37.3
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:      
Depreciation and amortization, net3.8
 4.6
6.2
 6.7
Share-based compensation4.4
 4.8
7.0
 5.7
Net investment gain(55.2) (0.4)(50.2) (18.2)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:      
Deferred policy acquisition costs(7.2) 5.7
(12.4) 5.8
Accrued investment income and other assets1.8
 (2.2)(2.3) (3.0)
Postretirement and pension benefits(11.3) (8.3)(12.2) (16.3)
Other liabilities and due to/from affiliates, net(79.1) 14.5
(55.0) 19.0
Reinsurance recoverable on losses and loss expenses payable and prepaid reinsurance premiums(3.4) (2.5)(2.6) (2.3)
Losses and loss expenses payable(11.6) (21.1)(54.1) (56.9)
Unearned premiums37.4
 (21.7)65.0
 (16.2)
Deferred tax (benefit) expense on share-based awards(0.6) 0.2
(0.7) —
Federal income taxes11.4
 0.3
12.7
 8.1
Net cash used in operating activities(66.4) (22.2)(43.9) (30.3)
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Purchases of fixed maturities available-for-sale(334.8) (207.9)(459.9) (267.0)
Purchases of equity securities(30.4) (78.4)(48.9) (82.2)
Purchases of other invested assets(2.6) (0.9)(12.9) (1.1)
Maturities, calls and pay downs of fixed maturities available-for-sale203.2
 110.2
267.1
 180.4
Sales of fixed maturities available-for-sale198.7
 60.9
248.7
 69.7
Sales of equity securities20.3
 81.8
34.4
 89.3
Sales of other invested assets0.6
 0.7
1.0
 0.9
Net disposals of property and equipment1.6
 —
1.6
 —
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities56.6
 (33.6)31.1
 (10.0)
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Proceeds from issuance of common stock4.0
 14.3
4.8
 11.7
Payments to acquire treasury stock(0.5) (0.1)(0.5) (0.2)
Payment of dividends(8.7) (8.7)(13.0) (12.8)
Payment of prepayment fee—
 (0.4)—
 (0.4)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(5.2) 5.1
Net cash used in financing activities(8.7) (1.7)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents(15.0) (50.7)(21.5) (42.0)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period59.8
 91.5
59.8
 91.5
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$44.8
 $40.8
$38.3
 $49.5
Supplemental disclosures:      
Interest paid (affiliates $0.5 and $0.5, respectively)$2.3
 $3.3
Interest expense (affiliates $0.7 and $0.7, respectively)$3.5
 $4.5
      

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
8
Table of Contents
STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
 


1. Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of State Auto Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries (“State Auto Financial” or the “Company”) have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. In the opinion of the Company, all adjustments (consisting of normal, recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019. The balance sheet at December 31, 2018, has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements.
For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (the “2018 Form 10-K”). Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meaning ascribed to them in the 2018 Form 10-K.
Revisions of Previously Issued Financial Statements
Revisions to certain line items in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income and consolidated statements of cash flows for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2018, were affected by revisions of previously issued financial statements.  All such changes to the consolidated statements of cash flows were included within cash flows from operating activities and all related changes in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income were isolated to unrecognized benefit plan obligations.  The basis of these revisions were described in Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" included in our most recent Annual Report disclosures onthe 2018 Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.10-K.
Adoption of Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)" that amended previous guidance on lease accounting. The new guidance requires the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP. The guidance became effective beginning January 1, 2019 and it did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, consolidated financial position or cash flows. The Company has elected the practical expedients contained in ASC 842-10-65-1(f) and therefore did not reassess the lease classification of its existing leases.
Pending Adoption of Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For information regarding other accounting pronouncements that the Company has not yet adopted, see the “Pending Adoption of Recent Accounting Pronouncements” section of Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2018 Form 10-K.

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued (Unaudited)
 

2. Investments
The following tables set forth the cost or amortized cost and fair value of investments by lot at JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
($ millions)Cost or amortized cost Gross unrealized holding gains Gross unrealized holding losses Fair valueCost or amortized cost Gross unrealized holding gains Gross unrealized holding losses Fair value
June 30, 2019
September 30, 2019Cost or amortized cost Gross unrealized holding gains Gross unrealized holding losses Fair value
Available-for-sale fixed maturities:       
U.S. treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies$462.6
 $8.9
 $(2.0) $469.5
$516.4
 $14.8
 $(1.2) $530.0
Obligations of states and political subdivisions422.5
 18.7
 —
 441.2
415.3
 21.8
 —
 437.1
Corporate securities511.2
 9.6
 (0.9) 519.9
492.3
 10.9
 (1.1) 502.1
U.S. government agencies mortgage-backed securities722.7
 11.0
 (6.4) 727.3
705.0
 18.2
 (3.1) 720.1
Total available-for-sale fixed maturities$2,119.0
 $48.2
 $(9.3) $2,157.9
$2,129.0
 $65.7
 $(5.4) $2,189.3
              
($ millions)Cost or amortized cost Gross unrealized holding gains Gross unrealized holding losses Fair valueCost or amortized cost Gross unrealized holding gains Gross unrealized holding losses Fair value
December 31, 2018
Available-for-sale fixed maturities:              
U.S. treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies$438.4
 $3.2
 $(9.2) $432.4
$438.4
 $3.2
 $(9.2) $432.4
Obligations of states and political subdivisions408.2
 7.3
 (0.9) 414.6
408.2
 7.3
 (0.9) 414.6
Corporate securities551.7
 0.6
 (11.7) 540.6
551.7
 0.6
 (11.7) 540.6
U.S. government agencies mortgage-backed securities789.9
 3.3
 (21.3) 771.9
789.9
 3.3
 (21.3) 771.9
Total available-for-sale fixed maturities$2,188.2
 $14.4
 $(43.1) $2,159.5
$2,188.2
 $14.4
 $(43.1) $2,159.5
              


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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued (Unaudited)
 

The following tables set forth the Company’s gross unrealized losses and fair value on its investments by lot, aggregated by investment category and length of time for individual securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
($ millions, except # of positions)Less than 12 months 12 months or more TotalLess than 12 months 12 months or more Total
Fair value Unrealized losses Number of positions Fair value Unrealized losses Number of positions Fair value Unrealized losses Number of positionsFair value Unrealized losses Number of positions Fair value Unrealized losses Number of positions Fair value Unrealized losses Number of positions
June 30, 2019
September 30, 2019Fair value Unrealized losses Number of positions Fair value Unrealized losses Number of positions Fair value Unrealized losses Number of positions
Fixed maturities:                 
U.S. treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies$9.6
 $—
 3
 $208.2
 $(2.0) 24
 $217.8
 $(2.0) 27
$41.1
 $(0.1) 9
 $184.5
 $(1.1) 16
 $225.6
 $(1.2) 25
Obligations of states and political subdivisions—
 —
 —
 19.5
 —
 3
 19.5
 —
 3
—
 —
 —
 4.1
 —
 1
 4.1
 —
 1
Corporate securities—
 —
 —
 73.3
 $(0.9) 11
 73.3
 $(0.9) 11
20.3
 (0.3) 2
 56.9
 $(0.8) 9
 77.2
 $(1.1) 11
U.S. government agencies mortgage-backed securities68.6
 (0.3) 6
 291.9
 (6.1) 48
 360.5
 (6.4) 54
50.9
 (0.3) 7
 161.1
 (2.8) 35
 212.0
 (3.1) 42
Total temporarily impaired securities$78.2
 $(0.3) 9
 $592.9
 $(9.0) 86
 $671.1
 $(9.3) 95
$112.3
 $(0.7) 18
 $406.6
 $(4.7) 61
 $518.9
 $(5.4) 79
                                  
($ millions, except # of positions)Less than 12 months 12 months or more TotalLess than 12 months 12 months or more Total
Fair value Unrealized losses Number of positions Fair value Unrealized losses Number of positions Fair value Unrealized losses Number of positionsFair value Unrealized losses Number of positions Fair value Unrealized losses Number of positions Fair value Unrealized losses Number of positions
December 31, 2018
Fixed maturities:                                  
U.S. treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies$83.1
 $(1.8) 7
 $259.6
 $(7.4) 35
 $342.7
 $(9.2) 42
$83.1
 $(1.8) 7
 $259.6
 $(7.4) 35
 $342.7
 $(9.2) 42
Obligations of states and political subdivisions63.6
 (0.5) 7
 39.6
 (0.4) 8
 103.2
 (0.9) 15
63.6
 (0.5) 7
 39.6
 (0.4) 8
 103.2
 (0.9) 15
Corporate securities244.0
 (3.0) 31
 189.5
 (8.7) 30
 433.5
 (11.7) 61
244.0
 (3.0) 31
 189.5
 (8.7) 30
 433.5
 (11.7) 61
U.S. government agencies mortgage-backed securities169.5
 (2.8) 18
 385.5
 (18.5) 70
 555.0
 (21.3) 88
169.5
 (2.8) 18
 385.5
 (18.5) 70
 555.0
 (21.3) 88
Total fixed maturities$560.2
 $(8.1) 63
 $874.2
 $(35.0) 143
 $1,434.4
 $(43.1) 206
Total temporarily impaired securities$560.2
 $(8.1) 63
 $874.2
 $(35.0) 143
 $1,434.4
 $(43.1) 206
                                  

The Company reviewed its investments at JuneSeptember 30, 2019, and determined that no other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI") existed in the gross unrealized holding losses.
The Company regularly monitors its available-for-sale investments that have fair values less than cost or amortized cost for signs of other-than-temporary impairment, an assessment that requires significant management judgment regarding the evidence known. Such judgments could change in the future as more information becomes known, which could negatively impact the amounts reported. Among the factors that management considers for fixed maturity securities are the financial condition of the issuer including receipt of scheduled principal and interest cash flows, and intent to sell, including if it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery. When a fixed maturity has been determined to have an other-than-temporary impairment, the impairment charge is separated into an amount representing the credit loss, which is recognized in earnings as a realized loss, and the amount related to non-credit factors, which is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income. Future increases or decreases in fair value, if not other-than-temporary, are included in accumulated other comprehensive income.

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued (Unaudited)
 

The following table sets forth the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale fixed maturities by contractual maturity at JuneSeptember 30, 2019:
($ millions)Amortized cost 
Fair
value
Amortized cost 
Fair
value
Due in 1 year or less$92.0
 $92.8
$55.7
 $56.6
Due after 1 year through 5 years597.9
 602.6
562.7
 569.4
Due after 5 years through 10 years254.4
 263.7
239.9
 249.7
Due after 10 years452.0
 471.5
565.7
 593.5
U.S. government agencies mortgage-backed securities722.7
 727.3
705.0
 720.1
Total$2,119.0
 $2,157.9
$2,129.0
 $2,189.3
      

Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay the obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
At JuneSeptember 30, 2019, State Auto P&C had U.S. government agencies mortgage-backed fixed maturity securities, with a carrying value of approximately $106.5 million, that were pledged as collateral for the FHLB Loans (as defined in Note 3). In accordance with the terms of the FHLB Loans, State Auto P&C retains all rights regarding these pledged securities.
At JuneSeptember 30, 2019, State Auto P&C had fixed maturities with fair values of approximately $22.5$23.2 million pledged as collateral for the performance obligations under its reinsurance agreement with Home State County Mutual Insurance Company. In accordance with the terms of the trust agreement, State Auto P&C retains all rights regarding these securities, which are included in the “U.S. treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies mortgage-backed securities”agencies” classification of the Company’s fixed maturity securities portfolio.
Fixed maturities with fair values of $9.2$9.3 million and $8.9 million were on deposit with insurance regulators as required by law at JuneSeptember 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, respectively. The Company retains all rights regarding these securities.
The following table sets forth the components of net investment income for the sixthree and nine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018:
($ millions)Three months ended June 30 Six months ended June 30Three months ended September 30 Nine months ended September 30
2019 2018 2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
Fixed maturities$17.3
 $16.9
 $32.4
 $33.0
$15.3
 $16.4
 $47.7
 $49.4
Equity securities3.1
 3.1
 5.9
 5.6
3.0
 3.0
 8.9
 8.6
Cash and cash equivalents, and other1.4
 1.8
 3.1
 3.5
1.1
 1.7
 4.2
 5.2
Investment income21.8
 21.8
 41.4
 42.1
19.4
 21.1
 60.8
 63.2
Investment expenses0.1
 0.3
 0.3
 0.7
0.1
 0.3
 0.4
 1.0
Net investment income$21.7
 $21.5
 $41.1
 $41.4
$19.3
 $20.8
 $60.4
 $62.2
              

The Company’s current investment strategy does not rely on the use of derivative financial instruments.
Proceeds on sales of investments were $219.6$284.1 million and $143.4$159.9 million for the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

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Table of Contents
STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued (Unaudited)
 

The following table sets forth the realized and unrealized holding gains (losses) on the Company’s investment portfolio for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018:
($ millions)Three months ended June 30 Six months ended June 30
 2019 2018 2019 2018
Realized gains on sales of securities:       
Fixed maturities$1.5
 $1.3
 $1.6
 $1.7
Equity securities1.2
 1.7
 1.5
 5.0
Other invested assets—
 —
 —
 0.1
Total realized gains2.7
 3.0
 3.1
 6.8
Realized losses on sales of securities:       
Equity securities—
 (0.4) (2.2) (0.6)
Total realized losses—
 (0.4) (2.2) (0.6)
Net realized gain on investments$2.7
 $2.6
 $0.9
 $6.2
        
Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments(1)
       
Equity securities6.4
 $10.9
 $50.5
 $(3.7)
Other invested assets1.2
 (1.4) 5.1
 (2.1)
Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments7.6
 9.5
 55.6
 (5.8)
Other net realized loss$—
 $—
 $(1.3) $—
Net gain on investments$10.3
 $12.1
 $55.2
 $0.4
        
Change in unrealized holding gains (losses), net of tax:       
Fixed maturities$33.2
 $(11.5) $67.6
 $(48.6)
Deferred federal income tax (liability) benefit(7.0) 2.4
 (14.2) 10.2
Change in net unrealized holding gains (losses), net of tax$26.2
 $(9.1) $53.4
 $(38.4)
        
(1)Unrealized holding gains (losses) recognized during the period on securities still held at the reporting date
($ millions)Three months ended September 30 Nine months ended September 30
 2019 2018 2019 2018
Investment gains (losses), net:       
Fixed maturities:       
Realized gains on sales of securities1.2
 —
 2.8
 1.7
Net gains on fixed maturities1.2
 —
 2.8
 1.7
Equity securities:       
Realized (losses) gains on sales of securities, net(1.8) 1.0
 (2.5) 5.4
Unrealized (losses) gains on securities still held, net(4.1) 16.4
 46.4
 12.8
Net (losses) gains on equity securities(5.9) 17.4
 43.9
 18.2
Other invested assets:       
Unrealized (losses) gains on securities still held, net(0.3) 0.4
 4.8
 (1.7)
Net (losses) gains on other invested assets(0.3) 0.4
 4.8
 (1.7)
Other net realized loss—
 —
 (1.3) —
Net (losses) gains on investments$(5.0) $17.8
 $50.2
 $18.2
        
Change in unrealized holding gains (losses), net of tax:       
Fixed maturities$21.4
 $(14.7) $89.0
 $(63.3)
Deferred federal income tax (liability) benefit(4.5) 3.1
 (18.7) 13.3
Change in net unrealized holding gains (losses), net of tax$16.9
 $(11.6) $70.3
 $(50.0)
        

3. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Below is the fair value hierarchy that categorizes into three levels the inputs to valuation techniques that are used to measure fair value:
Level 1 includes observable inputs which reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets at the measurement date.
Level 2 includes observable inputs for assets or liabilities other than quoted prices included in Level 1, and it includes valuation techniques which use prices for similar assets and liabilities.
Level 3 includes unobservable inputs which reflect the reporting entity’s estimates of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability (including assumptions about risk).
The Company utilizes a nationally recognized third party pricing service to estimate the majority of its investment portfolio’s fair value. The Company obtains one price per security and the processes and control procedures employed by the Company are designed to ensure the value is accurately recorded on an unadjusted basis. Through discussions with the pricing service, the Company gains an understanding of the methodologies used to price the different types of securities, that the data and the valuation methods utilized are appropriate and consistently applied, and that the assumptions are reasonable and representative of fair value. To validate the reasonableness of the valuations obtained from the pricing service, the Company compares to fair value pricing information gathered from other independent pricing sources. At JuneSeptember 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, the Company did not adjust any of the prices received from the pricing service.

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Table of Contents
STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued (Unaudited)
 

Fixed Maturities
The Company utilizes a nationally recognized third party pricing service to estimate fair value measurements for the majority of its fixed maturities. The fair value estimate of the Company’s fixed maturity investments are determined by evaluations that are based on observable market information rather than market quotes. Inputs to the evaluations include, but are not limited to, market prices from recently completed transactions and transactions of comparable securities, interest rate yield curves, credit spreads, and other market-observable information. The fixed maturity portfolio pricing obtained from the pricing service is reviewed for reasonableness. The Company regularly selects a sample of security prices which are compared to one or more alternative pricing sources for reasonableness. Any significant discrepancies with the pricing are returned to the pricing service for further explanation and, if necessary, adjustments are made. To date, the Company has not identified any significant discrepancies in the pricing provided by its third party pricing service. Investments valued using these inputs include U.S. treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies, obligations of states and political subdivisions, corporate securities (except for a security discussed below), and U.S. government agencies' mortgage-backed securities. All unadjusted estimates of fair value for fixed maturities priced by the pricing service are included in the amounts disclosed in Level 2 of the hierarchy. If market inputs are unavailable, then no fair value is provided by the pricing service. For these securities, fair value is determined either by requesting brokers who are knowledgeable about these securities to provide a quote; or the Company internally determines the fair values by employing widely accepted pricing valuation models, and depending on the level of observable market inputs, renders the fair value estimate as Level 2 or Level 3.
Transfers between level categorizations may occur due to changes in the availability of market observable inputs. Transfers in and out of level categorizations are reported as having occurred at the beginning of the quarter in which the transfer occurred.
Equities
The fair value of each equity security is based on an observable market price for an identical asset in an active market and is priced by the same pricing service discussed above. All equity securities are recorded using unadjusted market prices and have been disclosed in Level 1.
 Other Invested Assets
Included in other invested assets is one1 international fund (“the fund”) that invests in equity securities of foreign issuers and is managed by a third party investment manager. The fund had a fair value of $41.9$51.7 million and $38.5 million at JuneSeptember 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, respectively, which was determined using the fund’s net asset value. The Company employs procedures to assess the reasonableness of the fair value of the fund, including obtaining and reviewing the fund’s audited financial statements. There are no unfunded commitments related to the fund. The Company may not sell its investment in the fund; however, the Company may redeem all or a portion of its investment in the fund at net asset value per share with the appropriate prior written notice. In accordance with Accounting Standard Codification 820-10, this investment is measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient and has not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. Fair values presented here are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The remainder of the Company’s other invested assets consist primarily of holdings in publicly-traded mutual funds. The Company believes that its prices for these publicly-traded mutual funds based on an observable market price for an identical asset in an active market reflect their fair values and consequently these securities have been disclosed in Level 1.

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Table of Contents
STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued (Unaudited)
 

 The following tables set forth the Company’s investments within the fair value hierarchy at JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
($ millions)Total Level 1 Level 2Total Level 1 Level 2
June 30, 2019
September 30, 2019Total Level 1 Level 2
Available-for-sale fixed maturities:     
U.S. treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies$469.5
 $—
 $469.5
$530.0
 $—
 $530.0
Obligations of states and political subdivisions441.2
 —
 441.2
437.1
 —
 437.1
Corporate securities519.9
 —
 519.9
502.1
 —
 502.1
U.S. government agencies mortgage-backed securities727.3
 —
 727.3
720.1
 —
 720.1
Total available-for-sale fixed maturities2,157.9
 —
 2,157.9
2,189.3
 —
 2,189.3
Equity securities:          
Large-cap securities88.3
 88.3
 —
99.1
 99.1
 —
Mutual and exchange traded funds286.6
 286.6
 —
274.2
 274.2
 —
Total equity securities374.9
 374.9
 —
373.3
 373.3
 —
Other invested assets13.1
 13.1
 —
12.9
 12.9
 —
Total investments$2,545.9
 $388.0
 $2,157.9
$2,575.5
 $386.2
 $2,189.3
          
($ millions)Total Level 1 Level 2Total Level 1 Level 2
December 31, 2018
Fixed maturities:     
Available-for-sale fixed maturities:     
U.S. treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies$432.4
 $—
 $432.4
$432.4
 $—
 $432.4
Obligations of states and political subdivisions414.6
 —
 414.6
414.6
 —
 414.6
Corporate securities540.6
 —
 540.6
540.6
 —
 540.6
U.S. government agencies mortgage-backed securities771.9
 —
 771.9
771.9
 —
 771.9
Total fixed maturities2,159.5
 —
 2,159.5
Total available-for-sale fixed maturities2,159.5
 —
 2,159.5
Equity securities:          
Large-cap securities77.2
 77.2
 —
77.2
 77.2
 —
Mutual and exchange traded funds237.8
 237.8
 —
237.8
 237.8
 —
Total equity securities315.0
 315.0
 —
315.0
 315.0
 —
Other invested assets10.3
 10.3
 —
10.3
 10.3
 —
Total available-for-sale investments$2,484.8
 $325.3
 $2,159.5
Total investments$2,484.8
 $325.3
 $2,159.5
          

The following sections describe the valuation methods used by the Company for each type of financial instrument it holds that is not measured at fair value but for which fair value is disclosed:
Financial Instruments Disclosed, But Not Carried, At Fair Value
Other Invested Assets, at Cost
Included in other invested assets, at cost are common stock of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati (the "FHLB") and the Trust Securities. The Trust Securities and FHLB common stock are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. The fair value of the FHLB common stock at JuneSeptember 30, 2019, was $6.0 million and the fair value of the Trust Securities was $0.5 million. The investments have been placed in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

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Table of Contents
STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued (Unaudited)
 

Notes Receivable from Affiliate
In May 2009, the Company entered into two2 separate credit agreements with State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company (“State Auto Mutual") pursuant to which it loaned State Auto Mutual a total of $70.0 million at an interest rate of 7.00%. In May 2019, the Company refinanced the two2 credit agreements with State Auto Mutual at an interest rate of 4.05%,with principal payable in May 2029. The Company estimates the fair value of the notes receivable from affiliate using market quotations for U.S. treasury securities with similar maturity dates and applies an appropriate credit spread. Consequently this has been placed in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
($ millions, except interest rates)June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Carrying value Fair value Interest rate Carrying value 
Fair
value
 Interest rateCarrying value Fair value Interest rate Carrying value 
Fair
value
 Interest rate
Notes receivable from affiliate, May 2009$—
 $—
 —% $70.0
 $71.1
 7.00%$—
 $—
 —% $70.0
 $71.1
 7.00%
Notes receivable from affiliate, May 2019$70.0
 $74.2
 4.05% $—
 $—
 —%$70.0
 $76.8
 4.05% $—
 $—
 —%
                      

Notes Payable
Included in notes payable are the FHLB Loans and Subordinated Debentures. The Company estimates the fair value of the FHLB Loans by discounting cash flows using a borrowing rate currently available to the Company for loans with similar terms. The FHLB Loans have been placed in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The carrying amount of the Subordinated Debentures approximates its fair value as the interest rate adjusts quarterly and has been disclosed in Level 3.
($ millions, except interest rates)June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Carrying value Fair Value Interest rate Carrying value Fair value Interest rateCarrying value Fair Value Interest rate Carrying value Fair value Interest rate
FHLB Loan due 2021: issued $21.5, September 2016 with fixed interest$21.5
 $21.3
 1.73% $21.5
 $20.9
 1.73%$21.5
 $21.5
 1.73% $21.5
 $20.9
 1.73%
FHLB Loan due 2033: issued $85.0, May 2018 with fixed interest85.3
 96.5
 3.96% 85.3
 89.0
 3.96%85.3
 100.1
 3.96% 85.3
 89.0
 3.96%
Affiliate Subordinated Debentures due 2033: issued $15.5, May 2003 with variable interest15.2
 15.2
 6.72% 15.2
 15.2
 6.94%15.2
 15.2
 6.33% 15.2
 15.2
 6.94%
Total notes payable$122.0
 $133.0
   $122.0
 $125.1
  $122.0
 $136.8
   $122.0
 $125.1
  
                      


16

Table of Contents
STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued (Unaudited)
 

4. Losses and Loss Expenses Payable
The following table sets forth the activity in the liability for losses and loss expenses for the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018:
($ millions)2019 20182019 2018
Losses and loss expenses payable, at beginning of period$1,146.8
 $1,255.6
$1,146.8
 $1,255.6
Less: reinsurance recoverable on losses and loss expenses payable5.5
 3.1
5.5
 3.1
Net balance at beginning of period1,141.3
 1,252.5
1,141.3
 1,252.5
Incurred related to:      
Current year466.8
 468.4
692.7
 678.7
Prior years(37.6) (38.3)(55.1) (57.6)
Total incurred429.2
 430.1
637.6
 621.1
Paid related to:      
Current year198.6
 176.4
366.4
 314.1
Prior years245.1
 276.8
327.0
 365.8
Total paid443.7
 453.2
693.4
 679.9
Net balance at end of period1,126.8
 1,229.4
1,085.5
 1,193.7
Plus: reinsurance recoverable on losses and loss expenses payable8.4
 5.1
7.2
 5.0
Losses and loss expenses payable, at end of period$1,135.2
 $1,234.5
$1,092.7
 $1,198.7
      

The Company recorded favorable development related to prior years’ loss and loss expense reserves for the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019, of $37.6$55.1 million compared to favorable development of $38.3$57.6 million for the same 2018 period. Favorable development of prior accident years' non-catastrophe loss and ALAE reserves for the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 was $38.0$54.1 million. In the personal insurance segment, personal auto contributed $9.8$11.0 million of favorable development, primarily attributable to the 2017 and 2018 accident years.development. In the commercial insurance segment, all lines contributed favorable development, with workers' compensation, small commercial package, and middle market commercial contributed favorable development of $9.0contributing $13.4 million, $7.7$11.8 million, and $6.0$7.2 million, respectively.
For the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2018, favorable development of prior accident years' non-catastrophe loss and ALAE reserves was primarily due to $36.5$56.4 million of favorable development in the personal and commercial insurance segments. In the personal insurance segment, personal auto contributed $11.2$18.5 million of favorable development primarily attributable to the 2016 and 2017 accident years, and homeowners'homeowners contributed $5.7$7.2 million of favorable development, spread across several accident years.development. In the commercial insurance segment all lines contributed favorable development, with workers' compensation, small commercial package and commercial auto contributed $5.9contributing $8.4 million, $4.7$6.5 million, and $4.6$5.7 million, respectively, of favorable development.respectively. Slightly offsetting the favorable development was adverse development in the specialty insurance segment of $2.4$4.1 million. The specialty insurance segment was primarily impacted by $2.8$3.4 million and $0.9 million of adverse development in E&S casualty due primarily to development within our general liability and healthcare books of business. Favorable development of prior years' unallocated loss adjustment expenses was $4.7 million of the 2018 development.programs, respectively.
5. Reinsurance
The insurance subsidiaries of State Auto Financial, including State Auto P&C, Milbank and SA Ohio (collectively referred to as the “STFC Pooled Companies”) participate in a quota share reinsurance pooling arrangement (“the Pooling Arrangement”) with State Auto Mutual and its subsidiaries and affiliates (collectively referred to as the “Mutual Pooled Companies”).

17

Table of Contents
STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued (Unaudited)
 

The following table sets forth a summary of the Company’s external reinsurance transactions, as well as reinsurance transactions with State Auto Mutual under the Pooling Arrangement, for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018:
($ millions)Three months ended June 30 Six months ended June 30Three months ended September 30 Nine months ended September 30
2019 2018 2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
Premiums earned:              
Assumed from external insurers and reinsurers$20.1
 $14.2
 $38.3
 $24.6
$21.0
 $17.3
 $59.3
 $41.9
Assumed under Pooling Arrangement307.7
 307.5
 610.4
 622.4
319.6
 306.8
 930.0
 929.2
Ceded to external insurers and reinsurers(6.3) (5.4) (12.2) (10.8)(6.6) (5.9) (18.8) (16.7)
Ceded under Pooling Arrangement(254.6) (226.3) (497.6) (443.2)(263.9) (234.9) (761.5) (678.1)
Net assumed premiums earned$66.9
 $90.0
 $138.9
 $193.0
$70.1
 $83.3
 $209.0
 $276.3
Losses and loss expenses incurred:              
Assumed from external insurers and reinsurers$16.8
 $12.4
 $31.0
 $23.3
$14.6
 $10.9
 $45.6
 $34.2
Assumed under Pooling Arrangement235.4
 218.1
 430.1
 430.8
209.3
 191.4
 639.4
 622.3
Ceded to external insurers and reinsurers(5.0) (0.2) (5.6) (1.5)(0.6) (1.9) (6.2) (3.4)
Ceded under Pooling Arrangement(185.4) (181.1) (329.2) (337.6)(185.1) (148.4) (514.3) (486.0)
Net assumed losses and loss expenses incurred$61.8
 $49.2
 $126.3
 $115.0
$38.2
 $52.0
 $164.5
 $167.1
              

6. Income Taxes
The following table sets forth the reconciliation between actual federal income tax expense and the amount computed at the indicated statutory rate for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018:
($ millions)Three months ended June 30 Six months ended June 30Three months ended September 30 Nine months ended September 30
2019 2018 2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
Amount at statutory rate$(1.6) 21.0 % $1.6
 21.0 % $11.3
 21.0 % $0.9
 21.0 %$2.7
 21.0 % $8.6
 21.0 % $14.0
 21.0 % $9.5
 21.0 %
Tax-exempt interest and dividends received deduction(0.7) 9.0
 (0.5) (6.5) (1.4) (2.6) (1.2) (27.2)(0.7) (5.3) (0.5) (1.3) (2.1) (3.1) (1.7) (3.8)
Other, net0.9
 (10.7) 0.6
 7.2
 0.9
 1.5
 0.8
 17.0
(0.8) (6.3) (0.5) (1.1) 0.1
 —
 0.3
 0.6
Federal income tax (benefit) expense(1.4) 19.3 % 1.7
 21.7 % 10.8
 19.9 % $0.5
 10.8 %
Federal income tax expense1.2
 9.4 % 7.6
 18.6 % 12.0
 17.9 % $8.1
 17.8 %
                              

7. Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans
The following table sets forth information regarding the Company’s share of pension and postretirement benefit plans’
components of net periodic cost for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018:
($ millions)Pension Postretirement Pension PostretirementPension Postretirement Pension Postretirement
Three months ended June 30 Six months ended June 30Three months ended September 30 Nine months ended September 30
2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018
Service cost$1.0
 $1.3
 $—
 $—
 $2.0
 $2.6
 $—
 $—
$0.8
 $1.2
 $—
 $—
 $2.8
 $3.8
 $—
 $—
Interest cost2.8
 2.6
 0.1
 0.1
 5.7
 5.3
 0.3
 0.3
2.9
 2.7
 0.2
 0.2
 8.6
 8.0
 0.5
 0.5
Expected return on plan assets(4.1) (4.5) —
 —
 (8.3) (9.0) —
 —
(4.2) (4.5) —
 —
 (12.5) (13.5) —
 —
Amortization of:                              
Negative prior service cost—
 —
 (1.3) (1.3) —
 —
 (2.7) (2.7)—
 —
 (1.4) (1.4) —
 —
 (4.1) (4.1)
Net actuarial loss1.5
 2.0
 —
 —
 3.0
 4.1
 0.1
 0.1
1.5
 2.1
 0.1
 0.1
 4.5
 6.2
 0.2
 0.2
Net periodic cost (benefit)$1.2
 $1.4
 $(1.2) $(1.2) $2.4
 $3.0
 $(2.3) $(2.3)$1.0
 $1.5
 $(1.1) $(1.1) $3.4
 $4.5
 $(3.4) $(3.4)
                              

The Company contributed $10.0 million to its pension plan for the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019.

18

Table of Contents
STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued (Unaudited)
 

8. Other Comprehensive Income and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The following tables set forth the changes in the Company’s accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income ("AOC(L)I"), net of tax, for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018:
($ millions)

($ millions)

Unrealized Gains
and Losses on
Available-for-Sale
 Securities
 Benefit Plan Items Total
($ millions)

Unrealized Gains
and Losses on
Available-for-Sale
 Securities
 Benefit Plan Items Total
Beginning balance at April 1, 2019$7.0
 $(75.6) $(68.6)
Beginning balance at July 1, 2019Beginning balance at July 1, 2019$33.2
 $(74.9) $(41.7)
Other comprehensive income before reclassificationsOther comprehensive income before reclassifications27.4
 —
 27.4
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications17.8
 —
 17.8
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (a)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (a)
(1.2) 0.7
 (0.5)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (a)
(0.9) 0.6
 (0.3)
Net current period other comprehensive incomeNet current period other comprehensive income26.2
 0.7
 26.9
Net current period other comprehensive income16.9
 0.6
 17.5
Ending balance at June 30, 2019$33.2
 $(74.9) $(41.7)
Ending balance at September 30, 2019Ending balance at September 30, 2019$50.1
 $(74.3) $(24.2)
           
Beginning balance at April 1, 2018$(11.2) $(76.9) $(88.1)
Beginning balance at July 1, 2018Beginning balance at July 1, 2018$(20.3) $(75.5) $(95.8)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassificationsOther comprehensive loss before reclassifications(8.1) —
 (8.1)Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications(11.6) —
 (11.6)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (a)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (a)
(1.0) 1.4
 0.4
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (a)
—
 1.3
 1.3
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) incomeNet current period other comprehensive (loss) income(9.1) 1.4
 (7.7)Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income(11.6) 1.3
 (10.3)
Ending balance at June 30, 2018$(20.3) $(75.5) $(95.8)
Ending balance at September 30, 2018Ending balance at September 30, 2018$(31.9) $(74.2) $(106.1)
            
(a)See separate table below for details about these reclassificationsSee separate table below for details about these reclassifications

($ millions)

($ millions)

Unrealized Gains
and Losses on
Available-for-Sale
 Securities
 Benefit Plan Items Total
($ millions)

Unrealized Gains
and Losses on
Available-for-Sale
 Securities
 Benefit Plan Items Total
Beginning balance at January 1, 2019Beginning balance at January 1, 2019$(20.2) $(76.2) $(96.4)Beginning balance at January 1, 2019$(20.2) $(76.2) $(96.4)
Other comprehensive income before reclassificationsOther comprehensive income before reclassifications54.7
 —
 54.7
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications72.5
 —
 72.5
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (a)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (a)
(1.3) 1.3
 —
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (a)
(2.2) 1.9
 (0.3)
Net current period other comprehensive incomeNet current period other comprehensive income53.4
 1.3
 54.7
Net current period other comprehensive income70.3
 1.9
 72.2
Ending balance at June 30, 2019$33.2
 $(74.9) $(41.7)
Ending balance at September 30, 2019Ending balance at September 30, 2019$50.1
 $(74.3) $(24.2)
           
Beginning balance at January 1, 2018Beginning balance at January 1, 2018$66.0
 $(62.2) $3.8
Beginning balance at January 1, 2018$66.0
 $(62.2) $3.8
Cumulative effect of change in accounting for equity securities and other invested assets and reclassification of stranded tax effects as of January 1, 2018Cumulative effect of change in accounting for equity securities and other invested assets and reclassification of stranded tax effects as of January 1, 2018(47.9) (16.0) (63.9)Cumulative effect of change in accounting for equity securities and other invested assets and reclassification of stranded tax effects as of January 1, 2018(47.9) (16.0) (63.9)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassificationsOther comprehensive loss before reclassifications(37.1) —
 (37.1)Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications(48.7) —
 (48.7)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (a)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (a)
(1.3) 2.7
 1.4
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (a)
(1.3) 4.0
 2.7
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) incomeNet current period other comprehensive (loss) income(38.4) 2.7
 (35.7)Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income(50.0) 4.0
 (46.0)
Ending balance at June 30, 2018$(20.3) $(75.5) $(95.8)
Ending balance at September 30, 2018Ending balance at September 30, 2018$(31.9) $(74.2) $(106.1)
            
(a)See separate table below for details about these reclassificationsSee separate table below for details about these reclassifications


19

Table of Contents
STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued (Unaudited)
 

The following tables set forth the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income, by component, to the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of income for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018:
($ millions)($ millions)     ($ millions)     
Details about Accumulated Other Details about Accumulated Other  Three months ended June 30 Affected line item in the CondensedDetails about Accumulated Other  Three months ended September 30 Affected line item in the Condensed
Comprehensive Income ComponentsComprehensive Income Components Consolidated Statements of IncomeComprehensive Income Components Consolidated Statements of Income
 2019 2018    2019 2018  
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale fixed maturity investmentsUnrealized gains on available-for-sale fixed maturity investments $1.5
 $1.3
 Realized gains on sale of securitiesUnrealized gains on available-for-sale fixed maturity investments $1.2
 $—
 Realized gains on sale of securities
 1.5
 1.3
 Total before tax  1.2
 —
 Total before tax
 (0.3) (0.3) Tax expense  (0.3) —
 Tax expense
 1.2
 1.0
 Net of tax  0.9
 —
 Net of tax
Amortization of benefit plan itemsAmortization of benefit plan items     Amortization of benefit plan items     
Negative prior service costNegative prior service cost 1.6
 1.6
 (b)Negative prior service cost 1.6
 1.6
 (b)
Net actuarial lossNet actuarial loss (2.4) (3.3) (b)Net actuarial loss (2.4) (3.3) (b)
 (0.8) (1.7) Total before tax  (0.8) (1.7) Total before tax
 0.1
 0.3
 Tax benefit  0.2
 0.4
 Tax benefit
 (0.7) (1.4) Net of tax  (0.6) (1.3) Net of tax
Total reclassifications for the periodTotal reclassifications for the period $0.5
 $(0.4) Total reclassifications for the period $0.3
 $(1.3) 
          
(b)These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost (see pension and postretirement benefit plans footnote for additional details).These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost (see pension and postretirement benefit plans footnote for additional details).

($ millions)($ millions)     ($ millions)     
Details about Accumulated Other Details about Accumulated Other  Six months ended June 30 Affected line item in the CondensedDetails about Accumulated Other  Nine months ended September 30 Affected line item in the Condensed
Comprehensive Income ComponentsComprehensive Income Components Consolidated Statements of IncomeComprehensive Income Components Consolidated Statements of Income
 2019 2018    2019 2018  
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale fixed maturity investmentsUnrealized gains on available-for-sale fixed maturity investments $1.6
 $1.7
 Realized gain on sale of securitiesUnrealized gains on available-for-sale fixed maturity investments $2.8
 $1.7
 Realized gain on sale of securities
 1.6
 1.7
 Total before tax  2.8
 1.7
 Total before tax
 (0.3) (0.4) Tax expense  (0.6) (0.4) Tax expense
 1.3
 1.3
 Net of tax  2.2
 1.3
 Net of tax
Amortization of benefit plan itemsAmortization of benefit plan items     Amortization of benefit plan items     
Negative prior service costNegative prior service cost 3.2
 3.2
 (b)Negative prior service cost 4.8
 4.8
 (b)
Net actuarial lossNet actuarial loss (4.8) (6.6) (b)Net actuarial loss (7.2) (9.9) (b)
 (1.6) (3.4) Total before tax  (2.4) (5.1) Total before tax
 0.3
 0.7
 Tax benefit  0.5
 1.1
 Tax benefit
 (1.3) (2.7) Net of tax  (1.9) (4.0) Net of tax
Total reclassifications for the periodTotal reclassifications for the period $—
 $(1.4) Total reclassifications for the period $0.3
 $(2.7) 
          
(b)These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost (see pension and postretirement benefit plans footnote for additional details).These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost (see pension and postretirement benefit plans footnote for additional details).


20

Table of Contents
STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued (Unaudited)
 

9. Net (Loss) Earnings per Common Share
The following table sets forth the compilation of basic and diluted (loss) earnings per common share for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018:
($ and shares in millions, except per share amounts)Three months ended June 30 Six months ended June 30Three months ended September 30 Nine months ended September 30
2019 2018 2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
Numerator:              
Net (loss) income for basic earnings per common share$(6.2) $6.0
 $43.2
 $3.9
Net income for basic earnings per common share$11.5
 $33.4
 $54.7
 $37.3
Denominator:              
Weighted average shares for basic (loss) earnings per common share43.4
 42.8
 43.3
 42.7
43.5
 43.0
 43.4
 42.8
Effect of dilutive share-based awards—
 0.6
 0.6
 0.6
0.5
 0.6
 0.6
 0.5
Adjusted weighted average shares for diluted net (loss) earnings per common share43.4
 43.4
 43.9
 43.3
44.0
 43.6
 44.0
 43.3
              
Basic net (loss) earnings per common share$(0.14) $0.14
 $1.00
 $0.09
Diluted net (loss) earnings per common share$(0.14) $0.14
 $1.00
 $0.09
Basic net earnings per common share$0.26
 $0.78
 $1.26
 $0.87
Diluted net earnings per common share$0.25
 $0.76
 $1.25
 $0.86
              

The following table sets forth common stock options, stock awards and restricted share units ("RSU award") of the Company that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because the exercise price of the options, or awards, was greater than the average market price or their inclusion would have been antidilutive for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018:
(shares in millions)Three months ended June 30 Six months ended June 30Three months ended September 30 Nine months ended September 30
2019 2018 2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
Total number of antidilutive options and awards0.6
 0.7
 —
 0.7
—
 —
 —
 0.1
              


21

Table of Contents
STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued (Unaudited)
 

10. Segment Information
The Company changed its reportable segments from four to three effective January 1, 2019. The exit from the specialty insurance business resulted in the elimination of specialty insurance as a reportable segment as it no longer is material to the Company's results and is disclosed as "specialty run-off." The three3 remaining reportable segments are: personal insurance, commercial insurance, and investment operations. The reportable insurance segments are business units managed separately because of the differences in the type of customers they serve, the products they provide or services they offer. The insurance segments market a broad line of property and casualty insurance products throughout the United States through independent insurance agencies, which include retail agents and wholesale brokers. The investment operations segment, managed by Stateco, provides investment services.
The Company evaluates the performance of its insurance segments using industry financial measurements based on Statutory Accounting Practices (“SAP”), which include loss and loss adjustment expense ratios, underwriting expense ratios, combined ratios, statutory underwriting gain (loss), net premiums earned and net written premiums. One of the most significant differences between SAP and GAAP is that SAP requires all underwriting expenses to be expensed immediately and not deferred and amortized over the same period the premium is earned.
The investment operations segment is evaluated based on investment returns of assets managed by Stateco. Asset information by segment is not reported for the insurance segments because the Company does not produce such information internally.

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued (Unaudited)
 

The following table sets forth financial information regarding the Company’s reportable segments and specialty run-off for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018:
($ millions)Three months ended June 30 Six months ended June 30Three months ended September 30 Nine months ended September 30
2019 2018 2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
Revenue from external sources:              
Insurance operations              
Personal insurance$188.3
 $164.9
 $369.8
 $321.2
$192.7
 $173.0
 $562.5
 $494.2
Commercial insurance118.0
 115.6
 234.4
 230.5
127.0
 115.2
 361.4
 345.7
Specialty run-off1.4
 27.0
 6.2
 70.7
(0.1) 18.6
 6.1
 89.3
Total insurance operations307.7
 307.5
 610.4
 622.4
319.6
 306.8
 930.0
 929.2
Investment operations              
Net investment income21.7
 21.5
 41.1
 41.4
19.3
 20.8
 60.4
 62.2
Net investment gain10.3
 12.1
 55.2
 0.4
Net investment (loss) gain(5.0) 17.8
 50.2
 18.2
Total investment operations32.0
 33.6
 96.3
 41.8
14.3
 38.6
 110.6
 80.4
All other0.4
 0.6
 1.0
 1.2
0.6
 0.6
 1.6
 1.8
Total revenue from external sources340.1
 341.7
 707.7
 665.4
334.5
 346.0
 1,042.2
 1,011.4
Intersegment revenue1.6
 1.8
 3.2
 3.2
1.7
 1.6
 4.9
 4.8
Total revenue341.7
 343.5
 710.9
 668.6
336.2
 347.6
 1,047.1
 1,016.2
Reconciling items:              
Eliminate intersegment revenue(1.6) (1.8) (3.2) (3.2)(1.7) (1.6) (4.9) (4.8)
Total consolidated revenues$340.1
 $341.7
 $707.7
 $665.4
$334.5
 $346.0
 $1,042.2
 $1,011.4
Segment (loss) income before federal income tax:              
Insurance operations SAP underwriting (loss) gain              
Personal insurance$(29.9) $(13.2) $(25.7) $(11.5)$(6.3) $6.9
 $(32.0) $(4.6)
Commercial insurance(12.4) (8.8) (18.3) (17.1)1.2
 (5.2) (17.1) (22.3)
Specialty run-off0.7
 1.0
 (0.7) 2.6
(0.6) 1.9
 (1.3) 4.5
Total insurance operations(41.6) (21.0) (44.7) (26.0)(5.7) 3.6
 (50.4) (22.4)
Investment operations              
Net investment income21.7
 21.5
 41.1
 41.4
19.3
 20.8
 60.4
 62.2
Net investment gain10.3
 12.1
 55.2
 0.4
Net investment (loss) gain(5.0) 17.8
 50.2
 18.2
Total investment operations32.0
 33.6
 96.3
 41.8
14.3
 38.6
 110.6
 80.4
All other0.1
 0.1
 0.2
 0.2
—
 0.1
 0.2
 0.3
Total segment (loss) income before reconciling items(9.5) 12.7
 51.8
 16.0
Total segment income before reconciling items8.6
 42.3
 60.4
 58.3
Reconciling items:              
GAAP expense adjustments6.1
 0.6
 10.1
 (3.4)7.2
 0.8
 17.3
 (2.6)
Interest expense on corporate debt(1.3) (1.7) (2.5) (3.3)(1.2) (1.2) (3.7) (4.5)
Corporate expenses(2.9) (3.9) (5.4) (4.9)(1.9) (0.9) (7.3) (5.8)
Total reconciling items1.9
 (5.0) 2.2
 (11.6)4.1
 (1.3) 6.3
 (12.9)
Total consolidated (loss) income before federal income tax$(7.6) $7.7
 $54.0
 $4.4
Total consolidated income before federal income tax$12.7
 $41.0
 $66.7
 $45.4
              

Investable assets attributable to the Company’s investment operations segment totaled $2,709.1$2,742.0 million and $2,658.7 million at JuneSeptember 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, respectively.

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued (Unaudited)
 

11.  Contingencies and Litigation
In accordance with the Contingencies Topic of the FASB's Accounting Standards Codification, the Company accrues for a litigation-related liability when it is probable that such a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. The Company reviews all litigation on an ongoing basis when making accrual and disclosure decisions. For certain legal proceedings, the Company cannot reasonably estimate a loss or a range of loss, if any, particularly for proceedings that are in their early stages of development or where the plaintiffs seek indeterminate damages. Various factors, including, but not limited to, the outcome of potentially lengthy discovery and the resolution of important factual questions, may need to be determined before probability can be established or before a loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. If the loss contingency in question is not both probable and reasonably estimable, the Company does not establish an accrual and the matter will continue to be monitored for any developments that would make the loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. Based on currently available information known to the Company, it believes that its reserves for litigation-related liabilities are reasonable. However, in the event that a legal proceeding results in a substantial judgment against, or settlement by, the Company, there can be no assurance that any resulting liability or financial commitment would not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
The Company is involved in lawsuits in the ordinary course of its business arising out of or otherwise related to its insurance policies. Additionally, from time to time the Company may be involved in lawsuits, including class actions, in the ordinary course of business but not arising out of or otherwise related to its insurance policies. These lawsuits are in various stages of development. The Company generally will contest these matters vigorously but may pursue settlement if appropriate. Based on currently available information, the Company does not believe it is reasonably possible that any such lawsuit or related lawsuits will be material to its results of operations or have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Additionally, the Company may be impacted by adverse regulatory actions and adverse court decisions where insurance coverages are expanded beyond the scope originally contemplated in its insurance policies. The Company believes that the effects, if any, of such regulatory actions and published court decisions are not likely to have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The term “State Auto Financial” as used below refers only to State Auto Financial Corporation and the terms “our Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” as used below refer to State Auto Financial Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. The term “second“third quarter” as used below refers to the three months ended JuneSeptember 30 for the time period then ended. For a glossary of terms for State Auto Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries and affiliates and a glossary of selected insurance and accounting terms, see the section entitled “Important Defined Terms Used in this Form 10-K” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (the “2018 Form 10-K”).
The discussion and analysis presented below relates to the material changes in financial condition and results of operations for our consolidated balance sheets as of JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, and for the consolidated statements of income for the three and sixnine month periodperiods ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018. This discussion and analysis should be read together with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in the 2018 Form 10-K, and in particular the discussions in those sections thereof entitled “Overview,” “Executive Summary,” and “Critical Accounting Policies.” Readers are encouraged to review the entire 2018 Form 10-K, as it includes information regarding our Company not discussed in this Form 10-Q. This information will assist in your understanding of the discussion of our current period financial results.
The discussion and analysis presented below includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “project,” “believe” or “continue” or the negative thereof or variations thereon or similar terminology. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date the statements were made available. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in forward-looking statements have a reasonable basis, we can give no assurance that these expectations will prove to be correct. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the statements. For a discussion of the most significant risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected, see “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of the 2018 Form 10-K, updated by Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q. Except to the limited extent required by applicable law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
We have three reportable segments: personal insurance, commercial insurance, and investment operations. The reportable insurance segments are business units managed separately because of the differences in the type of customers they serve or products they provide or services they offer. The insurance segments market a broad line of property and casualty insurance products throughout the United States through independent insurance agencies, which include retail agents and wholesale brokers. The investment operations segment, managed by Stateco, provides investment services. See “Personal and Commercial Insurance” in Item 1 of the 2018 Form 10-K for more information about our insurance segments. As previously disclosed, we stopped writing our specialty insurance business on a net basis in 2018. As a result, effective January 1, 2019, the specialty insurance business is no longer a reportable segment as it no longer is material to our results and is disclosed as "specialty run-off." Financial information about our reportable segments for 2019 is set forth in Note 10 of our condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

 POOLING ARRANGEMENT
The STFC Pooled Companies and the Mutual Pooled Companies participate in a quota share reinsurance pooling arrangement referred to as the “Pooling Arrangement." Under the Pooling Arrangement, State Auto Mutual assumes premiums, losses and expenses from each of the Pooled Companies and in turn cedes to each of the Pooled Companies a specified portion of premiums, losses and expenses based on each of the Pooled Companies’ respective pooling percentages. State Auto Mutual then retains the balance of the pooled business.
The following table sets forth the participants and their participation percentages in the Pooling Arrangement:
STFC Pooled Companies: 
State Auto P&C51.0%
Milbank14.0
SA Ohio—
Total STFC Pooled Companies65.0%
State Auto Mutual Pooled Companies: 
State Auto Mutual34.5%
SA Wisconsin—
Meridian Security—
Patrons Mutual0.5
RIC—
Plaza—
American Compensation—
Bloomington Compensation—
Total State Auto Mutual Pooled Companies35.0%
   

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 The following table sets forth certain key performance indicators we use to monitor our operations for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018:
($ millions, except per share amounts)Three months ended June 30 Six months ended June 30Three months ended September 30 Nine months ended September 30
2019 2018 2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
GAAP Basis:              
Total revenues$340.1
 $341.7
 $707.7
 $665.4
$334.5
 $346.0
 $1,042.2
 $1,011.4
(Loss) income before federal income taxes$(7.6) $7.7
 $54.0
 $4.4
Net (loss) income$(6.2) $6.0
 $43.2
 $3.9
Basic (loss) earnings per share$(0.14) $0.14
 $1.00
 $0.09
Diluted (loss) earnings per share$(0.14) $0.14
 $1.00
 $0.09
Income before federal income taxes$12.7
 $41.0
 $66.7
 $45.4
Net income$11.5
 $33.4
 $54.7
 $37.3
Basic earnings per share$0.26
 $0.78
 $1.26
 $0.87
Diluted earnings per share$0.25
 $0.76
 $1.25
 $0.86
Stockholders’ equity$916.2
 $808.5
    $943.7
 $831.6
    
Return on average equity (LTM)6.0% (1.3)%    3.4% 3.7 %    
Book value per share$21.07
 $18.85
    $21.68
 $19.36
    
Debt to capital ratio11.8% 13.1 %    11.4% 12.8 %    
Cat loss and ALAE ratio15.4% 12.2 % 10.7% 7.6 %3.3% 5.3 % 8.1% 6.8 %
Non-cat loss and LAE ratio60.9% 58.6 % 59.6% 61.5 %61.9% 57.0 % 60.5% 60.0 %
Loss and LAE ratio76.3% 70.8 % 70.3% 69.1 %65.2% 62.3 % 68.6% 66.8 %
Expense ratio35.1% 36.2 % 35.3% 35.7 %34.3% 36.1 % 35.0% 35.8 %
Combined ratio111.4% 107.0 % 105.6% 104.8 %99.5% 98.4 % 103.6% 102.6 %
Premium written growth10.9% (9.7)% 7.9% (7.4)%11.0% (2.8)% 9.0% (5.9)%
Investment yield3.3% 3.2 % 3.1% 3.1 %2.9% 3.1 % 3.0% 3.1 %
              
SAP Basis:              
Cat loss and ALAE ratio15.4% 12.2 % 10.7% 7.6 %3.3% 5.3 % 8.1% 6.8 %
Non-cat loss and ALAE ratio54.5% 52.4 % 53.4% 55.6 %56.1% 51.2 % 54.3% 54.2 %
ULAE ratio6.7% 6.3 % 6.5% 6.0 %6.0% 5.9 % 6.3% 6.0 %
Loss and LAE ratio76.6% 70.9 % 70.6% 69.2 %65.4% 62.4 % 68.7% 67.0 %
Expense ratio33.3% 35.8 % 34.7% 36.2 %33.6% 35.8 % 34.3% 36.1 %
Combined ratio109.9% 106.7 % 105.3% 105.4 %99.0% 98.2 % 103.0% 103.1 %
              
 Twelve months ended June 30
 2019 2018
Net premiums written to surplus1.4
 1.4
 Twelve months ended September 30
 2019 2018
Net premiums written to surplus1.5
 1.4
Our pre-tax lossincome for the three months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 was $7.6$12.7 million, compared to pre-tax income of $7.7 million for the same 2018 period.This loss was primarily due to an increase in both catastrophe and non-catastrophe losses, partially offset by a decrease in acquisition and operating expenses. Our pre-tax income for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $54.0 million, an increase of $49.6$28.3 million when compared to the same 2018 period. ThisThe change was primarily driven by (i) net investment losses of $5.0 million versus net investment gains of $17.8 million and (ii) a slight decline in net underwriting results, due to an increase in non-catastrophe losses, partially offset by an increase in earned premiums and lower catastrophe losses when compared to the same 2018 period.
Our pre-tax income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $66.7 million, an increase of $21.3 million when compared to the same 2018 period. The change was primarily driven by net investment gains of $55.2$50.2 million compared to $0.4net investment gains of $18.2 million, partially offset by a decline in net underwriting results, due to increases in catastrophe and non-catastrophe losses when compared to the same 2018 period.


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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Insurance Segments
We measure our top-line growth for our insurance segments based on net written premiums, which provides us with an indication of how well we are doing in terms of revenue growth before it is actually earned. Our policies provide a fixed amount of coverage for a stated period of time, often referred to as the “policy term.” As such, our written premiums are recognized as earned ratably over the policy term. The unearned portion of written premiums, called unearned premiums, is reflected on our balance sheet as a liability and represents our obligation to provide coverage for the unexpired term of the policies.
Insurance industry regulators require our insurance subsidiaries to report their financial condition and results of operations using SAP. We use SAP financial results, along with industry standard financial measures determined on a SAP basis and certain measures determined on a GAAP basis, to internally monitor the performance of our insurance segments and reward our employees.
One of the more significant differences between GAAP and SAP is that SAP requires all underwriting expenses to be expensed immediately and not deferred over the same period that the premium is earned. In converting SAP underwriting results to GAAP underwriting results, acquisition costs are deferred and amortized over the periods the related written premiums are earned. For a discussion of deferred acquisition costs, see “Critical Accounting Policies – Deferred Acquisition Costs” section included in Item 7 of our 2018 Form 10-K.
The accounting for pension benefits also contributes to the difference between our GAAP loss and expense ratios and our SAP loss and expense ratios. For a discussion of our pension and postretirement benefit obligations, see the “Critical Accounting Policies – Pension and Postretirement Benefit Obligations” section included in Item 7 of our 2018 Form 10-K.
All references to financial measures or components thereof in this discussion are calculated on a GAAP basis, unless otherwise noted.

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

The following tables set forth certain key performance indicators based on SAP for our insurance segments for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018:
($ in millions)            
Three months ended June 30, 2019 Personal & Commercial Specialty run-off Total
Three months ended September 30, 2019 Personal & Commercial Specialty run-off Total
            
Net written premiums $341.2
 $0.5
 $341.7
 $347.2
 $(0.4) $346.8
Net earned premiums 306.3
 1.4
 307.7
 319.7
 (0.1) 319.6
Losses and LAE incurred:            
Cat loss and ALAE 44.2
 3.2
 47.4
 10.3
 0.3
 10.6
Non-cat loss and ALAE            
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE (14.3) (2.8) (17.1) (15.2) (0.9) (16.1)
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE 183.9
 0.8
 184.7
 195.0
 0.1
 195.1
Total non-cat loss and ALAE 169.6
 (2.0) 167.6
 179.8
 (0.8) 179.0
Total Loss and ALAE 213.8
 1.2
 215.0
 190.1
 (0.5) 189.6
ULAE 20.9
 (0.3) 20.6
 19.2
 (0.1) 19.1
Total Loss and LAE 234.7
 0.9
 235.6
 209.3
 (0.6) 208.7
Underwriting expenses 113.9
 (0.2) 113.7
 115.5
 1.1
 116.6
Net underwriting (loss) gain $(42.3) $0.7
 $(41.6)
Net underwriting loss $(5.1) $(0.6) $(5.7)
            
Cat loss and ALAE ratio 14.4 % 
N/M(1)

 15.4 % 3.2 % 
N/M(1)

 3.3 %
Non-cat loss and ALAE ratio            
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE ratio (4.7)% N/M
 (5.5)% (4.8)% N/M
 (5.1)%
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 60.0 % N/M
 60.0 % 61.0 % N/M
 61.2 %
Total non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 55.3 % N/M
 54.5 % 56.2 % N/M
 56.1 %
Total Loss and ALAE ratio 69.7 % N/M
 69.9 % 59.4 % N/M
 59.4 %
ULAE ratio 6.8 % N/M
 6.7 % 6.0 % N/M
 6.0 %
Total Loss and LAE ratio 76.5 % N/M
 76.6 % 65.4 % N/M
 65.4 %
Expense ratio 33.4 % N/M
 33.3 % 33.3 % N/M
 33.6 %
Combined ratio 109.9 % N/M
 109.9 % 98.7 % N/M
 99.0 %
            
(1) N/M = Not Meaningful
            

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

($ in millions)            
Three months ended June 30, 2018 Personal & Commercial Specialty run-off Total
Three months ended September 30, 2018 Personal & Commercial Specialty run-off Total
            
Net written premiums $305.7
 $2.4
 $308.1
 $312.9
 $(0.5) $312.4
Net earned premiums 280.5
 27.0
 307.5
 288.2
 18.6
 306.8
Losses and LAE incurred:            
Cat loss and ALAE 37.7
 (0.2) 37.5
 15.9
 0.4
 16.3
Non-cat loss and ALAE            
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE (20.2) 2.1
 (18.1) (19.9) 1.8
 (18.1)
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE 161.6
 18.0
 179.6
 163.7
 11.4
 175.1
Total non-cat loss and ALAE 141.4
 20.1
 161.5
 143.8
 13.2
 157.0
Total Loss and ALAE 179.1
 19.9
 199.0
 159.7
 13.6
 173.3
ULAE 17.5
 1.5
 19.0
 17.3
 0.8
 18.1
Total Loss and LAE 196.6
 21.4
 218.0
 177.0
 14.4
 191.4
Underwriting expenses 105.9
 4.6
 110.5
 109.5
 2.3
 111.8
Net underwriting (loss) gain $(22.0) $1.0
 $(21.0)
Net underwriting gain $1.7
 $1.9
 $3.6
            
Cat loss and ALAE ratio 13.4 % (0.7)% 12.2 % 5.5 % 2.2 % 5.3 %
Non-cat loss and ALAE ratio            
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE ratio (7.2)% 7.8 % (5.9)% (6.9)% 9.4 % (5.9)%
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 57.6 % 66.4 % 58.3 % 56.8 % 62.1 % 57.1 %
Total non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 50.4 % 74.2 % 52.4 % 49.9 % 71.5 % 51.2 %
Total Loss and ALAE ratio 63.8 % 73.5 % 64.6 % 55.4 % 73.7 % 56.5 %
ULAE ratio 6.3 % 5.6 % 6.3 % 6.0 % 3.9 % 5.9 %
Total Loss and LAE ratio 70.1 % 79.1 % 70.9 % 61.4 % 77.6 % 62.4 %
Expense ratio 34.6 % 192.2 % 35.8 % 35.0 % (439.2)% 35.8 %
Combined ratio 104.7 % 271.3 % 106.7 % 96.4 % (361.6)% 98.2 %
            


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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

($ in millions)            
Six months ended June 30, 2019 Personal & Commercial Specialty run-off Total
Nine months ended September 30, 2019 Personal & Commercial Specialty run-off Total
            
Net written premiums $646.8
 $0.9
 $647.7
 $994.0
 $0.5
 $994.5
Net earned premiums 604.2
 6.2
 610.4
 923.9
 6.1
 930.0
Losses and LAE incurred:            
Cat loss and ALAE 61.4
 3.7
 65.1
 71.7
 4.0
 75.7
Non-cat loss and ALAE            
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE (36.5) (1.5) (38.0) (51.7) (2.4) (54.1)
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE 358.6
 4.8
 363.4
 553.6
 4.9
 558.5
Total non-cat loss and ALAE 322.1
 3.3
 325.4
 501.9
 2.5
 504.4
Total Loss and ALAE 383.5
 7.0
 390.5
 573.6
 6.5
 580.1
ULAE 40.4
 (0.7) 39.7
 59.6
 (0.8) 58.8
Total Loss and LAE 423.9
 6.3
 430.2
 633.2
 5.7
 638.9
Underwriting expenses 224.3
 0.6
 224.9
 339.8
 1.7
 341.5
Net underwriting loss $(44.0) $(0.7) $(44.7) $(49.1) $(1.3) $(50.4)
            
Cat loss and ALAE ratio 10.2 % 
N/M(1)

 10.7 % 7.8 % 
N/M(1)

 8.1 %
Non-cat loss and ALAE ratio            
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE ratio (6.0)% N/M
 (6.2)% (5.6)% N/M
 (5.8)%
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 59.3 % N/M
 59.6 % 59.9 % N/M
 60.1 %
Total non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 53.3 % N/M
 53.4 % 54.3 % N/M
 54.3 %
Total Loss and ALAE ratio 63.5 % N/M
 64.1 % 62.1 % N/M
 62.4 %
ULAE ratio 6.7 % N/M
 6.5 % 6.4 % N/M
 6.3 %
Total Loss and LAE ratio 70.2 % N/M
 70.6 % 68.5 % N/M
 68.7 %
Expense ratio 34.7 % N/M
 34.7 % 34.2 % N/M
 34.3 %
Combined ratio 104.9 % N/M
 105.3 % 102.7 % N/M
 103.0 %
            
(1) N/M = Not Meaningful
            

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

($ in millions)            
Six months ended June 30, 2018 Personal & Commercial Specialty run-off Total
Nine months ended September 30, 2018 Personal & Commercial Specialty run-off Total
            
Net written premiums $585.5
 $14.8
 $600.3
 $898.4
 $14.3
 $912.7
Net earned premiums 551.7
 70.7
 622.4
 839.9
 89.3
 929.2
Losses and LAE incurred:            
Cat loss and ALAE 47.5
 (0.2) 47.3
 63.4
 0.2
 63.6
Non-cat loss and ALAE            
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE (36.5) 2.4
 (34.1) (56.4) 4.2
 (52.2)
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE 332.3
 48.0
 380.3
 496.0
 59.4
 555.4
Total non-cat loss and ALAE 295.8
 50.4
 346.2
 439.6
 63.6
 503.2
Total Loss and ALAE 343.3
 50.2
 393.5
 503.0
 63.8
 566.8
ULAE 33.7
 3.7
 37.4
 51.0
 4.5
 55.5
Total Loss and LAE 377.0
 53.9
 430.9
 554.0
 68.3
 622.3
Underwriting expenses 203.3
 14.2
 217.5
 312.8
 16.5
 329.3
Net underwriting (loss) gain $(28.6) $2.6
 $(26.0) $(26.9) $4.5
 $(22.4)
            
Cat loss and ALAE ratio 8.6 % (0.3)% 7.6 % 7.6 % 0.2% 6.8 %
Non-cat loss and ALAE ratio            
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE ratio (6.6)% 3.4 % (5.5)% (6.7)% 4.6% (5.6)%
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 60.2 % 67.8 % 61.1 % 59.0 % 66.6% 59.8 %
Total non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 53.6 % 71.2 % 55.6 % 52.3 % 71.2% 54.2 %
Total Loss and ALAE ratio 62.2 % 70.9 % 63.2 % 59.9 % 71.4% 61.0 %
ULAE ratio 6.1 % 5.2 % 6.0 % 6.1 % 5.0% 6.0 %
Total Loss and LAE ratio 68.3 % 76.1 % 69.2 % 66.0 % 76.4% 67.0 %
Expense ratio 34.7 % 96.2 % 36.2 % 34.8 % 115.9% 36.1 %
Combined ratio 103.0 % 172.3 % 105.4 % 100.8 % 192.3% 103.1 %
            

32

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Personal Insurance Segment
The following tables set forth certain key performance indicators based on SAP by major product line for our personal insurance segment for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018:
Table 1
($ in millions)                
Three months ended June 30, 2019 Personal Auto Homeowners Other Personal Total
Three months ended September 30, 2019 Personal Auto Homeowners Other Personal Total
                
Net written premiums $110.0
 $85.5
 $9.4
 $204.9
 $107.1
 $91.5
 $11.2
 $209.8
Net earned premiums 108.4
 71.8
 8.1
 188.3
 108.3
 75.6
 8.8
 192.7
Losses and LAE incurred:                
Cat loss and ALAE 3.6
 28.4
 3.0
 35.0
 0.9
 7.0
 0.3
 8.2
Non-cat loss and ALAE                
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE (3.0) (0.1) (0.3) (3.4) (1.2) —
 (0.9) (2.1)
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE 69.0
 39.3
 3.6
 111.9
 73.0
 41.2
 4.7
 118.9
Total non-cat loss and ALAE 66.0
 39.2
 3.3
 108.5
 71.8
 41.2
 3.8
 116.8
Total Loss and ALAE 69.6
 67.6
 6.3
 143.5
 72.7
 48.2
 4.1
 125.0
ULAE 7.6
 5.5
 0.4
 13.5
 7.4
 4.4
 0.2
 12.0
Total Loss and LAE 77.2
 73.1
 6.7
 157.0
 80.1
 52.6
 4.3
 137.0
Underwriting expenses 33.1
 25.2
 2.9
 61.2
 30.9
 27.8
 3.3
 62.0
Net underwriting loss $(1.9) $(26.5) $(1.5) $(29.9)
Net underwriting (loss) gain $(2.7) $(4.8) $1.2
 $(6.3)
                
Cat loss and ALAE ratio 3.3 % 39.5 % 37.3 % 18.6 % 0.8 % 9.2% 3.5 % 4.2 %
Non-cat loss and ALAE ratio                
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE ratio (2.7)% (0.2)% (4.6)% (1.8)% (1.2)% 0.1% (9.8)% (1.1)%
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 63.7 % 54.6 % 45.5 % 59.4 % 67.4 % 54.5% 52.5 % 61.7 %
Total non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 61.0 % 54.4 % 40.9 % 57.6 % 66.2 % 54.6% 42.7 % 60.6 %
Total Loss and ALAE ratio 64.3 % 93.9 % 78.2 % 76.2 % 67.0 % 63.8% 46.2 % 64.8 %
ULAE ratio 7.0 % 7.7 % 5.1 % 7.2 % 6.9 % 5.8% 2.0 % 6.2 %
Total Loss and LAE ratio 71.3 % 101.6 % 83.3 % 83.4 % 73.9 % 69.6% 48.2 % 71.0 %
Expense ratio 30.0 % 29.6 % 30.8 % 29.9 % 28.9 % 30.3% 29.6 % 29.6 %
Combined ratio 101.3 % 131.2 % 114.1 % 113.3 % 102.8 % 99.9% 77.8 % 100.6 %

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Table 2
($ in millions)                
Three months ended June 30, 2018 Personal Auto Homeowners Other Personal Total
Three months ended September 30, 2018 Personal Auto Homeowners Other Personal Total
                
Net written premiums $106.2
 $72.1
 $6.6
 $184.9
 $110.7
 $76.6
 $8.0
 $195.3
Net earned premiums 99.1
 60.4
 5.4
 164.9
 103.5
 63.7
 5.8
 173.0
Losses and LAE incurred:                
Cat loss and ALAE 3.8
 22.3
 1.0
 27.1
 0.9
 11.1
 0.8
 12.8
Non-cat loss and ALAE                
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE (7.2) (2.9) (0.5) (10.6) (7.3) (1.5) (0.8) (9.6)
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE 64.8
 25.9
 3.6
 94.3
 61.9
 27.6
 2.4
 91.9
Total non-cat loss and ALAE 57.6
 23.0
 3.1
 83.7
 54.6
 26.1
 1.6
 82.3
Total Loss and ALAE 61.4
 45.3
 4.1
 110.8
 55.5
 37.2
 2.4
 95.1
ULAE 5.9
 4.6
 0.2
 10.7
 6.8
 3.8
 0.1
 10.7
Total Loss and LAE 67.3
 49.9
 4.3
 121.5
 62.3
 41.0
 2.5
 105.8
Underwriting expenses 31.4
 22.8
 2.4
 56.6
 32.6
 24.9
 2.8
 60.3
Net underwriting gain (loss) $0.4
 $(12.3) $(1.3) $(13.2) $8.6
 $(2.2) $0.5
 $6.9
                
Cat loss and ALAE ratio 3.9 % 36.9 % 18.2 % 16.4 % 0.8 % 17.4 % 13.7 % 7.4 %
Non-cat loss and ALAE ratio                
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE ratio (7.2)% (4.8)% (9.8)% (6.4)% (7.1)% (2.3)% (14.5)% (5.6)%
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 65.3 % 43.0 % 65.6 % 57.2 % 59.8 % 43.2 % 43.0 % 53.1 %
Total non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 58.1 % 38.2 % 55.8 % 50.8 % 52.7 % 40.9 % 28.5 % 47.5 %
Total Loss and ALAE ratio 62.0 % 75.1 % 74.0 % 67.2 % 53.5 % 58.3 % 42.2 % 54.9 %
ULAE ratio 6.0 % 7.6 % 5.2 % 6.5 % 6.6 % 5.9 % 1.1 % 6.2 %
Total Loss and LAE ratio 68.0 % 82.7 % 79.2 % 73.7 % 60.1 % 64.2 % 43.3 % 61.1 %
Expense ratio 29.5 % 31.5 % 36.1 % 30.6 % 29.5 % 32.6 % 34.4 % 30.9 %
Combined ratio 97.5 % 114.2 % 115.3 % 104.3 % 89.6 % 96.8 % 77.7 % 92.0 %

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Table 3
($ in millions)                
Six months ended June 30, 2019 Personal Auto Homeowners Other Personal Total
Nine months ended September 30, 2019 Personal Auto Homeowners Other Personal Total
                
Net written premiums $217.7
 $149.9
 $17.8
 $385.4
 $324.8
 $241.4
 $29.0
 $595.2
Net earned premiums 213.8
 140.5
 15.5
 369.8
 322.1
 216.1
 24.3
 562.5
Losses and LAE incurred:                
Cat loss and ALAE 4.5
 40.8
 3.7
 49.0
 5.4
 47.8
 4.0
 57.2
Non-cat loss and ALAE                
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE (9.8) 0.5
 (1.0) (10.3) (11.0) 0.5
 (1.9) (12.4)
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE 134.8
 69.2
 8.0
 212.0
 207.8
 110.4
 12.7
 330.9
Total non-cat loss and ALAE 125.0
 69.7
 7.0
 201.7
 196.8
 110.9
 10.8
 318.5
Total Loss and ALAE 129.5
 110.5
 10.7
 250.7
 202.2
 158.7
 14.8
 375.7
ULAE 14.8
 10.7
 0.7
 26.2
 22.2
 15.1
 0.9
 38.2
Total Loss and LAE 144.3
 121.2
 11.4
 276.9
 224.4
 173.8
 15.7
 413.9
Underwriting expenses 65.8
 47.0
 5.8
 118.6
 96.7
 74.8
 9.1
 180.6
Net underwriting gain (loss) $3.7
 $(27.7) $(1.7) $(25.7) $1.0
 $(32.5) $(0.5) $(32.0)
                
Cat loss and ALAE ratio 2.1 % 29.0% 24.0 % 13.2 % 1.6 % 22.1% 16.5 % 10.2 %
Non-cat loss and ALAE ratio                
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE ratio (4.6)% 0.4% (6.6)% (2.8)% (3.4)% 0.3% (7.8)% (2.2)%
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 63.1 % 49.2% 51.8 % 57.3 % 64.5 % 51.0% 52.0 % 58.7 %
Total non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 58.5 % 49.6% 45.2 % 54.5 % 61.1 % 51.3% 44.2 % 56.5 %
Total Loss and ALAE ratio 60.6 % 78.6% 69.2 % 67.7 % 62.7 % 73.4% 60.7 % 66.7 %
ULAE ratio 6.9 % 7.6% 4.6 % 7.1 % 6.9 % 7.0% 3.7 % 6.8 %
Total Loss and LAE ratio 67.5 % 86.2% 73.8 % 74.8 % 69.6 % 80.4% 64.4 % 73.5 %
Expense ratio 30.2 % 31.4% 32.6 % 30.8 % 29.8 % 31.0% 31.5 % 30.4 %
Combined ratio 97.7 % 117.6% 106.4 % 105.6 % 99.4 % 111.4% 95.9 % 103.9 %
                

35

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Table 4
($ in millions)                
Six months ended June 30, 2018 Personal Auto Homeowners Other Personal Total
Nine months ended September 30, 2018 Personal Auto Homeowners Other Personal Total
                
Net written premiums $208.1
 $126.4
 $12.1
 $346.6
 $318.8
 $203.0
 $20.1
 $541.9
Net earned premiums 192.6
 118.3
 10.3
 321.2
 296.1
 182.0
 16.1
 494.2
Losses and LAE incurred:                
Cat loss and ALAE 3.9
 27.0
 1.4
 32.3
 4.8
 38.1
 2.2
 45.1
Non-cat loss and ALAE                
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE (11.2) (5.7) (0.3) (17.2) (18.5) (7.2) (1.1) (26.8)
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE 131.7
 54.3
 5.6
 191.6
 193.6
 81.9
 8.0
 283.5
Total non-cat loss and ALAE 120.5
 48.6
 5.3
 174.4
 175.1
 74.7
 6.9
 256.7
Total Loss and ALAE 124.4
 75.6
 6.7
 206.7
 179.9
 112.8
 9.1
 301.8
ULAE 10.9
 8.6
 0.5
 20.0
 17.7
 12.4
 0.6
 30.7
Total Loss and LAE 135.3
 84.2
 7.2
 226.7
 197.6
 125.2
 9.7
 332.5
Underwriting expenses 60.3
 41.0
 4.7
 106.0
 92.9
 65.9
 7.5
 166.3
Net underwriting loss $(3.0) $(6.9) $(1.6) $(11.5)
Net underwriting gain (loss) $5.6
 $(9.1) $(1.1) $(4.6)
                
Cat loss and ALAE ratio 2.1 % 22.8 % 13.3 % 10.1 % 1.6 % 20.9 % 13.5 % 9.1 %
Non-cat loss and ALAE ratio                
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE ratio (5.8)% (4.8)% (2.9)% (5.4)% (6.3)% (3.9)% (7.1)% (5.4)%
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 68.3 % 45.9 % 53.9 % 59.7 % 65.4 % 45.0 % 50.0 % 57.4 %
Total non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 62.5 % 41.1 % 51.0 % 54.3 % 59.1 % 41.1 % 42.9 % 52.0 %
Total Loss and ALAE ratio 64.6 % 63.9 % 64.3 % 64.4 % 60.7 % 62.0 % 56.4 % 61.1 %
ULAE ratio 5.6 % 7.3 % 5.3 % 6.2 % 6.0 % 6.8 % 3.7 % 6.2 %
Total Loss and LAE ratio 70.2 % 71.2 % 69.6 % 70.6 % 66.7 % 68.8 % 60.1 % 67.3 %
Expense ratio 29.0 % 32.4 % 39.0 % 30.6 % 29.1 % 32.5 % 37.2 % 30.7 %
Combined ratio 99.2 % 103.6 % 108.6 % 101.2 % 95.8 % 101.3 % 97.3 % 98.0 %
                
The personal insurance segment's net written premiums for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 increased 10.8%7.4% and 11.2%9.8%, respectively, when compared to the same 2018 periods (Tables 1 - 4), primarily driven by new business growth and increased rates in homeowners and other personal, along with rates in personal auto.personal. The new business growth resulted in higher levels of policies in force for homeowners for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 compared to the same 2018 periods. Partially offsetting the 2019 third quarter net written premium growth was a decrease in personal auto net written premiums primarily driven by a decline in new business and retention when compared to the same 2018 period. In addition, the 2019 year to date increase in personal auto net written premiums was an overall decline in retention and new business when compared to the same 2018 periods. Over the last nine months, we have taken moderate rate actions in personal auto and we expect that trend to continue throughout 2019. These more moderate rate actions are expected to continue to reduce the pressure on our personal auto retention attributable to our prior aggressive rate actions that have now mostly renewed into our personal auto book of business.driven by increased rates.
The personal insurance segment's SAP catastrophe loss and ALAE ratios for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 increased 2.2improved 3.2 points and 3.1increased 1.1 points, respectively, when compared to the same 2018 periods, with most of the catastrophe losses impacting homeowners. While the number ofperiods. The 2019 third quarter catastrophe events was down slightly in the 2019 second quarter and flat year to datewere less severe when compared to the same 2018 periods, the 2019 events were more severe, with approximately 65% of the reported losses occurring in Texas.
The personal insurance segment’s SAP non-catastrophe loss and ALAE ratios for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 increased 6.8 points and 0.2 points, respectively, when compared to the same 2018 periods (Tables 1 - 4).period, which was impacted by Hurricane Florence.

36

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

The personal autoinsurance segment’s SAP non-catastrophe loss and ALAE ratios for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 increased 2.913.1 points and improved 4.04.5 points, respectively, when compared to the same 2018 periods (Tables 1 - 4). Favorable development of prior accident year losses improved
The personal auto SAP non-catastrophe loss and ALAE ratios for the loss ratios three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 by 2.7increased 13.5 points and 4.62.0 points, respectively, when compared to favorable development of 7.2 points and 5.8 points, respectively, for the same 2018 periods.periods (Tables 1 - 4). The 2019 third quarter reflected 5.9 points less favorable development related primarily to the 2017 and 2018 accident years, where severity developed favorably foracross multiple coverages including bodily injury and uninsured motorist bodily injury claims, partially offset byas well as adverse development for third partyof uninsured and under-insured motorist coverages. The 2019 year to date reflected 2.9 points less favorable development across many of the same coverages including adverse development of property damage.damage claims. The 2018 prior accident year favorable development was primarily attributable to lower than anticipated severity for bodily injury claims from the 2016 and 2017 accident years. The 2019 secondthird quarter andcurrent accident year loss ratio increased 7.6 points when compared to the same 2018 period. The 2019 year to date current accident year loss ratiosratio improved 1.60.9 points and 5.2 points, respectively, when compared to the same 2018 periods,period, primarily attributable to cumulative rate and underwriting actions, as well as improved claim handling efficiency.
The homeowners SAP non-catastrophe loss and ALAE ratios for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 increased 16.213.7 points and 8.510.2 points, respectively, when compared to the same 2018 periods. The 2019 secondthird quarter and year to date current accident year loss ratios increased 11.611.3 points and 3.36.0 points, respectively, when compared to the same 2018 periods, attributable to an elevated level of non-cat weather losses during the quarter.including a number of large fire losses due to lightning strikes. The 2019 secondthird quarter to date prior accident year losses developed favorably by 0.2 points, while theand year to date prior accident year losses developed adverselywere minimally impacted by 0.4 points,development compared to favorable development of 4.82.3 points and 3.9 points, respectively, for both the quarter and year to date 2018.same 2018 periods. The 2018 prior accident year favorable development was primarily attributable to favorable emergence on liability claims from multiple accident years.


37

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Commercial Insurance Segment
The following tables set forth certain key performance indicators based on SAP by major product line for our commercial insurance segment for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018:
Table 5
($ in millions)                            
Three months ended
June 30, 2019		 Commercial Auto Small Commercial Package Middle Market Commercial Workers' Comp Farm & Ranch Other Commercial Total
Three months ended
September 30, 2019		 Commercial Auto Small Commercial Package Middle Market Commercial Workers' Comp Farm & Ranch Other Commercial Total
                            
Net written premiums $29.7
 $31.5
 $41.1
 $15.4
 $13.6
 $5.0
 $136.3
 $27.7
 $30.0
 $39.8
 $23.9
 $11.4
 $4.6
 $137.4
Net earned premiums 21.8
 29.4
 32.5
 18.1
 12.0
 4.2
 118.0
 23.8
 29.9
 34.9
 21.7
 12.4
 4.3
 127.0
Losses and LAE incurred:                            
Cat loss and ALAE —
 3.5
 3.9
 —
 1.8
 —
 9.2
 0.1
 1.1
 0.5
 —
 0.4
 —
 2.1
Non-cat loss and ALAE                            
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE (1.0) (2.9) (2.9) (4.5) (0.8) 1.2
 (10.9) (1.1) (4.1) (1.2) (4.4) (0.7) (1.6) (13.1)
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE 14.1
 17.5
 16.5
 14.8
 6.7
 2.4
 72.0
 15.2
 17.9
 19.7
 13.9
 6.2
 3.2
 76.1
Total non-cat loss and ALAE 13.1
 14.6
 13.6
 10.3
 5.9
 3.6
 61.1
 14.1
 13.8
 18.5
 9.5
 5.5
 1.6
 63.0
Total Loss and ALAE 13.1
 18.1
 17.5
 10.3
 7.7
 3.6
 70.3
 14.2
 14.9
 19.0
 9.5
 5.9
 1.6
 65.1
ULAE 1.3
 1.7
 1.7
 2.0
 0.5
 0.2
 7.4
 1.6
 1.3
 2.0
 1.8
 0.4
 0.1
 7.2
Total Loss and LAE 14.4
 19.8
 19.2
 12.3
 8.2
 3.8
 77.7
 15.8
 16.2
 21.0
 11.3
 6.3
 1.7
 72.3
Underwriting expenses 11.0
 11.8
 15.9
 5.6
 6.5
 1.9
 52.7
 11.9
 11.7
 15.9
 7.2
 4.7
 2.1
 53.5
Net underwriting (loss) gain $(3.6) $(2.2) $(2.6) $0.2
 $(2.7) $(1.5) $(12.4) $(3.9) $2.0
 $(2.0) $3.2
 $1.4
 $0.5
 $1.2
                            
Cat loss and ALAE ratio 0.2 % 11.8 % 11.8 % — % 15.1 % —% 7.8 % 0.5 % 3.7 % 1.6 % — % 3.2 % — % 1.7 %
Non-cat loss and ALAE ratio                            
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE ratio (5.0)% (10.0)% (8.7)% (24.7)% (6.2)% 28.4% (9.2)% (4.6)% (13.7)% (3.6)% (20.1)% (5.7)% (37.9)% (10.4)%
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 64.8 % 59.3 % 50.8 % 81.4 % 56.0 % 55.8% 60.9 % 63.8 % 60.1 % 56.3 % 64.2 % 50.0 % 75.9 % 60.0 %
Total non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 59.8 % 49.3 % 42.1 % 56.7 % 49.8 % 84.2% 51.7 % 59.2 % 46.4 % 52.7 % 44.1 % 44.3 % 38.0 % 49.6 %
Total Loss and ALAE ratio 60.0 % 61.1 % 53.9 % 56.7 % 64.9 % 84.2% 59.5 % 59.7 % 50.1 % 54.3 % 44.1 % 47.5 % 38.0 % 51.3 %
ULAE ratio 6.1 % 5.9 % 5.2 % 10.7 % 4.3 % 4.5% 6.3 % 6.7 % 4.2 % 5.7 % 8.3 % 3.2 % 4.1 % 5.7 %
Total Loss and LAE ratio 66.1 % 67.0 % 59.1 % 67.4 % 69.2 % 88.7% 65.8 % 66.4 % 54.3 % 60.0 % 52.4 % 50.7 % 42.1 % 57.0 %
Expense ratio 36.9 % 37.2 % 38.7 % 36.8 % 47.5 % 38.7% 38.6 % 43.0 % 39.1 % 40.0 % 30.0 % 41.7 % 42.2 % 38.9 %
Combined ratio 103.0 % 104.2 % 97.8 % 104.2 % 116.7 % 127.4% 104.4 % 109.4 % 93.4 % 100.0 % 82.4 % 92.4 % 84.3 % 95.9 %
                            

38

Table of Contents
STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Table 6
($ in millions)              
Three months ended
June 30, 2018		 Commercial Auto Small Commercial Package Middle Market Commercial Workers' Comp Farm & Ranch Other Commercial Total
               
Net written premiums $21.4
 $31.6
 $32.8
 $17.6
 $12.7
 $4.7
 $120.8
Net earned premiums 18.7
 30.3
 28.7
 22.6
 11.1
 4.2
 115.6
Losses and LAE incurred:              
Cat loss and ALAE 0.6
 4.5
 3.8
 —
 1.7
 —
 10.6
Non-cat loss and ALAE              
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE (1.1) (4.2) 1.7
 (3.6) (1.5) (0.9) (9.6)
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE 11.0
 18.6
 15.7
 13.9
 6.4
 1.7
 67.3
Total non-cat loss and ALAE 9.9
 14.4
 17.4
 10.3
 4.9
 0.8
 57.7
Total Loss and ALAE 10.5
 18.9
 21.2
 10.3
 6.6
 0.8
 68.3
ULAE 1.1
 1.7
 1.5
 1.5
 0.7
 0.3
 6.8
Total Loss and LAE 11.6
 20.6
 22.7
 11.8
 7.3
 1.1
 75.1
Underwriting expenses 9.5
 13.9
 12.3
 6.4
 5.4
 1.8
 49.3
Net underwriting (loss) gain $(2.4) $(4.2) $(6.3) $4.4
 $(1.6) $1.3
 $(8.8)
               
Cat loss and ALAE ratio 2.9 % 14.8 % 13.3% — % 14.8 % — % 9.1 %
Non-cat loss and ALAE ratio              
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE ratio (5.7)% (14.0)% 6.2% (15.9)% (13.8)% (21.0)% (8.3)%
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 59.4 % 61.8 % 54.2% 61.2 % 58.0 % 38.2 % 58.2 %
Total non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 53.7 % 47.8 % 60.4% 45.3 % 44.2 % 17.2 % 49.9 %
Total Loss and ALAE ratio 56.6 % 62.6 % 73.7% 45.3 % 59.0 % 17.2 % 59.0 %
ULAE ratio 5.9 % 5.7 % 5.4% 7.2 % 6.3 % 6.1 % 6.0 %
Total Loss and LAE ratio 62.5 % 68.3 % 79.1% 52.5 % 65.3 % 23.3 % 65.0 %
Expense ratio 44.0 % 43.9 % 37.5% 36.1 % 42.4 % 40.2 % 40.7 %
Combined ratio 106.5 % 112.2 % 116.6% 88.6 % 107.7 % 63.5 % 105.7 %
               

($ in millions)              
Three months ended
September 30, 2018		 Commercial Auto Small Commercial Package Middle Market Commercial Workers' Comp Farm & Ranch Other Commercial Total
               
Net written premiums $19.1
 $29.1
 $30.7
 $24.1
 $10.7
 $3.9
 $117.6
Net earned premiums 18.8
 30.5
 29.4
 21.3
 11.3
 3.9
 115.2
Losses and LAE incurred:              
Cat loss and ALAE (0.4) 2.1
 0.5
 —
 0.8
 0.1
 3.1
Non-cat loss and ALAE              
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE (1.1) (1.8) (2.1) (2.5) (1.0) (1.8) (10.3)
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE 11.5
 18.5
 18.7
 14.3
 6.5
 2.3
 71.8
Total non-cat loss and ALAE 10.4
 16.7
 16.6
 11.8
 5.5
 0.5
 61.5
Total Loss and ALAE 10.0
 18.8
 17.1
 11.8
 6.3
 0.6
 64.6
ULAE 0.9
 1.8
 1.6
 1.8
 0.3
 0.2
 6.6
Total Loss and LAE 10.9
 20.6
 18.7
 13.6
 6.6
 0.8
 71.2
Underwriting expenses 8.8
 12.7
 12.5
 7.4
 5.5
 2.3
 49.2
Net underwriting (loss) gain $(0.9) $(2.8) $(1.8) $0.3
 $(0.8) $0.8
 $(5.2)
               
Cat loss and ALAE ratio (1.8)% 6.8 % 1.7 % — % 7.3 % 2.1 % 2.7 %
Non-cat loss and ALAE ratio              
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE ratio (5.9)% (5.8)% (7.3)% (12.0)% (8.2)% (44.6)% (8.9)%
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 60.9 % 60.6 % 63.6 % 67.5 % 57.5 % 60.8 % 62.4 %
Total non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 55.0 % 54.8 % 56.3 % 55.5 % 49.3 % 16.2 % 53.5 %
Total Loss and ALAE ratio 53.2 % 61.6 % 58.0 % 55.5 % 56.6 % 18.3 % 56.2 %
ULAE ratio 5.1 % 5.7 % 5.3 % 8.1 % 2.4 % 6.5 % 5.7 %
Total Loss and LAE ratio 58.3 % 67.3 % 63.3 % 63.6 % 59.0 % 24.8 % 61.9 %
Expense ratio 46.3 % 43.6 % 40.5 % 30.5 % 51.5 % 57.7 % 41.8 %
Combined ratio 104.6 % 110.9 % 103.8 % 94.1 % 110.5 % 82.5 % 103.7 %
               

39

Table of Contents
STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Table 7
($ in millions)                            
Six months ended
June 30, 2019		 Commercial Auto Small Commercial Package Middle Market Commercial Workers' Comp Farm & Ranch Other Commercial Total
Nine months ended
September 30, 2019		 Commercial Auto Small Commercial Package Middle Market Commercial Workers' Comp Farm & Ranch Other Commercial Total
                            
Net written premiums $53.7
 $62.0
 $75.3
 $34.9
 $26.0
 $9.5
 $261.4
 $81.4
 $92.0
 $115.1
 $58.8
 $37.4
 $14.1
 $398.8
Net earned premiums 41.5
 59.0
 63.2
 38.6
 23.8
 8.3
 234.4
 65.3
 88.9
 98.1
 60.3
 36.2
 12.6
 361.4
Losses and LAE incurred:                            
Cat loss and ALAE 0.1
 5.0
 5.2
 —
 2.1
 —
 12.4
 0.2
 6.1
 5.7
 —
 2.5
 —
 14.5
Non-cat loss and ALAE                            
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE (2.5) (7.7) (6.0) (9.0) (1.2) 0.2
 (26.2) (3.6) (11.8) (7.2) (13.4) (1.9) (1.4) (39.3)
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE 26.0
 33.4
 42.5
 28.4
 11.8
 4.5
 146.6
 41.2
 51.3
 62.2
 42.3
 18.0
 7.7
 222.7
Total non-cat loss and ALAE 23.5
 25.7
 36.5
 19.4
 10.6
 4.7
 120.4
 37.6
 39.5
 55.0
 28.9
 16.1
 6.3
 183.4
Total Loss and ALAE 23.6
 30.7
 41.7
 19.4
 12.7
 4.7
 132.8
 37.8
 45.6
 60.7
 28.9
 18.6
 6.3
 197.9
ULAE 2.6
 3.5
 3.0
 3.6
 1.1
 0.4
 14.2
 4.2
 4.8
 5.0
 5.4
 1.5
 0.5
 21.4
Total Loss and LAE 26.2
 34.2
 44.7
 23.0
 13.8
 5.1
 147.0
 42.0
 50.4
 65.7
 34.3
 20.1
 6.8
 219.3
Underwriting expenses 21.7
 24.3
 30.1
 13.0
 12.7
 3.9
 105.7
 33.6
 36.0
 46.0
 20.2
 17.4
 6.0
 159.2
Net underwriting (loss) gain $(6.4) $0.5
 $(11.6) $2.6
 $(2.7) $(0.7) $(18.3) $(10.3) $2.5
 $(13.6) $5.8
 $(1.3) $(0.2) $(17.1)
                            
Cat loss and ALAE ratio 0.3 % 8.5 % 8.2 % — % 8.7 % —% 5.3 % 0.4 % 6.9 % 5.8 % — % 6.8 % — % 4.0 %
Non-cat loss and ALAE ratio                            
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE ratio (6.1)% (13.1)% (9.4)% (23.2)% (4.9)% 2.8% (11.1)% (5.5)% (13.3)% (7.4)% (22.1)% (5.2)% (11.2)% (10.9)%
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 62.6 % 56.5 % 67.3 % 73.4 % 49.6 % 54.2% 62.5 % 62.9 % 57.7 % 63.4 % 70.2 % 49.7 % 61.7 % 61.7 %
Total non-cat loss and
ALAE ratio		 56.5 % 43.4 % 57.9 % 50.2 % 44.7 % 57.0% 51.4 % 57.4 % 44.4 % 56.0 % 48.1 % 44.5 % 50.5 % 50.8 %
Total Loss and ALAE ratio 56.8 % 51.9 % 66.1 % 50.2 % 53.4 % 57.0% 56.7 % 57.8 % 51.3 % 61.8 % 48.1 % 51.3 % 50.5 % 54.8 %
ULAE ratio 6.3 % 6.0 % 4.7 % 9.3 % 4.6 % 4.4% 6.1 % 6.5 % 5.4 % 5.1 % 8.9 % 4.2 % 4.3 % 5.9 %
Total Loss and LAE ratio 63.1 % 57.9 % 70.8 % 59.5 % 58.0 % 61.4% 62.8 % 64.3 % 56.7 % 66.9 % 57.0 % 55.5 % 54.8 % 60.7 %
Expense ratio 40.5 % 39.1 % 39.9 % 37.4 % 48.7 % 41.5% 40.4 % 41.3 % 39.1 % 40.0 % 34.4 % 46.6 % 41.7 % 39.9 %
Combined ratio 103.6 % 97.0 % 110.7 % 96.9 % 106.7 % 102.9% 103.2 % 105.6 % 95.8 % 106.9 % 91.4 % 102.1 % 96.5 % 100.6 %
                            

40

Table of Contents
STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Table 8
($ in millions)                            
Six months ended
June 30, 2018		 Commercial Auto Small Commercial Package Middle Market Commercial Workers' Comp Farm & Ranch Other Commercial Total
Nine months ended
September 30, 2018		 Commercial Auto Small Commercial Package Middle Market Commercial Workers' Comp Farm & Ranch Other Commercial Total
                            
Net written premiums $40.0
 $62.0
 $61.9
 $42.0
 $24.2
 $8.8
 $238.9
 $59.1
 $91.1
 $92.6
 $66.1
 $34.9
 $12.7
 $356.5
Net earned premiums 37.1
 60.7
 57.3
 45.4
 22.1
 7.9
 230.5
 55.9
 91.2
 86.7
 66.7
 33.4
 11.8
 345.7
Losses and LAE incurred:                            
Cat loss and ALAE 0.6
 7.7
 5.3
 —
 1.6
 —
 15.2
 0.2
 9.8
 5.8
 —
 2.4
 0.1
 18.3
Non-cat loss and ALAE                            
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE (4.6) (4.7) (0.8) (5.9) (1.2) (2.1) (19.3) (5.7) (6.5) (2.9) (8.4) (2.2) (3.9) (29.6)
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE 23.4
 36.8
 37.2
 29.0
 10.6
 3.7
 140.7
 34.9
 55.3
 55.9
 43.3
 17.1
 6.0
 212.5
Total non-cat loss and ALAE 18.8
 32.1
 36.4
 23.1
 9.4
 1.6
 121.4
 29.2
 48.8
 53.0
 34.9
 14.9
 2.1
 182.9
Total Loss and ALAE 19.4
 39.8
 41.7
 23.1
 11.0
 1.6
 136.6
 29.4
 58.6
 58.8
 34.9
 17.3
 2.2
 201.2
ULAE 2.3
 3.0
 3.0
 3.8
 1.0
 0.6
 13.7
 3.2
 4.8
 4.6
 5.6
 1.3
 0.8
 20.3
Total Loss and LAE 21.7
 42.8
 44.7
 26.9
 12.0
 2.2
 150.3
 32.6
 63.4
 63.4
 40.5
 18.6
 3.0
 221.5
Underwriting expenses 17.6
 27.7
 23.6
 14.4
 10.2
 3.8
 97.3
 26.4
 40.4
 36.1
 21.8
 15.7
 6.1
 146.5
Net underwriting (loss) gain $(2.2) $(9.8) $(11.0) $4.1
 $(0.1) $1.9
 $(17.1) $(3.1) $(12.6) $(12.8) $4.4
 $(0.9) $2.7
 $(22.3)
                            
Cat loss and ALAE ratio 1.5 % 12.7 % 9.2 % — % 7.2 % — % 6.6 % 0.4 % 10.8 % 6.7 % — % 7.3 % 0.6 % 5.3 %
Non-cat loss and ALAE ratio                            
Prior accident years non-cat loss and ALAE ratio (12.3)% (7.8)% (1.3)% (12.9)% (5.5)% (27.1)% (8.4)% (10.1)% (7.1)% (3.3)% (12.6)% (6.5)% (32.9)% (8.5)%
Current accident year non-cat loss and ALAE ratio 63.3 % 60.6 % 64.9 % 63.6 % 47.7 % 46.5 % 61.0 % 62.4 % 60.6 % 64.5 % 64.9 % 51.1 % 51.2 % 61.5 %
Total non-cat loss and
ALAE ratio
 51.0 % 52.8 % 63.6 % 50.7 % 42.2 % 19.4 % 52.6 % 52.3 % 53.5 % 61.2 % 52.3 % 44.6 % 18.3 % 53.0 %
Total Loss and ALAE ratio 52.5 % 65.5 % 72.8 % 50.7 % 49.4 % 19.4 % 59.2 % 52.7 % 64.3 % 67.9 % 52.3 % 51.9 % 18.9 % 58.3 %
ULAE ratio 6.1 % 5.0 % 5.3 % 8.6 % 4.8 % 6.9 % 6.0 % 5.8 % 5.2 % 5.3 % 8.4 % 3.9 % 6.8 % 5.9 %
Total Loss and LAE ratio 58.6 % 70.5 % 78.1 % 59.3 % 54.2 % 26.3 % 65.2 % 58.5 % 69.5 % 73.2 % 60.7 % 55.8 % 25.7 % 64.2 %
Expense ratio 43.9 % 44.7 % 38.2 % 34.3 % 42.1 % 43.5 % 40.7 % 44.7 % 44.3 % 39.0 % 32.9 % 45.0 % 47.9 % 41.1 %
Combined ratio 102.5 % 115.2 % 116.3 % 93.6 % 96.3 % 69.8 % 105.9 % 103.2 % 113.8 % 112.2 % 93.6 % 100.8 % 73.6 % 105.3 %
                            
The commercial insurance segment's net written premiums for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019, increased 12.8%16.8% and 9.4%11.9%, respectively, when compared to the same 2018 periods (Tables 5 - 8) due to, primarily driven by new business growth in commercial auto and middle market commercial. Partially offsetting theseThe 2019 year to date improvements waswere partially offset by a decrease in net written premiums in workers’ compensation due to lower retention on renewal business as a result of the continued intense competition in this market.
The commercial insurance segment's SAP catastrophe loss and ALAE ratioratios for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 improved 1.31.0 points and 1.3 points, respectively, when compared to the same 2018 periods (Tables 5 - 8). Catastrophe events for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 were less severe when compared to the same 2018 periods.
The commercial insurance segment’s SAP non-catastrophe loss and ALAE ratios for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 increased 1.8improved 3.9 points and improved 1.22.2 points, respectively, when compared to the same 2018 periods (Tables 5 - 8).
The commercial auto SAP non-catastrophe loss and ALAE ratios for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 increased 6.14.2 points and 5.55.1 points, respectively, when compared to the same 2018 periods. The changeincrease in the non-catastrophe loss and ALAE ratio for the three months ended June 30, 2019 third quarter was primarily driven by elevated frequency of bodily injury and uninsured motorist claims in the current accident year when compared to the same 2018 period. The amount of prior accident year development in the 2019 third quarter was consistent with the prior year, although with the growing commercial auto book of business, the increase in the loss ratio had a lesser impact when compared to the same 2018 period. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 year to date, the changeincrease in the non-catastrophe loss and ALAE ratio was driven by less favorable development of prior accident year losses of 6.15.5 points compared to 12.310.1 points for the same 2018 period. The 2019 prior accident year favorable development was primarily attributable to lower than anticipated severity from the 2017 accident year. The 2018 prior accident year favorable development was primarily attributable to lower than anticipated severity from the 2016 and 2017 accident years.

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

for the same 2018 period. The 2018 prior accident year favorable development was primarily attributable to lower than anticipated bodily injury severity from the 2016 and 2017 accident years.
The small commercial package SAP non-catastrophe loss and ALAE ratioratios for the three and nine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 increased 1.5improved 8.4 points and 9.1 points, respectively, when compared to the same 2018 periodperiods, primarily driven by less favorable development of prior accident year losses of 10.0 points compared to 14.0 points for the same 2018 period. The non-catastrophe loss and ALAE ratio for the six months ended June 30, 2019 improved 9.4 point compared to the same 2018 period, primarily driven by (i) greater favorable development of prior accident year losses, primarilylosses. The 2019 favorable development was attributable to lower than expected bodily injury claimsseverity from multiple accident years. In addition, the 2015 and 2018 accident years, and (ii)2019 year to date was impacted by a lower level of current accident year property losses when compared to the same 2018 period, which was impacted by weather-related claims and large fire losses.
The middle market commercial SAP non-catastrophe loss and ALAE ratios for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 improved 18.33.6 points and 5.75.2 points, respectively, compared to the same 2018 periods,periods. The 2019 third quarter current accident year improved when compared to the same 2018 period, which was impacted by elevated claim frequency. The 2019 third quarter improvement was partially offset by less favorable development from prior accident year losses when compared to the same 2018 period. The 2019 year to date improvement in the non-catastrophe loss and ALAE ratio was primarily driven by greater favorable development of prior accident year losses. The three and six months ended June 30, 2019 favorable development was primarilylosses due to lower than expected bodily injury claim severity from multiple accident years 2017 and prior. The three months ended June 30, 2018 adverse development was driven by a small number of construction defect claims from accident years 2008 and prior, as well as a bad faith claim assertion from accident year 2016. Partially offsetting the improvement in the non-cat loss and ALAE ratio for the six months ended 2019 was an elevated level of large fire losses that occurred in the first quarter of 2019.years.
The workers' compensation SAP non-catastrophe loss and ALAE ratios for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 increasedimproved 11.4 points and improved 0.54.2 points, respectively, compared to the same 2018 periods. The 2019 secondthird quarter and year to date were impacted by (i) a large loss in the current accident year that added 14.9 points and 7.0 points, respectively, to the loss ratios, and (ii) greater favorable development of prior accident year losses when compared to the same 2018 periods, due to continued favorable emergence, primarily from lower than anticipated severity. Partially offsetting the 2019 year to date improvement in the non-cat loss and ALAE ratio was a single large loss that occurred in the 2019 second quarter. The three and six months ended June 30, 2019 prior accident year favorable development2018 second quarter was from accident years 2016 and prior. In addition, accident years 2017 and 2018 contributed to the favorable development for the three months ended June 30, 2019.impacted by an elevated level of large losses.

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Losses and LAE Development
Losses and loss expenses represent the combined estimated ultimate liability for claims occurring in a period, along with any change in the estimated ultimate liability for claims occurring in prior periods.
The following table sets forth a tabular presentation of the development of the prior accident years' ultimate liability by product for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018:
($ millions) Three months ended June 30 Six months ended June 30 Three months ended September 30 Nine months ended September 30
 2019 2018 $ Change 2019 2018 $ Change 2019 2018 $ Change 2019 2018 $ Change
 (Redundancy)/Deficiency   (Redundancy)/Deficiency   (Redundancy)/Deficiency   (Redundancy)/Deficiency  
Non-cat loss and ALAE:                        
Personal Insurance Segment:                        
Personal Auto $(3.0) $(7.2) $4.2
 $(9.8) $(11.2) $1.4
 $(1.2) $(7.3) $6.1
 $(11.0) $(18.5) $7.5
Homeowners (0.1) (2.9) 2.8
 0.5
 (5.7) 6.2
 —
 (1.5) 1.5
 0.5
 (7.2) 7.7
Other Personal (0.3) (0.5) 0.2
 (1.0) (0.3) (0.7) (0.9) (0.8) (0.1) (1.9) (1.1) (0.8)
Total Personal Insurance Segment (3.4) (10.6) 7.2
 (10.3) (17.2) 6.9
 (2.1) (9.6) 7.5
 (12.4) (26.8) 14.4
                        
Commercial Insurance Segment:                        
Commercial Auto (1.0) (1.1) 0.1
 (2.5) (4.6) 2.1
 (1.1) (1.1) —
 (3.6) (5.7) 2.1
Small Commercial Package (2.9) (4.2) 1.3
 (7.7) (4.7) (3.0) (4.1) (1.8) (2.3) (11.8) (6.5) (5.3)
Middle Market Commercial (2.9) 1.7
 (4.6) (6.0) (0.8) (5.2) (1.2) (2.1) 0.9
 (7.2) (2.9) (4.3)
Workers' Compensation (4.5) (3.6) (0.9) (9.0) (5.9) (3.1) (4.4) (2.5) (1.9) (13.4) (8.4) (5.0)
Farm & Ranch (0.8) (1.5) 0.7
 (1.2) (1.2) —
 (0.7) (1.0) 0.3
 (1.9) (2.2) 0.3
Other Commercial 1.2
 (0.9) 2.1
 0.2
 (2.1) 2.3
 (1.6) (1.8) 0.2
 (1.4) (3.9) 2.5
Total Commercial Insurance Segment (10.9) (9.6) (1.3) (26.2) (19.3) (6.9) (13.1) (10.3) (2.8) (39.3) (29.6) (9.7)
                        
Specialty run-off (2.8) 2.1
 (4.9) (1.5) 2.4
 (3.9) (0.9) 1.8
 (2.7) (2.4) 4.2
 (6.6)
Cat Loss and ALAE 1.6
 1.1
 0.5
 0.8
 0.5
 0.3
 (1.0) 0.8
 (1.8) (0.2) 1.3
 (1.5)
ULAE (0.7) (0.9) 0.2
 (0.4) (4.7) 4.3
 (0.4) (2.0) 1.6
 (0.8) (6.7) 5.9
Total $(16.2) $(17.9) $1.7
 $(37.6) $(38.3) $0.7
 $(17.5) $(19.3) $1.8
 $(55.1) $(57.6) $2.5
                        
For further information, see the "Personal Insurance Segment" and "Commercial Insurance Segment" discussions included in this Item 2.

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Losses and loss expenses payable
The following table sets forth losses and loss expenses payable by major product at JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
 
($ millions)June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 $ ChangeSeptember 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 $ Change
Personal Insurance Segment:          
Personal Auto$162.0
 $173.2
 $(11.2)$163.5
 $173.2
 $(9.7)
Homeowners81.1
 53.2
 27.9
70.6
 53.2
 17.4
Other Personal15.8
 14.1
 1.7
15.1
 14.1
 1.0
Total Personal Insurance Segment258.9
 240.5
 18.4
249.2
 240.5
 8.7
Commercial Insurance Segment:          
Commercial Auto75.6
 78.9
 (3.3)77.4
 78.9
 (1.5)
Small Commercial Package120.7
 120.0
 0.7
116.9
 120.0
 (3.1)
Middle Market Commercial154.3
 147.2
 7.1
153.0
 147.2
 5.8
Workers’ Compensation194.3
 195.4
 (1.1)194.3
 195.4
 (1.1)
Farm & Ranch16.5
 12.9
 3.6
15.6
 12.9
 2.7
Other Commercial31.2
 27.5
 3.7
31.8
 27.5
 4.3
Total Commercial Insurance Segment592.6
 581.9
 10.7
589.0
 581.9
 7.1
Specialty run-off:          
E&S Property29.9
 33.1
 (3.2)24.0
 33.1
 (9.1)
E&S Casualty167.6
 186.8
 (19.2)155.2
 186.8
 (31.6)
Programs77.8
 99.0
 (21.2)68.1
 99.0
 (30.9)
Total Specialty run-off275.3
 318.9
 (43.6)247.3
 318.9
 (71.6)
Total losses and loss expenses payable, net of reinsurance
recoverable on losses and loss expenses payable
$1,126.8
 $1,141.3
 $(14.5)$1,085.5
 $1,141.3
 $(55.8)
          
Losses and loss expenses payable decreased $14.5$55.8 million since December 31, 2018 primarily due to the run-off of specialty business, partially offset by a higher level of catastrophe losses, non-cat weather losses, and large fire losses discussed above.business.
We conduct quarterly reviews of loss development and make judgments in determining the reserves for losses and loss expenses. Several factors are considered by us when estimating ultimate liabilities, including consistency in relative case reserve adequacy, consistency in claims settlement practices, recent legal developments, historical data, actuarial projections, exposure changes, anticipated inflation, current business conditions, catastrophe development, late reported claims, and other reasonableness tests.
The risks and uncertainties inherent in our estimates include, but are not limited to, actual settlement experience different from historical data, trends, changes in business and economic conditions, court decisions creating unanticipated liabilities, ongoing interpretation of policy provisions by the courts, inconsistent decisions in lawsuits regarding coverage and additional information discovered before settlement of claims. Our results of operations and financial condition could be impacted, perhaps significantly, in the future if the ultimate payments required for claims settlement vary from the liability currently recorded. For a discussion of our reserving methodologies, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies – Losses and Loss Expenses Payable” in Item 7 of the 2018 Form 10-K.

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Acquisition and Operating Expenses
Our GAAP acquisition and operating expenses for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 were $107.9$109.7 million and$215.5and $325.2 million, respectively, compared to $111.3$110.9 million and $222.1$333.0 million, respectively, for the same 2018 periods. The decrease wasdecreases were driven by a decrease in (i) estimated variable compensation, partially offset by increases in agent incentive compensation, report ordering costs, and the impact of our(ii) consulting spend, primarily information technology investments, including amortization and system and infrastructure support. In addition, the six months ended June 30, 2019 was impacted by the exit of the specialty business when compared to the same 2018 period.related.
Investment Operations Segment
Our investments in fixed maturities, equity securities and certain other invested assets are carried at fair value. The unrealized holding gains or losses of our available-for-sale fixed maturities, net of applicable deferred taxes, are included as a separate component of stockholders’ equity as accumulated other comprehensive income and as such are not included in the determination of net income.
We have investment policy guidelines with respect to purchasing fixed maturity investments for our insurance subsidiaries which preclude investments in bonds that are rated below investment grade by a recognized rating service at the time of purchase. Our fixed maturity portfolio is composed of high quality, investment grade issues, consisting primarily of debt issues rated AAA, AA or A. We obtain investment ratings from major rating services. If there is a split rating, we assign the lowest rating obtained.
For further discussion regarding the management of our investment portfolio, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Results of Operations – Investment Operations Segment” in Item 7 of the 2018 Form 10-K.
Composition of Investment Portfolio
The following table sets forth the composition of our investment portfolio at carrying value at JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
 
($ millions)($ millions)June 30, 2019 % of Total December 31, 2018 % of Total($ millions)September 30, 2019 % of Total December 31, 2018 % of Total
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$44.8
 1.6% $59.8
 2.2%Cash and cash equivalents$38.3
 1.4% $59.8
 2.2%
Fixed maturities, at fair value:Fixed maturities, at fair value:       Fixed maturities, at fair value:       
Fixed maturitiesFixed maturities2,012.7
 74.3% 2,017.1
 75.9%Fixed maturities2,054.0
 74.9% 2,017.1
 75.9%
Treasury inflation-protected securitiesTreasury inflation-protected securities145.2
 5.4% 142.4
 5.4%Treasury inflation-protected securities135.3
 4.9% 142.4
 5.4%
Total fixed maturitiesTotal fixed maturities2,157.9
 79.7% 2,159.5
 81.3%Total fixed maturities2,189.3
 79.8% 2,159.5
 81.3%
Notes receivable from affiliateNotes receivable from affiliate70.0
 2.6% 70.0
 2.6%Notes receivable from affiliate70.0
 2.6% 70.0
 2.6%
Equity securities:Equity securities:       Equity securities:       
Large-cap securitiesLarge-cap securities88.3
 3.3% 77.2
 2.9%Large-cap securities99.1
 3.6% 77.2
 2.9%
Mutual and exchange traded fundsMutual and exchange traded funds286.6
 10.6% 237.8
 8.9%Mutual and exchange traded funds274.2
 10.0% 237.8
 8.9%
Total equity securitiesTotal equity securities374.9
 13.9% 315.0
 11.8%Total equity securities373.3
 13.6% 315.0
 11.8%
Other invested assets:Other invested assets:       Other invested assets:       
International fundsInternational funds41.9
 1.5% 38.5
 1.5%International funds51.7
 1.9% 38.5
 1.5%
Other invested assetsOther invested assets13.1
 0.5% 10.3
 0.4%Other invested assets12.9
 0.5% 10.3
 0.4%
Total other invested assetsTotal other invested assets55.0
 2.0% 48.8
 1.9%Total other invested assets64.6
 2.4% 48.8
 1.9%
Other invested assets, at costOther invested assets, at cost6.5
 0.2% 5.6
 0.2%Other invested assets, at cost6.5
 0.2% 5.6
 0.2%
Total portfolioTotal portfolio$2,709.1
 100.0% $2,658.7
 100.0%Total portfolio$2,742.0
 100.0% $2,658.7
 100.0%
                

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

The following table sets forth the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale fixed maturities by contractual maturity at JuneSeptember 30, 2019:
 
($ millions)Amortized cost 
Fair
value
Amortized cost 
Fair
value
Due in 1 year or less$92.0
 $92.8
$55.7
 $56.6
Due after 1 year through 5 years597.9
 602.6
562.7
 569.4
Due after 5 years through 10 years254.4
 263.7
239.9
 249.7
Due after 10 years452.0
 471.5
565.7
 593.5
U.S. government agencies mortgage-backed securities722.7
 727.3
705.0
 720.1
Total$2,119.0
 $2,157.9
$2,129.0
 $2,189.3
      
Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities as the issuers may have the right to call or prepay the obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. The duration of the fixed maturity portfolio was approximately 3.913.63 and 4.23 as of JuneSeptember 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, respectively.

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Investment Operations Revenue
The following table sets forth the components of net investment income for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018:
($ millions)Three months ended June 30 Six months ended June 30Three months ended September 30 Nine months ended September 30
2019 2018 2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
Gross investment income:              
Fixed maturities$17.3
 $16.9
 $32.4
 $33.0
$15.3
 $16.4
 $47.7
 $49.4
Equity securities3.1
 3.1
 5.9
 5.6
3.0
 3.0
 8.9
 8.6
Other1.4
 1.8
 3.1
 3.5
1.1
 1.7
 4.2
 5.2
Total gross investment income21.8
 21.8
 41.4
 42.1
19.4
 21.1
 60.8
 63.2
Less: Investment expenses0.1
 0.3
 0.3
 0.7
0.1
 0.3
 0.4
 1.0
Net investment income$21.7
 $21.5
 $41.1
 $41.4
$19.3
 $20.8
 $60.4
 $62.2
              
Average invested assets (at cost)$2,629.8
 $2,699.9
 $2,656.1
 $2,639.1
$2,638.0
 $2,692.3
 $2,648.4
 $2,672.1
Annualized investment yield3.3% 3.2% 3.1% 3.1%2.9% 3.1% 3.0% 3.1%
Annualized investment yield, after tax2.7% 2.6% 2.5% 2.6%2.4% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5%
Net investment income, after tax$17.8
 $17.5
 $33.8
 $33.9
$16.0
 $17.0
 $49.8
 $50.9
Effective tax rate17.9% 18.7% 17.6% 18.1%9.4% 18.5% 17.9% 18.2%
              
The following table sets forth realized gains (losses) and the proceeds received from the sale of our investment portfolio for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018:
($ in millions)Three months ended June 30 Six months ended June 30Three months ended September 30 Nine months ended September 30
2019 2018 2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
Realized gains (losses) Proceeds received on sale Realized gains (losses) Proceeds received on sale Realized gains (losses) Proceeds received on sale Realized gains (losses) Proceeds received on saleRealized gains (losses) Proceeds received on sale Realized gains (losses) Proceeds received on sale Realized gains (losses) Proceeds received on sale Realized gains (losses) Proceeds received on sale
Realized gains:                              
Fixed maturities$1.5
 $133.1
 $1.3
 $45.5
 $1.6
 $198.7
 $1.7
 $60.9
$1.2
 $50.0
 $—
 $8.8
 $2.8
 $248.7
 $1.7
 $69.7
Equity securities1.2
 7.5
 1.7
 10.5
 1.5
 10.2
 5.0
 75.6
0.2
 4.1
 1.0
 7.3
 1.7
 14.3
 6.0
 83.0
Other invested assets—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 0.1
 0.7
Total realized gains2.7
 140.6
 3.0
 56.0
 3.1
 208.9
 6.8
 137.2
1.4
 54.1
 1.0
 16.1
 4.5
 263.0
 7.7
 152.7
Realized losses:                              
Equity securities—
 —
 (0.4) 3.8
 (2.2) 10.1
 (0.6) 6.2
(2.0) 10.0
 —
 0.1
 (4.2) 20.1
 (0.6) 6.3
Other invested assets—
 0.3
 —
 0.4
 —
 0.6
 —
 —
—
 0.4
 —
 0.2
 —
 1.0
 —
 0.9
Total realized losses—
 0.3
 (0.4) 4.2
 (2.2) 10.7
 (0.6) 6.2
(2.0) 10.4
 —
 0.3
 (4.2) 21.1
 (0.6) 7.2
Net realized gains on investments$2.7
 $140.9
 $2.6
 $60.2
 $0.9
 $219.6
 $6.2
 $143.4
Net realized (losses) gains on investments$(0.6) $64.5
 $1.0
 $16.4
 $0.3
 $284.1
 $7.1
 $159.9
                              
When a fixed maturity security has been determined to have an other-than-temporary decline in fair value, the impairment charge is separated into an amount representing the credit loss, which is recognized in earnings, and the amount related to non-credit factors, which is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies – Investments” included in Item 7 of the 2018 Form 10-K for other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) indicators. Future increases or decreases in fair value, if not other-than-temporary, are included in accumulated other comprehensive income.

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Gross Unrealized Investment Gains and Losses
Based upon our review of our investment portfolio at JuneSeptember 30, 2019, we determined that there were no individual investments with an unrealized holding loss that had a fair value significantly below cost continually for more than one year. The following table sets forth detailed information on our investment portfolio by lot at fair value for our gross unrealized holding gains (losses) at JuneSeptember 30, 2019:
($ millions, except # of positions)Cost or amortized cost Gross unrealized holding gains Number of gain positions 
Gross unrealized holding
losses
 Number of loss positions Fair valueCost or amortized cost Gross unrealized holding gains Number of gain positions 
Gross unrealized holding
losses
 Number of loss positions Fair value
Available-for-sale fixed maturities:      
U.S. treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies$462.6
 $8.9
 35
 $(2.0) 27
 $469.5
$516.4
 $14.8
 40
 $(1.2) 25
 $530.0
Obligations of states and political subdivisions422.5
 18.7
 88
 —
 3
 441.2
415.3
 21.8
 89
 —
 1
 437.1
Corporate securities511.2
 9.6
 62
 (0.9) 11
 519.9
492.3
 10.9
 58
 (1.1) 11
 502.1
U.S. government agencies mortgage-backed securities722.7
 11.0
 54
 (6.4) 54
 727.3
705.0
 18.2
 63
 (3.1) 42
 720.1
Total available-for-sale fixed maturities$2,119.0
 $48.2
 239
 $(9.3) 95
 $2,157.9
$2,129.0
 $65.7
 250
 $(5.4) 79
 $2,189.3
                      
The following table sets forth our unrealized holding gains by investment type, net of deferred tax that was included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income at JuneSeptember 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, and the change in unrealized holding gains, net of deferred tax, for the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019:
($ millions)June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 $ ChangeSeptember 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 $ Change
Available-for-sale investments:          
Unrealized holding gains (losses):          
Fixed maturities$38.9
 $(28.7) $67.6
$60.3
 $(28.7) $89.0
Net deferred federal income tax(8.2) 6.0
 (14.2)(12.6) 6.1
 (18.7)
Unrealized gains (losses), net of tax$30.7
 $(22.7) $53.4
$47.7
 $(22.6) $70.3
          
Fair Value Measurements
We primarily use one independent nationally recognized third party pricing service in developing fair value estimates. We obtain one price per security, and our processes and control procedures are designed to ensure the value is accurately recorded on an unadjusted basis. Through discussions with the pricing service, we gain an understanding of the methodologies used to price the different types of securities, that the data and the valuation methods utilized are appropriate and consistently applied, and that the assumptions are reasonable and representative of fair value. To validate the reasonableness of the valuations obtained from the pricing service, we compare to other fair value pricing information gathered from other independent pricing sources. See Note 3, “Fair Value of Financial Instruments” to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for a presentation of our available-for-sale investments within the fair value hierarchy at JuneSeptember 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018.

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Other Items
Income Taxes
The following table sets forth the components of our federal income tax expense for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
 
($ millions)Three months ended June 30 Six months ended June 30
 2019 2018 2019 2018
(Loss) income before federal income taxes$(7.6) $7.7
 $54.0
 $4.4
Federal income tax (benefit) expense:       
Current—
 —
 (0.4) (1.0)
Deferred(1.4) 1.7
 11.2
 1.5
Total federal income tax (benefit) expense(1.4) 1.7
 10.8
 0.5
Net (loss) income$(6.2) $6.0
 $43.2
 $3.9
        
($ millions)Three months ended September 30 Nine months ended September 30
 2019 2018 2019 2018
Income before federal income taxes$12.7
 $41.0
 $66.7
 $45.4
Federal income tax expense (benefit)       
Current—
 (0.1) (0.4) (1.1)
Deferred1.2
 7.7
 12.4
 9.2
Total federal income tax expense1.2
 7.6
 12.0
 8.1
Net income$11.5
 $33.4
 $54.7
 $37.3
        
The effective tax raterates for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019, was 19.3%were 9.4% and 19.9%17.9%, respectively, compared to 21.7%18.6% and 10.8%17.8%, respectively, for the same 2018 periods.
For additional information, see Note 6 of our condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
General
Liquidity refers to our ability to generate adequate amounts of cash to meet our short- and long-term needs. Our primary sources of cash are premiums, investment income, investment sales and the maturity of fixed income security investments. The significant outflows of cash are payments of claims, commissions, premium taxes, operating expenses, income taxes, dividends, interest and principal payments on debt and investment purchases. The cash outflows may vary due to uncertainties regarding settlement of large losses or catastrophic events. As a result, we continually monitor our investment and reinsurance programs to ensure they are appropriately structured to enable the insurance subsidiaries to meet anticipated short-term and long-term cash requirements without the need to sell investments to meet fluctuations in claim payments.
Liquidity
Our insurance subsidiaries must have adequate liquidity to ensure that their cash obligations are met. However, as discussed below, the STFC Pooled Companies do not have the day-to-day liquidity concerns normally associated with an insurance company due to their participation in, and the terms of, the Pooling Arrangement. In addition, State Auto P&C’s $100.0 million FHLB Line of Credit is available for general corporate purposes such as funding liquidity needs.  See “Borrowing Arrangements - FHLB Line of Credit” included in this Item 2.
Under the terms of the Pooling Arrangement, State Auto Mutual receives all premiums and pays all losses and expenses associated with the insurance business produced by the STFC Pooled Companies and the other pool participants, and then it settles the intercompany balances generated by these transactions with the pool participants within 60 days following each quarter end. We believe this provides State Auto Mutual with sufficient liquidity to pay losses and expenses of our insurance operations on a timely basis. When settling the intercompany balances, State Auto Mutual provides the pool participants with full credit for the premiums written net of losses paid during the quarter, retaining all receivable amounts from insureds and agents and reinsurance recoverable on paid losses from unaffiliated reinsurers. Any receivable amounts that are ultimately deemed to be uncollectible are charged-off by State Auto Mutual and allocated to the pool participant on the basis of its pooling percentage.
As a result of the Pooling Arrangement, we have an off-balance sheet credit risk related to the balances due to State Auto Mutual from insureds, agents and reinsurers, which are offset by the unearned premiums from the respective policies. While the total amount due to State Auto Mutual from policyholders and agents is significant, the individual amounts due are relatively small at the policyholder and agency level. Based on historical data, this credit risk exposure is not considered to be material to our financial position, though the impact to income on a quarterly basis may be material. The State Auto Group mitigates its exposure to this credit risk through its in-house collections unit for both personal and commercial accounts which is supplemented by third party collection service providers. The amounts deemed uncollectible by State Auto Mutual and allocated to the STFC Pooled Companies are included in the other expenses line item in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
We generally manage our cash flows through current operational activity and maturing investments, without a need to liquidate any of our other investments; however, should our written premiums decline or paid losses increase significantly, or a combination thereof, we may need to liquidate investments at losses in order to meet our cash obligations. This action was not necessary for the three and sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019.
We maintain a portion of our investment portfolio in relatively short-term and highly liquid investments to ensure the immediate availability of funds to pay claims and expenses. At JuneSeptember 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, we had $44.8$38.3 million and $59.8 million, respectively, in cash and cash equivalents, and $2,587.8$2,627.2 million and $2,523.3 million, respectively, of total investments. Our available-for-sale fixed maturities included $9.2$9.3 million and $8.9 million of securities on deposit with insurance regulators as required by law at JuneSeptember 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018; in addition, substantially all of our fixed maturity and equity securities are traded on public markets. For a further discussion regarding investments, see “Investments Operations Segment” included in this Item 2.
In May 2009, we entered into two separate credit agreements with State Auto Mutual pursuant to which we loaned State Auto Mutual a total of $70.0 million. In May 2019, we refinanced the two credit agreements with State Auto Mutual at a fixed annual interest rate of 4.05% (the prior fixed annual interest rate was 7.00%), with interest payable semi-annually and principal payable in May 2029.
Cash used in operating activities was $66.4$43.9 million compared to $22.2$30.3 million for the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash from operations will vary from period to period if there are significant changes in underwriting results, primarily the level of premiums written or loss and loss expenses paid, and in cash flows from investment income or federal income taxes paid.

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Cash provided by investing activities was $56.6$31.1 million and cash used in investing activities was $33.6$10.0 million for the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The change was primarily driven by increases in the proceeds from the sales and maturities of fixed maturities partially offset by an increase in the purchases of fixed maturities.
Cash used in financing activities was $5.2$8.7 million and cash provided by financing activities was $5.1$1.7 million for the sixnine months ended JuneSeptember 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The change was primarily driven by a decrease in stock option exercises in the first sixnine months of 2019 compared to the same 2018 period.
Borrowing Arrangements
FHLB Line of Credit
State Auto P&C has an Open Line of Credit Commitment (the "OLC") with the FHLB that provides State Auto P&C with a $100.0 million one-year open line of credit available for general corporate purposes. The OLC was renewed for one year onmatures in April 3, 2019.2020. Draws under the OLC are to be funded at a daily variable rate advance with a term of no more than 180 days with interest payable monthly. All advances under the OLC are to be fully secured by a pledge of specific investment securities of State Auto P&C. As of JuneSeptember 30, 2019, no advances had been made under the OLC.
FHLB Loans
State Auto P&C has outstanding two term loans with the FHLB in the principal amounts of $21.5 million and $85.0 million, respectively (the “2016 FHLB Loan” and "2018 FHLB Loan", respectively). The 2016 FHLB Loan is a five-year term loan, butmatures in September 2021 and may be prepaid after three years with no prepaymentwithout penalty. The 2016 FHLB Loan provides for interest-only payments during its term, with principal due in full at maturity. The interest rate is fixed over the term of the loan at 1.73%. The 2018 FHLB Loan is a 15-year loanmatures in May 2033 and provides for interest-only payments during its term, with principal due in full at maturity. The interest rate is fixed over the term of the loan at 3.96%. Prepayment of the 2018 FHLB Loan would require a prepayment fee. The 2018 FHLB Loan refinanced a prior loan from the FHLB.
The 2016 and 2018 FHLB Loans are fully secured by a pledge of specific investment securities of State Auto P&C.
Subordinated Debentures
State Auto Financial’s Delaware business trust subsidiary (the “Capital Trust”) has outstanding $15.0 million liquidation amount of capital securities, due 2033. In connection with the Capital Trust’s issuance of the capital securities and the related purchase by State Auto Financial of all of the Capital Trust’s common securities (liquidation amount of $0.5 million), State Auto Financial has issued to the Capital Trust $15.5 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Debt Securities due 2033 (the “Subordinated Debentures”). The sole assets of the Capital Trust are the Subordinated Debentures and any interest accrued thereon. Interest on the Capital Trust’s capital and common securities is payable quarterly at a rate equal to the three-month LIBOR rate plus 4.20%, adjusted quarterly. The applicable interest rates for JuneSeptember 30, 2019, and 2018 were 6.72%6.33% and 6.50%6.52%, respectively.
Reinsurance Arrangements
Members of the State Auto Group follow the customary industry practice of reinsuring a portion of their exposures and paying to the reinsurers a portion of the premiums received. Insurance is ceded principally to reduce net liability on individual risks or for individual loss occurrences, including catastrophic losses. Although reinsurance does not legally discharge the individual members of the State Auto Group from primary liability for the full amount of limits applicable under their policies, it does make the assuming reinsurer liable to the extent of the reinsurance ceded.
To minimize the risk of reinsurer default, the State Auto Group cedes only to third-party reinsurers who are rated A- or better by A.M. Best or Standard & Poor’s and also utilizes both domestic and international markets to diversify its credit risk. We utilize reinsurance to limit our loss exposure and contribute to our liquidity and capital resources.
Other Reinsurance Arrangements
Each member of the State Auto Group is party to working reinsurance treaties for casualty, workers’ compensation and property lines with several reinsurers arranged through reinsurance intermediaries. These agreements are described in more detail below. We have also secured other reinsurance to limit the net cost of large loss events for certain types of coverage. The State Auto Group also makes use of facultative reinsurance for unique risk situations. The State Auto Group also participates in state insurance pools and associations. In general, these pools and associations are state sponsored and/or operated, impose mandatory participation by insurers doing business in that state, and offer coverage for hard-to-place risks at rates established by the state sponsor or operator, thereby transferring risk of loss to the participating insurers in exchange for premiums which may not be commensurate with the risk assumed.

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)

Adverse Development Cover
The State Auto Group has an adverse development reinsurance agreement implemented at the end of 2014, providing $40.0 million of coverage for adverse claims development in excess of carried reserves as of November 30, 2014 for the terminated restaurant program business previously underwritten by a MGU-subsidiary of State Auto Mutual.
Property Catastrophe Treaty
Members of the State Auto Group maintain a property catastrophe excess of loss reinsurance agreement, covering property catastrophe related events affecting at least two risks. This property catastrophe reinsurance agreement renewed as of July 1, 2019. Under this reinsurance agreement, we retain the first $75.0 million of catastrophe loss, each occurrence, with a 5.0% co-participation on the next $125.0 million of covered loss, each occurrence. The reinsurers are responsible for 95.0% of the catastrophe losses excess of $75.0 million up to $200.0 million, each occurrence. The State Auto Group is responsible for catastrophe losses above $200.0 million. There is also an automatic restatement of the limit, for 125% of the deposit premium.
Property Per Risk Treaty
As of July 1, 2019, the State Auto Group renewed the property per risk excess of loss reinsurance agreement. This reinsurance agreement provides individual property risk coverage for the State Auto Group for losses exceeding $4.0 million. The reinsurers are responsible for 100.0% of the loss excess of the $4.0 million retention for property business up to $20.0 million of covered loss.
Casualty and Workers' Compensation Treaties
As of July 1, 2019, the State Auto Group renewed the casualty excess of loss reinsurance agreement. Under this reinsurance agreement, the State Auto Group is responsible for the first $3.0 million of losses that involve workers' compensation, auto liability, other liability and umbrella liability policies. This reinsurance agreement provides coverage up to $10.0 million, except for commercial umbrella policies which are covered for limits up to $15.0 million.
Also, certain unusual claim situations involving extra contractual obligations, excess of policy limits, LAE coverage and multiple policy or coverage loss occurrences arising from bodily injury liability, property damage, uninsured motorist and personal injury protection are covered by a Clash reinsurance agreement that provides for $20.0 million of coverage in excess of $10.0 million retention for each loss occurrence. This Clash reinsurance coverage sits above the $7.0 million excess of $3.0 million arrangement.
In addition, each company in the State Auto Group is party to a workers’ compensation catastrophe insurance agreement that provides additional reinsurance coverage for workers’ compensation losses involving multiple workers. Subject to $10.0

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)

million of retention, reinsurers are responsible for 100.0% of the excess over $10.0 million up to $30.0 million of covered loss. For loss amounts over $30.0 million, the casualty excess of loss reinsurance agreement provides $20.0 million coverage in excess of $30.0 million. Workers’ compensation catastrophe coverage is subject to a “Maximum Any One Life” limitation of $10.0 million. This limitation means that losses associated with each worker may contribute no more than $10.0 million to covered loss under these agreements.
Oil & Gas Quota Share
Effective March 1, 2018, the State Auto Group entered into a quota share agreement ("Oil & Gas Quota Share") covering its gas & propane distribution book of business. The Oil & Gas Quota Share expired February 28, 2019 on a run-off basis.
Regulatory Considerations
At JuneSeptember 30, 2019, all of our insurance subsidiaries were in compliance with statutory requirements relating to capital adequacy.
ADOPTION OF RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)" that amended previous guidance on lease accounting. The new guidance requires the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP. The guidance became effective January 1, 2019 and did not have a material impact on our results of operations, consolidated financial position or cash flows. As permitted by the guidance, we elected the practical expedients contained in ASC 842-10-65-1(f) and therefore did not reassess the lease classification of our existing leases.

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)

CREDIT AND FINANCIAL STRENGTH RATINGS
On June 20, 2019, A.M. Best reaffirmed the State Auto Group’s financial strength rating of A- (Excellent) with a stable outlook.
MARKET RISK
With respect to Market Risk, see the discussion regarding this subject at “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Investment Operations Segment – Market Risk” in Item 7 of the 2018 Form 10-K. There have been no material changes from the information reported regarding Market Risk in the 2018 Form 10-K.

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(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure of Market Risk
The information called for by this item is provided in this Form 10-Q under the caption “Market Risk” under Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
With the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, our management has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report:
1.Information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission;
2.Information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure; and
3.Our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in timely making known to them material information required to be included in our periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, nor is it likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
None.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in the 2018 Form 10-K under Part I, Item 1A – Risk Factors.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit
No.
 Description of Exhibits
   
31.01
 
CEO certification required by Section 302 of Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
   
31.02
 
CFO certification required by Section 302 of Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
   
32.01
 
CEO certification required by Section 906 of Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
   
32.02
 
CFO certification required by Section 906 of Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
   
101.INS
 The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document
   
101.SCH
 Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
   
101.CAL
 Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
   
101.DEF
 Inline XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
   
101.LAB
 Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
   
101.PRE
 Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
 

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STATE AUTO FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a majority-owned subsidiary of State Automobile Mutual Insurance Company)
 

SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
 
 State Auto Financial Corporation
  
Date: August 2,November 1, 2019/s/ Steven E. English
 Steven E. English
 Chief Financial Officer
 (Duly Authorized Officer and
 Principal Financial Officer)

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